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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






2. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






3. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






4. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






5. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






6. Units of diveded myofibrils






7. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






8. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






9. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






10. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






11. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






12. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






13. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






14. Serve as bone to bone connectors






15. Muscle tissues of the heart






16. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






17. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






18. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






19. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






20. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






21. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






22. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






23. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






24. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






25. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






26. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






27. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






28. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






29. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






30. State of partial contraction






31. Region containing thick filaments only






32. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






33. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






34. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






37. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






38. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






39. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






40. Move by beating cilia or flagella






41. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






42. Concentric circles of bony matrix






43. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






44. Indicates a straightening of a join






45. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






48. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






49. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






50. The region containing thin filaments only