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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






2. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






3. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






4. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






5. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






6. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






7. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






8. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






9. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






10. Union of gametes






11. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






12. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






13. Undergoes disjunction






14. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






15. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






16. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






17. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






18. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






19. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






20. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






21. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






22. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






23. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






24. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






25. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






26. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






27. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






28. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






29. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






30. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






31. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






32. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






33. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






34. Eggs






35. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






36. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






37. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






38. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






39. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






40. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






41. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






42. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






43. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






44. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






45. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






46. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






47. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






48. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






49. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






50. Egg