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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






3. Individuals being crossed






4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






6. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






7. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






12. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






13. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






14. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






15. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






16. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






18. Progeny generations






19. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






21. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






22. New codon may be a stop codon






23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






24. Short segments from lagging strand






25. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






26. Where protein synthesis occurs






27. Cytosine and thymine






28. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






31. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






35. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






36. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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37. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Occurs when linked genes are separated






40. Organisms that carry two different alleles






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






43. Consists of structural genes






44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






45. Genetic makeup of an individual






46. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






47. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)