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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. Chromosome fragment






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Basic unit of heredity






5. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






6. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






7. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






8. Organisms that carry two different alleles






9. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






10. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






11. Genetic makeup of an individual






12. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






13. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






14. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






16. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






17. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






19. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






20. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






22. New codon may code for a different amino acid






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






25. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






26. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






27. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






28. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






30. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






31. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






32. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






33. Cytosine and thymine






34. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






35. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


36. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






39. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






40. New codon may be a stop codon






41. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






42. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






44. Short segments from lagging strand






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Consists of structural genes






47. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


48. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






50. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism