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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






2. Basic unit of heredity






3. Individuals being crossed






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






6. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






7. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






8. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






9. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






10. Occurs when linked genes are separated






11. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






12. Progeny generations






13. New codon may be a stop codon






14. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






15. Chromosome fragment






16. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






19. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






20. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






21. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






22. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






23. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






24. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






25. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






29. Cytosine and thymine






30. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






32. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






35. New codon may code for the same amino acid






36. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






37. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






38. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






39. Initiation - elongation - and termination






40. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






41. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






42. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






44. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






45. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






46. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






48. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






49. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






50. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site