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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






2. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






3. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






4. Location of genes on DNA






5. Initiation - elongation - and termination






6. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






7. Organisms that carry two different alleles






8. Cell burst






9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






11. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






17. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. Individuals being crossed






20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






21. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






24. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






29. New codon may code for the same amino acid






30. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






31. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






32. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






34. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






36. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






37. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






39. Basic unit of heredity






40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






41. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






45. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






47. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






48. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes