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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






2. The region containing thin filaments only






3. Indicates a straightening of a join






4. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






5. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






6. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






7. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






8. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






9. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






10. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






11. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






12. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






13. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






14. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






15. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






16. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






17. State of partial contraction






18. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






19. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






20. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






21. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






22. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






23. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






24. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






25. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






26. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






27. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






28. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






29. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






30. Involved in blood cell formation






31. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






32. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






33. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






34. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






35. Region containing thick filaments only






36. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






37. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






38. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






39. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






40. Muscle tissues of the heart






41. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






44. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






45. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






46. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






47. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






48. Composed of thin and thick filaments






49. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






50. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period