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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






2. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






3. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






4. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






7. Serve as bone to bone connectors






8. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






9. Indicates a straightening of a join






10. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






11. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






12. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






15. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






16. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






17. Muscle tissues of the heart






18. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






19. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






20. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






21. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






22. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






23. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






24. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






25. Chains of actin molecules






26. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. Units of diveded myofibrils






29. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






30. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






31. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






32. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






33. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






34. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






35. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






36. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






37. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






38. Composed of thin and thick filaments






39. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






40. The region containing thin filaments only






41. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






42. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






43. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






44. Concentric circles of bony matrix






45. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






46. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






47. Refers to a bending of a joint






48. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






49. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






50. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption