Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Cataracts


2. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
German measles
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


3. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
85-100
DM twin - twin transfusions
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


4. What is Milia?
Hearing loss
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


5. What is Cephalohematoma?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Herpes
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)


6. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Retinoblastoma
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


7. What is Zellweger's?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Neonatal seizures
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


8. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma
Measles


9. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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10. What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


11. What is Oligohydramnios?

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12. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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13. What is the cause of large babies?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
DM twin - twin transfusions
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


14. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
German measles


15. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
White pearls on hard palate
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


16. What is Mumps?

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17. What is the APGAR test?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old


18. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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19. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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20. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
85-100
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Retinoblastoma


21. What is Otitis Media?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Retinoblastoma
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


22. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Neonatal seizures
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites


23. What are wide sutures due to?

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24. What are Mongolian spots?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


25. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Herpes
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever


26. What are Hemangiomas?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome


27. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


28. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


29. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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30. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old


31. What is Fifth disease?

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32. What is an average IQ?
Retinoblastoma
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Measles
85-100


33. What causes a Cleft Palate?
85-100
German measles
Hearing loss
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


34. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Retinoblastoma
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


35. What is Polyhydramnios?

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36. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


37. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Herpes
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone


38. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


39. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Measles


40. What are the newborn screening tests?

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41. What is Rubeola also known as?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Measles
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)


42. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
German measles
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain


43. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Neonatal seizures
German measles
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


44. What is Erythema Toxicum?
German measles
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever


45. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


46. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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47. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
DM twin - twin transfusions
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


48. What are the signs of child abuse?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


49. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


50. What causes a Cleft lip?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA