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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






2. Serve as bone to bone connectors






3. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






4. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






5. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






6. Concentric circles of bony matrix






7. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






8. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






9. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






10. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






13. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






14. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






17. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






18. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






19. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






20. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






21. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






22. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






23. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






24. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






26. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






27. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






30. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






33. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






34. The region containing thin filaments only






35. Units of diveded myofibrils






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






38. Involved in blood cell formation






39. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






40. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






41. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






42. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






43. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






44. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






45. Region containing thick filaments only






46. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






47. Indicates a straightening of a join






48. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






49. State of partial contraction






50. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)