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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






2. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






3. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






4. Short segments from lagging strand






5. Chromosome fragment






6. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






7. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. New codon may code for a different amino acid






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






12. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






13. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






18. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






19. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






21. Consists of structural genes






22. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






24. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






29. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






30. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






32. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






33. New codon may be a stop codon






34. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






35. Individuals being crossed






36. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






37. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






38. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






40. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






41. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






42. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






43. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






44. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






45. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






47. Genetic makeup of an individual






48. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






49. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis