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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Chains of actin molecules






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. Concentric circles of bony matrix






6. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






7. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






8. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






9. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






10. Region containing thick filaments only






11. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






12. Composed of thin and thick filaments






13. Muscle tissues of the heart






14. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






15. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






18. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






19. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






20. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






22. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






23. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






24. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






26. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






27. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






28. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






29. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






30. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






31. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






32. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






33. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






34. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






35. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






36. Move by beating cilia or flagella






37. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






38. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






39. State of partial contraction






40. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






41. Units of diveded myofibrils






42. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






43. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






44. Refers to a bending of a joint






45. The region containing thin filaments only






46. Involved in blood cell formation






47. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






48. Indicates a straightening of a join






49. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






50. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed