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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Cytosine and thymine






4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






5. Consists of structural genes






6. Occurs when linked genes are separated






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






10. New codon may code for a different amino acid






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






16. Chromosome fragment






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Progeny generations






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






27. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






31. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






34. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






35. Initiation - elongation - and termination






36. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






37. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






40. Adenine and guanine






41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






42. Cell burst






43. Organisms that carry two different alleles






44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






45. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






46. Individuals being crossed






47. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group