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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






4. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






7. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






8. The region containing thin filaments only






9. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






10. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






11. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






12. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






15. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






16. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






17. Units of diveded myofibrils






18. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






19. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






20. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






21. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






22. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






23. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






24. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






27. Indicates a straightening of a join






28. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






29. Composed of thin and thick filaments






30. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






31. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






33. Involved in blood cell formation






34. Region containing thick filaments only






35. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






36. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






37. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






38. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






39. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






40. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






41. Refers to a bending of a joint






42. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






43. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






44. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






45. Serve as bone to bone connectors






46. State of partial contraction






47. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






48. Muscle tissues of the heart






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system