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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






2. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Basic unit of heredity






10. Chromosome fragment






11. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






13. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






23. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






28. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






30. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






34. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






35. Cytosine and thymine






36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






37. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






40. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






41. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






42. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






43. Organisms that carry two different alleles






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






46. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






47. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






48. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness