Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Risk Priority Number RPN
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is

2. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

3. Failure effect
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
Is the consequence of the failure.
10 if Almost impossible to detect
Critical to quality.

4. In Juran's Cost of Quality model - which categories of costs balance which other categories?
The House of Quality.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
X-bar-bar
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.

5. What is the role of a black belt?
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.

6. What does the abbreviation LCL stand for?
Controlling quality at the source.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v
Lower control limit.

7. What is a histogram?
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.

8. FMEA
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
Fitness for use.

9. What are two other names for an Ishikawa diagram?
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables

10. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

11. Process check sheets
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).

12. Who first studied randomness in industrial processes
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
Walter A. Shewhart
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
X-bar-bar

13. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 5?
Fitness for use.
Lean (or JIT).
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Defects Per Million Opportunities

14. FMEA
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
99.73%
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Variable.

15. Uses of regression - Control
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Outside.
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality

16. Taguchi's experimental designs are of this type.
Causes that lead to a particular effect.
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.

17. What is written on the "spines" of a fishbone diagram?
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
Causes that lead to a particular effect.
Brand image.
Central Limit Theorem

18. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
They move closer to the center line.
Taguchi
To manage the Six Sigma project.
It's good -- but it's still out of control!

19. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.

20. Pareto Analysis
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
It's good -- but it's still out of control!

21. What are the four regression assumptions?
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
No -- only if the process is also capable.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

22. Non-random patterns (Run Charts)
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
5%
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events

23. What is the 5S model?
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Upper control limit.

24. What type of risk is associated with Type 1 Error?
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Taguchi
Producer risk.
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)

25. What is CTQ?
Rapid improvement process.
Mean time to failure.
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
Critical to quality.

26. Why do you need two control charts for variables SPC?
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:

27. Which type of SPC measurement is more precise - variable or attribute?
The US national quality award.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
Variable.

28. What is a dashboard?
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.

29. What does Crosby say about benchmarking?
Workers - machines - materials.
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Not necessarily.
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"

30. Failure cause
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Is what induces the failure
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
Variable.

31. With Six Sigma capability - how many defects per million opportunities would you see?
Conformance to specifications.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)

32. Who is a process owner?
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
The Japanese national quality award.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

33. What do you do when a process is out of control?
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
Lower control limit.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.

34. What is the role of a master black belt?
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

35. TWO-DIMENTIONAL SCATTER PLOT
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
Kaoru Ishikawa.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper

36. List two components of external failure.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v
Critical to quality.

37. Defect location check sheets
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"
Inventory = throughput x flow time.

38. An SPC chart shows no points outside the control limits. Does this mean the process is in control?
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."

39. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 3 standard deviations from the mean?
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Before production starts
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
99.73%

40. In your major - courses are pass-fail. Would you monitor performance using attribute or variable SPC?
Attribute
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Central Limit Theorem
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process

41. Manual Test for Nomality
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
An experiment where one or more variables believed to have an effect on an experimental outcome are identified and manipulated according to a plan
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.

42. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
The cycle time required to meet demand.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
The US national quality award.
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.

43. What is muda
Waste.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.

44. F value
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Rapid improvement process.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."

45. Design of Experiments (DOE) approach
Blame.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.

46. What is the formula for standard deviation?
Lean (or JIT).
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
X-bar-bar

47. When yields decrease - what are the two effects on contribution?
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i

48. What inventory approach contributes to process quality by "lowering the river to find the rocks?"
Lean (or JIT).
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.

49. What is FMEA?
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Not necessarily.
Rapid improvement process.
10 if Almost impossible to detect

50. Uses of regression
The cycle time required to meet demand.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Lower control limit.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does