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SAT Subject Test: Physics Formulas

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Right-hand rule
Apparent weight = Fb- weight= (mfg) - (m0g) = (mass of displaced fluid gravity) - (initial mass of object while hanging in air gravity) = (DfVfg)- (DoVog)
Fingers= Magnetic Field - Thumb=Velocity - Palm of hand= Force. RH=Proton - LH= electron.
1.67*10?²7kg
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)

2. Heat formula
PEspring= 1/2 kx² (K is spring constant - X is distance spring compressed)
Q=mc?T (where T is temperature)
The incident angle at which total internal reflection occurs (use ?r=90°)
N?/ d= x/L (where x =distance between c and the anti-node - L =distance from screen to source - n=number anti-node - and d = distance between the slits)

3. Binding energy explanation
F= (9/5)C+ 32
Energy it takes to break a nucleus into separate protons and neutrons (same as energy lost to create atom.)
Proton--> Neutron + positron (+ electron-neutrino - v) (° +1 e is produced)
KE= (Y-1)mc² (= (Y-1)E)

4. ß? decay?
Induced current will flow opposite direction of magnetic flux.
Large/high
931MeV=1amu
Proton--> Neutron + positron (+ electron-neutrino - v) (° +1 e is produced)

5. High frequency wave shave...
Shorter ? - less diffraction - bigger shadow.
A=v²/ r
?Tstationary= Y (?Tmoving)
K= 9 * 10? Nm²/C²

6. Beat frequency
Induced current will flow opposite direction of magnetic flux.
Difference between mass of nucleus and sum of it's constituent nucleons (protons/neutrons ...WHY?) energy lost when atom created. (That energy lost is the same energy it takes to break a nucleus into separate protons and neutrons)
Beat frequency= |F1-F2|
The volume of the object.

7. Correction factor for wavelength in a diffraction experiment (probably don't have to know)
Law of inertia. Object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
?= 4L + 1.6d
En= [Z²/n² * -13.6ev ] (Z is number of protons in atom's nucleus - n is energy level number)
Neutron --> Proton + electron ( + electron-antineutrino - V with line over it) ( °?1e produced)

8. Relativistic formula for length
?IE= - W (work)
Fb= Bperp-to-areaAcos? (Measures density of magnetic field lines that cross through an area)
Momentum is always conserved in the absence of an outside force
Length stationary=Length moving/Y

9. Efficiency of an engine formula
N= C/velocity.
Eff= 1- Qc/Qh = 1- Tc/Th
Zero.
The volume of the object.

10. OPEN PIPE FREQUENCY (Frequency/Harmonic series of a pipe opened at both ends)
A= A0 e ^ [-?t] (= activity at time t=0 e ^ ( - decay constant * time)
S= 1/2at² + v0t+ d0 (intial distance is often ignored because we decide where we want to start)
F= n * vel/2L n= 1 - 2 - 3... (L= length of pipe) (?=2L/n)
A=v²/ r

11. Centripetal force formula
G= 6.67 * 10?¹¹ Nm²/kg²
Proton--> Neutron + positron (+ electron-neutrino - v) (° +1 e is produced)
Large/high
F=mv²/ r

12. Graviational force formula
V=IR
N= C/velocity.
F=GM1M2/r²
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)

13. deBroglie wavelength explanation
En= [Z²/n² * -13.6ev ] (Z is number of protons in atom's nucleus - n is energy level number)
Atom + electron--> Neutron (the addition of an electron - °?1e - causes a proton to change into a neutron - i.e. PROTON TRANSFORMS)
Particles in motion can display wave characteristics - and behave as if they had wavelength (?= h/p)
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d

14. Formula for resistance of an OBJECT
Eff= 1- Qc/Qh = 1- Tc/Th
PE= 1/2 C (?V)² = 1/2 Q²/C = 1/2 Q?V
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)
Vfinal= V0 +at

15. Newton's second law
Ebinding= ?m * c² (= (?m)c²)
Product of each lens's magnification
1/f= 1/di + 1/do
Fnet=ma

16. Electric field between two plates formula?
KEmax= hf-F (= E-F= Energy of a photon - work function)
Threshold frequency=F/h (= work functions/planck's constant)
I=mr²
E= V/d

17. Elastic potential energy for a spring formula
PEspring= 1/2 kx² (K is spring constant - X is distance spring compressed)
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)
F= (9/5)C+ 32
EMFavg. induced= -?Fb/ ?t (= - change in mag flux/change in time)

18. Maximum KE with which an emitted electron leaves is...?
The incident angle at which total internal reflection occurs (use ?r=90°)
I=mr²
KEmax= hf-F (= E-F= Energy of a photon - work function)
Vfinal= V0 +at

19. Work performed by charge displacement? (hopefully...won't have to know)
W= - kq1q2 (1/r2 - 1/r1)
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)
?V2/?V1= N2/N1 (if secondary greater than primary it's a step-up transformer).
Beat frequency= |F1-F2|

20. Centripetal acceleration formula
A=v²/ r
Q= [(mass of A + mass of B) - (mass of C + mass of D)] c² (where A+B-->C+D)
Minimum frequency that needs to illuminate a metal surface for photoELECTRONS to be emitted
Zero.

