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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Insko (1965)
Message Learning Approach Claims
Social Learning Explanation
2. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
According to SPT
Self Monitoring
Modern research on stereotypes
3. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Individuals High in NFC
The Elaboration Continuum
Key Factor of MLA
Affective= Prejudice
4. The people we think we should be.
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5. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
High End of the Continuum
Leaning Theories
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
6. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
The Need to Belong
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
'Ought' selves
Key Factor of MLA
7. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Self Complexity
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Insko (1965) Results
8. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
2 Components of The Social Self
Message Learning Approach
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
9. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(PCG) Results
10. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
(PCG) Results
(Shaetner) Shocks
11. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Need For Cognition NFC
According to SPT
Self Presentation
Implicit Association Test
12. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
'Cold' Prejudice
13. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Authoritarian Personality
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Individuals High in NFC
2 Components of The Social Self
14. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotype
According to Self-perception Theory
15. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
According to SPT
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Rebound Effect
16. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self Monitoring
Stereotype
17. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Common Peripheral Cues
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Message Learning Approach
18. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Insko (1965)
Cacioppo (1983) UI
19. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
Message Learning Approach Claims
Common Peripheral Cues
(PCG) Results
20. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
2 Components of The Social Self
Peripheral Route
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
21. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Big 3 Categories
Behavioral= Discrimination
Low End of the Continuum
22. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
High End of the Continuum
Social Comparison Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
Discrimination
23. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Modern research on stereotypes
Subtype
24. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
ABC Model
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Key Factor of MLA
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
25. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Self-Perception Theory
26. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Low Self Monitors
Stereotype
Individuals High in NFC
Low End of the Continuum
27. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self-Perception Theory
Self Concept
28. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
Why AOD?
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
29. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
'Ideal' selves
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
'Cold' Prejudice
Need For Cognition NFC
30. Doing something because you want to.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self Complexity
Intrinsic Motivation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
31. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Big 3 Categories
Social Categorization
Stereotyping is generally associated with
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
32. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Learning Approach Claims
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
33. The people we want to be.
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34. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Classical Conditioning
Rebound Effect
Common Peripheral Cues
Affective= Prejudice
35. The people we want to be.
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36. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Terror Management Theory
Big 3 Categories
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
37. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Rebound Effect
38. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Self Esteem
Terror Management Theory
Central Route
Self Complexity
39. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Complexity
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Insko (1965) Results
40. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Self Expression
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Terror Management Theory
(Pelham) Positive Association
41. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Contact Hypothesis
Insko (1965) Results
Common Peripheral Cues
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
42. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Message Learning Approach
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
43. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Message Processing Theories
Subtype
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Common Peripheral Cues
44. Avoid effortful thinking.
Intrinsic Motivation
Individuals Low in NFC
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
45. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
'Ideal' selves
Cognitive Consistency Theories
46. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Affective= Prejudice
Cacioppo (1983) UI
The Elaboration Continuum
47. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Individuals Low in NFC
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
48. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Subtype
'Ideal' selves
Self Enhancing Bias`
49. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
50. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Over Justification Effect
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Operant Conditioning
Self Expression
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