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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






2. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






3. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






6. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






7. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






8. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






9. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






10. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






11. Chains of actin molecules






12. Composed of thin and thick filaments






13. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






14. The region containing thin filaments only






15. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






16. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






19. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






20. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






21. Refers to a bending of a joint






22. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






23. Indicates a straightening of a join






24. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






25. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






26. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






29. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






31. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






32. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






33. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






34. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






35. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






36. Muscle tissues of the heart






37. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






38. Region containing thick filaments only






39. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






40. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






41. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






42. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






43. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






44. State of partial contraction






45. Move by beating cilia or flagella






46. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






47. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






48. Involved in blood cell formation






49. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






50. Concentric circles of bony matrix