Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How can you list all services on the system to tell whether they will boot during startup?
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.
chkconfig—list
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.


2. What is the biggest benefit to using LVM over basic partitions?
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
via the command line


3. What is the difference between an A record and a PTR record?
getfacl
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.


4. What is the /var/lib/nfs/etab file used for?
service sshd statuts
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.


5. What command displays your current interfaces and IP address?
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
ifconfig
DNS uses port 53.
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.


6. The default SMTP service has been changed from _________ to Postfix in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
serve both files and printers to users
Sendmail
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.


7. The old SysInit scripts have been replaced in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for what new boot utility?
service dhcpd configtest
Upstart. The Upstart utility is now used in the boot process for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
alternatives --config mta
cat /proc/mdstat


8. What option is used to allow anonymous uploads to the FTP server?
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.


9. What port on the firewall needs to be open for the TFTP server to work?
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l


10. If you want a specific action to take place when user01 logs in to the system - which file would you edit?
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.


11. The exportfs command is used to...
service httpd configtest
lvdisplay
export one or all resources
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g


12. What option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables?
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.


13. What command can you use to create your own repositories?
createrepo
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l


14. What client-side command can you use to test your FTP server connection?
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
mkfs.ext4


15. Can you put your /boot partition on a RAID 5 array?
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
service httpd configtest


16. What command disables the SSH service from running when the system boots?
SSH is used for secure remote management of Linux systems.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
chkconfig sshd off
semanage boolean -l


17. What is the virsh command used for?
The virsh command is used to manage virtual guests.
getsebool -a | grep http
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.


18. The at command is used to ____________. The cron service handles reoccurring system jobs.
schedule one-time-only jobs
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.
You can use the sudo command to run a command with elevated privileges provided you have the rights in the /etc/sudoers file.
The four types of DNS servers are master - slave - caching-only - and forwarding.


19. What is SSH used for?
SSH is used for secure remote management of Linux systems.
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.
halts the system


20. SSH does...
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
support TCP Wrappers
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514


21. What is the /etc/hosts file used for?

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22. Can you name three utilities that can be used for network or DNS client troubleshooting?
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
via the command line
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
chkconfig xinetd --list


23. By default - what is the path to a user's home directory?

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24. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is the only version that officially supports _______
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
LUKS encryption
atq
chkconfig xinetd --list


25. Explain the difference between soft and hard limits in quotas.

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26. Should you allow remote root access - Why or why not?

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27. What command can you use to change the context of files?
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
chcon
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
service httpd configtest


28. What command and option do you use to view the description of Boolean values?
You must open TCP ports 20 and 21 for the FTP server to function properly.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
semanage boolean -l
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.


29. What are the two config files for Postfix called?
Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple packages in a single group at once.
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.


30. What command can you use to manage system services?
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.
atq
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
chkconfig xinetd --list


31. What command can you use to query information from the kernel about RAID arrays?
chcon
cat /proc/mdstat
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.


32. What command is used to create a user for Samba?
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.
used for kickstart and/or network installs
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.


33. If a package is built on an RHEL6 system and deployed to a custom RHEL5 repository - are RHEL5 systems able to use it?
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.


34. Editing the /etc/xinetd.d/tftp file and enabling the service are the same as running the chkconfig tftp on command. Both of these actions...
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
have the same effect
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
getfacl


35. How would you view all Boolean options for the HTTP service?
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
Sendmail
getsebool -a | grep http
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).


36. What is the benefit of using public/private key authentication?

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37. GRUB has three stages. Can you name them?
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.


38. What two commands are special for dealing with user login events?
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
have the same effect
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.


39. What two commands are used for package management?
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.


40. What happens if you call the command from question 3 with the -c option after it has already been run?
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.
getsebool


41. What is the benefit to using centralized authentication?

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42. What is the difference between the update (-U) and install (-i) options when using rpm to update the kernel?
lvdisplay
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.


43. What option needs to be used with the mount command to mount an NFS resource?
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
SELinux Booleans provide restrictions to different aspects of a service.
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.


44. Does a DHCP server allow reserved IP addresses - If so - how?
Enforcing during installation
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
The /etc/hosts file is a local lookup file used to map IP addresses to hostnames if a DNS server isn't available.
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.


45. What command-line program can you use to check your mail?
getsebool
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
setsebool -P nfs_export_all_rw=1
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.


46. What is the format of the /etc/shadow file?
LUKS encryption
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.
load balancing and redundancy benefits


47. What command and option can you use to enable a service to start on boot?
DNS uses port 53.
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.


48. How can virtual hosts be used?
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.


49. What command can you use to view system processes and their CPU usage?
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.


50. What command would you use to create a group - to add the user George to the group?
serve both files and printers to users
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
You can use the sudo command to run a command with elevated privileges provided you have the rights in the /etc/sudoers file.