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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






2. Move by beating cilia or flagella






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






5. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






6. Concentric circles of bony matrix






7. Units of diveded myofibrils






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






10. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






11. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






12. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






13. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






14. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






15. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






16. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






17. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






18. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






21. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






22. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






23. Refers to a bending of a joint






24. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






25. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






26. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






27. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






28. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






29. Chains of actin molecules






30. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






31. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






32. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






33. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






34. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






35. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






36. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






37. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






38. Muscle tissues of the heart






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






41. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






44. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






45. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






46. Involved in blood cell formation






47. Serve as bone to bone connectors






48. Composed of thin and thick filaments






49. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






50. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber