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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






2. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






3. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






4. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. Region containing thick filaments only






7. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






8. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






9. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






10. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






11. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






12. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






17. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






18. State of partial contraction






19. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






20. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






21. Chains of actin molecules






22. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






23. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






24. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






25. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






26. Involved in blood cell formation






27. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






30. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






31. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






32. The region containing thin filaments only






33. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






34. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






35. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






36. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






37. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






38. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






39. Refers to a bending of a joint






40. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






41. Serve as bone to bone connectors






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






44. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






45. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






46. Units of diveded myofibrils






47. Move by beating cilia or flagella






48. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






49. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






50. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus