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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of structural genes






2. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






3. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






4. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






6. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






7. Short segments from lagging strand






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Adenine and guanine






10. Cell burst






11. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






12. Location of genes on DNA






13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






14. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






15. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






16. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






17. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






19. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






20. Chromosome fragment






21. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






22. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






23. Individuals being crossed






24. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






25. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






26. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






27. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






28. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






29. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






30. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






31. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






32. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






33. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






34. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






35. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






36. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






37. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






40. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






44. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






45. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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46. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






47. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






50. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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