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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Heterozygous
Mendelian Genetics
Recombination
Elongation
2. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
3. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Ribosomes
Incomplete Dominance
tRNA Job
4. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Complementary Base-Pairing
Lagging Strand
5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Dihybrid Cross
Point Mutation
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Lagging Strand
6. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Translation
Heterozygous
Lytic Cycle
7. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Operon
DNA Replication
Filial (F generations)
Dihybrid Cross
8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Alleles
Genetics
Heredity
Varions
9. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Synonyms
Episomes
Genotype
Elongation
10. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Genetics
Environmental Factors
11. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
12. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Transcription
Codominance
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Double-Stranded Helix
13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Monocistronic
Conjugation
Ribosomes
Phenotype
14. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Episomes
Transduction
Varions
Binary fission
15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Anticodon
Nondisjunction
Bacterial Genome
Operator Gene
16. Cytosine and thymine
Antibody resistance
Bacterial Genome
Conjugation
Pyrimidines
17. Short segments from lagging strand
Dominant Allele
Translocation
Okazaki fragments
Purines
18. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Testcross
Mutagenic Agents
Anticodon
19. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Frameshift Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
Semiconservative
Ribosomes
20. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Start Codon
Polyribosome
Heterozygous
Monocistronic
21. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Autosomes
Gene Mutation
Missense Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
22. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Bacterial Genome
Recessive Allele
Drosophila Melanogaster
Monocistronic
23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Crosses
Alleles
Inducible Systems
Missense Mutation
24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Mutagenic Agents
Dominant Allele
Silent Mutation
Homozygous
25. Genetic makeup of an individual
Plasmid
Genotype
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
26. Cell burst
Lyse
Drosophila Melanogaster
RNA
Transcription
27. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Autosomes
Bacteriophage
Termination Codons
Codons
28. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Lagging Strand
Genetics
Transduction
Messenger mRNA
29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Binary fission
Operon
Alleles
Transcription
30. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Operon
Crosses
31. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Plasmid
DNA Replication
Lagging Strand
32. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Transcription
Bacteriophage
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Homozygous
33. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Antibody resistance
Triplet Code
Binary fission
Synonyms
34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Dominant Allele
Codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Gene
35. Chromosome fragment
Elongation
Okazaki fragments
Plasmid
Semiconservative
36. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Promoter gene
Silent Mutation
Heterozygous
37. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Homozygous
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Episomes
Lytic Cycle
38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Heredity
Genotype
Mendel's Law of Dominance
39. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Bacterial Replication
Transcription
Incomplete Dominance
Genetics
40. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Nucleotide
Crosses
Transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Sex Linked
Transformation
Chromosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
42. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Plasmids
Repressible Systems
Promoter gene
Semiconservative
43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Okazaki fragments
tRNA Job
Dihybrid Cross
44. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Polyribosome
Point Mutation
Binary fission
Crosses
45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Operator Gene
Chromosomes
Lytic Cycle
46. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Varions
Sex Linked Recessives
Anticodon
Promoter gene
47. Location of genes on DNA
Binary fission
Pyrimidines
Double-Stranded Helix
Chromosomes
48. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Conjugation
Environmental Factors
A-site
Peptide Bond
49. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmids
RNA
Autosomes
50. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Incomplete Dominance
Binary fission