Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the structure associated with Quality Function Deployment.
The House of Quality.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.

2. Does it ever make sense to accept a job when a process is incapable?
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
Attribute
The US national quality award.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.

3. Daniel Test
99.73%
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.

4. What are the Five Dimensions of Service Quality?
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Deming.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy

5. What does Crosby say about benchmarking?
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Look to your customer - not to other firms. "You can always find someone shorter - fatter and balder!"

6. Based on what principal can we use the normal distribution assumptions for SPC?
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Central Limit Theorem
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
Initiated before or at design concept finalization

7. Test for Independence
To manage the Six Sigma project.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
The Japanese national quality award.

8. What is Little's Law?
Mistake-proofing.
Fitness for use.
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Inventory = throughput x flow time.

9. What is muda
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
Waste.
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))

10. Definition of Interaction
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Consumer risk.

11. A process is operating "in control." Does this mean the customer's requirements are met?
No -- only if the process is also capable.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
The House of Quality.
100%

12. When is Cpk used?
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.

13. What is DMADV?
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
Taguchi
QFD

14. What are the 5 Ss?
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.

15. What are the three main categories of assignable cause?
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Upper control limit.
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Workers - machines - materials.

16. List Garvin's eight dimensions of product quality.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:

17. List two components of internal failure.
The US national quality award.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
100%

18. For what is an x-bar chart used?
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.

19. Define conformance quality.
Waste.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v

20. What is a Gantt chart?
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Conformance to specifications.
Is what induces the failure

21. When either attribute or variable measures could be used for SPC - why might attribute measurement be preferred?
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.

22. What is Kaizen?
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.
Lean (or JIT).
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Rapid improvement process.

23. What is a Gage R&R?
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

24. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 3?
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."

25. Defect location check sheets
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Represents the behavior of a process

26. What is CTQ?
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
The Japanese national quality award.
Critical to quality.

27. What is DPMO?
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
Defects Per Million Opportunities
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
The House of Quality.

28. Presence of interaction effect
The process of ranking opportunities to determine which of many potential opportunities should be pursued first.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
Mistake-proofing.

29. Define yield.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
The US national quality award.

30. Explain the difference between technical and functional service quality.
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity

31. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
Upper control limit.
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.

32. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 2 standard deviations from the mean?
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
95%

33. TWO-DIMENTIONAL SCATTER PLOT
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

34. Define perceived quality (Garvin's framework).
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Brand image.
A scatterplot.

35. What does SIPOC stand for?
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
68%
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.

36. What is the center line of an X-bar chart?
X-bar-bar
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
Controlling quality at the source.
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.

37. Define durability.
Mean time to replacement.
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
X-bar-bar
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."

38. What is a CAVE man?
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
68%
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there

39. What type of risk is associated with Type II Error?
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Consumer risk.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

40. In a regression - what does R-square tell you?
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).

41. Define serviceability.
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.

42. ANOVA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

43. What is Type 1 Error?
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

44. You have been plotting sample means on an x-bar chart and all points indicate normal - expected variation. Is the process in control?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

45. What does DMAIC stand for?
Represents the behavior of a process
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Workers - machines - materials.
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

46. F value
Initiated before or at design concept finalization
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.

47. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 5?
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.

48. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
68%
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
The US national quality award.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value

49. What is the role of a master black belt?
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Variable.
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process

50. An SPC chart shows no points outside the control limits. Does this mean the process is in control?
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Blame.
X-bar-bar
A scatterplot.