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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






3. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






4. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






5. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






6. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






7. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






8. Move by beating cilia or flagella






9. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






10. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






11. The region containing thin filaments only






12. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






13. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






14. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






15. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






19. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






20. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






23. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






24. Refers to a bending of a joint






25. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






26. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






27. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






28. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






29. Muscle tissues of the heart






30. State of partial contraction






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






33. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






34. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






35. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






36. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






37. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






38. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






39. Region containing thick filaments only






40. Units of diveded myofibrils






41. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






42. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






43. Indicates a straightening of a join






44. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






45. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






46. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






47. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






48. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






49. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






50. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils