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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






2. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






5. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






6. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






7. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






8. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Short segments from lagging strand






11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






12. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






13. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






14. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






15. Individuals being crossed






16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






17. Initiation - elongation - and termination






18. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






19. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






20. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






21. Progeny generations






22. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






23. Cell burst






24. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






25. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






26. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






27. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






28. Occurs when linked genes are separated






29. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






31. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






32. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






34. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






35. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






39. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






40. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






43. Cytosine and thymine






44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






45. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






46. New codon may code for the same amino acid






47. Genetic makeup of an individual






48. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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50. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced