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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






2. Cytosine and thymine






3. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






4. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






5. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






9. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






14. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






19. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. Organisms that carry two different alleles






24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






25. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






27. Progeny generations






28. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






30. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






37. Initiation - elongation - and termination






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. Occurs when linked genes are separated






40. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






41. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






42. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






43. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






44. New codon may be a stop codon






45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






46. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






47. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. Adenine and guanine






50. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle







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