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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. State of partial contraction






2. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






3. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






6. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






7. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






8. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






9. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






10. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






11. Muscle tissues of the heart






12. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






13. Move by beating cilia or flagella






14. Involved in blood cell formation






15. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. Units of diveded myofibrils






18. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






19. Refers to a bending of a joint






20. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






21. Region containing thick filaments only






22. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






23. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






24. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






27. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






28. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






29. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






30. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






31. The region containing thin filaments only






32. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






33. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






34. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






35. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






36. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






37. Concentric circles of bony matrix






38. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






39. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






40. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






41. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






42. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






43. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






44. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






45. Serve as bone to bone connectors






46. Composed of thin and thick filaments






47. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






48. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






50. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae







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