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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






2. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






3. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






5. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






6. Cell burst






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






11. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






12. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






17. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






18. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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19. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






21. Location of genes on DNA






22. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. Chromosome fragment






28. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






31. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






32. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






35. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






36. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






37. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






41. Individuals being crossed






42. New codon may be a stop codon






43. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






44. Consists of structural genes






45. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






46. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






47. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






48. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






49. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors







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