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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






2. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






3. Filaments embedded in fibers of muscles - which are divided into sarcomeres






4. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






5. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






6. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






7. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






8. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






9. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






10. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






11. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






12. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






13. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






15. Specialized type of mineralized connective tissue that has the ability to withstand physical stress -designed for body support -hard and strong while - at the same time somewhat elastic and lightweight






16. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






17. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






18. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






19. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






20. State of partial contraction






21. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






22. Serve as bone to bone connectors






23. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






24. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






25. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






26. Type of connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone -retained in adults in places where firmness and flexibility are needed






27. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






28. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






29. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






30. The primary source of energy for muscle contraction






31. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






32. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






33. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






34. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






35. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






36. Region containing thick filaments only






37. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






38. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






39. Chains of actin molecules






40. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






41. The region containing thin filaments only






42. Indicates a straightening of a join






43. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






44. Refers to a bending of a joint






45. Composed of thin and thick filaments






46. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






47. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






48. Concentric circles of bony matrix






49. Units of diveded myofibrils






50. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow