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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Individuals High in NFC
Insko (1965)
2. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
'Ought' selves
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
3. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Rebound Effect
Peripheral Route
Classical Conditioning
Two Factor Theory of emotion
4. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Subtype
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(PCG) Results
5. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Terror Management Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Klein) False Feedback
6. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Monitoring
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Concept
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
7. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
'Cold' Prejudice
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Over Justification Effect
8. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Social Comparison Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Esteem
9. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Self Concept
Affective= Prejudice
'Ought' selves
10. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
11. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Expression
Need For Cognition NFC
12. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Self Complexity
According to Self-perception Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
13. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
(Klein) False Feedback
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Pros of Categorization
Message Processing Theories
14. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Affective= Prejudice
Self Esteem
Individuals High in NFC
15. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Social Comparison Theory
Cons of Categorization
'Ought' selves
Cognitive= Stereotypes
16. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
High Self Monitors
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
17. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Big 3 Categories
Why AOD?
Terror Management Theory
18. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
'Ought' selves
Insko (1965)
Rebound Effect
Classical Conditioning
19. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
2 Components of The Social Self
According to Self-perception Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
20. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
'Cold' Prejudice
Peripheral Route
Self-Discrepancy Theory
21. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Need For Cognition NFC
Implicit Association Test
Cognitive= Stereotypes
22. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Modern research on stereotypes
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
23. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Stereotype
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Perception Theory
24. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Why AOD?
(Shaetner) Shocks
ABC Model
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
25. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self-Perception Theory
Why AOD?
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
26. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Self-Perception Theory
Low End of the Continuum
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
27. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
28. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Leaning Theories
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Key Factor of MLA
Low Self Monitors
29. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Self Esteem
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Shaetner) Shocks
Individuals Low in NFC
30. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
The Need to Belong
High End of the Continuum
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
31. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Over Justification Effect
Key Factor of MLA
Problems of MLA
Insko (1965) Results
32. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Enhancing Bias`
High Self Monitors
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
33. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
The Need to Belong
34. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Ought' selves
35. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
'Cold' Prejudice
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
36. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Big 3 Categories
Key Factor of MLA
ABC Model
Cognitive= Stereotypes
37. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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38. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Modern research on stereotypes
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
39. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Over Justification Effect
40. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Why AOD?
Self Esteem
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
41. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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42. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Esteem
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Shaetner) Shocks
Low Self Monitors
43. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Key Factor of MLA
Social Categorization
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
44. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Individuals High in NFC
Self Esteem
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self Enhancing Bias`
45. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Operant Conditioning
Subtype
Common Peripheral Cues
46. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Need For Cognition NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
47. The people we want to be.
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48. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Klein) False Feedback
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
49. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self-Discrepancy Theory
'Ought' selves
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Cons of Categorization
50. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Self Presentation
'Cold' Prejudice
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Why AOD?