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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Start Codon
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Sex Linked
Filial (F generations)
2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Parental (P Generation)
Genetics
3. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Transduction
Phenotype
Polyribosome
Codominance
4. New codon may be a stop codon
Okazaki fragments
Nonsense Mutation
Transcription
Chromosomes
5. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Ribosomes
P-site
Frameshift Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
6. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Start Codon
Binary fission
Anticodon
DNA Replication
7. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Polypeptide Synthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Backcross
Missense Mutation
8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Heredity
Nucleotide
DNA Replication
Silent Mutation
9. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
DNA
Punnet Square Diagram
Filial (F generations)
A-site
10. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Regulator Gene
Translation
Point Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Mutagenic Agents
Heterozygous
Codominance
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
12. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Ribosomes
Synonyms
Recessive Allele
Point Mutation
13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Recessive Allele
Bacterial Genome
RNA
14. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Genetic Code
Mutations
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Conjugation
15. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Termination Codons
Bacterial Genome
Plasmids
Repressible Systems
16. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Homozygous
Peptide Bond
Codons
Testcross
17. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Codons
Monocistronic
Double-Stranded Helix
18. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
tRNA Job
Testcross
Codons
19. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Recombination
Binary fission
Testcross
Lysogenic Cycle
20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Recessive Allele
Transcription
Genotype
21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Dihybrid Cross
Translocation
Sex Linked Recessives
22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Virulent
DNA
Homozygous
Bacteriophage
23. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Heredity
Heterozygous
Conjugation
Polyribosome
24. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Lyse
Environmental Factors
A-site
RNA
25. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Chromosomal Breakage
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Plasmid
Lysogenic Cycle
26. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Sex Linked
Crosses
Incomplete Dominance
Lysogenic Cycle
27. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Repressible Systems
Start Codon
Dihybrid Cross
Semiconservative
28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Antibody resistance
Genetic Code
Sex Linked
Plasmids
29. Adenine and guanine
Gene
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Purines
Virulent
30. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Bacterial Replication
P-site
Transduction
Phenotype
31. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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32. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Nucleotide
Messenger mRNA
Lagging Strand
Semiconservative
34. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Transformation
Incomplete Dominance
Elongation
35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Lyse
Chromosomal Breakage
Ribosomes
Mutable
36. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Mutable
Incomplete Dominance
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
37. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
Inducer-Repressor Complex
38. Chromosome fragment
Alleles
Plasmid
Inducible Systems
Genetic Code
39. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Lyse
Polypeptide Synthesis
Start Codon
Conjugation
40. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Start Codon
Gene
Lytic Cycle
Monocistronic
41. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutagenic Agents
42. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
A-site
Codominance
Mendelian Genetics
43. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Filial (F generations)
Polyribosome
Plasmids
DNA
44. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
RNA
Bacterial Genome
Nonsense Mutation
45. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Genetic Code
Genotype
Synonyms
Repressible Systems
46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Gene
Nucleotide
Start Codon
Mutagenic Agents
47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Autosomes
Heredity
Mutagenic Agents
48. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Plasmids
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
Phenotype
49. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
Drosophila Melanogaster
Promoter gene
50. Consists of structural genes
Repressible Systems
Operon
Transcription
Lysogenic Cycle
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