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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






3. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






4. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






5. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






8. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






9. Units of diveded myofibrils






10. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






11. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






12. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






17. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






20. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






21. Concentric circles of bony matrix






22. Indicates a straightening of a join






23. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






24. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






25. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






26. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






29. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






30. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






31. Muscle tissues of the heart






32. Move by beating cilia or flagella






33. State of partial contraction






34. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






35. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






36. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






37. Region containing thick filaments only






38. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






41. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






44. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






45. Chains of actin molecules






46. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






48. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






49. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






50. Refers to a bending of a joint