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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






2. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






3. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






4. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






5. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






6. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






7. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






8. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






9. Chromosome fragment






10. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






11. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






12. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






13. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






14. Occurs when linked genes are separated






15. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






16. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






17. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






18. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






21. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






24. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






25. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






26. New codon may code for the same amino acid






27. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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30. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






31. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






32. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






33. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






34. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






35. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






36. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






37. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






38. Basic unit of heredity






39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






40. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






41. Cell burst






42. Adenine and guanine






43. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






44. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






46. Location of genes on DNA






47. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






48. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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49. Consists of structural genes






50. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny