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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Progeny generations






7. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






11. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






12. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






16. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






17. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






18. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






19. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






20. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






21. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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22. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






23. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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24. Individuals being crossed






25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






26. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






27. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






28. New codon may be a stop codon






29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






30. Adenine and guanine






31. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






32. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






33. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






34. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






38. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






41. New codon may code for the same amino acid






42. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






43. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






44. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






45. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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47. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






48. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






50. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable







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