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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






2. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






3. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






4. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






5. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






6. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






7. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






8. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






9. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






10. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






11. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






12. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






13. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






14. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






15. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






16. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






17. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






18. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






19. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






20. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






21. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






22. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






23. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






24. Surrounded by two layers of cells






25. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






26. Have both functional male and female gonads






27. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






28. Specialized sex cells






29. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






30. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






31. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






32. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






33. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






34. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






35. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






36. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






37. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






38. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






39. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






40. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






41. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






42. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






43. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






44. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






45. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






46. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






47. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






48. Uncoiled DNA






49. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






50. Nuclear division and followed by cell division