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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






2. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






5. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






11. Where protein synthesis occurs






12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






13. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






14. Occurs when linked genes are separated






15. Location of genes on DNA






16. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






18. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






19. Chromosome fragment






20. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






21. New codon may code for a different amino acid






22. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






23. Adenine and guanine






24. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






25. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






26. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






27. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






28. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






29. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






30. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






32. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






33. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






34. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






36. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






37. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






39. Organisms that carry two different alleles






40. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






41. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






42. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






43. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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47. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






48. Cytosine and thymine






49. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






50. Individuals being crossed