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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for a different amino acid






2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






3. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






6. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






9. Basic unit of heredity






10. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






11. Organisms that carry two different alleles






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






15. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






17. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






19. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






20. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






21. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






23. Cell burst






24. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






25. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






26. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






27. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






28. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






29. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






30. Cytosine and thymine






31. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






32. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






33. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






34. Chromosome fragment






35. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






36. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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37. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






38. Initiation - elongation - and termination






39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






40. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






41. Genetic makeup of an individual






42. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






43. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






45. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






46. Adenine and guanine






47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






48. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






49. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






50. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes







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