Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Who is a process owner?
68%
Blame.
100%
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.

2. Name the structure associated with Quality Function Deployment.
The House of Quality.
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.

3. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

4. Which type of SPC measurement is more precise - variable or attribute?
Variable.
Outside.
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.

5. What is the difference between the way sampling is done for SPC and for acceptance sampling?
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.

6. Advantages of DOE
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
99.73%
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.

7. What is the center line of an X-bar chart?
Upper control limit.
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
X-bar-bar

8. List two components of external failure.
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables

9. In a regression - what does R-square tell you?
Brand image.
Initiated before or at design concept finalization
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
X-bar-bar

10. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will you have to inspect to find defectives?
100%
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
Lower control limit.
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."

11. In a Z table - what is Z?
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
Waste.

12. What is Little's Law?
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
Deming.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.

13. What size should samples be for attribute SPC?
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events

14. What inventory approach contributes to process quality by "lowering the river to find the rocks?"
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Lean (or JIT).

15. Complete this quality phrase: 'Fix the process - not the _____.'
X-bar-bar
Blame.
Before production starts
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none

16. Residual
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
It's good -- but it's still out of control!

17. Uses of regression - Control
Pleasing to the senses.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process

18. With Six Sigma capability - how many defects per million opportunities would you see?
Mean time to failure.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Fitness for use.

19. What is the Baldrige Award?
QFD
The US national quality award.
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.

20. Defect check sheets
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.

21. Stratified defect check sheets
Pleasing to the senses.
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
The Japanese national quality award.

22. Failure cause
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Is what induces the failure

23. What is a run chart?
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
A time series plot.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
Taguchi

24. What is the formula for standard deviation?
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
X-bar-bar
10 if Almost impossible to detect
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.

25. Define yield.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
5%
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.

26. Process check sheets
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
A scatterplot.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets

27. If a three-stage process has 90% yields at each stage - what is the overall yield?
0.9^3 or 72.9%
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
The US national quality award.

28. What is the Deming Prize?
The Japanese national quality award.
Producer risk.
Pleasing to the senses.
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.

29. What do you do when a process is out of control?
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Critical to quality.
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
95%

30. What is process capability?
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

31. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Taguchi
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.

32. When either attribute or variable measures could be used for SPC - why might attribute measurement be preferred?
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)

33. What is Value Stream Mapping?
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.

34. One factor at a time (OFAT)
The US national quality award.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
A time series plot.

35. One factor at a time (OFAT)
QFD
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Variable.

36. What is the center line of a p-chart?
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).

37. ANOVA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

38. What is a CAVE man?
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

39. Defect location check sheets
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Deming.
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
Causes that lead to a particular effect.

40. Presence of interaction effect
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces

41. Define durability.
Attribute.
Mean time to replacement.
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

42. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 3?
Upper control limit.
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).

43. Who first studied randomness in industrial processes
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Walter A. Shewhart

44. To what does the Six in Six Sigma relate?
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed

45. Define conformance quality.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Represents the behavior of a process
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.

46. An SPC chart shows no points outside the control limits. Does this mean the process is in control?
Walter A. Shewhart
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.

47. For what is a p-chart used?
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
Before production starts
Not necessarily.

48. When Crosby said - "Quality is free -" what dimension of quality was he referring to?
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
5%
Conformance to specifications.
Lower control limit.

49. What type of risk is associated with Type II Error?
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Central Limit Theorem
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Consumer risk.

50. Define serviceability.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
Mistake-proofing.