Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. Progeny generations






5. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


6. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






8. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






9. Initiation - elongation - and termination






10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






12. Occurs when linked genes are separated






13. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






21. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






22. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






23. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






26. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. Genetic makeup of an individual






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






30. Chromosome fragment






31. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






36. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






37. Short segments from lagging strand






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






40. Consists of structural genes






41. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






42. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






45. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






46. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






48. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






49. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins