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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






4. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






5. Initiation - elongation - and termination






6. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






8. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






9. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


11. Chromosome fragment






12. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






13. Cell burst






14. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






15. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Adenine and guanine






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. Consists of structural genes






20. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






21. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






24. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






26. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






27. Occurs when linked genes are separated






28. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






29. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






31. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






32. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






35. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






40. Progeny generations






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






43. Short segments from lagging strand






44. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






45. New codon may code for a different amino acid






46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






47. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






48. Genetic makeup of an individual






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor