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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






2. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






3. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






4. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






5. Progeny generations






6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






7. Where protein synthesis occurs






8. Genetic makeup of an individual






9. Cytosine and thymine






10. Location of genes on DNA






11. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






12. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






13. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






14. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






15. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






18. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






19. Basic unit of heredity






20. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






21. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






22. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






23. Cell burst






24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






25. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






26. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






27. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






28. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






29. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






30. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






31. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






32. Short segments from lagging strand






33. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






34. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






35. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






36. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






37. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






38. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






39. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






42. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






43. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






44. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






46. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets