Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Regression
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
Represents the behavior of a process

2. Based on what principal can we use the normal distribution assumptions for SPC?
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Central Limit Theorem
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

3. What happens to control limits on an SPC chart when sample size is increased?
They move closer to the center line.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Mistake-proofing.
Variable.

4. Risk Priority Number RPN
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
Walter A. Shewhart
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is

5. FMEA
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Brand image.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects

6. What type of risk is associated with Type 1 Error?
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
A time series plot.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Producer risk.

7. One factor at a time (OFAT)
QFD
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
99.73%

8. In a regression - what does R-square tell you?
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
Causes that lead to a particular effect.

9. What is the role of a green belt?
They move closer to the center line.
A scatterplot.
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Observed variation in response is caused by the input

10. What are the four regression assumptions?
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

11. What does DMAIC stand for?
99.73%
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
Consumer risk.
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.

12. Why do you need two control charts for variables SPC?
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Conformance to specifications.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.

13. What is the Deming Prize?
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
X-bar-bar
The Japanese national quality award.
Through producer/consumer negotiation.

14. There are two milling machines in the shop. Data has been collected on one to compute control limits for both. This is acceptable SPC practice - true or false and why?
No -- only if the process is also capable.
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Brand image.

15. Define yield.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
Producer risk.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces

16. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
Can't tell without a Range chart.
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"

17. Define serviceability.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Kaoru Ishikawa.

18. How does Juran define quality?
5%
Fitness for use.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median

19. What is the Baldrige Award?
A time series plot.
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
The US national quality award.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.

20. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
68%
The US national quality award.
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
Pleasing to the senses.

21. List two appraisal costs.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
Attribute
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none

22. In Juran's Cost of Quality model - which categories of costs balance which other categories?
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.

23. What is Type 1 Error?
Upper control limit.
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Can't tell without a Range chart.
Workers - machines - materials.

24. To what does the Six in Six Sigma relate?
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
The US national quality award.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.

25. Define features.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Lower control limit.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Rapid improvement process.

26. Statistical Hypothesis
68%
Can't tell without a Range chart.
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median

27. Which type of SPC measurement is more precise - variable or attribute?
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Variable.
Represents the behavior of a process
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."

28. Definition of Interaction
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.

29. Creating a Run Chart
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
Rapid improvement process.
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i

30. Residual(eij)
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
Variable.
Taguchi
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

31. What is written on the "spines" of a fishbone diagram?
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
The Japanese national quality award.
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Causes that lead to a particular effect.

32. What is DPMO?
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
Defects Per Million Opportunities
Outside.
Lower control limit.

33. What is process capability?
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.

34. Pareto Analysis
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events

35. What is Little's Law?
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables

36. The Test Statistic (TS)
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.

37. Defect check sheets
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
Brand image.
Attribute
Kaoru Ishikawa.

38. List two components of external failure.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
Conformance to specifications.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.

39. Failure effect
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
Is the consequence of the failure.
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
A time series plot.

40. F value
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Blame.
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
0.9^3 or 72.9%

41. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

42. In a regression - what does the p value of F tell you?
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin

43. An SPC chart shows no points outside the control limits. Does this mean the process is in control?
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process

44. What is Type II Error?
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Taguchi
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.

45. When is Cpk used?
Brand image.
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.

46. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Taguchi
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.

47. Stratified defect check sheets
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."

48. What is a histogram?
X-bar-bar
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Waste.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.

49. With Six Sigma capability - how many defects per million opportunities would you see?
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.

50. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Variable.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.