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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






2. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






3. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






4. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






5. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






6. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






13. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






15. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






16. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






18. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






19. Location of genes on DNA






20. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






21. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






26. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






27. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






28. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






30. New codon may code for a different amino acid






31. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






32. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






33. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






36. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






38. Adenine and guanine






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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41. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






42. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






44. Progeny generations






45. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






47. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






48. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






49. Genetic makeup of an individual






50. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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