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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Message Learning Approach
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Pros of Categorization
2. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Terror Management Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
Central Route
3. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Insko (1965) Results
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
4. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Operant Conditioning
(Pelham) Positive Association
Big 3 Categories
Self-Perception Theory
5. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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6. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Message Processing Theories
High Self Monitors
(Pelham) Positive Association
Authoritarian Personality
7. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Behavioral= Discrimination
8. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing Theories
9. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Insko (1965) Results
'Ought' selves
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Implicit Egoism
10. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
11. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
According to Self-perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Terror Management Theory
Key Factor of MLA
12. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
According to Self-perception Theory
(PCG) Results
Contact Hypothesis
13. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cons of Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
14. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self-Perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Esteem
(Pelham) Positive Association
15. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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16. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
'Cold' Prejudice
(Shaetner) Shocks
Discrimination
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
17. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Self Monitoring
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Pros of Categorization
18. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Pros of Categorization
Self-Discrepancy Theory
19. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Pelham) Positive Association
20. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotype
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Over Justification Effect
21. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Social Comparison Theory
Pros of Categorization
High End of the Continuum
Self Expression
22. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Complexity
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Klein) False Feedback
23. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Klein) False Feedback
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Problems of MLA
Cognitive Consistency Theories
24. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Why AOD?
Low End of the Continuum
Leaning Theories
25. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Self Monitoring
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Self-Perception Theory
26. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
High Self Monitors
Staats and Staats (1957)
Insko (1965)
High End of the Continuum
27. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Rebound Effect
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
28. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Low Self Monitors
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Modern research on stereotypes
29. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
'Hot' Prejudice
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Processing Theories
Social Comparison Theory
30. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
(Klein) False Feedback
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Classical Conditioning
31. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Problems of MLA
Self Handicapped
Why AOD?
32. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Terror Management Theory
Discrimination
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
33. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Stereotype
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
ABC Model
Terror Management Theory
34. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Over Justification Effect
35. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Common Peripheral Cues
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
36. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
(Klein) False Feedback
Implicit Association Test
Staats and Staats (1957)
Terror Management Theory
37. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Rebound Effect
'Ought' selves
38. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Common Peripheral Cues
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
'Hot' Prejudice
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
39. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Social Comparison Theory
The Need to Belong
40. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Low Self Monitors
(Amabile) Adult Participants
According to SPT
Implicit Association Test
41. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Shaetner) Shocks
Pros of Categorization
Subtype
42. The people we want to be.
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43. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Self-Perception Theory
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Cacioppo (1983) UI
44. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Individuals High in NFC
High Self Monitors
Message Learning Approach Claims
45. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Prejudice
High Self Monitors
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
46. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
High End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
Why AOD?
47. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
48. Avoid effortful thinking.
Low Self Monitors
Social Categorization
Prejudice
Individuals Low in NFC
49. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Common Peripheral Cues
Over Justification Effect
High End of the Continuum
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
50. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
The Elaboration Continuum
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Expression
Behavioral= Discrimination