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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






2. Short segments from lagging strand






3. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






4. Each strand of DNA that is a template in the synthesis of two new daughter helices






5. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species






6. Individuals being crossed






7. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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8. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






9. Adenine and guanine






10. Phage DNA takes control of the bacterium's genetic machinery and manufactures numerous progeny - causing the cell to lyse - releasing new virions - each capable of infecting other bacteria -if initial infection takes place on a bacterial lawn - then






11. Language of DNA consists of four letters: A -T -C -G -language of proteins consists of 20 'words': 20 amino acids -universal for almost all organism






12. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






13. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






14. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






15. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






16. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






17. New codon may code for a different amino acid






18. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






19. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






20. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






21. Chromosome fragment






22. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes






23. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






24. New codon may be a stop codon






25. Genetic makeup of an individual






26. Consists of structural genes






27. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






28. (UAA - UAG - or UGA) terminates polypeptide synthesis






29. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






30. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






31. System where the repressor is inactive until it combines with the corepressor






32. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






33. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






34. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






35. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






36. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






37. Progeny generations






38. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






39. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model






40. DNA language must be translated by mRNA in such a way as to produce the 20 words in the amino acid language






41. Small circular rings of DNA which contain accessory genes






42. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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43. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






44. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






45. Cell burst






46. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






47. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






48. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






49. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance






50. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell