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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Semiconservative
Transcription
DNA
Mutable
2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Bacterial Genome
Pyrimidines
Inducible Systems
Genetic Code
3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Recessive Allele
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Phenotype
Semiconservative
4. Location of genes on DNA
Virulent
Codominance
RNA
Chromosomes
5. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transduction
Nondisjunction
Codominance
6. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Lyse
Ribosomes
Messenger mRNA
Lagging Strand
7. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Transcription
Crosses
Silent Mutation
Environmental Factors
8. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Gene
Antibody resistance
Dihybrid Cross
9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Missense Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomes
10. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Gene
DNA Replication
11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Regulator Gene
Chromosomes
Codons
Triplet Code
12. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Antibody resistance
Bacterial Replication
Dihybrid Cross
Mendelian Genetics
13. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Frameshift Mutation
Codominance
Alleles
14. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Genetics
Plasmid
Translocation
15. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Transcription
tRNA Job
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Backcross
16. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Lyse
Codons
Testcross
17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Chromosomal Breakage
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Backcross
Lytic Cycle
18. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Crosses
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Lyse
19. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Environmental Factors
Nondisjunction
Ribosomes
20. Chromosome fragment
Repressible Systems
Mutations
Synonyms
Plasmid
21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Crosses
Inducible Systems
Leading Strand
Inducer-Repressor Complex
22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Transcription
DNA Replication
Sex Linked Recessives
Mendelian Genetics
23. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Promoter gene
Genetic Code
Leading Strand
Antibody resistance
24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Heterozygous
Bacteriophage
Monohybrid Cross
Genetics
25. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Genetic Code
Transduction
RNA
26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
DNA
Promoter gene
Environmental Factors
Lysogenic Cycle
27. Adenine and guanine
Regulator Gene
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Repressible Systems
Purines
28. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutable
Semiconservative
Repressible Systems
29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Nondisjunction
Lytic Cycle
Nucleotide
Polypeptide Synthesis
30. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Gene
Synonyms
Start Codon
31. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Peptide Bond
Regulator Gene
Transcription
Leading Strand
32. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Punnet Square Diagram
Complementary Base-Pairing
RNA
33. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Drosophila Melanogaster
Dihybrid Cross
Lysogenic Cycle
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
34. Genetic makeup of an individual
A-site
Genotype
Messenger mRNA
Heterozygous
35. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Gene Mutation
Termination Codons
Semiconservative
Chromosomal Breakage
36. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Transformation
DNA
Gene Mutation
tRNA Job
37. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Lagging Strand
Nondisjunction
RNA
Backcross
38. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Operator Gene
tRNA Job
Recessive Allele
Ribosomes
39. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Chromosomes
Recombination
Sex Linked Recessives
40. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Dihybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transduction
Ribosomes
41. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Frameshift Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Missense Mutation
Point Mutation
42. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Peptide Bond
Synonyms
Silent Mutation
Monohybrid Cross
43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Backcross
Testcross
Episomes
44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Pyrimidines
Codons
Operon
45. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
DNA Replication
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Phenotype
46. Consists of structural genes
Phenotype
Peptide Bond
Genotype
Operon
47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Translation
DNA
Dihybrid Cross
48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Lagging Strand
Promoter gene
Backcross
49. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Start Codon
Varions
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
50. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Dihybrid Cross
Anticodon
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Start Codon