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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Sex Linked
Varions
Start Codon
2. Where protein synthesis occurs
Repressible Systems
DNA
Promoter gene
Ribosomes
3. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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4. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Sex Linked Recessives
Transcription
Crosses
Punnet Square Diagram
5. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Sex Linked
Nucleotide
Homozygous
Termination Codons
6. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Nondisjunction
Codons
7. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Mendelian Genetics
Translocation
Genotype
Nucleotide
8. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Inducible Systems
Recessive Allele
Lagging Strand
Sex Linked Recessives
9. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Codominance
Plasmids
Synonyms
Polyribosome
10. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
A-site
Gene Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Recessive Allele
11. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Gene Mutation
Ribosomes
Parental (P Generation)
Monocistronic
12. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Phenotype
Dominant Allele
Monocistronic
A-site
13. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
Monocistronic
Phenotype
Gene
14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
Monocistronic
Nonsense Mutation
15. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Sex Linked Recessives
Transduction
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
16. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transcription
Sex Linked Recessives
17. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Autosomes
Peptide Bond
Okazaki fragments
Crosses
18. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Phenotype
Ribosomes
Translation
Mutable
19. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Alleles
Antibody resistance
Phenotype
Okazaki fragments
20. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Gene Mutation
Episomes
Transcription
Heterozygous
21. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Inducible Systems
Bacteriophage
Lysogenic Cycle
Conjugation
22. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Leading Strand
Messenger mRNA
Genetics
Nonsense Mutation
23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Termination Codons
Nonsense Mutation
Inducible Systems
Incomplete Dominance
24. Genetic makeup of an individual
Recessive Allele
Genotype
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
25. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Punnet Square Diagram
Transduction
Lytic Cycle
Autosomes
26. Cell burst
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Promoter gene
Lyse
27. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Synonyms
Repressible Systems
Ribosomes
Drosophila Melanogaster
28. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Transcription
Heredity
Lytic Cycle
P-site
29. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Inducible Systems
Punnet Square Diagram
Sex Linked
Phenotype
30. Basic unit of heredity
Bacteriophage
Conjugation
Gene
Operon
31. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Monocistronic
Nonsense Mutation
Operon
32. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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33. Location of genes on DNA
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Lysogenic Cycle
Translocation
Chromosomes
34. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Recombination
Recessive Allele
Transcription
Mutations
35. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Heredity
Mutable
DNA
36. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
tRNA Job
P-site
Termination Codons
Lyse
37. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Sex Linked
Frameshift Mutation
Operator Gene
38. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Missense Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
Bacteriophage
Dihybrid Cross
39. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Genetics
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recessive Allele
40. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Autosomes
Mendelian Genetics
Inducer-Repressor Complex
41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Regulator Gene
Translation
Antibody resistance
Transcription
42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Lysogenic Cycle
Episomes
Codons
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
43. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Anticodon
Episomes
Okazaki fragments
44. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Transcription
Parental (P Generation)
Plasmids
Codominance
45. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Mendelian Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
Plasmid
Phenotype
47. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Frameshift Mutation
Recessive Allele
Alleles
48. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Environmental Factors
Homozygous
Inducible Systems
49. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mutable
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
DNA Replication
50. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Backcross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Synonyms
Varions