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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






2. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






3. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






4. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






5. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






6. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






7. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






8. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






9. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






10. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






11. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






12. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






13. Menstrual flow






14. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






15. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






16. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






17. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






18. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






19. A means of reproduction






20. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






21. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






22. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






23. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






24. Female gonads that produce oocytes






25. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






26. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






27. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






28. Egg






29. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






30. Specialized sex cells






31. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






32. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






33. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






34. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






35. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






36. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






37. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






38. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






39. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






40. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






41. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






42. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






43. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






44. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






45. Surrounded by two layers of cells






46. Part of embry that are seed leaves






47. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






48. Have both functional male and female gonads






49. Uncoiled DNA






50. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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