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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






2. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






3. Chains of actin molecules






4. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






5. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






6. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






7. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






8. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






9. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






10. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






11. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






12. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






13. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






14. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






15. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






16. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






17. Move by beating cilia or flagella






18. Indicates a straightening of a join






19. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






20. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






21. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






22. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






23. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






24. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






25. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






26. Serve as bone to bone connectors






27. State of partial contraction






28. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






29. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






31. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






32. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






33. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






34. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






35. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






36. Involved in blood cell formation






37. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






38. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






39. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






40. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






41. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






42. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






43. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






44. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






45. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






46. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






47. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






48. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






49. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






50. Muscle tissues of the heart