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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






2. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






5. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






7. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






8. Location of genes on DNA






9. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






11. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






17. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






18. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






20. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






21. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






22. New codon may code for a different amino acid






23. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






24. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






25. Chromosome fragment






26. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






27. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






29. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






30. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






31. Individuals being crossed






32. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






33. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






37. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






40. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






41. Short segments from lagging strand






42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






43. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






46. Where protein synthesis occurs






47. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






48. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






49. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






50. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters







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