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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






2. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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6. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






7. Basic unit of heredity






8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






10. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






12. Initiation - elongation - and termination






13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






15. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






16. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






18. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






21. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






22. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






23. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






24. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






26. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






27. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






28. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






31. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






32. Location of genes on DNA






33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. Cytosine and thymine






40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






41. Adenine and guanine






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






44. Individuals being crossed






45. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






50. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form







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