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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






2. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






3. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






4. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






5. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






6. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






7. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






8. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






9. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






10. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






11. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






12. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






13. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






14. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






15. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






16. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






17. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






18. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






19. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






20. Egg






21. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






22. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






23. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






24. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






25. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






26. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






27. Uncoiled DNA






28. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






29. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






30. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






31. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






32. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






33. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






34. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






35. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






36. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






37. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






38. AKA stolon -woody - underground stems -can develop new upright stems






39. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






40. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






41. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






42. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






43. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






44. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






45. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






46. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






47. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






48. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






49. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






50. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes