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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






2. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






3. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






4. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






5. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






8. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






10. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






11. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






12. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






14. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






17. Genetic makeup of an individual






18. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






19. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






20. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






21. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






22. New codon may be a stop codon






23. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






24. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






26. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






27. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






28. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






29. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






32. Adenine and guanine






33. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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34. Progeny generations






35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






36. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






37. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






38. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






39. Short segments from lagging strand






40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






41. Basic unit of heredity






42. Initiation - elongation - and termination






43. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






44. Occurs when linked genes are separated






45. Organisms that carry two different alleles






46. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






48. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






49. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






50. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism