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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






2. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






3. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






4. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






5. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






6. Have one cotyledon






7. A means of reproduction






8. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






9. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






10. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






11. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






12. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






13. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






14. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






15. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






16. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






17. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






18. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






19. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






20. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






21. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






22. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






23. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






24. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






25. Have both functional male and female gonads






26. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






27. Menstrual flow






28. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






29. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






30. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






31. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






32. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






33. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






34. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






35. Part of embry that are seed leaves






36. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






37. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






38. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






39. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






40. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






41. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






42. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






43. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






44. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






45. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






46. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






47. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






48. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






49. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






50. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone