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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






2. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






3. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






4. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






5. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






6. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






7. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






8. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






9. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






10. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






11. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






12. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






13. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






14. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






15. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






16. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






17. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






18. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






19. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






20. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






21. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






24. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






25. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






26. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






27. Initiation - elongation - and termination






28. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






29. Consists of structural genes






30. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






31. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






32. Progeny generations






33. Location of genes on DNA






34. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






35. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






36. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






37. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






38. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






40. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






41. Where protein synthesis occurs






42. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






43. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






44. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






45. Adenine and guanine






46. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






47. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






48. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






49. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






50. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter