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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. Occurs when linked genes are separated






5. Cytosine and thymine






6. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






7. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






8. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






9. Short segments from lagging strand






10. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






11. Progeny generations






12. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






13. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






15. Consists of structural genes






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






19. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






20. Cell burst






21. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






22. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






23. New codon may code for the same amino acid






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






26. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






27. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






30. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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31. Location of genes on DNA






32. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






33. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






34. Chromosome fragment






35. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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37. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






38. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






40. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






41. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






42. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






44. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






45. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






46. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






49. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






50. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined