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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Stereotype
2. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Central Route
Subtype
High End of the Continuum
Self Expression
3. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Need For Cognition NFC
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Leaning Theories
4. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Rebound Effect
High End of the Continuum
Key Factor of MLA
5. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Big 3 Categories
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
6. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Pros of Categorization
Implicit Egoism
Insko (1965) Results
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
7. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
Modern research on stereotypes
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self-Perception Theory
8. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
9. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Why AOD?
Operant Conditioning
10. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
High Self Monitors
Why AOD?
Big 3 Categories
11. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
2 Components of The Social Self
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cons of Categorization
12. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
13. Extreme hatred for other groups.
14. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Extrinsic Motivation
Insko (1965)
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
15. Avoid effortful thinking.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Concept
16. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Affective= Prejudice
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self Esteem
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
17. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Authoritarian Personality
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
18. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Insko (1965)
Peripheral Route
Common Peripheral Cues
19. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
ABC Model
Prejudice
Implicit Association Test
Insko (1965)
20. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Prejudice
Message Learning Approach
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
21. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Modern research on stereotypes
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Implicit Association Test
Big 3 Categories
22. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Key Factor of MLA
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
ABC Model
23. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Modern research on stereotypes
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Social Learning Explanation
24. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Terror Management Theory
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Enhancing Bias`
25. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Self Esteem
Insko (1965) Results
Self-Discrepancy Theory
26. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
'Ideal' selves
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cons of Categorization
Behavioral= Discrimination
27. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
(PCG) Results
Message Learning Approach
'Ought' selves
28. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Problems of MLA
Social Comparison Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Peripheral Route
29. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Discrimination
(Klein) False Feedback
Self Presentation
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
30. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Learning Approach Claims
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self-Perception Theory
31. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Klein) False Feedback
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Classical Conditioning
Message Processing Theories
32. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
'Ought' selves
Big 3 Categories
(PCG) Results
33. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
Leaning Theories
Problems of MLA
Classical Conditioning
34. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Prejudice
Rebound Effect
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Expression
35. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Discrimination
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
36. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Message Processing Theories
'Cold' Prejudice
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
37. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
38. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Social Comparison Theory
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
39. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Authoritarian Personality
Big 3 Categories
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
40. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Classical Conditioning
Need For Cognition NFC
41. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Message Processing Theories
Authoritarian Personality
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self-Perception Theory
42. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(PCG) Results
43. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
According to Self-perception Theory
Self Monitoring
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
44. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Low End of the Continuum
Leaning Theories
Self Enhancing Bias`
45. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Over Justification Effect
Self Expression
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Common Peripheral Cues
46. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Self Presentation
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Discrepancy Theory
47. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Low Self Monitors
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Implicit Association Test
48. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Self-Perception Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Processing Theories
49. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Contact Hypothesis
50. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Classical Conditioning
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Two Factor Theory of emotion