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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






2. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






3. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






4. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






5. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






6. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






7. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






8. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






9. Menstrual flow






10. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






11. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






12. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






13. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






14. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






15. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






16. Have one cotyledon






17. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






18. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






19. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






20. Egg






21. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






22. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






23. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






24. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






25. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






26. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






27. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






28. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






29. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






30. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






31. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






32. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






33. Uncoiled DNA






34. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






35. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






36. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






37. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






38. Female gonads that produce oocytes






39. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






40. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






41. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






42. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






43. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






44. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






45. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






46. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






47. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






48. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






49. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






50. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually