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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






2. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






3. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






4. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






5. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






6. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






7. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






8. Move by beating cilia or flagella






9. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






10. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






11. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






12. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






13. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






14. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






15. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






16. Serve as bone to bone connectors






17. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






18. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






19. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






20. Chains of actin molecules






21. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






22. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






23. The region containing thin filaments only






24. Concentric circles of bony matrix






25. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






27. Muscle tissues of the heart






28. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






29. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






30. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






31. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






35. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






36. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






37. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






38. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






39. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






40. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






41. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






42. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






43. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






44. State of partial contraction






45. Refers to a bending of a joint






46. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






47. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






48. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






49. Indicates a straightening of a join






50. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle







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