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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






2. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






3. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






4. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






5. Concentric circles of bony matrix






6. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






7. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






8. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






9. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






10. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






11. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






12. The region containing thin filaments only






13. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






14. Serve as bone to bone connectors






15. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






16. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






17. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






18. Move by beating cilia or flagella






19. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






20. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






22. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






23. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






24. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






25. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






26. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






27. State of partial contraction






28. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






29. Region containing thick filaments only






30. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






31. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






32. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






33. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






34. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






35. Muscle tissues of the heart






36. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






37. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






38. Composed of thin and thick filaments






39. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






40. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






41. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






42. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






43. Involved in blood cell formation






44. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






45. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






46. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






47. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






48. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






49. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






50. Indicates a straightening of a join







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