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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






2. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






3. Genetic makeup of an individual






4. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


6. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






8. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






9. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






10. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






12. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






13. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






14. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






15. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






16. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






17. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






18. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






19. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






22. Adenine and guanine






23. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






25. Chromosome fragment






26. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Cell burst






29. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






30. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






31. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






32. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






34. Basic unit of heredity






35. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






36. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






37. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






38. Occurs when linked genes are separated






39. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. New codon may be a stop codon






43. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






44. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






45. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






46. Consists of structural genes






47. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






49. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)