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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






6. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






7. The region containing thin filaments only






8. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






9. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






10. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






11. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






15. Move by beating cilia or flagella






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






18. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






19. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






20. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






21. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






22. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






23. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






24. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






25. State of partial contraction






26. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






27. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






28. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






29. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






30. Refers to a bending of a joint






31. Serve as bone to bone connectors






32. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






35. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






36. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






37. Involved in blood cell formation






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






40. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






41. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






42. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






43. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






44. Indicates a straightening of a join






45. Concentric circles of bony matrix






46. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






47. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






48. Muscle tissues of the heart






49. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






50. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle