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PCAT Biology Genetics

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand






2. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm






3. New codon may be a stop codon






4. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis






5. The study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next






6. Structural component of ribsomes and is the most abundant of all RNA types -synthesized in the nucleolus






7. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness






8. Cytosine and thymine






9. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism






10. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA






11. Alternative forms of genes when it exists in more than one form






12. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup






13. New codon may code for a different amino acid






14. 1) Genes exist in alternative forms. A gene controls a specific trait in an organism. 2) An organism has two alleles for each inherited trait - one inherited from each parent 3) The two alleles segregate during meiosis - resulting in gametes that car

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15. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating






16. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell






17. Silent allele -usually assigned capital letters






18. (AUG) ribosome scans the mRNA until it bonds to this (methionine) and UAC on anticodon of tRNA






19. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle






20. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X






21. Cell burst






22. Initiation - elongation - and termination






23. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype






24. Double stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two single strands






25. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA






26. The sequence of nontranscribable DNA that is the repressor binding site






27. Brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence for polypeptide synthesis -recognizes both the amino acid and the mRNA codon






28. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele






29. Hydrogen bonds form between the mRNA codon in the A site and its complementary anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex






30. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism






31. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments






32. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations






33. Carries the complement of a DNA sequence and transports it from the nucleus to the ribosomes -assembled from ribonucleotides that are complementary to the 'sense' strand of the DNA -monocistronic






34. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable






35. Occurs when linked genes are separated






36. Adenine and guanine






37. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e






38. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)






39. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced






40. Begins at a unique origin of and proceeds in both directions simultaneously






41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter






42. Dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype

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43. Progeny generations






44. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny






45. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription






46. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis






47. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection






48. May occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental factors






49. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction






50. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells