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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






2. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






3. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






4. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






5. Location of genes on DNA






6. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






7. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






8. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






11. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






12. Organisms that carry two different alleles






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






15. Short segments from lagging strand






16. Where protein synthesis occurs






17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






18. Chromosome fragment






19. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






20. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. Occurs when linked genes are separated






23. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






24. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






25. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






26. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






27. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






29. Genetic makeup of an individual






30. New codon may code for a different amino acid






31. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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32. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






33. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






35. Adenine and guanine






36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






38. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






42. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






43. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






45. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






48. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






49. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






50. Individuals being crossed