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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Mutagenic Agents
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Anticodon
2. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Ribosomes
Monocistronic
Nucleotide
Dominant Allele
3. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Silent Mutation
Triplet Code
Elongation
4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Point Mutation
Recessive Allele
Gene Mutation
5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Peptide Bond
Chromosomes
Codons
DNA
6. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Incomplete Dominance
Codons
Recombination
Autosomes
7. Cell burst
Peptide Bond
Lyse
Filial (F generations)
Incomplete Dominance
8. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Missense Mutation
Monocistronic
Mutable
9. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Polypeptide Synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Plasmid
Triplet Code
10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
DNA Replication
Regulator Gene
Genotype
A-site
11. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Peptide Bond
Filial (F generations)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Messenger mRNA
12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Genetic Code
A-site
Testcross
Point Mutation
13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Phenotype
Recessive Allele
Bacteriophage
Mendelian Genetics
14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Bacteriophage
Genetic Code
Transcription
Lysogenic Cycle
15. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Sex Linked Recessives
Transduction
Autosomes
Sex Linked
16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Recessive Allele
Termination Codons
Point Mutation
17. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Inducible Systems
Dihybrid Cross
Point Mutation
18. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transcription
Autosomes
Heterozygous
19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Operon
Messenger mRNA
Translocation
Heredity
20. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Promoter gene
Termination Codons
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Genome
21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Mutagenic Agents
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Chromosomal Breakage
Antibody resistance
22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
RNA
Heredity
Environmental Factors
Punnet Square Diagram
23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Plasmids
tRNA Job
Phenotype
24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Start Codon
Crosses
Leading Strand
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Monohybrid Cross
Sex Linked Recessives
Monocistronic
Semiconservative
26. Individuals being crossed
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lysogenic Cycle
Parental (P Generation)
Operon
27. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Varions
A-site
Plasmid
Heterozygous
28. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Virulent
Plasmid
P-site
29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Transformation
Polyribosome
Mutable
Point Mutation
30. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Chromosomes
Filial (F generations)
Codons
31. Genetic makeup of an individual
Parental (P Generation)
Repressible Systems
Genotype
Punnet Square Diagram
32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Chromosomes
Homozygous
Conjugation
Drosophila Melanogaster
33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Conjugation
Codominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Testcross
34. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Environmental Factors
Mutagenic Agents
DNA Replication
Sex Linked
35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Recessive Allele
Polypeptide Synthesis
Testcross
Drosophila Melanogaster
36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Dihybrid Cross
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Codons
Termination Codons
Plasmids
Polyribosome
38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Promoter gene
Gene
Environmental Factors
39. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Environmental Factors
Mutagenic Agents
Drosophila Melanogaster
40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Binary fission
Anticodon
Lytic Cycle
DNA Replication
41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Transcription
Operon
Mendelian Genetics
42. Basic unit of heredity
Sex Linked
Bacterial Replication
Nonsense Mutation
Gene
43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Mutable
Codominance
tRNA Job
44. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Start Codon
Codons
Double-Stranded Helix
45. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Lytic Cycle
Homozygous
Lagging Strand
Silent Mutation
46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Bacterial Replication
Anticodon
Virulent
Polyribosome
47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Sex Linked
Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
P-site
48. New codon may be a stop codon
Plasmid
Nonsense Mutation
Chromosomes
Translation
49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Sex Linked Recessives
Leading Strand
Alleles
50. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Gene Mutation
Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
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