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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






2. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






3. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






4. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






5. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






6. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






7. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






8. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






9. Eggs






10. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






11. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






12. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






13. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






14. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






15. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






16. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






17. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






18. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






19. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






20. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






21. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






22. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






23. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






24. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






25. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






26. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






27. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






28. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






29. Uncoiled DNA






30. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






31. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






32. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






33. Egg






34. Undergoes disjunction






35. Have both functional male and female gonads






36. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






37. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






38. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






39. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






40. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






41. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






42. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






43. A means of reproduction






44. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






45. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






46. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






47. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






48. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






49. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






50. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II