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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Ribosomes
Varions
Regulator Gene
Antibody resistance
2. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Mendelian Genetics
Nondisjunction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Purines
3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Synonyms
Autosomes
Genetics
4. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Homozygous
Start Codon
Semiconservative
Okazaki fragments
5. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Transduction
Codominance
Chromosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
6. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Repressible Systems
Transcription
Translation
7. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Bacterial Genome
Transduction
Nondisjunction
Promoter gene
8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Varions
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
Start Codon
9. Cell burst
Elongation
Lyse
Lysogenic Cycle
Nonsense Mutation
10. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Chromosomes
Leading Strand
Operator Gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
11. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Virulent
Mendelian Genetics
Frameshift Mutation
Chromosomal Breakage
12. Cytosine and thymine
Genotype
Pyrimidines
Parental (P Generation)
Heterozygous
13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Binary fission
Gene Mutation
Start Codon
14. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Genetic Code
Varions
Semiconservative
Incomplete Dominance
15. Adenine and guanine
Ribosomes
DNA
Purines
Punnet Square Diagram
16. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Elongation
Gene Mutation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
17. Individuals being crossed
Incomplete Dominance
Synonyms
Gene Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
18. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Bacteriophage
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genetic Code
Genetics
19. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
DNA Replication
Chromosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
20. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Elongation
Lagging Strand
Messenger mRNA
21. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Polyribosome
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Frameshift Mutation
22. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Antibody resistance
Missense Mutation
Peptide Bond
Nucleotide
23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Mutagenic Agents
Bacterial Genome
Virulent
Start Codon
24. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Chromosomes
Anticodon
Okazaki fragments
Transduction
25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Mutations
Promoter gene
Elongation
Phenotype
26. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Frameshift Mutation
Mendelian Genetics
Translation
Double-Stranded Helix
27. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Heterozygous
tRNA Job
Codons
28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Triplet Code
Sex Linked Recessives
Crosses
Messenger mRNA
29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Transcription
Sex Linked
Monocistronic
Promoter gene
30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Incomplete Dominance
Leading Strand
Gene Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
32. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Pyrimidines
Testcross
Gene
33. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Backcross
Transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
34. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Ribosomes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Purines
Regulator Gene
Genotype
Mutagenic Agents
36. Short segments from lagging strand
Ribosomes
RNA
Okazaki fragments
Varions
37. Genetic makeup of an individual
Translation
Chromosomes
Genotype
Inducer-Repressor Complex
38. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Codons
Mutations
Ribosomes
39. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Nondisjunction
Polyribosome
Triplet Code
Crosses
40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Homozygous
Bacterial Replication
Lytic Cycle
Autosomes
41. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Regulator Gene
Mendelian Genetics
Dominant Allele
Binary fission
42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Filial (F generations)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Mutable
Dominant Allele
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
44. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Virulent
Translation
Chromosomes
45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Genotype
Drosophila Melanogaster
Punnet Square Diagram
46. Where protein synthesis occurs
Genotype
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Ribosomes
47. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
DNA Replication
Chromosomal Breakage
RNA
48. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Silent Mutation
Dominant Allele
Chromosomal Breakage
Testcross
49. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Autosomes
Frameshift Mutation
Phenotype
50. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Filial (F generations)
Sex Linked Recessives
Silent Mutation