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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






2. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






4. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






5. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






12. Organisms that carry two different alleles






13. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






16. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






19. Cell burst






20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






24. Progeny generations






25. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






26. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






27. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






28. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






29. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






30. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






31. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






34. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






35. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






36. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






37. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






40. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






41. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






43. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






44. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






45. Where protein synthesis occurs






46. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






49. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






50. Occurs when linked genes are separated