Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Milia?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


2. What is Sixth disease?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


3. What is Mumps?

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4. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
White pearls on hard palate
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


5. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


6. What is Gastroschisis?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


7. What is the cause of large babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Cataracts
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


8. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


9. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


10. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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11. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


12. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


13. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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14. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head


15. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Herpes
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone


16. What is Polyhydramnios?

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17. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
German measles
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


18. What is Rubella also known as?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
German measles
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


19. What is Caput Succedaneum?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Cataracts
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


20. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!


21. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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22. What are Mongolian spots?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


23. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


24. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


25. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone


26. What is Cephalohematoma?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


27. What is Fifth disease?

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28. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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29. What is a Neuroblastoma?
85-100
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Neonatal seizures
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


30. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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31. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites


32. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
German measles
Hearing loss


33. What are the newborn screening tests?

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34. What is Zellweger's?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Neonatal seizures
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


35. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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36. What are wide sutures due to?

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37. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


38. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Retinoblastoma
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


39. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


40. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


41. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


42. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
White pearls on hard palate
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Hearing loss


43. What are the signs of child abuse?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


44. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Retinoblastoma
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


45. What is the APGAR test?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


46. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
German measles
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


47. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Measles
Hearing loss
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


48. What is VATER syndrome?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


49. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Cataracts
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


50. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Hearing loss