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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Cons of Categorization
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
2. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Big 3 Categories
Message Processing Theories
Implicit Egoism
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
3. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Low Self Monitors
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Esteem
Self Enhancing Bias`
4. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Over Justification Effect
5. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Pelham) Positive Association
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
6. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Big 3 Categories
Message Learning Approach
Extrinsic Motivation
According to SPT
7. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Message Learning Approach
Behavioral= Discrimination
Central Route
Stereotyping is generally associated with
8. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Why AOD?
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
9. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Authoritarian Personality
Individuals High in NFC
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
According to SPT
10. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Message Processing Theories
Low End of the Continuum
Pros of Categorization
'Ideal' selves
11. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Esteem
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
12. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Problems of MLA
Self Concept
Self Complexity
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
13. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Contact Hypothesis
Cacioppo (1983) UI
14. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
High Elaboration (Central Route
Prejudice
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
15. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Monitoring
Social Comparison Theory
Self Enhancing Bias`
16. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self Presentation
(Shaetner) Shocks
Individuals Low in NFC
2 Components of The Social Self
17. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Extrinsic Motivation
(Pelham) Positive Association
Contact Hypothesis
18. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Individuals Low in NFC
Self-Perception Theory
19. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Pros of Categorization
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
20. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Self Concept
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Contact Hypothesis
Message Learning Approach
21. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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22. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self-Perception Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
(PCG) Results
Problems of MLA
23. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
'Cold' Prejudice
Affective= Prejudice
Over Justification Effect
24. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Self Concept
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
'Cold' Prejudice
25. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Learning Approach
Over Justification Effect
The Need to Belong
26. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Peripheral Route
(Shaetner) Shocks
27. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
'Ideal' selves
Key Factor of MLA
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
28. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Perception Theory
Behavioral= Discrimination
29. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
30. Message Learning Approach
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Leaning Theories
'Ought' selves
Insko (1965)
31. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Need For Cognition NFC
32. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Common Peripheral Cues
Common Peripheral Cues
The Need to Belong
33. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Problems of MLA
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Implicit Association Test
34. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Self Complexity
(PCG) Results
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Esteem
35. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Modern research on stereotypes
High Self Monitors
Insko (1965)
Cons of Categorization
36. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Handicapped
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
37. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotype
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Over Justification Effect
38. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
Intrinsic Motivation
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
39. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Message Processing Theories
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive= Stereotypes
40. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Big 3 Categories
Self-Perception Theory
High Self Monitors
41. The people we think we should be.
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42. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Self Handicapped
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
43. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
44. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Complexity
High Self Monitors
Self Presentation
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
45. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Social Learning Explanation
Self Monitoring
Problems of MLA
46. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Subtype
Modern research on stereotypes
Self Expression
High End of the Continuum
47. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
'Ideal' selves
Implicit Association Test
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Complexity
48. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Individuals High in NFC
Peripheral Route
Leaning Theories
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
49. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Classical Conditioning
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotype
Behavioral= Discrimination
50. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Rebound Effect
(Pelham) Positive Association
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases