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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






2. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






3. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






6. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






7. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






8. Muscle tissues of the heart






9. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






10. Involved in blood cell formation






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






13. Indicates a straightening of a join






14. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






15. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






16. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






17. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






18. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






19. Concentric circles of bony matrix






20. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






21. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






22. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






23. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






24. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






25. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






26. The region containing thin filaments only






27. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






28. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






29. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






30. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






31. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






32. Units of diveded myofibrils






33. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






34. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






37. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






38. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






39. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






40. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






44. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






45. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






46. Composed of thin and thick filaments






47. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






48. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






50. Serve as bone to bone connectors