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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






2. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






3. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






4. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






5. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






6. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






7. State of partial contraction






8. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






9. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






10. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






11. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






12. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






13. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






14. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






15. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






16. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






17. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






18. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






19. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






20. Composed of thin and thick filaments






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






23. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






24. Move by beating cilia or flagella






25. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






26. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






27. Muscle tissues of the heart






28. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






29. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






30. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






31. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






32. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






33. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






34. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






35. Involved in blood cell formation






36. Serve as bone to bone connectors






37. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






38. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






42. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






43. The region containing thin filaments only






44. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






45. Concentric circles of bony matrix






46. Indicates a straightening of a join






47. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






48. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






49. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






50. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber