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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






2. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






3. Muscle tissues of the heart






4. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






5. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






6. Composed of thin and thick filaments






7. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






8. Serve as bone to bone connectors






9. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






10. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






11. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






12. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






13. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






14. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






17. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






18. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






19. Units of diveded myofibrils






20. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






23. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






24. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






25. Refers to a bending of a joint






26. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






27. The region containing thin filaments only






28. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






29. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






30. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






31. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






32. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






33. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






34. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






35. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






36. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






37. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






38. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






39. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






40. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






41. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






42. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






43. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Indicates a straightening of a join






46. Move by beating cilia or flagella






47. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






48. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






49. State of partial contraction






50. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments