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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






5. Where protein synthesis occurs






6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






13. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






15. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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16. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






17. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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18. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






21. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






22. New codon may code for the same amino acid






23. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






26. Short segments from lagging strand






27. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






28. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






29. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






31. Chromosome fragment






32. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






33. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






34. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






35. Individuals being crossed






36. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






37. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






38. New codon may code for a different amino acid






39. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






41. Genetic makeup of an individual






42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






43. Basic unit of heredity






44. Adenine and guanine






45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






47. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






48. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






49. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






50. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism