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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may be a stop codon






2. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






3. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Location of genes on DNA






6. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






7. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






8. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






11. Cell burst






12. New codon may code for a different amino acid






13. Cytosine and thymine






14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






15. Adenine and guanine






16. Chromosome fragment






17. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






18. New codon may code for the same amino acid






19. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






20. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






21. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






22. Genetic makeup of an individual






23. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






24. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






26. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






29. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






34. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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37. Organisms that carry two different alleles






38. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






40. Short segments from lagging strand






41. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






43. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






44. Consists of structural genes






45. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






46. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






48. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






49. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






50. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced







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