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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






2. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






3. Egg






4. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






5. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






6. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






7. Split to form several bulbs






8. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






9. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






10. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






11. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






12. Have one cotyledon






13. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






14. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






15. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






16. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






17. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






18. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






19. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






20. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






21. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






22. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






23. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






24. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






25. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






26. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






27. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






28. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






29. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






30. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






32. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






33. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






34. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






35. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






36. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






37. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






38. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






39. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






40. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






41. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






42. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






43. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






44. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






45. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






46. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






47. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






48. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






49. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






50. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation