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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






4. Cell burst






5. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






12. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






14. Short segments from lagging strand






15. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






16. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






17. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






22. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






23. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






25. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






26. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






27. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. New codon may code for the same amino acid






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Organisms that carry two different alleles






31. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






32. Adenine and guanine






33. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






34. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






35. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






36. Individuals being crossed






37. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






38. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






39. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






42. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






43. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


48. Initiation - elongation - and termination






49. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness