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PCAT Biology Muscles And Locomotion

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region containing thick filaments only






2. Provides channels for ion flow throughout the muscle fibers - and can also propagate an action potential






3. Modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions that envelop myofibrils






4. Muscles contract against the resistance of the incompressible fluid within the animal's tissues (this fluid is termed the hydrostatic skeleton)






5. Type of dynamic contraction where the muscle fiber lengthens and the tension on the muscle increases






6. Link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton( and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber






7. Dense bone that does not appear to have any cavities when observed with the naked -bony matrix is deposited in structural units called osteons






8. Synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix; once they have become surrounded by their matrix - they mature into osteocytes






9. Cells responsible for synthesizing cartillage






10. Involved in blood cell formation






11. The basic framework of the body - consisting of the skull - vertebral column - and the rib cage






12. Existing cartilage is replaced by bone






13. HGb-like protein found in muscle tissue -has a high oxygen affinity and maintains the oxygen supply in muscles by bind oxygen tightly






14. The cavities in between the spicules are filled with yellow or red bone marrow






15. In vertebrates and some invertebrates - particularly echinoderms - energy can be temporarily stored in a high-energy compound






16. Serve as bone to bone connectors






17. Large - multinucleated cells involved in bone resorption






18. State of partial contraction






19. Centers that can issue somatic motor commands as a result of processing performed at the unconscious - involuntary level






20. Contraction that becomes continuous when the stimuli are so frequent that the muscle can't relax and is stronger than a simple twith of a single fiber






21. Concentric circles of bony matrix






22. Spans the entire length of the thick filaments and any overlapping portions of the thin filaments






23. Time between stimulation and the onset of contraction






24. Condition where the muscles contract and become rigid - even without action potentials which is caused b an absence of adenosiine triphosphate - which is required for the myosin heads to be released from the actin filaments






25. Occurs whne a muscle shortens against a fixed load while the tension on that remains constant






26. Striations of light and dark bands of skeletal muscle






27. Stimulated by a message from the somatic nervous system sent via a motor neuron






28. Refers to a bending of a joint






29. Composed of organized bundles of myosin molecules






30. Occurs when both ends of the muscle are fixed and no change in length occurs during the contraction - but the tension increases






31. Multinucleated cell created by the fusion of several mononucleated embryonic cell






32. Purpose is to convert lactic acid in the liver to glucose for discharge into the bloodstream during period of strenuous activity






33. Responsible for voluntary movements and is innervated by the somatic nervous system






34. Achieve movement by means of the power stroke -a thrusting movement generated by the sliding action of microtubules






35. Mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into - and replaced by - bone






36. Consists of a central microscopic channel called a Haversian Canal - surrounded by a number of lamellae






37. Muscle tissues of the heart






38. Inactive and infiltrated by adipose tissue






39. Skeletal muscle - smooth muscle - and cardia muscle






40. Point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone (the proximal end in limb muscles)






41. Composed of thin and thick filaments






42. Move by beating cilia or flagella






43. Define the boundaries of a single sacromere and anchor the thin filaments






44. Responsible for involuntary actions and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system -found in the digetive tract - bladder - uterus - and blood vessel walls - among other places






45. Advance principally by the action of muscles on a hydrostatic skeleton






46. Able to provide rapid commands to the skeletal muscles and variious other organs






47. The region containing thin filaments only






48. Capable of propagating an action potential and is connected to a system of transverse tubules (T system) oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils






49. Attach skeletal muscle to bones and bend the skeleton at the movable joints






50. Includes both concentric and eccentric types of contractions -results in the chang in length of the muscle with a corresponding change in tension on that muscle