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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Individuals being crossed






3. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






4. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






5. Chromosome fragment






6. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






7. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






8. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






9. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






10. Cell burst






11. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






12. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






13. Progeny generations






14. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






17. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






18. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






19. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






20. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






21. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






22. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






23. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






24. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






25. Where protein synthesis occurs






26. Short segments from lagging strand






27. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






28. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






31. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






32. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






33. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






34. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






35. New codon may code for a different amino acid






36. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






37. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






38. Location of genes on DNA






39. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






40. Adenine and guanine






41. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






42. Genetic makeup of an individual






43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






44. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






45. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






46. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






48. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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49. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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50. Consists of structural genes