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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






2. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






3. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






4. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






5. Eggs






6. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






7. Menstrual flow






8. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






9. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






10. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






11. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






12. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






13. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






14. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






15. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






16. Split to form several bulbs






17. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






18. Specialized sex cells






19. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






20. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






21. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






22. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






23. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






24. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






25. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






26. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






27. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






28. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






29. Have both functional male and female gonads






30. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






31. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






32. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






33. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






34. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






35. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






36. Female gonads that produce oocytes






37. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






38. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






39. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






40. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






41. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






42. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






43. A means of reproduction






44. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






45. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






46. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






47. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






48. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






49. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






50. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably