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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Message Processing Theories
Stereotyping is generally associated with
High Elaboration (Central Route
The Elaboration Continuum
2. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Contact Hypothesis
Prejudice
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Individuals Low in NFC
3. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Extrinsic Motivation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
4. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Prejudice
5. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Contact Hypothesis
High Self Monitors
Insko (1965) Results
6. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
'Ought' selves
'Ought' selves
Rebound Effect
7. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Affective= Prejudice
Discrimination
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
ABC Model
8. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
9. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
10. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Self Concept
High Self Monitors
Subtype
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
11. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Expression
Common Peripheral Cues
12. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Staats and Staats (1957)
Pros of Categorization
Extrinsic Motivation
13. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Pelham) Positive Association
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Cons of Categorization
14. Superficial Processing.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
15. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Social Learning Explanation
Insko (1965)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
16. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Need For Cognition NFC
Leaning Theories
Big 3 Categories
Problems of MLA
17. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self-Perception Theory
High End of the Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
Message Learning Approach Claims
18. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
'Cold' Prejudice
Key Factor of MLA
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Low End of the Continuum
19. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
20. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Authoritarian Personality
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Low Self Monitors
21. The people we think we should be.
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22. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
23. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self Presentation
Cons of Categorization
High Elaboration (Central Route
Subtype
24. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Peripheral Route
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Pros of Categorization
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
25. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Peripheral Route
(PCG) Results
Extrinsic Motivation
26. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
According to SPT
Social Comparison Theory
Message Processing Theories
27. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Insko (1965) Results
Social Comparison Theory
Self Monitoring
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
28. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
'Ideal' selves
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
29. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Shaetner) Shocks
Pros of Categorization
Operant Conditioning
30. Superficial Processing.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Message Processing Theories
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Concept
31. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
According to Self-perception Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
32. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Central Route
Message Learning Approach
Extrinsic Motivation
33. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
According to Self-perception Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
Discrimination
Rebound Effect
34. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Contact Hypothesis
Insko (1965)
Low Self Monitors
Self-Discrepancy Theory
35. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Rebound Effect
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Stereotyping is generally associated with
36. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Esteem
Key Factor of MLA
Pros of Categorization
37. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
High Self Monitors
Self Concept
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
38. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Peripheral Route
39. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Peripheral Route
Self Monitoring
Low Self Monitors
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
40. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cons of Categorization
Authoritarian Personality
Two Factor Theory of emotion
41. Stereotyping Increases as.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Why AOD?
Low End of the Continuum
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
42. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Why AOD?
Low End of the Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
43. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self-Perception Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
Operant Conditioning
(PCG) Results
44. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
'Cold' Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Insko (1965) Results
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
45. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
High End of the Continuum
Subtype
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Low Self Monitors
46. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Social Comparison Theory
Leaning Theories
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
47. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
According to Self-perception Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Why AOD?
Self Handicapped
48. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Big 3 Categories
Low End of the Continuum
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Ought' selves
49. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Operant Conditioning
High End of the Continuum
Modern research on stereotypes
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
50. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
'Cold' Prejudice
High Self Monitors
Social Categorization