RHCSA

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. It is possible to run scripts before a kickstart installation. This is done by...
alternatives --config mta
defining a %pre section although it is rarely used
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.


2. Which file shows you all the client IP addresses?
The /var/liv/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases file contains all clients IP address currently in use.
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.


3. The INPUT chain being used is the default under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. This rule...
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
generates errors under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
The /etc/fstab file.
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.


4. What is the default port that Squid runs on?
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.


5. What command (and options) can be used to create a user named George with the description "Jr Admin"?
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George
amount of RAM
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.


6. Where are Yum repository config files located?
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.


7. How can you check the currently mounted file systems?
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.


8. Place all files you want added to a _______________ during creation.

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9. Can you name the two commands that can be used to view the free space on the system?
semanage boolean -l
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.


10. Do you need to write changes to the disk when using the parted command? What about fdisk?
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
defining a %pre section although it is rarely used
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.


11. What port does the DHCP server listen on by default?
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.


12. What command can you use to view the current ACL on a file?
enabled by default
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
getfacl


13. What directory is used to represent the virtual file system created by the kernel?
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
support TCP Wrappers


14. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - the default for SELinux is _______________ (which can be changed after the installation completes). For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - you were able to choose what mode you wanted SELinux to start in.
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
Enforcing during installation
The four types of DNS servers are master - slave - caching-only - and forwarding.


15. What is the name of the package that allows you to install VNC?
alternatives --config mta
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.


16. Should you allow remote root access - Why or why not?

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17. What command do you use to change the permissions on a file or directory - To change ownership?
amount of RAM
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.


18. What is the point of using SELinux?
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.
This command reboots virtual guest Client04.
getsebool
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.


19. What is the superblock used for?
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.


20. What command can you use to check the config file of the DHCP server?
Enforcing during installation
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.
chkconfig—list
service dhcpd configtest


21. Can you put your /boot partition on a RAID 5 array?
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.


22. What does it mean if you ping a host and you receive the response Destination Unreachable?
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
Enforcing during installation
service sshd statuts


23. How can you change the security context of a directory to work with Apache?
rpmbuild
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g


24. Explain the difference between soft and hard limits in quotas.

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25. By default - what is the path to a user's home directory?

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26. What option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables?
via the command line
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
DNS uses port 53.


27. What port does the rndc utility listen on by default?
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
ifconfig
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.


28. If a package is built on an RHEL6 system and deployed to a custom RHEL5 repository - are RHEL5 systems able to use it?
rpcbind service
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.


29. Most boot issues can be resolved by...
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
entering rescue mode and repairing the problem.
Public/private key authentication provides an additional layer of security because you need the correct key instead of just knowing someone's password. Passwords combined with public/private keys take the security one additional step.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.


30. What is the difference between an A record and a PTR record?
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
setsebool -P nfs_export_all_rw=1


31. What three commands can you use to help verify that the DNS server is functioning properly?
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.
Use the yum groupinstall command to install multiple packages in a single group at once.
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
By using centralized authentication - you don't need to re-create or maintain multiple accounts across every system in your organization.


32. What command can be used to easily list all the options in the FTP main config file?
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g


33. What are the three different types of RAID described in this chapter?
For Apache to run a secure site - the mod_ssl package is required to be installed.
export one or all resources
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).


34. What command can you use to create a file system?
mkfs.ext4
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
semanage boolean -l


35. What port does NFS use by default?
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
The /etc/exports file needs to contain any directory that you want to export - including which options you'd like to use as well.
getsebool


36. What is SSH used for?
ifconfig
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
SSH is used for secure remote management of Linux systems.


37. What command is used to create an RPM package?
enabled by default
rpmbuild
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.


38. How would you disable SELinux protection for NFS - allowing shares to be read/write?
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.
have the same effect
setsebool -P nfs_export_all_rw=1


39. What command is used to show all services being controlled by the xinetd daemon?
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.
Use the /usr/share/doc/dovecot-1.0.7/examples/mkcert.sh command after editing the /etc/pki/dovecot/dovecot-openssl.cnf file.
chkconfig xinetd --list
Enforcing during installation


40. What happens to jobs that are scheduled to run while the system is off?
When the system starts up again - the cron service will run any jobs that were missed while the system was off. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - the anacron service handles this functionality.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.


41. The at command is used to ____________. The cron service handles reoccurring system jobs.
schedule one-time-only jobs
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
amount of RAM
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.


42. What is the /etc/hosts file used for?

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43. What is the difference between the update (-U) and install (-i) options when using rpm to update the kernel?
getfacl
A large warning message appears indicating that the key doesn't match the host you are connecting to. You have to remove the key/host pair from the known_hosts file to proceed.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514


44. What option needs to be used with the mount command to mount an NFS resource?
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.


45. What is NAT - How is it used?
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.
Sendmail
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.


46. A service needs to have _______________ to be able to use it.
The file system where quotas will be implemented must be mounted with the usrquota and grpquota options before quotas will work properly.
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
support for TCP Wrappers
chkconfig xinetd --list


47. What command would you use to create a group - to add the user George to the group?
lvdisplay
Use the groupadd command to create a group. You can then add user George with the following: usermod -G <group name> George
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.


48. What is the main config file for the DHCP service?
getfacl
The /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file is the main config file for the DHCP service.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.


49. What are the three items that make up LVM?
The firewall rule is inserted into the fifth line of the iptables rules and opens up TCP port 80 (for the HTTP service) on the firewall to allow incoming connections.
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l


50. What are the side effects of shrinking a volume group or logical volume?
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.