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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






7. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






8. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






12. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






14. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






15. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






16. New codon may be a stop codon






17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






18. Location of genes on DNA






19. Short segments from lagging strand






20. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






22. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






26. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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28. Basic unit of heredity






29. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






34. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






36. Adenine and guanine






37. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






38. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






39. New codon may code for the same amino acid






40. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






41. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






42. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






43. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






44. Chromosome fragment






45. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






46. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






47. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






48. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






49. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins