Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hearing loss
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


2. What are Hemangiomas?
Measles
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


3. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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4. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Retinoblastoma
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome


5. What is Erythema Toxicum?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


6. What causes a Cleft Palate?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


7. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Cataracts


8. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


9. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
DM twin - twin transfusions
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)


10. What is the APGAR test?
Retinoblastoma
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


11. What is Otitis Media?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)


12. What is Polyhydramnios?

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13. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
Cataracts
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Herpes
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


14. What is Nevus Flammeus?

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15. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Herpes
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


16. What is the cause of large babies?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
White pearls on hard palate
Neonatal seizures
DM twin - twin transfusions


17. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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18. What is Oligohydramnios?

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19. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites


20. What is Sixth disease?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


21. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Retinoblastoma
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


22. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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23. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
White pearls on hard palate


24. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


25. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
White pearls on hard palate
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation


26. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
85-100


27. What causes a Cleft lip?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


28. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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29. What are the newborn screening tests?

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30. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


31. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Hearing loss
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


32. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
DM twin - twin transfusions


33. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Hearing loss
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


34. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)
85-100
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria


35. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
Cataracts


36. What is Mumps?

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37. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's


38. What is Gastroschisis?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)


39. What is Rubella also known as?
German measles
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


40. What is Cephalohematoma?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
White pearls on hard palate
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


41. What is an Epstein's pearl?
EtOH - Fragile X - Down's
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
White pearls on hard palate


42. What is VATER syndrome?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
German measles
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


43. What is Rubeola also known as?
Measles
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)


44. What are wide sutures due to?

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45. What are the signs of child abuse?
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl


46. What are Mongolian spots?
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)


47. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Neonatal seizures
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS


48. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Herpes
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


49. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
White pearls on hard palate
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


50. What is Milia?
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Neonatal seizures
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero