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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






2. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






5. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






6. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






7. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






8. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






9. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






10. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






11. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






12. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






13. The region containing thin filaments only






14. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






15. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






16. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






17. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






18. Units of diveded myofibrils






19. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






20. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






21. Concentric circles of bony matrix






22. Composed of thin and thick filaments






23. State of partial contraction






24. Muscle tissues of the heart






25. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






26. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






29. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






30. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






31. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






32. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






33. Move by beating cilia or flagella






34. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






35. Serve as bone to bone connectors






36. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






37. Indicates a straightening of a join






38. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






39. Involved in blood cell formation






40. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






41. Chains of actin molecules






42. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






43. Region containing thick filaments only






44. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






45. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






46. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






47. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






48. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






49. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)