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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






2. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






3. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






8. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






9. Where protein synthesis occurs






10. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






11. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






12. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






13. Genetic makeup of an individual






14. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






15. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






16. Progeny generations






17. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






18. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






19. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






20. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






22. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






23. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






24. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






25. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






28. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






29. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






30. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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31. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






32. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






33. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






34. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






35. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Basic unit of heredity






37. Adenine and guanine






38. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






41. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






42. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






44. New codon may code for a different amino acid






45. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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46. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






47. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






48. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






49. Organisms that carry two different alleles






50. Cell burst