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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surrounded by two layers of cells






2. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






3. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






4. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






5. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






6. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






7. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






8. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






9. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






10. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






11. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






12. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






13. A means of reproduction






14. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






15. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






16. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






17. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






18. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






19. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






20. Female gonads that produce oocytes






21. Have one cotyledon






22. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






23. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






24. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






25. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






26. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






27. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






28. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






29. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






30. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






31. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






32. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






33. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






34. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






35. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






36. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






37. Specialized sex cells






38. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






39. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






40. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






41. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






42. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






43. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






44. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






45. Egg






46. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






47. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






48. Uncoiled DNA






49. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






50. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation







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