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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






2. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






3. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






4. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






5. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






6. Concentric circles of bony matrix






7. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






8. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






11. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






12. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






15. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






16. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






17. Refers to a bending of a joint






18. Chains of actin molecules






19. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






20. Serve as bone to bone connectors






21. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






24. Composed of thin and thick filaments






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






27. Muscle tissues of the heart






28. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






29. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






30. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






31. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






32. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






33. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






34. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






35. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






36. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






39. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






40. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






41. Region containing thick filaments only






42. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






43. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






44. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






45. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






46. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






47. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






49. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






50. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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