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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






2. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






5. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






6. Progeny generations






7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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8. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






12. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Short segments from lagging strand






18. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






19. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






22. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






24. Cytosine and thymine






25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






30. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






31. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






34. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






35. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. Cell burst






40. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






41. Consists of structural genes






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. Occurs when linked genes are separated






44. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






45. Genetic makeup of an individual






46. New codon may code for a different amino acid






47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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48. Initiation - elongation - and termination






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. New codon may code for the same amino acid