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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






2. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






3. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






4. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






5. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






6. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






7. The region containing thin filaments only






8. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






9. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






10. Region containing thick filaments only






11. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






12. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






13. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






14. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






15. Move by beating cilia or flagella






16. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






17. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






18. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






19. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






20. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






21. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






22. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






23. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






24. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






25. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






26. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






27. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






28. Composed of thin and thick filaments






29. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






30. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






31. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






32. Indicates a straightening of a join






33. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






34. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






37. Units of diveded myofibrils






38. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






39. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






40. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






41. Concentric circles of bony matrix






42. Chains of actin molecules






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






44. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






45. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






46. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






47. State of partial contraction






48. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






49. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






50. Serve as bone to bone connectors