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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Polyribosome
Elongation
Recessive Allele
2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Regulator Gene
Conjugation
Anticodon
3. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Leading Strand
Mendelian Genetics
Termination Codons
Translation
4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Chromosomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked Recessives
Transformation
5. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
tRNA Job
Transcription
Lytic Cycle
Genotype
6. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Lagging Strand
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Homozygous
7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Recombination
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Dominant Allele
8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
DNA Replication
Complementary Base-Pairing
Gene
9. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Inducible Systems
10. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
DNA
Homozygous
Double-Stranded Helix
Nondisjunction
11. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Regulator Gene
Heterozygous
Plasmids
Recessive Allele
12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Virulent
Sex Linked Recessives
Repressible Systems
Testcross
13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Environmental Factors
Polypeptide Synthesis
Ribosomes
Binary fission
14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Incomplete Dominance
Transcription
Plasmids
Environmental Factors
15. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Transcription
Start Codon
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Environmental Factors
16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Elongation
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutations
Monocistronic
17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Elongation
Bacterial Genome
Monocistronic
Recessive Allele
18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Missense Mutation
Chromosomes
Sex Linked
Nondisjunction
19. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Inducible Systems
Nonsense Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
20. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Nondisjunction
Lytic Cycle
Heterozygous
21. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Polypeptide Synthesis
Phenotype
Missense Mutation
Genotype
22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Punnet Square Diagram
Binary fission
Translation
Varions
23. Cell burst
Transcription
Alleles
Peptide Bond
Lyse
24. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Dominant Allele
Promoter gene
Chromosomal Breakage
Episomes
25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Antibody resistance
Conjugation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
26. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Mutations
Nonsense Mutation
Polyribosome
Nucleotide
27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Punnet Square Diagram
DNA Replication
Conjugation
28. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutagenic Agents
Dihybrid Cross
Pyrimidines
29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Heterozygous
Heredity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
30. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Antibody resistance
Polyribosome
Parental (P Generation)
31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Bacterial Genome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Leading Strand
32. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Conjugation
RNA
P-site
Transcription
33. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Repressible Systems
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomes
Heredity
34. Chromosome fragment
Testcross
Conjugation
Synonyms
Plasmid
35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Codominance
Missense Mutation
Messenger mRNA
Transcription
36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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37. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Start Codon
Virulent
Transcription
38. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Binary fission
Polypeptide Synthesis
Phenotype
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Bacterial Replication
Transformation
Lysogenic Cycle
Phenotype
40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Sex Linked
Alleles
Plasmids
Homozygous
41. Genetic makeup of an individual
Synonyms
Mutable
Genotype
Promoter gene
42. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Polyribosome
Dihybrid Cross
Synonyms
43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Elongation
Missense Mutation
Virulent
Recombination
44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Filial (F generations)
Polyribosome
Repressible Systems
Semiconservative
45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Pyrimidines
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
P-site
46. Adenine and guanine
Mutations
Purines
Operon
Ribosomes
47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
Sex Linked
48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transformation
Virulent
Heredity
Dihybrid Cross
49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Purines
Codominance
Crosses
50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Termination Codons
Plasmids
Genetic Code
Transcription
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