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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






2. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






3. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






4. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






5. Chromosome fragment






6. Cytosine and thymine






7. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






8. New codon may code for the same amino acid






9. Adenine and guanine






10. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






11. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






12. Consists of structural genes






13. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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15. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






17. Individuals being crossed






18. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






19. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






20. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






21. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






22. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






23. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






24. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






25. Organisms that carry two different alleles






26. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






27. Initiation - elongation - and termination






28. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






29. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






30. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






31. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






32. New codon may be a stop codon






33. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






34. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






35. Cell burst






36. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






37. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






38. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






39. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






40. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






44. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






45. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






46. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






49. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






50. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype







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