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Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Low End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Affective= Prejudice
2. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Self Presentation
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
3. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Why AOD?
Individuals Low in NFC
Discrimination
(Klein) False Feedback
4. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Self Concept
ABC Model
Modern research on stereotypes
Social Learning Explanation
5. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Contact Hypothesis
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Complexity
6. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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7. Stereotyping Increases as.
Discrimination
Operant Conditioning
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Implicit Egoism
8. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Extrinsic Motivation
Insko (1965)
9. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Individuals High in NFC
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Central Route
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
10. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Self Complexity
Intrinsic Motivation
Classical Conditioning
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
11. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Leaning Theories
12. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Insko (1965) Results
Central Route
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
13. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Expression
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Esteem
14. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
'Cold' Prejudice
Affective= Prejudice
Rebound Effect
Self Expression
15. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Implicit Egoism
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
16. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Message Learning Approach
17. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Implicit Egoism
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Peripheral Route
18. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
Message Processing Theories
Implicit Association Test
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
19. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Self Enhancing Bias`
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Stereotype
Terror Management Theory
20. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(Klein) False Feedback
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(PCG) Results
Self Handicapped
21. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Message Processing Theories
'Ought' selves
Modern research on stereotypes
'Cold' Prejudice
22. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Implicit Association Test
ABC Model
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
23. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Why AOD?
24. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
2 Components of The Social Self
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
25. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
According to SPT
(Klein) False Feedback
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Implicit Association Test
26. Superficial Processing.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Authoritarian Personality
Stereotyping is generally associated with
27. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Common Peripheral Cues
Need For Cognition NFC
Peripheral Route
Affective= Prejudice
28. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Presentation
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
The Need to Belong
29. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals Low in NFC
Individuals High in NFC
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
30. Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Extrinsic Motivation
31. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Rebound Effect
Over Justification Effect
Self Handicapped
32. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Low End of the Continuum
Social Categorization
Affective= Prejudice
33. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Big 3 Categories
Self Handicapped
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
34. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Problems of MLA
Terror Management Theory
35. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Pros of Categorization
Social Learning Explanation
Implicit Egoism
36. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Self Monitoring
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
37. The people we want to be.
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38. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Amabile) Adult Participants
39. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Common Peripheral Cues
Self-Perception Theory
40. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Modern research on stereotypes
Insko (1965)
Key Factor of MLA
'Hot' Prejudice
41. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Pros of Categorization
Rebound Effect
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Subtype
42. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
43. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self Monitoring
Self Complexity
High Self Monitors
44. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Complexity
'Ideal' selves
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self Concept
45. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
'Cold' Prejudice
Discrimination
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
46. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Insko (1965)
47. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
48. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Authoritarian Personality
(PCG) Results
Self-Perception Theory
49. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Stereotype
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
50. Doing something because you want to.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Authoritarian Personality
Intrinsic Motivation
High Elaboration (Central Route
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