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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Bacterial Genome
Bacteriophage
Point Mutation
2. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Transcription
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Translation
P-site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
5. Individuals being crossed
Sex Linked
Parental (P Generation)
Bacterial Genome
Regulator Gene
6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mutations
Double-Stranded Helix
Heterozygous
Synonyms
7. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
tRNA Job
Backcross
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
8. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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9. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Bacterial Genome
Bacteriophage
Transformation
Lysogenic Cycle
10. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Dihybrid Cross
Nucleotide
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Messenger mRNA
11. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Ribosomes
P-site
Genetics
Translation
12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Elongation
Transcription
Mutable
Translocation
13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Genetics
Translation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Elongation
14. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Chromosomal Breakage
Alleles
Plasmid
Pyrimidines
15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Transformation
Operon
Homozygous
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Virulent
Lysogenic Cycle
Start Codon
P-site
17. Consists of structural genes
Nondisjunction
Operon
Plasmid
Genetics
18. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
RNA
Operator Gene
Punnet Square Diagram
Promoter gene
19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Polypeptide Synthesis
Lysogenic Cycle
Translocation
Drosophila Melanogaster
20. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Genotype
Incomplete Dominance
A-site
Chromosomal Breakage
21. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Lysogenic Cycle
Start Codon
22. Cell burst
Lysogenic Cycle
Lyse
Heterozygous
Nucleotide
23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Okazaki fragments
Leading Strand
Alleles
Complementary Base-Pairing
24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Plasmids
Translocation
P-site
25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Antibody resistance
Lysogenic Cycle
Bacterial Genome
26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Transduction
Autosomes
Gene Mutation
27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Nondisjunction
Mendel's Law of Dominance
DNA Replication
Nucleotide
28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Phenotype
Termination Codons
Lagging Strand
Double-Stranded Helix
29. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
tRNA Job
Messenger mRNA
Dihybrid Cross
Chromosomes
30. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Codons
Chromosomes
Codominance
Mutagenic Agents
31. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Monohybrid Cross
Episomes
Homozygous
Recombination
32. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Translation
Mutations
Ribosomes
Heredity
33. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacteriophage
Punnet Square Diagram
Semiconservative
34. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Mutagenic Agents
Silent Mutation
Elongation
P-site
35. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
A-site
Mendel's Law of Dominance
36. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Semiconservative
Episomes
Phenotype
Transformation
37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Codons
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Silent Mutation
Termination Codons
Transcription
Environmental Factors
39. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Nondisjunction
Regulator Gene
Genetic Code
40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Pyrimidines
Synonyms
Silent Mutation
Transcription
41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Frameshift Mutation
Recombination
Transformation
Antibody resistance
42. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Bacterial Genome
Dominant Allele
Missense Mutation
Regulator Gene
43. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Bacterial Genome
Gene Mutation
Monohybrid Cross
Leading Strand
44. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Frameshift Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
Sex Linked
45. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Mutable
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Synonyms
46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Silent Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Inducible Systems
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
47. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Regulator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Double-Stranded Helix
48. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
Messenger mRNA
P-site
Punnet Square Diagram
49. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Monocistronic
Recombination
Leading Strand
50. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Monohybrid Cross
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Nonsense Mutation