Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Rubella also known as?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
German measles


2. What is the cause of large babies?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
DM twin - twin transfusions
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


3. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Cataracts
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


4. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


5. What is VATER syndrome?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
DM twin - twin transfusions


6. What is Zellweger's?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal seizures


7. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Cataracts


8. What are Mongolian spots?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


9. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


10. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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11. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


12. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal seizures
85-100
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


13. What are the newborn screening tests?

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14. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
German measles
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Neonatal seizures


15. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


16. What is Mumps?

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17. What are wide sutures due to?

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18. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


19. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Hearing loss


20. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites


21. What is Fifth disease?

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22. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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23. What causes a Cleft lip?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


24. What is Cephalohematoma?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


25. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia


26. What is Gastroschisis?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Measles


27. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
German measles
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


28. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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29. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
DM twin - twin transfusions
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Cataracts


30. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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31. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


32. What is Oligohydramnios?

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33. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Retinoblastoma
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


34. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


35. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Herpes
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


36. What is Rubeola also known as?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Measles
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


37. What is Otitis Media?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


38. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Herpes


39. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Retinoblastoma
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


40. What are the signs of child abuse?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


41. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


42. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Hearing loss
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever


43. What is the APGAR test?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


44. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
White pearls on hard palate


45. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
German measles


46. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Hearing loss
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal seizures


47. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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48. What is Polyhydramnios?

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49. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
White pearls on hard palate
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


50. What is an average IQ?
Hearing loss
85-100
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow