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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






2. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






3. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






4. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






5. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






6. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






7. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






8. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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9. Genetic makeup of an individual






10. Where protein synthesis occurs






11. Progeny generations






12. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






13. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






15. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






16. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






17. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






18. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






19. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






20. Consists of structural genes






21. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






22. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






23. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






24. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






25. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






26. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






27. Cytosine and thymine






28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






31. Initiation - elongation - and termination






32. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






33. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






34. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






35. Location of genes on DNA






36. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






37. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






38. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






39. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






40. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






41. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






42. Basic unit of heredity






43. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






44. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






45. Cell burst






46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






47. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






48. Organisms that carry two different alleles






49. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






50. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons