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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






2. Indicates a straightening of a join






3. Units of diveded myofibrils






4. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






5. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






6. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






7. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






10. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






11. Move by beating cilia or flagella






12. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






13. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






14. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






15. Chains of actin molecules






16. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






17. Serve as bone to bone connectors






18. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






19. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






20. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






21. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






24. Region containing thick filaments only






25. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






26. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






27. Involved in blood cell formation






28. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






29. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






30. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






31. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






32. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






33. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






34. Composed of thin and thick filaments






35. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






36. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






37. State of partial contraction






38. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






39. The region containing thin filaments only






40. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






41. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






42. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






43. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






44. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






45. Concentric circles of bony matrix






46. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






47. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






48. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






49. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






50. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle