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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






4. Cell burst






5. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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16. New codon may code for the same amino acid






17. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






20. Chromosome fragment






21. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






23. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






24. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






25. Occurs when linked genes are separated






26. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






32. Genetic makeup of an individual






33. Adenine and guanine






34. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






38. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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39. Progeny generations






40. Where protein synthesis occurs






41. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






42. Cytosine and thymine






43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






44. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






45. Consists of structural genes






46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






48. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






49. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes