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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Problems of MLA
Self-Perception Theory
Classical Conditioning
2. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Staats and Staats (1957)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Insko (1965)
3. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
Leaning Theories
The Need to Belong
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
4. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Message Learning Approach
'Cold' Prejudice
Message Learning Approach Claims
5. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
'Ideal' selves
Individuals High in NFC
High End of the Continuum
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
6. Stereotyping Increases as.
Self Presentation
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cons of Categorization
7. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
'Hot' Prejudice
(Pelham) Positive Association
Behavioral= Discrimination
Message Processing Theories
8. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
'Cold' Prejudice
(Amabile) Adult Participants
9. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Insko (1965)
Classical Conditioning
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Authoritarian Personality
10. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Key Factor of MLA
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self-Perception Theory
11. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
2 Components of The Social Self
Stereotype
Discrimination
12. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
ABC Model
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Contact Hypothesis
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
13. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Concept
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Discrimination
14. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Self Monitoring
Cons of Categorization
Social Categorization
15. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Why AOD?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
16. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Extrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Shaetner) Shocks
Discrimination
17. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Leaning Theories
Social Learning Explanation
(PCG) Results
18. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
High Elaboration (Central Route
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
'Ideal' selves
19. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Monitoring
20. The people we want to be.
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21. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Authoritarian Personality
Extrinsic Motivation
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Esteem
22. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Presentation
Affective= Prejudice
23. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Stereotype
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Cons of Categorization
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
24. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Individuals High in NFC
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotype
25. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
The Need to Belong
Self-Perception Theory
Social Comparison Theory
Implicit Egoism
26. The people we think we should be.
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27. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Common Peripheral Cues
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Low End of the Continuum
28. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
High End of the Continuum
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
29. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Low End of the Continuum
Implicit Association Test
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Individuals High in NFC
30. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Expression
Self-Discrepancy Theory
31. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
2 Components of The Social Self
Self Expression
The Need to Belong
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
32. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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33. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Over Justification Effect
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Enhancing Bias`
Central Route
34. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Key Factor of MLA
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
35. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Esteem
Intrinsic Motivation
36. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Insko (1965) Results
Peripheral Route
37. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
'Ideal' selves
Subtype
Cognitive Consistency Theories
38. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Self Concept
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Message Learning Approach Claims
39. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Pros of Categorization
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Monitoring
The Need to Belong
40. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Operant Conditioning
Key Factor of MLA
Self-Perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
41. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Individuals High in NFC
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
According to SPT
42. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Low End of the Continuum
Classical Conditioning
The Need to Belong
Why AOD?
43. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotype
The Need to Belong
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
44. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Message Learning Approach
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self-Discrepancy Theory
45. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Subtype
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Complexity
46. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Message Processing Theories
The Need to Belong
47. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Klein) False Feedback
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
'Ought' selves
48. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
High Self Monitors
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Leaning Theories
49. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Message Learning Approach Claims
Intrinsic Motivation
50. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Problems of MLA
Low Self Monitors
Social Comparison Theory