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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Key Factor of MLA
Self Monitoring
Self Concept
Discrimination
2. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Peripheral Route
Stereotype
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
2 Components of The Social Self
3. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Implicit Association Test
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
4. Stereotyping Increases as.
'Hot' Prejudice
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Social Learning Explanation
5. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
6. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Rebound Effect
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
7. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Leaning Theories
Insko (1965)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
8. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Intrinsic Motivation
Message Learning Approach Claims
9. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
High End of the Continuum
Key Factor of MLA
Affective= Prejudice
10. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
High Self Monitors
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Modern research on stereotypes
Cacioppo (1983) UI
11. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Stereotype
Message Learning Approach
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Authoritarian Personality
12. Superficial Processing.
Self Handicapped
(PCG) Results
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Stereotyping is generally associated with
13. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
'Hot' Prejudice
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Peripheral Route
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
14. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Common Peripheral Cues
Over Justification Effect
Staats and Staats (1957)
15. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Shaetner) Shocks
ABC Model
Self Monitoring
(Klein) False Feedback
16. The people we think we should be.
17. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
According to SPT
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
18. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Rebound Effect
Self-Perception Theory
The Need to Belong
19. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
Staats and Staats (1957)
Cons of Categorization
Why AOD?
20. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
'Hot' Prejudice
Stereotype
21. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Key Factor of MLA
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Problems of MLA
Self Expression
22. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
(Klein) False Feedback
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Esteem
23. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Prejudice
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
24. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Contact Hypothesis
High End of the Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Social Categorization
25. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
Big 3 Categories
Implicit Association Test
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
According to Self-perception Theory
26. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Key Factor of MLA
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Low End of the Continuum
27. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Common Peripheral Cues
According to SPT
28. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Classical Conditioning
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Need For Cognition NFC
Self Expression
29. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Self Expression
Low End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
Prejudice
30. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Rebound Effect
Self Presentation
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Concept
31. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
32. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Need to Belong
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Learning Approach
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
33. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Key Factor of MLA
Pros of Categorization
Discrimination
Cons of Categorization
34. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Self Presentation
'Ideal' selves
Self Esteem
35. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Cons of Categorization
The Elaboration Continuum
Cacioppo (1983) UI
36. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Pelham) Positive Association
'Ought' selves
37. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Enhancing Bias`
Staats and Staats (1957)
'Ought' selves
38. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Insko (1965) Results
Stereotype
Cons of Categorization
39. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
2 Components of The Social Self
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Why AOD?
Operant Conditioning
40. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Intrinsic Motivation
Rebound Effect
Operant Conditioning
Cognitive Consistency Theories
41. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Individuals High in NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Shaetner) Shocks
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
42. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Social Categorization
43. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Intrinsic Motivation
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Concept
Common Peripheral Cues
44. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Authoritarian Personality
'Ideal' selves
Self Monitoring
According to Self-perception Theory
45. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Subtype
46. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Pros of Categorization
Over Justification Effect
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
47. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Self Concept
Common Peripheral Cues
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
48. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Complexity
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Rebound Effect
49. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Monitoring
(Amabile) Adult Participants
50. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Affective= Prejudice
Self Handicapped