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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Lagging Strand
Regulator Gene
Mutations
Plasmids
2. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Bacterial Genome
Anticodon
3. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Nondisjunction
Operon
Recessive Allele
Incomplete Dominance
4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Translocation
Codons
DNA
5. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Ribosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lysogenic Cycle
Heredity
6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Parental (P Generation)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Testcross
Synonyms
7. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Lysogenic Cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Gene Mutation
Heredity
8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Environmental Factors
Translation
tRNA Job
Transduction
9. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Point Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Leading Strand
Bacteriophage
10. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Start Codon
Translation
DNA Replication
11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Mutable
tRNA Job
Codons
Promoter gene
12. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Regulator Gene
Polyribosome
Conjugation
Nucleotide
13. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Point Mutation
Promoter gene
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Translation
Operator Gene
Bacteriophage
Mutagenic Agents
15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Semiconservative
Chromosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Anticodon
DNA
Triplet Code
17. Adenine and guanine
Genetics
Anticodon
Purines
Complementary Base-Pairing
18. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Leading Strand
Alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
19. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Genotype
Leading Strand
Semiconservative
20. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Inducible Systems
Testcross
Recessive Allele
21. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Antibody resistance
Homozygous
22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Repressible Systems
Inducible Systems
Recombination
23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
DNA
Virulent
Gene Mutation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
24. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Translation
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Genome
Parental (P Generation)
25. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Monocistronic
Alleles
Mutable
Inducer-Repressor Complex
26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
A-site
Heredity
Sex Linked
Backcross
27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Lysogenic Cycle
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Missense Mutation
28. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Lagging Strand
Transformation
Anticodon
Filial (F generations)
29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
tRNA Job
Episomes
Silent Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Regulator Gene
RNA
31. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
32. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Filial (F generations)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Missense Mutation
33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Phenotype
Nondisjunction
Environmental Factors
Ribosomes
34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Double-Stranded Helix
Plasmid
P-site
Punnet Square Diagram
35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Regulator Gene
Synonyms
Phenotype
Complementary Base-Pairing
36. Cell burst
Lyse
Messenger mRNA
Complementary Base-Pairing
Start Codon
37. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Dihybrid Cross
Transduction
Translation
Promoter gene
38. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Mutable
Double-Stranded Helix
Crosses
Lyse
39. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Messenger mRNA
Recombination
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
40. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Homozygous
Leading Strand
Transduction
Punnet Square Diagram
41. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Translocation
Crosses
Bacteriophage
42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Phenotype
Mutations
43. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Chromosomal Breakage
Nucleotide
Missense Mutation
Environmental Factors
44. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Antibody resistance
Translation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lysogenic Cycle
Inducer-Repressor Complex
46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
A-site
Mutations
Genetic Code
47. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Dominant Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
Testcross
Operon
48. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Episomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Heredity
Sex Linked Recessives
49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Autosomes
Translocation
Dominant Allele
50. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Filial (F generations)
Mutations
Recombination