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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






6. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






7. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






8. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






9. New codon may be a stop codon






10. Progeny generations






11. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






12. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






13. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






14. Basic unit of heredity






15. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






18. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






19. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






20. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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23. Location of genes on DNA






24. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






25. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






27. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






28. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. Genetic makeup of an individual






31. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






32. Where protein synthesis occurs






33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






34. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






37. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






38. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






39. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






44. Cytosine and thymine






45. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






46. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






47. Individuals being crossed






48. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






49. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






50. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid