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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






5. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






6. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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7. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






8. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






9. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Consists of structural genes






13. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






14. New codon may code for a different amino acid






15. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






16. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






19. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






21. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






22. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






23. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






24. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






25. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






26. Individuals being crossed






27. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






28. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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29. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






30. Short segments from lagging strand






31. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






32. New codon may be a stop codon






33. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






34. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






35. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. Basic unit of heredity






38. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






39. Cell burst






40. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






41. Initiation - elongation - and termination






42. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






47. Organisms that carry two different alleles






48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






49. Cytosine and thymine






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection