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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Progeny generations
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Binary fission
Lagging Strand
Filial (F generations)
2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Dominant Allele
Nucleotide
Lagging Strand
3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Operon
Ribosomes
Environmental Factors
Lyse
4. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Chromosomes
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Phenotype
Operon
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
6. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Regulator Gene
Filial (F generations)
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Dominant Allele
Translation
Termination Codons
Chromosomal Breakage
8. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Mendelian Genetics
Codons
Messenger mRNA
Crosses
9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Mendelian Genetics
Testcross
Varions
Leading Strand
10. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Okazaki fragments
Dihybrid Cross
Mutations
A-site
11. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Termination Codons
Bacterial Replication
Plasmids
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
12. New codon may be a stop codon
Chromosomal Breakage
Lyse
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Nonsense Mutation
13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Nucleotide
Translocation
DNA
Genetic Code
14. Location of genes on DNA
Episomes
Chromosomes
P-site
Conjugation
15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
P-site
Monocistronic
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
16. Genetic makeup of an individual
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Homozygous
Nondisjunction
Genotype
17. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Start Codon
Genotype
Triplet Code
18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Dominant Allele
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Leading Strand
Homozygous
Recombination
20. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Translocation
Phenotype
Virulent
Regulator Gene
21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendelian Genetics
Alleles
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Testcross
Genetics
Anticodon
Missense Mutation
23. Adenine and guanine
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
Missense Mutation
Purines
24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Codominance
Synonyms
Homozygous
Monohybrid Cross
25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Bacterial Genome
Backcross
DNA
Start Codon
26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Triplet Code
Conjugation
Codominance
Gene Mutation
27. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Nonsense Mutation
28. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Messenger mRNA
Purines
Transcription
Mutable
29. Individuals being crossed
Okazaki fragments
Pyrimidines
Parental (P Generation)
Operon
30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Genetics
Recessive Allele
Semiconservative
Mendelian Genetics
31. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Lysogenic Cycle
Triplet Code
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutagenic Agents
32. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Codominance
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Lagging Strand
33. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Sex Linked
Genetic Code
Pyrimidines
34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Missense Mutation
Peptide Bond
Virulent
Lagging Strand
35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Codons
Regulator Gene
Translocation
Mutations
36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Elongation
Triplet Code
37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Heredity
Genotype
Frameshift Mutation
Translation
38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Sex Linked
Heterozygous
Lyse
39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Codominance
Mendelian Genetics
RNA
Inducible Systems
40. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Incomplete Dominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Synonyms
Messenger mRNA
41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
P-site
Antibody resistance
Punnet Square Diagram
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Operator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
43. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Transduction
Monocistronic
Polyribosome
Nucleotide
44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Chromosomal Breakage
Purines
Sex Linked
Conjugation
45. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Ribosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Frameshift Mutation
Environmental Factors
46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Virulent
Synonyms
Double-Stranded Helix
47. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Genotype
Virulent
Bacterial Replication
48. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Semiconservative
Anticodon
Operator Gene
Messenger mRNA
49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Leading Strand
Translocation
Autosomes
50. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Genetic Code
Polyribosome
Regulator Gene
Ribosomes