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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of thin and thick filaments






2. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






3. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






4. Move by beating cilia or flagella






5. Region containing thick filaments only






6. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






7. Muscle tissues of the heart






8. Indicates a straightening of a join






9. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






10. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






11. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






12. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






13. Concentric circles of bony matrix






14. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






15. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






16. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






17. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






18. Chains of actin molecules






19. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






20. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






21. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






22. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






23. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






24. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






25. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






27. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






28. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






29. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






30. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






31. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






32. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






33. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






34. Involved in blood cell formation






35. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






40. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






41. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






42. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






43. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






44. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






45. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






46. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






47. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






48. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






49. The region containing thin filaments only






50. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases