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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The region containing thin filaments only






2. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






3. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






4. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






5. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






6. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






7. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






8. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






9. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






10. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






11. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






12. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






13. Muscle tissues of the heart






14. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






15. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






16. Chains of actin molecules






17. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






18. Move by beating cilia or flagella






19. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






20. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






21. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






22. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






23. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






24. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






25. Units of diveded myofibrils






26. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






27. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






28. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






29. Involved in blood cell formation






30. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






31. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






32. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






33. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






34. Refers to a bending of a joint






35. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






36. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






37. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






38. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






39. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






40. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






41. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






42. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






43. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






44. State of partial contraction






45. Region containing thick filaments only






46. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






47. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






48. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






49. Indicates a straightening of a join






50. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms