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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






2. Surrounded by two layers of cells






3. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






4. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






5. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






6. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






7. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






8. Eggs






9. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






10. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






11. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






12. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






13. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






14. Have both functional male and female gonads






15. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






16. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






17. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






18. Part of embry that are seed leaves






19. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






20. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






21. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






22. Split to form several bulbs






23. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






24. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






25. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






26. A means of reproduction






27. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






28. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






29. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






30. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






31. Have one cotyledon






32. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






33. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






34. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






35. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






36. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






37. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






38. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






39. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






40. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






41. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






42. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






43. Union of gametes






44. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






45. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






46. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






47. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






48. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






49. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






50. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids