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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Move by beating cilia or flagella






2. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






3. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






4. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






7. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






8. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






9. Involved in blood cell formation






10. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






11. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






12. The region containing thin filaments only






13. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






14. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






15. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






16. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






17. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






18. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






19. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






20. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






21. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






22. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






23. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






24. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






25. Chains of actin molecules






26. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






29. Units of diveded myofibrils






30. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






33. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






34. Serve as bone to bone connectors






35. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






36. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






37. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






38. Indicates a straightening of a join






39. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






40. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






41. Refers to a bending of a joint






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






44. Muscle tissues of the heart






45. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






46. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






47. State of partial contraction






48. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






49. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






50. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue