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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
2. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
The Need to Belong
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Enhancing Bias`
3. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Social Categorization
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Esteem
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
4. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Klein) False Feedback
Self-Perception Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
5. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Cons of Categorization
6. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Insko (1965) Results
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Staats and Staats (1957)
7. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Expression
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Subtype
8. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Central Route
ABC Model
'Cold' Prejudice
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
9. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Self Concept
Self Concept
Message Processing Theories
10. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
11. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Social Learning Explanation
Rebound Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
Message Processing Theories
12. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
(Klein) False Feedback
Pros of Categorization
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
'Ideal' selves
13. Message Learning Approach
Key Factor of MLA
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Leaning Theories
Self-Discrepancy Theory
14. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Behavioral= Discrimination
Rebound Effect
15. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Social Comparison Theory
Insko (1965) Results
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Low Self Monitors
16. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Expression
'Ought' selves
17. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
2 Components of The Social Self
Need For Cognition NFC
18. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
'Ideal' selves
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Affective= Prejudice
Self Esteem
19. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Contact Hypothesis
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
20. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Insko (1965) Results
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
21. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Learning Approach Claims
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Implicit Association Test
22. Doing something because you want to.
Social Categorization
Intrinsic Motivation
ABC Model
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
23. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Discrimination
Common Peripheral Cues
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
24. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
Problems of MLA
Central Route
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
25. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Insko (1965)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Individuals High in NFC
Prejudice
26. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
Why AOD?
Cons of Categorization
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
27. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive= Stereotypes
'Ideal' selves
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
28. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Self Presentation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Authoritarian Personality
According to SPT
29. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Terror Management Theory
'Ought' selves
Discrimination
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
30. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Cons of Categorization
(Klein) False Feedback
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
31. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Why AOD?
Message Learning Approach
According to SPT
Affective= Prejudice
32. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Peripheral Route
Pros of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
33. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Self Monitoring
Low Self Monitors
'Cold' Prejudice
34. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
The Need to Belong
Stereotype
'Ought' selves
35. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Social Learning Explanation
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Staats and Staats (1957)
High Elaboration (Central Route
36. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
Big 3 Categories
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Leaning Theories
37. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Enhancing Bias`
38. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Over Justification Effect
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Message Learning Approach
Self Expression
39. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Key Factor of MLA
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self Concept
40. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
According to Self-perception Theory
Big 3 Categories
Pros of Categorization
41. The people we think we should be.
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42. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Self Expression
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
43. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Cons of Categorization
Individuals High in NFC
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Over Justification Effect
44. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
(Shaetner) Shocks
Implicit Association Test
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
45. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Discrimination
Stereotype
Self Presentation
Self Enhancing Bias`
46. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Common Peripheral Cues
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Low Self Monitors
47. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
48. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
High End of the Continuum
Message Learning Approach
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Leaning Theories
49. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
'Hot' Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
50. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Operant Conditioning