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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






2. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






3. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






6. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






7. Chromosome fragment






8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






10. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






11. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






12. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






13. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






16. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






17. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






18. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






19. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






21. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






22. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






26. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






27. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






28. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






29. Basic unit of heredity






30. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






31. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






32. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






33. Cell burst






34. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. Adenine and guanine






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






39. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






42. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






43. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






44. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






45. Location of genes on DNA






46. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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47. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






48. Cytosine and thymine






49. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






50. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating