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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






2. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






4. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






15. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






16. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






18. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






21. Progeny generations






22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






23. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






25. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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28. Genetic makeup of an individual






29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






31. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






34. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






36. Consists of structural genes






37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Cytosine and thymine






42. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






43. Individuals being crossed






44. Organisms that carry two different alleles






45. New codon may be a stop codon






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell