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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. New codon may code for the same amino acid






2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






4. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






5. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






6. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






11. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






12. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






13. Progeny generations






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






16. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






17. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






20. New codon may be a stop codon






21. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






22. Adenine and guanine






23. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






24. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






25. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






26. Initiation - elongation - and termination






27. Location of genes on DNA






28. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






29. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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30. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






31. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






32. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






33. Cell burst






34. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






35. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






36. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






38. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






39. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






40. Where protein synthesis occurs






41. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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42. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






43. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






44. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






45. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






47. Basic unit of heredity






48. New codon may code for a different amino acid






49. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele







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