Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. The region containing thin filaments only






4. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






5. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






6. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






7. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






8. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






9. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






10. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






11. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






12. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






13. Units of diveded myofibrils






14. Muscle tissues of the heart






15. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






16. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






17. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






18. Chains of actin molecules






19. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






20. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






21. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






22. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






23. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






24. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






25. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






26. Move by beating cilia or flagella






27. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






28. Region containing thick filaments only






29. State of partial contraction






30. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






31. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






32. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






33. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






34. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






35. Serve as bone to bone connectors






36. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






37. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






38. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






39. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






40. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






41. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






42. Involved in blood cell formation






43. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






44. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






45. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






46. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






48. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






49. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






50. Composed of thin and thick filaments