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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






2. Involved in blood cell formation






3. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






4. Serve as bone to bone connectors






5. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






6. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






7. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Concentric circles of bony matrix






10. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






11. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






12. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






13. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






14. State of partial contraction






15. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






16. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






17. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






18. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






19. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






20. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






21. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






22. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






23. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






24. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






26. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






27. Refers to a bending of a joint






28. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






29. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






30. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






33. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






34. Region containing thick filaments only






35. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






36. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






37. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






38. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






39. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






40. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






41. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






42. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






43. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






44. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






45. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






46. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






47. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






48. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






49. The region containing thin filaments only






50. Chains of actin molecules