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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






5. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






6. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






7. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






8. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






9. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






10. The region containing thin filaments only






11. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






12. Concentric circles of bony matrix






13. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






14. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






15. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






16. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






17. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






18. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Composed of thin and thick filaments






21. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






22. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






23. State of partial contraction






24. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






25. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






26. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






29. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






30. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






31. Units of diveded myofibrils






32. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






33. Involved in blood cell formation






34. Chains of actin molecules






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






37. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






38. Serve as bone to bone connectors






39. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






40. Muscle tissues of the heart






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






43. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






44. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






45. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






46. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






47. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






48. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






49. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






50. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints