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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






2. Short segments from lagging strand






3. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






4. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






5. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






6. Consists of structural genes






7. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






8. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






9. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






10. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






11. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






12. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






14. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






15. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






16. Where protein synthesis occurs






17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






18. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






19. Genetic makeup of an individual






20. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






21. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






22. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






23. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






24. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






26. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






27. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






28. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






29. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






30. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






31. Organisms that carry two different alleles






32. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






33. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






34. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






35. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






36. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






38. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






47. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






48. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






49. Cell burst






50. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele







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