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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
2. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Message Processing Theories
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
'Ought' selves
3. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
High Self Monitors
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Need For Cognition NFC
ABC Model
4. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Central Route
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Rebound Effect
5. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Concept
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Common Peripheral Cues
6. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self-Perception Theory
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
7. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
'Ideal' selves
Self Complexity
8. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Message Processing Theories
9. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
'Ideal' selves
Self-Perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low Self Monitors
10. The people we want to be.
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11. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotype
12. Avoid effortful thinking.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Consistency Theories
'Cold' Prejudice
13. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Over Justification Effect
Self Presentation
Message Processing Theories
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
14. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Prejudice
Peripheral Route
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
15. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Contact Hypothesis
16. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self Presentation
Over Justification Effect
Behavioral= Discrimination
(PCG) Results
17. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Message Learning Approach Claims
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
18. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self Esteem
Implicit Association Test
The Need to Belong
19. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Self Expression
Common Peripheral Cues
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Stereotype
20. Doing something because you want to.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Intrinsic Motivation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
21. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Pros of Categorization
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
'Ought' selves
Key Factor of MLA
22. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
The Elaboration Continuum
Prejudice
Self Concept
Implicit Egoism
23. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
24. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Presentation
Implicit Egoism
25. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Stereotyping is generally associated with
'Hot' Prejudice
Terror Management Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
26. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(PCG) Results
Message Learning Approach
(Pelham) Positive Association
Insko (1965) Results
27. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Shaetner) Shocks
Problems of MLA
28. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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29. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Cons of Categorization
Low End of the Continuum
Peripheral Route
The Elaboration Continuum
30. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Self Complexity
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Subtype
'Ideal' selves
31. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Self Esteem
Message Learning Approach
Pros of Categorization
Social Learning Explanation
32. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
(Shaetner) Shocks
Leaning Theories
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
33. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Pros of Categorization
Key Factor of MLA
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Low Self Monitors
34. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Presentation
Social Categorization
35. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Modern research on stereotypes
36. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Low End of the Continuum
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
37. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Self-Perception Theory
Pros of Categorization
Intrinsic Motivation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
38. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
2 Components of The Social Self
Message Processing Theories
(Klein) False Feedback
39. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Stereotype
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Peripheral Route
40. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Low Self Monitors
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self-Perception Theory
41. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(PCG) Results
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
42. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
High Elaboration (Central Route
'Ought' selves
Staats and Staats (1957)
Big 3 Categories
43. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Why AOD?
44. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Stereotype
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
45. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
'Cold' Prejudice
Subtype
Stereotyping is generally associated with
46. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Implicit Egoism
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
47. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Big 3 Categories
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Modern research on stereotypes
48. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
Common Peripheral Cues
Staats and Staats (1957)
49. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self Monitoring
ABC Model
2 Components of The Social Self
50. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Social Categorization
Extrinsic Motivation
Cognitive= Stereotypes