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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






2. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. Individuals being crossed






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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13. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






19. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






22. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






23. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






24. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






26. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






28. Occurs when linked genes are separated






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






31. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






35. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






36. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Basic unit of heredity






40. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






41. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






42. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






44. Short segments from lagging strand






45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






46. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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48. Cell burst






49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele