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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






2. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






3. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






7. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






8. Organisms that carry two different alleles






9. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






10. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






11. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






12. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






15. Chromosome fragment






16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






18. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






19. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






20. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






22. Short segments from lagging strand






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






28. Where protein synthesis occurs






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






31. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






36. Adenine and guanine






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






39. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






40. New codon may be a stop codon






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






47. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Location of genes on DNA






49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






50. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand