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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






2. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






3. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






4. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






5. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






6. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






7. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






8. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






9. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






10. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






11. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






12. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






13. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






14. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






15. Union of gametes






16. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






17. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






18. Uncoiled DNA






19. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






20. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






21. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






22. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






23. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






24. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






25. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






26. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






27. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






28. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






29. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






30. Specialized cells with hard coverings that prevent loss of water






31. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






32. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






33. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






34. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






35. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






36. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






37. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






38. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






39. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






40. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






41. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






42. Surrounded by two layers of cells






43. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






44. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






45. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






46. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






47. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






48. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






49. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






50. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen