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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Nondisjunction
Operator Gene
Termination Codons
Mutagenic Agents
2. Genetic makeup of an individual
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
Repressible Systems
Genotype
3. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Start Codon
Plasmid
Codominance
Drosophila Melanogaster
4. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Lyse
Bacteriophage
Gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
5. Location of genes on DNA
Start Codon
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendelian Genetics
Chromosomes
6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Start Codon
Pyrimidines
8. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Antibody resistance
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
Testcross
9. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Varions
Antibody resistance
Semiconservative
Bacterial Genome
10. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Alleles
Operon
Plasmids
Point Mutation
11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Genetic Code
Silent Mutation
P-site
Parental (P Generation)
12. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monohybrid Cross
13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Mutations
RNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Conjugation
14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Testcross
P-site
Promoter gene
15. Cell burst
Lyse
Peptide Bond
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genetics
16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
A-site
Transcription
Varions
17. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Mendelian Genetics
Bacteriophage
Transcription
Point Mutation
18. Adenine and guanine
Bacterial Genome
Purines
Plasmid
Transduction
19. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Genotype
Virulent
Phenotype
Sex Linked Recessives
20. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Semiconservative
Binary fission
Frameshift Mutation
21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Okazaki fragments
Environmental Factors
A-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Codominance
Regulator Gene
Varions
24. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Binary fission
A-site
Crosses
Messenger mRNA
25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Environmental Factors
Translocation
Messenger mRNA
26. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Promoter gene
Lagging Strand
DNA
Okazaki fragments
27. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Lyse
Transduction
Conjugation
Promoter gene
28. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Heredity
DNA
Gene
Sex Linked
29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Heterozygous
Termination Codons
Translocation
30. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Codominance
Antibody resistance
Codons
Crosses
31. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Transcription
Codons
tRNA Job
Conjugation
32. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Elongation
Heterozygous
Transformation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
33. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Sex Linked Recessives
Environmental Factors
Conjugation
Lagging Strand
34. Short segments from lagging strand
Leading Strand
Okazaki fragments
Start Codon
Frameshift Mutation
35. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Anticodon
Missense Mutation
Nondisjunction
36. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Nonsense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Monohybrid Cross
Nucleotide
37. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Plasmid
Bacterial Replication
Recessive Allele
Operon
38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
DNA
Recombination
39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Regulator Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Transformation
Anticodon
40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Punnet Square Diagram
Nucleotide
Bacterial Replication
41. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
tRNA Job
Leading Strand
Frameshift Mutation
Alleles
42. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Backcross
43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Promoter gene
Polyribosome
Inducer-Repressor Complex
44. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacterial Genome
Peptide Bond
Gene Mutation
45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Lyse
Nondisjunction
Mendelian Genetics
46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Inducible Systems
Nonsense Mutation
Conjugation
Virulent
47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Inducible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
Sex Linked Recessives
48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Point Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Environmental Factors
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
49. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Homozygous
Peptide Bond
Autosomes
Antibody resistance
50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Gene
Bacteriophage
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Complementary Base-Pairing