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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






2. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






5. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






6. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






7. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






8. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






9. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






10. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






11. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






12. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






13. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






14. Move by beating cilia or flagella






15. Refers to a bending of a joint






16. Region containing thick filaments only






17. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






18. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






19. Units of diveded myofibrils






20. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






21. Indicates a straightening of a join






22. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






23. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






25. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






26. State of partial contraction






27. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






28. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






29. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






30. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






31. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






32. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






33. Chains of actin molecules






34. Involved in blood cell formation






35. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






38. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






39. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






40. Composed of thin and thick filaments






41. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






42. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






43. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






44. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






45. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






48. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






49. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






50. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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