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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of thin and thick filaments






2. Chains of actin molecules






3. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






4. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






7. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






8. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






9. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






12. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






13. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






14. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






15. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






16. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






17. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






18. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






19. Move by beating cilia or flagella






20. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






21. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






22. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






23. Serve as bone to bone connectors






24. Units of diveded myofibrils






25. State of partial contraction






26. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






27. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






28. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






29. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






30. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






31. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






32. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






33. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






34. Involved in blood cell formation






35. Region containing thick filaments only






36. Concentric circles of bony matrix






37. Refers to a bending of a joint






38. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






39. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






40. Muscle tissues of the heart






41. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






42. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






43. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






44. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






45. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






46. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






47. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






48. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






49. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly