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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
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Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Operon
Transcription
Chromosomal Breakage
Semiconservative
2. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
RNA
Virulent
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Okazaki fragments
3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
RNA
Heterozygous
4. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Bacteriophage
Autosomes
Genetics
Conjugation
5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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6. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Lyse
Translation
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomes
7. Basic unit of heredity
Mendelian Genetics
Peptide Bond
Mutable
Gene
8. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Heredity
Sex Linked Recessives
Semiconservative
Sex Linked
9. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Translation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Dominant Allele
10. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Pyrimidines
Sex Linked
Transformation
tRNA Job
11. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Bacterial Genome
Chromosomes
Sex Linked Recessives
Semiconservative
12. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Polypeptide Synthesis
Antibody resistance
Gene Mutation
13. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Sex Linked
Transduction
Autosomes
Leading Strand
14. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Genetic Code
Homozygous
Termination Codons
A-site
15. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Point Mutation
Heredity
Frameshift Mutation
Varions
16. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Mutagenic Agents
Transcription
Antibody resistance
17. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Dihybrid Cross
Codominance
Nondisjunction
18. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Autosomes
Punnet Square Diagram
Codominance
Ribosomes
19. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Recombination
Genetics
Promoter gene
Binary fission
20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Peptide Bond
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Lyse
Codominance
21. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Codons
Missense Mutation
Monocistronic
Genetics
22. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism
Backcross
Bacteriophage
Monohybrid Cross
Start Codon
23. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Crosses
Regulator Gene
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lysogenic Cycle
24. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Alleles
Regulator Gene
Genetic Code
Dominant Allele
25. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Environmental Factors
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Episomes
Regulator Gene
26. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Recombination
Mutations
Repressible Systems
Varions
27. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Episomes
Translation
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
28. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)
Triplet Code
P-site
Varions
Chromosomes
29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Triplet Code
Elongation
Binary fission
Monohybrid Cross
30. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Elongation
Translation
31. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Point Mutation
Codons
Mendel's Law of Dominance
tRNA Job
32. Location of genes on DNA
Nucleotide
Repressible Systems
Bacterial Genome
Chromosomes
33. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Elongation
Lytic Cycle
Missense Mutation
Punnet Square Diagram
34. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Pyrimidines
Frameshift Mutation
Backcross
35. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Operator Gene
Bacteriophage
Bacterial Replication
Dominant Allele
36. Short segments from lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
Homozygous
Recessive Allele
Termination Codons
37. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Bacterial Genome
Episomes
Codominance
Lagging Strand
38. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
Bacteriophage
Operator Gene
Plasmids
Antibody resistance
39. Cytosine and thymine
Gene
Genetics
Pyrimidines
Environmental Factors
40. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Silent Mutation
Double-Stranded Helix
Ribosomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
41. Adenine and guanine
Chromosomal Breakage
Bacterial Genome
Purines
Sex Linked
42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Nondisjunction
Chromosomal Breakage
A-site
Monocistronic
43. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Pyrimidines
Bacterial Replication
Plasmids
Recombination
44. Individuals being crossed
Drosophila Melanogaster
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Parental (P Generation)
Monohybrid Cross
45. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Okazaki fragments
RNA
Bacterial Genome
Plasmids
46. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Pyrimidines
Termination Codons
Transcription
Conjugation
47. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Dominant Allele
Virulent
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomes
48. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Crosses
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Missense Mutation
Chromosomes
49. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Missense Mutation
Incomplete Dominance
tRNA Job
Lytic Cycle
50. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Bacterial Replication
Messenger mRNA
Alleles
Gene
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