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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Presentation
Insko (1965) Results
Self Expression
2. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Intrinsic Motivation
Leaning Theories
Social Learning Explanation
(Shaetner) Shocks
3. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Individuals Low in NFC
Terror Management Theory
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Subtype
4. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
5. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Social Learning Explanation
Discrimination
Rebound Effect
6. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Big 3 Categories
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self-Perception Theory
7. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Message Processing Theories
Affective= Prejudice
8. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Central Route
Peripheral Route
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Insko (1965) Results
9. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Discrimination
Subtype
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
High Self Monitors
10. The people we think we should be.
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11. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Self Expression
Stereotype
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Subtype
12. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Individuals Low in NFC
Message Learning Approach Claims
Peripheral Route
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
13. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
'Ought' selves
14. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low End of the Continuum
15. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Message Processing Theories
High Self Monitors
'Ought' selves
Behavioral= Discrimination
16. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Shaetner) Shocks
'Hot' Prejudice
Message Processing Theories
17. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
ABC Model
Common Peripheral Cues
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self-Perception Theory
18. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Self Enhancing Bias`
Message Learning Approach Claims
Terror Management Theory
19. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
High Self Monitors
Individuals Low in NFC
20. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Low Self Monitors
(Pelham) Positive Association
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
21. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Low End of the Continuum
(Pelham) Positive Association
Low Self Monitors
22. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Staats and Staats (1957)
Classical Conditioning
Self Esteem
23. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
Message Learning Approach Claims
2 Components of The Social Self
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
24. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Affective= Prejudice
Self Concept
The Elaboration Continuum
25. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
High End of the Continuum
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Monitoring
26. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Amabile) Adult Participants
27. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Presentation
Self Expression
Self Concept
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
28. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Classical Conditioning
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Staats and Staats (1957)
29. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
'Hot' Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Central Route
30. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Pelham) Positive Association
31. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Cons of Categorization
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Implicit Egoism
32. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Individuals High in NFC
Low End of the Continuum
Discrimination
33. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Authoritarian Personality
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
34. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Over Justification Effect
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Extrinsic Motivation
Two Factor Theory of emotion
35. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Concept
According to Self-perception Theory
'Ideal' selves
36. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Intrinsic Motivation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Extrinsic Motivation
Individuals High in NFC
37. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Central Route
Peripheral Route
38. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
High Self Monitors
Insko (1965) Results
Classical Conditioning
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
39. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Central Route
2 Components of The Social Self
Contact Hypothesis
Self Concept
40. The people we want to be.
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41. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Modern research on stereotypes
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
42. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
43. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Operant Conditioning
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
44. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Common Peripheral Cues
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals High in NFC
Individuals Low in NFC
45. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self-Perception Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
46. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Insko (1965)
Self Enhancing Bias`
47. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
(PCG) Results
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Pros of Categorization
According to SPT
48. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Cons of Categorization
The Elaboration Continuum
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
49. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Over Justification Effect
Pros of Categorization
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
50. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Common Peripheral Cues
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Contact Hypothesis