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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






2. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






3. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






4. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






5. Muscle tissues of the heart






6. Chains of actin molecules






7. Composed of thin and thick filaments






8. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






9. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






10. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






11. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






15. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






16. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






17. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






18. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






21. Move by beating cilia or flagella






22. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






23. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






24. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






25. State of partial contraction






26. Units of diveded myofibrils






27. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






28. The region containing thin filaments only






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






33. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






34. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






37. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






38. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






39. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






40. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






42. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






43. Concentric circles of bony matrix






44. Serve as bone to bone connectors






45. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Involved in blood cell formation






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






50. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential