Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






2. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


3. Basic unit of heredity






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






8. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






9. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






10. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






17. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






18. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


20. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






21. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






22. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






23. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






24. Individuals being crossed






25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






26. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






27. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






30. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






32. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






36. Chromosome fragment






37. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






38. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






40. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






41. New codon may code for the same amino acid






42. New codon may code for a different amino acid






43. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






44. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Organisms that carry two different alleles






46. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






47. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






48. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






49. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






50. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then