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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






5. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






6. Location of genes on DNA






7. Genetic makeup of an individual






8. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






9. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






10. New codon may be a stop codon






11. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






16. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






17. Initiation - elongation - and termination






18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






19. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






20. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






21. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






22. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






23. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






25. Cell burst






26. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






31. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






32. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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35. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






42. Cytosine and thymine






43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






44. Occurs when linked genes are separated






45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






46. Short segments from lagging strand






47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






48. Consists of structural genes






49. Individuals being crossed






50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid