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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Serve as bone to bone connectors






2. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






3. Indicates a straightening of a join






4. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






5. State of partial contraction






6. Move by beating cilia or flagella






7. Chains of actin molecules






8. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






9. Muscle tissues of the heart






10. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






11. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






12. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






13. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






14. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






15. Region containing thick filaments only






16. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






17. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






18. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






19. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






20. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






21. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






22. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






23. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






24. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






25. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






26. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






27. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






28. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






29. The region containing thin filaments only






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






32. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






33. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






34. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






35. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






36. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






37. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






38. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






39. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






40. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






41. Concentric circles of bony matrix






42. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






43. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






44. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






45. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






46. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






47. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






48. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






49. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






50. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms