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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






3. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






4. Location of genes on DNA






5. Where protein synthesis occurs






6. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






7. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






10. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






11. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






14. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






17. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






18. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






19. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






24. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






25. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






26. Chromosome fragment






27. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






28. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






29. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






32. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






33. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






35. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






39. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






40. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






41. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






42. Initiation - elongation - and termination






43. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






45. New codon may be a stop codon






46. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






50. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes