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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction
Anaphase I
Centromere
Menstrual Cycle
Vegetative Propagation
2. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Tubers
Spermatogonia
Anaphase I
3. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -
Karyokinesis
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Meristem Cells
Plant vs. Animal cells
4. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes
Dicots
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
5. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles
Oocytes
Mosses
Hypocotyl
Ovaries
6. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell
Budding
Meiosis
Luteal Phase
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
7. Union of gametes
Estrogens
Male Urethra
Primary Oocytes
Fertilization/Conjugation
8. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote
Mitosis
Ovaries
Vaginal Canal
Fertilization membrane
9. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane
Asexual Reproduction
Secondary Spermatocytes
Cell Plate
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
10. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides
Embryo
Spermatozoa
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Zona Pellucida
11. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail
Spermatozoa
Centromere
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Flagellum
12. Have one cotyledon
Synapsis
Monocots
Gametes
Testes
13. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels
Testes
Rhizomes
Ovulation
First Meiotic Division
14. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems
Follicular phase
Spore Formation
Meristems
Male Urethra
15. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c
Polar Body
Crossing Over
Spermatids
Anaphase (Interphase)
16. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems
Acrosome
Four Parts of Interphase
Testes
Rhizomes
17. Reproductive structure of angiosperms
Metaphase I
Prophase I
Flower
Spermatozoa
18. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem
Secondary Oocyte
Secondary Spermatocytes
Monocots
Cambium
19. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries
epicotyl
Spermatogenesis
Female Sex Hormones
Fertilization
20. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones
Disjunction
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
Cortical Reaction
Angiosperms
21. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -
Bulbs
Asexual Reproduction
Monocots
Secondary Spermatocytes
22. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal
Budding
epicotyl
Meiosis
Cervix
23. Egg
Tetrad
Ovum
Second Meiotic Division
Sporophyte Generation
24. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth
Gametophyte Generation
Cortical Reaction
Primary Oocytes
Prophase I
25. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation
Spore Formation
First Meiotic Division
Gonads
Spermatogenesis
26. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents
Female Sex Hormones
Menstruation
Ovaries
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
27. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Gonads
Telophase I
Interphase (Meiosis)
28. Female gonads that produce oocytes
Meiosis
Chromatin
Bulbs
Ovaries
29. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells
Meiosis
Rhizomes
Cell Plate
Cellular Division (Multicellular Organisms)
30. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule
Female Sex Hormones
Seed Coat
Primary Spermatocytes
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
31. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form
Monocots
Ferns
Cell Plate
Anaphase I
32. Undergoes disjunction
Corona Radiata
Anaphase I
Gametes
Interphase
33. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes
Disjunction
Menstrual Cycle
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Metaphase (Interphase)
34. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes
Secondary Oocyte
Ovulation
Vaginal Canal
Meiosis
35. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs
Spore Formation
Apical Meristem
Centromere
Scrotum
36. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane
Estrogens
Zona Pellucida
External Fertilization
Second Meiotic Division
37. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries
Single Mature Egg
Gametophyte Generation
Disjunction
Interphase (Meiosis)
38. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate
Embryo
Ovaries
Partenogenesis
Polar Body
39. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants
Menses
Tubers
Hermaphrodites
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
40. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell
Metaphase (Interphase)
Karyokinesis
Anaphase (Interphase)
Male Urethra
41. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time
Corona Radiata
Cell Plate
Zona Pellucida
Angiosperms
42. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore
Male Urethra
Metaphase I
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Estrogens
43. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes
Secondary Spermatocytes
Four Parts of Interphase
Interphase (Meiosis)
Cortical Reaction
44. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm
Rhizomes
Fertilization membrane
Cortical Reaction
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
45. Part of embry that are seed leaves
Anaphase (Interphase)
Chromatin
Cotyledons
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
46. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome
Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Cervix
Angiosperms
Head of Sperm
47. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation
Menstrual Cycle
epicotyl
Follicle
Mosses
48. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium
Menses
Estrogens
Spermatogenesis
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
49. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to
Mature Ovum
Crossing Over
Endosperm
Corona Radiata
50. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally
oviduct
Cotyledons
Budding
Cytokinesis (Interphase)