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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






2. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






3. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






4. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






5. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






6. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






7. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






8. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






9. Concentric circles of bony matrix






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






11. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






12. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






13. Composed of thin and thick filaments






14. Chains of actin molecules






15. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






16. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






17. Region containing thick filaments only






18. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






19. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






20. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






21. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






22. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






23. Move by beating cilia or flagella






24. Serve as bone to bone connectors






25. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






26. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






27. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






28. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






29. Indicates a straightening of a join






30. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






31. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






34. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






35. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






36. Muscle tissues of the heart






37. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






38. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






39. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






40. State of partial contraction






41. The region containing thin filaments only






42. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






43. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






44. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






45. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






46. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






47. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






48. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






49. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






50. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons