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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






2. Chains of actin molecules






3. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






4. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






5. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






6. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






7. Refers to a bending of a joint






8. Involved in blood cell formation






9. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






10. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






11. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






12. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






13. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






14. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






15. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






16. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






17. Units of diveded myofibrils






18. Concentric circles of bony matrix






19. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






20. Indicates a straightening of a join






21. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






24. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






25. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






26. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






27. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






28. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






29. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






30. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






31. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






32. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






33. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






34. Composed of thin and thick filaments






35. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






36. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






37. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






38. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






39. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






40. Region containing thick filaments only






41. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






42. Serve as bone to bone connectors






43. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






44. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






45. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






46. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






47. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






48. Move by beating cilia or flagella






49. Muscle tissues of the heart






50. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints