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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






2. New codon may code for the same amino acid






3. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






4. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


8. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






11. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






12. Where protein synthesis occurs






13. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






15. Progeny generations






16. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






19. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






20. Consists of structural genes






21. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. Basic unit of heredity






27. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






30. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






31. Occurs when linked genes are separated






32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






36. New codon may be a stop codon






37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






38. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






39. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






45. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






50. Cell burst