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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. State of partial contraction






2. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






3. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






4. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






5. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






6. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






7. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






8. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






9. Composed of thin and thick filaments






10. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






11. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






12. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






13. Refers to a bending of a joint






14. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






15. Concentric circles of bony matrix






16. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






17. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






18. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






19. Move by beating cilia or flagella






20. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






21. The region containing thin filaments only






22. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






23. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






24. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






25. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






26. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






27. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






28. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






29. Muscle tissues of the heart






30. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






31. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






32. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






33. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






34. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






35. Serve as bone to bone connectors






36. Indicates a straightening of a join






37. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






38. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






39. Involved in blood cell formation






40. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






41. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






42. Chains of actin molecules






43. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






44. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






45. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






46. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






47. Units of diveded myofibrils






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






49. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






50. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction