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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction
Bulbs
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Vegetative Propagation
2. Undergoes disjunction
External Fertilization
Anaphase I
epicotyl
Menstrual Cycle
3. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes
Acrosomal Process
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Anther
Endosperm
4. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Single Mature Egg
Cytokinesis
Follicular phase
5. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip
Primary Oocytes
Runners
Monocots
Urethra
6. Nuclear division and followed by cell division
Karyokinesis
Sporophyte Generation
Runners
Gametes
7. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones
Metaphase I
Gonads
Gametes
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
8. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell
Hermaphrodites
Synapsis
Metaphase (Interphase)
Fertilization
9. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number
Centromere
Second Meiotic Division
Sperm Travels...
Metaphase I
10. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water
Spores
Budding
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Cell Division
11. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs
Apical Meristem
Runners
Chromatin
Fertilization membrane
12. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation
Head of Sperm
Secondary Oocyte
Anaphase I
Centromere
13. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -
Plant vs. Animal cells
Follicle
Spermatogonia
Fertilization membrane
14. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr
Cotyledons
Interphase
Flagellum
Cortical Reaction
15. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels
Ovulation
Cervix
Testosterone
Mitosis
16. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems
Metaphase I
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Fertilization membrane
Male Urethra
17. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Spore Formation
Vegetative Propagation
Spermatogenesis
18. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus
oviduct
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Meristem Cells
Anaphase I
19. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Tubers
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
Scrotum
20. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c
Dicots
Crossing Over
Follicle
oviduct
21. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase
Centromere
Internal Fertilization
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Progesterone
22. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Acrosome
Ovaries
Crossing Over
23. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear
Spermatids
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Female Sex Hormones
24. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems
Runners
epicotyl
Estrogens
Metaphase I
25. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm
Dicots
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Anaphase (Interphase)
Cell Division
26. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually
Fertilization/Conjugation
Sporophyte
Gametophyte Generation
Interphase (Meiosis)
27. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation
Cytokinesis
Flower
Menstrual Cycle
Scrotum
28. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule
Seed Coat
Partenogenesis
Corona Radiata
Vegetative Propagation
29. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)
Rhizomes
Partenogenesis
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Oocyte Cell Membrane
30. A means of reproduction
Karyokinesis
Gametes
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
Chromatin
31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote
Fertilization
Apical Meristem
Corona Radiata
Fertilization membrane
32. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents
Polar Body
Primary Spermatocytes
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Rhizomes
33. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm
Cortical Reaction
Bulbs
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Internal Fertilization
34. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament
Stamen
Telophase I
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Mosses
35. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes
Filament
Metaphase (Interphase)
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Follicular phase
36. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct
Fertilization
Secondary Spermatocytes
Immature ovum
Mitosis
37. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries
Cytokinesis
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Female Sex Hormones
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
38. Reproductive structure of angiosperms
Meristems
Flower
Ovaries
Plant vs. Animal cells
39. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle
Fertilization
Disjunction
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
40. Secretes estrogen and progesterone
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Sporophyte Generation
External Fertilization
Corpus Luteum
41. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell
Budding
Uterus
Plant vs. Animal cells
Crossing Over
42. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone
Spermatogenesis
Testes
Anaphase I
Luteal Phase
43. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum
Fertilization
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Menstrual Cycle
Oogenesis
44. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II
Acrosomal Process
Corona Radiata
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Estrogens
45. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum
Flower
Dicots
Luteal Phase
Interphase (Meiosis)
46. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction
Testosterone
Internal Fertilization
Meristem Cells
Polar Body
47. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo
Ovum
oviduct
Mature Ovum
Cell Plate
48. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Fertilization
Natural Vegatative Propagation
49. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Zona Pellucida
Metaphase Plate (Interphase)
Vaginal Canal
50. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -
Uterus
Ovum
Anaphase I
Asexual Reproduction