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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






2. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






3. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






4. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






5. Surrounded by two layers of cells






6. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






7. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






8. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






9. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






10. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






11. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






12. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






13. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






14. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






15. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






16. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






17. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






18. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






19. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






20. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






21. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






22. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






23. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






24. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






25. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






26. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






27. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






28. Egg






29. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






30. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






31. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






32. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






33. Female gonads that produce oocytes






34. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






35. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






36. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






37. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






38. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






39. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






40. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






41. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






42. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






43. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






44. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






45. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






46. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






47. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






48. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






49. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






50. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm