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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






2. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






3. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






4. Consists of structural genes






5. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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6. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






7. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






8. Chromosome fragment






9. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






10. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






11. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






13. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






15. Location of genes on DNA






16. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






19. Progeny generations






20. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






21. Short segments from lagging strand






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






24. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






27. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






28. Adenine and guanine






29. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






32. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






34. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. New codon may be a stop codon






36. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. Cell burst






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






41. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






42. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






43. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






46. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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47. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






50. Initiation - elongation - and termination