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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






2. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






3. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






4. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






5. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






6. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






7. Eggs






8. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






9. A means of reproduction






10. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






11. Specialized sex cells






12. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






13. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






14. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






15. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






16. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






17. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






18. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






19. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






20. Union of gametes






21. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






22. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






23. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






24. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






25. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






26. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






27. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






28. Uncoiled DNA






29. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






30. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






31. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






32. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






33. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






34. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






35. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






36. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






37. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






38. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






39. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






40. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






42. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






43. Surrounded by two layers of cells






44. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






45. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






46. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






47. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






48. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






49. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






50. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe