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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






4. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






5. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






6. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






7. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






8. New codon may code for a different amino acid






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






11. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






12. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






15. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






17. Organisms that carry two different alleles






18. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






19. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






22. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






23. Consists of structural genes






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






26. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






28. New codon may code for the same amino acid






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






31. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Basic unit of heredity






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






37. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. Chromosome fragment






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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42. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






43. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






45. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






46. Short segments from lagging strand






47. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






48. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






49. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






50. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis