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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






2. Where protein synthesis occurs






3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






5. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






6. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






7. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






11. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






12. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






13. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






15. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






18. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






22. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






24. Genetic makeup of an individual






25. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






26. Cell burst






27. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






30. Basic unit of heredity






31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






32. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






35. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






37. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






38. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






39. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






44. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






45. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






48. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






49. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA