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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






2. Composed of thin and thick filaments






3. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






4. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






5. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






6. State of partial contraction






7. Indicates a straightening of a join






8. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






9. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






11. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






14. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






15. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






16. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






17. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






18. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






19. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






20. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






23. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






24. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






25. Move by beating cilia or flagella






26. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






27. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






28. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






29. The region containing thin filaments only






30. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






33. Concentric circles of bony matrix






34. Chains of actin molecules






35. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






36. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






37. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






38. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






39. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






40. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






41. Refers to a bending of a joint






42. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






43. Muscle tissues of the heart






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Involved in blood cell formation






46. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






47. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






48. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






49. Region containing thick filaments only






50. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules