Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






2. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






4. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






7. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






14. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






15. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






16. Chromosome fragment






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






22. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






23. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. Occurs when linked genes are separated






26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. Cytosine and thymine






29. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






32. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. Consists of structural genes






35. Progeny generations






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Basic unit of heredity






38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Genetic makeup of an individual






42. Location of genes on DNA






43. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






47. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






48. Where protein synthesis occurs






49. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site