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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity






2. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






3. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






4. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






6. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






7. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






12. Occurs when linked genes are separated






13. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






14. Organisms that carry two different alleles






15. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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16. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






18. Short segments from lagging strand






19. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






20. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






23. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






25. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






26. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






27. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






28. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






30. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






31. Adenine and guanine






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






34. New codon may code for a different amino acid






35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






36. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






37. Chromosome fragment






38. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






40. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






41. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






42. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






43. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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44. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






46. Where protein synthesis occurs






47. New codon may be a stop codon






48. Location of genes on DNA






49. New codon may code for the same amino acid






50. Initiation - elongation - and termination