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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. Progeny generations






7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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8. Adenine and guanine






9. Individuals being crossed






10. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






11. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






15. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






16. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. Where protein synthesis occurs






19. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






20. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






21. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






22. Chromosome fragment






23. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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24. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






25. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






26. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






27. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






28. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






29. New codon may code for the same amino acid






30. Initiation - elongation - and termination






31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






32. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






33. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






34. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






35. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






36. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






39. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






40. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






41. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






42. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






45. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






50. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup