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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






2. Occurs when linked genes are separated






3. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






4. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






5. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






6. New codon may code for the same amino acid






7. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






8. Basic unit of heredity






9. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






10. Initiation - elongation - and termination






11. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






12. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






13. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






14. Location of genes on DNA






15. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






18. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






19. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






20. Organisms that carry two different alleles






21. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






22. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






23. Chromosome fragment






24. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






25. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






26. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






27. Progeny generations






28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






29. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






30. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






31. Cell burst






32. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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33. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






34. Adenine and guanine






35. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






36. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






37. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






38. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






41. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






42. Short segments from lagging strand






43. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






44. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






45. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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46. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






48. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






49. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






50. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins