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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






2. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






3. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






4. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






5. Basic unit of heredity






6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






7. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






8. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






9. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






10. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






11. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






12. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






13. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






14. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






15. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






16. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






17. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






18. Cytosine and thymine






19. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






20. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






21. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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22. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






23. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






24. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






25. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






26. Cell burst






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






29. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






30. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual






31. Short segments from lagging strand






32. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






33. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






34. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






35. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






36. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






37. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






39. Genetic makeup of an individual






40. New codon may code for the same amino acid






41. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






42. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






43. Initiation - elongation - and termination






44. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






45. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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46. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






47. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






48. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






49. Where protein synthesis occurs






50. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site