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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






2. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






3. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






4. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






5. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






6. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






7. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






8. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






9. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






10. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






11. Region containing thick filaments only






12. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






13. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






14. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






15. Muscle tissues of the heart






16. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






17. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






18. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






19. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






20. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






21. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






22. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






23. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






24. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






25. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






26. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






27. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






28. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






29. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






30. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






31. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






32. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






33. Move by beating cilia or flagella






34. Units of diveded myofibrils






35. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






36. The region containing thin filaments only






37. Composed of thin and thick filaments






38. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






39. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






40. Serve as bone to bone connectors






41. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






42. Indicates a straightening of a join






43. Chains of actin molecules






44. Involved in blood cell formation






45. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






46. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






47. Concentric circles of bony matrix






48. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






49. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly