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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Neonatal seizures
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

2. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

3. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Neonatal seizures
Herpes

4. What is a Nephroblastoma?

5. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

6. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Measles

7. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
White pearls on hard palate
85-100

8. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

9. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Hearing loss
Retinoblastoma

10. What causes a Cleft lip?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

11. What are wide sutures due to?

12. What is Polyhydramnios?

13. What are Mongolian spots?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

14. What is Otitis Media?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

15. What is Oligohydramnios?

16. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

17. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Hearing loss
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

18. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
85-100
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

19. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

20. What is VATER syndrome?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

21. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

22. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

23. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

24. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

25. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

26. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

27. What are the newborn screening tests?

28. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
German measles
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

29. What is Cephalohematoma?
85-100
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

30. What are Hemangiomas?
Retinoblastoma
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

31. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

32. What is Mumps?

33. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Neonatal seizures
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
85-100
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

34. What is the cause of large babies?
White pearls on hard palate
Cataracts
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
DM twin - twin transfusions

35. What is Sixth disease?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

36. What is Rubeola also known as?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Neonatal seizures
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Measles

37. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

38. What is Milia?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

39. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

40. What is Nevus Flammeus?

41. What is Fifth disease?

42. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Hearing loss
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

43. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Measles

44. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

45. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Cataracts
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Herpes
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

46. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Cataracts
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

47. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Retinoblastoma

48. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Hearing loss
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

49. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

50. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
85-100
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots