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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






3. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






5. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






6. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






7. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






8. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






9. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






12. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






13. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






14. Muscle tissues of the heart






15. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






16. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






17. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






18. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






19. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






20. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






24. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






25. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






26. State of partial contraction






27. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






28. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






31. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






32. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






33. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






34. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






35. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






36. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






37. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






38. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






39. Move by beating cilia or flagella






40. The region containing thin filaments only






41. Composed of thin and thick filaments






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






44. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






45. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






46. Concentric circles of bony matrix






47. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






48. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






49. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






50. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton