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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Crosses
Sex Linked Recessives
Nondisjunction
Point Mutation
2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Missense Mutation
Genetics
Codominance
Lytic Cycle
3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
tRNA Job
Backcross
Chromosomal Breakage
Translocation
4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
DNA Replication
Regulator Gene
Translation
Triplet Code
5. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
tRNA Job
Alleles
Triplet Code
6. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Ribosomes
Silent Mutation
Conjugation
Sex Linked
7. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Semiconservative
Autosomes
Recessive Allele
8. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Parental (P Generation)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Bacteriophage
9. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Purines
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
10. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Gene
Anticodon
11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription
Triplet Code
tRNA Job
12. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Lytic Cycle
Lagging Strand
Codominance
Recessive Allele
13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Lysogenic Cycle
Genetic Code
DNA
Antibody resistance
14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Transformation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Codons
Parental (P Generation)
15. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
Operator Gene
Testcross
16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Complementary Base-Pairing
Backcross
Nucleotide
17. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Start Codon
Parental (P Generation)
Leading Strand
Homozygous
18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Mutagenic Agents
Punnet Square Diagram
Crosses
Start Codon
19. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Genome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Genetics
Bacterial Replication
20. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Pyrimidines
Polypeptide Synthesis
Mendelian Genetics
21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Bacteriophage
Recessive Allele
Dihybrid Cross
DNA
22. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Backcross
RNA
Nondisjunction
Synonyms
23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Point Mutation
Promoter gene
Autosomes
24. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
Leading Strand
Dominant Allele
25. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
Episomes
Monohybrid Cross
26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Monohybrid Cross
Start Codon
Backcross
27. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Mutable
Synonyms
28. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Translocation
Episomes
Transcription
Missense Mutation
29. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Heredity
Point Mutation
Recombination
Varions
30. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Messenger mRNA
Bacteriophage
Mendel's Law of Dominance
31. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
tRNA Job
Nondisjunction
Transduction
Genetic Code
32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Codons
DNA Replication
Plasmid
Anticodon
33. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Transduction
Phenotype
Anticodon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
34. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Binary fission
Lysogenic Cycle
Missense Mutation
Antibody resistance
35. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Lytic Cycle
Translocation
Transduction
Mendel's Law of Dominance
36. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Crosses
Autosomes
Lyse
Monohybrid Cross
37. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
DNA Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transcription
Plasmids
38. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translation
Conjugation
39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Filial (F generations)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Varions
Mutagenic Agents
40. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Homozygous
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Polyribosome
Codominance
41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Homozygous
Filial (F generations)
DNA
42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Ribosomes
Bacteriophage
Nonsense Mutation
43. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Bacterial Replication
Punnet Square Diagram
Lytic Cycle
Codons
45. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Dihybrid Cross
Virulent
Polypeptide Synthesis
RNA
46. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Leading Strand
Polypeptide Synthesis
Dominant Allele
DNA Replication
47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Codons
Inducible Systems
Alleles
Monocistronic
48. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Codominance
Plasmid
Drosophila Melanogaster
Gene Mutation
49. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Phenotype
Frameshift Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Incomplete Dominance
50. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Inducible Systems
Mendelian Genetics