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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Oligohydramnios?

2. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

3. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Cataracts
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

4. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
DM twin - twin transfusions
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

5. What is the cause of large babies?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
DM twin - twin transfusions

6. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Retinoblastoma

7. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

8. What is VATER syndrome?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Measles
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

9. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

10. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Measles
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Retinoblastoma
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

11. What is a Nephroblastoma?

12. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Measles

13. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Measles
Neonatal seizures

14. What is Fifth disease?

15. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

16. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

17. What is Rubeola also known as?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Retinoblastoma
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Measles

18. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

19. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

20. What is Otitis Media?
Retinoblastoma
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

21. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

22. What is Milia?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

23. What causes a Cleft lip?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Neonatal seizures
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

24. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
German measles
White pearls on hard palate
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

25. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

26. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

27. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
German measles

28. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Retinoblastoma
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

29. What are wide sutures due to?

30. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Herpes
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

31. What are Mongolian spots?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

32. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

33. What are Hemangiomas?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal seizures
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

34. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Cataracts
Hearing loss

35. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

36. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

37. What is Mumps?

38. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

39. What are the signs of child abuse?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

40. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Hearing loss
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

41. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Hearing loss
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

42. What is Sixth disease?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

43. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

44. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
White pearls on hard palate
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

45. What is Polyhydramnios?

46. What are the newborn screening tests?

47. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

48. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
White pearls on hard palate

49. What is an average IQ?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
85-100

50. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Herpes
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma