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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






2. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






3. Individuals being crossed






4. Occurs when linked genes are separated






5. Chromosome fragment






6. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






7. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






8. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






12. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






13. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






14. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






15. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






18. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






19. Consists of structural genes






20. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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26. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






27. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






28. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






30. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






31. New codon may code for a different amino acid






32. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






33. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






34. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






35. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






36. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






37. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






39. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






40. Cell burst






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






43. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






44. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






45. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






46. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group