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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. After the contraction period - this is a brief relaxation period in which the muscle is unresponsive to a stimulus






2. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






3. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






4. Occurs by either endochondral ossification or by intramembranous ossification






5. Involved in blood cell formation






6. The response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold stiulus - and consists of a latent period - a contraction period - and a relaxation period






7. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






8. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






9. Composed of thin and thick filaments






10. Amoeba use for locomotion where the advancing cell membrane extends forward






11. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






12. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






13. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






14. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






15. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






16. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






17. Refers to a bending of a joint






18. Move by beating cilia or flagella






19. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






20. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






21. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






22. When fibers of a muscle are expoed to a very frequent stimuli - the muscle can't fully relax and the contractions begin to combine - becoming stronger and more prolonged






23. Runs down the center of the sarcomere






24. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






25. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






26. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






27. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






28. Region containing thick filaments only






29. Units of diveded myofibrils






30. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






31. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






32. Muscle tissues of the heart






33. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






34. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






35. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






36. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






37. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






38. Serves as the framework within all vertebrate organisms






39. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






40. Chains of actin molecules






41. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fibers shorten and the tension on the muscle increases






42. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






43. A hard skeleton that covers all muscles and organs of some invertebrates -found principally in arthropods -composed of noncellular material secreted by the epidermis






44. State of partial contraction






45. Indicates a straightening of a join






46. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






47. Point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves (distal end in limb muscles)






48. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






49. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






50. Much less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules