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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
According to Self-perception Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
2. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Common Peripheral Cues
Big 3 Categories
High End of the Continuum
3. Avoid effortful thinking.
Individuals Low in NFC
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Perception Theory
Peripheral Route
4. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Modern research on stereotypes
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Social Learning Explanation
(Pelham) Positive Association
5. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Why AOD?
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
6. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
'Hot' Prejudice
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
7. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
ABC Model
Affective= Prejudice
High Self Monitors
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
8. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Terror Management Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
9. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
2 Components of The Social Self
10. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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11. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
Pros of Categorization
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Individuals High in NFC
12. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Leaning Theories
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cognitive= Stereotypes
13. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
ABC Model
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Esteem
14. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Subtype
'Ought' selves
Message Learning Approach Claims
15. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Pros of Categorization
Rebound Effect
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
16. Message Learning Approach
The Need to Belong
Classical Conditioning
High Elaboration (Central Route
Leaning Theories
17. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Comparison Theory
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Social Learning Explanation
Social Comparison Theory
18. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Klein) False Feedback
Implicit Egoism
Individuals Low in NFC
19. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Implicit Egoism
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Why AOD?
20. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Self Esteem
Over Justification Effect
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
21. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Self Esteem
Prejudice
The Need to Belong
Terror Management Theory
22. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Classical Conditioning
Self-Perception Theory
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
23. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Common Peripheral Cues
Intrinsic Motivation
Message Learning Approach Claims
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
24. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
'Ideal' selves
Stereotype
Why AOD?
25. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
The Need to Belong
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
The Elaboration Continuum
26. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Pros of Categorization
'Cold' Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Authoritarian Personality
27. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Complexity
28. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Classical Conditioning
Message Processing Theories
(PCG) Results
29. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Cons of Categorization
30. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Classical Conditioning
31. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Message Learning Approach
According to SPT
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
32. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
(Shaetner) Shocks
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
33. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
34. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Presentation
Social Learning Explanation
Over Justification Effect
35. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Concept
(PCG) Results
Self-Discrepancy Theory
36. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
(Amabile) Adult Participants
According to Self-perception Theory
Operant Conditioning
37. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
The Need to Belong
(Shaetner) Shocks
'Cold' Prejudice
38. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Classical Conditioning
Over Justification Effect
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Extrinsic Motivation
39. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Big 3 Categories
'Hot' Prejudice
Classical Conditioning
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
40. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Expression
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Pros of Categorization
41. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
42. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Self Monitoring
Pros of Categorization
Implicit Egoism
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
43. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
44. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Prejudice
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
45. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
46. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Klein) False Feedback
Modern research on stereotypes
47. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
Operant Conditioning
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
48. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Message Learning Approach Claims
49. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High Elaboration (Central Route
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Contact Hypothesis
50. Superficial Processing.
Individuals High in NFC
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups