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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Muscle tissues of the heart






2. Region containing thick filaments only






3. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






4. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






5. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






6. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






7. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






8. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






9. Indicates a straightening of a join






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






11. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






12. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






13. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






14. Move by beating cilia or flagella






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. Refers to a bending of a joint






17. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






18. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






19. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






22. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






23. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






24. State of partial contraction






25. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






26. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. The region containing thin filaments only






29. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






30. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






31. Chains of actin molecules






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Concentric circles of bony matrix






34. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






35. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






36. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






37. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






38. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






39. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






40. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






41. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






42. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






43. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






44. Serve as bone to bone connectors






45. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






46. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






48. Units of diveded myofibrils






49. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






50. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places