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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Genetics
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in the genetic information of a cell coded in the DNA -if occured in the somatic cells - it can lead to tumors in an individual
Genetic Code
Pyrimidines
Heredity
Mutations
2. Regulation of gene expression and enables prokaryotes to control their metabolism
Transcription
Monohybrid Cross
Lytic Cycle
Missense Mutation
3. The parents differ in two traits - as long as the genes are on separate chromosomes and assort independently during meiosis
Mutable
Dihybrid Cross
P-site
Synonyms
4. Sugar-phosphate chains on the outside of the helix and the bases on the inside -C-G - T-A -AKA Watson Crick DNA model
Double-Stranded Helix
Bacterial Genome
Leading Strand
Plasmid
5. Self replication ensures that its coded sequence will be passed on to successive generations
Okazaki fragments
Heredity
Triplet Code
Elongation
6. If the bacterioophage does not lyse its host cell - it becomes integrated into the bacterial genome in a harmless form - lying dorant for one or more generations. the virus mays tay integrated indefinitely - replicating along with the bacterial gneom
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutable
Inducer-Repressor Complex
Translation
7. The process by which a foreign plasmid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome via recombination - creating new inheritable genetic combinations
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Triplet Code
RNA
Transformation
8. Occurs when fragments of the bacterial chromosome accidentally become packaged into viral progeny produced during a viral infection
Transduction
Ribosomes
Varions
Silent Mutation
9. Process whereby mRNA codons are translated intoa sequence of amino acids -occurs in cytoplasm and involves tRNA - ribosomes - mRNA - amino acids - enzymes - and other proteins
Mendelian Genetics
Plasmid
Translation
Nucleotide
10. Either the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis II -zygote might either have 3 copies of that chromosome (trisomy) or just a single copy (monos
Nondisjunction
Heredity
Semiconservative
Termination Codons
11. Composed of two subunits (consisting of proteins and rRNA) - one large and one small - that bind together only during protein synthesis -have 3 binding sites (for mRNA and two tRNA)
Ribosomes
Monohybrid Cross
Translocation
Promoter gene
12. Can often affect the expression of a gene -interaction betwen the enironment and the genotype produces the phenotype
Environmental Factors
Frameshift Mutation
RNA
Bacteriophage
13. Cytosine and thymine
Sex Linked Recessives
Lysogenic Cycle
Mutations
Pyrimidines
14. Small RNA found in the ctyoplasm that aids in the translation of mRNA's nucleotide code into a sequence of amino acids -brings amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Drosophila Melanogaster
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Pyrimidines
15. Individuals being crossed
Mendel's Second Law: Law of Independent Assortment
Filial (F generations)
Parental (P Generation)
Translation
16. Nucleic acid is replaced by another nucleic acid
Lysogenic Cycle
Point Mutation
Repressible Systems
Transduction
17. Progeny generations
Bacterial Genome
Triplet Code
Filial (F generations)
Phenotype
18. Occurs when linked genes are separated
Bacteriophage
Alleles
Synonyms
Recombination
19. Genetic makeup of an individual
Leading Strand
Recessive Allele
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Genotype
20. Codes for the synthesis of a repressor molecule that binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase form transcribing the structural genes
Regulator Gene
Lagging Strand
Conjugation
Polypeptide Synthesis
21. Structure formed when many ribosomes simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule
Elongation
Polyribosome
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Purines
22. Organisms that contain two copies of the same allele
Varions
Ribosomes
Phenotype
Homozygous
23. Bacteriophages that replicate by the lytic cycle - killing their host cells
Virulent
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
24. Recessive genes that are carried on the X chromosome will produce the recessive phenotypes whenever they occur in men because no dominant allele is present to mask them -ex: hemophilia and color blindness
A-site
Operator Gene
Sex Linked Recessives
Nonsense Mutation
25. May infect other bacteria and introduce new genetic arrangements through recombination with the new host cell's DNA
Synonyms
Phenotype
Varions
Bacterial Replication
26. Daughter strand that is continuously synthesized by DNA polymerase in the 5'->3' direction
Complementary Base-Pairing
Leading Strand
