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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serve as bone to bone connectors






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Muscle tissues of the heart






4. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






5. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






6. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






7. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






8. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






11. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






15. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






16. Chains of actin molecules






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






19. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






20. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






21. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






22. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






23. The region containing thin filaments only






24. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






25. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






26. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






27. State of partial contraction






28. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






29. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






30. Region containing thick filaments only






31. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






32. Units of diveded myofibrils






33. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






34. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






35. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






36. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






37. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






38. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






39. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






40. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






41. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






44. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






45. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






46. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






47. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






48. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






49. Refers to a bending of a joint






50. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules