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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






2. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






3. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






4. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






5. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






11. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






12. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






13. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






14. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






15. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






16. Where protein synthesis occurs






17. Occurs when linked genes are separated






18. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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19. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






20. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






21. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






22. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






23. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






27. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






28. New codon may code for the same amino acid






29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






30. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






31. New codon may code for a different amino acid






32. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






33. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






37. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






38. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






39. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






42. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






43. Organisms that carry two different alleles






44. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






48. Progeny generations






49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells