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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Peptide Bond
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomes
Dominant Allele
2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Point Mutation
Genetic Code
Double-Stranded Helix
Promoter gene
3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Operator Gene
Alleles
Ribosomes
Recombination
4. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Gene
Antibody resistance
Messenger mRNA
5. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Nondisjunction
Inducible Systems
Sex Linked Recessives
Binary fission
6. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Plasmid
Episomes
A-site
Punnet Square Diagram
7. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Leading Strand
Transduction
Mendel's Law of Dominance
8. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Translation
Bacterial Replication
Sex Linked
Operator Gene
9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Termination Codons
Codominance
Anticodon
Backcross
10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Recessive Allele
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Sex Linked
Chromosomal Breakage
11. Consists of structural genes
Punnet Square Diagram
Sex Linked
Operon
P-site
12. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
tRNA Job
Environmental Factors
Antibody resistance
Incomplete Dominance
13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Okazaki fragments
RNA
Leading Strand
Environmental Factors
14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Heterozygous
Dihybrid Cross
Codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Varions
Mendelian Genetics
Heredity
Genetic Code
16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Polyribosome
Monocistronic
Homozygous
Ribosomes
17. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Homozygous
Lytic Cycle
Gene Mutation
Mutable
18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
Backcross
Nonsense Mutation
19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutations
Testcross
20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutagenic Agents
Ribosomes
21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Punnet Square Diagram
Virulent
Triplet Code
P-site
22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Double-Stranded Helix
Recessive Allele
Bacteriophage
Transcription
23. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Complementary Base-Pairing
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmids
24. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Repressible Systems
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
25. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Codons
Lagging Strand
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Incomplete Dominance
Peptide Bond
Operon
27. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Operon
Elongation
Bacteriophage
Semiconservative
28. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Nondisjunction
Heredity
Drosophila Melanogaster
Inducible Systems
29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Recombination
Monocistronic
Nucleotide
Dihybrid Cross
30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacteriophage
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
31. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Dominant Allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Start Codon
Gene
32. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Conjugation
Repressible Systems
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Environmental Factors
Chromosomes
34. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transformation
Alleles
Transcription
35. Cell burst
Bacterial Replication
Autosomes
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
36. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Filial (F generations)
Synonyms
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutable
37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Regulator Gene
Dominant Allele
38. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Lytic Cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Messenger mRNA
Dominant Allele
39. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Codominance
Synonyms
Chromosomes
Bacteriophage
40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Mutable
Binary fission
Episomes
Gene Mutation
41. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Virulent
DNA
Promoter gene
Plasmids
42. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Lyse
Triplet Code
Heterozygous
Phenotype
43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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44. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Silent Mutation
Mutable
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Crosses
45. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Transformation
Bacteriophage
Chromosomal Breakage
46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genotype
Autosomes
Nucleotide
47. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Genetic Code
Transcription
Environmental Factors
Recombination
48. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Monocistronic
A-site
Transformation
Drosophila Melanogaster
49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Alleles
A-site
tRNA Job
Transduction
50. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Dihybrid Cross
Sex Linked Recessives
Inducer-Repressor Complex