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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






2. Spore formation - vegetative propagation - and Artificial Vegetative Propagation






3. Found in the abdominal cavity - below the digestive system -consist of thousands of follicles






4. The production of female gametes - occurs in the ovaries






5. Meristems provide a source of cells that can develop into an adult plant -can occur naturally or through human intervention -advantagous because it introduces no genetic variation and is a rapid form of reproduction






6. Common passageway for both the reproductive and exretory systems






7. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






8. Union of the egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote with a diploid number of chromosomes






9. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






10. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






11. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






12. (In Prophase I) each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids - each synaptic pair of homologous chromosomes containing four chromatids






13. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






14. The development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism






15. (In Anaphase I) homologous pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell -accounts for a fundamental Mendelian Law -each chromosome of paternal origin separates (or disjoins) from its homologue of maternal origin - and either chromosome






16. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






17. Gametophyte is the dominant generation -smaller - short lived organism that depends on the gametophyte for energy and nutrients - sporophytes grow on top of the gametophytes and produce spores that develop into gametophytes






18. Eggs






19. Division and distribution of the cell's DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of the original genome






20. Fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid at the centromere to align the chromosomes at the center of the cell (equator)






21. Occurs in vertebrates that reproduce in water (fish and amphibians) -female lays eggs in water and male deposits sperm in the vicinity -lack of direct passage of sperm from male to female reduces chances of fertilization considerably






22. Method of growth - development - and replacement of worn-out cells






23. Centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell






24. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






25. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






26. Very similar to mitosis - except that meiosis II is not preceded by chromosomal replication -chromosomes align at the equator - separate and move to opposite poles - and are surrounded by a reformed nuclear membrane -new cells have the haploid number






27. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






28. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






29. Muscular chamber which is the site of fetal development






30. Four haploid cells produced from the second meiotic division after secondary spermatocytes






31. Sperm production -occurs in the seminiferous tubules






32. When a diploid sporophyte generation produces ahaploid (monoploid) spore by meiosis - spores divide by mitosis to produce the haploid - or gametophyte - generation






33. Have two cotyledons that absorb the endosperm






34. Located on scrotum -site for testosterone






35. Steroid hormones necessary for normal female maturation -stimulate the development of the female reproductive tract and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics and sex drive -responsible for the thickening of the endometrium






36. Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centromere - thus allowing sister chromatids to separate. The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Spindle fibers are






37. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






38. Immature ova -all that a female will produce during her lifetime are already in her ovaries at birth






39. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes - the spindle apparatus forms - and the nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear






40. Produces monoploid spores that develop into pollen grains






41. Comlex process involving the formation and fertilization of gametes and regulation of these processes by bot parents






42. Some species of plants have flowers that contain only stamens and other flowers that contain only pistils






43. Secretes estrogen and progesterone






44. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






45. Specialized organs where gametes are produced






46. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






47. Surrounded by two layers of cells






48. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes






49. Production of functional sex cells by adult organisms -fertilization forms a zygote -development of the zygote into another adult - completing the cycle






50. Diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce four haploid sperm of equal size