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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






2. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






3. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






6. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






7. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






8. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






9. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






10. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






11. Composed of thin and thick filaments






12. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






13. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






14. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Units of diveded myofibrils






17. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






18. Involved in blood cell formation






19. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






22. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






23. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






24. Chains of actin molecules






25. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






26. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






27. Serve as bone to bone connectors






28. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






29. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






30. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






33. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






34. The region containing thin filaments only






35. Region containing thick filaments only






36. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






37. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






38. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Concentric circles of bony matrix






41. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






42. State of partial contraction






43. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






44. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






45. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






46. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






47. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






48. Muscle tissues of the heart






49. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






50. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints