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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






2. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






3. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






4. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. Short segments from lagging strand






7. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






8. Basic unit of heredity






9. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






10. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






11. Cell burst






12. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






13. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






14. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






15. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






16. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






19. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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20. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






21. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






22. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






23. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






26. Chromosome fragment






27. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






28. Individuals being crossed






29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






31. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






32. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






33. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






34. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






35. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






36. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






37. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






38. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






39. Location of genes on DNA






40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






41. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






44. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






45. Cytosine and thymine






46. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






47. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






48. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






49. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






50. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands