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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chains of actin molecules






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






4. Muscle tissues of the heart






5. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






6. State of partial contraction






7. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






8. Units of diveded myofibrils






9. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






10. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






11. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






12. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






13. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






14. Indicates a straightening of a join






15. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






16. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






17. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






18. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






19. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






20. Composed of thin and thick filaments






21. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






24. Region containing thick filaments only






25. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






26. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






27. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






28. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Concentric circles of bony matrix






31. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






32. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






33. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






34. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






35. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






36. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. The region containing thin filaments only






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






41. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






42. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






44. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






45. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






46. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






47. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






48. Refers to a bending of a joint






49. Move by beating cilia or flagella






50. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules