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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Environmental Factors
Bacteriophage
Leading Strand
2. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Lysogenic Cycle
Genotype
Bacterial Replication
DNA Replication
3. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Translation
Testcross
Lagging Strand
Bacteriophage
4. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
tRNA Job
Virulent
Binary fission
Operator Gene
5. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Heterozygous
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Repressible Systems
Codominance
6. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Chromosomal Breakage
Punnet Square Diagram
Anticodon
Monohybrid Cross
7. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Triplet Code
Nondisjunction
Punnet Square Diagram
8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Dominant Allele
Parental (P Generation)
Ribosomes
Translocation
9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Ribosomes
DNA
Polyribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
10. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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11. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Polyribosome
Genetics
Punnet Square Diagram
12. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Dihybrid Cross
Purines
Alleles
13. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Heterozygous
Complementary Base-Pairing
Binary fission
14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Codons
Binary fission
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Operon
15. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Mutable
A-site
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
16. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Nonsense Mutation
Antibody resistance
Silent Mutation
Leading Strand
17. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Transduction
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Regulator Gene
Chromosomal Breakage
18. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Heredity
Mutagenic Agents
Lysogenic Cycle
Conjugation
19. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Nucleotide
Point Mutation
Recessive Allele
DNA
20. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
A-site
Transduction
RNA
Gene Mutation
21. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Lagging Strand
Punnet Square Diagram
A-site
Polypeptide Synthesis
22. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Elongation
Ribosomes
Regulator Gene
23. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Elongation
Autosomes
Inducible Systems
Frameshift Mutation
24. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Genotype
Peptide Bond
Episomes
25. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
A-site
Termination Codons
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Point Mutation
26. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Conjugation
Purines
Episomes
Semiconservative
27. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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28. Location of genes on DNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Operon
Chromosomes
Backcross
29. Consists of structural genes
Testcross
Bacterial Replication
Operon
Translation
30. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Virulent
Parental (P Generation)
Missense Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
31. Where protein synthesis occurs
Ribosomes
Repressible Systems
Homozygous
Elongation
32. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Conjugation
Leading Strand
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Promoter gene
33. Basic unit of heredity
Bacteriophage
Gene
Nondisjunction
Recombination
34. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Purines
Bacterial Genome
Transcription
Lysogenic Cycle
35. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Monohybrid Cross
Transformation
Lagging Strand
36. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Start Codon
Mutations
RNA
Dihybrid Cross
37. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Mendelian Genetics
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutagenic Agents
Alleles
38. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Lyse
Nonsense Mutation
Messenger mRNA
39. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Gene Mutation
Complementary Base-Pairing
Transduction
A-site
40. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Peptide Bond
Okazaki fragments
DNA
Triplet Code
41. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Monocistronic
Transcription
Filial (F generations)
Bacterial Genome
42. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendelian Genetics
Termination Codons
43. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Translation
Termination Codons
Frameshift Mutation
44. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Translation
Monohybrid Cross
Phenotype
Antibody resistance
45. Genetic makeup of an individual
Complementary Base-Pairing
Drosophila Melanogaster
Genotype
Double-Stranded Helix
46. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Transformation
Alleles
Heterozygous
Plasmid
47. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Termination Codons
Virulent
Translation
Plasmids
48. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Silent Mutation
Nucleotide
Sex Linked Recessives
Transduction
49. Adenine and guanine
Backcross
Polyribosome
Testcross
Purines
50. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Chromosomal Breakage
Gene Mutation
Conjugation
Codons
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