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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






4. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






6. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






9. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






10. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. Short segments from lagging strand






13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Where protein synthesis occurs






16. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






18. Progeny generations






19. Cytosine and thymine






20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






22. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






23. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






25. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






26. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






27. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






28. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






29. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






30. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






31. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






32. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






33. Adenine and guanine






34. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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37. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






38. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






39. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






44. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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45. New codon may code for the same amino acid






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Genetic makeup of an individual






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. Chromosome fragment






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)