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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genetic makeup of an individual






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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4. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






5. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






7. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






8. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






9. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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12. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






13. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






14. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






15. New codon may code for a different amino acid






16. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






17. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






19. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






20. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






25. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






26. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






30. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






31. Consists of structural genes






32. Adenine and guanine






33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






34. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






35. New codon may be a stop codon






36. Location of genes on DNA






37. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






39. Chromosome fragment






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Occurs when linked genes are separated






43. Cell burst






44. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






45. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






48. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






50. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced