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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

2. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

3. What is Fifth disease?

4. What is Gastroschisis?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

5. What is Zellweger's?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Neonatal seizures
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

6. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Cataracts
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

7. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

8. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

9. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Hearing loss
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

10. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

11. What is Mumps?

12. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
DM twin - twin transfusions

13. What is Polyhydramnios?

14. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Retinoblastoma
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

15. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
DM twin - twin transfusions

16. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

17. What is an average IQ?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
85-100

18. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Measles
Cataracts

19. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

20. What are Mongolian spots?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

21. What are wide sutures due to?

22. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

23. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Measles
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Neonatal seizures

24. What are the newborn screening tests?

25. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
DM twin - twin transfusions
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

26. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
DM twin - twin transfusions
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

27. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Hearing loss
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

28. What is Nevus Flammeus?

29. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
German measles

30. What is a Nephroblastoma?

31. What is Otitis Media?
German measles
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

32. What is VATER syndrome?
Hearing loss
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

33. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Hearing loss
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
White pearls on hard palate
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

34. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

35. What are Hemangiomas?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
DM twin - twin transfusions

36. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

37. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Herpes
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

38. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
White pearls on hard palate
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

39. What is Rubeola also known as?
German measles
Measles
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

40. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

41. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Herpes
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

42. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

43. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
German measles
Cataracts
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

44. What is Oligohydramnios?

45. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

46. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

47. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

48. What is Milia?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

49. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Hearing loss
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

50. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero