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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






2. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






3. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






4. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






5. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






6. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






7. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






8. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






9. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






10. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






11. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






12. Have one cotyledon






13. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






14. Menstrual flow






15. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






16. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






17. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






18. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






19. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






20. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






21. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






22. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






23. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






24. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






25. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






26. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






27. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






28. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






29. Have both functional male and female gonads






30. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






31. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






32. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






33. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






34. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






35. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






36. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






37. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






38. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






39. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






40. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






41. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






42. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






43. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






44. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






45. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






46. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






47. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






48. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






49. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






50. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation