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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Polyribosome
Silent Mutation
Regulator Gene
Genetics
2. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Homozygous
Lytic Cycle
Repressible Systems
Frameshift Mutation
3. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Silent Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked Recessives
Genetic Code
4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Elongation
Binary fission
Parental (P Generation)
5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Virulent
Bacterial Genome
6. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Phenotype
Virulent
Transduction
Semiconservative
7. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
DNA Replication
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Lysogenic Cycle
8. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heredity
Heterozygous
Transcription
Gene
9. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
10. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Messenger mRNA
Leading Strand
Ribosomes
11. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
A-site
Phenotype
Bacteriophage
Messenger mRNA
12. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Punnet Square Diagram
Gene Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Semiconservative
13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Mutations
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Crosses
Triplet Code
14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Recessive Allele
Polyribosome
Filial (F generations)
15. Chromosome fragment
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
Plasmid
Inducible Systems
16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Complementary Base-Pairing
Recessive Allele
Homozygous
Silent Mutation
17. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutagenic Agents
Start Codon
Regulator Gene
18. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
P-site
tRNA Job
Termination Codons
DNA
19. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Genetic Code
Drosophila Melanogaster
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transcription
20. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Polyribosome
DNA
Nonsense Mutation
Repressible Systems
22. Short segments from lagging strand
Varions
Pyrimidines
Punnet Square Diagram
Okazaki fragments
23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Antibody resistance
Mutagenic Agents
Dominant Allele
24. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Genetic Code
Point Mutation
Repressible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Transformation
Lyse
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mutable
26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Translocation
Incomplete Dominance
Dihybrid Cross
Semiconservative
27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Operator Gene
Polypeptide Synthesis
Peptide Bond
Gene Mutation
28. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Autosomes
Monohybrid Cross
Dominant Allele
29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Homozygous
Polypeptide Synthesis
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Mutagenic Agents
Recessive Allele
31. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Transcription
Homozygous
Transcription
Gene
32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Anticodon
Heterozygous
Conjugation
Ribosomes
33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomes
Translocation
Binary fission
34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Heterozygous
Nonsense Mutation
Environmental Factors
Backcross
35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Plasmids
Double-Stranded Helix
Translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
36. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Mendelian Genetics
Pyrimidines
Phenotype
37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lysogenic Cycle
Recombination
Leading Strand
38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Translation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nonsense Mutation
39. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Conjugation
Pyrimidines
Anticodon
Backcross
40. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Silent Mutation
Point Mutation
41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Start Codon
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Sex Linked
42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Polypeptide Synthesis
Testcross
Lysogenic Cycle
Termination Codons
43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Genetic Code
Ribosomes
Synonyms
Polypeptide Synthesis
44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Alleles
Point Mutation
Plasmids
Elongation
45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Bacteriophage
Filial (F generations)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transcription
46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Polypeptide Synthesis
Monohybrid Cross
Transformation
Inducible Systems
47. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Episomes
Elongation
Gene
Recombination
48. Location of genes on DNA
DNA
Recessive Allele
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Chromosomes
49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Plasmid
Lytic Cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacterial Replication
50. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Punnet Square Diagram
Messenger mRNA