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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for a different amino acid






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






4. Occurs when linked genes are separated






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






7. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






8. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






9. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






11. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






14. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






15. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






17. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






19. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. Basic unit of heredity






22. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






25. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






26. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






27. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






28. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






29. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






32. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






33. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






36. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






37. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






40. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






41. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






49. New codon may code for the same amino acid






50. Initiation - elongation - and termination