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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






2. State of partial contraction






3. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






4. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






5. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






6. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






7. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






12. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






13. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






16. Units of diveded myofibrils






17. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






18. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






19. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






20. Involved in blood cell formation






21. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






22. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






23. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






24. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






25. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






26. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






29. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






32. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






33. Indicates a straightening of a join






34. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






35. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






36. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






37. Muscle tissues of the heart






38. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






39. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






40. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






41. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






42. Refers to a bending of a joint






43. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






44. Composed of thin and thick filaments






45. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






46. Concentric circles of bony matrix






47. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






48. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes