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Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Message Processing Theories
Operant Conditioning
Stereotyping is generally associated with
According to SPT
2. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Key Factor of MLA
3. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Individuals High in NFC
Self-Perception Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Expression
4. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Peripheral Route
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Individuals High in NFC
5. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Handicapped
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
6. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Subtype
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
High End of the Continuum
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
7. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Extrinsic Motivation
2 Components of The Social Self
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
8. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Problems of MLA
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Pros of Categorization
Over Justification Effect
9. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Modern research on stereotypes
Individuals High in NFC
Self Presentation
10. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Big 3 Categories
Why AOD?
Staats and Staats (1957)
According to SPT
11. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Prejudice
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
12. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Intrinsic Motivation
Key Factor of MLA
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Klein) False Feedback
13. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Implicit Egoism
Extrinsic Motivation
14. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
'Ought' selves
Stereotype
Self-Discrepancy Theory
15. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Low Self Monitors
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
'Ideal' selves
16. Message Learning Approach
Classical Conditioning
Social Comparison Theory
Self Presentation
Leaning Theories
17. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Discrimination
18. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
'Hot' Prejudice
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Authoritarian Personality
19. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
High End of the Continuum
Low Self Monitors
Common Peripheral Cues
20. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Implicit Egoism
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
21. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
'Ought' selves
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Pros of Categorization
Self Monitoring
22. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Central Route
Rebound Effect
Self Presentation
23. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Low End of the Continuum
(Pelham) Positive Association
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
24. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Authoritarian Personality
Message Learning Approach
Subtype
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
25. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
ABC Model
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Esteem
26. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Common Peripheral Cues
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
27. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self-Perception Theory
Implicit Association Test
28. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Extrinsic Motivation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
29. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals High in NFC
Message Learning Approach
'Ought' selves
Message Learning Approach
30. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Message Processing Theories
Self Complexity
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
31. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
Individuals High in NFC
32. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
The Need to Belong
Self Complexity
2 Components of The Social Self
33. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
The Elaboration Continuum
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Subtype
34. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
(Pelham) Positive Association
Rebound Effect
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
35. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Need For Cognition NFC
2 Components of The Social Self
(Pelham) Positive Association
36. Avoid effortful thinking.
Implicit Egoism
Social Learning Explanation
Individuals Low in NFC
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
37. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Individuals High in NFC
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Complexity
Self Concept
38. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Enhancing Bias`
Leaning Theories
39. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Central Route
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
According to SPT
High Elaboration (Central Route
40. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
41. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
'Cold' Prejudice
Subtype
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
2 Components of The Social Self
42. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Subtype
Big 3 Categories
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
43. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Key Factor of MLA
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Rebound Effect
Self Expression
44. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
According to Self-perception Theory
(PCG) Results
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
45. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
46. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Contact Hypothesis
47. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Peripheral Route
Self Concept
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
48. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
Classical Conditioning
Need For Cognition NFC
49. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
High Self Monitors
Stereotype
Common Peripheral Cues
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
50. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Why AOD?
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
The Need to Belong
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