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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






2. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






3. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






4. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






5. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






6. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






7. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






8. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






9. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






10. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






11. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






12. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






13. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






14. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






17. Involved in blood cell formation






18. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






19. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






20. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






21. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






23. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






25. State of partial contraction






26. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






27. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






28. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






31. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. Indicates a straightening of a join






34. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






35. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






36. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






37. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






38. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






39. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






40. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






41. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






42. Region containing thick filaments only






43. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






44. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






45. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






46. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






47. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






48. Chains of actin molecules






49. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






50. Runs down the center of the sarcomere