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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






2. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






6. Chromosome fragment






7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






13. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. New codon may code for a different amino acid






19. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






20. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






21. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






22. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






25. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






27. Consists of structural genes






28. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






29. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






31. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






32. Short segments from lagging strand






33. Where protein synthesis occurs






34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






35. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






36. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






43. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






45. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






46. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






49. Genetic makeup of an individual






50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus