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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Polypeptide Synthesis
Nondisjunction
RNA
Silent Mutation
2. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Polyribosome
Bacterial Replication
Purines
Ribosomes
3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Triplet Code
Genotype
Genetic Code
Episomes
4. Adenine and guanine
Missense Mutation
Genetics
Dominant Allele
Purines
5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Operon
tRNA Job
Promoter gene
6. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Plasmid
Okazaki fragments
Regulator Gene
7. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Environmental Factors
Transcription
Heterozygous
Triplet Code
8. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Synonyms
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Peptide Bond
Varions
9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Transcription
Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
10. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Mendelian Genetics
Frameshift Mutation
Gene Mutation
Ribosomes
11. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Filial (F generations)
Start Codon
Termination Codons
Alleles
12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Genetics
Triplet Code
Transcription
13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Purines
Lagging Strand
Polyribosome
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
14. Location of genes on DNA
Binary fission
Translation
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
15. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Chromosomes
Varions
Conjugation
Operon
16. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Termination Codons
Repressible Systems
17. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
tRNA Job
Polypeptide Synthesis
Monohybrid Cross
18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Translation
Antibody resistance
Codons
Phenotype
19. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Dominant Allele
Nucleotide
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Genome
20. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Start Codon
Silent Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
21. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Peptide Bond
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Alleles
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
22. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Transduction
Genotype
Codons
Peptide Bond
23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Promoter gene
Lyse
Monohybrid Cross
Mutable
24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Homozygous
Mutagenic Agents
25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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26. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Varions
Okazaki fragments
Semiconservative
Repressible Systems
27. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Conjugation
Backcross
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nondisjunction
28. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Autosomes
Transcription
Nondisjunction
Virulent
29. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Mutable
Testcross
Promoter gene
Ribosomes
30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transformation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lytic Cycle
31. Where protein synthesis occurs
Lysogenic Cycle
Elongation
Ribosomes
Parental (P Generation)
32. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Promoter gene
Alleles
Transduction
33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Backcross
Genotype
34. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Mutations
RNA
Alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Frameshift Mutation
Triplet Code
Termination Codons
P-site
36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Dihybrid Cross
Translation
Semiconservative
Recessive Allele
37. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Backcross
tRNA Job
Lytic Cycle
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
38. Cell burst
Lyse
Frameshift Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Gene Mutation
39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
tRNA Job
Transcription
Inducible Systems
Bacteriophage
40. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Varions
Start Codon
Genetic Code
P-site
41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Transformation
tRNA Job
Drosophila Melanogaster
Varions
42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Heterozygous
Translocation
Synonyms
Lagging Strand
44. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Monohybrid Cross
Transcription
Inducible Systems
45. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
DNA
Recessive Allele
Lyse
Transformation
46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Filial (F generations)
Dihybrid Cross
Transcription
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
47. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Elongation
Repressible Systems
Frameshift Mutation
48. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Environmental Factors
Complementary Base-Pairing
Recombination
Mutagenic Agents
49. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Mutations
Promoter gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Repressible Systems
50. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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