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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






7. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






8. Chromosome fragment






9. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






10. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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11. Organisms that carry two different alleles






12. Cell burst






13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






14. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






17. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






18. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






19. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






20. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






21. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






22. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






23. New codon may be a stop codon






24. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






25. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. Genetic makeup of an individual






28. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






30. Individuals being crossed






31. Short segments from lagging strand






32. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






33. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






35. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






39. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






40. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






41. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






43. Adenine and guanine






44. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






45. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






46. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






47. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






48. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






49. Initiation - elongation - and termination






50. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon