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Pediatrics

Subjects : health-sciences, pediatrics

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Rubeola also known as?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
German measles
Measles

2. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
White pearls on hard palate
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

3. What is Otitis Media?
Neonatal seizures
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
85-100
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)

4. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

5. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Retinoblastoma

6. What is Sixth disease?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)

7. What is the APGAR test?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Neonatal seizures
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

8. What is Measles = Rubeola?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

9. What are the signs of child abuse?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's

10. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Hearing loss
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding

11. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Retinoblastoma
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites

12. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
White pearls on hard palate
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old

13. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Neonatal seizures

14. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Cataracts
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever

15. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

16. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Cataracts
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

17. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

18. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic

19. What is Polyhydramnios?

20. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Cataracts
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Retinoblastoma
85-100

21. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

22. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Neonatal seizures

23. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)

24. What are the newborn screening tests?

25. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage

26. What is Mumps?

27. What is Fifth disease?

28. What is the cause of large babies?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Herpes
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions

29. What is Gastroschisis?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Cataracts

30. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Herpes
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl

31. What are Mongolian spots?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Cataracts

32. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA

33. What causes a Cleft lip?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo

34. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
White pearls on hard palate

35. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

36. What is Nevus Flammeus?

37. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee

38. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero

39. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Abdominal wall defect - off - center

40. What is an average IQ?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
85-100
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)

41. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

42. What is Oligohydramnios?

43. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Herpes
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate

44. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Hearing loss
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin

45. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
White pearls on hard palate
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Cataracts

46. What are wide sutures due to?

47. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

48. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma

49. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
German measles

50. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS