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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






3. Initiation - elongation - and termination






4. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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5. New codon may code for a different amino acid






6. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






7. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






10. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






12. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






13. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






14. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






15. Individuals being crossed






16. New codon may code for the same amino acid






17. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






18. Chromosome fragment






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






21. Cytosine and thymine






22. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






23. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






25. Consists of structural genes






26. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. Location of genes on DNA






32. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






33. Where protein synthesis occurs






34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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35. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






36. Genetic makeup of an individual






37. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






38. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






39. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






40. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






41. Short segments from lagging strand






42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






44. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






45. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Organisms that carry two different alleles