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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






2. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






3. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






4. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






5. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






6. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






7. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






8. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






9. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






10. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






11. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






12. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






13. Have one cotyledon






14. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






15. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






16. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






17. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






18. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






19. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






20. A means of reproduction






21. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






22. Have both functional male and female gonads






23. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






24. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






25. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






26. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






27. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






28. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






29. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






30. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






31. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






32. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






33. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






34. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






35. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






36. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






37. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






38. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






39. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






40. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






41. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






42. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






43. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






44. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






45. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






46. Specialized sex cells






47. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






48. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






49. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






50. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation