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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Cons of Categorization
Low End of the Continuum
Operant Conditioning
According to Self-perception Theory
2. Doing something because you want to.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Social Learning Explanation
3. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Monitoring
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Message Processing Theories
4. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Implicit Association Test
5. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cons of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
6. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self-Perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
7. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classical Conditioning
High Self Monitors
Peripheral Route
8. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Monitoring
Self-Perception Theory
9. The people we want to be.
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10. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Authoritarian Personality
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Over Justification Effect
Contact Hypothesis
11. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Problems of MLA
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Affective= Prejudice
12. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Social Learning Explanation
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High End of the Continuum
Individuals High in NFC
13. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
14. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Esteem
Stereotype
15. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Pros of Categorization
Social Comparison Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
16. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Amabile) Adult Participants
17. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
The Need to Belong
Why AOD?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
19. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Cons of Categorization
Modern research on stereotypes
High End of the Continuum
Need For Cognition NFC
20. Superficial Processing.
Big 3 Categories
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Subtype
Stereotyping is generally associated with
21. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
The Elaboration Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
22. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
The Elaboration Continuum
23. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Leaning Theories
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Insko (1965)
Individuals High in NFC
24. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Operant Conditioning
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
25. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Authoritarian Personality
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Pros of Categorization
ABC Model
26. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Implicit Association Test
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Discrimination
27. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
28. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Authoritarian Personality
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Central Route
29. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Terror Management Theory
Self Concept
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
30. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Affective= Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Individuals High in NFC
High Self Monitors
31. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
2 Components of The Social Self
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Handicapped
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
32. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Discrimination
High End of the Continuum
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
33. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Esteem
Insko (1965)
34. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Social Comparison Theory
High End of the Continuum
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Need For Cognition NFC
35. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
36. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Self-Perception Theory
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Low Self Monitors
37. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Presentation
Staats and Staats (1957)
38. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Big 3 Categories
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
39. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
40. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Common Peripheral Cues
Message Learning Approach Claims
41. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to Self-perception Theory
According to SPT
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
42. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self Concept
The Need to Belong
'Hot' Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
43. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Common Peripheral Cues
Implicit Association Test
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Authoritarian Personality
44. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Presentation
Problems of MLA
Self Enhancing Bias`
45. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Classical Conditioning
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Subtype
46. Message Learning Approach
According to Self-perception Theory
Social Categorization
Leaning Theories
Need For Cognition NFC
47. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Presentation
Message Learning Approach
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
48. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
High Elaboration (Central Route
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
49. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Cons of Categorization
50. Avoid effortful thinking.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Individuals Low in NFC
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Esteem