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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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2. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






5. Occurs when linked genes are separated






6. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






7. Location of genes on DNA






8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






9. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






10. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






11. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






12. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






13. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






20. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






21. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






22. Adenine and guanine






23. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






26. Organisms that carry two different alleles






27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






28. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






30. Short segments from lagging strand






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






39. New codon may code for the same amino acid






40. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






41. New codon may be a stop codon






42. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






45. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






49. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






50. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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