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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Promoter gene
Triplet Code
Complementary Base-Pairing
2. Adenine and guanine
Transduction
Purines
Polyribosome
Silent Mutation
3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Pyrimidines
Alleles
4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Repressible Systems
Operon
DNA Replication
5. New codon may be a stop codon
Mutations
Nonsense Mutation
Bacteriophage
Translocation
6. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
P-site
Nucleotide
Alleles
Repressible Systems
7. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Codons
Sex Linked Recessives
Drosophila Melanogaster
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Bacteriophage
Genetic Code
DNA
Translation
9. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Monocistronic
Dominant Allele
Alleles
P-site
10. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Heterozygous
Codons
Genetic Code
11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Crosses
Mendelian Genetics
12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Codons
Mutations
Translation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Virulent
Transformation
Leading Strand
Missense Mutation
14. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Pyrimidines
Promoter gene
Nondisjunction
15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Parental (P Generation)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomes
A-site
16. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
RNA
Regulator Gene
Frameshift Mutation
Operon
17. Where protein synthesis occurs
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
Operon
Lyse
18. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Double-Stranded Helix
Homozygous
Conjugation
Translocation
19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Crosses
Transformation
Environmental Factors
Promoter gene
20. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
Inducible Systems
Antibody resistance
Heterozygous
21. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Chromosomal Breakage
Lagging Strand
Mutable
22. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Bacterial Replication
Autosomes
Mutations
Regulator Gene
23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Heredity
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polyribosome
Inducible Systems
24. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Nucleotide
Dihybrid Cross
Gene
Filial (F generations)
25. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Promoter gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
26. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Dominant Allele
Repressible Systems
Phenotype
27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Genetics
Frameshift Mutation
Ribosomes
Antibody resistance
28. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Antibody resistance
Complementary Base-Pairing
Monocistronic
Polypeptide Synthesis
29. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Ribosomes
Translocation
Mendelian Genetics
Heredity
30. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Complementary Base-Pairing
Autosomes
Silent Mutation
Start Codon
31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmids
Semiconservative
Transduction
32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Pyrimidines
33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Lagging Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomes
A-site
34. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Plasmid
Promoter gene
Nucleotide
P-site
35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Genetic Code
Monocistronic
DNA
Nucleotide
36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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37. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Filial (F generations)
Polyribosome
Missense Mutation
Bacterial Replication
38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Operon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genetics
Dominant Allele
39. Cytosine and thymine
Plasmids
Pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
40. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Recessive Allele
Virulent
Okazaki fragments
41. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Lysogenic Cycle
Missense Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Incomplete Dominance
42. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Episomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Monohybrid Cross
43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Inducible Systems
Bacteriophage
Conjugation
Phenotype
44. Individuals being crossed
Genotype
Monocistronic
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomes
45. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Sex Linked Recessives
Binary fission
Varions
Lytic Cycle
46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Complementary Base-Pairing
Dominant Allele
Gene Mutation
Anticodon
47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Punnet Square Diagram
Dihybrid Cross
Synonyms
48. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Polyribosome
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Missense Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
49. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
Testcross
Termination Codons
50. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Codons
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Phenotype