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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell burst






2. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






3. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






4. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






5. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






8. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






9. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






10. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






11. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






13. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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14. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






15. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






16. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






17. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






18. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






19. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






20. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






21. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






22. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






25. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






26. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






27. Individuals being crossed






28. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






30. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






31. New codon may be a stop codon






32. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






33. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






35. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






36. Chromosome fragment






37. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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38. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






39. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






40. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






41. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






42. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






43. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






44. Short segments from lagging strand






45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






48. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






49. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






50. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis