Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Failure cause
Is what induces the failure
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
99.73%
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

2. In your major - courses are pass-fail. Would you monitor performance using attribute or variable SPC?
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Not necessarily.
Attribute
Consumer risk.

3. If you can only collect categorical data - what type of SPC charting can you do?
Attribute.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
X-bar-bar

4. DFMEA
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Brand image.
Initiated before or at design concept finalization

5. A process is operating "in control." Does this mean the customer's requirements are met?
No -- only if the process is also capable.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.

6. What is the role of a master black belt?
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
Is what induces the failure
68%

7. Regression
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
Represents the behavior of a process
50%

8. What is an affinity diagram?
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.

9. Define aesthetic quality.
Is the consequence of the failure.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Pleasing to the senses.

10. What inventory approach contributes to process quality by "lowering the river to find the rocks?"
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
Deming.
Lean (or JIT).

11. Disadvantages of DOE

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

12. In a Z table - what is Z?
They move closer to the center line.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions

13. Does it ever make sense to accept a job when a process is incapable?
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

14. In a regression - what does the coefficient of the intercept tell you
Waste.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i

15. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
68%

16. What is a network diagram?
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Attribute.
Consumer risk.

17. Define serviceability.
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.

18. Regression Analysis
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
68%

19. Defect check sheets
Producer risk.
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

20. How are LQL and AQL determined in an acceptance sampling plan?
Workers - machines - materials.
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.

21. What are the four categories of costs in Juran's framework?
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

22. Your production process meets customer specifications. Is your process in control?
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
Producer risk.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
Not necessarily.

23. What is Value Stream Mapping?
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Attribute.
Kaoru Ishikawa.

24. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Deming.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

25. Design of Experiments (DOE) approach
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
X-bar-bar
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

26. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will be defective (assuming the process is in control)?
5%
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Controlling quality at the source.

27. Define features.
Fitness for use.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Producer risk.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.

28. Define durability.
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Mean time to replacement.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.

29. Daniel Test
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:

30. You have been plotting sample means on an x-bar chart and all points indicate normal - expected variation. Is the process in control?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

31. TWO-DIMENTIONAL SCATTER PLOT
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Producer risk.

32. List two components of internal failure.
Outside.
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.

33. List two components of external failure.
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
99.73%
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.

34. When yields decrease - what are the two effects on contribution?
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Mean time to failure.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.

35. Affinity Diagrams
100%
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
The Japanese national quality award.

36. What is a run chart?
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
A time series plot.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.

37. PFMEA
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
Before production starts

38. When is Cpk used?
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v
Upper control limit.

39. What is a CAVE man?
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value

40. Who developed the fishbone diagram?
Central Limit Theorem
Critical to quality.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.

41. What is poka yoke?
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
Mistake-proofing.

42. Definition of Interaction
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.

43. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 2?
Not necessarily.
Represents the behavior of a process
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.

44. What is CTQ?
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Critical to quality.

45. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
Rapid improvement process.

46. Failure effect
Waste.
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Is the consequence of the failure.

47. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

48. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will you have to inspect to find defectives?
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
100%
Defects Per Million Opportunities

49. What does the abbreviation LCL stand for?
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
Lower control limit.
Rapid improvement process.
The Japanese national quality award.

50. Effect ranking (Severity of the Defect)
Waste.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!