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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Semiconservative
Anticodon
Chromosomal Breakage
Transcription
2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Punnet Square Diagram
Transcription
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Plasmid
3. New codon may be a stop codon
A-site
Mutagenic Agents
Nonsense Mutation
Elongation
4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Gene
Environmental Factors
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next
Dihybrid Cross
Genetics
Chromosomes
Polyribosome
6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus
Conjugation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chromosomes
Homozygous
7. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
Sex Linked Recessives
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Genetics
8. Cytosine and thymine
Conjugation
Sex Linked
Pyrimidines
Triplet Code
9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Codons
Transcription
Operon
Sex Linked
10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Varions
Nondisjunction
Mutagenic Agents
Conjugation
11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form
Polyribosome
Alleles
Lagging Strand
Synonyms
12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Transduction
Varions
Phenotype
Testcross
13. New codon may code for a different amino acid
Operon
Missense Mutation
Dihybrid Cross
Crosses
14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car
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15. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Nonsense Mutation
Crosses
Genetics
Monohybrid Cross
16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Messenger mRNA
Polypeptide Synthesis
Bacterial Genome
Codons
17. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters
Virulent
Gene Mutation
P-site
Recessive Allele
18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA
Start Codon
Incomplete Dominance
Bacterial Genome
Synonyms
19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Plasmids
Termination Codons
Nondisjunction
Translocation
20. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Plasmid
Sex Linked
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
21. Cell burst
Lyse
Mendelian Genetics
Incomplete Dominance
A-site
22. Initiation - elongation - and termination
RNA
Repressible Systems
Polypeptide Synthesis
Testcross
23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Heterozygous
Environmental Factors
Double-Stranded Helix
24. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands
DNA Replication
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Chromosomal Breakage
25. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
RNA
Translocation
Nonsense Mutation
Crosses
26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site
Pyrimidines
Gene Mutation
Operator Gene
Silent Mutation
27. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon
Nondisjunction
tRNA Job
Elongation
Nucleotide
28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Semiconservative
Homozygous
tRNA Job
Environmental Factors
29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex
Virulent
Elongation
Dihybrid Cross
Regulator Gene
30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Mutable
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Binary fission
Bacteriophage
31. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Operon
Dihybrid Cross
Sex Linked
Lagging Strand
32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Transformation
Phenotype
Lytic Cycle
Gene
33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic
Genetic Code
Crosses
Messenger mRNA
Episomes
34. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
Autosomes
DNA
Mutagenic Agents
Missense Mutation
35. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Alleles
Recombination
Lagging Strand
36. Adenine and guanine
Inducible Systems
Transcription
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Purines
37. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Recessive Allele
Punnet Square Diagram
Mutations
Lytic Cycle
38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Elongation
Plasmid
Ribosomes
Monocistronic
39. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Polypeptide Synthesis
Gene Mutation
Virulent
Parental (P Generation)
40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously
Bacterial Replication
Polypeptide Synthesis
Complementary Base-Pairing
Inducer-Repressor Complex
41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Testcross
P-site
Bacteriophage
Phenotype
42. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype
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43. Progeny generations
RNA
Operator Gene
Bacteriophage
Filial (F generations)
44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Pyrimidines
Nonsense Mutation
Heterozygous
Crosses
45. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Bacterial Replication
Nondisjunction
Conjugation
Inducer-Repressor Complex
46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Leading Strand
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Bacterial Replication
Plasmids
47. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Monocistronic
Messenger mRNA
Transduction
48. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors
Chromosomes
Chromosomal Breakage
Polypeptide Synthesis
Complementary Base-Pairing
49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Incomplete Dominance
Leading Strand
A-site
Antibody resistance
50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Nondisjunction
Virulent
Complementary Base-Pairing
Inducer-Repressor Complex