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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region containing thin filaments only






2. State of partial contraction






3. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






4. Region containing thick filaments only






5. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






6. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






7. Indicates a straightening of a join






8. Serve as bone to bone connectors






9. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






10. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






11. Units of diveded myofibrils






12. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






13. Concentric circles of bony matrix






14. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Chains of actin molecules






17. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






18. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






19. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






20. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






21. Composed of thin and thick filaments






22. Refers to a bending of a joint






23. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






24. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






25. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






26. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






27. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






28. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






29. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






31. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






32. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






33. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






34. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






35. Move by beating cilia or flagella






36. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






37. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






38. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






41. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






42. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






43. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






44. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






45. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






46. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






47. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






48. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






49. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






50. Muscle tissues of the heart







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