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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






2. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






3. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






4. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






5. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






6. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






7. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






8. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






9. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






10. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






11. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






12. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






13. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






14. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






15. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






16. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






17. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






18. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






19. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






20. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






21. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






22. Egg






23. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






24. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






25. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






26. Central region where - after replication - the chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids held together in interphase






27. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






28. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






29. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






30. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






31. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






32. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






33. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






34. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






35. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






36. Surrounded by two layers of cells






37. Cell division that follows karyokinesis






38. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






39. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






40. Eggs






41. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






42. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






43. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






44. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






45. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






46. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






47. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






48. Have both functional male and female gonads






49. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






50. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c