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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Social Categorization
Implicit Association Test
Cons of Categorization
Over Justification Effect
2. The people we want to be.
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3. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Complexity
Insko (1965) Results
Key Factor of MLA
4. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
According to SPT
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
5. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Over Justification Effect
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Why AOD?
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
6. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Individuals Low in NFC
Central Route
High Elaboration (Central Route
7. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Low Self Monitors
Message Processing Theories
8. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Staats and Staats (1957)
'Ought' selves
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
9. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Social Learning Explanation
Low End of the Continuum
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
10. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Central Route
High Self Monitors
Cognitive Consistency Theories
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
11. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self Concept
High Self Monitors
Rebound Effect
Self Enhancing Bias`
12. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Staats and Staats (1957)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
13. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Implicit Egoism
Behavioral= Discrimination
Insko (1965) Results
Pros of Categorization
14. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Social Learning Explanation
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Central Route
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
15. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Concept
Self Presentation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
16. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Leaning Theories
Cons of Categorization
High End of the Continuum
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
17. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Pros of Categorization
Stereotype
Self-Perception Theory
Implicit Association Test
18. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Operant Conditioning
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Low Self Monitors
19. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
According to Self-perception Theory
20. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Terror Management Theory
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Modern research on stereotypes
Stereotype
21. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Insko (1965) Results
22. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Problems of MLA
Self Complexity
Self Presentation
Self Esteem
23. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Intrinsic Motivation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
24. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
According to SPT
Modern research on stereotypes
Why AOD?
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
25. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Leaning Theories
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Big 3 Categories
Self Handicapped
26. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Staats and Staats (1957)
Need For Cognition NFC
27. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
28. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Leaning Theories
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Problems of MLA
Individuals Low in NFC
29. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Affective= Prejudice
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
30. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
31. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
'Ought' selves
Classical Conditioning
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cognitive Consistency Theories
32. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Enhancing Bias`
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
33. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Key Factor of MLA
Self-Perception Theory
34. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Social Learning Explanation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self-Perception Theory
35. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Authoritarian Personality
Terror Management Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Big 3 Categories
36. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Terror Management Theory
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Concept
37. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self-Discrepancy Theory
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
38. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Extrinsic Motivation
Discrimination
Subtype
39. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Insko (1965)
(Klein) False Feedback
Self-Discrepancy Theory
40. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Individuals High in NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Low End of the Continuum
(PCG) Results
41. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
According to Self-perception Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Common Peripheral Cues
The Elaboration Continuum
42. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Need For Cognition NFC
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Message Learning Approach
Big 3 Categories
43. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
2 Components of The Social Self
Staats and Staats (1957)
44. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Self Complexity
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
45. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
The Need to Belong
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Low End of the Continuum
46. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Prejudice
Key Factor of MLA
Insko (1965) Results
According to SPT
47. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Low Self Monitors
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Discrimination
48. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
'Cold' Prejudice
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
49. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Big 3 Categories
Modern research on stereotypes
High Self Monitors
50. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Shaetner) Shocks