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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






2. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






4. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






5. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






6. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






7. Location of genes on DNA






8. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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9. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






10. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






11. New codon may code for the same amino acid






12. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






13. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






14. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






16. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






17. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






18. Cell burst






19. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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20. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






21. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






22. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






25. Where protein synthesis occurs






26. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






27. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






28. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






29. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






30. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






31. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






32. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






33. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






34. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






35. Initiation - elongation - and termination






36. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






37. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






38. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






39. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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40. Progeny generations






41. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






43. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






44. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






45. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






46. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






47. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






48. Individuals being crossed






49. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






50. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)