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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Location of genes on DNA






2. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






3. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






5. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






6. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






7. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






9. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






10. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






11. Short segments from lagging strand






12. Adenine and guanine






13. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






14. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






17. New codon may be a stop codon






18. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






19. Cell burst






20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






21. Genetic makeup of an individual






22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






23. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






28. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






29. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






30. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






31. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






34. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






35. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






36. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






37. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






38. Initiation - elongation - and termination






39. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






40. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






41. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






42. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






44. Chromosome fragment






45. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






46. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






47. Basic unit of heredity






48. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






49. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


50. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom