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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Transformation
Codominance
Elongation
2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Lagging Strand
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
DNA Replication
3. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Frameshift Mutation
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Operon
4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
5. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Lagging Strand
DNA
Gene Mutation
Elongation
6. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Conjugation
Polypeptide Synthesis
Anticodon
Frameshift Mutation
7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Synonyms
Dihybrid Cross
Conjugation
8. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
Operon
Punnet Square Diagram
9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Regulator Gene
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Semiconservative
Mendelian Genetics
10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Heredity
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Nondisjunction
11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Transduction
Genotype
Chromosomes
12. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Gene
Environmental Factors
Genetic Code
Codominance
13. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Sex Linked
Pyrimidines
Lytic Cycle
Semiconservative
14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Lagging Strand
Transcription
Polypeptide Synthesis
Incomplete Dominance
15. Cell burst
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lyse
Environmental Factors
Anticodon
16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Varions
Silent Mutation
Episomes
Punnet Square Diagram
17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
DNA
Semiconservative
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Genetic Code
Backcross
Okazaki fragments
19. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Plasmid
DNA Replication
Double-Stranded Helix
Polyribosome
20. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Ribosomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
21. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Recombination
Bacteriophage
Gene Mutation
Synonyms
22. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Double-Stranded Helix
Dihybrid Cross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Regulator Gene
23. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Dihybrid Cross
Antibody resistance
Transcription
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Silent Mutation
Start Codon
Pyrimidines
Lytic Cycle
25. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Incomplete Dominance
Backcross
Point Mutation
Genetics
26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Autosomes
Translocation
Termination Codons
Dihybrid Cross
27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Promoter gene
Virulent
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription
28. New codon may be a stop codon
Elongation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nonsense Mutation
tRNA Job
29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Monohybrid Cross
Peptide Bond
Translation
Conjugation
30. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Homozygous
Mutable
Monohybrid Cross
31. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Termination Codons
Sex Linked
Testcross
Mutagenic Agents
32. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Incomplete Dominance
Drosophila Melanogaster
Antibody resistance
P-site
33. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lagging Strand
Environmental Factors
Termination Codons
34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Bacteriophage
Conjugation
Recombination
A-site
35. Cytosine and thymine
Backcross
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
DNA Replication
Pyrimidines
36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
A-site
Elongation
Heterozygous
37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
P-site
Sex Linked
Nucleotide
Heredity
38. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Filial (F generations)
Operon
Polypeptide Synthesis
Heterozygous
39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Bacterial Genome
Sex Linked Recessives
Polyribosome
40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
tRNA Job
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Drosophila Melanogaster
Pyrimidines
42. Basic unit of heredity
Alleles
Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Translation
43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Recessive Allele
Termination Codons
Monocistronic
Bacterial Replication
44. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Conjugation
Promoter gene
Double-Stranded Helix
Episomes
45. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Recessive Allele
Chromosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
46. Adenine and guanine
Bacterial Genome
Punnet Square Diagram
Purines
Nondisjunction
47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Nonsense Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Peptide Bond
Messenger mRNA
48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Double-Stranded Helix
Plasmids
Monocistronic
Autosomes
49. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Chromosomal Breakage
Lysogenic Cycle
Genetic Code
50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Silent Mutation
Purines
Polypeptide Synthesis
Frameshift Mutation