21. Buoyant force formula
Fb= mass of displaced fluid * gravity
Apparent weight = Fb- weight= (mfg) - (m0g) = (mass of displaced fluid gravity) - (initial mass of object while hanging in air gravity) = (DfVfg)- (DoVog)
En= [Z²/n² * -13.6ev ] (Z is number of protons in atom's nucleus - n is energy level number)
F= (9/5)C+ 32

22. Conversion factor from atomic mass units to MeV?
931MeV=1amu
Threshold frequency=F/h (= work functions/planck's constant)
?=h/p (where p= MOMENTUM=m?v - and h is planck's constant)
?p=f?t (where f is AVERAGE force and t is how long force is applied)

23. Formula for electric potential energy?
K= 9 * 10? Nm²/C²
PE= 1/2 C (?V)² = 1/2 Q²/C = 1/2 Q?V
P=mv (?p=m?v)
Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection

24. Kinetic Energy formula
V= 331 m/s + (.6 m/s°C)Temperature
PE=mgh
KE=1/2mv²
The volume of the object.

25. Law of reflection
Energy of emitted photon = E2-E1 (=Energy level higher- Energy level lower)
Neutron --> Proton + electron ( + electron-antineutrino - V with line over it) ( °?1e produced)
Difference between mass of nucleus and sum of it's constituent nucleons (protons/neutrons ...WHY?) energy lost when atom created. (That energy lost is the same energy it takes to break a nucleus into separate protons and neutrons)
Angle of incidence=Angle of reflection

26. Low frequency waves have...
Longer ? - larger diffraction - smaller shadow.
Torque=force perpendicular to radius r = fr Toruqe=Ia = inertia * angular acceleration
Minimum frequency that needs to illuminate a metal surface for photoELECTRONS to be emitted
Minimal energy that needs to be imparted to an electron on metal surface in order to liberate it.

27. Velocity formula if time not given
Vfinal²=V0²+ 2ad
Threshold frequency=F/h (= work functions/planck's constant)
F= n * vel./ 4L n= 1 - 3 - 5.... (L= length of pipe) (?=4L/n)
V= 331 m/s + (.6 m/s°C)Temperature

28. Relativistic formula for time
?Tstationary= Y (?Tmoving)
?=h/p (where p= MOMENTUM=m?v - and h is planck's constant)
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d
N= C/velocity.

29. Voltage formula (for circuit - etc.)
V=IR
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d
PE= 1/2 C (?V)² = 1/2 Q²/C = 1/2 Q?V
KE= (Y-1)mc² (= (Y-1)E)

30. Distance formula?
PE= 1/2 C (?V)² = 1/2 Q²/C = 1/2 Q?V
The incident angle at which total internal reflection occurs (use ?r=90°)
F=mv²/ r
Distance= velocity * time

31. Power formula?
Vfinal²=V0²+ 2ad
A= A0 e ^ [-?t] (= activity at time t=0 e ^ ( - decay constant * time)
Momentum is always conserved in the absence of an outside force
P=IV=I²R=V² /R = Fd/t= Force*velocity

32. (Full/Final) Velocity formula
Eff= 1- Qc/Qh = 1- Tc/Th
Vfinal= V0 +at
C= 3*108 m/s
E= V/d

33. Light intensity is proportional to..
Intensity a Amplitude/ d²
Positive - focus in front of the lens (=real image)
F= (9/5)C+ 32
Beat frequency= |F1-F2|

34. Electric force formula? (two)
Felec=qE=[kq1q2]/r²
F=GM1M2/r²
1.67*10?²7kg
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d

35. Sign of focus for concave lens?
Intensity a Amplitude/ d²
Positive - focus in front of the lens (=real image)
R= ?L/A = (resistivity)(length of wire) / (cross sectional Area)
Ebinding= ?m * c² (= (?m)c²)

36. Magnification equation
PV=nRT (p= pressure - V= volume - n= number of moles - T= temperature in KELVIN - R= .0821)
Q= [(mass of A + mass of B) - (mass of C + mass of D)] c² (where A+B-->C+D)
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d
M= -di/do (=-hi/ho)

