Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






2. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






3. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






4. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Chains of actin molecules






7. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






8. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






9. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






10. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






11. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






12. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






13. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






14. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules






15. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






16. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






17. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






18. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






19. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






20. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






21. Refers to a bending of a joint






22. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






23. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






24. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






25. Region containing thick filaments only






26. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






27. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






28. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






29. Muscle tissues of the heart






30. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






31. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






32. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






33. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






34. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






35. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






36. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






37. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






38. The region containing thin filaments only






39. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






40. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






41. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






42. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






43. Indicates a straightening of a join






44. Composed of thin and thick filaments






45. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






46. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






47. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






48. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






49. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






50. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell