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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Bacterial Replication
Point Mutation
Repressible Systems
2. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Backcross
Nondisjunction
Genetic Code
Pyrimidines
3. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Genetics
Polyribosome
Punnet Square Diagram
4. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Polyribosome
Pyrimidines
Transformation
Virulent
5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Gene Mutation
Semiconservative
tRNA Job
Genetic Code
6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Incomplete Dominance
Mutations
Regulator Gene
Genotype
7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Termination Codons
Gene Mutation
Lagging Strand
8. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
tRNA Job
Chromosomes
Synonyms
9. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Lytic Cycle
Elongation
Transcription
P-site
10. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Elongation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genetics
11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Virulent
Punnet Square Diagram
Plasmid
Codons
12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Crosses
Autosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
13. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Mutations
Alleles
Plasmids
Triplet Code
14. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Alleles
Complementary Base-Pairing
Triplet Code
Varions
15. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Episomes
A-site
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Testcross
Peptide Bond
tRNA Job
Parental (P Generation)
18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Plasmid
Varions
Transcription
19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
DNA
P-site
Synonyms
Nucleotide
20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Mutable
Start Codon
Synonyms
Dominant Allele
21. Basic unit of heredity
Promoter gene
Gene
Transcription
Conjugation
22. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Missense Mutation
23. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chromosomal Breakage
Parental (P Generation)
Bacteriophage
24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
RNA
Homozygous
Transcription
25. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Varions
Chromosomal Breakage
Messenger mRNA
26. Cell burst
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
Bacterial Replication
Lyse
27. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Promoter gene
Lyse
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutations
28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Transcription
Codominance
Crosses
DNA
29. Genetic makeup of an individual
Bacterial Genome
Heredity
Genotype
Bacterial Replication
30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
DNA Replication
Environmental Factors
Mendelian Genetics
Lagging Strand
31. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Episomes
Leading Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
Polyribosome
32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Frameshift Mutation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Synonyms
33. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
DNA
Genetics
Episomes
Dominant Allele
34. Adenine and guanine
Termination Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
Purines
tRNA Job
35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Translocation
Operon
Sex Linked
36. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Genotype
Transformation
37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Lagging Strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Complementary Base-Pairing
Operator Gene
38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Testcross
Lagging Strand
Repressible Systems
Crosses
39. Where protein synthesis occurs
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomes
Nonsense Mutation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
40. Chromosome fragment
P-site
Filial (F generations)
Plasmid
Semiconservative
41. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Operon
Double-Stranded Helix
Complementary Base-Pairing
Crosses
42. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Genetic Code
Nonsense Mutation
Silent Mutation
Ribosomes
43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Mutable
Drosophila Melanogaster
Point Mutation
Environmental Factors
44. New codon may be a stop codon
Promoter gene
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Lagging Strand
45. Location of genes on DNA
Crosses
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
Chromosomes
46. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Double-Stranded Helix
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lyse
Sex Linked
47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Testcross
Filial (F generations)
Dominant Allele
Lyse
48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Synonyms
Autosomes
Virulent
Bacterial Replication
49. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Filial (F generations)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genetics
Inducer-Repressor Complex
50. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Lytic Cycle
Chromosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendelian Genetics