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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






5. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






6. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






7. Location of genes on DNA






8. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






9. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






10. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






11. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






12. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






13. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






14. Progeny generations






15. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






16. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






17. Cytosine and thymine






18. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






19. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






21. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






22. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






23. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






24. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






25. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






26. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






27. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car


28. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






29. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






30. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


31. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






32. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






33. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






34. Basic unit of heredity






35. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






36. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






37. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






38. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






41. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






42. Chromosome fragment






43. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


44. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






45. Where protein synthesis occurs






46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






47. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






48. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






49. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






50. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA