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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






2. Genetic makeup of an individual






3. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






4. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






5. Location of genes on DNA






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






8. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






9. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






10. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






12. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Cell burst






16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






17. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






18. Adenine and guanine






19. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






20. Basic unit of heredity






21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






26. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






27. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






28. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






30. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






31. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






34. Short segments from lagging strand






35. New codon may code for a different amino acid






36. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






37. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






41. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






42. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






49. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance