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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






5. Cell burst






6. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






7. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






8. Basic unit of heredity






9. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






10. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






11. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


12. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






16. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






17. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






18. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






19. Consists of structural genes






20. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


21. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






22. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






23. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






26. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






28. Adenine and guanine






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






31. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Genetic makeup of an individual






33. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






34. New codon may code for a different amino acid






35. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






36. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






37. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






38. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






39. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






41. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






42. New codon may code for the same amino acid






43. Occurs when linked genes are separated






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


47. New codon may be a stop codon






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. Cytosine and thymine






50. Location of genes on DNA