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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of thin and thick filaments






2. Serve as bone to bone connectors






3. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






7. Muscle tissues of the heart






8. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






9. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






13. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






16. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






17. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






18. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






19. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






20. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






21. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






22. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






23. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






24. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






26. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






27. Move by beating cilia or flagella






28. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






29. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






30. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






31. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






32. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






33. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






34. Involved in blood cell formation






35. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






36. Concentric circles of bony matrix






37. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






38. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






39. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






40. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






41. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






42. Units of diveded myofibrils






43. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






44. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






45. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






46. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






47. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






50. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments