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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






2. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






3. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






4. Chains of actin molecules






5. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






6. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






7. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






8. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






9. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






10. Move by beating cilia or flagella






11. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






12. Refers to a bending of a joint






13. The region containing thin filaments only






14. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






15. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






16. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






17. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






18. Serve as bone to bone connectors






19. Region containing thick filaments only






20. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






21. State of partial contraction






22. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






23. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






24. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






25. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






26. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






27. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






28. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






29. Involved in blood cell formation






30. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






31. Indicates a straightening of a join






32. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






33. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






34. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






35. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






36. Concentric circles of bony matrix






37. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






38. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






39. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






40. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






41. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






44. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






45. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






46. Muscle tissues of the heart






47. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






48. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






50. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight