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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






2. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






4. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


6. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






9. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






10. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






11. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






12. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






13. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. Where protein synthesis occurs






18. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






19. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






23. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






26. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






27. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






30. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






32. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






33. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






40. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






44. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






46. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






47. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






48. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






49. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






50. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids