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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






2. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. Refers to a bending of a joint






5. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






6. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






7. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






8. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






9. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






10. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






11. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






14. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






15. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






16. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






17. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






18. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






19. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






20. State of partial contraction






21. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






22. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






23. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






24. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






25. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






26. Involved in blood cell formation






27. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






28. Chains of actin molecules






29. Region containing thick filaments only






30. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






35. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






36. Units of diveded myofibrils






37. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






38. Concentric circles of bony matrix






39. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






40. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






41. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






42. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






43. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






44. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






45. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






46. Muscle tissues of the heart






47. Indicates a straightening of a join






48. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus