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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






3. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






4. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






5. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






6. Individuals being crossed






7. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






8. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






9. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






10. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






11. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






12. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






13. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






14. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






15. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






16. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


17. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






18. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






19. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






20. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






21. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






22. Cytosine and thymine






23. Chromosome fragment






24. Location of genes on DNA






25. Initiation - elongation - and termination






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. New codon may code for the same amino acid






28. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






29. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






30. Progeny generations






31. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






32. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






33. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






34. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






35. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Short segments from lagging strand






37. Occurs when linked genes are separated






38. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






39. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






40. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






41. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






42. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






43. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






46. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






47. New codon may code for a different amino acid






48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






49. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






50. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis