Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






2. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






3. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






4. Indicates a straightening of a join






5. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






6. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






7. Composed of thin and thick filaments






8. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






9. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






12. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






13. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






14. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






17. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






18. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






19. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






20. Muscle tissues of the heart






21. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






22. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






23. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Region containing thick filaments only






26. Serve as bone to bone connectors






27. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






28. The region containing thin filaments only






29. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






30. Units of diveded myofibrils






31. Refers to a bending of a joint






32. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






33. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






34. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






35. Concentric circles of bony matrix






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






38. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






39. State of partial contraction






40. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






41. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






42. Move by beating cilia or flagella






43. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






44. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






45. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






46. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






47. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






48. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






49. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






50. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period