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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






2. The region containing thin filaments only






3. Indicates a straightening of a join






4. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






5. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






6. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






7. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






8. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






9. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






10. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






12. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






13. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






14. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. State of partial contraction






17. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






18. Muscle tissues of the heart






19. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






20. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






21. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






22. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






23. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






25. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






26. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






29. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






30. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






33. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






34. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






35. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






36. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






37. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






38. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






39. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






40. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






41. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






42. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






43. Refers to a bending of a joint






44. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






45. Chains of actin molecules






46. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






47. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






48. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






49. Move by beating cilia or flagella






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)







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