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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Environmental Factors
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Complementary Base-Pairing
2. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
DNA
Start Codon
Crosses
Repressible Systems
3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Point Mutation
Translation
Episomes
Alleles
4. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Gene Mutation
Synonyms
DNA Replication
5. Chromosome fragment
Mutations
Plasmid
Lagging Strand
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
6. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Bacterial Replication
Complementary Base-Pairing
Dominant Allele
Messenger mRNA
7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Peptide Bond
P-site
Okazaki fragments
Nondisjunction
9. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Conjugation
Missense Mutation
Bacterial Genome
Genotype
10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
Episomes
Binary fission
11. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Gene Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
Genetic Code
Leading Strand
12. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Nondisjunction
Homozygous
Lagging Strand
Chromosomal Breakage
13. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Operon
Okazaki fragments
Inducible Systems
14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Translocation
Lytic Cycle
Silent Mutation
15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked
Polypeptide Synthesis
Sex Linked Recessives
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
16. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Okazaki fragments
DNA
Sex Linked
Ribosomes
17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Gene Mutation
Ribosomes
Genetic Code
Punnet Square Diagram
18. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Regulator Gene
Promoter gene
Episomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
19. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Chromosomal Breakage
Codons
Phenotype
Promoter gene
20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Polypeptide Synthesis
Semiconservative
Virulent
21. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Transformation
Genetic Code
Incomplete Dominance
22. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Heredity
Frameshift Mutation
Varions
Translocation
23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Missense Mutation
Point Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
24. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Start Codon
Incomplete Dominance
Recessive Allele
Ribosomes
26. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Semiconservative
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nonsense Mutation
DNA
27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Virulent
Inducible Systems
Regulator Gene
28. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Start Codon
Mendelian Genetics
Elongation
Heterozygous
29. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Regulator Gene
Complementary Base-Pairing
A-site
Leading Strand
30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Leading Strand
Frameshift Mutation
31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Plasmid
Parental (P Generation)
Bacterial Replication
Homozygous
32. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Leading Strand
Filial (F generations)
Polyribosome
33. New codon may be a stop codon
DNA
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
Nonsense Mutation
34. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Monocistronic
Missense Mutation
Operon
35. Individuals being crossed
DNA Replication
Heterozygous
Codominance
Parental (P Generation)
36. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Monocistronic
Mendelian Genetics
Double-Stranded Helix
37. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Polyribosome
RNA
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
38. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Recessive Allele
Polypeptide Synthesis
Synonyms
Testcross
39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Complementary Base-Pairing
Anticodon
Testcross
Environmental Factors
40. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Incomplete Dominance
Bacterial Replication
Mendelian Genetics
41. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Bacteriophage
Episomes
Filial (F generations)
Chromosomal Breakage
42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Dominant Allele
Lyse
Mutagenic Agents
Peptide Bond
43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Incomplete Dominance
Varions
Lytic Cycle
Point Mutation
44. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Leading Strand
Operator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Inducer-Repressor Complex
45. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
DNA
Incomplete Dominance
Repressible Systems
Bacteriophage
46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Autosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Mendelian Genetics
Binary fission
47. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Point Mutation
Leading Strand
Bacterial Replication
48. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Gene
Regulator Gene
Transformation
P-site
49. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Triplet Code
Monohybrid Cross
Synonyms
Peptide Bond
50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Incomplete Dominance
Dihybrid Cross
Elongation
Homozygous