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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
The Elaboration Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Discrimination
2. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach
Message Learning Approach Claims
High Self Monitors
Self-Discrepancy Theory
3. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Big 3 Categories
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
High Elaboration (Central Route
According to Self-perception Theory
4. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Expression
Discrimination
Staats and Staats (1957)
5. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Intrinsic Motivation
6. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
The Need to Belong
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Presentation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
7. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
High End of the Continuum
Key Factor of MLA
(Shaetner) Shocks
8. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Peripheral Route
Rebound Effect
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
9. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Message Learning Approach
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Subtype
10. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(PCG) Results
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Message Processing Theories
11. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
Social Categorization
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Classical Conditioning
12. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Social Comparison Theory
Self Presentation
Contact Hypothesis
(Amabile) Adult Participants
13. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
2 Components of The Social Self
Authoritarian Personality
Contact Hypothesis
14. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Message Processing Theories
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
15. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Classical Conditioning
Implicit Association Test
16. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Stereotype
Social Categorization
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Monitoring
17. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Implicit Association Test
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Insko (1965)
18. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Consistency Theories
'Ought' selves
19. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Classical Conditioning
According to Self-perception Theory
Problems of MLA
20. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Shaetner) Shocks
Low End of the Continuum
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
21. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Modern research on stereotypes
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Implicit Egoism
22. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
High Elaboration (Central Route
Low Self Monitors
23. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Terror Management Theory
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Message Learning Approach
24. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Concept
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
High Elaboration (Central Route
25. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Implicit Association Test
Social Comparison Theory
Self Enhancing Bias`
26. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Need For Cognition NFC
Cognitive Consistency Theories
High End of the Continuum
Contact Hypothesis
27. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Self Esteem
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Cognitive= Stereotypes
28. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Implicit Association Test
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
High Self Monitors
Affective= Prejudice
29. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Modern research on stereotypes
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Why AOD?
'Ought' selves
30. The people we think we should be.
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31. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Individuals High in NFC
Central Route
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
32. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
The Elaboration Continuum
Terror Management Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
Central Route
33. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Insko (1965)
(Shaetner) Shocks
34. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
2 Components of The Social Self
Self-Perception Theory
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Insko (1965)
35. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Social Comparison Theory
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
36. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Extrinsic Motivation
Peripheral Route
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
37. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Self Complexity
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Prejudice
38. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Big 3 Categories
According to Self-perception Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
39. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Rebound Effect
Self Presentation
2 Components of The Social Self
Big 3 Categories
40. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Key Factor of MLA
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Message Learning Approach Claims
41. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Stereotype
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Expression
42. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals High in NFC
Self Complexity
43. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Social Comparison Theory
44. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
High End of the Continuum
Subtype
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
45. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Prejudice
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Klein) False Feedback
46. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Self-Perception Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Two Factor Theory of emotion
47. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
ABC Model
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
'Ideal' selves
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
48. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Klein) False Feedback
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
'Ought' selves
49. Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
Pros of Categorization
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
50. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
According to Self-perception Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self-Discrepancy Theory