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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






2. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






3. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






4. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






5. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






6. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






7. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






8. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






9. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






10. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






11. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






12. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






13. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






14. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






15. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






16. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






17. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






18. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






19. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






20. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






21. Uncoiled DNA






22. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






23. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






24. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






25. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






26. Union of gametes






27. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






28. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






29. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






30. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






31. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






32. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






33. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






34. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






35. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






36. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






37. Split to form several bulbs






38. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






39. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






40. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






41. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






42. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






43. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






44. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






45. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






46. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






47. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






48. Eggs






49. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






50. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear