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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






2. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






3. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






4. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






7. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






8. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






9. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






10. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






11. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






12. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






13. Move by beating cilia or flagella






14. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






15. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Involved in blood cell formation






18. The region containing thin filaments only






19. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






20. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






22. Muscle tissues of the heart






23. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






24. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






25. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






26. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






27. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Units of diveded myofibrils






30. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






31. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






32. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






33. Region containing thick filaments only






34. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






37. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






38. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






39. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






40. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






41. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






42. Composed of thin and thick filaments






43. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






44. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






45. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






46. Refers to a bending of a joint






47. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






48. Chains of actin molecules






49. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






50. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils