Test your basic knowledge |

Six Sigma

Subjects : certifications, six-sigma, business-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Effect ranking (Severity of the Defect)
An experiment where one or more variables believed to have an effect on an experimental outcome are identified and manipulated according to a plan
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects

2. Affinity Diagrams
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
The degree to which a product meets pre-established standards.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Attribute

3. What is a Gantt chart?
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.
95%
Conformance to specifications.
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median

4. List two components of internal failure.
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
Scrap - rework - retest - downtime - yield losses - disposition costs.
Fractional factorial designs (orthogonal arrays)
Before production starts

5. What are the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard?
Controlling quality at the source.
Financial - customer - internal process - innovation and learning.
68%
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.

6. Why do you need two control charts for variables SPC?
It's good -- but it's still out of control!
Prediction and estimation. based on an unknown x value - estimation is based on a known x value
Is what induces the failure
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.

7. What is a spaghetti diagram?
Rank of 10 if there is >= 100 per 1000 piece Rank of 1 if there is <=.01 per 1000 pieces
Is the consequence of the failure.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
A tool that shows the physical flows through a space.

8. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 1?
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
The US national quality award.
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))

9. What is the Deming Prize?
Critical to quality.
Fitness for use.
The Japanese national quality award.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

10. Design of Experiments (DOE) approach
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.

11. Defect check sheets
Concluding there has been an effect/change when there has not.
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
Different types of defects are listed (used for Pareto chart)

12. Advantages of DOE
No -- only if the process is also capable.
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
Prevention - appraisal - internal failure - external failure.
68%

13. What does SIPOC stand for?
Actual drawings - layouts - maps - etc which show where a defect occurs
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
No -- only if the process is also capable.
Supplier - input - process - output - customer.

14. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 5?
The gap between what customers expect and the service they receive.
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
0.9^3 or 72.9%
Represents the behavior of a process

15. If you can only collect categorical data - what type of SPC charting can you do?
Attribute.
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.
The manager in charge of a process being improved in a Six Sigma project.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.

16. List Garvin's eight dimensions of product quality.
Performance - features - conformance - reliability - durability - serviceability - aesthetics - perceived quality
1.Interactions can be detected and measured 2.Each value does the work of several values 3.Experimental error is quantified and used to determine the confidence the experimenter has in the conclusions
QFD
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."

17. Cause and Effect Diagrams
68%
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
Method developed by Ishikawa to graphically display the causes of any given problem
Variable.

18. One factor at a time (OFAT)
Brand image.
68%
Observed variation in response is caused by the input
Initiated before or at design concept finalization

19. What is the difference between Lean and Six Sigma?
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.
Data reduction to put a large number of qualitative inputs into a smaller number of major dimensions
Lean is waste reduction - Six Sigma is variation reduction.
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process

20. Daniel Test
Another way to assess the significance of the analyzed factors is through a graphic procedure developed by C. Daniel when only one replicate (a single observation) was obtained:
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
The number of standard deviations some value is from the mean.

21. Risk Priority Number RPN
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Deming.
A tool that shows where there is waste in a process.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is

22. In a regression - what does the p value of F tell you?
1) Obtain Residuals 2) Fill out table --> y coordinates: F = 100 (i-.5)/N x coordinates: Ordered Residual 3) Plot on Normal Probability Paper
To obtain a certain desirable outcome from the process
A diagram that shows the relationships between activities in a project network.
How likely it is to have an F statistic of that value if there really is no relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable(s).

23. What percentage of a normal distribution lies above the mean?
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
50%
It looks to minimize the probability of a failure - or to minimize its effects
Shows the temporal flow of activities in a project network.

24. What is the role of a green belt?
To be a member of a Six Sigma project team.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
The secondary characteristics of a product; "bells and whistles."
To monitor a process when measurement by attribute is used.

25. The data points on an SPC p-chart of defective percent plot below the mean. Is this good or bad?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

26. What is DMADV?
10 if Almost impossible to detect
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
Define - measure - analyze - design - verify.

27. Explain the difference between technical and functional service quality.
Technical quality is the "what" of the service; functional quality is the "how."
To mentor/coach (and sometimes train) black belts.
= S x O x D S--> Severity O--> Occurrence D--> Detection Higher the number the worse it is
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

28. Disadvantages of DOE

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

29. Histogram by Hand
Vary two or more variables simultaneously - Multiple measurements are obtained under the same experimental conditions
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
1) Identify the Range (Max Value - Min Value) 2) Determine # of bins 3) Determine the Width of each bin --> (Range / # Bins) 4) Put values in correct Bin
Upper control limit.

