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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






2. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






3. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






4. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






5. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






6. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






7. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






8. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






9. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






10. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






11. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






12. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






13. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






14. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






15. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






16. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






17. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






18. Egg






19. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






20. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






21. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






22. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






23. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






24. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






25. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






26. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






27. Female gonads that produce oocytes






28. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






29. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






30. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






31. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






32. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






33. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






34. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






35. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






36. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






37. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






38. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






39. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






40. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






41. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






42. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






43. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






44. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






45. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






46. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






47. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






48. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






49. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






50. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II