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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Virulent
Bacteriophage
Termination Codons
Translation
2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mutagenic Agents
Recessive Allele
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacteriophage
3. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Homozygous
Transcription
Translation
Inducible Systems
4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nucleotide
Polypeptide Synthesis
Dominant Allele
Nondisjunction
5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Transcription
DNA
Polyribosome
6. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
tRNA Job
Transcription
Monohybrid Cross
Translation
7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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8. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Autosomes
Start Codon
Semiconservative
Nonsense Mutation
9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Lysogenic Cycle
Chromosomes
Polypeptide Synthesis
10. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
A-site
Genetic Code
Bacterial Replication
Genotype
11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Point Mutation
Varions
A-site
Alleles
12. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Transduction
Polyribosome
Operon
Binary fission
13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Monohybrid Cross
Episomes
RNA
Elongation
14. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Nucleotide
Gene
Recombination
Genetics
15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Antibody resistance
Monocistronic
16. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Dominant Allele
Genetic Code
Codons
17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Dihybrid Cross
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Episomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
18. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Transformation
Polyribosome
Dihybrid Cross
Silent Mutation
19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Recombination
Varions
Parental (P Generation)
DNA
20. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Purines
Gene
Gene Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
21. Adenine and guanine
Chromosomal Breakage
Gene Mutation
Purines
Plasmids
22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Inducible Systems
Lyse
Mendelian Genetics
Pyrimidines
23. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Codons
Point Mutation
Gene Mutation
Genetics
24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Gene Mutation
Recombination
Genetic Code
Point Mutation
25. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Operator Gene
Drosophila Melanogaster
Homozygous
Bacteriophage
26. Progeny generations
Purines
Synonyms
Sex Linked Recessives
Filial (F generations)
27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Translocation
Translation
Point Mutation
DNA Replication
28. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Backcross
Triplet Code
Mutations
29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Purines
Autosomes
Semiconservative
30. Cytosine and thymine
Monohybrid Cross
DNA Replication
Transcription
Pyrimidines
31. New codon may be a stop codon
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Nonsense Mutation
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked Recessives
32. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Lyse
Synonyms
Mutations
Monohybrid Cross
33. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Repressible Systems
Anticodon
Peptide Bond
34. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Autosomes
Plasmid
Monohybrid Cross
35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Conjugation
Chromosomal Breakage
36. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Point Mutation
Episomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
37. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Promoter gene
Semiconservative
Punnet Square Diagram
38. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Anticodon
A-site
39. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Antibody resistance
Parental (P Generation)
Operator Gene
tRNA Job
40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Missense Mutation
Heredity
Bacterial Genome
Filial (F generations)
41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Bacteriophage
Transformation
Bacterial Genome
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
42. Cell burst
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Lyse
Sex Linked Recessives
Lagging Strand
43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
DNA Replication
Messenger mRNA
Codominance
Homozygous
44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Bacterial Replication
DNA
Frameshift Mutation
Sex Linked Recessives
45. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Polyribosome
Dominant Allele
Synonyms
Nondisjunction
46. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Termination Codons
Plasmid
Ribosomes
47. Individuals being crossed
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recessive Allele
DNA Replication
48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Binary fission
Ribosomes
Phenotype
Lagging Strand
49. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Pyrimidines
Lyse
Mutable
50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Translation
Codons
Peptide Bond
Recessive Allele