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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






2. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






3. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






4. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






5. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






6. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






7. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






8. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






9. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






10. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






11. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






12. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






13. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






14. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






15. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






16. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






17. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






18. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






19. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






20. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






21. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






22. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






23. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






24. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






25. Uncoiled DNA






26. Split to form several bulbs






27. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






28. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






29. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






30. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






31. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






32. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






33. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






34. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






35. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






36. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






37. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






38. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






39. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






40. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






41. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






42. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






43. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






44. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






45. Part of embry that are seed leaves






46. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






47. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






48. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






49. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






50. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes







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