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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






2. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






4. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






10. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






12. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






16. Individuals being crossed






17. Cell burst






18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






19. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






25. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






26. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






29. New codon may be a stop codon






30. Initiation - elongation - and termination






31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






33. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






37. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






46. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






49. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






50. Basic unit of heredity