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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Lytic Cycle
Dihybrid Cross
Alleles
2. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Episomes
Transcription
Bacterial Genome
Phenotype
3. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Varions
Nucleotide
Environmental Factors
Gene
4. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Mutations
Polypeptide Synthesis
tRNA Job
Gene
5. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Antibody resistance
Phenotype
Crosses
Silent Mutation
6. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Heredity
Incomplete Dominance
Complementary Base-Pairing
Monocistronic
7. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Parental (P Generation)
Operator Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Anticodon
8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Dihybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
Recessive Allele
Punnet Square Diagram
9. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Incomplete Dominance
Polypeptide Synthesis
Operator Gene
Translation
10. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Mutations
Genotype
Translation
Purines
11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Elongation
Plasmids
Genetics
Dihybrid Cross
12. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Antibody resistance
Incomplete Dominance
Autosomes
Testcross
13. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
tRNA Job
Genetics
Nucleotide
Lyse
14. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Codominance
Sex Linked
Episomes
Punnet Square Diagram
15. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
DNA Replication
Bacterial Replication
Filial (F generations)
Nondisjunction
16. Individuals being crossed
Pyrimidines
Lagging Strand
Operon
Parental (P Generation)
17. Cell burst
Double-Stranded Helix
Semiconservative
Testcross
Lyse
18. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
P-site
Bacterial Genome
Frameshift Mutation
Recessive Allele
19. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Drosophila Melanogaster
Transcription
Heterozygous
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
20. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Gene Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Bacterial Replication
21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Transcription
Point Mutation
Operator Gene
Incomplete Dominance
22. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Heredity
Sex Linked
Translation
Incomplete Dominance
23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Frameshift Mutation
Translation
Elongation
Testcross
24. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Nucleotide
Codominance
Heredity
Point Mutation
25. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Bacterial Genome
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Okazaki fragments
Peptide Bond
26. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Gene
Mendelian Genetics
Synonyms
Dihybrid Cross
27. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Dominant Allele
Okazaki fragments
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
28. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Genetics
Polyribosome
Leading Strand
Inducer-Repressor Complex
29. New codon may be a stop codon
Lagging Strand
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Mutations
Nonsense Mutation
30. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
A-site
Sex Linked
Polypeptide Synthesis
31. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Plasmids
Homozygous
Promoter gene
Lyse
33. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Transcription
Start Codon
Inducible Systems
Backcross
34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
A-site
Sex Linked
Transduction
Drosophila Melanogaster
35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Backcross
Incomplete Dominance
Regulator Gene
Recessive Allele
36. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Elongation
Environmental Factors
Repressible Systems
Plasmids
37. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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38. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Codominance
Bacteriophage
Nonsense Mutation
39. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Recombination
Bacteriophage
Synonyms
40. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Mutable
Complementary Base-Pairing
Promoter gene
41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
Testcross
Homozygous
42. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Regulator Gene
Plasmid
Alleles
Bacteriophage
43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Mutagenic Agents
tRNA Job
Leading Strand
44. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Translation
Codominance
Bacteriophage
Semiconservative
45. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Inducible Systems
Mutations
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
46. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Chromosomes
RNA
Promoter gene
47. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Missense Mutation
Codominance
Regulator Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
48. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
P-site
Codominance
Bacteriophage
49. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Lagging Strand
Nonsense Mutation
Operon
P-site
50. Basic unit of heredity
Mutagenic Agents
Gene
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Missense Mutation