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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






2. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






3. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






4. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






5. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






6. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






7. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






8. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






9. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






10. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






11. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






12. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






13. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






14. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






15. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






16. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






17. Uncoiled DNA






18. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






19. A means of reproduction






20. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






21. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






22. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






23. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






24. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






25. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






26. Undergoes disjunction






27. Union of gametes






28. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






29. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






30. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






31. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






32. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






33. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






34. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






35. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






36. Surrounded by two layers of cells






37. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






38. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






39. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






40. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






41. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






42. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






43. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






44. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






45. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






46. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






47. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






48. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






49. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






50. Diploid cells of spermatogonia