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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






2. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






6. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






7. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






8. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






9. Initiation - elongation - and termination






10. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






11. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






13. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






14. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






18. Genetic makeup of an individual






19. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






20. New codon may code for a different amino acid






21. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






22. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






23. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






24. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






25. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






26. Adenine and guanine






27. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






28. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






29. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






30. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






31. Where protein synthesis occurs






32. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






33. Short segments from lagging strand






34. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






35. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






38. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






39. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






43. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






44. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






45. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






46. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






47. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site







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