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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






4. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






7. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






8. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






9. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






10. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






11. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






12. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






13. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Involved in blood cell formation






17. Serve as bone to bone connectors






18. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






19. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






22. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






23. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






24. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






25. Indicates a straightening of a join






26. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






27. Composed of thin and thick filaments






28. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






29. State of partial contraction






30. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






31. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






32. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






33. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






34. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






35. Concentric circles of bony matrix






36. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






37. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






38. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






39. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






40. Move by beating cilia or flagella






41. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






42. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






43. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






44. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






45. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






46. Chains of actin molecules






47. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






48. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






49. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






50. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption