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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






2. The region containing thin filaments only






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






5. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






6. Involved in blood cell formation






7. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






8. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






9. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






10. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






11. Concentric circles of bony matrix






12. Units of diveded myofibrils






13. Chains of actin molecules






14. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






15. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






16. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






20. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






21. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






23. Region containing thick filaments only






24. Indicates a straightening of a join






25. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






26. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






27. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






28. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






29. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






30. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






33. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






34. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






37. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






38. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






39. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






40. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






41. Refers to a bending of a joint






42. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






43. State of partial contraction






44. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






45. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






46. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






47. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






48. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






49. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






50. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)