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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






2. Region containing thick filaments only






3. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






4. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






5. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






6. Chains of actin molecules






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Indicates a straightening of a join






9. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






10. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






12. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






13. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






14. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






17. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






18. State of partial contraction






19. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






20. Involved in blood cell formation






21. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






22. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






23. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






24. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






25. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






26. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






27. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






28. Refers to a bending of a joint






29. Muscle tissues of the heart






30. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






33. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






34. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






35. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






36. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






37. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






38. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






39. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






40. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






41. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






42. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






43. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






44. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






45. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






46. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






47. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






48. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






49. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






50. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons