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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






2. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






3. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






4. Surrounded by two layers of cells






5. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






6. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






7. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






8. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






9. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






10. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






11. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






12. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






13. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






14. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






15. A means of reproduction






16. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






17. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






18. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






19. Female gonads that produce oocytes






20. Uncoiled DNA






21. Part of embry that are seed leaves






22. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






23. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






24. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






25. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






26. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






27. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






28. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






29. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






30. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






31. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






32. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






33. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






34. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






35. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






36. Specialized sex cells






37. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






38. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






39. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






40. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






41. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






42. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






43. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






44. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






45. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






46. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






47. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






48. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






49. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






50. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems