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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






5. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






6. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






7. Serve as bone to bone connectors






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Muscle tissues of the heart






10. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






11. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






12. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. Involved in blood cell formation






15. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






16. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






17. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






18. Indicates a straightening of a join






19. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






20. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






21. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






22. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






23. Units of diveded myofibrils






24. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






25. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






26. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






29. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






30. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






31. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






34. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






35. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






36. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






37. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






38. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






39. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






40. Concentric circles of bony matrix






41. Composed of thin and thick filaments






42. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






43. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






44. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






45. The region containing thin filaments only






46. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






47. Refers to a bending of a joint






48. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






49. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






50. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments