Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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2. What is an average IQ?
85-100
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face


3. What is Rubella also known as?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
German measles


4. What are Mongolian spots?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


5. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


6. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Herpes
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Retinoblastoma


7. What is Cephalohematoma?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


8. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Cataracts


9. What is Oligohydramnios?

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10. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Measles
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


11. What is Mumps?

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12. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


13. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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14. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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15. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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16. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Retinoblastoma
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Measles
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


17. What are the newborn screening tests?

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18. What causes a Cleft lip?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Herpes


19. What is Polyhydramnios?

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20. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
85-100
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


21. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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22. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


23. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


24. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


25. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head


26. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
German measles
Retinoblastoma


27. What is Gastroschisis?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
White pearls on hard palate
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


28. What are wide sutures due to?

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29. What are the signs of child abuse?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Retinoblastoma
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


30. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Measles


31. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Herpes
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


32. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Herpes


33. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
DM twin - twin transfusions


34. What is Sixth disease?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


35. What is the APGAR test?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


36. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Neonatal seizures
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Cataracts
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen


37. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Cataracts
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


38. What is Milia?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


39. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Hearing loss


40. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
White pearls on hard palate
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


41. What is VATER syndrome?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


42. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Retinoblastoma
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo


43. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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44. What is the cause of large babies?
Herpes
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
DM twin - twin transfusions


45. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Cataracts
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


46. What is Fifth disease?

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47. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Hearing loss
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


48. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


49. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


50. What is Otitis Media?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic