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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






2. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






3. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






4. Part of embry that are seed leaves






5. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






6. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






7. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






8. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






9. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






10. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






11. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






12. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






13. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






14. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






15. Surrounded by two layers of cells






16. Specialized sex cells






17. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






18. Eggs






19. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






20. Split to form several bulbs






21. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






22. Undergoes disjunction






23. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






24. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






25. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






26. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






27. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






28. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






29. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






30. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






31. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






32. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






33. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






34. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






35. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






36. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






37. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






38. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






39. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






40. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






41. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






42. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






43. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






44. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






45. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






46. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






47. Have both functional male and female gonads






48. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






49. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






50. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes