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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






2. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






3. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






9. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






10. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






11. Move by beating cilia or flagella






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






15. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






16. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






17. Involved in blood cell formation






18. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






19. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






20. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






21. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






22. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






23. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






24. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






25. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






26. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






27. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






28. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






29. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






30. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






31. Region containing thick filaments only






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






34. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






35. Units of diveded myofibrils






36. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






37. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






39. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






40. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






41. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






42. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






43. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






44. The region containing thin filaments only






45. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






46. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






47. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






48. Concentric circles of bony matrix






49. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






50. Muscle tissues of the heart