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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






2. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






3. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom






4. Where protein synthesis occurs






5. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






6. New codon may be a stop codon






7. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






8. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






9. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






10. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






11. Progeny generations






12. TRNA binding site for ribosomes to attach to the growing polypeptide chain (peace out site)






13. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






14. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






15. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






16. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






17. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






18. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






19. Organisms that carry two different alleles






20. Adenine and guanine






21. Cytosine and thymine






22. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






23. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






24. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






25. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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26. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






27. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






28. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






29. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






30. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






31. Individuals being crossed






32. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






33. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






34. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






35. Chromosome fragment






36. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






37. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






38. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






39. New codon may code for the same amino acid






40. Basic unit of heredity






41. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






42. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)






43. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






44. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






45. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






46. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






47. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






48. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






49. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell