Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Statistical Hypothesis
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
Controlling quality at the source.

2. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Variable.
Workers - machines - materials.

3. What are the Five Dimensions of Service Quality?
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
Lean (or JIT).
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy

4. Define yield.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
Taguchi
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does

5. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 4?
Rapid improvement process.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.

6. What is Value Stream Mapping?
Attribute
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Can't tell without a Range chart.
Fitness for use.

7. Process check sheets
Critical to quality.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets

8. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will you have to inspect to find defectives?
5%
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Deming.
100%

9. What does SIPOC stand for?
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Upper control limit.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.

10. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 5?
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.

11. What graphical tool is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables?
Is what induces the failure
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
A scatterplot.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

12. What is FMEA?
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Not necessarily.
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

13. The Test Statistic (TS)
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain

14. Residual
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.

15. What type of risk is associated with Type 1 Error?
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
Producer risk.
Before production starts
68%

16. What is a network diagram?
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Variable.

17. Pareto Analysis
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Producer risk.

18. What is the formula for standard deviation?
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed

19. In Juran's Cost of Quality model - which categories of costs balance which other categories?
5%
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

20. Uses of regression
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value

21. Process occurance ranking
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

22. Your production process meets customer specifications. Is your process in control?
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Represents the behavior of a process
Not necessarily.

23. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

24. Define benchmarking.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.

25. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Outside.
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin

26. In a regression - what does the standard error of the estimate tell you?
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Upper control limit.

27. Define serviceability.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Workers - machines - materials.
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.

28. What is Jidoka?
Taguchi
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Controlling quality at the source.

29. What does the abbreviation LCL stand for?
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
Lower control limit.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Is what induces the failure

30. How does Juran define quality?
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
Fitness for use.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))

31. Definition of Interaction
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Sampling for SPC is done real time.

32. Risk Priority Number RPN
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Kaoru Ishikawa.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

33. What type of risk is associated with Type II Error?
Upper control limit.
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Consumer risk.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events

34. In a regression - what does the coefficient of the intercept tell you
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper

35. What is the role of a master black belt?
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
The House of Quality.
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.

36. In a regression - what does R-square tell you?
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
50%
Upper control limit.

37. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will be defective (assuming the process is in control)?
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
5%
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

38. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 2?
Lower control limit.
99.73%
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.

39. Define conformance quality.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Pleasing to the senses.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Rapid improvement process.

40. What is DPMO?
Workers - machines - materials.
Pleasing to the senses.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
5%

41. What are the three main categories of assignable cause?
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Controlling quality at the source.
Workers - machines - materials.

42. What is muda
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
99.73%
Waste.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

43. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 3 standard deviations from the mean?
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
Taguchi
99.73%
Consumer risk.

44. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Workers - machines - materials.

45. Effect ranking (Severity of the Defect)
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
0.9^3 or 72.9%
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none

46. To what does the Six in Six Sigma relate?
Workers - machines - materials.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

47. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
99.73%
68%
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables

48. Who is a process owner?
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Not necessarily.
Waste.

49. What is a histogram?
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.

50. PFMEA
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
Before production starts