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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






2. State of partial contraction






3. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






4. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






5. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






6. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






7. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






8. Indicates a straightening of a join






9. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






10. Concentric circles of bony matrix






11. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






14. Involved in blood cell formation






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






17. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






18. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






19. Serve as bone to bone connectors






20. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






21. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






22. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






23. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






24. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






25. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






26. Muscle tissues of the heart






27. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






28. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






32. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






33. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






34. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






35. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






36. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






37. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






38. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






39. Move by beating cilia or flagella






40. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






41. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






42. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






43. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






44. Region containing thick filaments only






45. The region containing thin filaments only






46. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






47. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






48. Units of diveded myofibrils






49. Chains of actin molecules






50. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow