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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






2. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






3. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






4. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






5. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






6. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






7. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






8. Involved in blood cell formation






9. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






10. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






11. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






12. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






17. Units of diveded myofibrils






18. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






19. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






20. Chains of actin molecules






21. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






22. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






23. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






24. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






25. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






26. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






27. Concentric circles of bony matrix






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






30. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






31. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






32. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






33. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






34. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






35. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






36. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






37. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






38. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






39. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






40. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






41. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






42. Refers to a bending of a joint






43. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






44. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






45. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






46. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






47. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






48. The region containing thin filaments only






49. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






50. Muscle tissues of the heart