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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






5. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






9. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






12. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






13. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






15. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






16. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






17. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






20. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






21. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






22. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






25. Consists of structural genes






26. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






27. Organisms that carry two different alleles






28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






30. New codon may code for the same amino acid






31. Individuals being crossed






32. New codon may be a stop codon






33. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






34. Genetic makeup of an individual






35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






37. Occurs when linked genes are separated






38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






39. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






41. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






43. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






44. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






48. Basic unit of heredity






49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)