Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Test for Independence
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Represents the behavior of a process

2. Test for constant variance
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Lower control limit.
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets

3. What is muda
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Waste.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

4. In a regression - what does the p value of F tell you?
Central Limit Theorem
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Producer risk.

5. Manual Test for Nomality
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
99.73%

6. Does it ever make sense to accept a job when a process is incapable?
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v

7. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

8. Residual(eij)
Variable.
Outside.
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

9. Based on what principal can we use the normal distribution assumptions for SPC?
Central Limit Theorem
Walter A. Shewhart
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.

10. Which type of SPC measurement is more precise - variable or attribute?
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Walter A. Shewhart
Variable.

11. Define durability.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
Mean time to replacement.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
Controlling quality at the source.

12. Failure Mode
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Blame.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.

13. Creating a Run Chart
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Causes that lead to a particular effect.

14. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 2?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
QFD

15. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
Taguchi
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Outside.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.

16. Non-random patterns (Run Charts)
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Central Limit Theorem
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i

17. Statistical Hypothesis
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.

18. Detection Criteria Ranking
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
10 if Almost impossible to detect
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
QFD

19. When either attribute or variable measures could be used for SPC - why might attribute measurement be preferred?
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Mean time to replacement.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.

20. Histogram by Hand
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
Is the consequence of the failure.

21. Cause and Effect Diagrams
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
100%
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

22. What are two other names for an Ishikawa diagram?
95%
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.

23. What graphical tool is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables?
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
A scatterplot.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.

24. Define takt time.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.

25. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
Rapid improvement process.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
They move closer to the center line.

26. What is the role of a green belt?
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.
Controlling quality at the source.
Not necessarily.

27. Who developed the fishbone diagram?
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Kaoru Ishikawa.

28. What does DMAIC stand for?
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Initiated before or at design concept finalization

29. Where should specifications fall in relation to ± 3 sigma for the process in order for a process to be capable.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Outside.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.

30. What is the 5S model?
A scatterplot.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.

31. Regression
Taguchi
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Represents the behavior of a process
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.

32. What is a Gage R&R?
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."

33. Define benchmarking.
Taguchi
X-bar-bar
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity

34. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
The cycle time required to meet demand.

35. PFMEA
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Lower control limit.
Before production starts
A scatterplot.

36. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
Represents the behavior of a process
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
Variable.
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

37. What are the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard?
The House of Quality.
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
Upper control limit.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.

38. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
50%

39. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will you have to inspect to find defectives?
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
100%
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.

40. What is a CAVE man?
Attribute.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

41. The Test Statistic (TS)
Attribute.
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"
Controlling quality at the source.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).

42. F value
Defects Per Million Opportunities
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)

43. You have been plotting sample means on an x-bar chart and all points indicate normal - expected variation. Is the process in control?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

44. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Lower control limit.

45. What is a histogram?
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.

46. Uses of regression - Control
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
Brand image.
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.

47. List Garvin's eight dimensions of product quality.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Pleasing to the senses.
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.

48. If you have calculated a Cpk - should you also calculate a Cp?
Outside.
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.

49. What is a dashboard?
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)

50. What is a Pareto chart?
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process