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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Location of genes on DNA






2. Initiation - elongation - and termination






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






5. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






6. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






7. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






8. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. Basic unit of heredity






16. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






17. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






21. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






22. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






25. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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28. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Adenine and guanine






31. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






32. Cytosine and thymine






33. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






36. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. New codon may code for the same amino acid






40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






43. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Organisms that carry two different alleles






46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






47. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






48. Chromosome fragment






49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






50. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)