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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Implicit Egoism
Two Factor Theory of emotion
The Elaboration Continuum
The Need to Belong
2. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Operant Conditioning
'Hot' Prejudice
Subtype
(Shaetner) Shocks
3. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
The Elaboration Continuum
4. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Presentation
Self Esteem
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
5. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
6. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Discrimination
Low End of the Continuum
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Need For Cognition NFC
7. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Pros of Categorization
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Amabile) Adult Participants
8. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Self Esteem
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Individuals Low in NFC
Social Learning Explanation
9. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Social Learning Explanation
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
10. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Over Justification Effect
Message Learning Approach Claims
(PCG) Results
Staats and Staats (1957)
11. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Intrinsic Motivation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Concept
Cognitive Consistency Theories
12. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Operant Conditioning
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(PCG) Results
13. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Ought' selves
14. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
'Ought' selves
Common Peripheral Cues
Central Route
Rebound Effect
15. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
The Need to Belong
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Key Factor of MLA
16. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Self Monitoring
Cons of Categorization
Classical Conditioning
Extrinsic Motivation
17. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Discrimination
Message Learning Approach
18. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Complexity
Common Peripheral Cues
Staats and Staats (1957)
19. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Modern research on stereotypes
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
20. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Low End of the Continuum
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Message Learning Approach Claims
21. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
'Ought' selves
Extrinsic Motivation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Klein) False Feedback
22. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Extrinsic Motivation
Why AOD?
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
23. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Leaning Theories
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Modern research on stereotypes
24. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
ABC Model
High Self Monitors
Problems of MLA
Social Learning Explanation
25. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
Insko (1965) Results
Self Expression
'Ideal' selves
26. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Complexity
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High Self Monitors
27. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Discrimination
Low End of the Continuum
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
28. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Common Peripheral Cues
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Insko (1965)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
29. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Intrinsic Motivation
Affective= Prejudice
Discrimination
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
30. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Leaning Theories
Modern research on stereotypes
Low Self Monitors
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
31. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Enhancing Bias`
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Classical Conditioning
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
32. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Authoritarian Personality
Big 3 Categories
33. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Over Justification Effect
Staats and Staats (1957)
Implicit Association Test
Central Route
34. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
High Elaboration (Central Route
Over Justification Effect
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
35. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Social Learning Explanation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
36. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Affective= Prejudice
37. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Insko (1965) Results
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Pros of Categorization
38. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Self Handicapped
Discrimination
High Elaboration (Central Route
Big 3 Categories
39. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Central Route
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Why AOD?
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
40. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
2 Components of The Social Self
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Rebound Effect
Cognitive= Stereotypes
41. Doing something because you want to.
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotype
Intrinsic Motivation
Modern research on stereotypes
42. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Authoritarian Personality
43. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
Message Learning Approach Claims
Stereotype
(Pelham) Positive Association
44. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Contact Hypothesis
45. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
2 Components of The Social Self
(Pelham) Positive Association
Over Justification Effect
Subtype
46. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Terror Management Theory
Over Justification Effect
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
47. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
48. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
The Need to Belong
Prejudice
Low End of the Continuum
49. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Self Esteem
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotype
Why AOD?
50. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
'Hot' Prejudice
Insko (1965)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps