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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






2. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






7. Consists of structural genes






8. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






9. Chromosome fragment






10. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






14. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






15. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






16. New codon may code for the same amino acid






17. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






18. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






19. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






25. New codon may code for a different amino acid






26. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






27. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






28. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






29. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






30. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






31. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






32. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






34. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Organisms that carry two different alleles






38. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






39. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






40. Genetic makeup of an individual






41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. Initiation - elongation - and termination






44. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






48. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






49. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group