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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






3. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






4. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






5. Indicates a straightening of a join






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






9. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






10. Muscle tissues of the heart






11. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






14. Units of diveded myofibrils






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. The region containing thin filaments only






19. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






20. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






21. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






24. Refers to a bending of a joint






25. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






26. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






27. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






28. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






29. Chains of actin molecules






30. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






31. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






32. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






33. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






34. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






35. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






36. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






37. State of partial contraction






38. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






39. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






40. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






41. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






42. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






43. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






46. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






47. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






48. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






49. Composed of thin and thick filaments






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)