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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






2. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






3. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






4. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






5. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






6. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






7. Initiation - elongation - and termination






8. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






9. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






10. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






11. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






12. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






13. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






14. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






15. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






16. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






17. Adenine and guanine






18. New codon may be a stop codon






19. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






20. Location of genes on DNA






21. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






22. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






25. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






26. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






27. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






28. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






29. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






30. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






31. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype


32. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






33. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






34. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






35. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






36. Cell burst






37. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






38. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






39. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






40. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






41. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






42. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






43. New codon may code for a different amino acid






44. Cytosine and thymine






45. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






46. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






47. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






48. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






50. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual