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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Consists of structural genes






3. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






4. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






5. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






6. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






9. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






10. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






11. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






12. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






16. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






17. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






18. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






19. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






20. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






21. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






22. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






23. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






24. New codon may code for the same amino acid






25. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






26. Initiation - elongation - and termination






27. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






28. Progeny generations






29. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






31. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






32. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






33. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






34. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






35. Location of genes on DNA






36. Occurs when linked genes are separated






37. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






38. Individuals being crossed






39. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






40. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






41. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






44. Adenine and guanine






45. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






46. Organisms that carry two different alleles






47. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






48. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






49. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






50. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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