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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Ribosomes
Operator Gene
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Sex Linked
2. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Testcross
Recombination
Transformation
Polyribosome
3. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Bacterial Replication
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
4. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Dihybrid Cross
Recombination
Regulator Gene
Crosses
5. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Sex Linked
Anticodon
Inducible Systems
Lagging Strand
6. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Ribosomes
Testcross
Bacterial Replication
Missense Mutation
7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Backcross
Complementary Base-Pairing
Monohybrid Cross
Anticodon
8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Point Mutation
Sex Linked
Lytic Cycle
Lyse
9. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Lyse
Episomes
Codons
Environmental Factors
10. Individuals being crossed
Incomplete Dominance
Parental (P Generation)
Genetics
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
11. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Codons
Transcription
Dominant Allele
Repressible Systems
12. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Semiconservative
Point Mutation
Transduction
DNA Replication
13. Where protein synthesis occurs
Polyribosome
Plasmid
Plasmids
Ribosomes
14. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Genotype
Recessive Allele
Chromosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
15. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Peptide Bond
Termination Codons
Okazaki fragments
Alleles
16. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Mutagenic Agents
Polypeptide Synthesis
DNA Replication
Plasmid
17. Progeny generations
Filial (F generations)
Parental (P Generation)
Codons
Transformation
18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Mutations
Sex Linked Recessives
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
19. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
Translocation
Conjugation
20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Testcross
Complementary Base-Pairing
21. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Recessive Allele
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Environmental Factors
22. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Heredity
Nondisjunction
Drosophila Melanogaster
Monocistronic
23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
P-site
Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
Inducible Systems
24. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Environmental Factors
Point Mutation
tRNA Job
Termination Codons
25. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Transformation
Mutagenic Agents
Mendelian Genetics
Monocistronic
26. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Termination Codons
Genetic Code
Complementary Base-Pairing
Sex Linked
27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Mendelian Genetics
Mutagenic Agents
Codominance
Translocation
28. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Triplet Code
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Varions
DNA Replication
29. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Testcross
Chromosomes
Backcross
30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Triplet Code
Chromosomes
31. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Mutations
Filial (F generations)
Promoter gene
Anticodon
32. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Genetics
Genotype
Lysogenic Cycle
Ribosomes
33. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Peptide Bond
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Regulator Gene
34. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Polypeptide Synthesis
Pyrimidines
Chromosomes
Crosses
35. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Lagging Strand
A-site
Repressible Systems
Elongation
36. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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37. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Genetic Code
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Nonsense Mutation
38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Elongation
Operator Gene
Heredity
Anticodon
39. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Homozygous
Recombination
Semiconservative
Autosomes
40. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Bacteriophage
Triplet Code
Homozygous
41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Lagging Strand
Start Codon
Bacteriophage
Transduction
42. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Nucleotide
Lytic Cycle
Conjugation
Varions
43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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44. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Leading Strand
Phenotype
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Frameshift Mutation
45. Chromosome fragment
Missense Mutation
Inducible Systems
Heredity
Plasmid
46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Termination Codons
Repressible Systems
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
47. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Nucleotide
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Genetic Code
Bacterial Replication
49. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Heterozygous
A-site
Transduction
Bacteriophage
50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Point Mutation
Antibody resistance
Alleles
Silent Mutation