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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






2. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






3. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






4. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






5. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






6. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






7. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






8. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






9. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






10. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






11. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






12. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






13. Serve as bone to bone connectors






14. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






15. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






16. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






17. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






18. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






19. The region containing thin filaments only






20. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






21. Concentric circles of bony matrix






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






24. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






25. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






26. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






29. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






30. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






31. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






32. Chains of actin molecules






33. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






34. Composed of thin and thick filaments






35. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






36. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






39. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






40. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






41. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






42. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






43. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






44. Muscle tissues of the heart






45. Refers to a bending of a joint






46. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






47. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






48. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






49. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






50. Indicates a straightening of a join