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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Move by beating cilia or flagella






2. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






3. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






4. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






5. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






6. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






7. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






8. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






9. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






10. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






11. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






12. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






13. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






14. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






15. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






16. Concentric circles of bony matrix






17. Units of diveded myofibrils






18. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






19. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






20. Chains of actin molecules






21. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






22. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






23. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






24. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






25. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






26. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






27. State of partial contraction






28. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






29. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






30. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






35. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






36. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






37. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






38. Region containing thick filaments only






39. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






40. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






41. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






42. Involved in blood cell formation






43. Serve as bone to bone connectors






44. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






45. Composed of thin and thick filaments






46. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






47. Refers to a bending of a joint






48. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant