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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






2. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






3. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






4. Consists of structural genes






5. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






6. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






7. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






8. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






10. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






12. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






13. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






14. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






16. Location of genes on DNA






17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






18. Progeny generations






19. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






20. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






21. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






22. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






23. Occurs when linked genes are separated






24. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






27. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






28. New codon may code for the same amino acid






29. New codon may code for a different amino acid






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






32. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






33. Basic unit of heredity






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






36. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






37. Where protein synthesis occurs






38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






39. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






40. Cytosine and thymine






41. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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44. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






48. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






49. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






50. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors