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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






2. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






3. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






4. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






5. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






6. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






7. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






8. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






9. Part of embry that are seed leaves






10. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






11. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






12. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






13. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






14. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






15. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






16. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






17. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






18. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






19. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






20. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






21. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






22. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






23. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






24. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






25. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






26. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






27. Split to form several bulbs






28. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






29. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






30. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






31. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






32. Have one cotyledon






33. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






34. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






35. Female gonads that produce oocytes






36. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






37. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






38. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






39. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






40. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






41. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






42. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






43. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






44. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






45. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






46. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






47. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






48. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






49. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






50. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation