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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably
External Fertilization
Spermatogonia
Polar Body
Zona Pellucida
2. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Female Sex Hormones
Hermaphrodites
Fission
3. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation
Regeneration
Spermatozoa
Menses
Menstrual Cycle
4. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water
Angiosperms
Spores
Interphase
Mosses
5. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere
Telophase I
Follicular phase
Ovaries
External Fertilization
6. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival
Budding
Scrotum
Spermatogenesis
Testes
7. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones
Oocytes
Metaphase I
Menstruation
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
8. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell
Interphase (Meiosis)
Chromatin
Budding
Endosperm
9. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip
Second Meiotic Division
Monocots
Bulbs
Urethra
10. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Cortical Reaction
Progesterone
11. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
Oogenesis
Chromatin
Four Parts of Interphase
12. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes
Embryo
Meiosis
Spermatids
Head of Sperm
13. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to
Corona Radiata
Spore Formation
Cambium
Meristems
14. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries
Vegetative Propagation
Corona Radiata
Follicle
Oogenesis
15. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number
Spermatozoa
Anaphase (Interphase)
Endosperm
Second Meiotic Division
16. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules
Chromatin
Menstruation
Testes
Ovaries
17. Part of embry that are seed leaves
Testosterone
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Cotyledons
Luteal Phase
18. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone
oviduct
Rhizomes
Testes
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
19. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Fission
Endosperm
Centromere
20. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides
Dicots
Ferns
Sperm Travels...
Embryo
21. Egg
Ovum
Hypocotyl
Sporophyte Generation
Filament
22. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth
Endosperm
Bulbs
Fertilization
Primary Oocytes
23. Have one cotyledon
Plant vs. Animal cells
Ovum
Anaphase I
Monocots
24. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium
Menses
Menstruation
Ovum
Estrogens
25. Have both functional male and female gonads
Metaphase (Interphase)
Synapsis
Uterus
Hermaphrodites
26. Eggs
Spermatozoa
Oocytes
Uterus
Karyokinesis
27. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation
Ovaries
Karyokinesis
Sporophyte Generation
Sexual Reproduction Requires
28. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents
Cell Division
Mature Ovum
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Cotyledons
29. A means of reproduction
Primary Oocytes
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
30. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels
Ovulation
Acrosome
Endosperm
Cervix
31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote
oviduct
Ovum
Corona Radiata
Fertilization membrane
32. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion
First Meiotic Division
Luteal Phase
Spermatogenesis
Flagellum
33. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane
Acrosomal Process
Corona Radiata
Anaphase I
Testosterone
34. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems
Runners
Plant vs. Animal cells
Testes
Spermatogenesis
35. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal
Mosses
Mitosis
Cervix
Bulbs
36. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids
Menses
Centromere
First Meiotic Division
Sexual Reproduction Requires
37. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells
Ovulation
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Cell Plate
Spore Formation
38. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses
Crossing Over
oviduct
Menstruation
Testes
39. Female gonads that produce oocytes
Budding
Vegetative Propagation
Ovaries
Acrosome
40. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction
Meristem Cells
Regeneration
Metaphase (Interphase)
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
41. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs
Monocots
Apical Meristem
Sporophyte
Gonads
42. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane
Cotyledons
Male Urethra
Cell Plate
Natural Vegatative Propagation
43. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -
Asexual Reproduction
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Primary Oocytes
Testes
44. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta
Crossing Over
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Corpus Luteum
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
45. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome
Tubers
Disjunction
Filament
Centromere
46. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -
Monocots
Plant vs. Animal cells
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Spore Formation
47. Specialized organs where gametes are produced
Gonads
Female Sex Hormones
Acrosome
Endosperm
48. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore
Secondary Oocyte
Metaphase I
Cambium
Luteal Phase
49. Cell division that follows karyokinesis
oviduct
Corona Radiata
Spermatozoa
Cytokinesis
50. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase
Male Urethra
Centromere
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Hypocotyl