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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Social Categorization
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotype
Classical Conditioning
2. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Stereotype
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Need For Cognition NFC
3. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Concept
Social Comparison Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
4. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Implicit Egoism
'Cold' Prejudice
Leaning Theories
5. Doing something because you want to.
The Elaboration Continuum
Intrinsic Motivation
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
6. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
7. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
The Need to Belong
(Shaetner) Shocks
8. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Problems of MLA
Central Route
Self Presentation
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
9. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Pros of Categorization
Peripheral Route
Individuals High in NFC
10. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Rebound Effect
'Cold' Prejudice
Intrinsic Motivation
11. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Operant Conditioning
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Enhancing Bias`
12. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Operant Conditioning
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
13. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Expression
Self Presentation
14. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Klein) False Feedback
High Elaboration (Central Route
Modern research on stereotypes
15. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
Insko (1965)
Self Handicapped
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
16. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Rebound Effect
Self Presentation
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Perception Theory
17. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Rebound Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
18. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
'Ideal' selves
Subtype
Insko (1965)
According to SPT
19. The people we want to be.
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20. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
'Ideal' selves
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Implicit Association Test
Modern research on stereotypes
21. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Extrinsic Motivation
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
22. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Handicapped
Discrimination
23. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
2 Components of The Social Self
Affective= Prejudice
'Hot' Prejudice
24. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Social Learning Explanation
Message Processing Theories
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Behavioral= Discrimination
25. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Big 3 Categories
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Concept
Individuals Low in NFC
26. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
High Self Monitors
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
The Need to Belong
27. Avoid effortful thinking.
Pros of Categorization
'Ought' selves
Individuals Low in NFC
Implicit Association Test
28. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
29. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Self Complexity
Problems of MLA
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
30. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Terror Management Theory
Message Processing Theories
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
31. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Individuals High in NFC
'Cold' Prejudice
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Amabile) Adult Participants
32. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Insko (1965) Results
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self-Perception Theory
33. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Self Monitoring
ABC Model
Social Comparison Theory
Subtype
34. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
The Need to Belong
35. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Affective= Prejudice
Social Comparison Theory
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
36. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
37. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Message Processing Theories
Over Justification Effect
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
38. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Implicit Association Test
Self Expression
39. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Shaetner) Shocks
Social Comparison Theory
ABC Model
40. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
41. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Need For Cognition NFC
42. The people we want to be.
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43. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Results
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Handicapped
44. The people we think we should be.
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45. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Rebound Effect
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Cons of Categorization
Staats and Staats (1957)
46. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Social Comparison Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
47. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
Rebound Effect
Pros of Categorization
Low Self Monitors
48. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
The Need to Belong
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Problems of MLA
49. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Affective= Prejudice
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Expression
50. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Implicit Association Test
High Elaboration (Central Route
Individuals Low in NFC
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
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