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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Sixth disease?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Measles
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

2. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

3. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

4. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

5. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
White pearls on hard palate
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

6. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Cataracts
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

7. What are Mongolian spots?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

8. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

9. What is Milia?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Neonatal seizures
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

10. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Cataracts
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

11. What is Oligohydramnios?

12. What is Nevus Flammeus?

13. What is Polyhydramnios?

14. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

15. What is Rubeola also known as?
Retinoblastoma
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Measles
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

16. What is Cephalohematoma?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

17. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Retinoblastoma
White pearls on hard palate
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

18. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

19. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

20. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Neonatal seizures
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

21. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

22. What causes a Cleft lip?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

23. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
German measles
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

24. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

25. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

26. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

27. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

28. What is the cause of large babies?
Neonatal seizures
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
DM twin - twin transfusions

29. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

30. What is Mumps?

31. What is Zellweger's?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Neonatal seizures
85-100
DM twin - twin transfusions

32. What are Hemangiomas?
85-100
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

33. What is Otitis Media?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

34. What is a Nephroblastoma?

35. What are the signs of child abuse?
Hearing loss
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

36. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

37. What is the APGAR test?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

38. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

39. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Cataracts
85-100
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

40. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

41. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

42. What are wide sutures due to?

43. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Retinoblastoma
Herpes
Measles
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

44. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

45. What is Fifth disease?

46. What are the newborn screening tests?

47. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Herpes
Neonatal seizures
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

48. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
DM twin - twin transfusions

49. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

50. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition