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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






2. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






3. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






4. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






5. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






6. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






7. Female gonads that produce oocytes






8. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






9. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






10. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






11. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






12. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






13. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






14. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






15. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






16. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






17. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






18. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






19. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






20. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






21. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






22. Have both functional male and female gonads






23. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






24. Have one cotyledon






25. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






26. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






27. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






28. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






29. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






30. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






31. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






32. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






33. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






34. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






35. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






36. Eggs






37. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






38. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






39. Uncoiled DNA






40. Part of embry that are seed leaves






41. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






42. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






43. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






44. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






45. Surrounded by two layers of cells






46. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






47. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






48. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






49. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






50. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones