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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






3. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






6. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






7. Chains of actin molecules






8. Concentric circles of bony matrix






9. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






10. Units of diveded myofibrils






11. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






12. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






13. Refers to a bending of a joint






14. Serve as bone to bone connectors






15. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






16. Indicates a straightening of a join






17. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






18. Composed of thin and thick filaments






19. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






20. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






21. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






22. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






23. State of partial contraction






24. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






25. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






26. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






27. Muscle tissues of the heart






28. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






29. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






30. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






31. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






32. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






33. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






34. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






35. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






36. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






37. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






38. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






39. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






40. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






41. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






42. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






43. The region containing thin filaments only






44. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






45. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






46. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






47. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






48. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton







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