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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






2. Consists of structural genes






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






6. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






7. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. Cytosine and thymine






13. Initiation - elongation - and termination






14. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






15. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






19. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






25. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






26. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






27. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






29. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






30. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






31. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






36. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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37. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






38. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






39. Chromosome fragment






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






42. Occurs when linked genes are separated






43. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. New codon may code for a different amino acid






47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






48. Short segments from lagging strand






49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






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