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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytosine and thymine
Repressible Systems
Genotype
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Pyrimidines
2. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Virulent
Chromosomal Breakage
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Polypeptide Synthesis
3. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Double-Stranded Helix
Gene
Point Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Punnet Square Diagram
Operon
Translocation
5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Genetics
Sex Linked Recessives
Mendelian Genetics
Transcription
6. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Conjugation
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genetic Code
8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Monohybrid Cross
Autosomes
RNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Termination Codons
Elongation
Antibody resistance
Regulator Gene
10. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
11. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Genotype
Sex Linked Recessives
Pyrimidines
12. Chromosome fragment
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmid
RNA
Nucleotide
13. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Backcross
Plasmid
Promoter gene
14. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Ribosomes
Codominance
Sex Linked
Silent Mutation
15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Crosses
Plasmids
Incomplete Dominance
16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Environmental Factors
Anticodon
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Bacterial Replication
Testcross
Nondisjunction
DNA
18. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Drosophila Melanogaster
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
19. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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20. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Backcross
Codominance
Double-Stranded Helix
Transduction
21. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Start Codon
Silent Mutation
Recombination
22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Monohybrid Cross
Varions
Promoter gene
Mutagenic Agents
23. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Varions
Operator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
24. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Parental (P Generation)
Varions
Bacteriophage
Plasmids
25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Peptide Bond
Codons
Heredity
Translocation
27. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Heredity
Triplet Code
Bacteriophage
Phenotype
28. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Complementary Base-Pairing
Polypeptide Synthesis
tRNA Job
Ribosomes
29. Basic unit of heredity
Transcription
Termination Codons
Start Codon
Gene
30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Chromosomes
RNA
Bacterial Genome
Environmental Factors
31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Alleles
Mutagenic Agents
Start Codon
32. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Semiconservative
Chromosomes
33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Dominant Allele
Lagging Strand
Nucleotide
Autosomes
34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Backcross
Nonsense Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
P-site
35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Synonyms
Recombination
Polyribosome
Binary fission
36. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked
Recessive Allele
Monocistronic
37. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Frameshift Mutation
Backcross
Promoter gene
Peptide Bond
38. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Punnet Square Diagram
Environmental Factors
Start Codon
Transcription
39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Bacterial Replication
Translocation
Inducible Systems
Virulent
40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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41. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Triplet Code
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Varions
Bacterial Replication
42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Repressible Systems
Operator Gene
Point Mutation
43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Ribosomes
Alleles
Frameshift Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Repressible Systems
Polyribosome
Termination Codons
Conjugation
45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Nucleotide
Lytic Cycle
Leading Strand
Alleles
46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Episomes
Leading Strand
Nonsense Mutation
47. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Nucleotide
Genetics
Bacterial Replication
Operon
48. Consists of structural genes
A-site
Elongation
Operon
Testcross
49. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Episomes
tRNA Job
Recombination
Translocation
50. Short segments from lagging strand
Genotype
Okazaki fragments
Messenger mRNA
Nondisjunction
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