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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






2. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






3. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






4. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






5. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






6. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






7. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






8. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






9. Indicates a straightening of a join






10. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






11. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






12. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






13. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






14. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






15. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






16. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






19. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






20. The region containing thin filaments only






21. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






22. Serve as bone to bone connectors






23. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






24. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






25. Refers to a bending of a joint






26. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






27. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






28. State of partial contraction






29. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






30. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






31. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






32. Concentric circles of bony matrix






33. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






34. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






35. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






36. Composed of thin and thick filaments






37. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






40. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






41. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






42. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






43. Involved in blood cell formation






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






48. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






49. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






50. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed