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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






2. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






3. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






4. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






5. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






6. Have one cotyledon






7. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






8. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






9. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






10. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






11. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






12. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






13. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






14. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






15. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






16. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






17. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






18. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






19. Specialized sex cells






20. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






21. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






22. Undergoes disjunction






23. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






24. A means of reproduction






25. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






26. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






27. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






28. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






29. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






30. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






31. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






32. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






33. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






34. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






35. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






36. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






37. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






38. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






39. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






40. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






41. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






42. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






43. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






44. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






45. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






46. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






47. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






48. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






49. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






50. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants