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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where protein synthesis occurs
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Polyribosome
2. Cytosine and thymine
Genetic Code
Translocation
Double-Stranded Helix
Pyrimidines
3. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Alleles
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transduction
4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Mutations
Antibody resistance
5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Virulent
RNA
Gene
Lagging Strand
6. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Varions
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Punnet Square Diagram
7. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Mutagenic Agents
Operator Gene
Repressible Systems
8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Lysogenic Cycle
Operator Gene
Translocation
A-site
9. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transformation
Point Mutation
Heterozygous
10. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Translocation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Conjugation
Lysogenic Cycle
11. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducible Systems
Dominant Allele
Parental (P Generation)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
12. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Alleles
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Transcription
13. Basic unit of heredity
Elongation
Translation
Gene
Codominance
14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Peptide Bond
Plasmids
Operon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Promoter gene
Dominant Allele
Termination Codons
16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lysogenic Cycle
Sex Linked
Repressible Systems
17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Repressible Systems
Mendelian Genetics
Inducible Systems
Operator Gene
18. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Nucleotide
Translation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Conjugation
19. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Sex Linked Recessives
Heterozygous
Mendelian Genetics
Varions
20. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Purines
Episomes
Recombination
21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Alleles
Start Codon
Elongation
Crosses
22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Backcross
Antibody resistance
Polyribosome
Recombination
23. Adenine and guanine
Mutable
Mutations
Purines
Missense Mutation
24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Gene
Nonsense Mutation
Virulent
Testcross
25. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Double-Stranded Helix
Peptide Bond
Mutations
26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Mutable
Episomes
Transcription
Lagging Strand
27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Anticodon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles
Ribosomes
28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Codominance
Termination Codons
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Backcross
29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
A-site
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Triplet Code
Peptide Bond
30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Operator Gene
Silent Mutation
tRNA Job
Bacteriophage
31. Chromosome fragment
Recessive Allele
Plasmid
Nucleotide
Bacteriophage
32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Translation
Nondisjunction
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Monohybrid Cross
33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Sex Linked Recessives
Double-Stranded Helix
Frameshift Mutation
Polyribosome
34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Filial (F generations)
Double-Stranded Helix
Alleles
Messenger mRNA
35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Lysogenic Cycle
Bacterial Genome
Testcross
36. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Ribosomes
P-site
Lytic Cycle
37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Genetics
Backcross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Repressible Systems
38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Ribosomes
P-site
Lagging Strand
Point Mutation
39. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Alleles
Promoter gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Anticodon
40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
A-site
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transcription
41. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Sex Linked
Purines
Conjugation
42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
A-site
Lyse
Incomplete Dominance
P-site
43. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked Recessives
Autosomes
Operon
Sex Linked
44. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Point Mutation
Anticodon
Testcross
Gene Mutation
45. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Punnet Square Diagram
Autosomes
Virulent
Homozygous
46. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Polypeptide Synthesis
Recombination
Crosses
Double-Stranded Helix
47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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48. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Mutations
Start Codon
Heredity
49. Short segments from lagging strand
Pyrimidines
P-site
Complementary Base-Pairing
Okazaki fragments
50. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Replication
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
P-site
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