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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






2. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






3. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






4. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






5. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






6. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






7. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






8. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






9. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






10. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






11. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






12. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






13. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






14. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






15. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






16. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






17. Part of embry that are seed leaves






18. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






19. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






20. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






21. Egg






22. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






23. Have one cotyledon






24. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






25. Have both functional male and female gonads






26. Eggs






27. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






28. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






29. A means of reproduction






30. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






32. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






33. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






34. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






35. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






36. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






37. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






38. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






39. Female gonads that produce oocytes






40. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






41. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






42. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






43. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






44. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






45. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






46. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






47. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






48. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






49. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






50. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase