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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






2. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






12. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






13. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






15. Organisms that carry two different alleles






16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






17. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






18. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






19. Location of genes on DNA






20. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






23. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






24. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






25. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






26. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






27. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






30. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






32. Chromosome fragment






33. Adenine and guanine






34. New codon may code for the same amino acid






35. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






36. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






37. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






38. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






41. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






44. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






45. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






47. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






48. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






49. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






50. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously