Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
An experiment where one or more variables believed to have an effect on an experimental outcome are identified and manipulated according to a plan
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions

2. What is the Deming Prize?
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
The Japanese national quality award.

3. List two components of external failure.
5%
X-bar-bar
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.

4. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 1 standard deviations from the mean?
68%
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
Defects Per Million Opportunities
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.

5. Complete this quality phrase: 'Fix the process - not the _____.'
Attribute
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
Blame.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there

6. What is CTQ?
Critical to quality.
Lean (or JIT).
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.

7. In a regression - what does the standard error of the estimate tell you?
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.
Brand image.

8. Defect check sheets
Mistake-proofing.
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
An experiment where one or more variables believed to have an effect on an experimental outcome are identified and manipulated according to a plan

9. Define conformance quality.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.

10. Definition of Interaction
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
100%
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
Is the consequence of the failure.

11. What is Kaizen?
X-bar-bar
68%
Rapid improvement process.
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.

12. If you can only collect categorical data - what type of SPC charting can you do?
No -- if it is not the same - it can only be worse!
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Attribute.
A chart that breaks the range of data into equal intervals and then shows the count of occurrences in each interval.

13. Statistical Hypothesis
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
50%

14. Approximately what percent of a normal distribution falls between ± 2 standard deviations from the mean?
Before production starts
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
95%
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.

15. Effect ranking (Severity of the Defect)
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables

16. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 5?
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
Walter A. Shewhart
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.

17. In Juran's Cost of Quality model - which categories of costs balance which other categories?
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
Brand image.
No -- the variation also has to be random and "expected."
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.

18. What does a project prioritization matrix do?
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.

19. There are two milling machines in the shop. Data has been collected on one to compute control limits for both. This is acceptable SPC practice - true or false and why?
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
No -- only if the process is also capable.
Is the consequence of the failure.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs

20. In a regression - what does the coefficient of the intercept tell you
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
Kaoru Ishikawa.
Pleasing to the senses.
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

21. What is a CAVE man?
An experiment where one or more variables believed to have an effect on an experimental outcome are identified and manipulated according to a plan
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.
95%

22. Define aesthetic quality.
Pleasing to the senses.
Walter A. Shewhart
Producer risk.
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables

23. Explain the difference between technical and functional service quality.
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
95%

24. Define serviceability.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
The cycle time required to meet demand.
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v

25. List two components of internal failure.
50%
Studying firms with the best performance in a particular area.
Rapid improvement process.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.

26. A process is operating "in control." Does this mean the customer's requirements are met?
No -- only if the process is also capable.
Brand image.
Conformance to specifications.
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.

27. What is the 5S model?
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.
68%
Causes that lead to a particular effect.
Attribute.

28. Define features.
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
Not necessarily.
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.

29. What quality tool formally incorporates the voice of the customer?
99.73%
Prevention and appraisal costs are balanced against internal and external failure.
A scatterplot.
QFD

30. What graphical tool is used to show the relationship between two numerical variables?
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
A scatterplot.
Conformance to specifications.
Before production starts

31. What is the role of a black belt?
Walter A. Shewhart
Rapid improvement process.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
System to reduce waste and optimize productivity through maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more consistent operational results.

32. What does DMAIC stand for?
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value

33. What percentage of a normal distribution lies above the mean?
Upper control limit.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
50%
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.

34. Advantages of DOE
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
Rapid improvement process.
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions

35. For your SPC sample you weigh bags of potatoes. Is this variable or attribute SPC?
Variable.
To manage the Six Sigma project.
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
95%

36. List two components of prevention cost.
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
Variable.
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
Represents the behavior of a process

37. What is the role of a master black belt?
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.
The gap between specifications and how service is performed.
A tools that is used to measure the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device (repeatability) and the people taking the measurement (reproducibility).

38. Define product reliability.
A simple graph between two variables - visualize the type - degree of strength and shape of the relationship between two variables
The gap between what is promised and what is delivered.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
Mean time to failure.

39. List two appraisal costs.
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
Mistake-proofing.
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.

40. What is the role of a green belt?
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets
Inventory = throughput x flow time.

41. Failure Mode
The House of Quality.
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).
Critical to quality.

42. Failure cause
Is what induces the failure
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)

43. Why do you need two control charts for variables SPC?
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Taguchi

44. Uses of regression
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.

45. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Controlling quality at the source.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.

46. Stratified defect check sheets
Upper control limit.
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).

47. What is a dashboard?
Hold all input variables constant except one. Observe the response as you vary the single input.
An assertion or conjecture concerning one or more populations
Technique used to relate through a model - one or more independent variables and a dependent variable (response)
A tool that shows performance along key dimensions all at once.

48. Process check sheets
Pleasing to the senses.
Upper control limit.
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Used to create frequency distribution tally sheets

49. In a Z table - what is Z?
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
Lower control limit.
Deming.
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.

50. Defect location check sheets
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.