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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






2. Adenine and guanine






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






5. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






6. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Occurs when linked genes are separated






10. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






11. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






12. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






13. Progeny generations






14. New codon may code for a different amino acid






15. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






19. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






20. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






21. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






22. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






23. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






24. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






26. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






27. New codon may be a stop codon






28. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






29. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






31. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






32. Cytosine and thymine






33. Cell burst






34. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






36. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






37. Location of genes on DNA






38. Short segments from lagging strand






39. Genetic makeup of an individual






40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






44. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






45. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






46. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






47. Initiation - elongation - and termination






48. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






49. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






50. Individuals being crossed