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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






2. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






3. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






4. Concentric circles of bony matrix






5. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






6. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






7. Indicates a straightening of a join






8. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






9. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






10. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






11. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






12. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






13. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






14. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






15. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






16. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






17. Move by beating cilia or flagella






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Refers to a bending of a joint






20. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






21. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






22. The region containing thin filaments only






23. Region containing thick filaments only






24. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






25. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






26. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






27. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






28. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






29. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






30. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






31. Involved in blood cell formation






32. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






33. Units of diveded myofibrils






34. Composed of thin and thick filaments






35. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






36. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






37. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






40. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






41. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






42. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






43. Muscle tissues of the heart






44. Serve as bone to bone connectors






45. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






48. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






49. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






50. State of partial contraction