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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






3. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






4. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






5. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






6. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






7. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






8. Where protein synthesis occurs






9. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






10. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






12. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






15. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






16. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






21. Consists of structural genes






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






24. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


25. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






30. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






32. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






33. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






36. Initiation - elongation - and termination






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






39. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






41. Chromosome fragment






42. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






43. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






44. Occurs when linked genes are separated






45. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






46. Organisms that carry two different alleles






47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes