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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Plasmid
Codominance
Punnet Square Diagram
Bacterial Replication
2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Transcription
Genetic Code
Semiconservative
Lytic Cycle
3. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Plasmids
Frameshift Mutation
Missense Mutation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
4. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Chromosomes
Alleles
Testcross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
5. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Bacteriophage
Codons
Episomes
Start Codon
6. Location of genes on DNA
Chromosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lysogenic Cycle
Varions
7. Genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Mendelian Genetics
Operon
Binary fission
8. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutagenic Agents
P-site
9. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Phenotype
Transduction
Heredity
Mutations
10. New codon may be a stop codon
Leading Strand
Lyse
Nonsense Mutation
Point Mutation
11. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Antibody resistance
Plasmids
Mutations
Silent Mutation
13. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Double-Stranded Helix
Peptide Bond
Elongation
Dihybrid Cross
14. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Sex Linked Recessives
Binary fission
Polyribosome
Mutations
15. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Crosses
Lytic Cycle
Bacterial Genome
16. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Phenotype
A-site
Gene Mutation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
17. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Chromosomes
Virulent
Anticodon
18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Polypeptide Synthesis
Translocation
Sex Linked Recessives
Termination Codons
19. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Monocistronic
Chromosomes
Mutagenic Agents
Mutable
20. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Heterozygous
Recessive Allele
21. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Varions
P-site
Genetic Code
Autosomes
22. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Antibody resistance
Mutations
Anticodon
Phenotype
23. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Drosophila Melanogaster
Heterozygous
Genetic Code
24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Lyse
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translation
25. Cell burst
Okazaki fragments
Translation
tRNA Job
Lyse
26. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Ribosomes
Triplet Code
Synonyms
Translation
27. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Testcross
Alleles
Anticodon
Lytic Cycle
28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Frameshift Mutation
Sex Linked
Drosophila Melanogaster
Plasmid
29. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transcription
Transcription
30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lytic Cycle
Frameshift Mutation
31. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Semiconservative
Dominant Allele
Translation
Sex Linked
32. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Mutable
Messenger mRNA
Transformation
Start Codon
34. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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35. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
DNA
Environmental Factors
Heterozygous
Sex Linked Recessives
36. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Heredity
Translocation
Bacterial Replication
Homozygous
37. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Mutations
Chromosomal Breakage
Codominance
Translation
38. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Mutations
Genetic Code
Sex Linked
39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Homozygous
Lyse
Double-Stranded Helix
Episomes
40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Anticodon
Regulator Gene
DNA
Genetic Code
41. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Plasmid
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Testcross
42. Cytosine and thymine
Missense Mutation
Mutable
Bacterial Replication
Pyrimidines
43. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lysogenic Cycle
Repressible Systems
Lagging Strand
Dominant Allele
44. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Genotype
Lyse
DNA
Recombination
45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Missense Mutation
Inducible Systems
Parental (P Generation)
Genetic Code
46. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Gene Mutation
Genetics
Alleles
47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Recombination
Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
48. Consists of structural genes
Testcross
Operon
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Bacterial Replication
49. Individuals being crossed
Conjugation
Mutagenic Agents
Parental (P Generation)
Chromosomal Breakage
50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Recessive Allele
Dominant Allele
Autosomes
Point Mutation