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PCAT Biology Reproduction

Subjects : pcat, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process by which a cell doubles its organelles and cytoplasm - replicates its DNA - and then divides into two






2. Produced in developing placenta if fertilization occurs - maintaining the corpus luteum and - thus - the supply of estrogen and progesterone that maintains the uterus - until the placenta takes over production of these hormones






3. If the ovum isn't fertilized - the corpus luteum atrophies - the resulting drop in progesterone and estrogen levels causes the endometrium (with its superficial blood vessels) to slough off - giving rise to menses






4. Produced when one diploid primary female sex cell undergoes meiosis in the ovaries






5. Result when a single zygote splits into two embryos






6. Released from the ovary into the abdominal cavity and drawn into the nearby oviduct






7. Two haploid cells yielded from meiotic division of primary spermatocytes






8. Outer layer of oocyte cell membrane






9. The male organ of the flower and consists of a thin - stalk-like filament






10. Regulates secondary male sex characteristics including facial and pubic hair and voice changes






11. Part of embryo that develops from the outer covering of the ovule






12. Part of embryo that grows and feeds the embryo






13. Plant cells lack centrioles -spindle apparatus is synthesized by mcrotubule organizing centers that are not visible -cytokinesis in animal cells proceeds through production of a cleavage furrow -Plant cells are rigid and can't form cleavage furrows -






14. First barrier that the sperm must penetrate -enzymes secreted by the sperm aid in penetration of the corona radiata -arosome is responsible for penetrating the zona pellucida; it releases enzymes that digest this layer - thereby allowing the sperm to






15. After ovulation - LH induces the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum






16. As in mitosis - the parent cell's chromosomes are replicated in the 2N number of sister chromatids






17. Contains elongated cell with head - tail - neck - and body






18. Union of gametes






19. Underground stems with bubs - like the eyes of potatoes - that can develop into adult plants






20. Egg






21. Regrowth of a lost or injured body part






22. Formed due to cortical reaction -hard layer that surrounds the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations -Followed by the fusion of sperm nucleus and form a diploid zygote






23. The process by which gametes are produced -involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes






24. Plants exhibit alternation of generation in which a diploid generation is succeeded by a haploid generation -diploid saprophyte generation produces haploid spores - which develop into the haploid saprophyte generation






25. Inner layer of oocyte cell membrane






26. The embryonic undifferentiated cells that growth in higher plants are restricted to -undergo active cell reproduction






27. Triggered by acrosomal reaction causing calcium ions to be released into the cytoplasm






28. Similar to mitosis in that a cell duplicates its chromosomes before undergoing the process -whereas mitosis preserves the diploid number of the cell - meiosis produces the haploid (1N) number - having the number of chromosomes






29. Stems running above and along the gorund - extending form the main stem -can produce new roots and upright stems






30. Near the end of telophase - the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells - each wit a complete nucleus and its own set of organelles -In animal cells - a cleavage furrow forms - and the cell membrane indents along the equator of the cell and finally






31. Surrounded by two layers of cells






32. Cell undergoes a period of growth and replication of genetic material before the initiation of mitosis -cell spends at least 90% of life in interphase -each chromosome is replicated so that during division - a complete copy of the genome can be distr






33. Causes the glands of the endometrium to mature and produce secretions that prepare it for the implantation of an embryo -essential for the maintenance of the endometrium






34. Produced after meioisis from spermatids that undergo a series of changes -AKA mature sperm -specialized for transporting the sperm nucleus to the ovum -elongated cell with a head - neck - body - and tail






35. Occurs midway through the cycle -a mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum -caused by a surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) that is preceded - and in part caused - by a peak in estrogen levels






36. The spindle apparatus disappears. A nuclear membrane forms around each set of newly formed chromosomes. Thus - each nucleus contains the same number of chromosomes (the diploid number 2n) as the original or parent nucleus. The chromosomes uncoil - re






37. (In Prophase I) process where homologous chromosomes (chromosomes that code for the same traits - one inherited form each parent) come together and intertwine






38. (In Prophase I) chromatids of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding points and exchange equivalent pieces of DNA -occurs between homologous chromosomes and not between sister chromatids of the same chromosomes (the latter are identical - so c






39. Nuclear division and followed by cell division






40. The site of sperm deposition during intercourse and is also the passageway through which a baby is expelled during childbirth






41. Haploid gametophyte gneration produces gametes by mitosis -gametophytes reproduce sexually - whereas the sporophyte gneration reproduces asexually






42. Practiced by terrestrial vertebrates and provides a direct route for sperm to reach the egg cell -increased chance for fertilization success and females produce fewer eggs






43. Flowering plants consisting of a few cells that exist for a very short time






44. Homologous pairs (tetrads) align at the equatorial plane - and each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore






45. Eggs






46. Releases spores form the undersides of its leaves that develop into small heart-shaped gametophytes






47. Undifferentiated tissues in plants






48. Have both functional male and female gonads






49. Replication of the nucleus followed by unequal cytokinesis -membrane pinches inward to forma new cell that is smaller in size but genetically identical to the parent cell






50. Differs from asexual reproduction in that there are two parents involved and the end result is a geneticaly unique offspring -fusion of two gametes