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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transformation
Monocistronic
Dihybrid Cross
Silent Mutation
2. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Chromosomal Breakage
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Testcross
Mendelian Genetics
Inducer-Repressor Complex
4. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Transduction
DNA
Autosomes
Peptide Bond
5. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Polyribosome
Codominance
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
6. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Silent Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Lagging Strand
Missense Mutation
7. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Complementary Base-Pairing
P-site
Phenotype
Operator Gene
8. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Transduction
Mutagenic Agents
Start Codon
Sex Linked
10. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Transcription
Conjugation
Peptide Bond
Antibody resistance
11. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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12. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
A-site
Bacteriophage
DNA Replication
Lagging Strand
13. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Dominant Allele
Mutagenic Agents
Nonsense Mutation
P-site
14. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Operator Gene
Peptide Bond
Ribosomes
Incomplete Dominance
15. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Plasmids
Mutagenic Agents
Purines
Recessive Allele
16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Transcription
tRNA Job
Transformation
Repressible Systems
17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Codominance
DNA Replication
Environmental Factors
Polypeptide Synthesis
18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
Mutable
Bacterial Genome
19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Regulator Gene
Purines
Crosses
DNA Replication
20. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Pyrimidines
Lytic Cycle
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
21. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
A-site
Drosophila Melanogaster
Double-Stranded Helix
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
22. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Virulent
P-site
Heredity
Lytic Cycle
23. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Phenotype
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutagenic Agents
Bacterial Genome
24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Mendelian Genetics
Backcross
Bacterial Replication
Punnet Square Diagram
25. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Bacterial Replication
tRNA Job
Complementary Base-Pairing
26. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Missense Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
tRNA Job
A-site
27. New codon may code for a different amino acid
A-site
Pyrimidines
Filial (F generations)
Missense Mutation
28. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nucleotide
Mutations
29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Transformation
Bacterial Genome
Termination Codons
Polyribosome
30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutable
Drosophila Melanogaster
31. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Triplet Code
DNA
Polypeptide Synthesis
32. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Elongation
Phenotype
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Gene Mutation
33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
A-site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Testcross
Translation
34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Operator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Repressible Systems
35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Antibody resistance
Lyse
Sex Linked
Complementary Base-Pairing
36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Messenger mRNA
Triplet Code
Backcross
37. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Leading Strand
Translocation
38. Consists of structural genes
Mutable
Transduction
DNA Replication
Operon
39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
RNA
Promoter gene
Lagging Strand
Monocistronic
40. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Phenotype
Heterozygous
P-site
Genetic Code
41. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Alleles
Complementary Base-Pairing
Heterozygous
Binary fission
42. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Punnet Square Diagram
Inducible Systems
Incomplete Dominance
43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Heredity
Codons
Alleles
Ribosomes
44. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Semiconservative
Bacteriophage
Lyse
45. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Testcross
Gene Mutation
Genetic Code
46. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Dominant Allele
Nonsense Mutation
47. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Sex Linked
Elongation
Genetic Code
48. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lyse
Termination Codons
Bacterial Replication
Purines
49. Where protein synthesis occurs
Translation
Ribosomes
Alleles
Conjugation
50. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Dominant Allele
Recombination
Codominance
Anticodon
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