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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






2. Muscle tissues of the heart






3. Chains of actin molecules






4. The region containing thin filaments only






5. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






9. Region containing thick filaments only






10. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






11. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






12. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






13. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






14. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






15. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






16. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






17. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






18. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






19. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






20. Refers to a bending of a joint






21. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






22. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






23. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






24. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






25. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






27. Concentric circles of bony matrix






28. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






29. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






30. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






31. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






32. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






33. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






34. Indicates a straightening of a join






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






37. State of partial contraction






38. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






39. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






40. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






41. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






46. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






47. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






48. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






49. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






50. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle