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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






3. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






4. Chains of actin molecules






5. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






6. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






9. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






10. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






11. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






12. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






13. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






14. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






15. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






16. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






17. The region containing thin filaments only






18. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






19. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






20. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






21. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






22. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






23. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






24. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






25. Involved in blood cell formation






26. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






27. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






30. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






31. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






34. Region containing thick filaments only






35. State of partial contraction






36. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






37. Move by beating cilia or flagella






38. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






39. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






40. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






41. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






42. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






43. Concentric circles of bony matrix






44. Composed of thin and thick filaments






45. Serve as bone to bone connectors






46. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






48. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






49. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






50. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments







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