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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






2. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






5. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






6. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






7. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






8. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






9. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






14. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






15. New codon may code for the same amino acid






16. Cell burst






17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






18. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






21. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






22. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






23. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






24. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






26. Where protein synthesis occurs






27. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






28. New codon may be a stop codon






29. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






31. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






32. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






33. New codon may code for a different amino acid






34. Consists of structural genes






35. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






36. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






37. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






38. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






46. Adenine and guanine






47. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






48. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


49. Progeny generations






50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid