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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Avoid effortful thinking.
Extrinsic Motivation
Social Learning Explanation
Individuals Low in NFC
Central Route
2. Doing something because you want to.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Intrinsic Motivation
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
3. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Staats and Staats (1957)
4. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High Elaboration (Central Route
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Peripheral Route
5. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Implicit Egoism
Peripheral Route
Affective= Prejudice
6. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
(PCG) Results
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Handicapped
7. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Pros of Categorization
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
8. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(PCG) Results
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
9. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Insko (1965)
The Need to Belong
'Ideal' selves
10. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Why AOD?
2 Components of The Social Self
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
11. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self-Perception Theory
Big 3 Categories
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
12. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Insko (1965) Results
Individuals High in NFC
Common Peripheral Cues
13. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
According to Self-perception Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
Social Comparison Theory
14. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Terror Management Theory
15. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
According to SPT
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Modern research on stereotypes
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
16. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Staats and Staats (1957)
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
17. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
18. Message Learning Approach
2 Components of The Social Self
Leaning Theories
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
19. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
Message Processing Theories
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Classical Conditioning
20. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Implicit Egoism
ABC Model
21. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
'Cold' Prejudice
22. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
2 Components of The Social Self
Self Enhancing Bias`
Contact Hypothesis
Cacioppo (1983) UI
23. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Insko (1965)
Insko (1965)
Problems of MLA
Implicit Egoism
24. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Low End of the Continuum
The Need to Belong
Classical Conditioning
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
25. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Rebound Effect
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low End of the Continuum
26. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Problems of MLA
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
27. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self Expression
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Insko (1965)
28. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Expression
Discrimination
29. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Stereotype
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Low End of the Continuum
30. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
31. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Contact Hypothesis
Peripheral Route
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(PCG) Results
32. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
(PCG) Results
ABC Model
Why AOD?
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
33. Doing something because you want to.
Behavioral= Discrimination
According to Self-perception Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
Message Processing Theories
34. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Low Self Monitors
According to SPT
(PCG) Results
The Need to Belong
35. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Peripheral Route
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Handicapped
Why AOD?
36. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Implicit Association Test
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
37. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Self Enhancing Bias`
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
38. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
Stereotype
Self Presentation
Authoritarian Personality
39. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Social Comparison Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
Message Processing Theories
40. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Individuals High in NFC
Low Self Monitors
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Terror Management Theory
41. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Classical Conditioning
The Need to Belong
Low Self Monitors
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
42. The people we want to be.
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43. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
44. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Self Expression
'Cold' Prejudice
High Elaboration (Central Route
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
45. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Insko (1965) Results
Peripheral Route
46. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Handicapped
'Cold' Prejudice
Low End of the Continuum
47. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Complexity
Stereotype
48. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Implicit Egoism
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
49. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
ABC Model
Social Learning Explanation
Insko (1965)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
50. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
High Elaboration (Central Route
Two Factor Theory of emotion