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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






2. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






3. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






4. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






5. A means of reproduction






6. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






7. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






8. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






9. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






10. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






11. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






12. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






13. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






14. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






15. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






16. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






17. Female gonads that produce oocytes






18. Egg






19. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






20. Split to form several bulbs






21. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






22. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






23. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






24. Have both functional male and female gonads






25. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






26. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






27. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






28. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






29. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






30. Undergoes disjunction






31. Uncoiled DNA






32. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






33. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






34. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






35. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






36. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






37. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






38. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






39. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






40. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






41. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






42. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






43. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






44. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






45. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






46. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






47. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






48. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






49. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






50. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules