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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specialized sex cells






2. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






3. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






4. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






5. Undergoes disjunction






6. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






7. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






8. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






9. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






10. Female gonads that produce oocytes






11. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






12. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






13. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






14. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






15. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






16. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






17. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






18. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






19. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






20. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






21. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






22. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






23. Part of embry that are seed leaves






24. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






25. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






26. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






27. Menstrual flow






28. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






29. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






30. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






31. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






32. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






33. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






34. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






35. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






36. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






37. Split to form several bulbs






38. Have one cotyledon






39. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






40. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






41. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






42. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






43. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






44. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






45. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






46. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






47. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






48. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






49. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






50. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta