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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Self Complexity
Cognitive= Stereotypes
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Central Route
2. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
'Ideal' selves
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Behavioral= Discrimination
3. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
'Cold' Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Social Comparison Theory
4. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Operant Conditioning
(Klein) False Feedback
5. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
The Need to Belong
6. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Insko (1965)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Pros of Categorization
Why AOD?
7. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Individuals High in NFC
Self-Perception Theory
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
8. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Cons of Categorization
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
9. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Common Peripheral Cues
Subtype
Leaning Theories
10. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Affective= Prejudice
11. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Need For Cognition NFC
The Need to Belong
Implicit Association Test
Behavioral= Discrimination
12. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
According to Self-perception Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Terror Management Theory
13. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Subtype
Self-Perception Theory
Modern research on stereotypes
14. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Cons of Categorization
Message Learning Approach
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Concept
15. Superficial Processing.
Implicit Egoism
Classical Conditioning
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
16. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self-Perception Theory
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Individuals Low in NFC
Social Categorization
17. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Over Justification Effect
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
18. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Key Factor of MLA
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self-Perception Theory
Low End of the Continuum
19. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
Leaning Theories
Extrinsic Motivation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
20. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Insko (1965)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Intrinsic Motivation
21. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
2 Components of The Social Self
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Operant Conditioning
22. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Self Handicapped
Operant Conditioning
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Message Learning Approach Claims
23. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Peripheral Route
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self-Perception Theory
24. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Common Peripheral Cues
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
25. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
(PCG) Results
Self Expression
High Self Monitors
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
26. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
(PCG) Results
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Intrinsic Motivation
27. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Affective= Prejudice
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Subtype
Social Categorization
28. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Low Self Monitors
Peripheral Route
The Need to Belong
Implicit Association Test
29. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Social Categorization
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High Self Monitors
30. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
31. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Implicit Association Test
Big 3 Categories
Common Peripheral Cues
32. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
2 Components of The Social Self
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Pros of Categorization
33. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
High End of the Continuum
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Handicapped
34. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Expression
Discrimination
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
35. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Social Categorization
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Implicit Egoism
36. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Intrinsic Motivation
Subtype
Implicit Association Test
Stereotyping is generally associated with
37. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Behavioral= Discrimination
Social Comparison Theory
Social Categorization
38. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
'Ideal' selves
Insko (1965)
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Expression
39. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Need For Cognition NFC
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cacioppo (1983) UI
40. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Subtype
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
41. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Self-Perception Theory
Low End of the Continuum
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
42. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Over Justification Effect
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Expression
43. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Peripheral Route
Modern research on stereotypes
Key Factor of MLA
Staats and Staats (1957)
44. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Concept
The Need to Belong
'Ideal' selves
45. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Message Learning Approach
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Insko (1965) Results
46. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Classical Conditioning
Need For Cognition NFC
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Over Justification Effect
47. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Extrinsic Motivation
Authoritarian Personality
'Ought' selves
Prejudice
48. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Prejudice
(Amabile) Adult Participants
49. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Individuals High in NFC
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Cacioppo (1983) UI
50. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Prejudice
'Cold' Prejudice