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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are Hemangiomas?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

2. What is the cause of large babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

3. What is Fifth disease?

4. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

5. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

6. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
White pearls on hard palate
Measles
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

7. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

8. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Hearing loss

9. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

10. What are the signs of child abuse?
Measles
Hearing loss
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

11. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Neonatal seizures
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

12. What is Milia?
Retinoblastoma
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

13. What are the newborn screening tests?

14. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Herpes
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

15. What is Nevus Flammeus?

16. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

17. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

18. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Measles
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

19. What is Gastroschisis?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

20. What causes a Cleft lip?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Herpes
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

21. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Retinoblastoma
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

22. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

23. What are wide sutures due to?

24. What is VATER syndrome?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

25. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

26. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

27. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Cataracts

28. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Herpes
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Retinoblastoma

29. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

30. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

31. What is an average IQ?
85-100
DM twin - twin transfusions
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

32. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
White pearls on hard palate

33. What is Mumps?

34. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
German measles
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

35. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
White pearls on hard palate
Cataracts
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

36. What is Sixth disease?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

37. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

38. What is Oligohydramnios?

39. What is a Nephroblastoma?

40. What is Polyhydramnios?

41. What are Mongolian spots?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Cataracts
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

42. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

43. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

44. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

45. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

46. What is Cephalohematoma?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Hearing loss
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults

47. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

48. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Retinoblastoma
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

49. What is Rubeola also known as?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Herpes
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Measles

50. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome