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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Recombination
Bacterial Genome
Regulator Gene
Anticodon
2. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Recessive Allele
Synonyms
Translocation
3. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Episomes
P-site
Binary fission
4. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Backcross
Sex Linked
Episomes
Pyrimidines
5. Basic unit of heredity
Heterozygous
Gene
Filial (F generations)
Gene Mutation
6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Plasmids
Bacteriophage
P-site
7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Conjugation
Anticodon
Backcross
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Transcription
Episomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Ribosomes
9. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Messenger mRNA
Anticodon
Crosses
Operator Gene
10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Nucleotide
Monocistronic
Lagging Strand
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Lyse
Termination Codons
Semiconservative
Start Codon
12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Dominant Allele
Incomplete Dominance
Silent Mutation
13. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Incomplete Dominance
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked
Transcription
14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transformation
15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Leading Strand
Anticodon
Mendelian Genetics
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mutagenic Agents
Synonyms
Plasmids
Repressible Systems
17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Plasmids
Termination Codons
Gene
Heterozygous
18. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Parental (P Generation)
Episomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
DNA Replication
Double-Stranded Helix
RNA
Homozygous
20. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
DNA
Sex Linked Recessives
Genotype
Backcross
21. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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22. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Regulator Gene
Elongation
Genotype
tRNA Job
23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Recombination
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
Pyrimidines
24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Filial (F generations)
Purines
Leading Strand
Phenotype
25. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Heredity
26. Cell burst
Lyse
Phenotype
Peptide Bond
Translation
27. Adenine and guanine
Repressible Systems
Translocation
Purines
Point Mutation
28. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Parental (P Generation)
Virulent
Heterozygous
Elongation
29. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Incomplete Dominance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Synonyms
Plasmids
30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutations
Codominance
Genetics
31. Short segments from lagging strand
Dominant Allele
Semiconservative
Chromosomal Breakage
Okazaki fragments
32. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Testcross
Translation
Mutable
Promoter gene
33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Mutable
Phenotype
Triplet Code
Genetics
34. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Mutagenic Agents
Mutable
Varions
35. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Translocation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lysogenic Cycle
DNA Replication
36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Polyribosome
Translation
Alleles
Point Mutation
37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Complementary Base-Pairing
Dihybrid Cross
Parental (P Generation)
Testcross
38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Peptide Bond
Promoter gene
Dominant Allele
Bacterial Replication
39. Genetic makeup of an individual
Episomes
Monohybrid Cross
Anticodon
Genotype
40. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genotype
Bacterial Genome
Silent Mutation
41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
A-site
Leading Strand
Anticodon
42. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Genetic Code
Translocation
Mutable
43. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Codons
Purines
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translocation
44. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Nonsense Mutation
Autosomes
Operon
45. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Binary fission
Sex Linked
DNA
47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Promoter gene
Genetic Code
Triplet Code
Chromosomes
48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Conjugation
Mutagenic Agents
Missense Mutation
49. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Translocation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genetics
50. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Phenotype
Triplet Code
Elongation
Operator Gene