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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






2. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






3. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






4. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






5. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






6. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






7. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






8. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






9. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






10. Egg






11. Undergoes disjunction






12. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






13. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






14. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






15. Union of gametes






16. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






17. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






18. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






19. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






20. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






21. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






22. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






23. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






24. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






25. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






26. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






27. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






28. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






29. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






30. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






31. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






32. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






33. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






34. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






35. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






36. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






37. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






38. Part of embry that are seed leaves






39. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






40. Surrounded by two layers of cells






41. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






42. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






43. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






44. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






45. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






46. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






47. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






48. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






49. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






50. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size