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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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2. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






3. Occurs when linked genes are separated






4. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






7. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






8. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






9. Basic unit of heredity






10. Cytosine and thymine






11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






12. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






13. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






14. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






15. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






19. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






20. New codon may code for a different amino acid






21. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






22. Chromosome fragment






23. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






24. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






25. Consists of structural genes






26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






29. Initiation - elongation - and termination






30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






31. Cell burst






32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






33. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






34. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






35. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






37. Adenine and guanine






38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






42. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






43. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






44. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






45. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






46. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






49. Where protein synthesis occurs






50. Location of genes on DNA






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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