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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
According to SPT
Self-Perception Theory
Big 3 Categories
Leaning Theories
2. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Classical Conditioning
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Message Learning Approach
3. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Self-Discrepancy Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Key Factor of MLA
4. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
'Hot' Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
5. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Social Comparison Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Pelham) Positive Association
Implicit Egoism
6. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Self-Perception Theory
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classical Conditioning
7. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Intrinsic Motivation
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
8. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Central Route
9. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Self Esteem
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Extrinsic Motivation
Implicit Association Test
10. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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11. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Need For Cognition NFC
The Elaboration Continuum
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Handicapped
12. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Insko (1965) Results
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
'Ideal' selves
Self Esteem
13. Stereotyping Increases as.
Over Justification Effect
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Behavioral= Discrimination
14. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Low Self Monitors
Individuals Low in NFC
Key Factor of MLA
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
15. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Terror Management Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Operant Conditioning
16. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Klein) False Feedback
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
17. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Insko (1965) Results
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
High Self Monitors
18. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Low End of the Continuum
Low Self Monitors
19. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Leaning Theories
(PCG) Results
Prejudice
Peripheral Route
20. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Peripheral Route
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Peripheral Route
21. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Individuals High in NFC
The Elaboration Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
22. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
High Elaboration (Central Route
2 Components of The Social Self
23. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
'Ideal' selves
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
24. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Problems of MLA
Intrinsic Motivation
High Elaboration (Central Route
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
25. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
High Elaboration (Central Route
26. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Pelham) Positive Association
Implicit Egoism
27. Message Learning Approach
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Leaning Theories
Implicit Association Test
Implicit Egoism
28. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Operant Conditioning
Self Handicapped
Why AOD?
Self Expression
29. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
'Ought' selves
Social Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classical Conditioning
30. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Social Learning Explanation
Self Monitoring
31. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(Shaetner) Shocks
2 Components of The Social Self
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
32. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Expression
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
'Ideal' selves
33. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Subtype
34. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(PCG) Results
Contact Hypothesis
Pros of Categorization
35. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Insko (1965)
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Expression
36. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Central Route
Problems of MLA
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
37. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Common Peripheral Cues
38. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Discrimination
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Need For Cognition NFC
39. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
'Ought' selves
Modern research on stereotypes
Affective= Prejudice
Subtype
40. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Common Peripheral Cues
Central Route
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
41. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Individuals Low in NFC
Big 3 Categories
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Presentation
42. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(PCG) Results
According to Self-perception Theory
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
2 Components of The Social Self
43. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Self Esteem
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
44. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Self Handicapped
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Classical Conditioning
45. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self-Perception Theory
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
46. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Cons of Categorization
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Problems of MLA
Modern research on stereotypes
47. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Over Justification Effect
Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
48. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Presentation
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
49. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
50. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Enhancing Bias`
Individuals Low in NFC