Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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2. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Herpes
Hearing loss
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


3. What is Otitis Media?
Neonatal seizures
Cataracts
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


4. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


5. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head


6. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Measles
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


7. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!


8. What is Milia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


9. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


10. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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11. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


12. What is Sixth disease?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


13. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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14. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Cataracts
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


15. What are the newborn screening tests?

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16. What is Fifth disease?

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17. What is Zellweger's?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Neonatal seizures
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


18. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
DM twin - twin transfusions
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma


19. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
DM twin - twin transfusions


20. What is an average IQ?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
85-100
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old


21. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever


22. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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23. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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24. What are Mongolian spots?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


25. What causes a Cleft lip?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Measles


26. What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Measles
85-100


27. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


28. What is Mumps?

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29. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Cataracts


30. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
White pearls on hard palate
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


31. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Measles
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


32. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


33. What are Hemangiomas?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face


34. What is Gastroschisis?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


35. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


36. What is Polyhydramnios?

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37. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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38. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Cataracts
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


39. What is Rubeola also known as?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old


40. What is Cephalohematoma?
85-100
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


41. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


42. What is the cause of large babies?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
DM twin - twin transfusions


43. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Herpes
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head


44. What is Oligohydramnios?

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45. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


46. What are the signs of child abuse?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Measles
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


47. What is Rubella also known as?
Cataracts
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
German measles
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


48. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


49. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
German measles
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


50. What are wide sutures due to?

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