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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






2. Concentric circles of bony matrix






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






5. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






6. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






9. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






10. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






11. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






12. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Move by beating cilia or flagella






15. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






16. Composed of thin and thick filaments






17. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






18. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






19. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






20. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






23. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






24. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






25. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






26. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






27. Refers to a bending of a joint






28. State of partial contraction






29. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






30. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






31. Region containing thick filaments only






32. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






33. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






34. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






35. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






36. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






37. Serve as bone to bone connectors






38. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






41. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






45. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






46. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






47. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






48. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






49. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






50. The region containing thin filaments only