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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Peripheral Route
Social Categorization
Extrinsic Motivation
(Klein) False Feedback
2. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
High End of the Continuum
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
3. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
(PCG) Results
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cognitive= Stereotypes
4. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Concept
'Ought' selves
5. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Common Peripheral Cues
Self-Perception Theory
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Self Esteem
6. Stereotyping Increases as.
Self Handicapped
According to Self-perception Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
According to Self-perception Theory
7. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
Self Monitoring
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
8. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Cons of Categorization
Discrimination
High End of the Continuum
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
9. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Modern research on stereotypes
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
10. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Implicit Association Test
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
11. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
High Self Monitors
Intrinsic Motivation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Stereotype
12. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Implicit Egoism
Central Route
Peripheral Route
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
13. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
Discrimination
Operant Conditioning
High End of the Continuum
14. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Implicit Egoism
Cons of Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
Message Learning Approach
15. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
ABC Model
According to Self-perception Theory
16. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Why AOD?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Problems of MLA
(Pelham) Positive Association
17. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Rebound Effect
According to SPT
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Cons of Categorization
18. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
'Ideal' selves
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Low End of the Continuum
19. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
(Klein) False Feedback
'Ideal' selves
Over Justification Effect
20. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
The Need to Belong
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Subtype
21. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Social Comparison Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
22. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Intrinsic Motivation
Terror Management Theory
Key Factor of MLA
High End of the Continuum
23. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Implicit Egoism
Peripheral Route
Social Comparison Theory
24. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Affective= Prejudice
Individuals Low in NFC
(PCG) Results
25. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
'Hot' Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
26. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Low Self Monitors
Cons of Categorization
The Need to Belong
Cognitive= Stereotypes
27. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Pros of Categorization
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
High End of the Continuum
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
28. Avoid effortful thinking.
Social Learning Explanation
Individuals Low in NFC
Low End of the Continuum
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
29. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Individuals High in NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
30. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Individuals Low in NFC
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Common Peripheral Cues
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
31. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Self Presentation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Key Factor of MLA
32. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Message Learning Approach
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
33. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
According to SPT
Self-Perception Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Central Route
34. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Terror Management Theory
Affective= Prejudice
Social Comparison Theory
35. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Social Learning Explanation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Implicit Egoism
36. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Self Presentation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Insko (1965)
37. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Operant Conditioning
Extrinsic Motivation
Individuals Low in NFC
38. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Rebound Effect
Self-Discrepancy Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
39. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
40. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
High End of the Continuum
Peripheral Route
Leaning Theories
According to Self-perception Theory
41. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotype
'Cold' Prejudice
42. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Expression
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Shaetner) Shocks
43. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Individuals High in NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
High Self Monitors
Key Factor of MLA
44. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Individuals Low in NFC
Leaning Theories
Cons of Categorization
Low Self Monitors
45. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Why AOD?
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Subtype
The Elaboration Continuum
46. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Authoritarian Personality
Self Enhancing Bias`
Intrinsic Motivation
Behavioral= Discrimination
47. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Insko (1965)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Contact Hypothesis
48. Superficial Processing.
High End of the Continuum
Low End of the Continuum
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Affective= Prejudice
49. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
'Ought' selves
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Monitoring
Self-Perception Theory
50. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Operant Conditioning
Over Justification Effect
The Elaboration Continuum