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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






2. Occurs when linked genes are separated






3. Organisms that carry two different alleles






4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






5. Adenine and guanine






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






8. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






11. Chromosome fragment






12. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






13. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






14. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






18. Consists of structural genes






19. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






22. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






25. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






26. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






27. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






28. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






29. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






30. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






31. New codon may code for the same amino acid






32. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






33. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






34. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






35. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






37. Cytosine and thymine






38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






41. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






42. Initiation - elongation - and termination






43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






44. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






45. New codon may be a stop codon






46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






47. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






48. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






49. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






50. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons







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