30. What are the 5 Ss?
=sqrt(Σ(x-x-bar)^2)/(n-1))
The ability of a process to consistently meet customer specifications.
Sort - Set in Order - Shine - Standardize - Sustain
Workers - machines - materials.

31. Residual(eij)
= yij - y(bar)i --> value minus sum of that treatment (of row)
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
Incoming materials inspection - inspection and testing - maintaining test equipment - materials/services consumed
1) Plot a Line chart of the data in time sequence 2) Draw a line at the median

32. Define serviceability.
The primary operating characteristics of a product.
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
Quality planning - design review - education and training - process control - IS costs - quality reporting - improvement project costs - working with suppliers before production.
Speed - courtesy - competence - and ease of repair.

33. What is a run chart?
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.
QFD
To monitor a process when measurement by variables is used.
A time series plot.

34. What is the formula for the standard deviation of a proportion?
Organize ideas into meaningful categories by recognizing their underlying similarity
=sqrt((p*(1-p)/n)
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria

35. In a regression - what does the standard error of the estimate tell you?
Blame.
Linearity - normality - homoscedasticity - independence.
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
How much variance you expect around the prediction; two SEs gives you a 95% confidence interval.

36. In the Service Quality Gap Model - what is Gap 2?
Workers - machines - materials.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.

37. What is Little's Law?
False - because each machine will have different natural tolerances.
Inventory = throughput x flow time.
Lean (or JIT).
Mistake-proofing.

38. What is the center line of a p-chart?
Walter A. Shewhart
68%
An interaction is defined as a dependence relationship between the response and the levels of two or more variables
p-bar - the long-run percent defective.

39. Test for constant variance
Plot the residuals vs. the fitted values (mean of each group - y(hat) = y (bar)i ) - Assumption of ____________not rejected if the dispersion of every group is approximately the same.
Pleasing to the senses.
A random variable that summarizes the information from the sample(s).
To do a capability study for a non-centered process.

40. What does DMAIC stand for?
Lower skill requirements - faster - less chance for error.
Define - measure - analyze - improve - control.
5%
No -- only if the process is also capable.

41. What does the abbreviation UCL stand for?
Complaint adjustment - returned material - warranty charges - allowances - loss of future business.
10 for Hazardous without warning 1 for none
The gap between what management thinks customers want and what customers really want.
Upper control limit.

42. ANOVA

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

43. What is the center line of an X-bar chart?
X-bar-bar
Large enough to find two of the attribute - on average.
Is what induces the failure
Someone who is consistently against virtually everything.

44. If your process is capable at two sigma - what percentage of the output will be defective (assuming the process is in control)?
Is the way in which the failure is manifested.
Decomposing the total variation of data into: (a) the internal or "natural" or "within" groups variation - and (b) the "between" groups variation in such a way that when these two types of variation are compared - it's possible to determine if there
What the value of the dependent variable is when the independent variable is zero.
5%

45. Presence of interaction effect
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
The House of Quality.
If the Response vs. Levels graph if the response lines are not parallel (crossing)
Look for the assignable cause of non-random variation.

46. What type of risk is associated with Type II Error?
3.4 (assuming 1.5 sigma shift in the mean)
Walter A. Shewhart
100%
Consumer risk.

47. Simple Regression Analysis (one factor regression model)
Stratify a particular defect type according to logical criteria
The target number of standard deviations from the mean for specifications.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
It usually isn't possible to hold all other variables constant - There is no way to account for the effect of joint variation of independent variables - such as interaction - There is no way to account for experimental error - including measurement v

48. What quality guru emphasizes management as a system?
Deming.
No; if the process is centered - Cp will be the same; if not - Cpk is what you need to determine capabilty.
The gap between what management thinks customers want and the process specifications.
Fishbone - cause-and-effect diagram.

49. Define yield.
5%
68%
The ratio of outputs to inputs; 1-scrap.
A descending order-sorted bar chart with a cumulative percentage line.

50. Test for Independence
Assigns scores to weighted criteria for each project under consideration.
= y = Beta(0) + Beta(1)X + epsilon y=dependent variable (response) x=independent variable (predictor of y) - epsilon=error component - Beta(not)=intersection. If data include zero - it represents the mean of the distribution of y when - x=0. It does
Because the mean and standard deviation are independent of each other.
consists of plotting the residuals vs. the order of each experiment - If - as in the case of the constant variance a random horizontal band is obtained - the ______________ of the residuals is not rejected. (should be random above a below the line i