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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






2. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






3. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






6. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






7. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






8. Move by beating cilia or flagella






9. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






10. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






11. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






14. Concentric circles of bony matrix






15. Chains of actin molecules






16. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






17. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






18. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






19. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






20. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






21. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






23. State of partial contraction






24. Indicates a straightening of a join






25. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






26. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






27. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






28. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Muscle tissues of the heart






31. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






32. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






33. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






34. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






35. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






36. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






37. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






40. Refers to a bending of a joint






41. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






42. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






44. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






45. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






46. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






47. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






49. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






50. Involved in blood cell formation







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