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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






4. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






15. Short segments from lagging strand






16. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






19. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






20. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






21. Initiation - elongation - and termination






22. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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28. Location of genes on DNA






29. Consists of structural genes






30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






31. Where protein synthesis occurs






32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






33. Basic unit of heredity






34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






38. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






39. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






45. Genetic makeup of an individual






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






48. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






49. Adenine and guanine






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets







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