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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






2. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






4. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






5. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






6. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


8. Where protein synthesis occurs






9. Occurs when linked genes are separated






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. Short segments from lagging strand






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






15. Initiation - elongation - and termination






16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






17. Chromosome fragment






18. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






19. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






21. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






24. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


25. New codon may be a stop codon






26. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






27. Location of genes on DNA






28. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






29. Genetic makeup of an individual






30. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






31. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






32. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






33. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






34. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






36. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






37. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






38. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






39. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






40. Consists of structural genes






41. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






46. Cell burst






47. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments