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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






2. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






3. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






4. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






5. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






6. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






7. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






8. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






9. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






10. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






11. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






12. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






13. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






14. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






15. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






16. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






17. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






18. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






19. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






20. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






21. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






22. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






23. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






24. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






25. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






26. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






27. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






28. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






29. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






30. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






31. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






32. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






33. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






34. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






35. Split to form several bulbs






36. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






37. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






38. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






39. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






40. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






41. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






42. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






43. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






44. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






45. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






46. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






47. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






48. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






49. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






50. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear