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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosome fragment






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






5. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






7. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






12. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






15. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






16. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






19. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. Cell burst






22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






25. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






28. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






32. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






33. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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35. Progeny generations






36. Cytosine and thymine






37. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






38. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






39. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






40. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






41. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






42. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






43. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






44. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






46. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






47. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






49. Organisms that carry two different alleles






50. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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