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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The people we think we should be.
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2. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Modern research on stereotypes
(PCG) Results
Problems of MLA
3. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Leaning Theories
Discrimination
4. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Big 3 Categories
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
5. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
Message Learning Approach
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotyping is generally associated with
6. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Message Processing Theories
Implicit Association Test
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self-Perception Theory
7. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Message Learning Approach
High Self Monitors
Problems of MLA
8. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
The Need to Belong
According to SPT
Low End of the Continuum
9. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Insko (1965) Results
Classical Conditioning
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
10. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Message Learning Approach
11. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Social Comparison Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
12. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Shaetner) Shocks
Pros of Categorization
Operant Conditioning
13. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
According to Self-perception Theory
Why AOD?
14. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Intrinsic Motivation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Need For Cognition NFC
15. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Handicapped
Self Expression
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
16. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Complexity
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
The Need to Belong
17. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Social Comparison Theory
The Need to Belong
Social Categorization
18. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self-Perception Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Individuals Low in NFC
(Klein) False Feedback
19. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Need For Cognition NFC
Contact Hypothesis
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
20. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Operant Conditioning
Message Learning Approach Claims
Implicit Association Test
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
21. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Authoritarian Personality
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
22. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Need For Cognition NFC
Social Learning Explanation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
23. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Subtype
Self Esteem
Classical Conditioning
Big 3 Categories
24. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(PCG) Results
Self Monitoring
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
25. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Need For Cognition NFC
Message Learning Approach Claims
Stereotype
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
26. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Cons of Categorization
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Common Peripheral Cues
Cognitive Consistency Theories
27. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
28. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Rebound Effect
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Implicit Association Test
29. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Presentation
Over Justification Effect
30. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Classical Conditioning
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Prejudice
31. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
High End of the Continuum
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
High Self Monitors
32. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self-Perception Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
33. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Intrinsic Motivation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Social Learning Explanation
Two Factor Theory of emotion
34. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Self Complexity
Cons of Categorization
Common Peripheral Cues
Insko (1965) Results
35. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Peripheral Route
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
36. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Contact Hypothesis
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Implicit Association Test
Implicit Association Test
37. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
'Cold' Prejudice
Subtype
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
38. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Low Self Monitors
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Problems of MLA
Staats and Staats (1957)
39. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Discrimination
The Need to Belong
40. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
2 Components of The Social Self
High End of the Continuum
Insko (1965) Results
41. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
According to Self-perception Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
42. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Individuals High in NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
43. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Message Learning Approach Claims
Why AOD?
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
44. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
2 Components of The Social Self
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Operant Conditioning
45. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
The Elaboration Continuum
Self Monitoring
2 Components of The Social Self
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
46. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
High End of the Continuum
47. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Operant Conditioning
Staats and Staats (1957)
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
48. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Low End of the Continuum
Self Handicapped
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Operant Conditioning
49. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals High in NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Over Justification Effect
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
50. Stereotyping Increases as.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Affective= Prejudice
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)