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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






2. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






3. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






4. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






5. Uncoiled DNA






6. Surrounded by two layers of cells






7. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






8. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






9. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






10. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






11. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






12. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






13. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






14. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






15. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






16. Part of embry that are seed leaves






17. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






18. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






19. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






20. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






21. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






22. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






23. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






24. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






25. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






26. Eggs






27. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






28. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






29. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






30. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






31. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






32. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






33. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






34. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






35. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






36. Menstrual flow






37. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






38. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






39. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






40. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






41. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






42. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






43. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






44. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






45. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






46. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






47. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






48. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






49. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






50. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules