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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Progeny generations






2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






10. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






11. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






12. New codon may be a stop codon






13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






14. Location of genes on DNA






15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






16. Genetic makeup of an individual






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






23. Adenine and guanine






24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. Basic unit of heredity






28. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






29. Individuals being crossed






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






33. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






40. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






43. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






45. Initiation - elongation - and termination






46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






47. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






48. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






50. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule