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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






2. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






5. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






6. Muscle tissues of the heart






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






9. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






10. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






11. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






12. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






13. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






14. Units of diveded myofibrils






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






19. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






20. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






21. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






22. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






23. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






24. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






25. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






26. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






29. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






30. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






31. Composed of thin and thick filaments






32. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






33. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






34. Chains of actin molecules






35. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






36. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






37. The region containing thin filaments only






38. State of partial contraction






39. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






40. Serve as bone to bone connectors






41. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






42. Concentric circles of bony matrix






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. Refers to a bending of a joint






45. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






46. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






47. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






48. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






49. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






50. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton