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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






2. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






5. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






6. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






7. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






8. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






9. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






10. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






11. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






12. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






13. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






14. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






15. State of partial contraction






16. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






17. Region containing thick filaments only






18. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






19. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






20. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






21. Involved in blood cell formation






22. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






23. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






24. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






25. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






26. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






27. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






28. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






29. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






30. The region containing thin filaments only






31. Serve as bone to bone connectors






32. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






33. Muscle tissues of the heart






34. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






35. Composed of thin and thick filaments






36. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






37. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






38. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






39. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






40. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






41. Indicates a straightening of a join






42. Units of diveded myofibrils






43. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






44. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






45. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






46. Refers to a bending of a joint






47. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






48. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






49. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






50. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron