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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






2. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






3. Concentric circles of bony matrix






4. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






5. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






6. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






7. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






8. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






9. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






10. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






11. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






12. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






15. Refers to a bending of a joint






16. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






17. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






18. Muscle tissues of the heart






19. The region containing thin filaments only






20. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






23. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






24. Indicates a straightening of a join






25. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






26. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






29. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






30. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






33. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






34. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






35. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






36. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






37. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






38. Units of diveded myofibrils






39. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






40. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






41. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






42. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






43. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






44. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






45. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






46. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






47. Involved in blood cell formation






48. Region containing thick filaments only






49. Move by beating cilia or flagella






50. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed