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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






3. Initiation - elongation - and termination






4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






12. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






14. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






15. Occurs when linked genes are separated






16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. New codon may code for the same amino acid






18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






19. Genetic makeup of an individual






20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






21. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






22. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






24. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






25. Chromosome fragment






26. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






27. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex






32. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






34. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






35. Cytosine and thymine






36. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






37. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






38. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






40. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






41. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






42. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






43. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






45. New codon may code for a different amino acid






46. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






47. Cell burst






48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism