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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






2. Units of diveded myofibrils






3. State of partial contraction






4. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






5. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






6. Move by beating cilia or flagella






7. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






8. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






9. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






10. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






12. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






13. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






14. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






15. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






16. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






17. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






18. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






19. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






20. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






21. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






22. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






23. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






24. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






25. Serve as bone to bone connectors






26. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






27. Indicates a straightening of a join






28. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






29. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






30. Composed of thin and thick filaments






31. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






32. The region containing thin filaments only






33. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






34. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






35. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






38. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






39. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






40. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






43. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






46. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






47. Chains of actin molecules






48. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






49. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






50. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell