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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may be a stop codon






2. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






7. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






8. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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9. Occurs when linked genes are separated






10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Organisms that carry two different alleles






12. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






15. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






16. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






17. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






18. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






21. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Adenine and guanine






26. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






27. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






31. Location of genes on DNA






32. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






33. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Progeny generations






36. New codon may code for the same amino acid






37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






40. Genetic makeup of an individual






41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






42. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






43. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






44. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






45. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






46. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






47. Cytosine and thymine






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)