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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






2. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






3. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






4. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






5. Split to form several bulbs






6. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






7. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






8. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






9. Specialized sex cells






10. Have both functional male and female gonads






11. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






12. Undergoes disjunction






13. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






14. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






15. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






16. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






17. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






18. Union of gametes






19. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






20. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






21. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






22. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






23. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






24. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






25. Female gonads that produce oocytes






26. Uncoiled DNA






27. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






28. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






29. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






30. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






31. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






32. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






33. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






34. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






35. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






36. Menstrual flow






37. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






38. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






39. Egg






40. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






41. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






42. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






43. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






44. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






45. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






46. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






47. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






48. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






49. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






50. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr