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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Subtype
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Complexity
2. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
2 Components of The Social Self
3. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Why AOD?
The Elaboration Continuum
4. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Discrimination
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self-Perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
5. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Low End of the Continuum
Insko (1965)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
6. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
The Elaboration Continuum
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Cons of Categorization
7. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cons of Categorization
Self Esteem
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
8. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Key Factor of MLA
(Klein) False Feedback
Rebound Effect
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
9. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Leaning Theories
Self Esteem
10. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Implicit Association Test
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Classical Conditioning
Insko (1965) Results
11. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Contact Hypothesis
12. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Self Handicapped
Authoritarian Personality
Affective= Prejudice
Contact Hypothesis
13. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Stereotype
14. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Pros of Categorization
(PCG) Results
Cacioppo (1983) UI
High End of the Continuum
15. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Why AOD?
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Klein) False Feedback
16. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Handicapped
Extrinsic Motivation
17. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Klein) False Feedback
Social Categorization
Modern research on stereotypes
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
18. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
The Need to Belong
'Cold' Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
19. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Social Categorization
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
The Need to Belong
Cognitive Consistency Theories
20. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
21. Superficial Processing.
Why AOD?
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Affective= Prejudice
Self Monitoring
22. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Contact Hypothesis
2 Components of The Social Self
High Self Monitors
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
23. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Low Self Monitors
Message Learning Approach
ABC Model
Self-Perception Theory
24. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Individuals Low in NFC
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Extrinsic Motivation
25. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
High Elaboration (Central Route
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
26. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Message Processing Theories
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Prejudice
27. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Monitoring
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
28. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Behavioral= Discrimination
Implicit Association Test
According to Self-perception Theory
29. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
'Ought' selves
30. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Over Justification Effect
'Ideal' selves
31. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Discrimination
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Operant Conditioning
32. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
High End of the Continuum
Self Concept
Stereotype
33. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self-Perception Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
34. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Handicapped
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
35. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Insko (1965) Results
Cons of Categorization
36. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
According to SPT
(PCG) Results
'Ideal' selves
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
37. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
38. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Peripheral Route
ABC Model
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Cons of Categorization
39. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
According to SPT
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
ABC Model
40. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotype
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Social Learning Explanation
41. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Esteem
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
42. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Individuals Low in NFC
Social Categorization
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
43. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Peripheral Route
Modern research on stereotypes
Cognitive Consistency Theories
44. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Individuals High in NFC
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Discrimination
45. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Terror Management Theory
'Ought' selves
Behavioral= Discrimination
Intrinsic Motivation
46. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
'Ought' selves
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Expression
Insko (1965)
47. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Concept
Low Self Monitors
Cons of Categorization
48. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Problems of MLA
2 Components of The Social Self
Classical Conditioning
Insko (1965) Results
49. Message Learning Approach
Stereotype
Leaning Theories
Affective= Prejudice
Self Presentation
50. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Complexity
According to Self-perception Theory
Self Presentation