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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






2. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






3. Composed of thin and thick filaments






4. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






5. Involved in blood cell formation






6. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






7. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






8. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






9. Move by beating cilia or flagella






10. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






11. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






12. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






13. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






15. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






16. Concentric circles of bony matrix






17. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






18. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






19. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






20. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






21. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






22. Muscle tissues of the heart






23. Units of diveded myofibrils






24. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






25. Indicates a straightening of a join






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






27. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






28. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






29. State of partial contraction






30. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






31. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






32. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






33. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






34. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






35. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






36. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






37. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






38. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






39. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






40. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






41. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. The region containing thin filaments only






45. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






46. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






47. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






48. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






49. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






50. Chains of actin molecules