Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






2. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






3. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






7. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


8. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






9. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






10. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






12. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






13. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






14. Occurs when linked genes are separated






15. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






16. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






18. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






19. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






20. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






21. Adenine and guanine






22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






23. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






24. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






25. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






26. Progeny generations






27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






28. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






29. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






30. Cytosine and thymine






31. New codon may be a stop codon






32. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






33. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






34. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






36. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






37. Consists of structural genes






38. New codon may code for a different amino acid






39. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






42. Cell burst






43. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






44. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






45. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






46. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






47. Individuals being crossed






48. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






49. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets