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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Mumps?

2. What is Polyhydramnios?

3. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

4. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
White pearls on hard palate
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

5. What is Zellweger's?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Neonatal seizures
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

6. What is Rubeola also known as?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Measles
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

7. What is a Nephroblastoma?

8. What is Measles = Rubeola?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

9. What are Mongolian spots?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Herpes
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics

10. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
German measles
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

11. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

12. What are the signs of child abuse?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

13. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Measles
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

14. What is Otitis Media?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

15. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

16. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

17. What is Cephalohematoma?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

18. What are wide sutures due to?

19. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
85-100
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

20. What is the APGAR test?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

21. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

22. What are the newborn screening tests?

23. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

24. What is Erythema Toxicum?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Neonatal seizures
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

25. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Retinoblastoma
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

26. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Retinoblastoma
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

27. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

28. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

29. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Retinoblastoma

30. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone

31. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
White pearls on hard palate
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

32. What is the cause of large babies?
Measles
DM twin - twin transfusions
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal

33. What is VATER syndrome?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

34. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Measles
DM twin - twin transfusions
Herpes

35. What is Nevus Flammeus?

36. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Neonatal seizures

37. What causes a Cleft lip?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
85-100
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

38. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

39. What is Oligohydramnios?

40. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

41. What is Gastroschisis?
Neonatal seizures
Cataracts
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

42. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Cataracts
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

43. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria

44. What causes a Cleft Palate?
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light

45. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

46. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

47. What is Fifth disease?

48. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
White pearls on hard palate
Herpes
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

49. What is Sixth disease?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

50. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Hearing loss
Cataracts
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light