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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






2. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






3. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






4. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






5. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






8. Involved in blood cell formation






9. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






10. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






11. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






12. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






13. Chains of actin molecules






14. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






15. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






18. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






19. Region containing thick filaments only






20. Serve as bone to bone connectors






21. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






22. State of partial contraction






23. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






24. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






25. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






26. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






27. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






28. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






29. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






30. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






31. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






32. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






33. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






34. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






35. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






36. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






37. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






38. Move by beating cilia or flagella






39. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






40. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






41. The region containing thin filaments only






42. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






43. Concentric circles of bony matrix






44. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






45. Units of diveded myofibrils






46. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






47. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






48. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






49. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






50. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints







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