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RHCSA

Subjects : certifications, it-skills, rhcsa

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The ______________ for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 or 6 includes the use of LVM.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
Enforcing during installation
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.

2. What does ifconfig 172.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 eth1 do?
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
The gateway is incorrectly set - and the subnet of the host you are trying to reach is inaccessible.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.
schedule one-time-only jobs

3. Explain the difference between soft and hard limits in quotas.

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4. If you want a specific action to take place when user01 logs in to the system - which file would you edit?
schedule one-time-only jobs
You add your action to the end of the /home/user01/.bashrc file.
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.

5. What command (and options) can be used to create a user named George with the description "Jr Admin"?
kickstart installations to work
The user_list file can be used to limit which users have access to the FTP server.
useradd -c "Jr Admin" George
Network installations can be performed using the HTTP - FTP - and NFS protocols.

6. What happens if you call the command from question 3 with the -c option after it has already been run?
load balancing and redundancy benefits
A large warning message appears indicating that the key doesn't match the host you are connecting to. You have to remove the key/host pair from the known_hosts file to proceed.
RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 1 (Mirror) - and RAID 5 (Striping with parity).
The file that stores usernames and their encrypted passwords is erased and replaced with a new file.

7. What command and option can you use to enable a service to start on boot?
Use the chkconfig command to enable or disable services during the boot process. The on option enables the service and off disables it.
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.

8. How can you change the security context of a directory to work with Apache?
When the system enters into runlevel 2 - the rsyslog service has a priority of 12 when starting. Anything with a lower number (or the same number and lower first letter) starts before the rsyslog service.
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
DNS uses port 53.
When the system starts up again - the cron service will run any jobs that were missed while the system was off. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - the anacron service handles this functionality.

9. If a package is built on an RHEL6 system and deployed to a custom RHEL5 repository - are RHEL5 systems able to use it?
No. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 uses a different key to sign its packages.
amount of RAM
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in

10. How can you verify the status of the SSH service after the system has booted?
The service command is used to start - stop - and manage system services.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
repquota
service sshd statuts

11. What option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables?
Use the setgid flag to create the appropriate permissions (chmod 2770).
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
SELinux provides enhanced granular security for the Linux operating system.

12. Can you name the two commands that can be used to view the free space on the system?
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.
The /etc/fstab file.
The virsh command is used to manage virtual guests.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.

13. What command and options can you use to update the time?
DNS uses port 53.
After the ntpd service is stopped - you can use the ntpdate <server> command to update/sync the time.
Yum repository config files (.repo files) are located in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. You can also make direct entries into the main /etc/yum.conf file.
SELinux Booleans provide restrictions to different aspects of a service.

14. What commands can you use to add a client machine to an LDAP server?
You can use the authconfig-tui command or the authconfig command.
Sendmail
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
A gateway is used as an entry and exit point for a subnet on a network. To contact hosts outside your subnet - you need to pass through a gateway.

15. Before you work with ACLs - what do you need to do to the file system?
The file system where ACLs will be implemented must be mounted with the acl option before ACLs will work properly.
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
The five directories are BUILD - RPMS - SOURCES - SPECS - and SRPMS.
kickstart installations to work

16. How can you check the currently mounted file systems?
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.

17. What two commands are used for package management?
service named configtest
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.
The yum and rpm commands are used for package management.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.

18. What command do you use to change the permissions on a file or directory - To change ownership?
getsebool
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.
The ping command can be used to verify connectivity to another host.
The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories. The chown command is used to change the ownership of files and directories.

19. What options with the yum command would you use to remove a package?
You can use the remove or erase options with yum to remove a package.
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.
enabled by default
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g

20. What port must be opened on the firewall for DNS?
DNS uses port 53.
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.
The testparm command allows you to check for syntax errors in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file.
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.

21. It is possible to run scripts before a kickstart installation. This is done by...
schedule one-time-only jobs
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
The tcpdump command is used to monitor network connections on different interfaces.
defining a %pre section although it is rarely used

22. What is the name of the section used to run scripts after a kickstart installation?
kickstart installations to work
By defining a %post section - you can run scripts after a kickstart installation is complete.
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
The /etc/sysctl.conf file maintains a list of custom kernel parameters that should be applied during system boot.

23. What are the three items that make up LVM?
The dig - host - and ping commands can be used to test DNS server functionality.
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
An ext3 file system has journaling built in to it - whereas the ext2 file system doesn't.
Physical volumes - volume groups - and logical volumes.

24. What is the xinetd service used for?
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.
When the system starts up again - the cron service will run any jobs that were missed while the system was off. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - the anacron service handles this functionality.
alternatives --config mta

25. What is the biggest benefit to using LVM over basic partitions?
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
Enforcing during installation
ifconfig

26. What does the rdnc-confgen command do?
The rdnc-confgen command generates an rndc.conf file for the rndc utility.
kickstart installations to work
browseable option
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.

27. What does the partprobe command do?
generates errors under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
repquota
The partprobe command forces the kernel to reread the partition table. You should always call it after making any changes to your system partitions.
You should never use the -U option because it erases the prior kernel when updating. This leaves you with no fallback kernel should your system not boot properly.

28. What command displays your current interfaces and IP address?
choose which mode you'd like it to operate in
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo
This command sets the eth1 interface to have a static IP address of 172.168.1.100 with a netmask of 255.255.255.0.
ifconfig

29. What is the difference between an ext2 and ext3 file system?

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30. What is the top command used for?
Use the top command to view CPU and memory usage.
Use the route command with the add option to create a static route.
mkfs.ext4
The xinetd daemon is used to control and/or run multiple system services. One example is a TFTP server.

