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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






2. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






3. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






4. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






5. Chains of actin molecules






6. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






7. Indicates a straightening of a join






8. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






9. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






10. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






11. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






12. Move by beating cilia or flagella






13. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






14. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






15. Concentric circles of bony matrix






16. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






17. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






18. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






19. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






20. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






21. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






22. Composed of thin and thick filaments






23. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






24. Units of diveded myofibrils






25. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






26. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






27. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






28. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






29. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






30. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






31. Region containing thick filaments only






32. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






33. The region containing thin filaments only






34. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






35. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






36. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






37. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






38. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






39. Refers to a bending of a joint






40. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






41. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






42. Muscle tissues of the heart






43. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






44. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






45. Involved in blood cell formation






46. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






48. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






49. Serve as bone to bone connectors






50. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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