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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






2. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






3. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






4. Uncoiled DNA






5. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






6. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






7. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






8. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






9. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






10. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






11. Undergoes disjunction






12. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






13. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






14. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






15. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






16. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






17. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






18. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






19. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






20. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






21. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






22. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






23. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






24. A means of reproduction






25. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






26. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






27. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






28. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






29. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






30. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






31. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






32. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






33. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






34. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






35. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






36. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






37. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






38. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






39. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






40. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






41. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






42. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






43. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






44. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






45. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






46. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






47. Egg






48. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






49. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






50. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere