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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






2. Serve as bone to bone connectors






3. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






4. Move by beating cilia or flagella






5. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






6. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






7. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






8. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






9. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






10. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






11. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






12. The region containing thin filaments only






13. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






14. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






15. State of partial contraction






16. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






17. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






18. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






19. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






20. Indicates a straightening of a join






21. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






22. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






23. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






24. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






25. Region containing thick filaments only






26. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






27. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






28. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






29. Concentric circles of bony matrix






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






31. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






32. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






33. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






34. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






35. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






36. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






37. Involved in blood cell formation






38. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






39. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






40. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






41. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






42. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






43. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






44. Muscle tissues of the heart






45. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






46. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






47. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






48. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






49. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






50. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs