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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the cause of large babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

2. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Herpes
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
White pearls on hard palate
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

3. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head

4. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

5. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

6. What are Hemangiomas?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

7. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Hearing loss

8. What are wide sutures due to?

9. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

10. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
DM twin - twin transfusions
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

11. What is Rubeola also known as?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Measles
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

12. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

13. What is an average IQ?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
85-100
DM twin - twin transfusions

14. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen

15. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

16. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Herpes
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

17. What are the newborn screening tests?

18. What is Fifth disease?

19. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
White pearls on hard palate

20. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Cataracts

21. What is Mumps?

22. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

23. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Retinoblastoma
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

24. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

25. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
Herpes

26. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Measles
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

27. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

28. What is Nevus Flammeus?

29. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

30. What is Cephalohematoma?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

31. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

32. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

33. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Measles

34. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition

35. What are Mongolian spots?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

36. What is the APGAR test?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

37. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

38. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Cataracts
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

39. What is Gastroschisis?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Neonatal seizures

40. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

41. What is Zellweger's?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Herpes
Neonatal seizures
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

42. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

43. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Hearing loss

44. What is VATER syndrome?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
White pearls on hard palate
German measles
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

45. What is Oligohydramnios?

46. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Cataracts
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

47. What is Otitis Media?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

48. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Hearing loss

49. What is Polyhydramnios?

50. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Measles
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Herpes