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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Cons of Categorization
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Classical Conditioning
2. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Operant Conditioning
Over Justification Effect
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
3. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Implicit Association Test
Insko (1965)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High Elaboration (Central Route
4. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
ABC Model
Self Esteem
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
5. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Leaning Theories
Social Comparison Theory
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
'Hot' Prejudice
6. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Extrinsic Motivation
The Elaboration Continuum
Cognitive= Stereotypes
7. Doing something because you want to.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
According to Self-perception Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
8. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Behavioral= Discrimination
Authoritarian Personality
The Elaboration Continuum
9. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Social Comparison Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Intrinsic Motivation
10. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Individuals Low in NFC
Staats and Staats (1957)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
11. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Low End of the Continuum
12. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Modern research on stereotypes
(Pelham) Positive Association
ABC Model
Stereotype
13. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Rebound Effect
(Amabile) Adult Participants
14. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Pros of Categorization
'Cold' Prejudice
Contact Hypothesis
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
15. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Implicit Egoism
Stereotype
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cacioppo (1983) UI
16. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
'Ideal' selves
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
17. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Self Concept
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Shaetner) Shocks
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
18. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Intrinsic Motivation
19. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
'Ideal' selves
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cacioppo (1983) UI
20. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Message Learning Approach
(PCG) Results
(Pelham) Positive Association
According to Self-perception Theory
21. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Intrinsic Motivation
Message Processing Theories
(Pelham) Positive Association
Contact Hypothesis
22. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
'Hot' Prejudice
According to Self-perception Theory
Why AOD?
23. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self Complexity
Self Presentation
24. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Extrinsic Motivation
'Ought' selves
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
High End of the Continuum
25. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Implicit Egoism
Cognitive Consistency Theories
26. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Affective= Prejudice
(Pelham) Positive Association
Insko (1965) Results
Terror Management Theory
27. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
High End of the Continuum
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
28. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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29. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Perception Theory
Insko (1965)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
30. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Insko (1965)
Insko (1965)
Self Presentation
31. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Insko (1965)
Self Presentation
Intrinsic Motivation
32. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Contact Hypothesis
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Operant Conditioning
33. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
2 Components of The Social Self
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Contact Hypothesis
(Pelham) Positive Association
34. Superficial Processing.
Pros of Categorization
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Social Comparison Theory
35. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
'Hot' Prejudice
Self-Perception Theory
'Hot' Prejudice
36. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Common Peripheral Cues
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self Monitoring
37. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Esteem
38. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Individuals High in NFC
39. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
'Cold' Prejudice
40. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Extrinsic Motivation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Perception Theory
41. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
42. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Pros of Categorization
Self Handicapped
43. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Self-Perception Theory
Insko (1965) Results
'Hot' Prejudice
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
44. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Pros of Categorization
Low End of the Continuum
Behavioral= Discrimination
45. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Why AOD?
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
46. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Key Factor of MLA
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
47. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Leaning Theories
Message Processing Theories
48. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Big 3 Categories
Rebound Effect
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
'Ideal' selves
49. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Insko (1965)
Why AOD?
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
50. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Peripheral Route
Self Concept
Behavioral= Discrimination