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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






2. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






3. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






4. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






5. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






6. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






7. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






8. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






9. The region containing thin filaments only






10. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






13. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






14. Muscle tissues of the heart






15. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






16. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






17. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






18. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






19. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






20. Units of diveded myofibrils






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. State of partial contraction






23. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






24. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






25. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






26. Indicates a straightening of a join






27. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






28. Chains of actin molecules






29. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






30. Refers to a bending of a joint






31. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






34. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






35. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






36. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






37. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






38. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






39. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






40. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






41. Move by beating cilia or flagella






42. Involved in blood cell formation






43. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






44. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






45. Composed of thin and thick filaments






46. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






47. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






48. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






49. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






50. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow







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