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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






4. New codon may be a stop codon






5. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






6. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






7. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






9. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






10. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






12. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






14. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






15. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






17. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






19. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






25. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






29. Adenine and guanine






30. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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32. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






38. Chromosome fragment






39. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






42. Organisms that carry two different alleles






43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






44. Basic unit of heredity






45. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






48. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






50. Consists of structural genes







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