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Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Individuals High in NFC
Message Processing Theories
2. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Low Self Monitors
Modern research on stereotypes
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Operant Conditioning
3. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
2 Components of The Social Self
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
4. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
5. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Self-Perception Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
6. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
7. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
High End of the Continuum
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
8. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
According to Self-perception Theory
Social Comparison Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Low End of the Continuum
9. The people we want to be.
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10. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Implicit Egoism
Social Learning Explanation
Low Self Monitors
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
11. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Cacioppo (1983) UI
According to Self-perception Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
12. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Message Learning Approach
Social Categorization
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
13. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Classical Conditioning
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Amabile) Adult Participants
14. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Implicit Egoism
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Authoritarian Personality
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
15. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Rebound Effect
Peripheral Route
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Modern research on stereotypes
16. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Pelham) Positive Association
Leaning Theories
Self Enhancing Bias`
17. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Message Learning Approach Claims
2 Components of The Social Self
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Pros of Categorization
18. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Individuals High in NFC
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High End of the Continuum
Self Esteem
19. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Leaning Theories
Message Learning Approach
According to Self-perception Theory
Message Learning Approach Claims
20. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Self Complexity
(Shaetner) Shocks
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotype
21. Doing something because you want to.
Discrimination
Low End of the Continuum
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Intrinsic Motivation
22. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Implicit Association Test
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Handicapped
23. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
(Klein) False Feedback
Need For Cognition NFC
(PCG) Results
24. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Modern research on stereotypes
Contact Hypothesis
25. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Terror Management Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
26. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
27. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Presentation
Subtype
Cons of Categorization
28. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Message Learning Approach
Behavioral= Discrimination
Implicit Association Test
Social Comparison Theory
29. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
ABC Model
Self Presentation
Social Categorization
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
30. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Social Learning Explanation
High Self Monitors
Big 3 Categories
31. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
According to Self-perception Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
32. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Implicit Egoism
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
The Need to Belong
33. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High Self Monitors
Discrimination
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
34. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Pros of Categorization
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
35. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Learning Approach Claims
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Leaning Theories
36. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Social Learning Explanation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Operant Conditioning
Peripheral Route
37. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
'Hot' Prejudice
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
38. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Message Processing Theories
39. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Cacioppo (1983) UI
'Ought' selves
40. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Modern research on stereotypes
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
41. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Klein) False Feedback
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
42. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cons of Categorization
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
43. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Handicapped
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
44. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Subtype
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Monitoring
Individuals Low in NFC
45. Message Learning Approach
Self-Perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
Leaning Theories
Individuals High in NFC
46. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Presentation
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self-Perception Theory
47. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Discrimination
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Discrimination
48. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Classical Conditioning
Prejudice
Self Enhancing Bias`
49. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Subtype
Individuals Low in NFC
Authoritarian Personality
50. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Message Processing Theories
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Modern research on stereotypes
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