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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






2. Serve as bone to bone connectors






3. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






6. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






7. Concentric circles of bony matrix






8. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






9. Chains of actin molecules






10. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






11. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






12. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






13. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






14. Units of diveded myofibrils






15. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. State of partial contraction






18. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






19. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






20. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






23. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






24. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






25. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






26. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






27. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






28. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






29. The region containing thin filaments only






30. Move by beating cilia or flagella






31. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






32. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. Muscle tissues of the heart






35. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






36. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






39. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






40. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






41. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






42. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






43. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






44. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






45. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






46. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






47. Involved in blood cell formation






48. Refers to a bending of a joint






49. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






50. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules