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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






2. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






3. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






4. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






5. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






6. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






7. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






8. Surrounded by two layers of cells






9. Have one cotyledon






10. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






11. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






12. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






13. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






14. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






15. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






16. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






17. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






18. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






19. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






20. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






21. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






22. Menstrual flow






23. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






24. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






25. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






26. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






27. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






28. Egg






29. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






30. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






31. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






32. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






33. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






34. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






35. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






36. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






37. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






38. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






39. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






40. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






41. A means of reproduction






42. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






43. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






44. Eggs






45. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






46. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






47. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






48. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






49. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






50. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere