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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






2. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






3. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






4. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






5. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






6. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






7. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






8. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






9. Union of gametes






10. Menstrual flow






11. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






12. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






13. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






14. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






15. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






16. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






17. Have both functional male and female gonads






18. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






19. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






20. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






21. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






22. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






23. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






24. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






25. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






26. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






27. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






28. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






29. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






30. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






31. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






32. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






33. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






34. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






35. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






36. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






37. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






38. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






39. Have one cotyledon






40. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






41. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






42. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






43. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






44. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






45. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






46. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






47. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






48. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






49. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






50. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids