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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

2. What is Rubella also known as?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
German measles
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

3. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

4. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Herpes
Measles
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

5. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Hearing loss
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

6. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

7. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

8. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

9. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

10. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

11. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Retinoblastoma

12. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

13. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
DM twin - twin transfusions
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Cataracts
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

14. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Measles
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

15. What are the newborn screening tests?

16. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Retinoblastoma
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

17. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
German measles
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

18. What is Gastroschisis?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

19. What is Nevus Flammeus?

20. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Neonatal seizures
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

21. What is Fifth disease?

22. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

23. What is Oligohydramnios?

24. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
German measles
Cataracts
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

25. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

26. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
DM twin - twin transfusions
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

27. What causes a Cleft lip?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

28. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

29. What is a Neuroblastoma?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

30. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

31. What is an Epstein's pearl?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Retinoblastoma
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
White pearls on hard palate

32. What is a Nephroblastoma?

33. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

34. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
White pearls on hard palate
Cataracts
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)

35. What are Hemangiomas?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

36. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Retinoblastoma
Measles

37. What is Sixth disease?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

38. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Herpes
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation

39. What is Milia?
Herpes
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

40. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

41. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

42. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Neonatal seizures
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

43. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

44. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

45. What are wide sutures due to?

46. What are Mongolian spots?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

47. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

48. What is Polyhydramnios?

49. What is the APGAR test?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
German measles

50. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage