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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






2. Units of diveded myofibrils






3. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






4. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






5. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






6. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






7. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






8. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






9. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






10. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






11. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






12. Composed of thin and thick filaments






13. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






14. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






17. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






18. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






19. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






20. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






21. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






22. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






23. Concentric circles of bony matrix






24. Region containing thick filaments only






25. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






27. Muscle tissues of the heart






28. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






29. Serve as bone to bone connectors






30. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






31. Refers to a bending of a joint






32. Chains of actin molecules






33. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






34. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






35. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






36. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






37. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






38. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






39. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






40. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






41. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






42. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






43. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






44. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






45. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






46. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






47. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






48. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






49. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






50. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant