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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






2. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






3. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






4. State of partial contraction






5. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






6. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






7. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






10. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






11. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






12. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






13. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






14. Units of diveded myofibrils






15. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






16. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. Muscle tissues of the heart






19. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






20. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






21. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






22. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






23. Concentric circles of bony matrix






24. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






25. Move by beating cilia or flagella






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






27. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






28. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






29. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






30. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






31. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






34. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. The region containing thin filaments only






37. Indicates a straightening of a join






38. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






39. Composed of thin and thick filaments






40. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






41. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






42. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






43. Involved in blood cell formation






44. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






45. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






46. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






47. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






48. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






49. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






50. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone