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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






2. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






3. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






5. Short segments from lagging strand






6. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






9. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






12. New codon may code for the same amino acid






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






16. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






17. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






18. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






19. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






21. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






22. Genetic makeup of an individual






23. Cytosine and thymine






24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






25. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






31. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






32. Chromosome fragment






33. Cell burst






34. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






35. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






37. Organisms that carry two different alleles






38. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






39. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Consists of structural genes






43. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






44. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






45. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






46. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






49. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters