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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Phenotype
Start Codon
DNA Replication
Leading Strand
2. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Binary fission
Alleles
Missense Mutation
Start Codon
3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Genetic Code
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Monocistronic
Gene
DNA
Recessive Allele
5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Genetics
Binary fission
Codominance
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
6. Chromosome fragment
Bacteriophage
Plasmid
Dominant Allele
Gene
7. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Mutations
Plasmids
8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Synonyms
Gene
Parental (P Generation)
9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Polyribosome
Bacterial Replication
Okazaki fragments
10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Silent Mutation
Transduction
Point Mutation
11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Gene
Synonyms
Operon
Drosophila Melanogaster
12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Autosomes
Transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
13. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
DNA Replication
Mutations
Complementary Base-Pairing
DNA
14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Filial (F generations)
Bacterial Genome
Genetic Code
Mutable
15. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Chromosomal Breakage
Filial (F generations)
Virulent
Heredity
16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Environmental Factors
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutable
Plasmids
17. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Heterozygous
Transcription
Start Codon
Elongation
18. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Parental (P Generation)
Genetic Code
Missense Mutation
19. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Plasmid
Homozygous
Silent Mutation
20. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Repressible Systems
Nonsense Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transcription
21. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Transcription
Repressible Systems
Synonyms
22. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Inducible Systems
Chromosomal Breakage
23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Lagging Strand
Translation
Episomes
Nondisjunction
24. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Monohybrid Cross
Recombination
Mutagenic Agents
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
25. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Gene
Dominant Allele
Translation
Lytic Cycle
26. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Pyrimidines
Varions
Lagging Strand
Bacterial Replication
27. Consists of structural genes
Synonyms
Operon
Lagging Strand
Binary fission
28. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Genetic Code
Heredity
Translocation
Anticodon
29. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translocation
Testcross
30. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Codons
Plasmid
Genetics
Dominant Allele
31. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Gene
Operon
Operator Gene
Transcription
32. Short segments from lagging strand
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
Binary fission
Okazaki fragments
33. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Heterozygous
Heredity
Gene
34. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Backcross
Heterozygous
Virulent
35. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Ribosomes
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
Conjugation
36. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transformation
tRNA Job
Gene Mutation
37. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Binary fission
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recombination
Monohybrid Cross
38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Frameshift Mutation
Plasmids
DNA Replication
Mutable
39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Incomplete Dominance
Punnet Square Diagram
Gene
Environmental Factors
40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Bacteriophage
Frameshift Mutation
Binary fission
41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Gene
Dominant Allele
Missense Mutation
Ribosomes
42. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Recessive Allele
Transformation
Regulator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
43. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Binary fission
Monohybrid Cross
Plasmids
44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Point Mutation
Anticodon
Testcross
45. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Translocation
Missense Mutation
Transduction
46. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Mendelian Genetics
Complementary Base-Pairing
Silent Mutation
Lagging Strand
47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Synonyms
Regulator Gene
Mutagenic Agents
Frameshift Mutation
48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Termination Codons
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nonsense Mutation
Virulent
49. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Silent Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Polypeptide Synthesis
50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Backcross
Monocistronic