31. The virt-install package allows you to manage virtual machines _____________. The virt-manager package allows you to manage virtual machines via a GUI interface.
via the command line
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
schedule one-time-only jobs
Stage 1: During this stage - the primary bootloader is read into memory by the BIOS from the MBR. Stage 1.5: During this stage - the bootloader is read into memory by the stage 1 bootloader (only if necessary). Stage 2: During this stage - the bootlo

32. What command is used to change the mail server from Sendmail to Postfix (useful only if you have both installed)?
SELinux Booleans provide restrictions to different aspects of a service.
alternatives --config mta
Version 2 is the latest and most secure version of SSH.
The /proc directory. The /proc/sys directory is the place where you actually tune kernel parameters.

33. What benefit does a web proxy provide to your network?
A web proxy can provide multiple benefits - including security - web page caching for faster load times - and load balancing.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.
When you exit the parted utility - all your changes are automatically written to disk. With the fdisk command - you need to manually write your changes to disk for them to take effect.
createrepo

34. What command disables the SSH service from running when the system boots?
LUKS encryption
chkconfig sshd off
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.

35. What command can you use to query Boolean values?
getsebool
lvdisplay
By entering the GRUB boot menu - you can choose the a option to append something to the kernel command-line options.
By default - Squid runs on port 3128.

36. What command can be used to easily list all the options in the FTP main config file?
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
getsebool
The grep -v ^# /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf command shows you all the options currently being used with the FTP server.
The du and df commands are used to view available space on the system.

37. What command can you use to create your own repositories?
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
cat /proc/mdstat
LUKS encryption
createrepo

38. What three components are needed to fully automate a kickstart installation?
Sendmail
rpcbind service
Using the chcon command - you can change the context of a file to work with Apache.
By combining a TFTP server - PXE boot - and DHCP server - you can fully automate the kickstart installation process.

39. What command-line program can you use to check your mail?
Typing the mail or mutt command allows you to read mail from the command line.
You must ensure that the /boot/grub/grub.conf file has the new entry for your newly updated kernel to be able to boot into it.
A soft limit acts like an alarm - signaling you when you are reaching your limit. If you don't specify a grace period - the soft limit is the max. A hard limit is required only when a grace period exists. It is the max limit you can hit before your g
load balancing and redundancy benefits

40. The INPUT chain being used is the default under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. This rule...
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.
Enforcing during installation
Uncomment the following line in the /etc/rsyslog.conf file: #$ModLoad imudp.so #$UDPServerRun 514
generates errors under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

41. What protocols are used with Dovecot?
run on any port you'd like (provided that port is available)
The rpm command can operate in install - query - or verify modes.
The format of the /etc/shadow file is <username>:<encrypted password>:<last passwd change>:<min>:<max>:<warn>:<inactive>:<expires>:<not used>.
Dovecot supports the POP3 - POP3S - IMAP - and IMAPS protocols.

42. What is a virtual host?
This is actually a trick question because the answer could go either way. In this chapter - we discussed only software RAID setups - in which case the answer is no. If - however - you were using a hardware RAID 5 - the answer would be yes.
PAM is used as a modular way to leverage security. In this chapter - the main function we discussed was for managing password policies and complexity.
A virtual host is a way of hosting multiple sites using a single IP address.
The mount command lists all currently mounted file systems.

43. What is the name of the package that allows you to install VNC?
The VNC package for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 is tiger-vnc.
Version 2 is the latest and most secure version of SSH.
The /etc/hosts file is a local lookup file used to map IP addresses to hostnames if a DNS server isn't available.
You have the flexibility to resize and add new volumes on the fly. With basic partitions - any time that you want to make a change - you need to destroy the partition and create it again.

44. The package selection screen allows you to install any software you want during the installation process as long as...
chkconfig xinetd --list
The -t nfs option is used with the mount command to mount NFS resources.
you have access to the correct packages or repositories.
enabled by default

45. What option would you use to query an installed package using the rpm command?
getfacl
The two main config files are master.cf and main.cf.
createrepo
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.

46. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 - the default for SELinux is _______________ (which can be changed after the installation completes). For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - you were able to choose what mode you wanted SELinux to start in.
Enforcing during installation
The SMTP service runs on TCP port 110.
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.
Network address translation (NAT) maintains a table that allows the use of multiple internal IP addresses to a multiple public IP address (called address translation). It can also be used for one-to-one or one-to-many relationships as well.

47. What command can you use to validate the syntax of the Apache config file?
support for TCP Wrappers
service httpd configtest
The print option is used with both the fdisk and parted commands to display the current partition tables.
The vsftpd package is used to install an FTP server.

48. What port does the Apache web server run on - What about HTTPS?
Kickstart supports both basic and advanced partitioning (RAID/LVM).
Apache uses port 80 for HTTP and port 443 for HTTPS.
When the system starts up again - the cron service will run any jobs that were missed while the system was off. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 - the anacron service handles this functionality.
The /var/lib/nfs/etab file is used to keep track of currently exported resources.

49. What is VNC?
An A record translates translated hostnames to IP addresses - and a PTR record works the other way around.
VNC is used to control a remote desktop session.
The /etc/fstab file.
You can use the -q option to query an installed package. Combining grep and the -qa options - you can search among all installed packages on the system.

50. What port does the rndc utility listen on by default?
By default - the rndc utility listens on port 953.
The NFS service uses TCP port 2049 by default.
The three utilities are: route - ping - and nslookup.
createrepo

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