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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Uncoiled DNA






2. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






3. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






4. Specialized sex cells






5. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






6. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






7. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






8. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






9. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






10. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






11. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






12. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






13. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






14. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






15. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






16. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






17. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






18. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






19. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






20. Female gonads that produce oocytes






21. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






22. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






23. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






24. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






25. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






26. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






27. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






28. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






29. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






30. Split to form several bulbs






31. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






32. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






33. A means of reproduction






34. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






35. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






36. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






37. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






38. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






39. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






40. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






41. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






42. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






43. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






44. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






45. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






46. Menstrual flow






47. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






48. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






49. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






50. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium