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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






4. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






5. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






6. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






7. Individuals being crossed






8. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. Consists of structural genes






12. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






14. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






15. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






17. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






24. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






25. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






31. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






32. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






35. Cell burst






36. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






38. Initiation - elongation - and termination






39. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






41. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






42. Organisms that carry two different alleles






43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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44. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






48. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm