RHCSA

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How can you list all services on the system to tell whether they will boot during startup?
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
This chapter described tdbsm and smbpasswd back-end authentication.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
chkconfig—list


2. What is the name of the section used to run scripts after a kickstart installation?
This command reboots virtual guest Client04.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.


3. To grow a file system
getsebool -a | grep http
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.


4. What is the top command used for?
For Apache to run a secure site - the mod_ssl package is required to be installed.
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
Use the top command to view CPU and memory usage.
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.


5. To export directories as resources - what file needs to be edited?

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6. What port on the firewall needs to be open for the TFTP server to work?
rpcbind service
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.


7. Can you name the two commands that can be used to view the free space on the system?
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.


8. By default - what is the path to a user's home directory?

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9. What command can you use to query Boolean values?
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
schedule one-time-only jobs
Public/private key authentication provides an additional layer of security because you need the correct key instead of just knowing someone's password. Passwords combined with public/private keys take the security one additional step.
getsebool


10. What is the biggest benefit to using LVM over basic partitions?
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
createrepo


11. A slave DNS server provides...
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
load balancing and redundancy benefits
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.


12. The firewall service is...
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
This command reboots virtual guest Client04.
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
enabled by default


13. What two ports should be opened on the firewall for the FTP server to function properly?
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
You must open TCP ports 20 and 21 for the FTP server to function properly.
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.


14. What command can you use to view mounted Samba shares?
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.


15. Do you need to write changes to the disk when using the parted command? What about fdisk?
have the same effect
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.


16. How can virtual hosts be used?
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.


17. What command can you use to create a password-protected page?
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.
Enforcing during installation


18. Which log file is used to keep track of policy violations?
The /var/log/audit/audit.log file contains all policy violations.
Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple packages in a single group at once.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.


19. What does S12rsyslog in the /etc/rc.d/rc2.d directory mean?
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.


20. What is the point of using SELinux?
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
A virtual host is a way of hosting multiple sites using a single IP address.
rpmbuild
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.


21. What does virsh reboot Client04 do?
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
The /etc/fstab file.
This command reboots virtual guest Client04.


22. What is the name of the package used to install an FTP?
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
export one or all resources


23. What option can you change in the rsyslog config file to accept remote logs (acting as a centralized logging server)?
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.
lvdisplay
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.


24. What are the three different types of RAID described in this chapter?
The /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file is the main config file for the DHCP service.
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.


25. Before you work with quotas - what do you need to do to the file system?
The file system where quotas will be implemented must be mounted with the usrquota and grpquota options before quotas will work properly.
service dhcpd configtest
Enforcing during installation
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.


26. How would you go about creating a static route?
run on any port you'd like (provided that port is available)
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.


27. The ______________ for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 or 6 includes the use of LVM.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
Enforcing during installation
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.
rpcbind service


28. Before you work with ACLs - what do you need to do to the file system?
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
enabled by default


29. What is the difference between the update (-U) and install (-i) options when using rpm to update the kernel?
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
atq
Use the top command to view CPU and memory usage.
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.


30. What option needs to be used with the mount command to mount an NFS resource?
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.
rpmbuild
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
user's home directory in the /etc/skel directory


31. What command-line program can you use to check your mail?
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.


32. What two commands are used for package management?
chcon
The /var/log/audit/audit.log file contains all policy violations.
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.


33. What command can you use to view system processes and their CPU usage?
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.


34. Should you allow remote root access - Why or why not?

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35. Editing the /etc/xinetd.d/tftp file and enabling the service are the same as running the chkconfig tftp on command. Both of these actions...
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
The virsh command is used to manage virtual guests.
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l
have the same effect


36. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - the default for SELinux is _______________ (which can be changed after the installation completes). For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - you were able to choose what mode you wanted SELinux to start in.
Enforcing during installation
mkfs.ext4
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.


37. What is the name of the package that allows you to install VNC?
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
mkfs.ext4
The virsh command is used to manage virtual guests.


38. How can you display all virtual guests after they're connected to a hypervisor?
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.


39. Can you put your /boot partition on a RAID 5 array?
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
atq
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.


40. What command can you use to manage system services?
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
SELinux Booleans provide restrictions to different aspects of a service.
export one or all resources
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.


41. What are the side effects of shrinking a volume group or logical volume?
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
load balancing and redundancy benefits
Upstart. The Upstart utility is now used in the boot process for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.


42. What is the superblock used for?
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.


43. What is VNC?
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.


44. Most boot issues can be resolved by...
The /var/log/audit/audit.log file contains all policy violations.
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
entering rescue mode and repairing the problem.


45. What command can you use to change the context of files?
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
chcon
enabled by default
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.


46. Place all files you want added to a _______________ during creation.

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47. What command can you use to check the config file of the DHCP server?
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
service dhcpd configtest
Public/private key authentication provides an additional layer of security because you need the correct key instead of just knowing someone's password. Passwords combined with public/private keys take the security one additional step.
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.


48. What command can you use to validate the syntax of the Apache config file?
chkconfig xinetd --list
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
getsebool -a | grep http
service httpd configtest


49. What are the three modes in which the rpm command can operate?
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
Sendmail


50. Explain the difference between soft and hard limits in quotas.

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