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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






2. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






3. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






4. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






5. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






6. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






7. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






8. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






9. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






10. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






11. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






12. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






13. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






14. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






15. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






16. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






17. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






18. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






19. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






20. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






21. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






22. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






23. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






24. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






25. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






26. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






27. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






28. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






29. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






30. Have one cotyledon






31. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






32. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






33. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






34. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






35. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






36. Uncoiled DNA






37. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






38. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






39. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






40. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






41. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






42. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






43. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






44. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






45. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






46. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






47. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






48. Female gonads that produce oocytes






49. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






50. Surrounded by two layers of cells