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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Pelham) Positive Association
Central Route
2. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Elaboration Continuum
The Need to Belong
Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
3. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
According to Self-perception Theory
Cons of Categorization
4. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Implicit Egoism
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Pros of Categorization
Self Esteem
5. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Common Peripheral Cues
Big 3 Categories
Self Enhancing Bias`
Central Route
6. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self Concept
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Problems of MLA
Individuals Low in NFC
7. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Contact Hypothesis
Low Self Monitors
Self-Discrepancy Theory
8. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Self Handicapped
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
9. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
2 Components of The Social Self
Low Self Monitors
Central Route
Self Complexity
10. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Message Processing Theories
Subtype
Self Enhancing Bias`
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
11. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Subtype
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self Concept
12. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Classical Conditioning
High Self Monitors
Stereotype
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
13. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
'Ideal' selves
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
'Ought' selves
14. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Central Route
Low End of the Continuum
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
15. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
According to SPT
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Low End of the Continuum
16. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self-Perception Theory
Why AOD?
17. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Pelham) Positive Association
Two Factor Theory of emotion
18. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Insko (1965)
Self Esteem
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Affective= Prejudice
19. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Affective= Prejudice
Insko (1965) Results
Affective= Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
20. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
(Klein) False Feedback
Intrinsic Motivation
Implicit Egoism
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
21. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Over Justification Effect
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
22. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Pelham) Positive Association
Operant Conditioning
Central Route
23. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Low End of the Continuum
Self Monitoring
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
24. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Over Justification Effect
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self Monitoring
Low Self Monitors
25. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Staats and Staats (1957)
According to Self-perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
26. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Big 3 Categories
Over Justification Effect
Self Presentation
Self Enhancing Bias`
27. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Prejudice
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Two Factor Theory of emotion
28. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Expression
Authoritarian Personality
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
29. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Contact Hypothesis
Self Handicapped
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Insko (1965) Results
30. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Rebound Effect
Key Factor of MLA
Contact Hypothesis
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
31. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
'Hot' Prejudice
32. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Social Learning Explanation
Subtype
Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
33. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Subtype
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Message Learning Approach
According to SPT
34. Superficial Processing.
Low Self Monitors
Stereotyping is generally associated with
High End of the Continuum
Implicit Egoism
35. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Self Monitoring
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self-Perception Theory
Terror Management Theory
36. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Affective= Prejudice
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Two Factor Theory of emotion
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
37. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Central Route
According to Self-perception Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
38. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Classical Conditioning
High Self Monitors
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
39. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(PCG) Results
40. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Klein) False Feedback
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
41. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Social Categorization
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(PCG) Results
Prejudice
42. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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43. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Self Expression
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
44. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Subtype
ABC Model
Subtype
45. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Rebound Effect
Common Peripheral Cues
Individuals Low in NFC
High End of the Continuum
46. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Peripheral Route
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Prejudice
47. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Common Peripheral Cues
2 Components of The Social Self
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Extrinsic Motivation
48. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Key Factor of MLA
Pros of Categorization
High Self Monitors
Social Learning Explanation
49. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
Big 3 Categories
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
50. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Self Concept
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Extrinsic Motivation