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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






2. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






5. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






6. Progeny generations






7. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






8. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






9. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






10. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






13. Genetic makeup of an individual






14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






15. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






17. Basic unit of heredity






18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






19. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






21. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






22. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






23. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






24. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






25. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






31. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






32. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






33. Individuals being crossed






34. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






35. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






36. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






37. Occurs when linked genes are separated






38. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






39. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






40. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






41. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






42. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






43. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






44. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






46. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






47. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






48. New codon may code for a different amino acid






49. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






50. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual







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