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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






2. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






3. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






4. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






5. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






6. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






7. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






8. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






9. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






10. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






12. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






13. The region containing thin filaments only






14. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






15. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






16. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






17. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






18. Move by beating cilia or flagella






19. Involved in blood cell formation






20. State of partial contraction






21. Concentric circles of bony matrix






22. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






23. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






24. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






27. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






28. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






29. Composed of thin and thick filaments






30. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






31. Muscle tissues of the heart






32. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






33. Units of diveded myofibrils






34. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






35. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






36. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






37. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






38. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






39. Region containing thick filaments only






40. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






41. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






42. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






43. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






44. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






45. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






46. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






47. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






48. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






49. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






50. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber