Pediatrics

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the MCC of a white reflex?
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Retinoblastoma


2. What is Rubella also known as?
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
German measles
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


3. What is the MC eye infection the third week of life?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Abd muscle problem: Prune belly Renal agenesis: Potter's syndrome
Herpes
85-100


4. What is Caput Succedaneum?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


5. What is the sign of a Clavicle Fracture?
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Asymmetric Moro reflex (MC broken in middle 1/3)


6. What is Zellweger's?
Neonatal seizures
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
Herpes
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow


7. What is persistent eye drainage since birth usually due to?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


8. What are Hemangiomas?
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
DM twin - twin transfusions
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


9. What is a Nephroblastoma?

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10. What are the MCC of mental retardation in the US?

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11. What should you rule out when child abuse is suspected?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school


12. What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Blocked duct Tx: gentle massage


13. What are the newborn screening tests?

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14. What is the APGAR test?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


15. What is Polyhydramnios?

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16. What are the signs of child abuse?
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
85-100
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Multiple ecchymoses - Retinal hemorrhage - Epidural/Subdural hemorrhage - Spiral fractures (twisted) - Multiple fractures in different healing stages


17. What is the MCC of no red reflex?
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Too little amniotic fluid - baby can't pee
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Cataracts


18. What is an Epstein's pearl?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
White pearls on hard palate


19. What are the causes of Hyperbilirubinemia?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Herpes
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


20. What is the MC eye infection the first week of life?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate


21. What is the MC eye infection the first day of life?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
DM twin - twin transfusions
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero


22. What is Otitis Media?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
White pearls on hard palate
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


23. How is smallpox different from chickenpox?
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
German measles


24. What is Gastroschisis?
Red rash w/ oily skin & dry - flaky hairline Tx: baby oil/shampoo
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
Abdominal wall defect - off - center


25. What is Milia?
Neonatal whiteheads on malar area d/t progesterone in utero
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
HHV-6 Roseola - exanthema subitum (fever disappears - then rash appears)
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


26. What are the MCC of Oligohydramnios?

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27. What is VATER syndrome?
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal


28. What is Cephalohematoma?
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA
Under bone (blood not cross suture line)
'Stork bites' on back of neck - look like flames - AKA Port - Wine Stain
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!


29. What is Mumps?

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30. What causes a Cleft Palate?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Mouth ulcers ? won't eat or drink - palm/sole rash - Coxsackie A virus Tx: observation
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


31. What is a Neuroblastoma?
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Herpes
Vertebral abnormality - Anal (imperforate) - TE fistula - Renal
Adrenal medulla tumor - hypsarrhythmia (EEG pattern of abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes) - opsoclonus (uncontrolled eye movements) - ?VMA


32. What is the cause of asymmetrically small babies?
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Clear discharge d/t silver nitrate
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma


33. What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
DM twin - twin transfusions
Smallpox is on face - same stage of development - fever
HHV-7 Herald patch ? migrates along skin lines Christmas tree appearance Tx: UV- B light


34. What is the MC eye infection the second week of life
Herpes
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


35. What is Subgaleal Hemorrhage?
Maxillary shelves did not fuse - recurrent otitis media (feed w/ long curved nipple)
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia
Gonorrhea ? purulent discharge Tx: Ceftriaxone


36. What is Fifth disease?

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37. What are Mongolian spots?
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Parvo B19 - Erythema infectiosum - 'slapped cheeks -' red lacy body rash - arthritis in mom - aplastic anemia - keep away from pregnant women for a few days - can go to school
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics


38. What is Varicella = Chickenpox?
VZV - On trunk - different stages of devo - Complications: skin infections - varicella pneumonia (lethal) 1. Red macule 2. Clear vesicle on red dot 3. Pus 4. Scab (not infectious)
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Under scalp (edema crosses suture lines)


39. What is Hand - Foot - Mouth disease?

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40. What is the cause of symmetrically small babies?
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots
Chromosomal abnormalities or TORCHS
White pearls on hard palate
Chlamydia Tx: Erythromycin


41. What is Erythema Toxicum?
'Please Check BBefore Going HHome'- PKU- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia- Biotinidase - Beta- thalassemia- Galactosemia- Hypothyroidism - Homocystinuria
Total body rash - white wheal on red area - has eosinophils - looks like flea bites
Hypothyroidism - Down's -Poor nutrition
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic


42. What is an average IQ?
Retinoblastoma
85-100
Abdominal wall defect - off - center
Hearing loss


43. What is the MCC of delayed speech development?
Hearing loss
White pearls on hard palate
85-100
Osteogeneis imperfecta - Bleeding disorders - Fifth disease - Mongolian spots


44. What are the MCC of Polyhydramnios?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Flat bood vessels Tx: steroid injection if growing rapidly or laser surgery if on face
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding
NM problem: Wernig - Hoffman GI problem: Duodenal atresia


45. What is Molloscum Contagiosum?
(Test at 1 & 5 min - normal >7) Apperance (color): 2=pink - 1=acrocyanosis - 0=central cyanosis Pulse: 2=>100 - 1=80-100 - 0=<80 (normal 120-160) Grimace: 2=strong - 1=weak - 0=no grimace Activity: 2=all extremities flexed - 1=partially flexed - 0=fl
Too much amniotic fluid - baby can't swallow
Poor blood supply spares brain ? small body - normal head
Pox virus Flesh - colored papules w/ central dimple - perianal STD in adults


46. What is Measles = Rubeola?
Melanocytes on lower back (not child abuse) Usu on Asain/Hispanics
Prolonged jaundice in newborns d/t birthing trauma
DM twin - twin transfusions
(Paramyxovirus; multinucleated giant cells)1. Cough - Coryza (thick rhinorrhea) - Conjunctivitis 2. Koplik spot 24 hrs before rash 3. Morbilliform blotchy rash (spreads from head down - like a shower) Complications: otitis media - demyelinating dz (s


47. What causes a Cleft lip?
Medial nasal prominence did not fuse - Reconstruct at 10 wk old
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Kidney - 'Wilm's' tumor - hemihypertrophy (atrophy of leg on side of tumor b/c blood supply redirected away from leg) - aniridia (absence of iris) - 'triphasic' histology Tx: Dactinomycin
Sepsis - ABO incompatibility - hypothyroidism - breastfeeding


48. What is the cause of large babies?
Togavirus - Trunk rash - lymphadenopathy behind ears - don't look sick - Complications: blueberry muffin rash - cataracts - deafness - PDA (pre - maturity) - extramedullary erythropoiesis - Don't give vaccine to pregnant women!
Fluid in middle ear Commonly S. pneum Tx: Amoxicillin or tube placement if chronic
Measles
DM twin - twin transfusions


49. What are wide sutures due to?

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50. What is Rubella = German 3- day measles?

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