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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region containing thin filaments only






2. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






3. Move by beating cilia or flagella






4. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






5. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






6. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






7. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






8. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






9. Refers to a bending of a joint






10. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






11. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






12. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






13. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






14. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. Units of diveded myofibrils






17. Chains of actin molecules






18. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






19. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






20. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






21. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






22. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






23. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






24. Involved in blood cell formation






25. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






26. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






27. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






28. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






29. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






30. Composed of thin and thick filaments






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Indicates a straightening of a join






33. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






34. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






35. Concentric circles of bony matrix






36. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






37. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






38. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






39. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






40. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






41. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






42. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






43. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






44. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






45. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






46. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






47. State of partial contraction






48. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






49. Serve as bone to bone connectors






50. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres