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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






2. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






3. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






4. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






5. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






6. State of partial contraction






7. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






8. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






9. The region containing thin filaments only






10. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






11. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






12. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. Composed of thin and thick filaments






15. Units of diveded myofibrils






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






18. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






19. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






20. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






21. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






22. Concentric circles of bony matrix






23. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






24. Move by beating cilia or flagella






25. Region containing thick filaments only






26. Muscle tissues of the heart






27. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






28. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






31. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






32. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






33. Chains of actin molecules






34. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






37. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






38. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






39. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






40. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






41. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






42. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






43. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






44. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






45. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






46. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






47. Serve as bone to bone connectors






48. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






49. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






50. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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