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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






2. New codon may be a stop codon






3. Basic unit of heredity






4. Adenine and guanine






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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6. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






9. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






10. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






11. Location of genes on DNA






12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






13. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






14. Genetic makeup of an individual






15. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






18. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






19. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






20. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






21. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






22. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






23. Occurs when linked genes are separated






24. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






25. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






26. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






27. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






28. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






29. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






30. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






31. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. Progeny generations






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






36. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






37. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






38. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






39. Cytosine and thymine






40. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






41. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






42. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






43. New codon may code for the same amino acid






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Chromosome fragment






46. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






47. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






48. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






49. Consists of structural genes






50. New codon may code for a different amino acid