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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






3. Units of diveded myofibrils






4. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






5. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






6. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






7. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






8. Serve as bone to bone connectors






9. Composed of thin and thick filaments






10. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






13. Indicates a straightening of a join






14. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






15. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






16. Chains of actin molecules






17. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






18. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






19. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






20. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






21. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






22. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






23. The region containing thin filaments only






24. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






25. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






26. State of partial contraction






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






30. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






31. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






32. Concentric circles of bony matrix






33. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






34. Move by beating cilia or flagella






35. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






36. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






37. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






38. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






39. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






40. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






41. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






42. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






43. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






44. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






45. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






46. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






47. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






48. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






49. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






50. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints