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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Inducible Systems
Translation
Point Mutation
2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Polyribosome
Translocation
Termination Codons
Transcription
3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Translocation
Termination Codons
tRNA Job
4. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Codons
Transcription
Polyribosome
Chromosomal Breakage
5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Phenotype
Frameshift Mutation
Point Mutation
6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Pyrimidines
Peptide Bond
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Operon
7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Pyrimidines
Translation
Recessive Allele
Sex Linked
8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Mendelian Genetics
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Bacteriophage
9. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Heredity
Sex Linked Recessives
A-site
Operon
10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Chromosomes
Monocistronic
Repressible Systems
11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Environmental Factors
Repressible Systems
Synonyms
Double-Stranded Helix
12. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Bacterial Genome
DNA Replication
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
13. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Start Codon
Conjugation
Homozygous
14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Transcription
Genotype
Regulator Gene
15. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Genetic Code
Sex Linked
Leading Strand
Polypeptide Synthesis
16. Where protein synthesis occurs
Monocistronic
Heterozygous
Ribosomes
Lagging Strand
17. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Termination Codons
Leading Strand
Backcross
P-site
18. Genetic makeup of an individual
Testcross
Autosomes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Genotype
19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Elongation
Mutations
Heredity
Operator Gene
20. Short segments from lagging strand
Pyrimidines
Inducible Systems
Okazaki fragments
Translocation
21. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Environmental Factors
Punnet Square Diagram
Conjugation
22. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Genetic Code
Chromosomal Breakage
Plasmid
Purines
23. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Monohybrid Cross
Alleles
Monocistronic
24. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Ribosomes
25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Environmental Factors
Semiconservative
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Replication
26. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Parental (P Generation)
Sex Linked
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
27. Adenine and guanine
Triplet Code
Purines
Start Codon
Autosomes
28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Episomes
Phenotype
Double-Stranded Helix
Nucleotide
29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Operon
Antibody resistance
Virulent
Purines
30. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Missense Mutation
Episomes
Promoter gene
31. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Semiconservative
Transformation
Bacterial Genome
Lyse
32. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Dihybrid Cross
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Silent Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Promoter gene
34. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Transduction
Virulent
Drosophila Melanogaster
RNA
35. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Filial (F generations)
Ribosomes
Monocistronic
Inducer-Repressor Complex
36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Anticodon
Peptide Bond
Testcross
37. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Lytic Cycle
Heredity
Inducible Systems
38. Individuals being crossed
Nucleotide
Promoter gene
Leading Strand
Parental (P Generation)
39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
Inducible Systems
40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Regulator Gene
Alleles
Phenotype
Conjugation
41. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Mutable
Testcross
Genotype
Incomplete Dominance
42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Recessive Allele
Episomes
Alleles
Genetics
43. Cell burst
Mendelian Genetics
Bacterial Genome
Varions
Lyse
44. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Genotype
DNA
Homozygous
Sex Linked
45. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Punnet Square Diagram
Messenger mRNA
Gene
Recombination
46. Basic unit of heredity
Codons
Gene
Dominant Allele
Mendelian Genetics
47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Environmental Factors
Parental (P Generation)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
48. Cytosine and thymine
Pyrimidines
Regulator Gene
Synonyms
Leading Strand
49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Double-Stranded Helix
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Repressible Systems
Codons
50. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Messenger mRNA
Sex Linked
Lyse
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