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RHCSA

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, rhcsa

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What are the two types of back-end authentication mechanisms discussed in this chapter?
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
getsebool -a | grep http
This chapter described tdbsm and smbpasswd back-end authentication.

2. What command can you use to check the config file of the DHCP server?
service dhcpd configtest
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.
cat /proc/mdstat
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.

3. What command displays your current interfaces and IP address?
ifconfig
Use the /usr/share/doc/dovecot-1.0.7/examples/mkcert.sh command after editing the /etc/pki/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf file.
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.

4. What command is used to create a user for Samba?
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
DNS uses port 53.
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.

5. What option would you use to query an installed package using the rpm command?
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
serve both files and printers to users
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.

6. Do you need to write changes to the disk when using the parted command? What about fdisk?
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
rpcbind service

7. How would you view all Boolean options for the HTTP service?
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.
run on any port you'd like (provided that port is available)
getsebool -a | grep http
LUKS encryption

8. What command and option do you use to view the description of Boolean values?
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
The /etc/exports file needs to contain any directory that you want to export - including which options you'd like to use as well.
lvdisplay
semanage boolean -l

9. Which file contains all messages generated during installation that can be used for troubleshooting if the need arises?
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
service named configtest
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.

10. What command and option can you use to enable a service to start on boot?
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).

11. What command can you use to view NFS statistics?
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
rpmbuild
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.

12. What command can you use to create a password-protected page?
getsebool
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
For Apache to run a secure site - the mod_ssl package is required to be installed.

13. What does the rdnc-confgen command do?
A virtual host is a way of hosting multiple sites using a single IP address.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.

14. What command can you use to create your own repositories?
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
schedule one-time-only jobs
createrepo
Use the top command to view CPU and memory usage.

15. What is a virtual host?
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
A virtual host is a way of hosting multiple sites using a single IP address.

16. Before you work with quotas - what do you need to do to the file system?
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
The file system where quotas will be implemented must be mounted with the usrquota and grpquota options before quotas will work properly.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.

17. How would you install a group of packages all at a single time?
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple packages in a single group at once.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.

18. What is the difference between an ext2 and ext3 file system?

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19. What is the biggest benefit to using LVM over basic partitions?
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.
The /var/log/audit/audit.log file contains all policy violations.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.

20. What option can you change in the rsyslog config file to accept remote logs (acting as a centralized logging server)?
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514

21. SSH does...
support TCP Wrappers
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.
browseable option
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.

22. What is the point of using SELinux?
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.

23. What is the format of the /etc/shadow file?
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple packages in a single group at once.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.

24. Place all files you want added to a _______________ during creation.

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25. What is the last rule in the iptables file?

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26. What command can you use to view system processes and their CPU usage?
service sshd statuts
kickstart installations to work
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.

27. What is NAT - How is it used?
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.
semanage boolean -l
You can use the sudo command to run a command with elevated privileges provided you have the rights in the /etc/sudoers file.

28. What happens to jobs that are scheduled to run while the system is off?
When the system starts up again - the cron service will run any jobs that were missed while the system was off. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - the anacron service handles this functionality.
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
getfacl
alternatives --config mta

29. It is possible to run scripts before a kickstart installation. This is done by...
defining a %pre section although it is rarely used
amount of RAM
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.

30. How would you go about creating a static route?
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
chkconfig sshd off
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.

31. You must dictate the ____________ you want allocated to your virtual machine when you create it.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
amount of RAM
mkfs.ext4

32. What are the side effects of shrinking a volume group or logical volume?
For Apache to run a secure site - the mod_ssl package is required to be installed.
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.
SSH is used for secure remote management of Linux systems.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.

33. The default SMTP service has been changed from _________ to Postfix in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
Sendmail
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.

34. If you want a specific action to take place when user01 logs in to the system - which file would you edit?
support for TCP Wrappers
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
Sendmail
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.

35. Which file shows you all the client IP addresses?
serve both files and printers to users
Sendmail
chkconfig xinetd --list
The /var/liv/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases file contains all clients IP address currently in use.

36. What is a swap? Is it created as a partition or device file?
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
Public/private key authentication provides an additional layer of security because you need the correct key instead of just knowing someone's password. Passwords combined with public/private keys take the security one additional step.

37. What is the superblock used for?
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
ifconfig
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.
user's home directory in the /etc/skel directory

38. The INPUT chain being used is the default under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. This rule...
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
generates errors under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

39. What command is used to show all services being controlled by the xinetd daemon?
chkconfig xinetd --list
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
cat /proc/mdstat
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.

40. The virt-install package allows you to manage virtual machines _____________. The virt-manager package allows you to manage virtual machines via a GUI interface.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
via the command line
service dhcpd configtest
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.

41. How can you list all services on the system to tell whether they will boot during startup?
LUKS encryption
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
chkconfig—list
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.

42. What option needs to be used with the mount command to mount an NFS resource?
rpcbind service
The /var/liv/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases file contains all clients IP address currently in use.
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.

43. What does S12rsyslog in the /etc/rc.d/rc2.d directory mean?
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
via the command line
rpmbuild
cat /proc/mdstat

44. What command can you use to view mounted Samba shares?
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
lvdisplay
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.

45. Samba servers can...
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
repquota
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
serve both files and printers to users

46. What is the virsh command used for?
browseable option
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.
alternatives --config mta
The virsh command is used to manage virtual guests.

47. What client-side command can you use to test your FTP server connection?
export one or all resources
ifconfig
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.

48. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - SELinux comes set up in enforcing mode. When installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - you have the option to...

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49. What are the three items that make up LVM?
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.

50. What port must be opened on the firewall for DNS?
DNS uses port 53.
The /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file is the main config file for the DHCP service.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
rpmbuild

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