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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






2. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






3. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






4. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






5. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






6. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






7. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






8. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






10. Progeny generations






11. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






12. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






13. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






14. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






15. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






16. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






17. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






18. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






19. New codon may code for a different amino acid






20. Consists of structural genes






21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






22. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






23. Short segments from lagging strand






24. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






25. New codon may be a stop codon






26. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






27. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






28. Initiation - elongation - and termination






29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






30. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






32. Cytosine and thymine






33. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






34. Chromosome fragment






35. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






36. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






37. Individuals being crossed






38. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






39. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






40. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






42. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






43. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






44. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






45. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






46. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






48. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






49. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism