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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

2. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Herpes
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
White pearls on hard palate

3. What is a Nephroblastoma?

4. What is an average IQ?
Measles
85-100
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

5. What is Nevus Flammeus?

6. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

7. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

8. What is VATER syndrome?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Hearing loss
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

9. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

10. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

11. What is Rubella also known as?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Hearing loss
German measles

12. What is Measles = Rubeola?
German measles
White pearls on hard palate
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

13. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

14. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
White pearls on hard palate
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

15. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

16. What is Mumps?

17. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

18. What is the cause of large babies?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
DM twin - twin transfusions
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

19. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

20. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Herpes

21. What are Mongolian spots?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

22. What is Fifth disease?

23. What is Zellweger's?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Neonatal seizures

24. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

25. What is Cephalohematoma?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Herpes

26. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Cataracts
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

27. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

28. What is Polyhydramnios?

29. What is Oligohydramnios?

30. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

31. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
DM twin - twin transfusions
85-100
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

32. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
DM twin - twin transfusions
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

33. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
White pearls on hard palate
Hearing loss
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

34. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

35. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

36. What is the APGAR test?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Hearing loss
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

37. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Measles
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
85-100
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

38. What are the newborn screening tests?

39. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
German measles
Cataracts
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

40. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

41. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Herpes
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

42. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Retinoblastoma

43. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

44. What is Sixth disease?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Herpes
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

45. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

46. What are Hemangiomas?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Retinoblastoma
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

47. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

48. What are wide sutures due to?

49. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

50. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?