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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






2. Chains of actin molecules






3. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






4. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






5. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






6. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






7. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






10. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






11. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






12. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






13. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






14. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






15. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






16. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






17. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






18. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






19. State of partial contraction






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Move by beating cilia or flagella






22. Region containing thick filaments only






23. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






25. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






26. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






27. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






28. Muscle tissues of the heart






29. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






30. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






31. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






32. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






33. Serve as bone to bone connectors






34. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






35. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






38. Units of diveded myofibrils






39. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






40. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






41. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






42. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






43. Indicates a straightening of a join






44. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






45. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






46. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






48. Concentric circles of bony matrix






49. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






50. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound