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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
According to Self-perception Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Self Complexity
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
2. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Key Factor of MLA
Central Route
Contact Hypothesis
According to SPT
3. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Problems of MLA
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Message Learning Approach Claims
4. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Rebound Effect
Implicit Egoism
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
5. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Need For Cognition NFC
High Elaboration (Central Route
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Insko (1965)
6. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Modern research on stereotypes
Problems of MLA
Authoritarian Personality
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
7. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Prejudice
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Message Learning Approach
8. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Behavioral= Discrimination
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
9. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Self-Perception Theory
Self Handicapped
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
10. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Operant Conditioning
Cons of Categorization
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Monitoring
11. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Social Categorization
Low Self Monitors
Cons of Categorization
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
12. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Big 3 Categories
'Ought' selves
13. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Why AOD?
Key Factor of MLA
14. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Cons of Categorization
Implicit Association Test
15. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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16. The people we think we should be.
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17. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Self Presentation
Self Complexity
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Staats and Staats (1957)
18. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Peripheral Route
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
The Need to Belong
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
19. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
The Need to Belong
'Hot' Prejudice
Need For Cognition NFC
Message Learning Approach
20. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Big 3 Categories
Over Justification Effect
Self Handicapped
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
21. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Stereotype
ABC Model
Extrinsic Motivation
22. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Monitoring
Key Factor of MLA
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
23. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Implicit Association Test
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Individuals High in NFC
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
24. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Presentation
'Hot' Prejudice
2 Components of The Social Self
25. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Pelham) Positive Association
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Insko (1965) Results
26. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Social Learning Explanation
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
27. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Subtype
Implicit Association Test
Self Expression
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
28. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self Handicapped
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
2 Components of The Social Self
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
29. The people we want to be.
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30. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
High End of the Continuum
(Amabile) Adult Participants
31. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Implicit Association Test
Prejudice
'Cold' Prejudice
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
32. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Pros of Categorization
Low End of the Continuum
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
33. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
2 Components of The Social Self
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
34. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Individuals High in NFC
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
35. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Individuals High in NFC
Problems of MLA
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Amabile) Adult Participants
36. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Modern research on stereotypes
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
The Elaboration Continuum
Intrinsic Motivation
37. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
'Hot' Prejudice
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Self-Perception Theory
38. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
(PCG) Results
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
39. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Stereotype
Classical Conditioning
40. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Extrinsic Motivation
Individuals High in NFC
Authoritarian Personality
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
41. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Discrimination
Leaning Theories
Self Monitoring
Social Categorization
42. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Peripheral Route
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
The Elaboration Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
43. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Pros of Categorization
44. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self-Perception Theory
Need For Cognition NFC
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
45. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
High Self Monitors
Pros of Categorization
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Social Comparison Theory
46. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
'Ought' selves
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Need For Cognition NFC
47. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
Self Monitoring
According to Self-perception Theory
48. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Social Comparison Theory
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Presentation
49. The people we think we should be.
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50. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Self-Perception Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result