Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
DM twin - twin transfusions


2. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
85-100


3. What is Oligohydramnios?

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4. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Neonatal seizures
White pearls on hard palate


5. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
White pearls on hard palate


6. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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7. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
German measles
Herpes
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


8. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


9. What is Gastroschisis?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
German measles
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


10. What is Mumps?

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11. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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12. What is Milia?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


13. What are Hemangiomas?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


14. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


15. What is Otitis Media?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


16. What is Fifth disease?

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17. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


18. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old


19. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Hearing loss


20. What is an average IQ?
85-100
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


21. What is the APGAR test?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


22. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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23. What is Rubeola also known as?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Measles


24. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
85-100
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain


25. What are the newborn screening tests?

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26. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


27. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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28. What is Rubella also known as?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
German measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


29. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Retinoblastoma
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


30. What are wide sutures due to?

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31. What are the signs of child abuse?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


32. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
85-100
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


33. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


34. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Hearing loss
Measles
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


35. What is Polyhydramnios?

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36. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
German measles
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


37. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


38. What causes a Cleft lip?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


39. What is Measles = Rubeola?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
DM twin - twin transfusions
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


40. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


41. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
German measles


42. What are Mongolian spots?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


43. What is the cause of large babies?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
DM twin - twin transfusions
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


44. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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45. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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46. What is Sixth disease?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Measles
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


47. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


48. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


49. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma


50. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)