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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






3. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. Consists of structural genes






8. New codon may code for the same amino acid






9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






10. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






11. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






13. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






16. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






17. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






20. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






21. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






22. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






23. Individuals being crossed






24. Initiation - elongation - and termination






25. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






29. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






30. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






31. Location of genes on DNA






32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






34. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






40. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Adenine and guanine






47. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






48. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






49. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance