Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






2. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






3. Where protein synthesis occurs






4. New codon may code for a different amino acid






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






7. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






8. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






11. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






14. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






15. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






16. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






18. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






19. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






22. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. Consists of structural genes






25. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






26. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






27. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






28. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






29. Chromosome fragment






30. Adenine and guanine






31. Cell burst






32. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






35. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






36. Organisms that carry two different alleles






37. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






41. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






42. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






47. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






48. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






49. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






50. Cytosine and thymine