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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






2. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






3. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Composed of thin and thick filaments






7. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






8. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






9. Units of diveded myofibrils






10. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Region containing thick filaments only






13. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






14. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






15. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






16. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






17. Indicates a straightening of a join






18. Involved in blood cell formation






19. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






20. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






21. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






24. State of partial contraction






25. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






26. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






27. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






28. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






29. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






30. Concentric circles of bony matrix






31. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






32. Refers to a bending of a joint






33. Move by beating cilia or flagella






34. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






35. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






36. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






37. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






38. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






39. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






40. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






41. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






42. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






43. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






44. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






45. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






46. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






47. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






48. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






49. Muscle tissues of the heart






50. Chains of actin molecules