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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






2. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






3. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






4. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






5. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






6. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






7. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






8. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






9. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






10. Serve as bone to bone connectors






11. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






12. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






15. Indicates a straightening of a join






16. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






17. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






18. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






19. Concentric circles of bony matrix






20. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






21. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






23. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






24. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






25. Move by beating cilia or flagella






26. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






27. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






28. The region containing thin filaments only






29. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






30. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






31. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






32. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






33. State of partial contraction






34. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






35. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






36. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






37. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






38. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






39. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






40. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






44. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






45. Involved in blood cell formation






46. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






47. Region containing thick filaments only






48. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






49. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






50. Runs down the center of the sarcomere