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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Low End of the Continuum
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High End of the Continuum
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
2. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Low Self Monitors
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Concept
3. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Perception Theory
Modern research on stereotypes
4. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Message Processing Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
The Need to Belong
High Elaboration (Central Route
5. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
6. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Extrinsic Motivation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
7. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self Presentation
Implicit Egoism
Self-Perception Theory
Self Concept
8. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Contact Hypothesis
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
9. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Implicit Association Test
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
10. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Message Processing Theories
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Affective= Prejudice
Prejudice
11. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Big 3 Categories
(Pelham) Positive Association
'Cold' Prejudice
Behavioral= Discrimination
12. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Key Factor of MLA
The Need to Belong
13. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Message Processing Theories
Key Factor of MLA
Self Presentation
Prejudice
14. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Central Route
High Elaboration (Central Route
High Self Monitors
15. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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16. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Learning Approach Claims
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
17. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Insko (1965)
Self Concept
Self Handicapped
18. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
19. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Social Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
Affective= Prejudice
20. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Self Handicapped
Stereotyping is generally associated with
21. The people we think we should be.
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22. The people we want to be.
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23. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Individuals Low in NFC
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classical Conditioning
24. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Esteem
The Elaboration Continuum
25. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Social Categorization
Cacioppo (1983) UI
26. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Insko (1965) Results
According to Self-perception Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
27. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Central Route
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
28. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self Concept
Key Factor of MLA
Low End of the Continuum
High Elaboration (Central Route
29. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
Social Learning Explanation
Message Learning Approach
(Shaetner) Shocks
30. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Terror Management Theory
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
31. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Central Route
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Klein) False Feedback
32. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Problems of MLA
Common Peripheral Cues
33. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Stereotype
Affective= Prejudice
Individuals High in NFC
Prejudice
34. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Stereotype
Affective= Prejudice
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
35. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Prejudice
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Contact Hypothesis
36. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Social Categorization
Message Processing Theories
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cacioppo (1983) UI
37. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Self Monitoring
Low Self Monitors
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Social Comparison Theory
38. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Handicapped
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Processing Theories
39. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Authoritarian Personality
Social Comparison Theory
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cognitive= Stereotypes
40. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Self Concept
Contact Hypothesis
Terror Management Theory
Key Factor of MLA
41. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(PCG) Results
Peripheral Route
42. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Low End of the Continuum
Low Self Monitors
Rebound Effect
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
43. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Authoritarian Personality
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
'Ideal' selves
44. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Low End of the Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Common Peripheral Cues
45. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Problems of MLA
Individuals High in NFC
Self Expression
46. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Authoritarian Personality
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(PCG) Results
Affective= Prejudice
47. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Social Categorization
Social Comparison Theory
Self Esteem
Self Concept
48. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Pros of Categorization
49. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
50. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Key Factor of MLA
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Klein) False Feedback
Implicit Egoism