RHCSA

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the /etc/hosts file used for?

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2. What command can you use to monitor and troubleshoot network connections?
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.
getfacl
The /etc/fstab file.


3. What is the superblock used for?
have the same effect
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.


4. What does the rdnc-confgen command do?
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.


5. What option is used to allow anonymous uploads to the FTP server?
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
Version 2 is the latest and most secure version of SSH.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.


6. What is the difference between an A record and a PTR record?
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.


7. How can you verify the status of the SSH service after the system has booted?
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
service sshd statuts
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.


8. What directory is used to represent the virtual file system created by the kernel?
enabled by default
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.


9. What three protocols can you use to perform network installations?
run on any port you'd like (provided that port is available)
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.


10. The default SMTP service has been changed from _________ to Postfix in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
service dhcpd configtest
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.
Sendmail


11. What three components are needed to fully automate a kickstart installation?
service httpd configtest
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.
getfacl
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.


12. What command is used to create a user for Samba?
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.


13. GRUB has three stages. Can you name them?
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
repquota
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l


14. To export directories as resources - what file needs to be edited?

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15. A slave DNS server provides...
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
load balancing and redundancy benefits
The four types of DNS servers are master - slave - caching-only - and forwarding.


16. If you want a specific action to take place when user01 logs in to the system - which file would you edit?
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
enabled by default


17. Which remote management service is installed by default?Can you name the port that it uses?
For Apache to run a secure site - the mod_ssl package is required to be installed.
The /etc/hosts file is a local lookup file used to map IP addresses to hostnames if a DNS server isn't available.
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
cat /proc/mdstat


18. Through its main config file - SSH can be configured to...

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19. What is the name of the section used to run scripts after a kickstart installation?
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.


20. What command can you use to view NFS statistics?
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.


21. How can virtual hosts be used?
atq
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
ifconfig


22. What port does the DHCP server listen on by default?
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
kickstart installations to work
rpcbind service
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.


23. What critical step must you take after updating the kernel to a newer version?
The /var/liv/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases file contains all clients IP address currently in use.
You can use the sudo command to run a command with elevated privileges provided you have the rights in the /etc/sudoers file.
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.


24. The ______________ for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 or 6 includes the use of LVM.
Enforcing during installation
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in
The htpasswd command can be used to password-protect a web page.


25. What is the difference between the update (-U) and install (-i) options when using rpm to update the kernel?
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.


26. What two commands are special for dealing with user login events?
By using centralized authentication - you don't need to re-create or maintain multiple accounts across every system in your organization.
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?


27. How would you view all Boolean options for the HTTP service?
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
getsebool -a | grep http
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.


28. What command would you use to create a group - to add the user George to the group?
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
run on any port you'd like (provided that port is available)
getsebool -a | grep http
Sendmail


29. Where are Yum repository config files located?
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.
cat /proc/mdstat


30. Can you name three utilities that can be used for network or DNS client troubleshooting?
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
DNS uses port 53.
Sendmail
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.


31. What does the testparm command do?
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.


32. What is the difference between an ext2 and ext3 file system?

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33. What are the two config files for Postfix called?
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
chkconfig sshd off
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.


34. Do you need to write changes to the disk when using the parted command? What about fdisk?
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.
alternatives --config mta
SSH is used for secure remote management of Linux systems.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.


35. What command is used to create an RPM package?
service sshd statuts
rpmbuild
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.


36. The virt-install package allows you to manage virtual machines _____________. The virt-manager package allows you to manage virtual machines via a GUI interface.
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in
via the command line
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.


37. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is the only version that officially supports _______
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.
serve both files and printers to users
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
LUKS encryption


38. What is the benefit of using public/private key authentication?

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39. What port must be opened on the firewall for DNS?
DNS uses port 53.
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
enabled by default


40. Which log file is used to keep track of policy violations?
browseable option
The /var/log/audit/audit.log file contains all policy violations.
chkconfig sshd off
By using centralized authentication - you don't need to re-create or maintain multiple accounts across every system in your organization.


41. What command can you use to query Boolean values?
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
chkconfig xinetd --list
getsebool
By using centralized authentication - you don't need to re-create or maintain multiple accounts across every system in your organization.


42. Is it possible to share files among groups - What permissions would you set on the directory to accomplish file sharing if possible?
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.
The /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file is the main config file for the DHCP service.


43. What is the biggest benefit to using LVM over basic partitions?
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in
via the command line
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
cat /proc/mdstat


44. What command do you use to report information on quota usage?
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
repquota


45. What command can be used to easily list all the options in the FTP main config file?
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.


46. What port on the firewall needs to be open for the TFTP server to work?
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.


47. What does S12rsyslog in the /etc/rc.d/rc2.d directory mean?
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
By using centralized authentication - you don't need to re-create or maintain multiple accounts across every system in your organization.
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.


48. What benefit does a web proxy provide to your network?
support for TCP Wrappers
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.
The /etc/fstab file.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.


49. How would you go about creating a static route?
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
amount of RAM
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
Enforcing during installation


50. What is a virtual host?
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l
A virtual host is a way of hosting multiple sites using a single IP address.
chcon