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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






2. Involved in blood cell formation






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. Composed of thin and thick filaments






5. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






6. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






7. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






8. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






9. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






10. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






13. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






14. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






15. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






16. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






17. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






18. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






19. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






20. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






21. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






22. Serve as bone to bone connectors






23. State of partial contraction






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






26. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. Refers to a bending of a joint






29. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






30. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






31. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






32. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






33. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






34. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






35. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






36. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






37. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






38. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






41. Concentric circles of bony matrix






42. Units of diveded myofibrils






43. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






44. Muscle tissues of the heart






45. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






46. Region containing thick filaments only






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






48. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






49. Indicates a straightening of a join






50. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms