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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






2. Where protein synthesis occurs






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


6. Cell burst






7. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






9. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






12. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






14. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






17. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






18. Initiation - elongation - and termination






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. Progeny generations






21. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






24. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. Adenine and guanine






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






32. Basic unit of heredity






33. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






35. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


36. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






37. Short segments from lagging strand






38. Organisms that carry two different alleles






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets