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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






2. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






7. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






8. Progeny generations






9. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






10. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


13. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






14. New codon may code for the same amino acid






15. Basic unit of heredity






16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






17. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






18. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






19. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






22. Individuals being crossed






23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






24. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






26. Adenine and guanine






27. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






28. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






30. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Location of genes on DNA






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






35. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






39. Chromosome fragment






40. Short segments from lagging strand






41. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






42. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






44. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






45. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






46. Occurs when linked genes are separated






47. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






50. Cytosine and thymine