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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Contact Hypothesis
Cons of Categorization
Operant Conditioning
2. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Affective= Prejudice
Over Justification Effect
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
3. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Terror Management Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
According to SPT
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
4. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
The Elaboration Continuum
Implicit Association Test
Affective= Prejudice
5. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
High End of the Continuum
Prejudice
Terror Management Theory
6. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Intrinsic Motivation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Insko (1965) Results
Common Peripheral Cues
7. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
'Hot' Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotype
Authoritarian Personality
8. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Terror Management Theory
Classical Conditioning
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self-Perception Theory
9. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Extrinsic Motivation
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
10. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Individuals High in NFC
Self Monitoring
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Stereotyping is generally associated with
11. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
12. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Authoritarian Personality
Cacioppo (1983) UI
13. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Insko (1965)
Key Factor of MLA
Low Self Monitors
14. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
Message Processing Theories
According to Self-perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
15. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
The Elaboration Continuum
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Monitoring
Implicit Association Test
16. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Social Comparison Theory
17. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Need For Cognition NFC
18. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Klein) False Feedback
'Cold' Prejudice
19. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Terror Management Theory
Rebound Effect
High Elaboration (Central Route
20. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
21. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Insko (1965) Results
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Modern research on stereotypes
22. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
The Need to Belong
Key Factor of MLA
Staats and Staats (1957)
23. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Problems of MLA
Authoritarian Personality
Insko (1965)
24. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Authoritarian Personality
Intrinsic Motivation
25. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Cons of Categorization
Behavioral= Discrimination
Implicit Association Test
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
26. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Key Factor of MLA
Prejudice
High Self Monitors
Affective= Prejudice
27. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Self Expression
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
28. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Pros of Categorization
'Ought' selves
Self Presentation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
29. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
30. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Leaning Theories
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Handicapped
31. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Operant Conditioning
Central Route
32. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
ABC Model
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
2 Components of The Social Self
33. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Expression
Stereotype
34. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Individuals High in NFC
Over Justification Effect
The Elaboration Continuum
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
35. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Leaning Theories
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Staats and Staats (1957)
36. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Operant Conditioning
Self Presentation
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Insko (1965)
37. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
ABC Model
Self Handicapped
38. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Why AOD?
Problems of MLA
'Hot' Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
39. Doing something because you want to.
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Complexity
Self Handicapped
Low Self Monitors
40. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Big 3 Categories
Message Learning Approach
41. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
Modern research on stereotypes
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Common Peripheral Cues
42. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Stereotype
Self-Perception Theory
Rebound Effect
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
43. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Self Concept
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Presentation
Insko (1965)
44. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Leaning Theories
Social Learning Explanation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Common Peripheral Cues
45. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Affective= Prejudice
ABC Model
46. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Discrimination
(Shaetner) Shocks
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Social Categorization
47. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
48. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Affective= Prejudice
Social Categorization
Central Route
Self Monitoring
49. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Key Factor of MLA
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Extrinsic Motivation
50. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Self-Perception Theory
Discrimination
Implicit Association Test
Key Factor of MLA