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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






2. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






3. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






4. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






5. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






6. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






7. Union of gametes






8. Have one cotyledon






9. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






10. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






11. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






12. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






13. Uncoiled DNA






14. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






15. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






16. Undergoes disjunction






17. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






18. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






19. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






20. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






21. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






22. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






23. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






24. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






25. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






26. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






27. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






28. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






29. Split to form several bulbs






30. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






31. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






32. Egg






33. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






34. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






35. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






36. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






37. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






38. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






39. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






40. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






41. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






42. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






43. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






44. Specialized sex cells






45. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






46. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






47. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






48. Eggs






49. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






50. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule







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