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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






2. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Region containing thick filaments only






7. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






8. Muscle tissues of the heart






9. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






10. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






11. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






12. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






13. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






14. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






15. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






16. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






17. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






19. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






20. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






21. Serve as bone to bone connectors






22. Indicates a straightening of a join






23. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






24. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






25. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






27. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






28. Move by beating cilia or flagella






29. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






30. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






31. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






32. State of partial contraction






33. Chains of actin molecules






34. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






35. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






36. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






37. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






38. Involved in blood cell formation






39. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






40. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






41. Units of diveded myofibrils






42. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






43. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






44. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






45. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






46. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






48. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






49. Concentric circles of bony matrix






50. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue