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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Gene Mutation
Termination Codons
Bacteriophage
DNA Replication
2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Episomes
Transformation
P-site
3. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Sex Linked
Lagging Strand
Bacterial Replication
DNA
4. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Triplet Code
Monohybrid Cross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
5. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Backcross
Chromosomal Breakage
Silent Mutation
6. Consists of structural genes
Mutations
Bacterial Genome
Operon
Leading Strand
7. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Promoter gene
Plasmid
Mendel's Law of Dominance
8. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Transduction
Parental (P Generation)
Drosophila Melanogaster
9. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Mendelian Genetics
Lysogenic Cycle
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacteriophage
10. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Monocistronic
Antibody resistance
Frameshift Mutation
Homozygous
11. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Replication
Lagging Strand
12. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Autosomes
Silent Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Gene
13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Operon
Codominance
Translation
RNA
14. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Plasmids
Homozygous
Incomplete Dominance
15. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genotype
Gene
Translocation
16. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Frameshift Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacterial Genome
17. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Phenotype
Gene Mutation
Binary fission
Transcription
18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Bacterial Replication
Polyribosome
Silent Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
19. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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20. New codon may be a stop codon
Bacteriophage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nonsense Mutation
Nucleotide
21. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lysogenic Cycle
RNA
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
22. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
Bacterial Replication
Episomes
23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
RNA
Varions
Binary fission
Codons
24. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Heterozygous
Polypeptide Synthesis
Varions
Ribosomes
25. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Peptide Bond
Codons
Sex Linked
Double-Stranded Helix
26. Individuals being crossed
tRNA Job
Operator Gene
Parental (P Generation)
Varions
27. Adenine and guanine
Purines
tRNA Job
Ribosomes
Semiconservative
28. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Transformation
Nonsense Mutation
Peptide Bond
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
29. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Antibody resistance
Synonyms
Polyribosome
Nondisjunction
30. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Bacterial Genome
Dihybrid Cross
Lysogenic Cycle
Chromosomal Breakage
31. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Heredity
Messenger mRNA
Elongation
Genotype
32. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Missense Mutation
Genetics
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacterial Genome
33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Transformation
Operon
A-site
Silent Mutation
34. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Chromosomal Breakage
Antibody resistance
Gene Mutation
35. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Peptide Bond
Elongation
Translocation
Leading Strand
36. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Chromosomal Breakage
Inducible Systems
Codominance
Genetics
37. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Parental (P Generation)
Dihybrid Cross
Lagging Strand
38. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
tRNA Job
Synonyms
Point Mutation
39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Heterozygous
Silent Mutation
Phenotype
Promoter gene
40. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nonsense Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Inducer-Repressor Complex
41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Transformation
Operon
A-site
P-site
42. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Crosses
Polyribosome
Messenger mRNA
Codominance
43. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Regulator Gene
Nucleotide
DNA Replication
Heterozygous
45. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Episomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Nondisjunction
Genotype
46. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
Recombination
Bacteriophage
47. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Codons
Sex Linked
Start Codon
48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Mutable
Start Codon
Bacteriophage
49. Location of genes on DNA
Inducible Systems
Gene Mutation
Episomes
Chromosomes
50. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Anticodon
RNA
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