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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Modern research on stereotypes
Low End of the Continuum
2 Components of The Social Self
2. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Message Learning Approach Claims
Classical Conditioning
3. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Subtype
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
4. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Complexity
Cacioppo (1983) UI
5. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
ABC Model
Self-Discrepancy Theory
According to SPT
6. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Self Esteem
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Perception Theory
7. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Enhancing Bias`
Pros of Categorization
8. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Stereotype
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Esteem
9. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Why AOD?
ABC Model
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
10. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Over Justification Effect
Leaning Theories
Message Learning Approach
Key Factor of MLA
11. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
According to SPT
According to Self-perception Theory
Self Expression
12. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Insko (1965)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Processing Theories
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
13. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Need For Cognition NFC
14. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Peripheral Route
15. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Extrinsic Motivation
High Elaboration (Central Route
The Elaboration Continuum
16. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Low Self Monitors
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
17. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
The Elaboration Continuum
(Pelham) Positive Association
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Individuals Low in NFC
18. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High Self Monitors
Common Peripheral Cues
'Ought' selves
19. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Insko (1965)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
20. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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21. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Pros of Categorization
According to SPT
Message Learning Approach Claims
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
22. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
'Ought' selves
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Monitoring
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
23. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Classical Conditioning
The Need to Belong
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Two Factor Theory of emotion
24. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Self Presentation
Low Self Monitors
Social Learning Explanation
Implicit Egoism
25. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Staats and Staats (1957)
High Self Monitors
26. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Big 3 Categories
(Shaetner) Shocks
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Stereotyping is generally associated with
27. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Individuals Low in NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Presentation
Cognitive Consistency Theories
28. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
High Self Monitors
Leaning Theories
29. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Handicapped
30. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Central Route
Individuals High in NFC
31. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Monitoring
32. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Over Justification Effect
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
33. The people we think we should be.
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34. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Contact Hypothesis
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
The Need to Belong
Pros of Categorization
35. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
According to SPT
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cognitive Consistency Theories
36. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Peripheral Route
Insko (1965) Results
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
37. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Handicapped
38. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Pros of Categorization
Problems of MLA
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
39. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Behavioral= Discrimination
Implicit Association Test
(Amabile) Adult Participants
40. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Self Monitoring
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
According to Self-perception Theory
41. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Self Presentation
Discrimination
Central Route
(Klein) False Feedback
42. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
High End of the Continuum
Message Learning Approach
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
43. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Individuals High in NFC
The Need to Belong
Self-Perception Theory
44. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Subtype
'Hot' Prejudice
Operant Conditioning
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
45. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Individuals Low in NFC
(PCG) Results
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
46. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
47. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Terror Management Theory
Implicit Egoism
'Hot' Prejudice
48. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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49. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Discrimination
50. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Self Concept
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
'Cold' Prejudice
Contact Hypothesis