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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Purines
Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
Environmental Factors
2. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Point Mutation
Homozygous
A-site
Testcross
3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Purines
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutable
Backcross
4. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Recombination
Mendelian Genetics
Mutagenic Agents
DNA Replication
5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Plasmid
Sex Linked
Messenger mRNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
6. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Semiconservative
Autosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Drosophila Melanogaster
7. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Okazaki fragments
Operator Gene
Mutations
Peptide Bond
8. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Leading Strand
Triplet Code
Binary fission
9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
Testcross
10. New codon may be a stop codon
Elongation
Episomes
Nonsense Mutation
Nondisjunction
11. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Gene Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mutations
12. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Chromosomal Breakage
Binary fission
Alleles
Plasmids
13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Monocistronic
Frameshift Mutation
Conjugation
Mendelian Genetics
14. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Binary fission
Point Mutation
Mutable
tRNA Job
15. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Antibody resistance
tRNA Job
Incomplete Dominance
Polyribosome
16. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
Sex Linked
P-site
Environmental Factors
17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Homozygous
Crosses
Drosophila Melanogaster
18. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recombination
Nonsense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Recessive Allele
21. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Heredity
Codominance
Antibody resistance
Purines
22. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
23. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Codons
Double-Stranded Helix
Transformation
Parental (P Generation)
24. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Gene
Operator Gene
Drosophila Melanogaster
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
25. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Crosses
Genetics
Recombination
Point Mutation
26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Bacteriophage
Peptide Bond
Complementary Base-Pairing
DNA
27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Double-Stranded Helix
Missense Mutation
Virulent
Plasmids
28. Cytosine and thymine
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Pyrimidines
Mutagenic Agents
Varions
29. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Parental (P Generation)
RNA
Sex Linked
Inducible Systems
30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Double-Stranded Helix
Monocistronic
Genotype
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
31. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Anticodon
Triplet Code
RNA
Heredity
32. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Promoter gene
Point Mutation
DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Semiconservative
DNA
Monohybrid Cross
34. Consists of structural genes
Transformation
Gene Mutation
Operon
Repressible Systems
35. Progeny generations
Codominance
Filial (F generations)
Antibody resistance
Polyribosome
36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Genetics
Transcription
Elongation
Ribosomes
37. Basic unit of heredity
Lyse
Mutations
Gene
Monocistronic
38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Monohybrid Cross
Chromosomes
Bacteriophage
Nondisjunction
39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Pyrimidines
Monohybrid Cross
Transformation
Polyribosome
40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Chromosomal Breakage
Missense Mutation
tRNA Job
41. Genetic makeup of an individual
Monocistronic
Dominant Allele
Sex Linked
Genotype
42. Location of genes on DNA
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Homozygous
Chromosomes
43. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Leading Strand
Termination Codons
Genotype
Mutations
44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Codons
Operon
Translocation
Synonyms
45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Okazaki fragments
Plasmids
Crosses
46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Bacterial Genome
Point Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Transcription
47. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
P-site
Translocation
Nucleotide
Codons
48. Where protein synthesis occurs
Mutable
Ribosomes
P-site
Incomplete Dominance
49. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Elongation
Episomes
Gene
Lytic Cycle
50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Synonyms
Episomes
Ribosomes