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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






3. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






4. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






5. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






6. Composed of thin and thick filaments






7. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






10. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






11. The region containing thin filaments only






12. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






15. State of partial contraction






16. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






17. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






18. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






19. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






20. Concentric circles of bony matrix






21. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






22. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






23. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






24. Units of diveded myofibrils






25. Muscle tissues of the heart






26. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






27. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






28. Involved in blood cell formation






29. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






30. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






31. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






32. Indicates a straightening of a join






33. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






34. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






35. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






36. Region containing thick filaments only






37. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






40. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






41. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






42. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






43. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






44. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






45. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






46. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






47. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






48. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






49. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






50. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage