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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Organisms that carry two different alleles






4. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






5. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






7. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






8. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






9. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






10. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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11. New codon may code for the same amino acid






12. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






13. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






14. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






15. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






16. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






17. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






19. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






20. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






23. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






24. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






25. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






28. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






31. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






32. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






33. Occurs when linked genes are separated






34. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






36. Progeny generations






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






39. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






41. Genetic makeup of an individual






42. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






43. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






46. New codon may code for a different amino acid






47. Cell burst






48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






50. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection