SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Stereotype
Self-Perception Theory
(Amabile) Adult Participants
2. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
'Cold' Prejudice
3. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Social Comparison Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Esteem
4. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
5. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
'Hot' Prejudice
Self Expression
Classical Conditioning
6. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
7. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Why AOD?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Problems of MLA
(Klein) False Feedback
8. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Why AOD?
'Ought' selves
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
9. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
'Ideal' selves
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
The Elaboration Continuum
10. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Self Concept
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Intrinsic Motivation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
11. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
2 Components of The Social Self
Self Complexity
Peripheral Route
12. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Message Learning Approach
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Enhancing Bias`
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
13. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Key Factor of MLA
Discrimination
Contact Hypothesis
Self Complexity
14. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
High Elaboration (Central Route
Subtype
15. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Individuals High in NFC
Why AOD?
Subtype
16. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Social Learning Explanation
Rebound Effect
Social Learning Explanation
Affective= Prejudice
17. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Rebound Effect
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
18. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Shaetner) Shocks
19. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Need For Cognition NFC
Self-Perception Theory
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Problems of MLA
20. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Modern research on stereotypes
Affective= Prejudice
High Elaboration (Central Route
21. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Staats and Staats (1957)
Message Processing Theories
22. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Self Esteem
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Individuals High in NFC
Central Route
23. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Message Processing Theories
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
2 Components of The Social Self
Pros of Categorization
24. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(PCG) Results
Over Justification Effect
25. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
Self-Perception Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
The Elaboration Continuum
26. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Problems of MLA
27. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Leaning Theories
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
28. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Over Justification Effect
Low End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
29. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Problems of MLA
Self-Perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
30. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Self Enhancing Bias`
The Elaboration Continuum
Stereotype
(Klein) False Feedback
31. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Low Self Monitors
Stereotyping is generally associated with
'Ideal' selves
32. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
2 Components of The Social Self
33. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Message Processing Theories
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self Esteem
Common Peripheral Cues
34. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Cons of Categorization
High Elaboration (Central Route
35. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Klein) False Feedback
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
36. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Learning Approach
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Concept
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
37. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Peripheral Route
38. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Pros of Categorization
(Pelham) Positive Association
Social Comparison Theory
Key Factor of MLA
39. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Why AOD?
'Ideal' selves
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
40. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Contact Hypothesis
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
41. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
Self Esteem
Classical Conditioning
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
42. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Big 3 Categories
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
According to SPT
43. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Presentation
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
44. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Big 3 Categories
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
45. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
According to SPT
Peripheral Route
Implicit Association Test
(Pelham) Positive Association
46. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Central Route
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Processing Theories
Individuals High in NFC
47. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
(PCG) Results
Affective= Prejudice
According to SPT
Cognitive Consistency Theories
48. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Peripheral Route
Self-Perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Need For Cognition NFC
49. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cons of Categorization
Self Enhancing Bias`
Individuals High in NFC
50. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Need For Cognition NFC
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Contact Hypothesis
Staats and Staats (1957)