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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






2. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






6. Composed of thin and thick filaments






7. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






8. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






9. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






11. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






16. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






17. Move by beating cilia or flagella






18. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






19. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






20. Units of diveded myofibrils






21. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






22. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






23. Chains of actin molecules






24. Involved in blood cell formation






25. Indicates a straightening of a join






26. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






27. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






28. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






29. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






30. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






31. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






32. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






33. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






34. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






35. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






36. Refers to a bending of a joint






37. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






38. State of partial contraction






39. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






40. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






41. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






44. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






45. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






48. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






49. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






50. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils