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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






2. Undergoes disjunction






3. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






4. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






5. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






6. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






7. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






8. A means of reproduction






9. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






10. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






11. Egg






12. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






13. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






14. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






15. Have both functional male and female gonads






16. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






17. Surrounded by two layers of cells






18. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






19. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






20. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






21. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






22. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






23. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






24. Uncoiled DNA






25. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






26. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






27. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






28. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






29. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






30. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






31. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






32. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






33. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






34. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






35. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






36. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






37. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






38. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






39. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






40. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






41. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






42. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






43. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






44. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






45. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






46. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






47. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






48. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






49. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






50. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells