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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Common Peripheral Cues
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Extrinsic Motivation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
2. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Over Justification Effect
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Common Peripheral Cues
3. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Self Expression
Self-Perception Theory
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
4. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
Prejudice
5. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Contact Hypothesis
The Need to Belong
Prejudice
6. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
'Cold' Prejudice
Insko (1965)
Self Expression
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
7. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
The Need to Belong
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Implicit Association Test
8. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Intrinsic Motivation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Insko (1965) Results
9. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Self Complexity
Operant Conditioning
Low End of the Continuum
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
10. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
2 Components of The Social Self
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotype
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
11. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Self Presentation
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Klein) False Feedback
Two Factor Theory of emotion
12. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Modern research on stereotypes
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Self Presentation
'Hot' Prejudice
13. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cons of Categorization
14. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Self Monitoring
According to Self-perception Theory
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Cold' Prejudice
15. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Insko (1965)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
16. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(PCG) Results
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
17. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Operant Conditioning
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Individuals High in NFC
18. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
19. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Presentation
Terror Management Theory
According to Self-perception Theory
20. Superficial Processing.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotyping is generally associated with
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Classical Conditioning
21. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
2 Components of The Social Self
Message Learning Approach
22. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self-Perception Theory
23. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
24. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Over Justification Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
25. The people we want to be.
26. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
ABC Model
Implicit Egoism
Insko (1965)
Need For Cognition NFC
27. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
'Hot' Prejudice
Self-Perception Theory
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Two Factor Theory of emotion
28. The people we think we should be.
29. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
'Ideal' selves
Terror Management Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Prejudice
30. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Klein) False Feedback
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
31. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Need For Cognition NFC
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Shaetner) Shocks
'Ought' selves
32. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
33. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Stereotype
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
34. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Subtype
35. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
'Cold' Prejudice
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Discrimination
36. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
2 Components of The Social Self
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
37. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
High Elaboration (Central Route
'Ideal' selves
38. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Subtype
Extrinsic Motivation
According to SPT
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
39. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Complexity
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Self Handicapped
40. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Discrimination
Low End of the Continuum
41. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Key Factor of MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
'Cold' Prejudice
42. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Presentation
Self Enhancing Bias`
Discrimination
Cacioppo (1983) UI
43. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Stereotype
Social Comparison Theory
44. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
(Klein) False Feedback
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Discrimination
45. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Big 3 Categories
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
46. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Implicit Egoism
ABC Model
47. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
ABC Model
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
48. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
High Self Monitors
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Hot' Prejudice
49. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Classical Conditioning
Low Self Monitors
50. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Key Factor of MLA
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)