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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






2. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






3. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






6. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. Genetic makeup of an individual






10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






11. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






12. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






14. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






15. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






16. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






17. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






18. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






21. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






23. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






26. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






27. Occurs when linked genes are separated






28. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






29. Chromosome fragment






30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






31. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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32. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






34. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






35. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






36. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






37. Initiation - elongation - and termination






38. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






41. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






44. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






45. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






46. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






47. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






48. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






50. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons