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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns
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2. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons
Anticodon
Antibody resistance
Repressible Systems
Translocation
3. Initiation - elongation - and termination
Polypeptide Synthesis
Transformation
Repressible Systems
Crosses
4. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Lytic Cycle
Phenotype
Translocation
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
5. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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6. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Repressible Systems
Phenotype
Bacteriophage
Backcross
7. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
Heredity
Gene Mutation
Pyrimidines
DNA Replication
8. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Lagging Strand
Transcription
Punnet Square Diagram
Sex Linked
9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Heterozygous
Nucleotide
Plasmid
10. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Codons
Leading Strand
Regulator Gene
Inducible Systems
11. Occurs while multiple alleles exist for a given gene and more than one of them is dominant -expression of both dominant alleles are simultaneous -ex: ABO blood group
Recombination
Codominance
Lysogenic Cycle
Plasmids
12. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site
Synonyms
Pyrimidines
Peptide Bond
Mutable
13. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Genetics
Codons
Drosophila Melanogaster
Autosomes
14. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
Crosses
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
15. Occurs when linked genes are separated
RNA
Recombination
Incomplete Dominance
Nonsense Mutation
16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Point Mutation
Genotype
Elongation
Lagging Strand
17. New codon may code for the same amino acid
Transformation
Silent Mutation
Pyrimidines
Anticodon
18. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Gene Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Environmental Factors
Pyrimidines
19. Genetic makeup of an individual
Binary fission
Mendelian Genetics
DNA
Genotype
20. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then
Lytic Cycle
Transcription
Lysogenic Cycle
Nonsense Mutation
21. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors
Nonsense Mutation
Genetic Code
Antibody resistance
Transformation
22. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Semiconservative
Pyrimidines
Regulator Gene
Double-Stranded Helix
23. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes
Pyrimidines
DNA Replication
Binary fission
Incomplete Dominance
24. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome
Pyrimidines
Transcription
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Episomes
25. Chromosome fragment
Nucleotide
DNA
Termination Codons
Plasmid
26. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Bacterial Genome
Pyrimidines
Punnet Square Diagram
Regulator Gene
27. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Genetics
Codominance
Chromosomal Breakage
Operator Gene
28. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Purines
Silent Mutation
A-site
Parental (P Generation)
29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)
Binary fission
Recessive Allele
Transcription
Lagging Strand
30. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
Elongation
Virulent
Nucleotide
Messenger mRNA
31. On amino acid which has an active site that binds to both the amino acid and its corresponding tRNA - ctalyzing their attachment to form an aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Codominance
Homozygous
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Backcross
32. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism
Varions
Point Mutation
Regulator Gene
Genetic Code
33. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets
Filial (F generations)
Nucleotide
Codons
Silent Mutation
34. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Bacteriophage
Testcross
Alleles
35. Cytosine and thymine
Start Codon
Frameshift Mutation
Operator Gene
Pyrimidines
36. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Ribosomes
Transformation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Semiconservative
37. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase
Plasmid
Promoter gene
Antibody resistance
Translocation
38. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes
Homozygous
Anticodon
DNA
Inducible Systems
39. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Transduction
Sex Linked Recessives
Dihybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
40. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Polyribosome
Start Codon
Chromosomal Breakage
Varions
41. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Monohybrid Cross
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Gene Mutation
Operon
42. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
tRNA Job
Genetics
Heterozygous
Nondisjunction
43. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Polyribosome
Varions
Punnet Square Diagram
Complementary Base-Pairing
44. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Lysogenic Cycle
Dihybrid Cross
Repressible Systems
Monohybrid Cross
45. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Silent Mutation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Missense Mutation
46. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Genetics
Complementary Base-Pairing
Point Mutation
Autosomes
47. Cell burst
Genetic Code
Semiconservative
Polypeptide Synthesis
Lyse
48. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Episomes
Complementary Base-Pairing
Ribosomes
Genotype
49. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Polypeptide Synthesis
Chromosomes
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Recessive Allele
50. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Operator Gene
Mutable
Inducible Systems
Bacteriophage