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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






2. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






3. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






4. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






8. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






11. New codon may code for a different amino acid






12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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14. Individuals being crossed






15. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






16. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






17. Occurs when linked genes are separated






18. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






19. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Organisms that carry two different alleles






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. Consists of structural genes






24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






27. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






31. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






35. New codon may code for the same amino acid






36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






39. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Location of genes on DNA






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. Where protein synthesis occurs






43. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






44. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






45. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






46. Cell burst






47. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






48. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






49. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism