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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






2. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






3. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






4. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






5. Surrounded by two layers of cells






6. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






7. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






8. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






9. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






10. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






11. Menstrual flow






12. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






13. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






14. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






15. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






16. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






17. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






18. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






19. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






20. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






21. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






22. Have both functional male and female gonads






23. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






24. Have one cotyledon






25. Eggs






26. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






27. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






28. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






29. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






30. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






31. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






32. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






33. Female gonads that produce oocytes






34. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






35. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






36. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






37. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






38. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






39. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






40. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






42. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






43. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






44. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






45. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






46. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






47. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






48. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






49. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






50. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth