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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lagging Strand
Antibody resistance
Transcription
2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Testcross
Missense Mutation
Transcription
3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Genetics
Testcross
Heredity
4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Codominance
Virulent
Start Codon
5. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Termination Codons
Nucleotide
Recombination
Transduction
6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
P-site
Codominance
Heredity
Synonyms
8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Start Codon
Mendelian Genetics
Codominance
Ribosomes
9. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Repressible Systems
Promoter gene
10. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Virulent
Termination Codons
Antibody resistance
Translation
11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Conjugation
Nucleotide
Antibody resistance
Drosophila Melanogaster
12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Backcross
Regulator Gene
Transformation
Episomes
13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transcription
Heredity
Operon
14. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Frameshift Mutation
Gene
15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Gene
Dominant Allele
Antibody resistance
16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Bacterial Genome
Translation
Triplet Code
17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducible Systems
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Incomplete Dominance
Mendelian Genetics
18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Gene Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Plasmids
19. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Point Mutation
Bacteriophage
Termination Codons
Silent Mutation
20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Incomplete Dominance
Transduction
Polyribosome
Codominance
21. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
Environmental Factors
Dominant Allele
22. Organisms that carry two different alleles
DNA Replication
Plasmid
Heterozygous
Monohybrid Cross
23. Basic unit of heredity
Regulator Gene
Ribosomes
Gene
Mutagenic Agents
24. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Sex Linked
Chromosomal Breakage
Punnet Square Diagram
25. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Promoter gene
Polyribosome
Messenger mRNA
Leading Strand
26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
A-site
Monocistronic
Genetic Code
DNA
27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Sex Linked Recessives
Start Codon
Lyse
Mendelian Genetics
28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
tRNA Job
Translation
Transcription
29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Translation
Gene
Backcross
30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Backcross
Polyribosome
Bacterial Replication
Codominance
31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Alleles
Chromosomal Breakage
Testcross
Incomplete Dominance
32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Gene
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genetics
Mutations
33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Nondisjunction
Peptide Bond
Operon
Triplet Code
34. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Testcross
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Homozygous
35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Parental (P Generation)
Okazaki fragments
Mutations
Lagging Strand
36. Cell burst
Inducible Systems
Messenger mRNA
Translation
Lyse
37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Monocistronic
Virulent
Crosses
Point Mutation
38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Dominant Allele
Mutagenic Agents
Elongation
Synonyms
39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transduction
Recombination
Inducible Systems
Nucleotide
40. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Dominant Allele
Point Mutation
Varions
Semiconservative
41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Recessive Allele
P-site
Elongation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
42. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Nucleotide
Peptide Bond
Alleles
Sex Linked Recessives
43. Location of genes on DNA
Heterozygous
Chromosomes
Inducible Systems
Drosophila Melanogaster
44. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Promoter gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Monocistronic
Chromosomal Breakage
45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Regulator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Translation
Episomes
46. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Anticodon
Codons
Mutagenic Agents
47. Where protein synthesis occurs
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
Start Codon
Genetic Code
48. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Genetic Code
A-site
Binary fission
Polypeptide Synthesis
49. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Silent Mutation
Inducible Systems
RNA
Environmental Factors
50. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Operon
Termination Codons
Heterozygous