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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Punnet Square Diagram
Regulator Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
2. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Codominance
Bacterial Genome
Lytic Cycle
3. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lyse
Mutations
Genetics
4. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Pyrimidines
Parental (P Generation)
Testcross
Transformation
5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Regulator Gene
Transcription
Plasmid
Triplet Code
6. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Sex Linked Recessives
Environmental Factors
Mutagenic Agents
Lyse
7. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Operator Gene
Termination Codons
Transcription
8. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Mendelian Genetics
Genetics
Plasmids
9. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Repressible Systems
Plasmid
Semiconservative
Bacterial Replication
10. New codon may be a stop codon
Backcross
Nonsense Mutation
Codons
Operator Gene
11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Alleles
Repressible Systems
Transformation
12. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Frameshift Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Alleles
Mutable
13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Ribosomes
Mendelian Genetics
Conjugation
Synonyms
14. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Missense Mutation
Codominance
Translocation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
15. Progeny generations
Heredity
Purines
Heterozygous
Filial (F generations)
16. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Start Codon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
17. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Elongation
Mutagenic Agents
Episomes
Conjugation
18. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutagenic Agents
Genetic Code
19. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Codominance
Translation
Filial (F generations)
20. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Mutagenic Agents
Punnet Square Diagram
Incomplete Dominance
Virulent
21. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Semiconservative
Inducible Systems
Chromosomes
A-site
22. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Codominance
A-site
Varions
Bacteriophage
23. Genetic makeup of an individual
Mutations
Gene Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
24. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Mutable
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operator Gene
25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Purines
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Plasmids
Genotype
26. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Frameshift Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Inducible Systems
27. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Nondisjunction
Punnet Square Diagram
28. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Genotype
Messenger mRNA
Sex Linked
Mutable
29. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Heredity
Ribosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Polyribosome
30. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Heterozygous
tRNA Job
Lysogenic Cycle
Alleles
31. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Binary fission
Regulator Gene
Elongation
32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Plasmid
Phenotype
Dominant Allele
Mutations
33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Monocistronic
Varions
Heterozygous
34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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35. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Alleles
DNA
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
36. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Phenotype
Punnet Square Diagram
Leading Strand
Inducer-Repressor Complex
37. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Pyrimidines
Sex Linked Recessives
Chromosomes
Autosomes
38. Individuals being crossed
Gene
Parental (P Generation)
Missense Mutation
Chromosomes
39. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Bacterial Genome
Alleles
Heterozygous
Leading Strand
40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Nucleotide
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
41. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Antibody resistance
Lysogenic Cycle
Silent Mutation
Point Mutation
42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Repressible Systems
Phenotype
Homozygous
Binary fission
43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Gene
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transformation
Messenger mRNA
44. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Genetics
Silent Mutation
Recessive Allele
Chromosomes
45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Transformation
Heterozygous
Sex Linked
Transcription
46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
Nonsense Mutation
Start Codon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
47. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Alleles
Parental (P Generation)
Testcross
Synonyms
48. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Operon
Transduction
Recessive Allele
Mendelian Genetics
49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Translocation
Homozygous
Incomplete Dominance
50. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
DNA
Bacterial Replication
Parental (P Generation)