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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






2. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






3. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






4. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






5. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






6. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






7. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






8. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






9. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






10. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






11. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






12. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






13. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






14. Have one cotyledon






15. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






16. Menstrual flow






17. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






18. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






19. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






20. Female gonads that produce oocytes






21. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






22. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






23. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






24. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






25. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






26. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






27. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






28. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






29. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






30. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






31. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






32. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






33. Part of embry that are seed leaves






34. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






35. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






36. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






37. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






38. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






39. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






40. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






41. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






42. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






43. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






44. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






45. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






46. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






47. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






48. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






49. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






50. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere







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