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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






2. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






3. Indicates a straightening of a join






4. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






5. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






6. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






7. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






8. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






9. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






10. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






13. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






16. Move by beating cilia or flagella






17. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






20. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






21. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






22. Units of diveded myofibrils






23. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






24. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






25. Chains of actin molecules






26. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






27. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






28. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






29. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






30. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






31. State of partial contraction






32. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






33. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






34. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






35. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






36. Concentric circles of bony matrix






37. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






38. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






39. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






40. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






41. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






42. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






43. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






44. Composed of thin and thick filaments






45. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






46. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






47. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






48. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






49. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






50. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils