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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






2. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






3. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






4. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






5. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






6. Egg






7. Have one cotyledon






8. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






9. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






10. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






11. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






12. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






13. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






14. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






15. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






16. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






17. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






18. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






19. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






20. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






21. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






22. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






23. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






24. Have both functional male and female gonads






25. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






26. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






27. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






28. Eggs






29. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






30. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






31. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






32. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






33. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






34. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






35. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






36. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






37. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






38. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






39. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






40. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






41. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






42. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






43. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






44. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






45. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






46. Uncoiled DNA






47. Split to form several bulbs






48. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






49. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






50. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs