Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Fifth disease?

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2. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


3. What is Measles = Rubeola?
German measles
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


4. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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5. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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6. What is Cephalohematoma?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


7. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face


8. What is Zellweger's?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
85-100
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Neonatal seizures


9. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Measles
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


10. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


11. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
White pearls on hard palate


12. What is an average IQ?
Cataracts
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
85-100
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


13. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Cataracts


14. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Herpes
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen


15. What is Milia?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


16. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


17. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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18. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


19. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


20. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen


21. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


22. What is Polyhydramnios?

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23. What are the newborn screening tests?

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24. What is Gastroschisis?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


25. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Hearing loss
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


26. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


27. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Hearing loss
Measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


28. What is a Neuroblastoma?
85-100
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


29. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Hearing loss
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


30. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Retinoblastoma
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


31. What are Hemangiomas?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


32. What are Mongolian spots?
Retinoblastoma
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Hearing loss


33. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Retinoblastoma
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


34. What are the signs of child abuse?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


35. What are wide sutures due to?

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36. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


37. What is Mumps?

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38. What is the cause of large babies?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
DM twin - twin transfusions


39. What is VATER syndrome?
Cataracts
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


40. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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41. What is the APGAR test?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Hearing loss
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


42. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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43. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Herpes
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


44. What causes a Cleft lip?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Herpes
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
German measles


45. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face


46. What is Sixth disease?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


47. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Measles
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


48. What is Rubeola also known as?
Neonatal seizures
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Measles
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!


49. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Measles
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


50. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
DM twin - twin transfusions