Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a spaghetti diagram?
QFD
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
Mean time to failure.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity

2. Disadvantages of DOE

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

3. Where should specifications fall in relation to ± 3 sigma for the process in order for a process to be capable.
Outside.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
A time series plot.

4. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
Variable.

5. Who first studied randomness in industrial processes
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
100%
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
Walter A. Shewhart

6. What is the formula for standard deviation?
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.

7. Define perceived quality (Garvin's framework).
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Brand image.

8. For what is an x-bar chart used?
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
Deming.

9. Process occurance ranking
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.

10. Defect check sheets
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
The Japanese national quality award.

11. With Six Sigma capability - how many defects per million opportunities would you see?
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)

12. Failure Mode
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
95%
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.

13. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will be defective (assuming the process is in control)?
Taguchi
5%
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
Variable.

14. Statistical Hypothesis
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.

15. Which type of SPC measurement is more precise - variable or attribute?
Variable.
Fitness for use.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.

16. What are the Five Dimensions of Service Quality?
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Before production starts
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events

17. What is the role of a green belt?
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Consumer risk.
50%

18. List two components of internal failure.
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
QFD
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.

19. What is Little's Law?
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
The House of Quality.
Not necessarily.

20. What are the 5 Ss?
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
Attribute.

21. FMEA
To manage the Six Sigma project.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process

22. Define durability.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
The Japanese national quality award.
Mean time to replacement.

23. For what is a p-chart used?
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.

24. Affinity Diagrams
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.

25. What is written on the "spines" of a fishbone diagram?
Causes that lead to a particular effect.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Is what induces the failure

26. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
Taguchi
Blame.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.

27. What is DMADV?
95%
5%
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.

28. When Crosby said - "Quality is free -" what dimension of quality was he referring to?
Can't tell without a Range chart.
Conformance to specifications.
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))

29. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Represents the behavior of a process
Variable.
Lower control limit.

30. When either attribute or variable measures could be used for SPC - why might attribute measurement be preferred?
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
100%
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.

31. Uses of regression
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Controlling quality at the source.

32. What does the abbreviation UCL stand for?
Defects Per Million Opportunities
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
Upper control limit.
Taguchi

33. Affinity Diagrams
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

34. In Juran's Cost of Quality model - which categories of costs balance which other categories?
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Central Limit Theorem

35. What is a Gantt chart?
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
95%
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.

36. What is the role of a master black belt?
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.

37. What is Type II Error?
Represents the behavior of a process
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
10 if Almost impossible to detect
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces

38. Define takt time.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.

39. Complete this quality phrase: 'Fix the process - not the _____.'
They move closer to the center line.
Blame.
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.

40. TWO-DIMENTIONAL SCATTER PLOT
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
They move closer to the center line.
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.

41. Define performance quality.
X-bar-bar
Walter A. Shewhart
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain

42. Defect location check sheets
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Is what induces the failure
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

43. In a regression - what does the coefficient of the intercept tell you
0.9^3 or 72.9%
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.

44. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 2?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
50%

45. What quality guru emphasizes management as a system?
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
The cycle time required to meet demand.
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Deming.

46. Design of Experiments (DOE) approach
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

47. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
68%
Mean time to failure.

48. What type of risk is associated with Type II Error?
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
99.73%
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain
Consumer risk.

49. What is a histogram?
Pleasing to the senses.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem

50. Definition of Interaction
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Conformance to specifications.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables