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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






2. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






3. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






5. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






6. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






9. State of partial contraction






10. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






11. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






12. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






13. Composed of thin and thick filaments






14. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






15. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






16. Units of diveded myofibrils






17. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






18. Chains of actin molecules






19. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






20. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






21. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






22. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






23. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Move by beating cilia or flagella






26. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






27. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






28. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






29. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






30. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






33. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






34. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






35. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






36. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






37. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






38. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






39. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






40. The region containing thin filaments only






41. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






42. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






43. Serve as bone to bone connectors






44. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






45. Muscle tissues of the heart






46. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






47. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






48. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






49. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






50. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant