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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Involved in blood cell formation






2. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






3. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






4. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






5. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






6. Units of diveded myofibrils






7. State of partial contraction






8. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






9. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






10. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






11. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






12. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






13. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






14. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






15. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Indicates a straightening of a join






18. Muscle tissues of the heart






19. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






20. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






21. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






22. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






23. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






24. The region containing thin filaments only






25. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






26. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






29. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






30. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






31. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






32. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






33. Region containing thick filaments only






34. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






35. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






36. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. Refers to a bending of a joint






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






41. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






42. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






43. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






44. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






45. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






46. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






47. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






48. Serve as bone to bone connectors






49. Concentric circles of bony matrix






50. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres