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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






2. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






3. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






4. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






5. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






6. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






7. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






8. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






9. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






10. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






11. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






12. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






13. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






14. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






15. The region containing thin filaments only






16. Move by beating cilia or flagella






17. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






18. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






19. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






20. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






21. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






22. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






23. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Indicates a straightening of a join






26. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






27. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






28. Involved in blood cell formation






29. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






30. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






31. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






32. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






33. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






34. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






35. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






36. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






37. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






38. Chains of actin molecules






39. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






40. Composed of thin and thick filaments






41. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






42. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






43. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






44. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






45. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






46. Units of diveded myofibrils






47. Concentric circles of bony matrix






48. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






49. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






50. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs