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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






2. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






3. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






4. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






5. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






6. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






7. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






8. Serve as bone to bone connectors






9. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






10. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






11. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






12. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






13. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






15. State of partial contraction






16. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






17. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






18. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






19. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






20. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






21. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






22. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






23. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






24. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






25. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






26. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






27. Concentric circles of bony matrix






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






31. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






32. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






33. Move by beating cilia or flagella






34. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






35. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






36. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






39. The region containing thin filaments only






40. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






41. Indicates a straightening of a join






42. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






43. Chains of actin molecules






44. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






45. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






46. Composed of thin and thick filaments






47. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






48. Refers to a bending of a joint






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)