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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






2. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






3. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






4. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






5. Eggs






6. Undergoes disjunction






7. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






8. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






9. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






10. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






11. A means of reproduction






12. Begins with the cessation of the menstrual flow from the previous cycle -FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) from the anterior pituitary promotes the development of the follicle - which grows and begins secreting estrogen






13. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






14. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






15. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






16. The production of female gametes -occurs in the ovarian follicles






17. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






18. Have one cotyledon






19. Pass from the testes through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct and then to the urethra






20. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






21. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






22. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






23. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






24. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






25. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






26. Nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus -at this point - each chromosome still consists of sister chromatids joined at the centromere






27. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






28. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






29. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






30. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






31. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






32. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






33. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






34. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






35. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






36. Have both functional male and female gonads






37. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






38. Split to form several bulbs






39. Reproductive structure of angiosperms






40. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






41. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






42. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






43. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






44. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






45. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






46. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






47. Female gonads that produce oocytes






48. Menstrual flow






49. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






50. Specialized sex cells