Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






3. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






4. Cell burst






5. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






6. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






7. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






8. New codon may code for a different amino acid






9. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






10. Progeny generations






11. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






14. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






15. Genetic makeup of an individual






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






20. New codon may code for the same amino acid






21. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


24. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






32. Where protein synthesis occurs






33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






35. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






36. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Organisms that carry two different alleles






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






41. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Initiation - elongation - and termination






44. Occurs when linked genes are separated






45. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






47. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






48. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA