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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






2. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






3. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






4. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






5. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






6. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






7. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






8. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






9. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






10. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






11. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






12. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






13. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






14. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






15. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






16. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






17. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






18. Eggs






19. Have both functional male and female gonads






20. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






21. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






22. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






23. Female gonads that produce oocytes






24. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






25. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






26. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






27. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






28. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






29. Undergoes disjunction






30. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






31. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






32. Specialized sex cells






33. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






34. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






35. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






36. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






37. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






38. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






39. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






40. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






41. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






42. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






43. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






44. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






45. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






46. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






47. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






48. Split to form several bulbs






49. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






50. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe