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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






2. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






3. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






4. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






5. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






6. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






7. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






8. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






9. Union of gametes






10. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






11. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






12. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






13. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






14. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






15. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






16. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






17. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






18. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






19. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






20. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






21. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






22. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






23. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






24. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






25. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






26. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






27. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






28. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






29. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






30. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






31. Have both functional male and female gonads






32. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






33. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






34. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






35. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






36. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






37. Split to form several bulbs






38. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






39. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






40. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






42. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






43. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






44. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






45. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






46. Surrounded by two layers of cells






47. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






48. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






49. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






50. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels







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