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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






2. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






3. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






4. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






5. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






6. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






7. Union of gametes






8. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






9. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






10. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






11. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






12. Have one cotyledon






13. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






14. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






15. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






16. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






17. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






18. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






19. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






20. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






21. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






22. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






23. Egg






24. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






25. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






26. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






27. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






28. Female gonads that produce oocytes






29. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






30. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






31. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






32. Undergoes disjunction






33. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






34. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






35. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






36. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






37. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






38. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






39. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






40. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






41. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






42. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






43. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






44. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






45. Part of embry that are seed leaves






46. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






47. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






48. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






49. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






50. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally