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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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2. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Problems of MLA
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Pelham) Positive Association
Classical Conditioning
3. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
Low End of the Continuum
Self Monitoring
Subtype
4. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
High Self Monitors
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
5. Doing something because you want to.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Processing Theories
Intrinsic Motivation
Big 3 Categories
6. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Staats and Staats (1957)
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
According to Self-perception Theory
7. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(PCG) Results
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Contact Hypothesis
8. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(PCG) Results
Self-Discrepancy Theory
9. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Social Learning Explanation
Extrinsic Motivation
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
10. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Social Learning Explanation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Expression
11. Avoid effortful thinking.
Message Processing Theories
Cons of Categorization
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals Low in NFC
12. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Cons of Categorization
Implicit Association Test
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Enhancing Bias`
13. The people we want to be.
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14. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Self-Perception Theory
15. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Amabile) Adult Participants
16. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Intrinsic Motivation
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
17. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Need For Cognition NFC
18. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
2 Components of The Social Self
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
19. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Low End of the Continuum
According to SPT
Modern research on stereotypes
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
20. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Classical Conditioning
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
ABC Model
21. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
22. Avoid effortful thinking.
Individuals Low in NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Operant Conditioning
Implicit Egoism
23. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
The Elaboration Continuum
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
High Self Monitors
24. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Message Processing Theories
Self Expression
Individuals High in NFC
25. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Problems of MLA
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
26. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Presentation
(Shaetner) Shocks
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
27. The people we think we should be.
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28. Central Route - Systematic Processing
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Insko (1965)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High End of the Continuum
29. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
High Self Monitors
Operant Conditioning
30. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Implicit Egoism
Behavioral= Discrimination
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Intrinsic Motivation
31. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Expression
Modern research on stereotypes
Peripheral Route
32. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
33. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
34. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
Over Justification Effect
Self-Perception Theory
Prejudice
35. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Stereotype
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cognitive= Stereotypes
36. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Enhancing Bias`
Peripheral Route
Operant Conditioning
37. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Rebound Effect
Message Processing Theories
38. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Insko (1965)
Cons of Categorization
Rebound Effect
Self Presentation
39. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Stereotype
40. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Self Esteem
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
According to SPT
41. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Prejudice
Peripheral Route
High End of the Continuum
42. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Complexity
ABC Model
43. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Implicit Egoism
Social Learning Explanation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Staats and Staats (1957)
44. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Behavioral= Discrimination
Affective= Prejudice
Operant Conditioning
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
45. Superficial Processing.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Key Factor of MLA
46. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Insko (1965)
Key Factor of MLA
'Cold' Prejudice
47. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
(Klein) False Feedback
Key Factor of MLA
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Two Factor Theory of emotion
48. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Expression
Low Self Monitors
49. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Discrimination
Extrinsic Motivation
'Cold' Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
50. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Shaetner) Shocks
High Self Monitors
Cons of Categorization
High Elaboration (Central Route