Test your basic knowledge |

Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Hearing loss

2. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Retinoblastoma
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

3. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Cataracts
White pearls on hard palate

4. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

5. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

6. What is Measles = Rubeola?
German measles
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Herpes

7. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

8. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

9. What is VATER syndrome?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

10. What is Mumps?

11. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

12. What is the cause of large babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

13. What are the newborn screening tests?

14. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

15. What are Mongolian spots?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
White pearls on hard palate
Retinoblastoma

16. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

17. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

18. What is a Nephroblastoma?

19. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

20. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

21. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Neonatal seizures
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

22. What is Nevus Flammeus?

23. What is Cephalohematoma?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

24. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

25. What are wide sutures due to?

26. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

27. What is Milia?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

28. What is Fifth disease?

29. What are Hemangiomas?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Herpes
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

30. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Retinoblastoma
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

31. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

32. What causes a Cleft lip?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

33. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

34. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Hearing loss
Cataracts
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

35. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Cataracts

36. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

37. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
German measles
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

38. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

39. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Hearing loss
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

40. What is Polyhydramnios?

41. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

42. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

43. What is Oligohydramnios?

44. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Retinoblastoma
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

45. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Cataracts
DM twin - twin transfusions
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

46. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Measles
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

47. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

48. What is Gastroschisis?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Cataracts
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

49. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

50. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Hearing loss
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!