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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






2. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






3. State of partial contraction






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






5. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






6. Move by beating cilia or flagella






7. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






8. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






9. Refers to a bending of a joint






10. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






11. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






12. Composed of thin and thick filaments






13. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






14. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






15. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






16. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






17. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






18. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






19. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






20. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






21. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






22. Region containing thick filaments only






23. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






24. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






25. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






26. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






27. Chains of actin molecules






28. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






29. Concentric circles of bony matrix






30. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






31. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






32. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






33. Indicates a straightening of a join






34. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






35. Muscle tissues of the heart






36. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






37. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






38. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






39. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






40. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






43. Units of diveded myofibrils






44. The region containing thin filaments only






45. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






46. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






47. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone







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