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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






2. Undergoes disjunction






3. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






4. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






5. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






6. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






7. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






8. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






9. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






10. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






11. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






12. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






13. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






14. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






15. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






16. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






17. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






18. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






19. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






20. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






21. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






22. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






23. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






24. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






25. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






26. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






27. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






28. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






29. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






30. A means of reproduction






31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






32. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






33. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






34. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






35. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






36. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






37. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






38. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






39. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






40. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






41. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






42. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






43. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






44. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






45. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






46. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






47. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






48. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






49. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






50. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -