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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






2. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






3. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






4. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






5. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






6. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






7. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






8. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






9. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






10. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






11. Chains of actin molecules






12. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






13. Composed of thin and thick filaments






14. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






15. Muscle tissues of the heart






16. Indicates a straightening of a join






17. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






19. Refers to a bending of a joint






20. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






21. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






22. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






23. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






24. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






25. Concentric circles of bony matrix






26. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






27. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






28. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






29. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






30. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






31. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






32. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






33. Involved in blood cell formation






34. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






35. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






36. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






37. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






38. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






39. Move by beating cilia or flagella






40. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






41. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






42. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






43. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






44. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






45. Region containing thick filaments only






46. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






47. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






48. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






49. Serve as bone to bone connectors






50. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle