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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






2. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






3. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






4. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






5. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






6. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






7. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






8. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






9. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






10. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






11. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






12. Part of embry that are seed leaves






13. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






14. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






15. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






16. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






17. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






18. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






19. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






20. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






21. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






22. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






23. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






24. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






25. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






26. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






27. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






28. Have one cotyledon






29. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






30. Uncoiled DNA






31. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






32. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






33. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






34. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






35. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






36. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






37. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






38. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






39. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






40. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






41. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






42. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






43. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






44. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






45. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






46. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






47. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






48. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






49. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






50. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually