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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






4. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


5. Basic unit of heredity






6. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






7. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






8. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






9. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






12. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






13. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


14. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Individuals being crossed






17. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






18. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






19. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






20. Progeny generations






21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






22. New codon may be a stop codon






23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






24. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






25. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






26. Adenine and guanine






27. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






28. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






29. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






30. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






31. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






32. Organisms that carry two different alleles






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






36. Cytosine and thymine






37. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






38. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






39. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






40. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






42. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






43. Consists of structural genes






44. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






45. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






46. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






47. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






48. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






49. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






50. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating