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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Message Processing Theories
Individuals High in NFC
Common Peripheral Cues
Social Categorization
2. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Enhancing Bias`
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Concept
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
3. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Enhancing Bias`
According to Self-perception Theory
Stereotype
4. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Cognitive= Stereotypes
According to Self-perception Theory
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
5. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Presentation
Problems of MLA
Self Concept
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
6. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Intrinsic Motivation
Affective= Prejudice
Self Concept
According to Self-perception Theory
7. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
ABC Model
Prejudice
The Need to Belong
Low End of the Continuum
8. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Intrinsic Motivation
Peripheral Route
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
9. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Key Factor of MLA
According to Self-perception Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
10. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Results
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Affective= Prejudice
11. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Expression
12. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Pros of Categorization
Authoritarian Personality
Self Enhancing Bias`
13. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
14. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Social Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Problems of MLA
Implicit Egoism
15. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
High End of the Continuum
Leaning Theories
Problems of MLA
16. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Low End of the Continuum
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cognitive Consistency Theories
17. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Common Peripheral Cues
'Hot' Prejudice
Insko (1965) Results
(Amabile) Adult Participants
18. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Stereotype
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
19. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Message Processing Theories
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Concept
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
20. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Amabile) Adult Participants
21. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Social Learning Explanation
Leaning Theories
22. Message Learning Approach
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Implicit Association Test
Leaning Theories
High Elaboration (Central Route
23. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
24. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Expression
Pros of Categorization
Self Esteem
25. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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26. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Self-Perception Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
ABC Model
Implicit Egoism
27. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Need For Cognition NFC
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Low End of the Continuum
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
28. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Intrinsic Motivation
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Problems of MLA
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
29. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Big 3 Categories
(Shaetner) Shocks
The Elaboration Continuum
Social Categorization
30. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Common Peripheral Cues
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
31. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Central Route
Cons of Categorization
According to SPT
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
32. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Implicit Egoism
Contact Hypothesis
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
33. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(PCG) Results
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
34. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Discrimination
35. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Central Route
Pros of Categorization
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
36. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Authoritarian Personality
(PCG) Results
Social Comparison Theory
Implicit Association Test
37. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Individuals High in NFC
Central Route
Social Learning Explanation
Key Factor of MLA
38. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Over Justification Effect
Staats and Staats (1957)
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
39. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Self Handicapped
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Individuals High in NFC
Self Concept
40. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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41. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Contact Hypothesis
The Need to Belong
Self Enhancing Bias`
Insko (1965) Results
42. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Esteem
2 Components of The Social Self
43. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Need For Cognition NFC
44. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
45. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Self Expression
Implicit Egoism
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Why AOD?
46. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self-Perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
47. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Self Monitoring
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
48. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Concept
49. The people we want to be.
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50. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
According to Self-perception Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA