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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






2. Units of diveded myofibrils






3. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






4. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






5. Involved in blood cell formation






6. Region containing thick filaments only






7. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






8. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






11. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Muscle tissues of the heart






15. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






18. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






19. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






20. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






23. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






24. Chains of actin molecules






25. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






26. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






27. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






28. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






29. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






30. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






31. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






32. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






33. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






34. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






35. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






36. Move by beating cilia or flagella






37. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






38. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






39. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






40. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






41. Concentric circles of bony matrix






42. Composed of thin and thick filaments






43. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






44. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






45. The region containing thin filaments only






46. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






47. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






48. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Runs down the center of the sarcomere