Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






2. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






5. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






6. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






7. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Short segments from lagging strand






10. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






11. Basic unit of heredity






12. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






13. Cell burst






14. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






15. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. Occurs when linked genes are separated






19. Chromosome fragment






20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






22. Cytosine and thymine






23. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






25. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






26. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






27. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






28. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






29. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






30. New codon may be a stop codon






31. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






32. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Progeny generations






35. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






38. Genetic makeup of an individual






39. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






40. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






41. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






43. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






44. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






45. Location of genes on DNA






46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






47. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






48. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






49. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)