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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. Short segments from lagging strand






4. Organisms that carry two different alleles






5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. Occurs when linked genes are separated






8. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






11. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






14. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






15. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






16. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






20. Genetic makeup of an individual






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






23. Location of genes on DNA






24. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






25. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






28. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






29. Where protein synthesis occurs






30. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






32. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






33. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






34. New codon may code for the same amino acid






35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






38. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






39. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






42. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






44. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






46. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






47. Progeny generations






48. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






49. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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50. Individuals being crossed