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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Social Comparison Theory
2. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Message Processing Theories
Self Complexity
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
3. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Peripheral Route
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
High End of the Continuum
(PCG) Results
4. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Extrinsic Motivation
According to Self-perception Theory
(Pelham) Positive Association
5. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Social Comparison Theory
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
6. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
7. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Insko (1965)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Problems of MLA
8. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Low End of the Continuum
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
9. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Monitoring
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Cons of Categorization
'Hot' Prejudice
10. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
Self Esteem
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Affective= Prejudice
11. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
'Hot' Prejudice
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
12. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Prejudice
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
The Need to Belong
13. The people we want to be.
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14. Doing something because you want to.
Intrinsic Motivation
Behavioral= Discrimination
Low Self Monitors
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
15. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
2 Components of The Social Self
Social Categorization
Operant Conditioning
16. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
The Need to Belong
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
17. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Prejudice
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
18. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
High Self Monitors
Common Peripheral Cues
19. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Authoritarian Personality
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
20. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Modern research on stereotypes
Classical Conditioning
Big 3 Categories
21. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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22. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Affective= Prejudice
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
23. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Need For Cognition NFC
Affective= Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
Leaning Theories
24. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Discrimination
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Message Learning Approach
25. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Social Comparison Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
According to SPT
Prejudice
26. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Self Expression
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Cons of Categorization
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
27. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Cons of Categorization
Operant Conditioning
Intrinsic Motivation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
28. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Central Route
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
ABC Model
29. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Insko (1965)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Monitoring
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
30. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
High Elaboration (Central Route
Social Learning Explanation
Big 3 Categories
High Self Monitors
31. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(PCG) Results
Cons of Categorization
32. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Classical Conditioning
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
33. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
The Elaboration Continuum
Over Justification Effect
2 Components of The Social Self
Extrinsic Motivation
34. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
The Elaboration Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Hot' Prejudice
35. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Insko (1965)
Stereotype
'Hot' Prejudice
Behavioral= Discrimination
36. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
'Cold' Prejudice
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
The Elaboration Continuum
Need For Cognition NFC
37. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Insko (1965) Results
Self-Perception Theory
Classical Conditioning
38. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
The Need to Belong
Classical Conditioning
Self Concept
39. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Self Expression
Authoritarian Personality
Social Comparison Theory
According to SPT
40. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Central Route
(Shaetner) Shocks
Problems of MLA
41. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
'Ought' selves
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Discrimination
42. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
High Self Monitors
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
43. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Intrinsic Motivation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Pelham) Positive Association
Need For Cognition NFC
44. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Common Peripheral Cues
Cacioppo (1983) UI
45. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Staats and Staats (1957)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
46. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Classical Conditioning
Key Factor of MLA
Social Categorization
47. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Authoritarian Personality
Social Categorization
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
48. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
High Self Monitors
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Complexity
49. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
'Ought' selves
Social Categorization
Cons of Categorization
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
50. The people we want to be.
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