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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
'Ideal' selves
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Social Learning Explanation
(Shaetner) Shocks
2. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
Self Concept
ABC Model
Classical Conditioning
3. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Classical Conditioning
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Low End of the Continuum
4. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Need For Cognition NFC
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Presentation
5. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Social Learning Explanation
Terror Management Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Cognitive Consistency Theories
6. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(PCG) Results
(Pelham) Positive Association
According to SPT
7. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Subtype
Insko (1965) Results
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Learning Approach
8. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Common Peripheral Cues
Extrinsic Motivation
9. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Insko (1965) Results
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Shaetner) Shocks
Message Processing Theories
10. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Self Expression
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Peripheral Route
(Amabile) Adult Participants
11. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Authoritarian Personality
Low End of the Continuum
Extrinsic Motivation
Over Justification Effect
12. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
According to SPT
The Need to Belong
Leaning Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
13. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
Rebound Effect
Self Concept
Pros of Categorization
14. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
'Ought' selves
Contact Hypothesis
Message Learning Approach Claims
15. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Need For Cognition NFC
(Klein) False Feedback
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
16. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
17. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
'Ideal' selves
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Handicapped
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
18. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self Monitoring
Individuals Low in NFC
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Klein) False Feedback
19. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
According to SPT
Self Monitoring
Central Route
Rebound Effect
20. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Social Learning Explanation
Cons of Categorization
Insko (1965)
(Klein) False Feedback
21. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
'Hot' Prejudice
Prejudice
Staats and Staats (1957)
22. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Why AOD?
Social Comparison Theory
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
23. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Pros of Categorization
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Big 3 Categories
Cacioppo (1983) UI
24. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Why AOD?
Individuals Low in NFC
Terror Management Theory
25. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classical Conditioning
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Cons of Categorization
26. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Implicit Association Test
Subtype
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Insko (1965) Results
27. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Affective= Prejudice
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
High Self Monitors
28. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
According to SPT
Subtype
29. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Behavioral= Discrimination
30. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Message Learning Approach
Prejudice
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
31. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Discrepancy Theory
According to SPT
32. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing Theories
Self Handicapped
'Hot' Prejudice
33. The people we think we should be.
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34. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Self Presentation
High Self Monitors
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
35. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Need For Cognition NFC
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
36. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Prejudice
Self Monitoring
Individuals High in NFC
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
37. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Individuals High in NFC
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Message Learning Approach Claims
According to Self-perception Theory
38. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classical Conditioning
39. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Classical Conditioning
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Pros of Categorization
Self Monitoring
40. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
According to SPT
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Prejudice
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
41. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Central Route
Classical Conditioning
High Self Monitors
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
42. Doing something because you want to.
Intrinsic Motivation
Insko (1965)
Classical Conditioning
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
43. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Big 3 Categories
Peripheral Route
Message Learning Approach
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
44. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Terror Management Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cognitive Consistency Theories
45. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Social Categorization
Problems of MLA
Pros of Categorization
46. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Social Comparison Theory
According to SPT
Peripheral Route
47. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
ABC Model
Subtype
48. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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49. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
ABC Model
Cons of Categorization
Pros of Categorization
50. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Concept
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotype
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