Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






2. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






3. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






4. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






5. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






6. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






7. Surrounded by two layers of cells






8. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






9. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






10. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






11. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






12. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






13. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






14. Split to form several bulbs






15. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






16. Uncoiled DNA






17. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






18. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






19. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






20. A means of reproduction






21. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






22. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






23. Have one cotyledon






24. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






25. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






26. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






27. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






28. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






29. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






30. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






31. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






32. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






33. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






34. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






35. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






36. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






37. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






38. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






39. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






40. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






41. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






42. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






43. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






44. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






45. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






46. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






47. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






48. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






49. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






50. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs