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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and guanine






2. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






3. New codon may code for a different amino acid






4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






5. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






6. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






8. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






9. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Organisms that carry two different alleles






15. Short segments from lagging strand






16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






17. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






18. New codon may be a stop codon






19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






21. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






23. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






25. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






28. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






31. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






32. Chromosome fragment






33. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






34. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






37. Basic unit of heredity






38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






48. Location of genes on DNA






49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors