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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






2. Location of genes on DNA






3. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






4. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






5. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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7. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. Short segments from lagging strand






10. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






11. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






12. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






13. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






14. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






15. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






16. Organisms that carry two different alleles






17. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






19. New codon may code for the same amino acid






20. Progeny generations






21. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






25. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






26. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






27. Where protein synthesis occurs






28. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Consists of structural genes






31. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






32. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






33. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






34. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






35. Occurs when linked genes are separated






36. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






37. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






38. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






39. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






40. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






41. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






42. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






45. Basic unit of heredity






46. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






47. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






48. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






49. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






50. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea