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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






2. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






3. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






4. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Serve as bone to bone connectors






7. Involved in blood cell formation






8. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






9. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






10. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






11. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






12. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






13. Indicates a straightening of a join






14. Concentric circles of bony matrix






15. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






16. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






17. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






18. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






19. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






20. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






21. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






22. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






23. Refers to a bending of a joint






24. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






25. Move by beating cilia or flagella






26. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






27. The region containing thin filaments only






28. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






29. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






30. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






34. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






35. Composed of thin and thick filaments






36. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






37. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






38. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






39. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






40. Chains of actin molecules






41. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






42. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






45. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






46. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






47. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






48. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






49. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






50. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments