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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






2. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






3. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






4. Chains of actin molecules






5. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






6. Units of diveded myofibrils






7. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






8. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






9. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






10. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






11. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






12. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






13. The region containing thin filaments only






14. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






15. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






16. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






17. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






18. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






19. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






20. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






21. Region containing thick filaments only






22. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






23. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






24. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






25. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






26. State of partial contraction






27. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






28. Move by beating cilia or flagella






29. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






30. Refers to a bending of a joint






31. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






32. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






33. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






34. Involved in blood cell formation






35. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






36. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






37. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






38. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






39. Composed of thin and thick filaments






40. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






41. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






42. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






43. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






44. Concentric circles of bony matrix






45. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






46. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






47. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






48. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






49. Serve as bone to bone connectors






50. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle