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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serve as bone to bone connectors






2. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






3. Concentric circles of bony matrix






4. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






5. Units of diveded myofibrils






6. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






7. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






10. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






11. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






12. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






13. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






14. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






15. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






16. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






17. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






18. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






19. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






20. Involved in blood cell formation






21. The region containing thin filaments only






22. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






23. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






24. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






25. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






26. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






27. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






30. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






31. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






32. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






33. Region containing thick filaments only






34. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






35. Chains of actin molecules






36. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






37. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






38. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






39. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






40. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






41. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






42. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






43. Move by beating cilia or flagella






44. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






45. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






46. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






47. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






48. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






49. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






50. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction