Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






2. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






3. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






4. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






5. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






6. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






7. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






8. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






9. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






10. Split to form several bulbs






11. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






12. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






13. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






14. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






15. Undergoes disjunction






16. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






17. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






18. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






19. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






20. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






21. Have both functional male and female gonads






22. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






23. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






24. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






25. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






26. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






27. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






28. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






29. Uncoiled DNA






30. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






31. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






32. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






33. Surrounded by two layers of cells






34. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






35. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






36. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






37. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






38. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






39. Have one cotyledon






40. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






41. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






42. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






43. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






44. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






45. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






46. Union of gametes






47. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






48. Eggs






49. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






50. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation