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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Move by beating cilia or flagella






2. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






3. Chains of actin molecules






4. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






5. The region containing thin filaments only






6. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






7. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






8. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






9. Indicates a straightening of a join






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Units of diveded myofibrils






14. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






15. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






16. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






17. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






18. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






19. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






22. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






23. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






24. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






25. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






26. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






27. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






28. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






29. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






30. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






31. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






32. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






33. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






34. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






35. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






36. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






39. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






40. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






41. Concentric circles of bony matrix






42. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






43. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






44. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






45. Refers to a bending of a joint






46. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






47. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






48. Composed of thin and thick filaments






49. Involved in blood cell formation






50. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level