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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






12. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






13. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. Where protein synthesis occurs






17. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






18. Genetic makeup of an individual






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. Short segments from lagging strand






21. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






22. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






23. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






24. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






26. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. Progeny generations






31. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






32. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






35. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






37. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






38. Individuals being crossed






39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






41. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Cell burst






44. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






45. Occurs when linked genes are separated






46. Basic unit of heredity






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Cytosine and thymine






49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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