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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where protein synthesis occurs






2. Cytosine and thymine






3. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






7. Progeny generations






8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






9. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






10. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






11. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






12. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






13. Basic unit of heredity






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






16. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






18. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






19. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






20. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






21. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. Adenine and guanine






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






31. Chromosome fragment






32. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






36. New codon may be a stop codon






37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






39. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






41. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






43. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






44. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






45. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






46. Occurs when linked genes are separated






47. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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48. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






49. Short segments from lagging strand






50. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously







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