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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Phenotype
Purines
P-site
A-site
2. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
Environmental Factors
Phenotype
Sex Linked
3. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Termination Codons
Mendel's Law of Dominance
4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Mendelian Genetics
Nucleotide
Binary fission
DNA
5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Homozygous
Gene
Dominant Allele
6. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Start Codon
Termination Codons
Double-Stranded Helix
7. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nondisjunction
Episomes
Repressible Systems
8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Incomplete Dominance
Sex Linked
Nondisjunction
DNA Replication
9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Operon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Synonyms
10. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Transduction
Operator Gene
Plasmids
11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Point Mutation
Conjugation
Synonyms
Monocistronic
12. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Transcription
Dihybrid Cross
Sex Linked
tRNA Job
13. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Varions
Heredity
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Repressible Systems
14. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Mutations
P-site
Complementary Base-Pairing
Bacterial Genome
15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Ribosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Leading Strand
Termination Codons
16. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
RNA
Monocistronic
Nondisjunction
Monohybrid Cross
17. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Incomplete Dominance
Mutagenic Agents
Monohybrid Cross
Genotype
18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
A-site
Chromosomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
19. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Punnet Square Diagram
Missense Mutation
Nucleotide
Okazaki fragments
20. Consists of structural genes
Chromosomes
Operon
Sex Linked Recessives
Parental (P Generation)
21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codons
Nucleotide
22. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Chromosomes
Translocation
Drosophila Melanogaster
P-site
23. Short segments from lagging strand
Transduction
Translocation
Okazaki fragments
Messenger mRNA
24. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Codons
Virulent
Silent Mutation
25. New codon may be a stop codon
Dominant Allele
A-site
DNA
Nonsense Mutation
26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Complementary Base-Pairing
Punnet Square Diagram
Crosses
Transcription
27. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Operon
Promoter gene
Genetic Code
Polypeptide Synthesis
28. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Codominance
Complementary Base-Pairing
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transcription
29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Silent Mutation
Messenger mRNA
Plasmid
30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Plasmid
Triplet Code
Silent Mutation
31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Semiconservative
Lytic Cycle
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Termination Codons
32. Cytosine and thymine
Nondisjunction
Sex Linked Recessives
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Genome
33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Varions
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Okazaki fragments
34. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Elongation
Phenotype
Chromosomes
35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Repressible Systems
Bacteriophage
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monohybrid Cross
36. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Lysogenic Cycle
Bacterial Replication
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transformation
37. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nucleotide
Conjugation
38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Sex Linked Recessives
Translation
Elongation
Mutable
39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Recombination
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Semiconservative
Inducible Systems
40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Mutations
Homozygous
Missense Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
42. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Repressible Systems
Mendel's Law of Dominance
DNA Replication
43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Genetic Code
Heterozygous
Ribosomes
Elongation
44. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Double-Stranded Helix
Varions
Transduction
45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polyribosome
Regulator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
46. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Anticodon
Drosophila Melanogaster
Lytic Cycle
47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Semiconservative
Lytic Cycle
48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transcription
Filial (F generations)
Punnet Square Diagram
49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Gene Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Semiconservative
50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Plasmid
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutable
Peptide Bond