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Test your basic knowledge |
PCAT Biology Reproduction
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
pcat
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Acrosomal Process
2. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes
Cortical Reaction
Mitosis
Menstruation
Secondary Spermatocytes
3. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo
Oocyte Cell Membrane
Vegetative Propagation
Mature Ovum
Hermaphrodites
4. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries
Dizygotic (Fraternal) Twins
Monocots
Cotyledons
Single Mature Egg
5. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes
External Fertilization
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Cervix
Crossing Over
6. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c
Crossing Over
Ovum
Sporophyte Generation
Cellular Division (Unicellular Organisms)
7. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles
Vegetative Propagation
Scrotum
Ovaries
Spermatogenesis
8. Produces two intermediate daughter cells with N chromosomes with sister chromatids
Meiosis
Male Urethra
First Meiotic Division
Runners
9. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably
Meristems
External Fertilization
Vegetative Propagation
Synapsis
10. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Anaphase (Interphase)
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Prophase (Interphase)
11. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains
Plant vs. Animal cells
Cambium
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
Anther
12. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are
Fission
Metaphase I
Menses
Anaphase (Interphase)
13. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses
Tubers
Menstruation
Plant vs. Animal cells
Rhizomes
14. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum
Tubers
Cortical Reaction
Natural Vegatative Propagation
Acrosome
15. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number
Testosterone
Chromatin
Second Meiotic Division
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
16. Union of gametes
Runners
Centromere
Fertilization/Conjugation
Zona Pellucida
17. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation
Ovaries
Polar Body
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Secondary Oocyte
18. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr
Interphase
Corona Radiata
Embryo
Telophase (Interphase)
19. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids
Secondary Oocyte
Meristems
Primary Spermatocytes
Tetrad
20. Egg
Spore Formation
Gonads
Primary Oocytes
Ovum
21. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium
Corona Radiata
Scrotum
Estrogens
Vaginal Canal
22. Eggs
Oocytes
Spermatogenesis
Menses
Zona Pellucida
23. Diploid cells of spermatogonia
Embryo
Endosperm
Primary Spermatocytes
Spore Formation
24. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Cortical Reaction
Sporophyte Generation
Mature sperm
25. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation
Menstrual Cycle
Oocytes
Spore Formation
Budding
26. Have both functional male and female gonads
Runners
Karyokinesis
Hermaphrodites
Testosterone
27. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes
Fertilization
Corpus Luteum
Mosses
Tetrad
28. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction
Scrotum
Fertilization
Synapsis
Meristem Cells
29. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles
Primary Spermatocytes
Oogenesis
Zona Pellucida
Interphase (Meiosis)
30. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Sexual Reproduction Requires
Vegetative Propagation
Second Meiotic Division
31. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate
Fertilization/Conjugation
Telophase (Interphase)
Menstrual Cycle
Polar Body
32. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule
Meiosis
Ovaries
Cytokinesis
Seed Coat
33. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids
Hermaphrodites
Interphase (Meiosis)
Corpus Luteum
Luteal Phase
34. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem
Hermaphrodites
Vaginal Canal
Cambium
Monozygotic (identical) Twins
35. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip
Meisosis vs. Mitosis
Fission
Urethra
Oocyte Cell Membrane
36. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism
Interphase (Meiosis)
Partenogenesis
Progesterone
Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms
37. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body
Follicular phase
Oogenesis
Mature sperm
Secondary Oocyte
38. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves
Male Urethra
Budding
Anaphase I
epicotyl
39. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
Spermatozoa
Sperm Travels...
Fertilization
40. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion
Cortical Reaction
Cytokinesis (Interphase)
Cambium
Flagellum
41. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides
Ovulation
Embryo
Male Urethra
Spermatogenesis
42. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo
Fission
Fertilization/Conjugation
Endosperm
Single Mature Egg
43. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation
Sporophyte Generation
Regeneration
Testosterone
Mosses
44. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen
Mosses
Vaginal Canal
Second Meiotic Division
Follicular phase
45. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome
Cervix
Ovaries
Asexual Reproduction
Disjunction
46. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane
Cell Plate
Meristem Cells
Oocytes
Spore Formation
47. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs
First Meiotic Division
Apical Meristem
Cortical Reaction
Budding
48. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes
Sporophyte
Flower
Sexual Reproductive Mechanisms
Mature sperm
49. Surrounded by two layers of cells
Tubers
Centromere
Follicular phase
Oocyte Cell Membrane
50. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re
Fertilization
Oogenesis
Telophase (Interphase)
Runners