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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






2. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






3. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






4. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






6. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






8. Individuals being crossed






9. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






10. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






11. Where protein synthesis occurs






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Genetic makeup of an individual






17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






19. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






23. Location of genes on DNA






24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






25. New codon may code for a different amino acid






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






28. Organisms that carry two different alleles






29. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






36. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






37. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






38. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






39. Cell burst






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. Chromosome fragment






44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






45. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






50. Basic unit of heredity







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