Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






4. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






5. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






6. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






7. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






8. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






9. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






10. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






12. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






13. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






16. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






17. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






18. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






19. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






20. New codon may be a stop codon






21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






22. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






24. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






25. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






27. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






28. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






29. Occurs when linked genes are separated






30. Organisms that carry two different alleles






31. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






32. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






33. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






34. New codon may code for a different amino acid






35. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






36. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






37. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






38. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






41. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






42. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






43. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


44. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






45. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






46. Initiation - elongation - and termination






47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






48. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






49. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






50. Chromosome fragment