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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






2. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






3. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






4. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






5. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






6. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






7. Move by beating cilia or flagella






8. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






9. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






10. Concentric circles of bony matrix






11. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






15. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






16. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






17. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






21. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






22. State of partial contraction






23. Muscle tissues of the heart






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






25. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






26. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






27. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






30. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






31. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






32. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






33. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






34. Units of diveded myofibrils






35. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






36. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






37. Serve as bone to bone connectors






38. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






39. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






40. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






41. Involved in blood cell formation






42. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






43. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






46. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






47. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






48. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






49. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






50. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage