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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized sex cells






2. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






3. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






4. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






5. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






6. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






7. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






8. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






9. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






10. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






11. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






12. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






13. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






14. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






15. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






16. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






17. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






18. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






19. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






20. A means of reproduction






21. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






22. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






23. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






24. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






25. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






26. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






27. Eggs






28. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






29. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






30. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






31. Split to form several bulbs






32. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






33. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






34. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






35. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






36. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






37. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






38. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






39. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






40. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






41. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






42. Have both functional male and female gonads






43. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






44. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






45. Egg






46. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






47. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






48. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






49. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






50. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta







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