Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






2. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






3. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


5. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






6. Initiation - elongation - and termination






7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






8. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






10. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






13. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






15. Cell burst






16. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






18. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






19. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






20. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






21. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






22. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






23. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






24. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






25. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






26. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






27. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






28. New codon may be a stop codon






29. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






30. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






31. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






32. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






33. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






35. Cytosine and thymine






36. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






37. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






38. Organisms that carry two different alleles






39. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






44. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






45. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






46. Adenine and guanine






47. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






48. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






49. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)