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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






3. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






4. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. Chromosome fragment






7. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






8. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






12. New codon may code for a different amino acid






13. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






14. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






15. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






16. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






19. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






21. Where protein synthesis occurs






22. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






23. Consists of structural genes






24. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






26. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






27. Basic unit of heredity






28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






33. Individuals being crossed






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Occurs when linked genes are separated






36. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






37. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






38. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






39. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






41. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






42. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






45. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






46. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






47. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






48. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






50. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns