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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






2. Involved in blood cell formation






3. Muscle tissues of the heart






4. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






5. Composed of thin and thick filaments






6. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






7. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Concentric circles of bony matrix






10. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






12. Serve as bone to bone connectors






13. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






14. State of partial contraction






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






17. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






18. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






19. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






22. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






23. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






24. Indicates a straightening of a join






25. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






26. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






27. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






28. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






29. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






30. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






31. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






32. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






33. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






34. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






37. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






38. Region containing thick filaments only






39. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






40. Move by beating cilia or flagella






41. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






42. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






43. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






44. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






45. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






46. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






47. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






48. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






49. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






50. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases