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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






2. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






3. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






4. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






5. Chains of actin molecules






6. State of partial contraction






7. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






8. Muscle tissues of the heart






9. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






10. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






11. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






12. Refers to a bending of a joint






13. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






14. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






15. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






16. Concentric circles of bony matrix






17. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






18. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






19. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






20. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






21. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






22. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






23. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






24. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






25. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






26. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






27. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






28. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






29. Composed of thin and thick filaments






30. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






33. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






34. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






35. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






36. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






37. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






38. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






39. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






40. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






41. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






42. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






43. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






46. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






47. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






48. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






49. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)