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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
P-site
Promoter gene
Genetic Code
Frameshift Mutation
2. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Sex Linked Recessives
Missense Mutation
Transcription
3. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
P-site
Translation
Gene Mutation
4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
Translation
Punnet Square Diagram
5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
6. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Lytic Cycle
Inducible Systems
Operator Gene
Genetics
7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transcription
Elongation
Sex Linked
8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Translation
Elongation
Okazaki fragments
9. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Translocation
Dominant Allele
Operator Gene
10. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
Sex Linked
Anticodon
11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Backcross
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
Bacteriophage
12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Codominance
Plasmids
Virulent
Heterozygous
13. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Translocation
Alleles
Synonyms
Mendelian Genetics
14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Elongation
Semiconservative
Triplet Code
15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Bacterial Replication
Crosses
Sex Linked Recessives
Lytic Cycle
16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Plasmid
Dominant Allele
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Backcross
17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Recombination
A-site
Gene
18. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Virulent
Transcription
Transformation
P-site
19. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Ribosomes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Homozygous
20. Location of genes on DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Parental (P Generation)
Punnet Square Diagram
Chromosomes
21. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Environmental Factors
Codons
Nondisjunction
Gene Mutation
22. Adenine and guanine
Autosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Punnet Square Diagram
Purines
23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Chromosomes
Dihybrid Cross
Genetics
Episomes
24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Recessive Allele
Anticodon
Triplet Code
25. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Punnet Square Diagram
Silent Mutation
Elongation
26. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Sex Linked
Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Backcross
27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Semiconservative
Peptide Bond
Environmental Factors
28. Cell burst
Double-Stranded Helix
Codons
Sex Linked
Lyse
29. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Point Mutation
Operon
Anticodon
tRNA Job
30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Polyribosome
Purines
Heterozygous
31. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Drosophila Melanogaster
Start Codon
Mutations
Regulator Gene
32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Bacterial Replication
Sex Linked
Transformation
33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Lyse
Polypeptide Synthesis
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
34. Basic unit of heredity
Translation
Plasmids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Gene
35. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Plasmid
tRNA Job
Alleles
36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Synonyms
Okazaki fragments
Translocation
DNA
37. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Genetic Code
Virulent
Bacterial Genome
Monocistronic
38. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Elongation
Mutations
Conjugation
Recombination
39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Regulator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Virulent
Heredity
40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Heredity
Nondisjunction
Mendelian Genetics
Nucleotide
41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Sex Linked
Bacterial Genome
Translation
Lagging Strand
42. New codon may be a stop codon
Nondisjunction
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Translocation
43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Complementary Base-Pairing
Environmental Factors
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacterial Replication
44. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Promoter gene
Polyribosome
Incomplete Dominance
45. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Frameshift Mutation
Polyribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Triplet Code
46. Consists of structural genes
Mendelian Genetics
Nucleotide
DNA Replication
Operon
47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Genetics
Sex Linked Recessives
Monocistronic
Double-Stranded Helix
48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Transformation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacteriophage
49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Leading Strand
Repressible Systems
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Plasmids
50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Episomes
Phenotype
Genetics