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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






2. Units of diveded myofibrils






3. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






4. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






5. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






6. Composed of thin and thick filaments






7. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






10. Involved in blood cell formation






11. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






12. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






13. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






14. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






15. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






16. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






17. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






19. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






20. Refers to a bending of a joint






21. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






22. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






23. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






24. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






25. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






26. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






27. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






28. State of partial contraction






29. Move by beating cilia or flagella






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






32. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






35. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






36. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






37. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






38. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






39. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






40. Muscle tissues of the heart






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






43. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






44. Region containing thick filaments only






45. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






46. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






47. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






48. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






49. Serve as bone to bone connectors






50. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone