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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Low End of the Continuum
Insko (1965) Results
Pros of Categorization
Stereotyping is generally associated with
2. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
High Self Monitors
'Cold' Prejudice
3. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Rebound Effect
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Message Learning Approach
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
4. Avoid effortful thinking.
Individuals Low in NFC
Authoritarian Personality
According to Self-perception Theory
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
5. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Key Factor of MLA
Low End of the Continuum
Cons of Categorization
Self Complexity
6. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Monitoring
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Extrinsic Motivation
7. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Insko (1965) Results
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cons of Categorization
Why AOD?
8. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Terror Management Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High End of the Continuum
(Amabile) Adult Participants
9. The people we think we should be.
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10. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Extrinsic Motivation
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
11. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
'Ought' selves
Insko (1965)
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
12. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Rebound Effect
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
13. Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Message Processing Theories
Low End of the Continuum
14. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Self-Perception Theory
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
The Need to Belong
15. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Central Route
Discrimination
Affective= Prejudice
Prejudice
16. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Stereotype
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
17. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
2 Components of The Social Self
According to SPT
Stereotype
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
18. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
19. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
According to Self-perception Theory
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Klein) False Feedback
ABC Model
20. Doing something because you want to.
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Concept
(PCG) Results
Authoritarian Personality
21. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Message Processing Theories
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Monitoring
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
22. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Terror Management Theory
Terror Management Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
High Self Monitors
23. Message Learning Approach
Social Learning Explanation
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self Esteem
Leaning Theories
24. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
Common Peripheral Cues
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
25. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Subtype
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
26. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Leaning Theories
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Operant Conditioning
Central Route
27. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Expression
Self Handicapped
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Insko (1965) Results
28. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
According to SPT
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
29. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Self Esteem
Pros of Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Operant Conditioning
30. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Insko (1965) Results
Peripheral Route
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
31. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Individuals Low in NFC
Peripheral Route
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Insko (1965)
32. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self-Perception Theory
33. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Big 3 Categories
(Pelham) Positive Association
34. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Implicit Egoism
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Message Processing Theories
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
35. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
Message Learning Approach
Affective= Prejudice
Rebound Effect
36. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Low End of the Continuum
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
37. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Staats and Staats (1957)
Low Self Monitors
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
38. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Problems of MLA
Message Learning Approach
Social Comparison Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
39. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Esteem
Leaning Theories
Classical Conditioning
40. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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41. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self-Perception Theory
Social Categorization
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
42. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cons of Categorization
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Authoritarian Personality
43. Doing something because you want to.
The Elaboration Continuum
Rebound Effect
Intrinsic Motivation
Affective= Prejudice
44. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
High End of the Continuum
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Two Factor Theory of emotion
45. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Self Esteem
Why AOD?
Discrimination
Cons of Categorization
46. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
2 Components of The Social Self
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Social Categorization
47. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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48. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Self Expression
Pros of Categorization
Cons of Categorization
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
49. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Klein) False Feedback
The Elaboration Continuum
High Self Monitors
50. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Message Processing Theories
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
According to SPT
Implicit Egoism