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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Individuals being crossed






6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






7. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






8. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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9. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






10. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






11. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






17. Consists of structural genes






18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






20. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






22. Cell burst






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






30. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






31. Occurs when linked genes are separated






32. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






33. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






34. New codon may code for the same amino acid






35. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






36. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






39. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






45. Adenine and guanine






46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






47. Initiation - elongation - and termination






48. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






50. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors