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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






2. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






5. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






6. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






7. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






9. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






10. Location of genes on DNA






11. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






12. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






13. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






14. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






17. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. Basic unit of heredity






21. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






25. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






26. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






27. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






28. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






29. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






33. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






34. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






37. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






38. Where protein synthesis occurs






39. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






40. Progeny generations






41. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






42. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






43. Cell burst






44. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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45. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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48. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






49. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus