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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Low Self Monitors
Affective= Prejudice
(Klein) False Feedback
Message Learning Approach
2. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
ABC Model
Subtype
3. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Problems of MLA
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Insko (1965) Results
4. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Need For Cognition NFC
Insko (1965)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
5. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
6. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Message Learning Approach
Insko (1965)
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
7. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Message Processing Theories
Implicit Egoism
Low Self Monitors
Leaning Theories
8. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
'Hot' Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
9. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
Need For Cognition NFC
'Hot' Prejudice
Insko (1965)
10. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Self Presentation
Cons of Categorization
Self Enhancing Bias`
11. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Subtype
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Klein) False Feedback
Key Factor of MLA
12. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Implicit Association Test
Modern research on stereotypes
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
13. Avoid effortful thinking.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Individuals Low in NFC
Pros of Categorization
Modern research on stereotypes
14. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Discrimination
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
'Ought' selves
Common Peripheral Cues
15. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Pros of Categorization
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
16. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Implicit Association Test
High End of the Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
17. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
(PCG) Results
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High Elaboration (Central Route
Peripheral Route
19. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Cons of Categorization
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Message Learning Approach
20. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self-Perception Theory
21. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Authoritarian Personality
22. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Intrinsic Motivation
High End of the Continuum
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
23. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
'Cold' Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
The Need to Belong
ABC Model
24. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Common Peripheral Cues
Individuals High in NFC
25. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Big 3 Categories
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Leaning Theories
Authoritarian Personality
26. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Complexity
Self Concept
According to Self-perception Theory
27. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Social Learning Explanation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Shaetner) Shocks
28. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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29. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Enhancing Bias`
Social Comparison Theory
30. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Self Monitoring
'Ought' selves
Pros of Categorization
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
31. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Message Learning Approach
32. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Individuals Low in NFC
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cognitive= Stereotypes
33. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Self Esteem
Authoritarian Personality
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
34. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Modern research on stereotypes
Pros of Categorization
35. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self Complexity
Self-Perception Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
36. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Terror Management Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
'Hot' Prejudice
37. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
38. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
High Elaboration (Central Route
Rebound Effect
Central Route
39. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Classical Conditioning
Over Justification Effect
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Klein) False Feedback
40. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Insko (1965)
Message Learning Approach Claims
Prejudice
High End of the Continuum
41. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Contact Hypothesis
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
42. Doing something because you want to.
Intrinsic Motivation
Low Self Monitors
Cons of Categorization
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
43. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Central Route
Low Self Monitors
Social Categorization
44. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
High Self Monitors
Big 3 Categories
Self Esteem
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
45. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Authoritarian Personality
Big 3 Categories
Cognitive= Stereotypes
46. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Rebound Effect
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
47. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Common Peripheral Cues
High End of the Continuum
The Elaboration Continuum
48. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Cold' Prejudice
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Insko (1965)
49. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Implicit Association Test
Common Peripheral Cues
Extrinsic Motivation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
50. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Classical Conditioning
Contact Hypothesis
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases