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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






2. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






3. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






4. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






5. Chains of actin molecules






6. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






7. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






8. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






9. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






10. Refers to a bending of a joint






11. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






12. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






13. Units of diveded myofibrils






14. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






15. Indicates a straightening of a join






16. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






17. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






18. State of partial contraction






19. Involved in blood cell formation






20. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






22. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






23. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






24. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






25. The region containing thin filaments only






26. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






27. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






28. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Muscle tissues of the heart






31. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






32. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






33. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






34. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






35. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






36. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






37. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






38. Region containing thick filaments only






39. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






40. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






42. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






43. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






44. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






45. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






46. Composed of thin and thick filaments






47. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






48. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






49. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






50. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs