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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






2. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






3. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






4. New codon may code for a different amino acid






5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


7. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






10. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






11. New codon may be a stop codon






12. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






13. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






14. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






15. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






16. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


19. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






20. Short segments from lagging strand






21. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






22. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






23. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






24. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






25. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






26. Consists of structural genes






27. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






28. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






29. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. New codon may code for the same amino acid






35. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






37. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






38. Adenine and guanine






39. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






40. Genetic makeup of an individual






41. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






42. Cell burst






43. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






47. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






48. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






49. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






50. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos