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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Have one cotyledon






2. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






3. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






4. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






5. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






6. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






7. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






8. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






9. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






10. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






11. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






12. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






13. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






14. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






15. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






16. Undergoes disjunction






17. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






18. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






19. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






20. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






21. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






22. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






23. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






24. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






25. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






26. Specialized sex cells






27. Thin and stalk like with a terminal sac called the anther






28. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






29. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






30. Have both functional male and female gonads






31. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






32. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






33. Female gonads that produce oocytes






34. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






35. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






36. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






37. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






38. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






39. Surrounded by two layers of cells






40. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






41. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






42. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






43. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






44. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






45. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






46. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






47. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






48. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






49. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






50. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction