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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






2. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






3. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






4. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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7. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






8. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






9. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






10. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






11. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






12. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






13. Progeny generations






14. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






15. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






19. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






20. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






21. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






22. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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23. Cytosine and thymine






24. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






25. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






26. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






27. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






28. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






29. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






30. New codon may be a stop codon






31. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






35. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






36. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






37. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






38. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






39. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






40. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






41. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






44. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






45. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






46. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






47. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






48. Cell burst






49. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins