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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






2. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






3. Where protein synthesis occurs






4. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






5. Occurs when linked genes are separated






6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






7. New codon may code for the same amino acid






8. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






9. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






10. Chromosome fragment






11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






12. Location of genes on DNA






13. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






14. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






15. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






16. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






17. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






18. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






19. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






20. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






21. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






22. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






23. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






25. Basic unit of heredity






26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






27. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






28. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






29. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






30. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






31. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






32. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






35. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






36. Initiation - elongation - and termination






37. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






38. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






39. Organisms that carry two different alleles






40. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






41. New codon may code for a different amino acid






42. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






43. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






44. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






45. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






46. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






47. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






48. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






49. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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50. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language