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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






2. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






3. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






4. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






5. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






6. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






7. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






8. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






9. Undergoes disjunction






10. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






11. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






12. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






13. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






14. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






15. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






16. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






17. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






18. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






19. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






20. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






21. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






22. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






23. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






24. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






25. Uncoiled DNA






26. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






27. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






28. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






29. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






30. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






31. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






32. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






33. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






34. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






35. A means of reproduction






36. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






37. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






38. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






39. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






40. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






41. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






42. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






43. Part of embry that are seed leaves






44. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






45. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






46. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






47. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






48. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






49. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






50. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion