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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






2. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






4. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






5. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






6. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






7. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






8. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






9. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






10. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






11. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






14. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






15. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






16. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






17. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






18. Basic unit of heredity






19. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






20. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






21. Cytosine and thymine






22. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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23. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






24. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






25. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






26. Initiation - elongation - and termination






27. Short segments from lagging strand






28. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






29. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






30. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






31. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






32. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






33. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






34. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






35. Adenine and guanine






36. Where protein synthesis occurs






37. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






38. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






39. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






41. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






42. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






43. New codon may be a stop codon






44. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






45. Location of genes on DNA






46. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






47. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






48. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






49. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






50. Cell burst