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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Adenine and guanine
Chromosomal Breakage
Incomplete Dominance
Purines
Transcription
2. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Testcross
Transduction
Anticodon
3. New codon may code for a different amino acid
DNA Replication
Lysogenic Cycle
Missense Mutation
Regulator Gene
4. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Anticodon
Sex Linked Recessives
Environmental Factors
Translocation
5. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Mendelian Genetics
Elongation
Lysogenic Cycle
Leading Strand
6. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Promoter gene
Genetics
Peptide Bond
7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Plasmid
Bacteriophage
Missense Mutation
Gene Mutation
8. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Genetics
Heredity
Frameshift Mutation
A-site
9. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Nonsense Mutation
Parental (P Generation)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Dihybrid Cross
10. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Semiconservative
Transcription
Dominant Allele
Bacterial Replication
11. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Recombination
Purines
Peptide Bond
Mutable
12. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Nonsense Mutation
Nucleotide
Dihybrid Cross
13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Regulator Gene
Missense Mutation
RNA
14. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Lysogenic Cycle
Plasmid
Monohybrid Cross
Heterozygous
15. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Heterozygous
Start Codon
Codominance
16. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Bacterial Replication
P-site
Parental (P Generation)
Triplet Code
17. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Frameshift Mutation
Nucleotide
Plasmid
18. New codon may be a stop codon
Leading Strand
Nonsense Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
P-site
19. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Genotype
Operon
Genetic Code
20. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Translocation
Alleles
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Silent Mutation
21. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Mutations
Gene Mutation
Bacteriophage
22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Plasmids
Sex Linked
Autosomes
23. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Leading Strand
Semiconservative
Lagging Strand
Start Codon
24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Incomplete Dominance
Transcription
Codons
25. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Monohybrid Cross
Gene Mutation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Heredity
26. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Codominance
Translocation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Triplet Code
27. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Ribosomes
Lysogenic Cycle
Silent Mutation
Peptide Bond
28. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Transformation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Backcross
P-site
29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Lytic Cycle
Polyribosome
Episomes
P-site
30. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Codons
Virulent
Phenotype
Episomes
31. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Recessive Allele
Okazaki fragments
Codons
Autosomes
32. Chromosome fragment
Purines
Transformation
Plasmid
Lagging Strand
33. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Mendelian Genetics
tRNA Job
Polyribosome
Episomes
34. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Nucleotide
Mendelian Genetics
Recombination
35. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Dihybrid Cross
Environmental Factors
Homozygous
36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Sex Linked
Double-Stranded Helix
Translocation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
37. Basic unit of heredity
Gene
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Start Codon
Phenotype
38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Lyse
Polyribosome
Semiconservative
39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Elongation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Pyrimidines
Transcription
40. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
Lyse
Lagging Strand
Inducible Systems
41. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Peptide Bond
Lytic Cycle
Transcription
42. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Filial (F generations)
Binary fission
Double-Stranded Helix
Leading Strand
43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Bacterial Replication
DNA
Semiconservative
Leading Strand
45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Lysogenic Cycle
Phenotype
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lagging Strand
46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Dihybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Parental (P Generation)
Mutations
47. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Genome
Testcross
Bacterial Replication
Alleles
48. Location of genes on DNA
A-site
Chromosomes
Translation
Drosophila Melanogaster
49. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lytic Cycle
Mendelian Genetics
Lysogenic Cycle
Repressible Systems
50. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transcription
Antibody resistance
Nondisjunction