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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






2. Serve as bone to bone connectors






3. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






4. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






5. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






6. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






7. Involved in blood cell formation






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






10. Muscle tissues of the heart






11. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






12. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






13. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






14. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






15. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






16. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






17. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






18. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






19. State of partial contraction






20. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






21. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






22. Refers to a bending of a joint






23. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






24. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






25. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






26. Move by beating cilia or flagella






27. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






28. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






29. Units of diveded myofibrils






30. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






31. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






32. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






33. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






34. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






35. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






36. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






37. Composed of thin and thick filaments






38. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






39. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






40. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






42. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






43. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






44. Indicates a straightening of a join






45. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






46. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






47. Region containing thick filaments only






48. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






49. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)