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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






2. Consists of structural genes






3. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






4. Adenine and guanine






5. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






6. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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7. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






8. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






9. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






10. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






11. Initiation - elongation - and termination






12. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






13. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






14. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






15. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






16. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






17. Occurs when linked genes are separated






18. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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19. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






20. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






21. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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22. Nucleic acids are deleted or inserted into the genome sequence (lethal)






23. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






24. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






25. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






26. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






27. Expressed allele -usually assigned capital letters






28. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






32. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






33. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






34. Genetic makeup of an individual






35. Transfer of genetic material between two bacteria that re temporarily joined






36. Cytosine and thymine






37. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






38. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






39. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






40. Progeny generations






41. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






42. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






43. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






44. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






45. New codon may code for the same amino acid






46. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule






47. Where protein synthesis occurs






48. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






49. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






50. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines







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