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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






2. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






3. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






4. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






5. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






6. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






7. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






8. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






13. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






14. Muscle tissues of the heart






15. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






16. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






17. Concentric circles of bony matrix






18. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






19. Involved in blood cell formation






20. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






21. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






22. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






23. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






24. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






25. Indicates a straightening of a join






26. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






27. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






28. State of partial contraction






29. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






30. The region containing thin filaments only






31. Serve as bone to bone connectors






32. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






33. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






34. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






35. Region containing thick filaments only






36. Composed of thin and thick filaments






37. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






38. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






39. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






40. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






41. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






42. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






43. Move by beating cilia or flagella






44. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






45. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






48. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






49. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






50. Refers to a bending of a joint