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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






2. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






3. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






4. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






5. Specialized sex cells






6. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






7. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






8. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






9. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






10. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






11. Have one cotyledon






12. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






13. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






14. Menstrual flow






15. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






16. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






17. Uncoiled DNA






18. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






19. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






20. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






21. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






22. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






23. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






24. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






25. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






26. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






27. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






28. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






29. Diploid cells of spermatogonia






30. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






31. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






32. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






33. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






34. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






35. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






36. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






37. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids






38. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






39. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






40. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






41. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






42. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






43. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






44. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






45. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






46. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






47. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






48. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






49. Have both functional male and female gonads






50. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains