RHCSA

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the rndc utility used for?
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
load balancing and redundancy benefits
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
have the same effect


2. What two commands are special for dealing with user login events?
service named configtest
generates errors under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.


3. How can you change the security context of a directory to work with Apache?
atq
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.


4. What are the two config files for Postfix called?
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
getsebool -a | grep http
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.


5. Should you allow remote root access - Why or why not?

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6. Before you work with ACLs - what do you need to do to the file system?
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George


7. What command can you use to view NFS statistics?
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
If you are a hosting company or want to run multiple websites/applications from a single IP address - you can use virtual hosts to accomplish this.
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
The nfsstat command can be used to view NFS statistics.


8. What is PAM used for?
alternatives --config mta
The /etc/exports file needs to contain any directory that you want to export - including which options you'd like to use as well.
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.


9. What command can you use to view mounted Samba shares?
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
The /etc/fstab file.


10. What command and option do you use to view the description of Boolean values?
semanage boolean -l
Sendmail
The last rule is always an implicit deny statement rejecting anything that wasn't matched by previous rules.
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.


11. Which version of SSH should you use?
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.
getsebool
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
Version 2 is the latest and most secure version of SSH.


12. The at command is used to ____________. The cron service handles reoccurring system jobs.
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.
schedule one-time-only jobs
This chapter described tdbsm and smbpasswd back-end authentication.
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).


13. What is the xinetd service used for?
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.


14. What is a swap? Is it created as a partition or device file?
A swap is scratch space on your file system used as virtual memory. A swap can be created as a partition or a device file.
semanage boolean -l
The TFTP server uses UDP port 69.
serve both files and printers to users


15. What is the name of the section used to run scripts after a kickstart installation?
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
The /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf file is the main config file for the DHCP service.
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.


16. What option at the GRUB boot menu can you use to append something to a kernel?
rpmbuild
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.


17. Is it possible to share files among groups - What permissions would you set on the directory to accomplish file sharing if possible?
The lastlog and faillog commands are used to view user login-related events?
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
browseable option
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).


18. What command can you use to test connectivity to another host?
browseable option
You should never allow remote root access. Should your root account become compromised and you use the same password - someone could gain access to all your systems. You also don't want the most powerful user of your system (with no accountability) l
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.


19. What command can be used to view the queue for at service jobs?
The four types of DNS servers are master - slave - caching-only - and forwarding.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
atq
user's home directory in the /etc/skel directory


20. What command can you use to monitor and troubleshoot network connections?
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.
You must open TCP ports 20 and 21 for the FTP server to function properly.
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.


21. What client-side command can you use to test your FTP server connection?
The lftp command can be used on a client to test FTP server connections.
This chapter described tdbsm and smbpasswd back-end authentication.
Use the ps command to view processes and their CPU usage.
Enforcing during installation


22. What command disables the SSH service from running when the system boots?
getfacl
getsebool
chkconfig sshd off
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.


23. Place all files you want added to a _______________ during creation.

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24. By default - what is the path to a user's home directory?

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25. What command is used to change the mail server from Sendmail to Postfix (useful only if you have both installed)?
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.
alternatives --config mta
service dhcpd configtest
The smbpasswd command is used to create Samba users.


26. What three protocols can you use to perform network installations?
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).


27. What is the superblock used for?
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
After you connect to a hypervisor - you can use virsh list —all to list all virtual guests.
The superblock is a structure that contains metadata of the file system. If this becomes corrupt - you are in trouble.
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.


28. What is the top command used for?
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
enabled by default
chkconfig—list
Use the top command to view CPU and memory usage.


29. A slave DNS server provides...
load balancing and redundancy benefits
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.


30. What command can you use to create your own repositories?
A user's home directory is created under the /home directory.
chkconfig sshd off
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.
createrepo


31. To export directories as resources - what file needs to be edited?

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32. The exportfs command is used to...
This command reboots virtual guest Client04.
export one or all resources
cat /proc/mdstat
semanage boolean -l


33. What command can you use to query information from the kernel about RAID arrays?
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
Sendmail
The anonymous_enable=YES option in the main config file allows anonymous uploads.
cat /proc/mdstat


34. The package selection screen allows you to install any software you want during the installation process as long as...
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
Sendmail


35. What port does the rndc utility listen on by default?
atq
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George


36. To grow a file system
Use the resize2fs command to grow a file system.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo


37. What benefit does a web proxy provide to your network?
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
support for TCP Wrappers
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.


38. What command can you use to view the current ACL on a file?
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
getfacl
Enforcing during installation
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g


39. Runlevel 0 ___________. Runlevel 6 reboots the system.
halts the system
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.
amount of RAM
Using the host option in the dhcpd.conf file allows you to reserve a client IP address based on its MAC address.


40. What are the three items that make up LVM?
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.


41. How would you go about creating a static route?
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
The SSH service is almost always installed by default in Red Hat. It uses TCP port 22 - and this port is open on the default firewall rules.
You can use the sudo command to run a command with elevated privileges provided you have the rights in the /etc/sudoers file.


42. What command can be used to easily list all the options in the FTP main config file?
The smbstatus command shows you currently mounted Samba resources.
Public/private key authentication provides an additional layer of security because you need the correct key instead of just knowing someone's password. Passwords combined with public/private keys take the security one additional step.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.


43. What is the benefit to using centralized authentication?

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44. Which file contains all messages generated during installation that can be used for troubleshooting if the need arises?
chkconfig xinetd --list
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
chkconfig sshd off


45. What command can you use to validate the syntax of the Apache config file?
service httpd configtest
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.
defining a %pre section although it is rarely used
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.


46. What three commands can you use to help verify that the DNS server is functioning properly?
The rndc utility provides a method for managing the DNS server remotely and securely.
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
used for kickstart and/or network installs
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.


47. What port does the DHCP server listen on by default?
The DHCP server listens on port 67 by default.
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
support TCP Wrappers


48. What command is used to create an RPM package?
rpmbuild
kickstart installations to work
used for kickstart and/or network installs
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.


49. What does it mean if you ping a host and you receive the response Destination Unreachable?
load balancing and redundancy benefits
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
The install.log.syslog file contains messages that are generated during the installation. If you run into trouble during the installation - this is a good place to start.
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.


50. What are the side effects of shrinking a volume group or logical volume?
Upstart. The Upstart utility is now used in the boot process for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
If you shrink a volume group or logical volume - there is a chance you could lose data depending on how much you shrink the volume.
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.