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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Cataracts
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

2. What are Hemangiomas?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

3. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

4. What is a Nephroblastoma?

5. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

6. What are the newborn screening tests?

7. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
85-100
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

8. What is Zellweger's?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Neonatal seizures
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

9. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

10. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

11. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

12. What are wide sutures due to?

13. What is Rubella also known as?
Herpes
DM twin - twin transfusions
German measles
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

14. What is Mumps?

15. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

16. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

17. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
White pearls on hard palate
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Retinoblastoma

18. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Retinoblastoma
Cataracts

19. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

20. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

21. What are Mongolian spots?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

22. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Retinoblastoma
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Hearing loss

23. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

24. What is Sixth disease?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

25. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

26. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Herpes
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

27. What is Measles = Rubeola?
German measles
Hearing loss
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

28. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Neonatal seizures

29. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

30. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Hearing loss

31. What is the APGAR test?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

32. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Herpes
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

33. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

34. What is Gastroschisis?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
White pearls on hard palate
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

35. What is Fifth disease?

36. What causes a Cleft lip?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

37. What is Cephalohematoma?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Measles
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
White pearls on hard palate

38. What is the cause of large babies?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Neonatal seizures
DM twin - twin transfusions
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

39. What is an average IQ?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
85-100
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Measles

40. What is an Epstein's pearl?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
White pearls on hard palate

41. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Herpes

42. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Retinoblastoma
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

43. What is Nevus Flammeus?

44. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

45. What is VATER syndrome?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

46. What is Rubeola also known as?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Measles

47. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Neonatal seizures
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

48. What is Polyhydramnios?

49. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
German measles
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

50. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
White pearls on hard palate
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever