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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
(PCG) Results
Problems of MLA
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
2. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Enhancing Bias`
Authoritarian Personality
3. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
According to Self-perception Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
4. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Rebound Effect
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Authoritarian Personality
5. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
2 Components of The Social Self
Behavioral= Discrimination
Authoritarian Personality
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
6. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
2 Components of The Social Self
7. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Key Factor of MLA
Big 3 Categories
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
8. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Discrimination
The Elaboration Continuum
Operant Conditioning
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
9. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals High in NFC
Prejudice
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
10. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
High End of the Continuum
Why AOD?
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Central Route
11. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Social Categorization
Insko (1965) Results
12. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Modern research on stereotypes
According to Self-perception Theory
13. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Insko (1965)
Peripheral Route
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Low Self Monitors
14. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
'Ought' selves
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
15. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
High Self Monitors
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Pros of Categorization
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
16. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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17. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Message Learning Approach
High Elaboration (Central Route
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
18. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Message Learning Approach
Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Central Route
19. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Affective= Prejudice
20. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Social Categorization
Peripheral Route
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
21. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Learning Approach Claims
22. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Authoritarian Personality
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Handicapped
High End of the Continuum
23. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
The Elaboration Continuum
Low Self Monitors
Staats and Staats (1957)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
24. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
25. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Esteem
Extrinsic Motivation
26. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Social Learning Explanation
Self-Perception Theory
Authoritarian Personality
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
27. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
According to Self-perception Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
28. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Cons of Categorization
Need For Cognition NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
29. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
Two Factor Theory of emotion
'Cold' Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality
30. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
31. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Common Peripheral Cues
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High Self Monitors
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
32. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Social Categorization
Implicit Association Test
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Contact Hypothesis
33. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Self Presentation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Handicapped
34. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Intrinsic Motivation
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Central Route
35. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Implicit Association Test
Classical Conditioning
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Monitoring
36. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Staats and Staats (1957)
37. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Individuals Low in NFC
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive Consistency Theories
38. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
'Hot' Prejudice
Affective= Prejudice
Prejudice
Cognitive Consistency Theories
39. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Pelham) Positive Association
The Elaboration Continuum
Operant Conditioning
40. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Self Concept
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Klein) False Feedback
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
41. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Stereotype
Self Esteem
Self Monitoring
42. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Need For Cognition NFC
Self-Perception Theory
Authoritarian Personality
43. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Social Comparison Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
'Cold' Prejudice
44. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Enhancing Bias`
Over Justification Effect
45. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Social Comparison Theory
According to SPT
Stereotype
Authoritarian Personality
46. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Central Route
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
47. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Individuals Low in NFC
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
48. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
According to SPT
Social Comparison Theory
According to SPT
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
49. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Discrimination
Message Processing Theories
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Key Factor of MLA
50. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Leaning Theories
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Over Justification Effect
Is Prejudice Hardwired?