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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
The Elaboration Continuum
Problems of MLA
'Ought' selves
High Self Monitors
2. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cons of Categorization
3. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Self Complexity
2 Components of The Social Self
Problems of MLA
Individuals High in NFC
4. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Implicit Egoism
Individuals Low in NFC
ABC Model
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
5. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Self Monitoring
Operant Conditioning
Extrinsic Motivation
Need For Cognition NFC
6. Superficial Processing.
Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classical Conditioning
Stereotyping is generally associated with
7. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
According to SPT
Self Complexity
8. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Implicit Association Test
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Big 3 Categories
9. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Self Esteem
Modern research on stereotypes
High Self Monitors
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
10. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Common Peripheral Cues
The Elaboration Continuum
Modern research on stereotypes
11. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Individuals High in NFC
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self Handicapped
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
12. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Presentation
Staats and Staats (1957)
13. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Implicit Egoism
Discrimination
(Klein) False Feedback
14. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
According to Self-perception Theory
High Elaboration (Central Route
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
15. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
According to SPT
Extrinsic Motivation
Low Self Monitors
Self Enhancing Bias`
16. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Pros of Categorization
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
17. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
High Self Monitors
Need For Cognition NFC
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
18. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
Classical Conditioning
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Cacioppo (1983) UI
19. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Stereotype
Cacioppo (1983) UI
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Modern research on stereotypes
20. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Message Learning Approach
Self Handicapped
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
21. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Problems of MLA
Cacioppo (1983) UI
According to SPT
22. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Self Monitoring
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
ABC Model
Message Learning Approach Claims
23. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
24. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Over Justification Effect
'Hot' Prejudice
Big 3 Categories
25. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Implicit Association Test
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Prejudice
Behavioral= Discrimination
26. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Key Factor of MLA
27. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Social Comparison Theory
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
28. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
Operant Conditioning
Big 3 Categories
Prejudice
29. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Staats and Staats (1957)
Pros of Categorization
30. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Concept
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Authoritarian Personality
31. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
According to SPT
Individuals High in NFC
Staats and Staats (1957)
32. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
High Elaboration (Central Route
Key Factor of MLA
Leaning Theories
33. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Common Peripheral Cues
Social Categorization
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
34. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
The Need to Belong
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Operant Conditioning
35. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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36. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Message Processing Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Pelham) Positive Association
37. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Low End of the Continuum
38. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
ABC Model
Pros of Categorization
39. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Self Enhancing Bias`
40. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Social Categorization
Insko (1965)
41. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Need For Cognition NFC
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
42. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
43. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
44. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965)
Insko (1965) Results
(PCG) Results
Pros of Categorization
45. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
'Cold' Prejudice
Behavioral= Discrimination
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
46. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Implicit Association Test
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Problems of MLA
47. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Cons of Categorization
Self Handicapped
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Big 3 Categories
48. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
'Ought' selves
(Shaetner) Shocks
49. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Authoritarian Personality
Self Expression
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
50. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Insko (1965)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)