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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






5. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






6. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






9. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






10. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






11. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






14. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






15. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






16. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






17. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






18. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






19. Region containing thick filaments only






20. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






21. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






22. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






23. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






24. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






25. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






26. State of partial contraction






27. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






28. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






29. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






30. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






31. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






32. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






33. The region containing thin filaments only






34. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






35. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






36. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






37. Muscle tissues of the heart






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Serve as bone to bone connectors






40. Composed of thin and thick filaments






41. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






42. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






43. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






44. Indicates a straightening of a join






45. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






46. Refers to a bending of a joint






47. Units of diveded myofibrils






48. Involved in blood cell formation






49. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






50. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron