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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






2. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






3. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






4. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






5. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






6. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






7. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






8. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






9. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






10. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






11. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






12. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






13. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






14. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






15. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






16. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






17. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






18. Specialized sex cells






19. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






20. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






21. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






22. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






23. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






24. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






25. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






26. Union of gametes






27. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






28. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






29. Eggs






30. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






31. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






32. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






33. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






34. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






35. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






36. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






37. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






38. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






39. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






40. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






41. Surrounded by two layers of cells






42. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






43. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






44. Menstrual flow






45. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






46. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






47. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






48. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






49. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






50. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries