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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the cause of large babies?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school

2. What is Zellweger's?
Cataracts
Neonatal seizures
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

3. What is Oligohydramnios?

4. What are the signs of child abuse?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages

5. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

6. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

7. What is Nevus Flammeus?

8. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia

9. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Cataracts

10. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Hearing loss
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots

11. What causes a Cleft Palate?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Herpes
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

12. What is an average IQ?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
85-100

13. What are the newborn screening tests?

14. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

15. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Retinoblastoma
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

16. What causes a Cleft lip?
German measles
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

17. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

18. What is Rubeola also known as?
Hearing loss
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Measles
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

19. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

20. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

21. What is Milia?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

22. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

23. What are Mongolian spots?
Hearing loss
Measles
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

24. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow

25. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s

26. What are wide sutures due to?

27. What is a Nephroblastoma?

28. What is Fifth disease?

29. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Neonatal seizures

30. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Retinoblastoma
85-100
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

31. What is VATER syndrome?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face

32. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
German measles
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

33. What is Otitis Media?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
White pearls on hard palate
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

34. What is the APGAR test?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)

35. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
85-100
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Hearing loss
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS

36. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
White pearls on hard palate
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

37. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
DM twin - twin transfusions

38. What are Hemangiomas?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain

39. What is an Epstein's pearl?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
White pearls on hard palate
DM twin - twin transfusions

40. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Measles
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

41. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

42. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Cataracts

43. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
DM twin - twin transfusions
Cataracts
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome

44. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Cataracts

45. What is Gastroschisis?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!

46. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
DM twin - twin transfusions
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin

47. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
85-100
Hearing loss

48. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Measles

49. What is Mumps?

50. What is Cephalohematoma?
White pearls on hard palate
Herpes
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)