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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






2. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






3. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






4. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






9. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






10. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






11. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






12. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






13. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






14. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






15. Units of diveded myofibrils






16. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






17. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






19. Composed of thin and thick filaments






20. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






21. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






22. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






23. Indicates a straightening of a join






24. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






25. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






26. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






27. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






28. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






31. Serve as bone to bone connectors






32. Move by beating cilia or flagella






33. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






34. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






35. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






36. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






37. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






40. Region containing thick filaments only






41. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






42. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






43. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






46. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






47. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






50. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system