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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






2. Chromosome fragment






3. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. Genetic makeup of an individual






9. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






12. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






13. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






14. Where protein synthesis occurs






15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






18. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






19. Initiation - elongation - and termination






20. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Short segments from lagging strand






23. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






26. Organisms that carry two different alleles






27. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






30. Cell burst






31. Cytosine and thymine






32. Adenine and guanine






33. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






34. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






35. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






36. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






39. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






40. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






45. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






46. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






47. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






48. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






50. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual







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