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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
85-100
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

2. What is Rubeola also known as?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

3. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Neonatal seizures
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

4. What is the APGAR test?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

5. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Cataracts
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

6. What are Hemangiomas?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

7. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

8. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

9. What causes a Cleft lip?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

10. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Herpes
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

11. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

12. What are the newborn screening tests?

13. What is Polyhydramnios?

14. What is Fifth disease?

15. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Retinoblastoma
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
White pearls on hard palate

16. What is VATER syndrome?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

17. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Neonatal seizures
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

18. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

19. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

20. What is Mumps?

21. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Herpes
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

22. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

23. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

24. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

25. What are wide sutures due to?

26. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Hearing loss
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

27. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Neonatal seizures
Cataracts

28. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Retinoblastoma
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

29. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
85-100

30. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Neonatal seizures
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Measles

31. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Cataracts
Hearing loss
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

32. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Measles
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

33. What is the cause of large babies?
German measles
Herpes
DM twin - twin transfusions
Neonatal seizures

34. What is Oligohydramnios?

35. What are Mongolian spots?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Hearing loss

36. What is Rubella also known as?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
German measles

37. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

38. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Retinoblastoma
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

39. What is Milia?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

40. What is an average IQ?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
85-100
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

41. What is Cephalohematoma?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Neonatal seizures
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

42. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
Hearing loss

43. What is Sixth disease?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

44. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

45. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

46. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

47. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

48. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

49. What is Nevus Flammeus?

50. What is Zellweger's?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Neonatal seizures