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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. Location of genes on DNA






4. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






5. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






6. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






7. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






8. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. Consists of structural genes






11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






12. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






14. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






15. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






16. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






17. Cell burst






18. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






19. Chromosome fragment






20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






21. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






22. Where protein synthesis occurs






23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






24. Genetic makeup of an individual






25. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






26. Individuals being crossed






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






29. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






30. New codon may code for the same amino acid






31. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






34. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






35. Short segments from lagging strand






36. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. New codon may be a stop codon






38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






39. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






40. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






41. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






42. Cytosine and thymine






43. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






44. Initiation - elongation - and termination






45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






46. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






47. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






48. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual