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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






2. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






3. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






6. Individuals being crossed






7. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






8. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






9. Where protein synthesis occurs






10. Chromosome fragment






11. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






15. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






16. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






17. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






18. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






20. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






21. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






22. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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24. New codon may be a stop codon






25. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






27. Occurs when linked genes are separated






28. Adenine and guanine






29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






30. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






31. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






34. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






35. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






36. New codon may code for a different amino acid






37. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






38. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






41. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






42. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Consists of structural genes






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






47. Location of genes on DNA






48. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets