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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






2. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






3. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






4. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






5. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






6. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






7. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






8. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






9. Egg






10. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






11. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






12. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






13. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






14. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






15. Eggs






16. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






17. Undergoes disjunction






18. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






19. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






20. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






21. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






22. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






23. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






24. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






25. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






26. Menstrual flow






27. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






28. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






29. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






30. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






31. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






32. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






33. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






34. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






35. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






36. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






37. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






38. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






39. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






40. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






41. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






42. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






43. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






44. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






45. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






46. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






47. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






48. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






49. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






50. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants