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Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Leaning Theories
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Amabile) Adult Participants
2. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self-Perception Theory
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Handicapped
3. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Message Learning Approach Claims
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
4. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Cons of Categorization
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
5. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Monitoring
Common Peripheral Cues
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
6. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
Self Handicapped
(Pelham) Positive Association
Individuals Low in NFC
7. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Klein) False Feedback
Cons of Categorization
8. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Social Comparison Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Presentation
9. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Implicit Egoism
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Insko (1965) Results
10. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Enhancing Bias`
Big 3 Categories
11. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Need For Cognition NFC
Intrinsic Motivation
Social Learning Explanation
12. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Presentation
Individuals Low in NFC
Discrimination
13. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Big 3 Categories
Social Learning Explanation
Pros of Categorization
14. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
According to SPT
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
15. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Affective= Prejudice
Peripheral Route
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Problems of MLA
16. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Implicit Egoism
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Processing Theories
Behavioral= Discrimination
17. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
According to Self-perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Handicapped
18. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Rebound Effect
19. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Low End of the Continuum
Social Categorization
Stereotype
20. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
Modern research on stereotypes
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Two Factor Theory of emotion
21. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Presentation
According to Self-perception Theory
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
22. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
Self Enhancing Bias`
23. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Behavioral= Discrimination
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Insko (1965)
24. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
(PCG) Results
ABC Model
Self Esteem
Common Peripheral Cues
25. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
(Amabile) Adult Participants
The Elaboration Continuum
Leaning Theories
Social Learning Explanation
26. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Over Justification Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
27. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Central Route
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
28. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
Implicit Egoism
2 Components of The Social Self
29. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
2 Components of The Social Self
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
30. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Rebound Effect
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
31. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Self Concept
'Ought' selves
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Extrinsic Motivation
32. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Extrinsic Motivation
Social Categorization
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Low Self Monitors
33. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
2 Components of The Social Self
Affective= Prejudice
Prejudice
34. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Subtype
Cons of Categorization
'Cold' Prejudice
35. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
(PCG) Results
Subtype
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
36. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
(PCG) Results
According to Self-perception Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Social Categorization
37. The people we want to be.
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38. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Modern research on stereotypes
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Message Learning Approach Claims
39. Doing something because you want to.
Problems of MLA
Big 3 Categories
Intrinsic Motivation
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
40. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Complexity
41. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Klein) False Feedback
Central Route
42. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Key Factor of MLA
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Common Peripheral Cues
Modern research on stereotypes
43. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Self Concept
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(PCG) Results
(Amabile) Adult Participants
44. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Stereotype
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
45. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
(Klein) False Feedback
Leaning Theories
Self Expression
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
46. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Esteem
Self Expression
47. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Message Learning Approach
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
48. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Message Learning Approach Claims
49. The people we think we should be.
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50. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Classical Conditioning
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Klein) False Feedback
(Pelham) Positive Association
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