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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

2. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

3. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Neonatal seizures
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Measles

4. What is Fifth disease?

5. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Hearing loss
Herpes

6. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

7. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Cataracts
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

8. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Neonatal seizures
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

9. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
White pearls on hard palate
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

10. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Herpes

11. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
White pearls on hard palate
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

12. What is the cause of large babies?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
DM twin - twin transfusions
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

13. What is Mumps?

14. What is Cephalohematoma?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

15. What is Sixth disease?
85-100
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Hearing loss

16. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

17. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

18. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
German measles

19. What are wide sutures due to?

20. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Cataracts
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

21. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Cataracts
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

22. What is Otitis Media?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

23. What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

24. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Cataracts
German measles

25. What is Zellweger's?
85-100
Neonatal seizures
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

26. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
German measles
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
DM twin - twin transfusions
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

27. What are the newborn screening tests?

28. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Retinoblastoma
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

29. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

30. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
DM twin - twin transfusions

31. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Neonatal seizures

32. What is Gastroschisis?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
White pearls on hard palate

33. What is Nevus Flammeus?

34. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

35. What causes a Cleft lip?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
85-100
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

36. What is Oligohydramnios?

37. What is Milia?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

38. What is a Neuroblastoma?
85-100
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

39. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
DM twin - twin transfusions

40. What is Rubella also known as?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
German measles
85-100

41. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

42. What are Mongolian spots?
Cataracts
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

43. What is an average IQ?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
85-100
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

44. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Retinoblastoma
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

45. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Retinoblastoma
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

46. What is Rubeola also known as?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Measles
85-100
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

47. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

48. What is a Nephroblastoma?

49. What is Polyhydramnios?

50. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo