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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






2. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






3. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






4. Union of gametes






5. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






6. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






7. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






8. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






9. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






10. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






11. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






12. Specialized sex cells






13. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






14. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






15. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






16. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






17. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






18. Have one cotyledon






19. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






20. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






21. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






22. Have both functional male and female gonads






23. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






24. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






25. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






26. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






27. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






28. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






29. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






30. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






31. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






32. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






33. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






34. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






35. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






36. Split to form several bulbs






37. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






38. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






39. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






40. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






41. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






42. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






43. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






44. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






45. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






46. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






47. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






48. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






49. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






50. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane