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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






3. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. Occurs when linked genes are separated






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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7. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Initiation - elongation - and termination






10. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






11. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






12. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






14. Consists of structural genes






15. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






17. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






19. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






21. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






22. Organisms that carry two different alleles






23. Basic unit of heredity






24. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






25. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






26. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






30. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






31. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






36. Cell burst






37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






40. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






42. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






43. Location of genes on DNA






44. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






46. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






47. Where protein synthesis occurs






48. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






49. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






50. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle