Test your basic knowledge |

PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






2. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






3. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






4. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






5. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






6. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






7. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






8. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






9. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






10. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






11. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






12. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






13. Eggs






14. Undergoes disjunction






15. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






16. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






17. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






18. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






19. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






20. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






21. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






22. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






23. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






24. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






25. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






26. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






27. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






28. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






29. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






30. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






31. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






32. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






33. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






34. Specialized sex cells






35. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






36. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






37. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






38. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






39. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






40. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






41. Split to form several bulbs






42. Have one cotyledon






43. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






44. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






45. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






46. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






47. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






48. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






49. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






50. Surrounded by two layers of cells