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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genetic makeup of an individual






2. Cytosine and thymine






3. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






5. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






6. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






7. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






8. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






9. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






10. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






11. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






12. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






13. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






14. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






15. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






16. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






18. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






19. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






20. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






24. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






25. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






28. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






29. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






30. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






31. Progeny generations






32. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






33. Occurs when linked genes are separated






34. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






36. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






37. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






38. Cell burst






39. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






40. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






41. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






42. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






45. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






47. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






48. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






49. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






50. Consists of structural genes







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