37. K constant for electric field formula?
Shorter ? - less diffraction - bigger shadow.
K= 9 * 10? Nm²/C²
The release of electrons due to bombardment of an atom by photons (groups of quanta/bundles of matter)
F= n * vel./ 4L n= 1 - 3 - 5.... (L= length of pipe) (?=4L/n)

38. mass of a proton/neutron (there's a slight difference but ignore it - neutron has slightly more mass)
Energy it takes to break a nucleus into separate protons and neutrons (same as energy lost to create atom.)
PV/nT'= p'V'n'T' (p=pressure - V= VOLUME - T= temperature)
1.67*10?²7kg
Torque=force perpendicular to radius r = fr Toruqe=Ia = inertia * angular acceleration

39. ß? decay?
PE= 1/2 C (?V)² = 1/2 Q²/C = 1/2 Q?V
1.67*10?²7kg
Neutron --> Proton + electron ( + electron-antineutrino - V with line over it) ( °?1e produced)
The volume of the object.

40. Formula for velocity of waves?
C= 3*108 m/s
Voltage=PE/q (remember Joules/Coulomb= volt)
Energy of emitted photon = E2-E1 (=Energy level higher- Energy level lower)
V=f?

41. Formula for magnetic flux?
Fb= Bperp-to-areaAcos? (Measures density of magnetic field lines that cross through an area)
F= n * vel/2L n= 1 - 2 - 3... (L= length of pipe) (?=2L/n)
Etotal= E rest + KE= mc² + (Y-1)mc²
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d

42. Electron capture
Force magnetic= |q|vBsin? (=qVperpendicularB) (?= angle between v and B)
The incident angle at which total internal reflection occurs (use ?r=90°)
Felec=qE=[kq1q2]/r²
Atom + electron--> Neutron (the addition of an electron - °?1e - causes a proton to change into a neutron - i.e. PROTON TRANSFORMS)

43. Ideal gas law
PV=nRT (p= pressure - V= volume - n= number of moles - T= temperature in KELVIN - R= .0821)
4.14 10?¹5 eVs
Induced current will flow opposite direction of magnetic flux.
A= A0 e ^ [-?t] (= activity at time t=0 e ^ ( - decay constant * time)

44. Newton's first law (Law of...)
S= 1/2at² + v0t+ d0 (intial distance is often ignored because we decide where we want to start)
PV=nRT (p= pressure - V= volume - n= number of moles - T= temperature in KELVIN - R= .0821)
Negative - focus behind the lens (= virtual image)
Law of inertia. Object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

45. Voltage formula (think units of volts are what?) (NOT in terms of I and R)
Eff= 1- Qc/Qh = 1- Tc/Th
Product of each lens's magnification
W=(Force parallel)(distance)= Pressure ? V (change in volume)= qvoltage
Voltage=PE/q (remember Joules/Coulomb= volt)

46. Formula for diffraction pattern - Anti-node to Anti-node (A-A)
W=qVoltage. (think C* J/C and C's cancel out)
N?/ d= x/L (where x =distance between c and the anti-node - L =distance from screen to source - n=number anti-node - and d = distance between the slits)
The volume of the object.
Force magnetic= |q|vBsin? (=qVperpendicularB) (?= angle between v and B)

47. Formula for electric field?
Y= 1/ v(1-(v/c)²)
EMFavg. induced= -?Fb/ ?t (= - change in mag flux/change in time)
E= kq/r² (= f/q)
N?/ d= x/L (where x =distance between c and the anti-node - L =distance from screen to source - n=number anti-node - and d = distance between the slits)

48. ONE END CAPPED PIPE FREQUENCY (Frequency/Harmonic series of a pipe closed at one ned)
F= n * vel./ 4L n= 1 - 3 - 5.... (L= length of pipe) (?=4L/n)
Force magnetic= |q|vBsin? (=qVperpendicularB) (?= angle between v and B)
Atom + electron--> Neutron (the addition of an electron - °?1e - causes a proton to change into a neutron - i.e. PROTON TRANSFORMS)
PE=mgh

49. Moment of Inertia (a.k.a. rotational mass)
Minimum frequency that needs to illuminate a metal surface for photoELECTRONS to be emitted
I=mr²
PEspring= 1/2 kx² (K is spring constant - X is distance spring compressed)
C= Q/V = e0 *A/d

50. Index of refraction formula
?V2/?V1= N2/N1 (if secondary greater than primary it's a step-up transformer).
N= C/velocity.
K= 9 * 10? Nm²/C²
Longer ? - larger diffraction - smaller shadow.

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SAT Subject Test: Physics Formulas

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