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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides
Female Sex Hormones
Metaphase (Interphase)
Embryo
Four Parts of Interphase
2. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion
Single Mature Egg
Fission
Flagellum
Primary Spermatocytes
3. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation
Disjunction
Chromatin
Menstrual Cycle
Sporophyte Generation
4. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Meiosis
Immature ovum
Apical Meristem
5. Surrounded by two layers of cells
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Monocots
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Plant vs. Animal cells
6. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems
Anther
Follicular phase
Male Urethra
Oogenesis
7. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes
Second Meiotic Division
Spore Formation
Embryo
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
8. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root
Metaphase (Interphase)
Cytokinesis
Urethra
Hypocotyl
9. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II
Ferns
Acrosomal Process
Centromere
External Fertilization
10. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Anaphase (Interphase)
Spermatogenesis
Meiosis
Angiosperms
11. Menstrual flow
Testes
Prophase I
Luteal Phase
Menses
12. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos
Anaphase I
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
Crossing Over
13. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere
Telophase I
oviduct
Secondary Oocyte
Ovaries
14. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids
Testes
First Meiotic Division
Menstruation
Follicular phase
15. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c
Uterus
Crossing Over
Vegetative Propagation
Polar Body
16. Specialized organs where gametes are produced
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Gonads
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
17. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Urethra
Crossing Over
Prophase I
18. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves
Runners
Female Sex Hormones
Dicots
epicotyl
19. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -
Asexual Reproduction
Meristems
Testes
Female Sex Hormones
20. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries
Oogenesis
Gametes
Gonads
Female Sex Hormones
21. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles
Meristem Cells
Plant vs. Animal cells
Ovaries
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
22. Have both functional male and female gonads
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Tetrad
Hermaphrodites
Ferns
23. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to
Prophase I
Dicots
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
Corona Radiata
24. Have one cotyledon
Seed Coat
External Fertilization
Monocots
Sporophyte
25. Eggs
Single Mature Egg
Vaginal Canal
Oocytes
Acrosomal Process
26. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes
Monocots
Sporophyte
Spermatids
Karyokinesis
27. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr
Spermatogonia
Monocots
Mature Ovum
Prophase (Interphase)
28. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome
Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Scrotum
External Fertilization
29. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo
Ovum
Cervix
Mature Ovum
Natural Vegatative Propagation
30. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development
Sporophyte
Meiosis
Spermatids
Uterus
31. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Spores
Monocots
Cytokinesis
32. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses
Asexual Reproduction
Menstruation
Stamen
Cervix
33. Female gonads that produce oocytes
Partenogenesis
Ovaries
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Ovum
34. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome
Disjunction
Metaphase (Interphase)
Cytokinesis
Secondary Oocyte
35. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Apical Meristem
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Spore Formation
36. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are
Fertilization membrane
Monocots
Anaphase (Interphase)
First Meiotic Division
37. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum
Interphase
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
Fertilization
Vegetative Propagation
38. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably
External Fertilization
Progesterone
Scrotum
Testes
39. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re
Hypocotyl
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Telophase (Interphase)
40. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus
oviduct
Angiosperms
Mature sperm
Polar Body
41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal
Telophase I
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Ovaries
Cervix
42. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems
Synapsis
Runners
Filament
Oocytes
43. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Ovulation
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
Cortical Reaction
Spermatogenesis
44. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen
Gonads
Follicle
Tetrad
Gametes
45. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time
Ovaries
Sporophyte Generation
Cell Plate
Angiosperms
46. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains
Mosses
Anther
Tubers
Anaphase I
47. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta
Luteal Phase
Spore Formation
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
oviduct
48. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules
Prophase (Interphase)
Testes
Luteal Phase
Centromere
49. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction
Flagellum
Vegetative Propagation
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
50. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Primary Oocytes
Testosterone
Ovaries