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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Operon
Bacteriophage
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Regulator Gene
2. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Operon
Missense Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Lysogenic Cycle
3. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Nondisjunction
Inducible Systems
Point Mutation
Crosses
4. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Virulent
Dihybrid Cross
Start Codon
5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Lysogenic Cycle
Operator Gene
Binary fission
Double-Stranded Helix
6. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Start Codon
Binary fission
Bacterial Replication
Operon
7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Sex Linked
Bacterial Replication
A-site
Translation
8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Genetic Code
Mendelian Genetics
Parental (P Generation)
Nondisjunction
9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Heterozygous
Backcross
Nondisjunction
10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
Mutable
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Mendelian Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Codons
12. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Polyribosome
Transformation
Semiconservative
A-site
13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
Transcription
14. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Regulator Gene
Promoter gene
Double-Stranded Helix
Monocistronic
15. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Varions
Synonyms
Triplet Code
16. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Sex Linked
Backcross
Transduction
Plasmids
17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Bacterial Replication
Episomes
Ribosomes
18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Incomplete Dominance
Virulent
Purines
19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Plasmids
Messenger mRNA
Dominant Allele
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
20. Location of genes on DNA
Genetics
Chromosomes
Regulator Gene
Conjugation
21. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Anticodon
Genetics
Okazaki fragments
Mutations
22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Plasmids
Lyse
Anticodon
Punnet Square Diagram
23. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Genotype
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendelian Genetics
Termination Codons
24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Mutagenic Agents
Monocistronic
Okazaki fragments
25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Genotype
Nondisjunction
Mutable
Point Mutation
26. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Heterozygous
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
Crosses
27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Triplet Code
Monohybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
Gene Mutation
28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Sex Linked
Start Codon
Purines
Inducer-Repressor Complex
29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Homozygous
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Genetic Code
Okazaki fragments
30. New codon may be a stop codon
DNA
Nonsense Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Plasmid
31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Lagging Strand
Point Mutation
Operon
32. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Monocistronic
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lyse
33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Conjugation
Lytic Cycle
Translation
Synonyms
34. Where protein synthesis occurs
Gene
Virulent
Genetic Code
Ribosomes
35. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Peptide Bond
Gene Mutation
Chromosomes
Translation
36. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Nondisjunction
Monohybrid Cross
37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Translocation
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Anticodon
Monocistronic
Mutagenic Agents
Polypeptide Synthesis
39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Lytic Cycle
Lyse
Sex Linked
Plasmids
40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Inducible Systems
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Virulent
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
41. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Dominant Allele
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Bacterial Genome
Backcross
42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Bacterial Genome
Polyribosome
Heterozygous
Testcross
43. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Purines
Ribosomes
44. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Leading Strand
Point Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Episomes
Elongation
DNA
Start Codon
46. Progeny generations
Leading Strand
Filial (F generations)
Okazaki fragments
Synonyms
47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Silent Mutation
Testcross
Frameshift Mutation
Gene
48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Nondisjunction
Antibody resistance
Ribosomes
49. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Lytic Cycle
Heredity
Purines
Regulator Gene
50. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Dominant Allele
Episomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex