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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. New codon may code for the same amino acid






4. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






6. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






7. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






8. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






9. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






10. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






11. Basic unit of heredity






12. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. New codon may code for a different amino acid






16. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






18. Chromosome fragment






19. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






20. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






21. Initiation - elongation - and termination






22. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






25. Short segments from lagging strand






26. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






27. Progeny generations






28. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






29. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






30. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






31. Cytosine and thymine






32. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. New codon may be a stop codon






35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






36. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






37. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






39. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






40. Organisms that carry two different alleles






41. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






42. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






43. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






45. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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46. Occurs when linked genes are separated






47. Genetic makeup of an individual






48. Consists of structural genes






49. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






50. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e