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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






2. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






3. Concentric circles of bony matrix






4. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






5. Involved in blood cell formation






6. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






7. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






8. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






9. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






10. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






13. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






14. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






15. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






16. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






17. State of partial contraction






18. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






19. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






20. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






21. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






22. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






23. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






24. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






25. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






26. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






27. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






28. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






29. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






30. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






31. Indicates a straightening of a join






32. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






33. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






34. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






35. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






38. Composed of thin and thick filaments






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






41. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






42. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






43. The region containing thin filaments only






44. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






45. Muscle tissues of the heart






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






48. Serve as bone to bone connectors






49. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






50. Refers to a bending of a joint