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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






2. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






3. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






4. Serve as bone to bone connectors






5. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






6. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






7. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






8. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






9. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






10. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






11. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






12. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






13. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






14. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






15. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






16. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






17. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






18. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






19. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






20. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






21. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






22. Units of diveded myofibrils






23. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






24. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






25. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






26. State of partial contraction






27. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






28. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






29. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






30. Indicates a straightening of a join






31. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






32. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






33. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






34. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






35. Move by beating cilia or flagella






36. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






37. Composed of thin and thick filaments






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






40. Chains of actin molecules






41. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






42. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






43. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






44. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






45. Involved in blood cell formation






46. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






48. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






49. The region containing thin filaments only






50. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period