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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genetics
Episomes
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
2. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Purines
Transformation
Triplet Code
Sex Linked Recessives
3. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Episomes
Dihybrid Cross
Nonsense Mutation
Gene Mutation
4. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Double-Stranded Helix
Mendelian Genetics
Termination Codons
Lyse
5. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
A-site
Codominance
Transcription
Double-Stranded Helix
6. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Promoter gene
Lyse
Recessive Allele
Point Mutation
7. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Genetics
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Transduction
8. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Nucleotide
Phenotype
Transformation
Operator Gene
9. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Regulator Gene
Messenger mRNA
Operon
Genetics
11. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Polyribosome
Plasmid
Homozygous
Plasmids
12. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Missense Mutation
Crosses
Transduction
Antibody resistance
13. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
DNA
Nondisjunction
Transcription
Mutagenic Agents
14. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Operator Gene
Repressible Systems
Recombination
Point Mutation
15. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Anticodon
Polypeptide Synthesis
A-site
Phenotype
16. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Semiconservative
Peptide Bond
Mutations
Autosomes
17. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
A-site
Lagging Strand
Backcross
Lytic Cycle
18. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Repressible Systems
Filial (F generations)
Silent Mutation
Sex Linked
19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Conjugation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
tRNA Job
20. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Transformation
Mendelian Genetics
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
DNA
21. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Sex Linked Recessives
Nonsense Mutation
RNA
Plasmids
22. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Translocation
Triplet Code
P-site
Genotype
23. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Antibody resistance
Translation
Lyse
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Transcription
Peptide Bond
Dominant Allele
25. Consists of structural genes
Lysogenic Cycle
Codominance
Operon
Polyribosome
26. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Plasmids
Chromosomal Breakage
Recessive Allele
27. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Genetics
Episomes
Nucleotide
28. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Complementary Base-Pairing
Missense Mutation
Nondisjunction
29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Episomes
Silent Mutation
Okazaki fragments
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
30. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Crosses
Complementary Base-Pairing
Silent Mutation
Autosomes
31. Individuals being crossed
Semiconservative
Genotype
Parental (P Generation)
Dominant Allele
32. New codon may be a stop codon
Complementary Base-Pairing
Nonsense Mutation
Mutagenic Agents
P-site
33. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Recessive Allele
Backcross
Incomplete Dominance
34. Genetic makeup of an individual
Lagging Strand
Heterozygous
Genotype
Start Codon
35. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomal Breakage
Monohybrid Cross
Elongation
Transcription
36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Frameshift Mutation
tRNA Job
Pyrimidines
Polyribosome
37. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Transcription
Peptide Bond
Recombination
Operator Gene
38. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mutations
Heredity
Heterozygous
39. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Environmental Factors
Messenger mRNA
Bacterial Replication
Semiconservative
40. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Regulator Gene
Lyse
Termination Codons
Mutable
41. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids
Mutable
Synonyms
Elongation
Filial (F generations)
42. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Replication
Polyribosome
Chromosomes
43. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Transcription
Repressible Systems
Complementary Base-Pairing
Drosophila Melanogaster
44. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
Codominance
DNA Replication
Autosomes
45. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Pyrimidines
Triplet Code
Inducible Systems
Polyribosome
46. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language
Leading Strand
Backcross
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Triplet Code
47. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Antibody resistance
Promoter gene
Mendelian Genetics
Semiconservative
48. Basic unit of heredity
Messenger mRNA
Silent Mutation
Gene
Autosomes
49. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea
Inducible Systems
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendelian Genetics
Virulent
50. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Transduction
Ribosomes
Frameshift Mutation
DNA Replication