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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutagenic Agents
Double-Stranded Helix
2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Double-Stranded Helix
Codons
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Bacterial Replication
3. Cytosine and thymine
Start Codon
Elongation
Genotype
Pyrimidines
4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Inducer-Repressor Complex
P-site
Dihybrid Cross
Point Mutation
5. Consists of structural genes
Plasmid
tRNA Job
Operon
Lyse
6. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Lagging Strand
Chromosomal Breakage
Recombination
Environmental Factors
7. New codon may be a stop codon
Mutable
Codons
Nonsense Mutation
Lytic Cycle
8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
DNA
Parental (P Generation)
Genetic Code
Polypeptide Synthesis
9. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Sex Linked Recessives
Leading Strand
Alleles
Polypeptide Synthesis
10. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Plasmids
Bacterial Replication
Missense Mutation
Genetics
11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Anticodon
Heterozygous
Gene
Episomes
12. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Homozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
Dominant Allele
Elongation
13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Leading Strand
Phenotype
Monocistronic
Translation
14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Operon
Pyrimidines
Chromosomal Breakage
15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Punnet Square Diagram
Testcross
Genetic Code
Transduction
16. Chromosome fragment
Conjugation
Plasmid
Double-Stranded Helix
Pyrimidines
17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Sex Linked Recessives
Genetic Code
Peptide Bond
18. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Genotype
Sex Linked
Autosomes
Binary fission
19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Nucleotide
Ribosomes
Anticodon
Phenotype
20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lyse
Triplet Code
Gene Mutation
21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
A-site
Mutations
Dominant Allele
Codominance
22. Progeny generations
Dihybrid Cross
Backcross
Bacteriophage
Filial (F generations)
23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Bacterial Replication
Mutagenic Agents
Messenger mRNA
Lyse
24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Translation
Monocistronic
A-site
Heterozygous
25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Alleles
Nondisjunction
Operator Gene
Bacterial Genome
26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Start Codon
Transcription
27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Transduction
Missense Mutation
Termination Codons
Operon
28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Gene Mutation
Peptide Bond
Triplet Code
Monohybrid Cross
29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Termination Codons
Regulator Gene
Antibody resistance
Transcription
30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Transformation
Parental (P Generation)
Plasmid
31. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Varions
Alleles
Environmental Factors
Promoter gene
32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Mutagenic Agents
Nucleotide
Termination Codons
Conjugation
33. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
Chromosomes
Heredity
34. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Silent Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked Recessives
35. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Point Mutation
DNA
Genotype
Polypeptide Synthesis
36. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
Frameshift Mutation
37. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Heterozygous
Ribosomes
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
tRNA Job
Transcription
A-site
Episomes
39. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
RNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
A-site
Plasmids
40. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Translation
Backcross
Genotype
41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Episomes
Operator Gene
Inducible Systems
Transcription
42. Cell burst
Purines
P-site
Elongation
Lyse
43. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Transduction
Mutagenic Agents
Heterozygous
Repressible Systems
44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Double-Stranded Helix
Okazaki fragments
Operon
45. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
P-site
Chromosomal Breakage
Nondisjunction
Monocistronic
46. Individuals being crossed
Antibody resistance
Monohybrid Cross
Parental (P Generation)
Anticodon
47. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Inducible Systems
Frameshift Mutation
Lysogenic Cycle
48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Promoter gene
Elongation
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
DNA
Varions
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chromosomal Breakage
50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Operator Gene
Elongation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Codominance