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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Gene Mutation
Anticodon
Chromosomes
2. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Missense Mutation
Lagging Strand
DNA Replication
3. Where protein synthesis occurs
Homozygous
Lytic Cycle
Synonyms
Ribosomes
4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Sex Linked
Drosophila Melanogaster
Antibody resistance
Alleles
5. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Virulent
Varions
Phenotype
6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Transcription
Autosomes
Heterozygous
7. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Repressible Systems
Termination Codons
Silent Mutation
Ribosomes
8. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Recombination
Anticodon
Codons
9. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Alleles
DNA
Lagging Strand
Frameshift Mutation
10. Chromosome fragment
Backcross
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmid
DNA
11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
Lagging Strand
Semiconservative
12. Location of genes on DNA
Codominance
Polyribosome
Chromosomes
DNA Replication
13. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Bacteriophage
Crosses
Mutations
14. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Plasmids
Episomes
Codominance
Translocation
15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Codons
Pyrimidines
Mendel's Law of Dominance
16. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Heterozygous
Bacterial Replication
Semiconservative
Promoter gene
17. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked Recessives
Sex Linked
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
18. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Anticodon
Varions
Lyse
Mendel's Law of Dominance
19. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Backcross
Frameshift Mutation
Nondisjunction
Transformation
20. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
Translation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Translocation
21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Complementary Base-Pairing
Repressible Systems
DNA
Lysogenic Cycle
22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Chromosomes
Episomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Testcross
23. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Conjugation
Synonyms
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutable
24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Messenger mRNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Transformation
Drosophila Melanogaster
25. Basic unit of heredity
Drosophila Melanogaster
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lysogenic Cycle
26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Heterozygous
Operator Gene
Bacterial Genome
RNA
27. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Anticodon
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transduction
28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
tRNA Job
Genetics
Triplet Code
DNA
29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Antibody resistance
Gene Mutation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Point Mutation
30. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Monocistronic
Start Codon
Ribosomes
31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Genetic Code
Autosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lytic Cycle
32. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Lytic Cycle
Inducible Systems
Monocistronic
Synonyms
33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Monohybrid Cross
Genetics
Parental (P Generation)
Mutable
34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Heterozygous
Lysogenic Cycle
tRNA Job
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
35. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Backcross
Translocation
Anticodon
Double-Stranded Helix
36. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Elongation
Polypeptide Synthesis
DNA Replication
Lagging Strand
37. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Repressible Systems
Operon
Ribosomes
38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Recessive Allele
Genetics
Purines
Autosomes
39. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Testcross
Heterozygous
Messenger mRNA
Binary fission
40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Sex Linked
Binary fission
Filial (F generations)
Nucleotide
41. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Gene
Leading Strand
Missense Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
RNA
Episomes
Chromosomes
Plasmid
43. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Translocation
Genetic Code
Gene
44. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Okazaki fragments
Bacterial Replication
Nonsense Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Start Codon
Point Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Heterozygous
Crosses
Repressible Systems
47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Plasmids
Gene
Testcross
48. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Purines
Transcription
Transformation
Crosses
49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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50. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Incomplete Dominance
Triplet Code
Genotype
Parental (P Generation)