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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Translation
RNA
Purines
Dominant Allele
2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Bacteriophage
P-site
DNA Replication
Phenotype
3. Individuals being crossed
Lyse
Termination Codons
Plasmid
Parental (P Generation)
4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Episomes
Frameshift Mutation
Gene Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
5. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Heterozygous
Heredity
Point Mutation
Ribosomes
6. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Operator Gene
Transcription
Complementary Base-Pairing
7. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Promoter gene
Heredity
Operon
Conjugation
8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Mutable
Repressible Systems
P-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
9. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lysogenic Cycle
Lytic Cycle
10. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Double-Stranded Helix
Phenotype
Missense Mutation
Autosomes
11. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Complementary Base-Pairing
Heterozygous
Peptide Bond
Punnet Square Diagram
12. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Dominant Allele
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Promoter gene
Episomes
13. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Genetics
Anticodon
Monohybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
14. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Environmental Factors
Lyse
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Transcription
15. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Translocation
Polyribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transcription
16. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Mutagenic Agents
Translocation
Transcription
17. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Punnet Square Diagram
Nucleotide
Transduction
Heterozygous
18. Progeny generations
Gene Mutation
Nucleotide
Operator Gene
Filial (F generations)
19. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
tRNA Job
Ribosomes
Recessive Allele
Environmental Factors
20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Mutagenic Agents
Ribosomes
Transcription
Antibody resistance
21. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Bacterial Replication
Transformation
Recombination
Codons
22. New codon may be a stop codon
Nonsense Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Codons
Monocistronic
23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Episomes
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Sex Linked
Monocistronic
24. Short segments from lagging strand
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
Okazaki fragments
Nondisjunction
25. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
26. Where protein synthesis occurs
Plasmids
Ribosomes
tRNA Job
DNA
27. Cytosine and thymine
Bacterial Genome
Polyribosome
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Pyrimidines
28. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Regulator Gene
Silent Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Lyse
Conjugation
Genetic Code
Nucleotide
30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Lytic Cycle
Plasmids
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Nucleotide
31. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Lytic Cycle
Complementary Base-Pairing
Codominance
Dihybrid Cross
32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Peptide Bond
Lagging Strand
Elongation
33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Monohybrid Cross
Antibody resistance
Inducer-Repressor Complex
34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
A-site
Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
Transduction
35. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Virulent
36. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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37. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transcription
Inducible Systems
Dominant Allele
Synonyms
38. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Pyrimidines
Regulator Gene
Elongation
Filial (F generations)
39. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Environmental Factors
Recombination
Lytic Cycle
Silent Mutation
40. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Semiconservative
Phenotype
Varions
Heterozygous
41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Translation
Lagging Strand
Complementary Base-Pairing
42. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Homozygous
Varions
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Lyse
43. Consists of structural genes
Environmental Factors
Heterozygous
Operon
Lyse
44. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Synonyms
Anticodon
Messenger mRNA
RNA
45. Genetic makeup of an individual
Crosses
Homozygous
Genotype
Translation
46. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Plasmids
Purines
Episomes
47. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Codominance
Elongation
Ribosomes
48. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Repressible Systems
Virulent
Gene Mutation
Peptide Bond
49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
tRNA Job
Mutagenic Agents
Polyribosome
DNA Replication
50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Lyse
Frameshift Mutation
Transcription
Testcross