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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Short segments from lagging strand






7. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






8. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. Chromosome fragment






12. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






13. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






14. Cytosine and thymine






15. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






16. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






17. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






18. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






19. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






21. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






22. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. New codon may code for the same amino acid






25. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






28. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






29. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






31. Organisms that carry two different alleles






32. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


33. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






34. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






37. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






39. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






40. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






41. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






42. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






46. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






47. Initiation - elongation - and termination






48. Progeny generations






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)