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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






3. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






4. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






5. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






6. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






7. Serve as bone to bone connectors






8. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






9. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






10. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






11. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






12. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






13. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






14. Involved in blood cell formation






15. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






16. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






17. State of partial contraction






18. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






19. Chains of actin molecules






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






22. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






23. Concentric circles of bony matrix






24. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






25. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






26. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






27. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






28. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






29. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






30. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






33. Units of diveded myofibrils






34. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






35. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






38. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






39. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






40. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






41. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






42. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






43. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Muscle tissues of the heart






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






48. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly