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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






2. New codon may code for a different amino acid






3. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






4. Adenine and guanine






5. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






6. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






10. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






11. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






12. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






13. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






14. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






15. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






16. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






19. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






23. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






24. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






26. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






28. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






30. New codon may be a stop codon






31. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






32. New codon may code for the same amino acid






33. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






34. Where protein synthesis occurs






35. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






36. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






38. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






39. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






40. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






41. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






43. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






44. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






45. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






46. Progeny generations






47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






48. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






49. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






50. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome