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Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Message Learning Approach
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
2. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
3. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
High Self Monitors
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Pros of Categorization
(Pelham) Positive Association
4. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Peripheral Route
Individuals High in NFC
Staats and Staats (1957)
5. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Stereotype
Pros of Categorization
Implicit Association Test
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
6. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
'Ideal' selves
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
7. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Presentation
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
8. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(PCG) Results
(Pelham) Positive Association
Intrinsic Motivation
9. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Cons of Categorization
Self Presentation
(Amabile) Adult Participants
10. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
The Need to Belong
Social Learning Explanation
11. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
12. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotype
Stereotyping is generally associated with
13. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
'Ideal' selves
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
14. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
15. Avoid effortful thinking.
Insko (1965)
Individuals Low in NFC
High Self Monitors
Key Factor of MLA
16. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Stereotype
Self Expression
Self Esteem
Pros of Categorization
17. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self-Perception Theory
18. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Enhancing Bias`
Insko (1965)
Self-Perception Theory
19. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Implicit Association Test
'Ideal' selves
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Problems of MLA
20. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Common Peripheral Cues
Classical Conditioning
Peripheral Route
'Ideal' selves
21. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Message Learning Approach
Message Processing Theories
Discrimination
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
22. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
High Self Monitors
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
23. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
The Elaboration Continuum
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Insko (1965) Results
24. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Self Monitoring
Self-Perception Theory
Self Presentation
25. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
26. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Leaning Theories
Modern research on stereotypes
27. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Social Learning Explanation
Contact Hypothesis
Two Factor Theory of emotion
28. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
The Elaboration Continuum
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
29. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
ABC Model
Terror Management Theory
Operant Conditioning
30. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Intrinsic Motivation
'Hot' Prejudice
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
31. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Insko (1965)
Extrinsic Motivation
2 Components of The Social Self
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
32. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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33. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Rebound Effect
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
According to Self-perception Theory
34. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
The Need to Belong
'Cold' Prejudice
Peripheral Route
35. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Message Processing Theories
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
36. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Self Complexity
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive= Stereotypes
37. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
2 Components of The Social Self
Self Enhancing Bias`
Authoritarian Personality
Insko (1965) Results
38. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
ABC Model
Staats and Staats (1957)
Big 3 Categories
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
39. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Terror Management Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
40. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Presentation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Why AOD?
41. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Extrinsic Motivation
Implicit Egoism
According to SPT
42. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Extrinsic Motivation
Cons of Categorization
According to Self-perception Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
43. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Discrimination
Self Enhancing Bias`
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
44. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Social Categorization
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Handicapped
Self Complexity
45. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Why AOD?
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Pelham) Positive Association
ABC Model
46. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
The Need to Belong
Subtype
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
47. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Presentation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Operant Conditioning
Peripheral Route
48. Avoid effortful thinking.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Individuals Low in NFC
Rebound Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
49. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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50. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Self Presentation
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Cons of Categorization
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