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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






2. Chains of actin molecules






3. Serve as bone to bone connectors






4. The region containing thin filaments only






5. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






6. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






7. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






8. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






9. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






10. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






11. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






14. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






15. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






16. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






17. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






18. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






19. Muscle tissues of the heart






20. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






21. Indicates a straightening of a join






22. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






23. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






24. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






25. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






26. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






27. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






28. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






29. Concentric circles of bony matrix






30. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






33. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






34. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






35. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






36. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






37. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






38. Units of diveded myofibrils






39. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






40. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






41. Involved in blood cell formation






42. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






43. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






44. Region containing thick filaments only






45. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






46. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






47. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






48. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






49. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






50. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils