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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Low End of the Continuum
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
2. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Insko (1965) Results
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Handicapped
3. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Self Presentation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Social Categorization
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
4. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Social Categorization
Classical Conditioning
Message Learning Approach Claims
High Self Monitors
5. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Pros of Categorization
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Presentation
'Hot' Prejudice
6. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Ought' selves
Over Justification Effect
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
7. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Authoritarian Personality
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Classical Conditioning
Low Self Monitors
8. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Cons of Categorization
Insko (1965) Results
High End of the Continuum
According to Self-perception Theory
9. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Prejudice
Subtype
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Affective= Prejudice
10. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Low End of the Continuum
Cognitive Consistency Theories
11. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Presentation
Self-Perception Theory
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
12. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
According to SPT
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
13. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Self Esteem
Low Self Monitors
Social Comparison Theory
Message Learning Approach
14. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Intrinsic Motivation
'Ought' selves
15. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Concept
Social Learning Explanation
(Klein) False Feedback
16. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Insko (1965) Results
Self Concept
17. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
ABC Model
Affective= Prejudice
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
18. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Message Learning Approach Claims
The Elaboration Continuum
Stereotype
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
19. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Stereotype
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
20. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Modern research on stereotypes
(Shaetner) Shocks
Subtype
21. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Operant Conditioning
Self Esteem
Low Self Monitors
22. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Self Expression
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Low End of the Continuum
2 Components of The Social Self
23. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Concept
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Rebound Effect
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
24. Stereotyping Increases as.
Cons of Categorization
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Discrimination
25. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
Low Self Monitors
Insko (1965) Results
Subtype
26. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Implicit Association Test
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Low End of the Continuum
27. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Message Processing Theories
Discrimination
Behavioral= Discrimination
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
28. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
'Ought' selves
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Why AOD?
Social Comparison Theory
29. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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30. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
31. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Message Processing Theories
Message Learning Approach
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Presentation
32. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Pelham) Positive Association
Insko (1965) Results
Insko (1965)
33. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Complexity
Low Self Monitors
34. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Contact Hypothesis
Message Learning Approach
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
35. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
36. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Central Route
Two Factor Theory of emotion
37. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self-Perception Theory
Low Self Monitors
Message Learning Approach Claims
38. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Behavioral= Discrimination
'Hot' Prejudice
39. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Esteem
'Ideal' selves
Low Self Monitors
40. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
41. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Implicit Egoism
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self-Perception Theory
42. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
The Elaboration Continuum
Discrimination
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
43. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Message Processing Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Expression
44. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Stereotype
Staats and Staats (1957)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Rebound Effect
45. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Stereotype
'Ideal' selves
According to SPT
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
46. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
According to Self-perception Theory
Classical Conditioning
Self Complexity
Self Presentation
47. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Terror Management Theory
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Amabile) Adult Participants
48. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Big 3 Categories
Rebound Effect
Social Learning Explanation
49. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
According to SPT
High Self Monitors
Over Justification Effect
50. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Monitoring
Modern research on stereotypes