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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






2. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






3. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






4. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






5. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






6. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






7. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






8. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






9. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






10. Move by beating cilia or flagella






11. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






12. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






13. Region containing thick filaments only






14. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






15. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






18. Muscle tissues of the heart






19. State of partial contraction






20. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






22. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






23. Indicates a straightening of a join






24. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






25. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






26. Units of diveded myofibrils






27. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






28. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






29. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






30. Involved in blood cell formation






31. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






32. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






33. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






34. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






35. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






36. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






37. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






38. Concentric circles of bony matrix






39. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






40. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






41. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






42. The region containing thin filaments only






43. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






44. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






45. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






46. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






47. Chains of actin molecules






48. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






49. Refers to a bending of a joint






50. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae