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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Self Esteem
Subtype
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
2. The people we want to be.
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3. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Rebound Effect
ABC Model
Big 3 Categories
4. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Monitoring
High End of the Continuum
5. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
(PCG) Results
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Cognitive Consistency Theories
6. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Individuals Low in NFC
Low Self Monitors
Self Monitoring
'Ideal' selves
7. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Peripheral Route
(Shaetner) Shocks
Problems of MLA
8. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self-Perception Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
9. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
10. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Message Learning Approach
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
The Need to Belong
Over Justification Effect
11. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Over Justification Effect
Message Processing Theories
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Message Learning Approach
12. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Self Esteem
Leaning Theories
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Contact Hypothesis
13. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Affective= Prejudice
Self Expression
Problems of MLA
14. The people we think we should be.
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15. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Social Learning Explanation
(Klein) False Feedback
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
16. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Prejudice
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Expression
Problems of MLA
17. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Key Factor of MLA
(Klein) False Feedback
Problems of MLA
Discrimination
18. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Modern research on stereotypes
'Ideal' selves
19. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Discrimination
20. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Cons of Categorization
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
21. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Discrimination
'Ideal' selves
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
22. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High End of the Continuum
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
23. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self Concept
Rebound Effect
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Pros of Categorization
24. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Prejudice
(PCG) Results
25. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Self-Perception Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
Implicit Association Test
According to SPT
26. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Pros of Categorization
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self-Discrepancy Theory
27. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Self Esteem
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Central Route
28. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
High Elaboration (Central Route
29. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Why AOD?
'Ideal' selves
Contact Hypothesis
30. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
'Ought' selves
Low End of the Continuum
Insko (1965)
31. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Concept
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
32. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Esteem
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Subtype
33. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
High End of the Continuum
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
34. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Terror Management Theory
Insko (1965) Results
Message Learning Approach
35. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Enhancing Bias`
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
36. Message Learning Approach
Behavioral= Discrimination
Leaning Theories
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Social Categorization
37. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Self Complexity
Individuals High in NFC
Contact Hypothesis
Authoritarian Personality
38. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
The Elaboration Continuum
High Self Monitors
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Expression
39. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Complexity
40. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Extrinsic Motivation
Self-Perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
41. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Social Categorization
ABC Model
Self Presentation
Pros of Categorization
42. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Expression
Rebound Effect
43. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Complexity
Low Self Monitors
Modern research on stereotypes
44. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Insko (1965)
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
45. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Why AOD?
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
High Self Monitors
46. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
The Elaboration Continuum
Peripheral Route
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Over Justification Effect
47. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Self Monitoring
Contact Hypothesis
Insko (1965)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
48. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Klein) False Feedback
Contact Hypothesis
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Central Route
49. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Self Complexity
Terror Management Theory
Social Comparison Theory
Authoritarian Personality
50. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Modern research on stereotypes
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Individuals High in NFC