Binary fission
Chromosomal Breakage
27. Deoxyribonucleic acid -contains information coded in the sequence of its base pairs - provding the cell with a blueprint for protein synthesis -regulate all life functions -has the ability to self replicate -basis of heredity -mutable
DNA
Codons
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Binary fission
28. Each new daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand
Operator Gene
Regulator Gene
Genetic Code
Semiconservative
29. One mRNA strand codes for one polypeptide
Antibody resistance
Monocistronic
Backcross
Promoter gene
30. Physical manifestation of the genetic makeup
Phenotype
Transcription
Alleles
Virulent
31. New codon may be a stop codon
Synonyms
Codons
Translocation
Nonsense Mutation
32. Consists of a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cell
Complementary Base-Pairing
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)
Synonyms
Bacterial Genome
33. Binds to the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA complex (Arriving site)
Polypeptide Synthesis
A-site
Termination Codons
Leading Strand
34. Nitrogen bases are added - deleted - or substituted - thus crating different genes; inappropriate amino acids may be inserted into polypeptide chains - and a mutated protein may be produced
Bacteriophage
Okazaki fragments
Translation
Gene Mutation
35. Can be altered under certain conditions - altering the corresponding characteristics in the organism
Gene
Codons
Mutable
Autosomes
36. The ribosome advances three nucleotides along the mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction and the uncharged tRNA from the P site is expelled - and the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site moves into the P site and completes the cycle
Anticodon
Drosophila Melanogaster
Translocation
Repressible Systems
37. Include incomplete dominance - and codominance
Translation
Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Semiconservative
Alleles
38. Complex that can't bind to the operator - thus permitting transcription
Inducer-Repressor Complex
DNA Replication
Polyribosome
Backcross
39. One way of predicting the genotypes expected form a cross -genotypes are determined by looking at the intersections of the grid -indicates all potential progeny genotypes and the relative frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes can be e
Punnet Square Diagram
RNA
Drosophila Melanogaster
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
40. Pairs of homologues in sexually differentiated species
Leading Strand
Autosomes
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Dihybrid Cross
41. Diagnostic tool to determine the genotype of an organism -Only with a recessive phenotype can genotype be predicted with 100% accuracy -if dominant phenotype is expressed - the genotype can be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous -used to deter
Episomes
P-site
Testcross
Lagging Strand
42. Induce mutations -include cosmic rays - X rays - UV rays - and radioactivity
Dihybrid Cross
Double-Stranded Helix
A-site
Mutagenic Agents
43. Ribonucleic acid -polynucleotide structurally similar to DNA except that its sugar is ribose -contains uracil instead of thymine -usually single stranded -found in both nucleus and cytoplasm -several types are involved with mRNA - tRNA - and rRNA
Regulator Gene
Monohybrid Cross
Dominant Allele
RNA
44. Organisms that carry two different alleles
Heterozygous
Incomplete Dominance
Codons
Silent Mutation
45. Genes that are located on the X or Y chromosome -in humans - most are located on the X
Autosomes
Transcription
Peptide Bond
Sex Linked
46. The process whereby information coded in the base sequence of DNA is transcribed into a strand of mRNA that leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores. the remaining events of protein synthesis occur in the cytoplasm
Bacteriophage
Point Mutation
Mendel's Law of Dominance
Transcription
47. True-breeding individuals (which - if self-crossed - produce progeny only with the parental phenotype) with different traits - mated them - and statistically analyzed the inheritance of the traits in the progeny
Testcross
Crosses
Incomplete Dominance
Inducible Systems
48. Basic unit of DNA - which is composed of deoxyribose (a sugar) bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base -bases: purines and pyrimidines
P-site
Nucleotide
Frameshift Mutation
Transduction
49. Only one trait is being studied in this particular mating
Operon
Triplet Code
Monohybrid Cross
DNA
50. Synthesized discontinuously in the 5'->3' direction (since DNA polymerase synthesizes only in that direction) as a series Okazaki fragments
Nonsense Mutation
Bacterial Replication
Lagging Strand
Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation (Four Principles)