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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






2. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






5. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






6. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






7. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






8. Serve as bone to bone connectors






9. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






10. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






11. Involved in blood cell formation






12. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






13. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






14. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






17. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






18. The region containing thin filaments only






19. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






20. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






21. Units of diveded myofibrils






22. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






23. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






24. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






25. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






26. Refers to a bending of a joint






27. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






28. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






29. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






30. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






33. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






34. Composed of thin and thick filaments






35. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






36. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






37. Concentric circles of bony matrix






38. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






39. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






40. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






41. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






42. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






43. State of partial contraction






44. Indicates a straightening of a join






45. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






46. Region containing thick filaments only






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






48. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






49. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






50. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules







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