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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail
Spermatozoa
Interphase (Meiosis)
Spores
Seed Coat
2. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr
Angiosperms
Oocytes
Mature sperm
Interphase
3. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium
Head of Sperm
Progesterone
Prophase I
Cortical Reaction
4. Surrounded by two layers of cells
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Cell Division
Prophase I
5. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes
Scrotum
Asexual Reproduction
Meiosis
Budding
6. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Chromatin
Spermatids
Sexual Reproduction Requires
7. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -
Zona Pellucida
Budding
Cell Plate
Plant vs. Animal cells
8. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase I
Metaphase (Interphase)
Cambium
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
9. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Sporophyte Generation
Spermatids
Uterus
10. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Vaginal Canal
Tubers
11. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes
Bulbs
Ovaries
Prophase I
Secondary Spermatocytes
12. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome
Mitosis
Spermatogenesis
Polar Body
Sperm Travels...
13. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root
Hypocotyl
Cortical Reaction
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
14. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time
Partenogenesis
Angiosperms
Telophase (Interphase)
Disjunction
15. A means of reproduction
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
Immature ovum
Anaphase I
Angiosperms
16. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine
Flagellum
Vaginal Canal
Prophase I
Synapsis
17. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum
Second Meiotic Division
Anther
Oogenesis
Acrosome
18. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II
Acrosomal Process
Progesterone
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
Gonads
19. Female gonads that produce oocytes
Secondary Oocyte
Ovaries
Tetrad
Follicle
20. Uncoiled DNA
Chromatin
Tetrad
Scrotum
Anaphase (Interphase)
21. Part of embry that are seed leaves
Cotyledons
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Spermatogonia
Spermatogenesis
22. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses
Ferns
Menstruation
Cell Division
Gametophyte Generation
23. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation
epicotyl
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
24. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo
Anaphase (Interphase)
Endosperm
Corona Radiata
Cell Division
25. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct
Immature ovum
Cytokinesis
Regeneration
Anaphase (Interphase)
26. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally
Telophase (Interphase)
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Ovaries
Meristems
27. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part
Head of Sperm
Regeneration
Cell Plate
Mitosis
28. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Monocots
Mosses
Estrogens
29. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Ovum
Spermatogenesis
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
Filament
30. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles
Acrosomal Process
Cambium
Menstruation
Ovaries
31. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm
Spore Formation
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Dicots
Vaginal Canal
32. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains
Bulbs
Anther
Luteal Phase
Partenogenesis
33. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size
Vegetative Propagation
Spermatogonia
Prophase I
Ovaries
34. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote
Fertilization membrane
Internal Fertilization
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Spermatids
35. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries
Flagellum
Gametes
Menstrual Cycle
Single Mature Egg
36. Specialized sex cells
Oocytes
Gametes
Spermatogenesis
Telophase I
37. Reproductive structure of angiosperms
Oogenesis
Spore Formation
Seed Coat
Flower
38. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen
Cortical Reaction
Mosses
Follicular phase
Crossing Over
39. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form
oviduct
Ferns
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
Menstruation
40. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes
Uterus
Vaginal Canal
Acrosomal Process
Mosses
41. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome
Acrosome
Fertilization
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Head of Sperm
42. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems
Ovum
Runners
Cambium
Angiosperms
43. Secretes estrogen and progesterone
Fertilization
Corpus Luteum
Follicle
Ovulation
44. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re
First Meiotic Division
Oogenesis
Telophase (Interphase)
Progesterone
45. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Spermatogonia
Stamen
Primary Spermatocytes
46. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction
Menstrual Cycle
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Meiosis
Vegetative Propagation
47. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels
Gonads
Ovulation
Polar Body
Sporophyte Generation
48. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes
Uterus
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Telophase I
Gonads
49. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore
oviduct
Meristems
Metaphase I
Telophase (Interphase)
50. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems
Rhizomes
Seed Coat
Asexual Reproduction
Ovaries