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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






2. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






3. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






4. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






5. State of partial contraction






6. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






7. Serve as bone to bone connectors






8. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






9. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






10. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






11. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






12. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






13. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






14. Move by beating cilia or flagella






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Region containing thick filaments only






17. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






18. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






19. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






20. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






21. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






22. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






23. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






24. Units of diveded myofibrils






25. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






26. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






27. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






28. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






29. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






30. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






33. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






34. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






37. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






38. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






39. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






40. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






41. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






42. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






44. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






45. Involved in blood cell formation






46. Concentric circles of bony matrix






47. Muscle tissues of the heart






48. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






49. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






50. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level