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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






2. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






3. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






4. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






5. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






6. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






11. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






12. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






13. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






14. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






15. The region containing thin filaments only






16. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






17. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






18. State of partial contraction






19. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






20. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






21. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






22. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






23. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






24. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






25. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






26. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






27. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






28. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






29. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






30. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






31. Muscle tissues of the heart






32. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






33. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






34. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






35. Serve as bone to bone connectors






36. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






37. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






38. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






39. Move by beating cilia or flagella






40. Concentric circles of bony matrix






41. Composed of thin and thick filaments






42. Region containing thick filaments only






43. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






44. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






45. Refers to a bending of a joint






46. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






47. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






48. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






49. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






50. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged