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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to a bending of a joint






2. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






3. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






4. Chains of actin molecules






5. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






6. State of partial contraction






7. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






8. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






9. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






10. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






11. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






12. Composed of thin and thick filaments






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






15. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






16. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






17. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






18. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






19. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






20. Move by beating cilia or flagella






21. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






22. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






23. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






24. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






25. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






26. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






29. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






30. Units of diveded myofibrils






31. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






32. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






33. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






34. Concentric circles of bony matrix






35. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






36. Muscle tissues of the heart






37. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






38. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






39. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






40. Indicates a straightening of a join






41. Region containing thick filaments only






42. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






43. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






44. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






45. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






46. Serve as bone to bone connectors






47. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






48. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






49. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






50. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction