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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






4. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






7. State of partial contraction






8. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






9. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






10. Refers to a bending of a joint






11. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






12. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






13. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






14. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






15. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






16. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






17. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






18. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






19. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






20. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






21. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






22. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






23. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






24. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






25. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






26. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






27. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






28. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






29. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






31. The region containing thin filaments only






32. Units of diveded myofibrils






33. Indicates a straightening of a join






34. Region containing thick filaments only






35. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






36. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






37. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






38. Concentric circles of bony matrix






39. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






40. Involved in blood cell formation






41. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






42. Muscle tissues of the heart






43. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






44. Chains of actin molecules






45. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






46. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






47. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






48. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments