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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






2. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






3. Organisms that carry two different alleles






4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






6. Occurs when linked genes are separated






7. Cell burst






8. Chromosome fragment






9. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






11. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






12. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






14. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






15. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






16. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






18. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






20. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






21. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






23. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






24. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






26. Individuals being crossed






27. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






28. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






29. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






30. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






33. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






34. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






35. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






36. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






38. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






39. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






41. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. Location of genes on DNA






45. New codon may code for the same amino acid






46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






48. New codon may be a stop codon






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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