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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






3. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






4. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






5. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






6. Chains of actin molecules






7. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






8. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






9. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






10. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






11. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






12. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






13. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






14. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






15. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






16. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






17. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






18. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






19. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






20. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






23. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






24. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






25. Refers to a bending of a joint






26. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Serve as bone to bone connectors






29. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






32. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






33. Concentric circles of bony matrix






34. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






35. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






36. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






37. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






38. The region containing thin filaments only






39. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






40. Indicates a straightening of a join






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






43. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






44. Units of diveded myofibrils






45. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






46. Composed of thin and thick filaments






47. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






48. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






49. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






50. Region containing thick filaments only