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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






2. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






3. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






4. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






5. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






6. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






7. Move by beating cilia or flagella






8. State of partial contraction






9. Units of diveded myofibrils






10. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






11. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






14. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






15. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






16. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






17. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






18. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






19. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






22. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






23. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






24. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






25. Concentric circles of bony matrix






26. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






27. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






30. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






31. Chains of actin molecules






32. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






33. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






34. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






35. Indicates a straightening of a join






36. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






37. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






38. Refers to a bending of a joint






39. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






40. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






41. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






42. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






43. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






44. Composed of thin and thick filaments






45. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






46. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






47. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






50. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules







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