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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

2. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

3. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Measles
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Cataracts
German measles

4. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Retinoblastoma
Measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

5. What is the cause of large babies?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
DM twin - twin transfusions

6. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
DM twin - twin transfusions
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

7. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

8. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Retinoblastoma
Neonatal seizures

9. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Herpes
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

10. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

11. What is Otitis Media?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

12. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
DM twin - twin transfusions
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

13. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Neonatal seizures
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

14. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Herpes
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

15. What is Mumps?

16. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

17. What are Mongolian spots?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

18. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Neonatal seizures
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

19. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Neonatal seizures
White pearls on hard palate
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Measles

20. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

21. What is an average IQ?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Cataracts
85-100

22. What is Rubella also known as?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
German measles

23. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
German measles
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Herpes

24. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

25. What is the APGAR test?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Retinoblastoma
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

26. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
White pearls on hard palate
Neonatal seizures
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

27. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

28. What is Polyhydramnios?

29. What are wide sutures due to?

30. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

31. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
85-100

32. What is Zellweger's?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Neonatal seizures
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

33. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

34. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

35. What is VATER syndrome?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Herpes
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

36. What is Sixth disease?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

37. What is Cephalohematoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

38. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

39. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

40. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Herpes
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

41. What are the signs of child abuse?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

42. What is Fifth disease?

43. What is Milia?
Measles
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

44. What is Oligohydramnios?

45. What are Hemangiomas?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

46. What is Nevus Flammeus?

47. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

48. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

49. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
German measles
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

50. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?