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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






2. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






5. Progeny generations






6. Consists of structural genes






7. Organisms that carry two different alleles






8. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






9. Individuals being crossed






10. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






11. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






15. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






16. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






17. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






19. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






20. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






21. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






22. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






23. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






24. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






25. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






26. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






27. New codon may code for the same amino acid






28. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






29. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






32. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






33. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






34. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






36. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






37. Where protein synthesis occurs






38. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






39. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Short segments from lagging strand






42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






43. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






44. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






45. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






46. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






47. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






48. Basic unit of heredity






49. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters