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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






2. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






3. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






4. Menstrual flow






5. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






6. A means of reproduction






7. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






8. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






9. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






10. Eggs






11. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






12. Surrounded by two layers of cells






13. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






14. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






15. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






16. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






17. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






18. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






19. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






20. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






21. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






22. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






23. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






24. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






25. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






26. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






27. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






28. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






29. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






30. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






31. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






32. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






33. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






34. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






35. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






36. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






37. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






38. Uncoiled DNA






39. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






40. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






41. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






42. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






43. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






44. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






45. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






46. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






47. Female gonads that produce oocytes






48. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






49. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






50. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules