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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






4. Location of genes on DNA






5. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






6. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






7. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






14. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






15. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






16. Short segments from lagging strand






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






19. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






20. Chromosome fragment






21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






23. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. Cytosine and thymine






31. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






32. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






33. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






34. Genetic makeup of an individual






35. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






36. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






37. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






38. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






40. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. New codon may code for the same amino acid






43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






45. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA