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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Transformation
Nucleotide
Silent Mutation
2. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Recombination
Autosomes
Binary fission
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Anticodon
Autosomes
Synonyms
Monohybrid Cross
4. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
DNA Replication
Transcription
Virulent
Operon
5. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Bacterial Genome
Peptide Bond
Crosses
Codons
6. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Alleles
A-site
Messenger mRNA
Dominant Allele
7. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined
Plasmids
Bacteriophage
Leading Strand
Conjugation
8. Where protein synthesis occurs
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Ribosomes
Sex Linked
Nucleotide
9. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ
Sex Linked Recessives
Mutations
Termination Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
10. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Lytic Cycle
Testcross
Dominant Allele
11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Virulent
Incomplete Dominance
Ribosomes
Mendelian Genetics
12. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recessive Allele
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Purines
13. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Heredity
Bacterial Genome
Ribosomes
Purines
14. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Heterozygous
Lysogenic Cycle
Punnet Square Diagram
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
15. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Termination Codons
Incomplete Dominance
Frameshift Mutation
16. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Ribosomes
Antibody resistance
Virulent
Termination Codons
17. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
tRNA Job
Bacteriophage
Ribosomes
18. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Nucleotide
Drosophila Melanogaster
Antibody resistance
Peptide Bond
19. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Environmental Factors
Transcription
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Repressible Systems
20. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Promoter gene
Conjugation
Dominant Allele
Virulent
21. Consists of structural genes
Operon
Promoter gene
Lagging Strand
Genetic Code
22. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Alleles
Messenger mRNA
Backcross
Polypeptide Synthesis
23. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Bacteriophage
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Nucleotide
Mendel's Law of Dominance
24. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
25. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Environmental Factors
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Gene Mutation
Autosomes
26. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Peptide Bond
Homozygous
Drosophila Melanogaster
Point Mutation
27. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Start Codon
Heredity
Translocation
Polyribosome
28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Termination Codons
Homozygous
Sex Linked
Codominance
29. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
P-site
Testcross
Filial (F generations)
Transcription
30. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutations
Mutagenic Agents
Heterozygous
31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor
Gene Mutation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Triplet Code
Repressible Systems
32. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
DNA Replication
RNA
Phenotype
33. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters
Repressible Systems
Transcription
Silent Mutation
Dominant Allele
34. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
35. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Mutable
Nucleotide
Polyribosome
Heredity
36. Initiation - elongation - and termination
A-site
tRNA Job
Nonsense Mutation
Polypeptide Synthesis
37. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes
DNA Replication
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Plasmids
A-site
38. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Filial (F generations)
Genetic Code
Heredity
Bacterial Replication
39. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
P-site
Inducible Systems
Promoter gene
40. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Codons
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Start Codon
Bacterial Genome
41. Chromosome fragment
Plasmid
tRNA Job
Environmental Factors
Homozygous
42. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Lyse
Anticodon
Operator Gene
43. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Mutable
Filial (F generations)
Gene
RNA
44. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Semiconservative
Bacterial Replication
Synonyms
Recombination
45. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Environmental Factors
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Messenger mRNA
Chromosomal Breakage
46. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Okazaki fragments
Heterozygous
Punnet Square Diagram
Repressible Systems
47. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis
Termination Codons
Okazaki fragments
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Crosses
48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices
Codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Complementary Base-Pairing
Dihybrid Cross
49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Testcross
Mutable
Leading Strand
Elongation
50. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Gene Mutation
Lytic Cycle
Leading Strand
Inducible Systems