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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Production of offspring without fertilization -form new organisms by a single parent cell -offspring are genetic carbon copies of their parent cells -genetically identical to the parent cells (except mutations) -ex: fission - budding - regeneration -






2. Passes through the penis and opens to the outside at its tip






3. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






4. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






5. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






6. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






7. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






8. Multilayered sac of cells that contains - nourishes - and protects an immature ovum -produce estrogen






9. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






10. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






11. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






12. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






13. 1) G1: Initiates interphase. is described as the active growth phase and can vary in length. the cell increases in size and synthesizes proteins. the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cell cycle 2) S: the period of DNA synthe






14. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






15. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






16. Expanding partition that grows outward from the interior of the cell until it reaches the cell membrane






17. Large cell containing most of the cytoplasm - RNA - organelles - and nutrients needed by a developing embryo






18. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






19. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






20. Hormonal secretions of the ovaries - the hypothalamus - and the anterior pituitary play important roles in the female reproductive cycle -divided into the follicular phase - ovulation - the luteal phase - and menstruation






21. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






22. Chromosomes condense - and the centriole pairs (in animals) separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. the spindle apparatus forms between them - and the nuclear membrane dissolves - allowing the spindle fibers to interact with the chr






23. Daughter cells of unequal size produced from one primary oocyte per month completes meiosis I -expelled from the follicle during ovulation






24. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






25. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






26. Mass of cells formed when the zygote divides






27. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






28. Bulbs - tubers - runners - rhizomes






29. Part of embryo that is the precursor of the upper stem and leaves






30. Union of gametes






31. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






32. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






33. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






34. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






35. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






36. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






37. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






38. Result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm






39. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






40. Part of embryo that develops into the lower and root






41. Lower - narrow end of the uterus -connects with the vaginal canal






42. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






43. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






44. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






45. AKA sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






46. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






47. Cut piece of stem can develop new roots in water or moist gorund - which can be used to accelerate root formation -layering: stems of certain plants - will take root when bent to the gorund and covered with soil -stem of one plant (scion) can be atta






48. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






49. Found in the tips of roots and stems where growth in length occurs






50. Tail of sperm -propels the sperm - whereas mitochondria in the neck and body provide energy the locomotion