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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when linked genes are separated






2. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






3. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






4. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






5. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






6. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






7. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






8. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






9. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






10. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






13. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






14. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






15. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






16. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






17. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






18. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






19. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






20. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






21. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






22. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






23. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






26. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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27. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






28. New codon may code for a different amino acid






29. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






30. Where protein synthesis occurs






31. Genetic makeup of an individual






32. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






35. Location of genes on DNA






36. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






37. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






38. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






39. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






40. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






41. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






46. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






47. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






48. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






49. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






50. Basic unit of heredity