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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






2. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






3. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






4. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






9. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






10. Genetic makeup of an individual






11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






13. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






14. Basic unit of heredity






15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






16. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






19. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






20. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






24. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






25. Consists of structural genes






26. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






28. Cell burst






29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






30. New codon may code for a different amino acid






31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Location of genes on DNA






35. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






36. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






37. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






38. New codon may code for the same amino acid






39. Chromosome fragment






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






42. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






48. Cytosine and thymine






49. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






50. Progeny generations