Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are wide sutures due to?

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2. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


3. What is Mumps?

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4. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Retinoblastoma
85-100


5. What is Rubeola also known as?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Measles


6. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


7. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
White pearls on hard palate
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


8. What is Rubella also known as?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
German measles
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever


9. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face


10. What is a Neuroblastoma?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Hearing loss


11. What is Sixth disease?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


12. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
German measles
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Cataracts


13. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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14. What is Fifth disease?

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15. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Neonatal seizures
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


16. What is Oligohydramnios?

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17. What is VATER syndrome?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


18. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Herpes
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


19. What is the APGAR test?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


20. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


21. What are the newborn screening tests?

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22. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
German measles


23. What is Gastroschisis?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Cataracts


24. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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25. What is Polyhydramnios?

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26. What are Hemangiomas?
Neonatal seizures
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


27. What is Cephalohematoma?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


28. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


29. What are Mongolian spots?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
German measles
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


30. What are the signs of child abuse?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


31. What causes a Cleft lip?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
85-100
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


32. What is an average IQ?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
White pearls on hard palate
85-100


33. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


34. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
German measles
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


35. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen


36. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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37. What is the cause of large babies?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
DM twin - twin transfusions
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites


38. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
White pearls on hard palate
Hearing loss
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


39. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma


40. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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41. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Retinoblastoma
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


42. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
German measles
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen


43. What is Zellweger's?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Neonatal seizures
White pearls on hard palate


44. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
White pearls on hard palate
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


45. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


46. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Herpes
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


47. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Herpes
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Retinoblastoma
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


48. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Herpes
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


49. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone


50. What causes a Cleft Palate?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face