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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
RNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
2. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Frameshift Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Virulent
3. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Translation
Gene Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Polypeptide Synthesis
4. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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5. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Pyrimidines
Missense Mutation
Chromosomes
Inducible Systems
6. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Heterozygous
Chromosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Messenger mRNA
7. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Punnet Square Diagram
Mendelian Genetics
tRNA Job
8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Sex Linked
Polyribosome
Plasmids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
9. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Genotype
Alleles
Mutagenic Agents
Ribosomes
10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Transformation
Frameshift Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Lagging Strand
11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Promoter gene
Recombination
Ribosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Nonsense Mutation
Plasmids
Ribosomes
DNA
13. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Frameshift Mutation
Repressible Systems
Double-Stranded Helix
Episomes
14. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Chromosomal Breakage
Repressible Systems
Testcross
Bacterial Replication
15. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Mutable
Monohybrid Cross
Silent Mutation
16. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Regulator Gene
Transformation
Silent Mutation
Codominance
17. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Synonyms
Dihybrid Cross
Missense Mutation
Alleles
18. Chromosome fragment
Incomplete Dominance
Filial (F generations)
Inducible Systems
Plasmid
19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Operon
Codons
Gene
20. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
A-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
Genetics
21. Cytosine and thymine
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Pyrimidines
Semiconservative
Nucleotide
22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Transcription
Environmental Factors
Sex Linked
Gene Mutation
23. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Translocation
P-site
Lysogenic Cycle
Codons
24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Codominance
Bacterial Replication
Lytic Cycle
25. Consists of structural genes
Varions
Recessive Allele
Genetic Code
Operon
26. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Ribosomes
Translocation
Codominance
Drosophila Melanogaster
27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Chromosomal Breakage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Autosomes
Synonyms
28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Environmental Factors
Monohybrid Cross
Semiconservative
Polypeptide Synthesis
29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Translocation
Start Codon
Transcription
Codons
30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Transduction
Ribosomes
Messenger mRNA
31. Location of genes on DNA
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Missense Mutation
Transcription
32. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Codons
Transformation
Gene Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
33. Where protein synthesis occurs
Polypeptide Synthesis
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomes
Messenger mRNA
34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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35. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Backcross
DNA Replication
36. Genetic makeup of an individual
Episomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Promoter gene
37. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Mendelian Genetics
Okazaki fragments
Triplet Code
Bacterial Replication
38. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Semiconservative
Triplet Code
39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Lyse
Alleles
Heterozygous
Virulent
40. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Anticodon
Crosses
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Triplet Code
41. Short segments from lagging strand
Mutations
Okazaki fragments
Chromosomes
A-site
42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
RNA
Episomes
Varions
DNA
43. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Chromosomal Breakage
Sex Linked
Heredity
44. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Double-Stranded Helix
P-site
Translocation
Sex Linked
45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
Punnet Square Diagram
Environmental Factors
46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Genetic Code
Nonsense Mutation
Heredity
Dominant Allele
47. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Heredity
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Crosses
Bacterial Replication
48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Nondisjunction
Alleles
Genotype
Mutable
49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Codominance
Heterozygous
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Sex Linked Recessives
50. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Translocation
Binary fission
Mutable