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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






2. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






3. Undergoes disjunction






4. Have both functional male and female gonads






5. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






6. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






7. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






8. Menstrual flow






9. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






10. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






11. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






12. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






13. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






14. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






15. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






16. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






17. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






18. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






19. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






20. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






21. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






22. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






23. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






24. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






25. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






26. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






27. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






28. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






29. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






30. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






31. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






32. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






33. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






34. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






35. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






36. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






37. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






38. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






39. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






40. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






41. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






42. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






43. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






44. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






45. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






46. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






47. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






48. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






49. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






50. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation







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