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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Extrinsic Motivation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Social Categorization
2. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Key Factor of MLA
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self Monitoring
3. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Leaning Theories
Social Learning Explanation
Staats and Staats (1957)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
4. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Pelham) Positive Association
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
5. Doing something because you want to.
Need For Cognition NFC
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Individuals Low in NFC
Intrinsic Motivation
6. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Big 3 Categories
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Problems of MLA
7. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Self Expression
High Self Monitors
Modern research on stereotypes
Discrimination
8. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Self Expression
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Social Learning Explanation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
9. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Individuals Low in NFC
Stereotype
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Key Factor of MLA
10. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Leaning Theories
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
11. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Cons of Categorization
'Hot' Prejudice
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Insko (1965) Results
12. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Leaning Theories
Self Esteem
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self-Discrepancy Theory
13. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Affective= Prejudice
Leaning Theories
Rebound Effect
14. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Need For Cognition NFC
Behavioral= Discrimination
15. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Key Factor of MLA
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Perception Theory
Self Handicapped
16. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Message Learning Approach
17. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
Self-Perception Theory
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Social Learning Explanation
18. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self-Perception Theory
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Social Comparison Theory
19. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Problems of MLA
Cons of Categorization
Low Self Monitors
20. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Self Concept
High End of the Continuum
Common Peripheral Cues
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
21. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Cons of Categorization
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Insko (1965) Results
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
22. Avoid effortful thinking.
Individuals Low in NFC
Pros of Categorization
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Social Comparison Theory
23. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
Self Handicapped
Subtype
(Amabile) Adult Participants
24. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
According to Self-perception Theory
Discrimination
Key Factor of MLA
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
25. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self Handicapped
Rebound Effect
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Prejudice
26. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Message Processing Theories
According to SPT
27. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Common Peripheral Cues
28. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Individuals Low in NFC
Problems of MLA
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Presentation
29. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
High End of the Continuum
Two Factor Theory of emotion
'Ideal' selves
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
30. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
31. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Central Route
Staats and Staats (1957)
(PCG) Results
Extrinsic Motivation
32. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
The Elaboration Continuum
Social Learning Explanation
Subtype
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
33. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Terror Management Theory
Message Processing Theories
High End of the Continuum
Staats and Staats (1957)
34. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Peripheral Route
Over Justification Effect
Implicit Egoism
35. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Social Learning Explanation
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Contact Hypothesis
Low End of the Continuum
36. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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37. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Individuals Low in NFC
Classical Conditioning
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Perception Theory
38. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Message Processing Theories
Implicit Association Test
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Social Categorization
39. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Message Processing Theories
Problems of MLA
Peripheral Route
40. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Self Complexity
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
ABC Model
41. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Contact Hypothesis
Insko (1965)
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Low Self Monitors
42. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
2 Components of The Social Self
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive= Stereotypes
43. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Self-Perception Theory
Common Peripheral Cues
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self-Perception Theory
44. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Klein) False Feedback
High End of the Continuum
45. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Contact Hypothesis
Social Comparison Theory
Self Esteem
46. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Self-Perception Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
Authoritarian Personality
Cons of Categorization
47. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Authoritarian Personality
'Ought' selves
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
48. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Big 3 Categories
'Hot' Prejudice
Self-Perception Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
49. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Stereotype
'Hot' Prejudice
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Pelham) Positive Association
50. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Affective= Prejudice
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
According to Self-perception Theory