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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Conjugation
Mutagenic Agents
Genotype
Elongation
2. Basic unit of heredity
Point Mutation
Gene
Promoter gene
Chromosomal Breakage
3. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Codons
Bacterial Replication
Varions
Dominant Allele
4. Cell burst
Gene Mutation
Genetics
Regulator Gene
Lyse
5. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Point Mutation
Heredity
Binary fission
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Gene Mutation
Virulent
Incomplete Dominance
Pyrimidines
7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Conjugation
Regulator Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Semiconservative
8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Bacteriophage
Genetic Code
Chromosomes
Crosses
9. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Autosomes
Ribosomes
Lagging Strand
Lysogenic Cycle
10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
P-site
Lyse
Mutations
11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Mutations
Lyse
Mendelian Genetics
Environmental Factors
12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomes
Bacterial Replication
RNA
13. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Operon
Start Codon
Gene Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Regulator Gene
Mendelian Genetics
Complementary Base-Pairing
15. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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16. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Silent Mutation
Ribosomes
Binary fission
Antibody resistance
17. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Bacterial Genome
Triplet Code
Double-Stranded Helix
Regulator Gene
18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Punnet Square Diagram
Repressible Systems
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Codominance
Punnet Square Diagram
Messenger mRNA
Antibody resistance
20. Chromosome fragment
Operon
Plasmid
Anticodon
Okazaki fragments
21. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Chromosomes
Bacteriophage
Recessive Allele
Regulator Gene
22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Codons
Dihybrid Cross
Polypeptide Synthesis
A-site
23. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Autosomes
Pyrimidines
Transcription
Backcross
24. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
A-site
Bacterial Replication
Lagging Strand
25. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
Lyse
Polypeptide Synthesis
26. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Punnet Square Diagram
Translation
Testcross
Autosomes
27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Nonsense Mutation
Genotype
Triplet Code
28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Lagging Strand
Sex Linked Recessives
Lyse
Operon
29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Conjugation
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Pyrimidines
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Plasmids
Phenotype
31. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Promoter gene
Gene Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Virulent
32. Genetic makeup of an individual
DNA
Chromosomal Breakage
Genotype
Gene Mutation
33. Adenine and guanine
Transduction
Drosophila Melanogaster
Purines
Lyse
34. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Operator Gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nonsense Mutation
35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Polyribosome
Ribosomes
36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
DNA
Point Mutation
Start Codon
Transcription
37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Conjugation
Triplet Code
Binary fission
38. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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39. Progeny generations
Parental (P Generation)
Punnet Square Diagram
tRNA Job
Filial (F generations)
40. Where protein synthesis occurs
Anticodon
Ribosomes
Lyse
Mutagenic Agents
41. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Inducible Systems
Gene
Frameshift Mutation
42. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
tRNA Job
Purines
Gene Mutation
43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Recessive Allele
Messenger mRNA
Ribosomes
Codominance
44. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
A-site
Binary fission
Complementary Base-Pairing
Autosomes
45. Consists of structural genes
Lysogenic Cycle
Operon
Leading Strand
Triplet Code
46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Dominant Allele
Transduction
Genetic Code
Mutations
47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Silent Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Autosomes
48. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendelian Genetics
Operator Gene
Codominance
49. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Genotype
Homozygous
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Bacterial Replication
50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Transcription
Codons
Plasmids
A-site