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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
Extrinsic Motivation
Need For Cognition NFC
2. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Stereotyping is generally associated with
3. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Insko (1965) Results
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
4. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
Staats and Staats (1957)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
5. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Intrinsic Motivation
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Presentation
'Hot' Prejudice
6. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Self Complexity
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Message Learning Approach Claims
7. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Extrinsic Motivation
Subtype
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
8. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
High Self Monitors
Discrimination
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
9. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Common Peripheral Cues
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
10. Message Learning Approach
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
The Elaboration Continuum
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Leaning Theories
11. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Esteem
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Authoritarian Personality
12. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Pros of Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Extrinsic Motivation
13. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
The Need to Belong
14. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
The Need to Belong
Message Learning Approach Claims
Subtype
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
15. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Terror Management Theory
The Need to Belong
Rebound Effect
Authoritarian Personality
16. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Central Route
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
17. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing Theories
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
18. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Affective= Prejudice
Message Learning Approach Claims
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
19. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
'Ideal' selves
(Shaetner) Shocks
20. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
High Elaboration (Central Route
Low Self Monitors
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cons of Categorization
21. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High Elaboration (Central Route
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
22. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Concept
23. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Modern research on stereotypes
24. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Big 3 Categories
Behavioral= Discrimination
25. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Operant Conditioning
Why AOD?
Message Processing Theories
Individuals Low in NFC
26. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Concept
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
High Self Monitors
27. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
High Self Monitors
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
28. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Problems of MLA
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
29. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Self Handicapped
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Operant Conditioning
Self-Discrepancy Theory
30. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Problems of MLA
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Handicapped
31. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Behavioral= Discrimination
Message Learning Approach Claims
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
32. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Intrinsic Motivation
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self-Perception Theory
Self Concept
33. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
Insko (1965) Results
Self Concept
Key Factor of MLA
34. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
According to SPT
Stereotype
High Elaboration (Central Route
Stereotype
35. Avoid effortful thinking.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Individuals Low in NFC
36. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Social Categorization
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
37. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High Elaboration (Central Route
Central Route
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
38. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Key Factor of MLA
Self Monitoring
39. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Terror Management Theory
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Implicit Egoism
40. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Implicit Association Test
41. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Individuals Low in NFC
Common Peripheral Cues
Operant Conditioning
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
42. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Affective= Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Low End of the Continuum
Prejudice
43. The people we think we should be.
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44. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self-Perception Theory
ABC Model
45. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Esteem
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
46. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Low Self Monitors
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
47. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
'Ideal' selves
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Monitoring
48. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
'Hot' Prejudice
Discrimination
Operant Conditioning
(PCG) Results
49. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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50. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Klein) False Feedback
Self-Perception Theory
Low Self Monitors