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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






2. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






3. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






4. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






5. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






6. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






9. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






10. Region containing thick filaments only






11. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






12. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






13. Composed of thin and thick filaments






14. Indicates a straightening of a join






15. Involved in blood cell formation






16. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






17. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






18. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






19. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






20. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






21. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






22. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






23. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






24. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






25. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






26. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






29. Move by beating cilia or flagella






30. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






31. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






32. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






33. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






34. Units of diveded myofibrils






35. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






36. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






37. Serve as bone to bone connectors






38. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






39. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






40. Concentric circles of bony matrix






41. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






42. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






43. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






44. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






45. State of partial contraction






46. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






47. The region containing thin filaments only






48. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






49. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






50. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments







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