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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






2. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






3. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






4. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






5. Surrounded by two layers of cells






6. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






7. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






8. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






9. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






10. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






11. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






12. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






13. Specialized sex cells






14. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






15. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






16. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






17. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






18. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






19. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






20. Undergoes disjunction






21. Female gonads that produce oocytes






22. Have one cotyledon






23. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






24. Split to form several bulbs






25. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






26. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






27. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






28. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






29. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






30. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






31. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






32. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






33. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






34. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






35. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






36. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






37. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






38. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






39. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






40. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






41. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






42. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






43. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






44. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






45. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






46. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






47. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






48. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






49. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






50. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes







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