Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






4. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






7. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






8. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






9. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






10. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






17. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






19. Basic unit of heredity






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Progeny generations






22. Occurs when linked genes are separated






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






26. Location of genes on DNA






27. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






28. Where protein synthesis occurs






29. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






30. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






31. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






33. Initiation - elongation - and termination






34. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






35. Cytosine and thymine






36. Cell burst






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






39. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






41. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






42. Individuals being crossed






43. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






46. New codon may be a stop codon






47. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






48. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






49. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






50. New codon may code for the same amino acid