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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






2. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






3. State of partial contraction






4. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






5. Concentric circles of bony matrix






6. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






7. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






9. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






10. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






11. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






12. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






13. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






14. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






17. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






18. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






19. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






22. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






23. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






24. Indicates a straightening of a join






25. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






26. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






27. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






28. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






29. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






30. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






31. Move by beating cilia or flagella






32. Serve as bone to bone connectors






33. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






34. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






35. Muscle tissues of the heart






36. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






37. Refers to a bending of a joint






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






40. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






41. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






42. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






43. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






46. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






47. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






48. Units of diveded myofibrils






49. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






50. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period