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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






2. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






3. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






4. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






5. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






6. Location of genes on DNA






7. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






9. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






10. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






12. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






13. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






14. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






16. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






17. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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18. New codon may code for a different amino acid






19. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






20. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. New codon may be a stop codon






22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Short segments from lagging strand






25. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






26. Individuals being crossed






27. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






28. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






29. Where protein synthesis occurs






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






37. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






39. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






40. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






41. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






44. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






46. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






48. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






49. New codon may code for the same amino acid






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)