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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






2. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






3. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






4. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






5. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






6. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






7. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






8. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






9. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






10. Chains of actin molecules






11. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






12. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






13. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






14. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






15. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






16. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






17. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






18. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






19. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






20. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






21. Muscle tissues of the heart






22. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






23. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






24. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






25. State of partial contraction






26. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






27. Move by beating cilia or flagella






28. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






29. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






30. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






31. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






32. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






33. Units of diveded myofibrils






34. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






35. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






36. Concentric circles of bony matrix






37. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






38. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






39. Involved in blood cell formation






40. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






41. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






42. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






43. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






44. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






45. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






46. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






47. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






48. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






49. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






50. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules