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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






2. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






3. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






4. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






5. Muscle tissues of the heart






6. Involved in blood cell formation






7. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






8. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






9. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






10. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






11. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






12. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






13. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






14. Indicates a straightening of a join






15. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






16. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






17. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






18. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






19. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






20. The region containing thin filaments only






21. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






22. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






23. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






24. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






25. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






26. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






27. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






28. Serve as bone to bone connectors






29. Chains of actin molecules






30. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






31. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






32. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






33. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






34. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






35. Refers to a bending of a joint






36. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






37. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






38. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






39. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






40. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






41. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






42. Composed of thin and thick filaments






43. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






44. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






45. Move by beating cilia or flagella






46. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






47. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






48. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






49. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






50. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue