Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a network diagram?
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
Attribute
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i

2. How are LQL and AQL determined in an acceptance sampling plan?
Represents the behavior of a process
Initiated before or at design concept finalization
Through producer/consumer negotiation.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:

3. Name the structure associated with Quality Function Deployment.
Represent the errors which are random variables with an assumed normal distribution with mean zero and a constant variance σ2.
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
The House of Quality.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.

4. List Garvin's eight dimensions of product quality.
Conformance to specifications.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
The House of Quality.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality

5. What is Type II Error?
95%
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

6. Detection Criteria Ranking
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
10 if Almost impossible to detect
Before production starts
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.

7. In a regression - what does R-square tell you?
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
10 if Almost impossible to detect
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.

8. What are the three main categories of assignable cause?
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Workers - machines - materials.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria

9. Regression Analysis
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
A time series plot.
Upper control limit.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."

10. What is the role of a green belt?
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
Sampling for SPC is done real time.

11. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
Sampling for SPC is done real time.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
The House of Quality.

12. Which quality guru developed the concept of loss to society?
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Taguchi
Is what induces the failure

13. F value
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
Mistake-proofing.

14. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
The US national quality award.
Variable.
A brainstorming tool that shows the connections between ideas.

15. Define conformance quality.
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there

16. What is DPMO?
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
The Japanese national quality award.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain

17. What inventory approach contributes to process quality by "lowering the river to find the rocks?"
Lean (or JIT).
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Producer risk.

18. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
No -- only if the process is also capable.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.

19. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

20. Uses of regression - Control
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
Pleasing to the senses.
A systemized group of activities designed to 1. recognize and evaluate the potential failure of product/process and its effects 2. Identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of potential failure ocurring 3. document the process
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)

21. Affinity Diagrams
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
A scatterplot.
Deming.

22. Define features.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
X-bar-bar
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs

23. In a regression - what does the standard error of the estimate tell you?
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
Blame.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.

24. When yields decrease - what are the two effects on contribution?
Mean time to failure.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!

25. Definition of Interaction
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
Conformance to specifications.
The amount of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variable(s).

26. What is CTQ?
Critical to quality.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
Yes - when there are opportunities to improve - when contribution margin is adequate - when achieving market share is important.
Waste.

27. In a Z table - what is Z?
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Upper control limit.

28. What does DMAIC stand for?
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Variable.

29. What graphical tool is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables?
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
A scatterplot.
Consumer risk.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.

30. With Six Sigma capability - how many defects per million opportunities would you see?
Lower control limit.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
Mean time to failure.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)

31. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
Initiated before or at design concept finalization
Mean time to failure.
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity

32. Design of Experiments (DOE) approach
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
Causes that lead to a particular effect.
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.

33. Non-random patterns (Run Charts)
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
Shifts - Trends - Repeating patterns - Correlation with known events
Sampling for SPC is done real time.

34. What is the Baldrige Award?
The US national quality award.
Attribute
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
Walter A. Shewhart

35. Daniel Test
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin

36. What is a CAVE man?
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
Workers - machines - materials.
X-bar-bar

37. For what is a p-chart used?
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.
They move closer to the center line.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)

38. When is Cpk used?
Reliability - Assurance - Responsiveness - Tangibles - Empathy
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
F_alpha - df(tr) - df (error)
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.

39. What size should samples be for attribute SPC?
Is what induces the failure
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.
Concluding there has not been an effect/change when there has.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.

40. An SPC chart shows no points outside the control limits. Does this mean the process is in control?
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Upper control limit.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."

41. Residual(eij)
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Blame.
Mean time to failure.
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)

42. What is poka yoke?
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
Fewer good units to sell - increased variable cost/unit.
Mistake-proofing.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

43. ANOVA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

44. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
No -- only if the process is also capable.
68%
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
Blame.

45. What is process capability?
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
Conformance to specifications.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.

46. Define performance quality.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

47. What is a Gantt chart?
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Taguchi
Is what induces the failure
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)

48. If you can only collect categorical data - what type of SPC charting can you do?
Lean (or JIT).
Attribute.
Is the consequence of the failure.
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.

49. PFMEA
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
Mean time to failure.
X-bar-bar
Before production starts

50. Define perceived quality (Garvin's framework).
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
Brand image.
Attribute