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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






2. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






3. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






4. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






5. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






6. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






7. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






8. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






9. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






10. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






11. Egg






12. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






13. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






14. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






15. Have both functional male and female gonads






16. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






17. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






18. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






19. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






20. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






21. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






22. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






23. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






24. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






25. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






26. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






27. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






28. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






29. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






30. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






31. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






32. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






33. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






34. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






35. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






36. Eggs






37. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






38. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






39. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






40. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






42. Union of gametes






43. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






44. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






45. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






46. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






47. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






48. A means of reproduction






49. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






50. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane







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