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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






2. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






3. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






4. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






5. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






6. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






7. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






8. Involved in blood cell formation






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






11. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






12. Concentric circles of bony matrix






13. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






14. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






15. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






16. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






17. Composed of thin and thick filaments






18. Units of diveded myofibrils






19. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






20. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






21. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






22. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






23. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






24. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






26. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






27. Serve as bone to bone connectors






28. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






29. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






30. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






31. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. Chains of actin molecules






34. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






35. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Indicates a straightening of a join






38. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






39. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






40. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






41. Region containing thick filaments only






42. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






43. State of partial contraction






44. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






45. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






46. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






47. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






48. The region containing thin filaments only






49. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






50. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle