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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






2. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






6. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






7. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






11. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






12. Units of diveded myofibrils






13. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






14. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






15. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






16. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






17. Region containing thick filaments only






18. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






19. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






20. Involved in blood cell formation






21. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






22. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






23. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






24. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






25. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






26. Muscle tissues of the heart






27. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






28. Serve as bone to bone connectors






29. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






30. The region containing thin filaments only






31. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






32. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






33. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






34. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






35. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






36. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






37. Refers to a bending of a joint






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Concentric circles of bony matrix






40. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






41. State of partial contraction






42. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






45. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






46. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






47. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






48. Indicates a straightening of a join






49. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






50. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow