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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






2. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






3. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






4. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






5. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






6. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






9. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






10. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






11. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






12. State of partial contraction






13. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






14. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






15. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






16. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






17. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






18. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






19. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






20. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






21. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






22. Serve as bone to bone connectors






23. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






24. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






25. Involved in blood cell formation






26. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






27. The region containing thin filaments only






28. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






29. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






30. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






33. Units of diveded myofibrils






34. Chains of actin molecules






35. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






36. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






39. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






40. Indicates a straightening of a join






41. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






42. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






43. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






44. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






45. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






46. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






47. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






48. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






49. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly