Test your basic knowledge |

SAT Essay Logical Fallacies

Subjects : sat, english, writing-skills
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reasoning by Proof: the evidence offered does not really support the claim. Non Sequitur (It does not follow)






2. Information that can be objectively proven as true






3. Cause and Effect: claim than an event with more than one cause has only one cause






4. Reasoning by Proof: A fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a person or institution.






5. Have all reasonable alternatives been considered/eliminated? Does this author attack the other views in a fair way?






6. Obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue






7. Reasoning by Debate: When a writer argues against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak. Setting up a straw man diverts attention from the real issues.






8. How similar or how different are the cases being compared? How many point of comparison is the arguer using?






9. Ambiguity or multiplicity of interpretations of a repeated word or phrase






10. How large is the sample size? How representative is the sample?






11. Generalization: Assumes that members of a group must have a characteristic because one or more of its members has that characteristic.






12. Appeal to reason






13. 'it does not follow' drawing a conclusion or making a transition that is not a logical result of the facts






14. Generalization: an argument that ignores all unfavorable evidence






15. Cause and Effect: Assuming that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident






16. Does the evidence prove the point being argued? Is this authority an expert on this particular topic?






17. Drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence; using all instances when only some apply






18. Information gained from personal experience representing a general pattern






19. Generalization: Assumes that an individual must have a characteristic because the group to which he or she belongs supposedly has that characteristic






20. Appeal to the reader's emotions






21. The use by a speaker of coded language that appears to mean one thing to the general population but has a different (and negative) meaning for a targeted subgroup of the audience.






22. Condemning an argument because of where it began - how it began - or who began it






23. Reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case






24. Reasoning by Debate: A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist






25. Is there a reasonable connection between the cause and the effect? Is that connection explained? Are there other possible causes that have not been considered?






26. Appeal to the the pity - sympathy or 'misery' of the audience






27. 'To the people' appeal to the prejudices of the audience - or claiming that (or a majority) supports your opinion






28. Logical reasoning that establishes specific facts or contentions leading to a general conclusion






29. False transitive property - you assume that just because two things share a characteristic - all of their characteristics are shared: - 'penguins are black and white - old tv shows are black and white - therefore penguins are old tv shows'






30. Common knowledge or beliefs readers accept as true






31. Citing an expert on one subject as expert on another






32. Statements that are intentionally vague so that the audience may supply its own interpretations






33. Reasoning by Proof: an argument that because someone worked hard at something - their conclusions must be right






34. Analogy or comparison that is not logically consistent






35. 'Against the man' attacking the person or group to which you are opposed rather than addressing the issue






36. Any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue






37. Reasoning by Proof: absence of evidence is not evidence; he didn't say that... so it must be false






38. When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. i.e. People choose what laws they obey. The Law of Gravity is a law. I choose to disobey the law of gravity.






39. Claiming that one step in the wrong direction will lead to another - potentially disastrous consequence






40. Information the writer asserts as being the result of an event






41. Fallacy that asserts that given two positions - there exists a compromise between them which must be correct.






42. A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented






43. Stating the only two interpretations of actions are alternatives - ignoring any compromise or moderate course






44. Generalization: drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence






45. Concealing the author's true intent - belief - or attitude towards an issue






46. Trying to prove one idea with another idea that is too similar to the first idea






47. 'After this therefore because of this' implying that because on event follows another - the first caused the second






48. Introducing an irrelevant point to divert readers' attention from the main issue being discussed






49. Appeal based on the credibility of the author






50. 'To the authority' appeal based on the authority of a source