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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






2. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






3. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






4. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






7. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






8. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






9. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






10. Composed of thin and thick filaments






11. The region containing thin filaments only






12. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






13. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






15. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






16. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






17. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






18. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






19. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






20. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






21. Serve as bone to bone connectors






22. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






23. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






26. Muscle tissues of the heart






27. Chains of actin molecules






28. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






29. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






30. Concentric circles of bony matrix






31. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






32. State of partial contraction






33. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






34. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






35. Region containing thick filaments only






36. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






37. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






38. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






39. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






40. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






41. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






42. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






43. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






46. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






47. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






48. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






49. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






50. Runs down the center of the sarcomere