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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
DNA
Codominance
Recessive Allele
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Point Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Mutagenic Agents
3. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Backcross
Monohybrid Cross
Antibody resistance
Recombination
4. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Operon
Homozygous
Ribosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Polyribosome
Mutations
Transformation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
6. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Promoter gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Elongation
Translocation
7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
tRNA Job
Conjugation
Nonsense Mutation
8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendelian Genetics
Triplet Code
Operator Gene
9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Nondisjunction
Promoter gene
Sex Linked
10. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Translation
Transduction
Nondisjunction
11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Translation
Frameshift Mutation
Mutable
Testcross
12. Short segments from lagging strand
Antibody resistance
Okazaki fragments
Triplet Code
Genetic Code
13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Mutable
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
Homozygous
14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Backcross
Polyribosome
Termination Codons
Sex Linked
15. Where protein synthesis occurs
Transcription
Dominant Allele
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomes
16. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Dihybrid Cross
Bacteriophage
Triplet Code
17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Operon
Virulent
Inducible Systems
Double-Stranded Helix
18. Progeny generations
Polyribosome
Lytic Cycle
Leading Strand
Filial (F generations)
19. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Silent Mutation
Regulator Gene
Episomes
20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Regulator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Gene
21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Codominance
Dihybrid Cross
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Punnet Square Diagram
22. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Pyrimidines
Transformation
Codons
Mutagenic Agents
23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Polyribosome
Peptide Bond
Bacterial Genome
24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Purines
Crosses
Heterozygous
Ribosomes
25. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Peptide Bond
Incomplete Dominance
26. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
DNA Replication
Mutations
Purines
27. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Plasmid
Gene
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Bacterial Replication
28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Regulator Gene
Dominant Allele
29. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Mutations
Bacterial Genome
Monohybrid Cross
Filial (F generations)
30. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Varions
Silent Mutation
Nondisjunction
Plasmid
31. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Environmental Factors
32. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Polypeptide Synthesis
Messenger mRNA
Backcross
Sex Linked
33. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Nondisjunction
Gene Mutation
Nucleotide
34. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Repressible Systems
Lysogenic Cycle
Transcription
Gene Mutation
35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Bacterial Replication
Heredity
Elongation
36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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37. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Triplet Code
Ribosomes
Start Codon
Testcross
38. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Phenotype
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translocation
Promoter gene
39. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Lagging Strand
Purines
Backcross
40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Ribosomes
Episomes
Lagging Strand
Semiconservative
41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Regulator Gene
Messenger mRNA
Sex Linked Recessives
42. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Recombination
Lysogenic Cycle
Sex Linked
43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Antibody resistance
Operator Gene
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Lyse
44. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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45. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Transcription
DNA
46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Okazaki fragments
Genotype
Heredity
47. Genetic makeup of an individual
Chromosomal Breakage
Genotype
Punnet Square Diagram
Operator Gene
48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Polyribosome
Anticodon
Bacterial Genome
Inducible Systems
49. Chromosome fragment
RNA
Messenger mRNA
Plasmid
Mutations
50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Monohybrid Cross
Frameshift Mutation
Termination Codons
Pyrimidines