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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self-Perception Theory
Implicit Association Test
Self Monitoring
2. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Message Processing Theories
Key Factor of MLA
3. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Message Processing Theories
Central Route
Discrimination
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
4. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
ABC Model
Terror Management Theory
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Amabile) Adult Participants
5. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Extrinsic Motivation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
'Hot' Prejudice
6. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Implicit Association Test
2 Components of The Social Self
'Cold' Prejudice
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
7. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Operant Conditioning
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Ideal' selves
8. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Problems of MLA
Need For Cognition NFC
9. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Modern research on stereotypes
Stereotype
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals Low in NFC
10. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
'Ought' selves
Low End of the Continuum
Affective= Prejudice
11. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Message Processing Theories
12. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Self Esteem
The Elaboration Continuum
(Klein) False Feedback
Implicit Egoism
13. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Implicit Association Test
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Intrinsic Motivation
14. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
According to Self-perception Theory
'Ought' selves
15. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
16. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Message Learning Approach Claims
Message Processing Theories
17. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Discrimination
Stereotype
Social Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
18. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
High Self Monitors
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Enhancing Bias`
19. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Leaning Theories
Implicit Egoism
Self Handicapped
20. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Affective= Prejudice
According to SPT
Extrinsic Motivation
21. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
'Ought' selves
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self Presentation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
22. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
2 Components of The Social Self
23. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Extrinsic Motivation
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
24. Message Learning Approach
Problems of MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
ABC Model
Leaning Theories
25. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Intrinsic Motivation
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High Elaboration (Central Route
26. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Low Self Monitors
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
27. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Key Factor of MLA
High Self Monitors
Insko (1965) Results
28. Avoid effortful thinking.
(Klein) False Feedback
'Ideal' selves
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Individuals Low in NFC
29. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Individuals High in NFC
Central Route
Authoritarian Personality
30. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
Message Processing Theories
Message Learning Approach Claims
31. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
According to Self-perception Theory
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Two Factor Theory of emotion
'Cold' Prejudice
32. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Classical Conditioning
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
33. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Social Comparison Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
34. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Social Learning Explanation
Common Peripheral Cues
Modern research on stereotypes
35. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Concept
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
36. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Self Expression
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Terror Management Theory
Leaning Theories
37. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Common Peripheral Cues
38. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Classical Conditioning
39. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Affective= Prejudice
Contact Hypothesis
Operant Conditioning
Message Learning Approach Claims
40. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Insko (1965)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Concept
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
41. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Social Learning Explanation
According to Self-perception Theory
Implicit Egoism
42. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Subtype
Cacioppo (1983) UI
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
43. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Enhancing Bias`
The Need to Belong
44. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
(Klein) False Feedback
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
45. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Presentation
High Self Monitors
46. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
'Hot' Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Esteem
Insko (1965)
47. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Self Handicapped
Behavioral= Discrimination
Insko (1965)
Authoritarian Personality
48. Superficial Processing.
Big 3 Categories
Implicit Egoism
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotyping is generally associated with
49. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
Individuals High in NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive Consistency Theories
50. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Problems of MLA
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
According to SPT
Message Learning Approach Claims