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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Triplet Code
Conjugation
Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
2. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Binary fission
Double-Stranded Helix
Environmental Factors
3. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Gene Mutation
Genetics
Mutations
DNA
4. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
A-site
Transcription
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Sex Linked
5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Mutable
A-site
Ribosomes
Codominance
6. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Point Mutation
Inducible Systems
Crosses
7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Gene Mutation
Genetics
Varions
Peptide Bond
9. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Lagging Strand
Anticodon
Homozygous
Monocistronic
10. Genetic makeup of an individual
A-site
Transformation
Bacterial Genome
Genotype
11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Environmental Factors
Ribosomes
Termination Codons
12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Polypeptide Synthesis
Monocistronic
Lytic Cycle
13. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Polypeptide Synthesis
DNA Replication
14. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Inducible Systems
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Chromosomes
15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Homozygous
Virulent
Ribosomes
Nucleotide
16. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
A-site
Codominance
RNA
Monocistronic
17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Gene
DNA Replication
Phenotype
Lyse
18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Alleles
Gene Mutation
Start Codon
Chromosomes
19. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Termination Codons
Heredity
Regulator Gene
20. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
DNA
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
Backcross
21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
RNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Punnet Square Diagram
Inducer-Repressor Complex
22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Operon
Monocistronic
Ribosomes
23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Translocation
Repressible Systems
Varions
Alleles
24. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Start Codon
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Point Mutation
P-site
25. Consists of structural genes
Repressible Systems
Dihybrid Cross
Mendelian Genetics
Operon
26. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Peptide Bond
Chromosomes
Recessive Allele
Sex Linked Recessives
27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Conjugation
Genetic Code
Monocistronic
Frameshift Mutation
28. Cell burst
Leading Strand
Lyse
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Testcross
29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Transcription
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Homozygous
Elongation
30. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Drosophila Melanogaster
Testcross
Crosses
Missense Mutation
31. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Bacterial Replication
Transformation
Sex Linked Recessives
Monocistronic
32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Punnet Square Diagram
Triplet Code
Filial (F generations)
33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Lysogenic Cycle
Sex Linked
Triplet Code
Elongation
34. Location of genes on DNA
Ribosomes
DNA
Chromosomes
Mutagenic Agents
35. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Regulator Gene
Frameshift Mutation
Termination Codons
Ribosomes
36. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Operon
Autosomes
Conjugation
Drosophila Melanogaster
37. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Phenotype
Binary fission
38. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Translation
Lysogenic Cycle
Silent Mutation
Transcription
39. Chromosome fragment
Frameshift Mutation
Recessive Allele
Sex Linked
Plasmid
40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Lagging Strand
tRNA Job
Chromosomes
DNA
41. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Testcross
Okazaki fragments
Nondisjunction
42. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
RNA
Testcross
Antibody resistance
Plasmid
43. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Autosomes
Monohybrid Cross
Lyse
44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
DNA
Translocation
Mendelian Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Environmental Factors
Elongation
Homozygous
Silent Mutation
46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Binary fission
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
tRNA Job
47. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Elongation
Promoter gene
Peptide Bond
Backcross
48. Cytosine and thymine
Frameshift Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Pyrimidines
Mutagenic Agents
49. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Conjugation
Backcross
Codominance
Operator Gene
50. Progeny generations
Promoter gene
Filial (F generations)
Purines
Varions