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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Staats and Staats (1957)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classical Conditioning
2. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
'Ought' selves
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Social Learning Explanation
Implicit Egoism
3. Extreme hatred for other groups.
4. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Insko (1965)
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
'Cold' Prejudice
5. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Insko (1965)
6. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self Expression
'Ought' selves
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Rebound Effect
7. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Leaning Theories
(Shaetner) Shocks
Modern research on stereotypes
8. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
The Need to Belong
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
9. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Self-Perception Theory
Authoritarian Personality
Classical Conditioning
Social Categorization
10. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Contact Hypothesis
Individuals High in NFC
Common Peripheral Cues
Self-Perception Theory
11. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Low End of the Continuum
ABC Model
'Ideal' selves
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
12. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Presentation
Subtype
ABC Model
13. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cacioppo (1983) UI
High Elaboration (Central Route
High End of the Continuum
14. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Intrinsic Motivation
The Need to Belong
15. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
16. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Implicit Egoism
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Staats and Staats (1957)
Modern research on stereotypes
17. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Monitoring
The Need to Belong
Intrinsic Motivation
18. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
19. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Pros of Categorization
(Shaetner) Shocks
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
20. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Contact Hypothesis
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Operant Conditioning
21. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
'Hot' Prejudice
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
22. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Terror Management Theory
Implicit Association Test
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
The Need to Belong
23. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Handicapped
Intrinsic Motivation
'Cold' Prejudice
24. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
'Ideal' selves
Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
25. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Complexity
Leaning Theories
26. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Shaetner) Shocks
Over Justification Effect
27. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
According to Self-perception Theory
The Need to Belong
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
28. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Insko (1965)
Implicit Egoism
Individuals High in NFC
29. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
The Elaboration Continuum
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
30. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
31. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Need For Cognition NFC
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
32. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Need For Cognition NFC
Central Route
33. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Enhancing Bias`
Authoritarian Personality
Terror Management Theory
34. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Insko (1965)
Self Presentation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self-Perception Theory
35. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
High Self Monitors
Affective= Prejudice
Big 3 Categories
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
36. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
High Self Monitors
Self Handicapped
Authoritarian Personality
Extrinsic Motivation
37. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Cognitive= Stereotypes
The Elaboration Continuum
38. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
According to SPT
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Pelham) Positive Association
39. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Pros of Categorization
40. The people we think we should be.
41. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Social Categorization
Stereotype
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
42. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Peripheral Route
Intrinsic Motivation
43. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Problems of MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Pelham) Positive Association
44. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self-Perception Theory
45. Avoid effortful thinking.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Hot' Prejudice
Individuals Low in NFC
Pros of Categorization
46. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
High End of the Continuum
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
47. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Self Esteem
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive Consistency Theories
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
48. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Complexity
Self Complexity
The Need to Belong
49. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Authoritarian Personality
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
50. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Extrinsic Motivation
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Classical Conditioning
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure