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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






2. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






3. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






4. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






5. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






6. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






7. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






8. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






9. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






10. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






11. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






12. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






13. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






14. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






15. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






16. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






17. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






18. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






19. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






20. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






21. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






22. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






23. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






24. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






25. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






26. Egg






27. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






28. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






29. Union of gametes






30. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






31. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






32. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






33. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






34. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






35. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






36. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






37. Female gonads that produce oocytes






38. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






39. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






40. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






41. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






42. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






43. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






44. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






45. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






46. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






47. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






48. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






49. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






50. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr