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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






2. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






3. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






4. Basic unit of heredity






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






7. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






8. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






9. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






10. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






11. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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12. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






15. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






16. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






18. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






19. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






21. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






22. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






23. Initiation - elongation - and termination






24. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






25. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






26. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






27. Progeny generations






28. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






29. Short segments from lagging strand






30. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






31. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






32. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






35. Occurs when linked genes are separated






36. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






37. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






38. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






39. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






40. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






41. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






43. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






44. Adenine and guanine






45. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






46. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






47. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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48. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






49. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






50. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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