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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






2. Occurs when linked genes are separated






3. Progeny generations






4. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






5. Consists of structural genes






6. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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8. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






9. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






10. Basic unit of heredity






11. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






12. Adenine and guanine






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. Individuals being crossed






15. Chromosome fragment






16. Cell burst






17. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






20. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






23. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






26. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






27. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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28. Organisms that carry two different alleles






29. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






30. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






31. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






32. Short segments from lagging strand






33. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






34. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






35. Genetic makeup of an individual






36. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






37. Cytosine and thymine






38. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






39. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






40. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






41. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






42. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






43. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






44. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






47. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






48. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness