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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






2. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






3. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






4. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






5. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






6. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






7. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






8. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






9. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






10. Serve as bone to bone connectors






11. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Indicates a straightening of a join






14. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






15. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






16. Units of diveded myofibrils






17. State of partial contraction






18. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






19. Move by beating cilia or flagella






20. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






23. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






24. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






27. The region containing thin filaments only






28. Muscle tissues of the heart






29. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






30. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






31. Composed of thin and thick filaments






32. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






33. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






34. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






35. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






36. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






37. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






38. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






39. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






40. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Refers to a bending of a joint






43. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






44. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






45. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






46. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






47. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






48. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






49. Region containing thick filaments only






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)