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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






2. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






3. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






4. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






5. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






6. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






7. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






8. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






9. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






10. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






12. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






13. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






14. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






15. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






19. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






20. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






21. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






22. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






23. Composed of thin and thick filaments






24. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






25. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






26. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






29. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






30. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






31. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






32. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. State of partial contraction






38. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






39. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






40. Concentric circles of bony matrix






41. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






42. Region containing thick filaments only






43. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






44. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






45. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






46. Move by beating cilia or flagella






47. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






48. Muscle tissues of the heart






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






50. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae