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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Concentric circles of bony matrix






2. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






3. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






4. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






5. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






6. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






7. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






8. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






9. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






10. Composed of thin and thick filaments






11. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






12. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






13. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






14. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






15. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






16. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






17. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






18. Units of diveded myofibrils






19. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






20. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






21. Involved in blood cell formation






22. Move by beating cilia or flagella






23. Serve as bone to bone connectors






24. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






25. Muscle tissues of the heart






26. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






29. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






30. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






31. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






32. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






35. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






36. Chains of actin molecules






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. State of partial contraction






39. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






40. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






41. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






42. Region containing thick filaments only






43. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






46. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






47. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






48. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






49. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






50. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)