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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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2. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






5. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






6. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






7. Chromosome fragment






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






10. Individuals being crossed






11. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






12. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






13. Cell burst






14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






15. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






17. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






18. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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19. New codon may code for the same amino acid






20. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






21. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






22. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






24. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






25. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






29. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






32. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






33. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






34. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






35. Occurs when linked genes are separated






36. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






37. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






38. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






40. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






41. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






42. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






43. Consists of structural genes






44. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






45. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






46. Where protein synthesis occurs






47. Organisms that carry two different alleles






48. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e







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