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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






2. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






3. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Region containing thick filaments only






6. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






7. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






8. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






9. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






11. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






12. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






13. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






14. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






15. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






16. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






17. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






18. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






19. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






20. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






21. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






22. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






23. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






24. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






25. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






26. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






27. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






28. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






29. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






30. The region containing thin filaments only






31. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






32. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






33. State of partial contraction






34. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






35. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






36. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






37. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






38. Muscle tissues of the heart






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






41. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






42. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






43. Units of diveded myofibrils






44. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






45. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






46. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






47. Move by beating cilia or flagella






48. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






49. Refers to a bending of a joint






50. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes