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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






10. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






11. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






15. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






16. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






17. Basic unit of heredity






18. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






19. Individuals being crossed






20. Initiation - elongation - and termination






21. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






22. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






23. New codon may code for the same amino acid






24. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






27. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






28. Location of genes on DNA






29. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






35. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






37. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






38. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






39. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






43. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






44. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






45. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






46. New codon may be a stop codon






47. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






48. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






49. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness