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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






2. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






3. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






4. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






5. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






6. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






7. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






8. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






9. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






10. Split to form several bulbs






11. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






12. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






13. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






14. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






15. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






16. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






17. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






18. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






19. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






20. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






21. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






22. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






23. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






24. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






25. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






26. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






27. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






28. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






29. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






30. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






31. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






32. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






33. Specialized sex cells






34. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






35. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






36. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






37. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






38. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






39. Undergoes disjunction






40. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






41. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






42. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






43. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






44. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






45. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






46. Uncoiled DNA






47. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






48. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






49. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






50. Specialized organs where gametes are produced