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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






2. Region containing thick filaments only






3. Chains of actin molecules






4. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






5. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






6. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. Muscle tissues of the heart






9. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






10. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






11. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






14. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






15. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






16. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






17. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






18. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






19. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






23. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






24. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






25. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






26. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






27. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






28. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






29. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






30. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






31. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






32. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






33. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






34. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






35. Concentric circles of bony matrix






36. Indicates a straightening of a join






37. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






38. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






39. Involved in blood cell formation






40. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






41. Units of diveded myofibrils






42. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






43. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






44. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






45. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






46. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






47. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






48. State of partial contraction






49. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






50. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction