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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Subtype
Self Complexity
Individuals Low in NFC
2. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Why AOD?
Self Concept
3. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Leaning Theories
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
According to SPT
(Pelham) Positive Association
4. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
5. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Common Peripheral Cues
Social Learning Explanation
Social Learning Explanation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
6. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Prejudice
Message Learning Approach Claims
7. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Operant Conditioning
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Terror Management Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
8. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Message Learning Approach
Cons of Categorization
Prejudice
Discrimination
9. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
ABC Model
(Pelham) Positive Association
Message Learning Approach Claims
Peripheral Route
10. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
11. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Insko (1965) Results
According to SPT
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Problems of MLA
12. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Insko (1965) Results
Contact Hypothesis
Affective= Prejudice
Problems of MLA
13. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
According to Self-perception Theory
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
14. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
'Hot' Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
'Ought' selves
Key Factor of MLA
15. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
16. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Subtype
'Hot' Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
17. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
18. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cons of Categorization
Peripheral Route
Cons of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
19. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Prejudice
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Self Complexity
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
20. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Common Peripheral Cues
Big 3 Categories
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
21. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Self Concept
Insko (1965) Results
Behavioral= Discrimination
High Self Monitors
22. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
2 Components of The Social Self
Insko (1965)
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self-Perception Theory
23. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Self Complexity
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
'Ought' selves
Self Enhancing Bias`
24. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
'Cold' Prejudice
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(PCG) Results
The Elaboration Continuum
25. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self-Perception Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
Big 3 Categories
26. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
'Hot' Prejudice
'Cold' Prejudice
Insko (1965)
Self Esteem
27. Avoid effortful thinking.
Individuals Low in NFC
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self-Perception Theory
Problems of MLA
28. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
'Ought' selves
Problems of MLA
29. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Central Route
Low End of the Continuum
30. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Individuals Low in NFC
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Terror Management Theory
31. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Klein) False Feedback
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
32. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Complexity
(Shaetner) Shocks
33. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Operant Conditioning
Extrinsic Motivation
Low Self Monitors
34. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low End of the Continuum
35. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Self Enhancing Bias`
Insko (1965) Results
(Klein) False Feedback
ABC Model
36. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Classical Conditioning
Self Enhancing Bias`
Cognitive= Stereotypes
37. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Subtype
The Need to Belong
Pros of Categorization
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
38. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
Self Enhancing Bias`
39. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Central Route
2 Components of The Social Self
Social Categorization
Implicit Egoism
40. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Handicapped
ABC Model
Leaning Theories
41. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Self Monitoring
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Modern research on stereotypes
42. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
ABC Model
Staats and Staats (1957)
According to Self-perception Theory
Self Concept
43. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Pros of Categorization
(PCG) Results
Two Factor Theory of emotion
44. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Common Peripheral Cues
Classical Conditioning
45. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Implicit Egoism
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Leaning Theories
46. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Low Self Monitors
'Hot' Prejudice
Message Learning Approach
47. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
'Cold' Prejudice
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
48. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
The Need to Belong
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
49. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Common Peripheral Cues
Contact Hypothesis
The Need to Belong
Affective= Prejudice
50. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Implicit Association Test
High End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
ABC Model