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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


2. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






3. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






4. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






5. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






6. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






7. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






8. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






9. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






10. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






11. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






12. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


14. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






15. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






16. Cytosine and thymine






17. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






19. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






20. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






21. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






23. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






26. Individuals being crossed






27. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






28. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






32. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






33. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






34. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






36. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






37. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






38. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






39. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






41. Progeny generations






42. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






43. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






44. Basic unit of heredity






45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






46. Cell burst






47. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






50. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices