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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

2. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Hearing loss
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Cataracts
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

3. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Neonatal seizures
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
White pearls on hard palate

4. What is Otitis Media?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

5. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
85-100
Herpes
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

6. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Hearing loss
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
DM twin - twin transfusions

7. What is Rubeola also known as?
German measles
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Measles
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

8. What is Fifth disease?

9. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Retinoblastoma

10. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

11. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

12. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

13. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Measles
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

14. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma

15. What is Nevus Flammeus?

16. What is Zellweger's?
Cataracts
Neonatal seizures
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

17. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hearing loss
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

18. What is a Nephroblastoma?

19. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

20. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

21. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

22. What are Mongolian spots?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Cataracts
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

23. What is the cause of large babies?
85-100
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
DM twin - twin transfusions
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

24. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Hearing loss
Retinoblastoma

25. What are Hemangiomas?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

26. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

27. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

28. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

29. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Cataracts
Neonatal seizures
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

30. What is Cephalohematoma?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

31. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

32. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
White pearls on hard palate

33. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

34. What is Sixth disease?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

35. What causes a Cleft lip?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Measles
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

36. What is the APGAR test?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

37. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Measles
Neonatal seizures
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

38. What is Polyhydramnios?

39. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Neonatal seizures
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Herpes

40. What is an average IQ?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
85-100

41. What is Mumps?

42. What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
DM twin - twin transfusions
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

43. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

44. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
DM twin - twin transfusions
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

45. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Cataracts
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

46. What is Oligohydramnios?

47. What are wide sutures due to?

48. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

49. What is Milia?
White pearls on hard palate
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

50. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?