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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






4. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






5. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






6. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






9. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






10. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






11. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






14. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






15. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






16. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






17. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






18. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Cytosine and thymine






21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






22. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






28. Location of genes on DNA






29. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






30. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






31. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






36. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






37. New codon may code for a different amino acid






38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






39. New codon may be a stop codon






40. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






44. Organisms that carry two different alleles






45. Individuals being crossed






46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






47. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






48. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






49. Initiation - elongation - and termination






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis