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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






2. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. Location of genes on DNA






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






10. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






11. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






13. Chromosome fragment






14. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






15. New codon may be a stop codon






16. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






21. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






22. Cytosine and thymine






23. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






24. Basic unit of heredity






25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






28. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Short segments from lagging strand






32. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






34. Organisms that carry two different alleles






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






37. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






38. Occurs when linked genes are separated






39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






40. Progeny generations






41. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






43. New codon may code for a different amino acid






44. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






45. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. Consists of structural genes






48. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


49. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






50. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex