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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may be a stop codon
Environmental Factors
Nonsense Mutation
Testcross
Recessive Allele
2. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Autosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Leading Strand
Nondisjunction
3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
RNA
Ribosomes
Codons
Monocistronic
4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
RNA
Translocation
Recombination
Complementary Base-Pairing
5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Regulator Gene
Operator Gene
Environmental Factors
6. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Alleles
Peptide Bond
Mendelian Genetics
Recombination
7. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Leading Strand
Lytic Cycle
Plasmids
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
8. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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9. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Recombination
Semiconservative
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Termination Codons
10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Elongation
Codominance
Environmental Factors
11. Organisms that carry two different alleles
RNA
Translation
Heterozygous
Monocistronic
12. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Episomes
Elongation
Parental (P Generation)
13. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Punnet Square Diagram
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nucleotide
14. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Binary fission
Operator Gene
Start Codon
Point Mutation
15. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Translation
Bacteriophage
Anticodon
Autosomes
16. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Silent Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Triplet Code
Nondisjunction
17. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Chromosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Regulator Gene
P-site
18. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Translation
A-site
Bacterial Genome
Nondisjunction
19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Lysogenic Cycle
Backcross
Virulent
Triplet Code
20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Mutagenic Agents
Frameshift Mutation
Operon
Semiconservative
21. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Lysogenic Cycle
Homozygous
Repressible Systems
Crosses
22. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked Recessives
Mendelian Genetics
Triplet Code
Sex Linked
23. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Ribosomes
Lyse
Nondisjunction
24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Phenotype
Dominant Allele
Start Codon
RNA
25. Adenine and guanine
Purines
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Messenger mRNA
Chromosomal Breakage
26. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Heredity
Inducible Systems
Leading Strand
Transformation
27. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Synonyms
Filial (F generations)
Mutable
Drosophila Melanogaster
28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Conjugation
Polyribosome
Transcription
Heredity
29. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Recessive Allele
Dominant Allele
Binary fission
Phenotype
30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Ribosomes
Okazaki fragments
Purines
31. Location of genes on DNA
RNA
Nondisjunction
Phenotype
Chromosomes
32. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Lyse
Point Mutation
Missense Mutation
Operator Gene
33. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Replication
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transcription
34. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Monohybrid Cross
Codominance
Plasmid
Pyrimidines
35. Progeny generations
Heterozygous
Environmental Factors
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Filial (F generations)
36. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Mutable
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Silent Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
P-site
Virulent
RNA
Conjugation
38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles
Bacteriophage
Plasmids
39. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Genotype
Point Mutation
Transduction
Termination Codons
40. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Chromosomal Breakage
tRNA Job
Transcription
41. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Okazaki fragments
Binary fission
DNA Replication
Antibody resistance
42. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Sex Linked
Lysogenic Cycle
Mendelian Genetics
Ribosomes
43. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Transcription
Plasmid
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Nondisjunction
44. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Mendelian Genetics
Mutable
Transcription
Regulator Gene
45. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mutagenic Agents
Chromosomal Breakage
Semiconservative
46. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Crosses
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
47. Cytosine and thymine
Alleles
Plasmids
Pyrimidines
Episomes
48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Binary fission
Autosomes
Environmental Factors
Translocation
49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Gene
Transduction
tRNA Job
Point Mutation
50. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
P-site
Lagging Strand
Varions
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment