Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genetic makeup of an individual






2. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






6. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






7. Adenine and guanine






8. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






9. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






10. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






12. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






13. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






14. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Consists of structural genes






20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






22. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






25. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






26. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






27. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






28. Short segments from lagging strand






29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






30. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. Location of genes on DNA






36. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






38. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






39. New codon may be a stop codon






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Basic unit of heredity






42. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






44. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






45. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


47. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






48. Cell burst






49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis