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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






5. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






6. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






7. New codon may be a stop codon






8. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






9. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






10. Short segments from lagging strand






11. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






12. Cytosine and thymine






13. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






14. Adenine and guanine






15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






16. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






17. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






18. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






19. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






22. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






23. Organisms that carry two different alleles






24. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






25. Initiation - elongation - and termination






26. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






27. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






28. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






29. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






33. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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34. Occurs when linked genes are separated






35. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






36. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






37. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






38. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






39. New codon may code for the same amino acid






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






42. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






43. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






45. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






48. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






49. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






50. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity







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