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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






3. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






4. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






5. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






6. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






7. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






8. Move by beating cilia or flagella






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






11. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






12. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






13. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






14. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






15. Involved in blood cell formation






16. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






17. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






18. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






19. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






20. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






21. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






22. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






23. The region containing thin filaments only






24. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






25. Region containing thick filaments only






26. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






27. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






28. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






29. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






30. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






31. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






32. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






33. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






34. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






35. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






36. Muscle tissues of the heart






37. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






38. Refers to a bending of a joint






39. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






40. Composed of thin and thick filaments






41. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






42. State of partial contraction






43. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






44. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






45. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






46. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






47. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






48. Chains of actin molecules






49. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






50. Concentric circles of bony matrix