Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






2. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






4. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






5. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






9. Cell burst






10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






12. Cytosine and thymine






13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






15. Adenine and guanine






16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






17. Individuals being crossed






18. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






19. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






22. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


32. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






33. New codon may be a stop codon






34. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Genetic makeup of an individual






38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






44. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






46. Where protein synthesis occurs






47. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






48. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






49. Basic unit of heredity






50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group