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Public Debating

Subject : soft-skills
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An irrelevant attack on an opponent rather than on the opponent's evidence or arguments; this is literally translated as an argument 'to the person'






2. Accepting the word of an alleged authority when we should not because the person does not have expertise on this particular issue or s/he cannot be trusted to give an unbiased opinion.






3. When more than one vehicle is used for the same tenor - and those vehicles appear in close proximity to each other






4. If A then B Not A Therefore not B






5. Juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas






6. 'X is an sign of Y' is what arg's warrant?






7. Can the sign be found without the thing for which it stands? Is an alternative explanation of the maning of the sign more credible? Are there countering signs that indicate that his one sign is false?






8. Value Hierarchy Visualization






9. Taking the absence of evidence against something as justification for believing that thing is true.






10. Taught by sophists; provides tools to recognize good arguments from bad ones






11. _____ rejected rhetoric as flattery - not truth - a 'knack' on par with 'cookery' and 'cosmetics'






12. Affirming or denying a point strongly by asking it as a question; also called a 'rhetorical question'






13. Uses emotional appeal instead of evidence to argue






14. Puritan morality - change and progress - equality of opportunity - rejection of authority - achievement and success






15. Set two things in opposition






16. Is a variation of Appeal to Ignorance. It is when you accept an argument that the presumption lies with one side and the other side has the burden of proving its case when the reverse is actually true






17. Repetition of the same word or groups of words at the beginning of successive clauses - sentences - or lines.






18. Is the metaphor appropriate? The key to ____ is matching strategy to situation.






19. The process of discrediting someone's argument by revealing weaknesses in it or presenting a counterargument






20. Does one thing really cause the other - or are they merely correlated? Is there another larger cause or series of causes that better explains the effect?






21. Who developed the argument from general probability?






22. Does the argument effectively appeal to audience values and priorities? Does the argument accurately capture the values at play in this situation?






23. Attempts to assign responsibility for the existence of the ill to the current system. Needs to connect the ill to the policy in order for it to be changed. Must Have: 1. Structural Inherency: bad structure/lack of structure 2. Attitudinal Inherency:






24. 'When a qualified person says something is true - it's true' is a warrant for what arg?






25. Value Hierarchy Visualization in terms of high and low values (?/?)






26. Arguing that the conclusion of an argument must be untrue because there is a fallacy in the reasoning. (Just because the premises may not be true - does not mean that the conclusion has to be false)






27. Usually has three parts: 1. (MP) Major Premise - unequivocal statement 2. (mP) Minor Premise - about a specific case 3. (C) Conclusion - follows necessarily from the premises






28. What order do definitional and qualitative stasis usually fall into when put into an argument?






29. Beginning repeated






30. Inference that allows you to move from grounds to claim (often implied in the argument)






31. Ask a rhetorical question






32. Drawing an analogical conclusion when the cases compared are not relevantly alike






33. The inference reasons from meaning or lesson of a story to a claim. The warrant usually says 'The moral to a story tells us a greater truth'






34. Prolepsis - Direct Refutation - Conceding some points to focus on others - Agree on commonality then refute - and Turn are all examples of _____ ______






35. Asks - 'of what kind is it?' Involves a question of the quality of the act - whether it is good or bad.






36. Asks - 'is it?' Involves a question of fact (past - present - future)






37. Common practice and traditional wisdom fallacies are categories of _____






38. Specific evidence or reason to support the claim (often introduced with the words 'because' or 'since')






39. Accepting a token gesture for something more substantive






40. The list that builds






41. Circular Reasoning






42. Arguing without evidence that a given event is the first of a series of steps that will inevitably lead to some outcome.






43. Show that an opponent's argument actually supports your side of the debate (often accompanied by a flip in values)






44. What kind of commonplaces 'deflect reality'






45. Ideas repeated






46. A manufactured controversy that is motivated by profit or extreme ideology to intentionally create confusion in the public about an issue of scientific fact that is not in dispute by the scientific community. Used to stop debate at the conjectural le






47. Is a variety of Hasty Generalization; it is when you draw conclusions about a population on the basis of a sample that is too small to be a reliable measure of that population






48. What order does conjectural stasis usually fall in when arguing?






49. Opposite of Epanalepsis






50. The inference moves from specific to general or from general to specific. The warrant to this argument usually reads 'what is true in this case is true in general' or 'what is true in general is true in this case'