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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






2. Concentric circles of bony matrix






3. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






4. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






5. Muscle tissues of the heart






6. The region containing thin filaments only






7. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






8. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






9. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






10. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






11. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






12. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






13. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






14. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






15. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






16. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






17. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






18. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






19. Indicates a straightening of a join






20. Move by beating cilia or flagella






21. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






22. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






23. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






24. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






25. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






26. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






27. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






28. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






29. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






30. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Chains of actin molecules






33. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






34. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






35. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






36. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






37. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






38. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






39. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






40. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






41. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






42. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






43. Composed of thin and thick filaments






44. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






45. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






46. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






47. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






48. Units of diveded myofibrils






49. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






50. Involved in blood cell formation







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