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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Transcription
Homozygous
Inducible Systems
Chromosomes
2. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Point Mutation
Nondisjunction
Recombination
Lagging Strand
3. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Nondisjunction
Bacterial Replication
Chromosomes
Sex Linked
4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Punnet Square Diagram
Bacteriophage
Codominance
5. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
DNA Replication
Alleles
Genotype
A-site
6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Virulent
Bacterial Genome
Parental (P Generation)
Translation
7. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Promoter gene
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Termination Codons
Transformation
tRNA Job
Bacteriophage
9. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Codons
Bacteriophage
Mutagenic Agents
10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Mutations
Lyse
Lagging Strand
11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Anticodon
Testcross
Nondisjunction
12. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Phenotype
Inducible Systems
Mutations
13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Backcross
Genetics
Okazaki fragments
Polypeptide Synthesis
14. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Alleles
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Incomplete Dominance
15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Triplet Code
Bacteriophage
Translocation
16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
Gene Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
17. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Purines
Elongation
18. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Nondisjunction
Dihybrid Cross
Backcross
Binary fission
19. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
DNA
Parental (P Generation)
Mutagenic Agents
20. New codon may be a stop codon
Episomes
Nonsense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Plasmid
21. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Transcription
Drosophila Melanogaster
Antibody resistance
22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
P-site
Dihybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross
Complementary Base-Pairing
23. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Translocation
Punnet Square Diagram
Transformation
Plasmids
24. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Nondisjunction
Lytic Cycle
Punnet Square Diagram
tRNA Job
25. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Genotype
Leading Strand
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Synonyms
Ribosomes
Missense Mutation
27. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Start Codon
Leading Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
28. Short segments from lagging strand
Frameshift Mutation
Conjugation
Episomes
Okazaki fragments
29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Conjugation
Parental (P Generation)
Antibody resistance
Virulent
30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Heterozygous
Regulator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
Operator Gene
31. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Genetic Code
Messenger mRNA
Antibody resistance
Heterozygous
32. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Mendelian Genetics
Autosomes
Dominant Allele
33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Conjugation
Codominance
Binary fission
Operator Gene
34. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Bacterial Genome
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Alleles
DNA Replication
35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Chromosomes
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Conjugation
36. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
RNA
Pyrimidines
Inducible Systems
Transformation
37. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Nonsense Mutation
Gene Mutation
Dominant Allele
Silent Mutation
38. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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39. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Plasmids
Genotype
RNA
40. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Gene Mutation
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
41. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Bacterial Genome
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
43. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Filial (F generations)
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Plasmids
44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Elongation
Start Codon
Sex Linked Recessives
Synonyms
45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Genetic Code
Sex Linked Recessives
Genetics
46. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Ribosomes
Peptide Bond
Chromosomes
47. Individuals being crossed
Messenger mRNA
A-site
Punnet Square Diagram
Parental (P Generation)
48. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Mutations
Ribosomes
Double-Stranded Helix
Conjugation
49. Cell burst
Lyse
Genotype
Termination Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
50. Where protein synthesis occurs
Alleles
Nonsense Mutation
Ribosomes
Plasmids