Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where protein synthesis occurs






2. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






3. Genetic makeup of an individual






4. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






5. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






6. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Occurs when linked genes are separated






9. New codon may code for a different amino acid






10. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






11. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






12. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. Location of genes on DNA






15. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






16. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






17. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






18. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






21. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






24. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






25. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






26. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






28. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






29. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






30. New codon may be a stop codon






31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. Short segments from lagging strand






34. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






35. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






38. New codon may code for the same amino acid






39. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






42. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. Cytosine and thymine






45. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






48. Organisms that carry two different alleles






49. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






50. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)