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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






2. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






3. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






4. State of partial contraction






5. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle






6. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






7. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






8. Indicates a straightening of a join






9. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






10. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






11. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






12. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






13. Involved in blood cell formation






14. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






15. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






16. Refers to a bending of a joint






17. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






18. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






19. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






20. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






21. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






22. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






23. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






24. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






25. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






26. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






27. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






28. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






29. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






30. Muscle tissues of the heart






31. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






32. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






33. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






34. Move by beating cilia or flagella






35. The region containing thin filaments only






36. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






37. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






38. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






39. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






40. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






41. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






42. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






43. Units of diveded myofibrils






44. Serve as bone to bone connectors






45. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






46. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






47. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






48. Concentric circles of bony matrix






49. Region containing thick filaments only






50. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly