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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to a bending of a joint






2. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






3. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






4. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






5. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






8. Indicates a straightening of a join






9. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






10. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






11. State of partial contraction






12. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






13. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






14. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






15. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






16. Move by beating cilia or flagella






17. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






18. Units of diveded myofibrils






19. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






20. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






21. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






22. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






23. Muscle tissues of the heart






24. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






25. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






26. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






27. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






28. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






29. Chains of actin molecules






30. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






31. Composed of thin and thick filaments






32. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






35. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






36. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






37. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






38. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






39. Region containing thick filaments only






40. Serve as bone to bone connectors






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






42. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






43. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






44. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






45. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






46. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






47. Involved in blood cell formation






48. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone