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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Phenotype
Bacteriophage
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Heredity
Termination Codons
Gene Mutation
Genetics
3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Genetic Code
Plasmid
Filial (F generations)
Promoter gene
4. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Termination Codons
tRNA Job
Operator Gene
5. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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6. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Plasmid
Polypeptide Synthesis
Incomplete Dominance
7. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Operator Gene
Codons
Translation
8. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
Codominance
Monocistronic
9. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Genetics
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polypeptide Synthesis
Genetic Code
10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacteriophage
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Bacterial Genome
11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Okazaki fragments
Antibody resistance
Heterozygous
Bacterial Replication
12. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Plasmids
Parental (P Generation)
Promoter gene
13. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Codons
Nondisjunction
Start Codon
Monohybrid Cross
14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Transcription
Ribosomes
Heterozygous
Chromosomes
15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Nondisjunction
Homozygous
Mendelian Genetics
Point Mutation
16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Plasmids
Codominance
Crosses
17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Inducible Systems
Point Mutation
Leading Strand
18. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Virulent
Nonsense Mutation
Transformation
19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Silent Mutation
Homozygous
P-site
Incomplete Dominance
20. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Backcross
Episomes
Recessive Allele
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
21. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Point Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
22. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Polypeptide Synthesis
Triplet Code
Translocation
23. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Binary fission
Lyse
Polyribosome
Sex Linked
24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Inducible Systems
DNA Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
25. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Genetic Code
Monohybrid Cross
Regulator Gene
DNA Replication
26. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Bacterial Genome
Promoter gene
Lyse
Dominant Allele
27. Genetic makeup of an individual
Start Codon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Episomes
28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Filial (F generations)
Mendelian Genetics
Transformation
29. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Gene
Mutable
Start Codon
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
30. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Varions
Start Codon
Episomes
31. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Environmental Factors
Translation
Mendelian Genetics
Sex Linked
32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Lysogenic Cycle
Codons
Nondisjunction
33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Genetic Code
Messenger mRNA
DNA Replication
34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Leading Strand
Nonsense Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translation
35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Recombination
Mutations
Transcription
A-site
36. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Codons
Environmental Factors
Monohybrid Cross
Dihybrid Cross
37. Short segments from lagging strand
Point Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Incomplete Dominance
Recessive Allele
38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Bacterial Replication
Codons
tRNA Job
Purines
39. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Monohybrid Cross
Punnet Square Diagram
Binary fission
Frameshift Mutation
40. Consists of structural genes
Ribosomes
Operon
Regulator Gene
Backcross
41. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Repressible Systems
Dihybrid Cross
Mendelian Genetics
Mutations
42. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Alleles
DNA
Bacterial Replication
Triplet Code
43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Virulent
Nonsense Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Elongation
44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Anticodon
Filial (F generations)
Homozygous
45. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Codominance
Lytic Cycle
Termination Codons
46. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Genotype
Punnet Square Diagram
Promoter gene
Mutable
47. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
P-site
Sex Linked
Virulent
48. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lytic Cycle
Testcross
Frameshift Mutation
49. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Crosses
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Double-Stranded Helix
Nucleotide
50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Lysogenic Cycle
Plasmids
Translation
Okazaki fragments