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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






4. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






5. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






6. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






7. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






8. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






9. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






10. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






11. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






12. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns


13. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






14. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






15. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






16. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






17. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


18. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






19. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






21. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






22. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






23. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






24. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






25. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






26. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






27. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






28. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






29. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






30. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide






31. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






32. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






33. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






34. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






35. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






36. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






37. Cell burst






38. Initiation - elongation - and termination






39. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






42. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






43. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






44. New codon may be a stop codon






45. Basic unit of heredity






46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






47. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






48. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






49. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






50. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations