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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






3. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






4. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






10. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






11. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






14. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






15. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






18. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






19. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. Chromosome fragment






22. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






23. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






24. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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28. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Short segments from lagging strand






32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






33. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






35. Location of genes on DNA






36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






39. Organisms that carry two different alleles






40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






42. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






43. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






50. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance