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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






2. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






5. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






10. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






11. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






13. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






14. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






15. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






16. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






20. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






22. Initiation - elongation - and termination






23. Cell burst






24. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






27. Adenine and guanine






28. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






29. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






30. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






32. Where protein synthesis occurs






33. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Consists of structural genes






36. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






37. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






38. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






42. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






43. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






44. Cytosine and thymine






45. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






47. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






48. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






49. Chromosome fragment






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele