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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid






2. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Adenine and guanine






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






7. Organisms that carry two different alleles






8. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






10. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






11. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






14. Location of genes on DNA






15. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






17. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






20. Consists of structural genes






21. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






22. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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26. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






27. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






28. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






29. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






31. Where protein synthesis occurs






32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






34. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






38. Cell burst






39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






40. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






44. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






45. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






48. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






49. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






50. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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