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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






2. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






3. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






4. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






5. A means of reproduction






6. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






7. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






8. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






9. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






10. Female gonads that produce oocytes






11. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






12. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






13. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






14. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






15. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






16. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






17. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






18. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






19. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






20. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






21. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






22. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






23. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






24. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






25. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






26. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






27. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






28. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






29. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






30. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






31. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






32. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






33. Union of gametes






34. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






35. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






36. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






37. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






38. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






39. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






40. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






41. Undergoes disjunction






42. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






43. Egg






44. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






45. Have one cotyledon






46. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






47. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






48. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






49. Have both functional male and female gonads






50. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear