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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A tubelike structure formed by the sperm once in contact with the membrane -extends to the cell membrane and penetrates it - fusing the sperm cell membrane with that of the ovum -Sperm nucleus now enters the ovum's cytoplasm to complete Meiosis II






2. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






3. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






4. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






5. Produced when each meiotic division -rapidly degenerate






6. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






7. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






8. Consists almost entirely of the nucleus - which contains the paternal genome






9. Simple form of asexual reproduction seen in prokaryotic organisms -DNA replicates and a new plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward along the midline of the cell - dividing it into two equally size cells with equal maounts of cytoplasm - each conta






10. Undergoes disjunction






11. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






12. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






13. Menstrual flow






14. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






15. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






16. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion






17. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






18. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






19. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






20. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size






21. Sporophyte generation is the dominant - familiar form






22. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






23. External pouch that maintains the testes' temperature at 2C-4C lower than body tmperature - a condition essential for sperm survival






24. Can be fertilized during the 12-24hr after ovulation -occurs in the lateral - widest portion of the fallopian tube -sperm must travel through the vaginal canal - cervix - uterus - and into the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum






25. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






26. Male gonads - produce sperm in the tightly coiled seminiferous tubules






27. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






28. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






29. Female gonads that produce oocytes






30. Split to form several bulbs






31. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






32. Ex: estrogens and progesterone -synthesized by ovaries






33. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






34. Caplike structure - derived from the Golgi apparatus - develops over the anterior half of the head -contains enzymes needed to penetrate the tough outer covering of the ovum






35. AKA lateral meristem -located between the xylem and phloem






36. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






37. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






38. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






39. Surrounded by two layers of cells






40. AKA ovanan or fallopian tube -opens into the upper end of the uterus






41. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






42. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






43. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






44. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






45. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






46. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






47. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






48. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






49. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






50. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell







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