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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Mendelian Genetics
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
DNA
2. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lytic Cycle
Triplet Code
Virulent
3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Sex Linked Recessives
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Mutagenic Agents
4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Messenger mRNA
Promoter gene
P-site
5. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Operator Gene
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Monocistronic
6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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7. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
P-site
DNA Replication
Semiconservative
Regulator Gene
8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Monocistronic
Mutations
Elongation
9. Individuals being crossed
Complementary Base-Pairing
Sex Linked Recessives
Parental (P Generation)
Monocistronic
10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Nucleotide
Bacteriophage
A-site
Genetics
11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Mutagenic Agents
Codons
tRNA Job
Alleles
12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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13. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Lagging Strand
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Transformation
Phenotype
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transcription
15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Semiconservative
RNA
Transduction
16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Mutable
Ribosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Regulator Gene
17. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Point Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Operator Gene
18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Termination Codons
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Semiconservative
19. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Monohybrid Cross
DNA Replication
Inducible Systems
Termination Codons
20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Genotype
P-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
Monocistronic
21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Frameshift Mutation
Plasmid
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
22. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Chromosomes
Mutable
Okazaki fragments
Translation
23. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Heterozygous
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
Operator Gene
24. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Lyse
Dihybrid Cross
Chromosomal Breakage
Autosomes
25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Start Codon
Operon
26. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Frameshift Mutation
Regulator Gene
Conjugation
Genetics
27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Inducible Systems
Monohybrid Cross
Genetic Code
DNA
28. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Plasmid
Lagging Strand
Recombination
Messenger mRNA
29. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Pyrimidines
Lysogenic Cycle
Codons
30. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Inducible Systems
Transcription
Dihybrid Cross
Testcross
31. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lysogenic Cycle
Recessive Allele
Genetics
Codominance
32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Varions
Operator Gene
Dominant Allele
Homozygous
33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Nondisjunction
Binary fission
Nonsense Mutation
34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Environmental Factors
Transformation
35. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Missense Mutation
36. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
P-site
Mendelian Genetics
Lagging Strand
Recombination
37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Environmental Factors
Backcross
Plasmids
38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Alleles
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription
Elongation
39. Basic unit of heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Gene
Transcription
Messenger mRNA
40. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Elongation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Triplet Code
Peptide Bond
41. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Binary fission
Missense Mutation
42. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Repressible Systems
Dominant Allele
Transformation
43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Chromosomes
Bacterial Replication
Okazaki fragments
44. Short segments from lagging strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
Frameshift Mutation
Regulator Gene
Okazaki fragments
45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Point Mutation
Genotype
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Ribosomes
46. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Mutagenic Agents
Genetics
Termination Codons
47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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48. Cell burst
Codons
tRNA Job
Transduction
Lyse
49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Plasmids
Recombination
Inducible Systems
50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Semiconservative
Alleles
Transduction