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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






2. Cytosine and thymine






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






6. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






7. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






8. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






10. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






11. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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12. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






13. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






20. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






21. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






22. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






23. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






27. New codon may code for a different amino acid






28. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






31. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






32. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






38. Consists of structural genes






39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






40. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






41. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






42. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






44. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






45. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






46. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






47. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






48. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






49. Where protein synthesis occurs






50. Occurs when linked genes are separated







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