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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






2. Adenine and guanine






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. New codon may be a stop codon






6. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






7. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






10. Short segments from lagging strand






11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






14. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






16. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






17. Where protein synthesis occurs






18. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






22. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






25. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






26. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






30. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






34. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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37. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Cytosine and thymine






40. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. Individuals being crossed






45. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






48. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






49. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






50. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup