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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






2. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






3. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






4. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






5. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






6. Split to form several bulbs






7. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






8. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






9. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






10. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






11. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






12. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






13. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






14. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






15. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






16. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






17. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






18. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






19. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






20. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






21. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






22. Have both functional male and female gonads






23. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






24. Undergoes disjunction






25. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






26. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






27. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






28. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






29. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






30. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






31. Have one cotyledon






32. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






33. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






34. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






35. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






36. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






37. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






38. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






39. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






40. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






41. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






42. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






43. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






44. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






45. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






46. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






47. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






48. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






49. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






50. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal