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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
The Elaboration Continuum
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Discrimination
2. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Contact Hypothesis
Discrimination
3. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Central Route
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Message Learning Approach Claims
Discrimination
4. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Modern research on stereotypes
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Shaetner) Shocks
'Ought' selves
5. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Social Learning Explanation
(Klein) False Feedback
Behavioral= Discrimination
6. The people we want to be.
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7. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Need For Cognition NFC
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Contact Hypothesis
Self Handicapped
8. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self-Perception Theory
9. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Esteem
10. Stereotyping Increases as.
The Elaboration Continuum
Extrinsic Motivation
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
11. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Self-Perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
High End of the Continuum
Social Comparison Theory
12. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Affective= Prejudice
Common Peripheral Cues
'Ideal' selves
Message Processing Theories
13. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
According to SPT
Cognitive= Stereotypes
The Need to Belong
14. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Message Learning Approach
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
15. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Message Learning Approach Claims
Need For Cognition NFC
Modern research on stereotypes
16. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Low Self Monitors
'Cold' Prejudice
17. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Message Learning Approach
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals Low in NFC
18. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Low End of the Continuum
Cons of Categorization
Extrinsic Motivation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
19. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Insko (1965) Results
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Over Justification Effect
20. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotyping is generally associated with
21. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Discrimination
The Need to Belong
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Two Factor Theory of emotion
22. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Affective= Prejudice
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
23. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Prejudice
The Need to Belong
Prejudice
Low End of the Continuum
24. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Big 3 Categories
Social Categorization
Pros of Categorization
Prejudice
25. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cons of Categorization
The Need to Belong
26. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
27. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Social Comparison Theory
28. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive Consistency Theories
29. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
'Ought' selves
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Presentation
30. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Processing Theories
Problems of MLA
31. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Self Monitoring
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Klein) False Feedback
Social Comparison Theory
32. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self-Perception Theory
33. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Monitoring
Rebound Effect
34. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self Monitoring
(PCG) Results
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Need For Cognition NFC
35. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Klein) False Feedback
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
(Pelham) Positive Association
Terror Management Theory
36. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Expression
Leaning Theories
37. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Social Learning Explanation
Staats and Staats (1957)
Problems of MLA
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
38. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Big 3 Categories
Common Peripheral Cues
2 Components of The Social Self
39. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Intrinsic Motivation
Social Categorization
Authoritarian Personality
Self Complexity
40. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Implicit Association Test
Intrinsic Motivation
41. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Monitoring
Terror Management Theory
Social Comparison Theory
42. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Key Factor of MLA
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Two Factor Theory of emotion
43. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
The Need to Belong
Self Concept
Over Justification Effect
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
44. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Central Route
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Big 3 Categories
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
45. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Stereotype
High Elaboration (Central Route
According to SPT
Cacioppo (1983) UI
46. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Need For Cognition NFC
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
47. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
48. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Message Processing Theories
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
The Need to Belong
Social Learning Explanation
49. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Implicit Association Test
Individuals Low in NFC
50. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Insko (1965)
Prejudice
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies