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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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2. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






3. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






4. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






5. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






6. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






7. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






8. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






9. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






10. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






11. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






12. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






13. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






14. Occurs when linked genes are separated






15. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






18. Basic unit of heredity






19. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






21. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






22. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






24. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






26. Short segments from lagging strand






27. Initiation - elongation - and termination






28. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






29. Cell burst






30. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






31. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






32. Adenine and guanine






33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






36. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






37. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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38. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






39. Where protein synthesis occurs






40. Genetic makeup of an individual






41. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






42. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






43. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






44. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






45. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






47. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






48. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






49. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






50. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next