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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cytosine and thymine






2. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






3. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






4. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






5. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






6. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






9. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






10. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






11. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






12. Chromosome fragment






13. Location of genes on DNA






14. New codon may code for the same amino acid






15. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






16. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. New codon may be a stop codon






19. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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20. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






21. Occurs when linked genes are separated






22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






23. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






24. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






25. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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26. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






27. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. Basic unit of heredity






30. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






31. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






32. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






36. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






38. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






39. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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41. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






42. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






44. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






45. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






46. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






47. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






48. Consists of structural genes






49. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






50. Short segments from lagging strand







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