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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






2. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






3. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






4. Female gonads that produce oocytes






5. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






6. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






7. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






8. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






9. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






10. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






11. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






12. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






13. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






14. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






15. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






16. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






17. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






18. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






19. Undergoes disjunction






20. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






21. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






22. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






23. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






24. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






25. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






26. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






27. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






28. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






29. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






30. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






31. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






32. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






33. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






34. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






35. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






36. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






37. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






38. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






39. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






40. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






41. Part of embry that are seed leaves






42. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






43. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






44. Split to form several bulbs






45. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






46. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






47. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






48. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






49. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






50. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail