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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Progeny phenotypes are apparently blends of the parental phenotypes






2. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid






3. New codon may code for the same amino acid






4. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






5. Consists of structural genes






6. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins






7. Plasmids that are capable of integration into the bacterial genome






8. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations






9. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






10. Reproduction of bacterial cells and proliferate very rapidly under favorable conditions -asexual prcoess -3 kinds (transformation - conjugation and transduction)






11. Progeny generations






12. Degeneracy/redundancy of the genetic code since there are 64 different codons and only 20 amino acids






13. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






14. New codon may code for a different amino acid






15. Fruit fly -produces often (short life cycle) -reproduces in large numbers (large sample size) -chromosomes (especially in the salivary gland) are large and easily recognizable in size and shape -its chromosomes are few (4 pairs - 2n=8) -Mutations occ






16. System where the repressor binds to the operator - forming a barrier that prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes






17. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






18. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






19. Complementary to one of the mRNA codons






20. Formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the A site and the fmet attached to the tRNA in the P site






21. Base sequence of mRNA is translated as a series of triplets






22. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells






24. An organism with a dominant phenotype of unknown genotype (Ax) is crossed with a phenotypically recessive organism






25. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






26. The noncoding sequence of DNA that serves as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase






27. Adenine and guanine






28. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






29. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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30. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






31. Basic unit of heredity






32. Genes on the same chromosome will stay together unless crossing over occurs -crossing over exchanges information between chromosomes and may break the linkage of certain patterns

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33. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






34. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity






35. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






36. Location of genes on DNA






37. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






38. May be found on the plasmids and transferred into recipient cells along with these factors






39. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






40. Where protein synthesis occurs






41. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos






42. Cell burst






43. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






44. Developed the basic principles of genetics through his experiments with the garden pea






45. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






48. Organisms that carry two different alleles






49. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines






50. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species