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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






2. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






3. Organisms that carry two different alleles






4. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






5. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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6. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






8. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






9. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






10. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






11. New codon may code for the same amino acid






12. Chromosome fragment






13. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






14. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






15. Location of genes on DNA






16. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






17. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






18. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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19. Occurs when linked genes are separated






20. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






21. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






22. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






23. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






24. Virus that infcts its host bacterium by attaching to it - boring a hole through the bacterial cell wall - and injecting its DNA while its protein coat remains attached to the cell wall and enters the host in either a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle






25. Cell burst






26. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






27. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group






28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






29. New codon may code for a different amino acid






30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






31. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






32. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






33. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






34. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






35. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






36. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






37. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






38. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






39. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






40. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






41. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






42. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






43. Where protein synthesis occurs






44. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






45. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






46. Basic unit of heredity






47. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






48. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






49. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






50. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction