Test your basic knowledge |

SAT Essay Logical Fallacies

Subjects : sat, english, writing-skills
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prejudging an individual based on ideas one has about the group the individual belongs to






2. Logical reasoning that establishes specific facts or contentions leading to a general conclusion






3. Reasoning by Proof: absence of evidence is not evidence; he didn't say that... so it must be false






4. Fallacy that asserts that given two positions - there exists a compromise between them which must be correct.






5. Appeal to the reader's emotions






6. Generalization: an argument that ignores all unfavorable evidence






7. Common knowledge or beliefs readers accept as true






8. Condemning an argument because of where it began - how it began - or who began it






9. Introducing an irrelevant point to divert readers' attention from the main issue being discussed






10. Reasoning by Proof: an argument that because someone worked hard at something - their conclusions must be right






11. Trying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea






12. Appeal based on the credibility of the author






13. Writer encourages readers to accept a conclusion without any support






14. Information gained from personal experience representing a general pattern






15. Generalization: Assumes that an individual must have a characteristic because the group to which he or she belongs supposedly has that characteristic






16. Everybody knows fallacy. Asserts that some idea is common knowledge - so it must be true.






17. The use by a speaker of coded language that appears to mean one thing to the general population but has a different (and negative) meaning for a targeted subgroup of the audience.






18. Does the evidence prove the point being argued? Is this authority an expert on this particular topic?






19. Cause and Effect: claim than an event with more than one cause has only one cause






20. Have all reasonable alternatives been considered/eliminated? Does this author attack the other views in a fair way?






21. Any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue






22. Is there a reasonable connection between the cause and the effect? Is that connection explained? Are there other possible causes that have not been considered?






23. Analogy or comparison that is not logically consistent






24. Information that is an interpretation of numerical data






25. 'Against the man' attacking the person or group to which you are opposed rather than addressing the issue






26. Ambiguity or multiplicity of interpretations of a repeated word or phrase






27. Reasoning by Debate: In an argument - this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning 'against the man.'






28. Information based on personal interpretation of facts






29. Reasoning by Debate: A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist






30. 'it does not follow' drawing a conclusion or making a transition that is not a logical result of the facts






31. Statements that are intentionally vague so that the audience may supply its own interpretations






32. 'To the authority' appeal based on the authority of a source






33. False transitive property - you assume that just because two things share a characteristic - all of their characteristics are shared: - 'penguins are black and white - old tv shows are black and white - therefore penguins are old tv shows'






34. Appeal to the the pity - sympathy or 'misery' of the audience






35. 'After this therefore because of this' implying that because on event follows another - the first caused the second






36. Stating the only two interpretations of actions are alternatives - ignoring any compromise or moderate course






37. Reasoning by Proof: the evidence offered does not really support the claim. Non Sequitur (It does not follow)






38. Cause and Effect: A fallacy that assumes that because two variables are correlated (happen at the same time) that one must have caused the other






39. Obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue






40. Generalization: Assumes that members of a group must have a characteristic because one or more of its members has that characteristic.






41. Appeal to reason






42. Claiming that one step in the wrong direction will lead to another - potentially disastrous consequence






43. Drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence; using all instances when only some apply






44. Generalization: drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence






45. Information that can be objectively proven as true






46. How similar or how different are the cases being compared? How many point of comparison is the arguer using?






47. Information the writer asserts as being the result of an event






48. How large is the sample size? How representative is the sample?






49. Cause and Effect: Assuming that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident






50. Citing an expert on one subject as expert on another