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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. Serve as bone to bone connectors






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






6. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. Involved in blood cell formation






9. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






10. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






11. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






12. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






15. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






16. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






17. Refers to a bending of a joint






18. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






19. Muscle tissues of the heart






20. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






21. Region containing thick filaments only






22. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






23. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






24. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






25. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






26. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






27. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






28. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






29. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






30. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






31. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






32. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






33. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






34. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






35. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






36. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






39. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






40. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Composed of thin and thick filaments






43. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






44. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






45. The region containing thin filaments only






46. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






47. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






48. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






49. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






50. Chains of actin molecules