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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






2. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






3. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






4. Region containing thick filaments only






5. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






6. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






7. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






8. Concentric circles of bony matrix






9. Composed of thin and thick filaments






10. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






11. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






12. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






15. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






16. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






17. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






18. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






19. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






20. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






21. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






22. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






23. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






24. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






25. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






26. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






27. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






28. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






29. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






30. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






31. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






35. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






36. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






37. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






38. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






39. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






40. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






41. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






42. Muscle tissues of the heart






43. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






44. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






45. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






46. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






47. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






49. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly