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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






2. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






3. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






4. Region containing thick filaments only






5. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






6. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






7. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






8. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






11. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






12. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






13. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






14. Units of diveded myofibrils






15. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






19. Chains of actin molecules






20. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






21. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






24. Concentric circles of bony matrix






25. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






26. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






27. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






28. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






29. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






30. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






31. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






32. Serve as bone to bone connectors






33. Refers to a bending of a joint






34. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






35. State of partial contraction






36. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






37. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






38. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






39. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






40. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






41. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






42. Composed of thin and thick filaments






43. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






44. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






45. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






48. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






49. Muscle tissues of the heart






50. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed