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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






2. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






3. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






4. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






5. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






6. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






7. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






8. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






9. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






10. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






11. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






12. Undergoes disjunction






13. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






14. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






15. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






16. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






17. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






18. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






19. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






20. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






21. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






22. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






23. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






24. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






25. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






26. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






27. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






28. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






29. Have one cotyledon






30. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






31. Female gonads that produce oocytes






32. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






33. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






34. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






35. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






36. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






37. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






38. Egg






39. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






40. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






41. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






42. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






43. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






44. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






45. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






46. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






47. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






48. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






49. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






50. Uncoiled DNA