Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is Polyhydramnios?


2. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Hearing loss
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


3. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Cataracts
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


4. What is Fifth disease?


5. What is the APGAR test?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


6. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


7. What is VATER syndrome?
White pearls on hard palate
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


8. What are the signs of child abuse?
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


9. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain


10. What is Zellweger's?
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Neonatal seizures
Retinoblastoma


11. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Herpes


12. What is Otitis Media?
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


13. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
White pearls on hard palate
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


14. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?


15. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?


16. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


17. What is Milia?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Neonatal seizures


18. What is Oligohydramnios?


19. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
White pearls on hard palate
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


20. What is Sixth disease?
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition


21. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


22. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?


23. What is an Epstein's pearl?
White pearls on hard palate
Herpes
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


24. What are wide sutures due to?


25. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Hearing loss


26. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?


27. What is Nevus Flammeus?


28. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


29. What are Hemangiomas?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
85-100


30. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


31. What is Mumps?


32. What are the newborn screening tests?


33. What is the cause of large babies?
Retinoblastoma
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


34. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
German measles
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia


35. What is a Nephroblastoma?


36. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
White pearls on hard palate
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome


37. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


38. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!


39. What is an average IQ?
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
85-100
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Retinoblastoma


40. What are Mongolian spots?
DM twin - twin transfusions
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin


41. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


42. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Cataracts
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee


43. What is Rubeola also known as?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Cataracts
Measles


44. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
White pearls on hard palate


45. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
85-100
Retinoblastoma
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


46. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
85-100
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


47. What is Gastroschisis?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Paramyxovirus Parotiditis ? red Stenson's duct (behind 3rd molar) - lemons hurt Complications: pancreatitis - oophoritis/orchitis - meningoencephalomyelitis Tx: Acetaminophen
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain


48. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


49. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Hearing loss
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


50. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero