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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Mutations
Mutagenic Agents
Episomes
DNA
2. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Transcription
P-site
Mendelian Genetics
3. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Homozygous
Regulator Gene
Lagging Strand
4. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Heterozygous
DNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Repressible Systems
5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Elongation
Lyse
Missense Mutation
Codominance
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Nonsense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
Lyse
Chromosomes
7. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Autosomes
Ribosomes
Messenger mRNA
8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Codons
Punnet Square Diagram
Translocation
Environmental Factors
9. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Transduction
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Start Codon
Termination Codons
10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codons
Incomplete Dominance
Alleles
11. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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12. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Punnet Square Diagram
Phenotype
DNA
tRNA Job
14. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Environmental Factors
Purines
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
15. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
16. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Ribosomes
Polyribosome
Gene Mutation
Nucleotide
17. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Varions
Transcription
Frameshift Mutation
18. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Synonyms
Inducible Systems
Autosomes
Gene
19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Inducer-Repressor Complex
DNA Replication
Synonyms
Virulent
20. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Operon
Peptide Bond
Frameshift Mutation
Leading Strand
21. Progeny generations
Transformation
Conjugation
Filial (F generations)
Genetics
22. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Okazaki fragments
Genotype
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Lagging Strand
23. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Homozygous
Anticodon
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Translocation
Purines
Elongation
25. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Antibody resistance
Mutations
tRNA Job
Purines
26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Nonsense Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Sex Linked
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
27. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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28. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Gene Mutation
Filial (F generations)
Genetics
29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Transduction
Semiconservative
Testcross
Mutagenic Agents
30. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Dominant Allele
Incomplete Dominance
Semiconservative
DNA Replication
31. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Sex Linked Recessives
Operator Gene
Okazaki fragments
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Gene Mutation
Conjugation
Lysogenic Cycle
Chromosomes
33. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Mutations
Purines
Binary fission
Transformation
34. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Lyse
Dihybrid Cross
Peptide Bond
Transformation
35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Bacterial Replication
Peptide Bond
Binary fission
36. Consists of structural genes
Nucleotide
Codons
Gene
Operon
37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Heterozygous
Translocation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
tRNA Job
38. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Gene
Genetic Code
Parental (P Generation)
Conjugation
39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Episomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
Chromosomal Breakage
40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Recessive Allele
Testcross
Mutable
DNA
41. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Punnet Square Diagram
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recombination
42. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Phenotype
Environmental Factors
Operator Gene
Okazaki fragments
43. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
DNA Replication
Recessive Allele
Point Mutation
44. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Mutable
Regulator Gene
Heterozygous
Anticodon
45. New codon may be a stop codon
Operon
Monohybrid Cross
Antibody resistance
Nonsense Mutation
46. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Ribosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mutagenic Agents
Transcription
47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Messenger mRNA
Conjugation
RNA
Alleles
48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Mutagenic Agents
Messenger mRNA
Transcription
Plasmids
49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Nondisjunction
Anticodon
Transcription
Inducible Systems
50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Autosomes
Bacterial Genome
Point Mutation
Ribosomes