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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region containing thin filaments only






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






4. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






5. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






6. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






7. State of partial contraction






8. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






11. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






12. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






13. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






14. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






15. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






16. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






17. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






18. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






19. Move by beating cilia or flagella






20. Refers to a bending of a joint






21. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






22. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






23. Serve as bone to bone connectors






24. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






25. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






26. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






27. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






30. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






31. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






32. Units of diveded myofibrils






33. Chains of actin molecules






34. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






35. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






36. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






37. Concentric circles of bony matrix






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






40. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






41. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






42. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






43. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






44. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






45. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






46. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






47. Composed of thin and thick filaments






48. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






49. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)