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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






2. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






3. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






4. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






5. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






6. Units of diveded myofibrils






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






9. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






10. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






11. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






12. State of partial contraction






13. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






14. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






17. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Indicates a straightening of a join






21. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






24. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






25. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






26. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






27. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






30. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






31. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






32. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






33. Concentric circles of bony matrix






34. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






35. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






36. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






37. Muscle tissues of the heart






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






40. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






43. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






44. The region containing thin filaments only






45. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






46. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






47. Move by beating cilia or flagella






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






50. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue