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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






2. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






3. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






4. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






8. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






9. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






10. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






13. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






14. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






15. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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16. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






21. Basic unit of heredity






22. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






23. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. Occurs when linked genes are separated






26. Cell burst






27. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






29. Genetic makeup of an individual






30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






31. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






33. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






34. Adenine and guanine






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Initiation - elongation - and termination






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. Chromosome fragment






41. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






42. New codon may code for the same amino acid






43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






44. New codon may be a stop codon






45. Location of genes on DNA






46. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






50. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription