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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Pelham) Positive Association
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Modern research on stereotypes
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
2. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Cons of Categorization
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Over Justification Effect
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
3. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
The Elaboration Continuum
Peripheral Route
4. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Social Categorization
Rebound Effect
The Need to Belong
5. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
According to Self-perception Theory
Self-Perception Theory
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
6. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Rebound Effect
Social Comparison Theory
High End of the Continuum
(Pelham) Positive Association
7. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
The Elaboration Continuum
Cons of Categorization
Intrinsic Motivation
High Self Monitors
8. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Implicit Association Test
Key Factor of MLA
Prejudice
9. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
'Ought' selves
10. Doing something because you want to.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Intrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Extrinsic Motivation
11. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
'Cold' Prejudice
Self Presentation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
12. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Complexity
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
13. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
14. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Social Categorization
Affective= Prejudice
15. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
The Elaboration Continuum
ABC Model
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
16. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Shaetner) Shocks
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
17. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Need For Cognition NFC
Prejudice
Cognitive Consistency Theories
18. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Over Justification Effect
Message Learning Approach Claims
Operant Conditioning
Self-Perception Theory
19. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Social Comparison Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Key Factor of MLA
'Cold' Prejudice
20. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
ABC Model
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
21. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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22. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Affective= Prejudice
According to SPT
Self Complexity
23. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Authoritarian Personality
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
According to SPT
Self-Perception Theory
24. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self-Perception Theory
Problems of MLA
Implicit Association Test
25. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
26. The people we want to be.
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27. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Implicit Egoism
High Self Monitors
(Klein) False Feedback
28. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Implicit Association Test
According to Self-perception Theory
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
According to SPT
29. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Social Comparison Theory
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Individuals High in NFC
30. Doing something because you want to.
'Ideal' selves
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Intrinsic Motivation
31. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Extrinsic Motivation
Rebound Effect
32. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotype
33. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Leaning Theories
Implicit Association Test
34. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Discrimination
Cacioppo (1983) UI
High End of the Continuum
The Elaboration Continuum
35. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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36. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
37. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Authoritarian Personality
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
ABC Model
38. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Why AOD?
Stereotype
Implicit Association Test
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
39. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Affective= Prejudice
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
40. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Pelham) Positive Association
Social Categorization
ABC Model
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
41. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Why AOD?
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Enhancing Bias`
42. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
43. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
Modern research on stereotypes
Central Route
High End of the Continuum
44. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
High End of the Continuum
2 Components of The Social Self
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Social Learning Explanation
45. The people we want to be.
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46. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
'Ideal' selves
Behavioral= Discrimination
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
47. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
'Ideal' selves
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Central Route
(PCG) Results
48. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Expression
The Need to Belong
49. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Stereotype
(PCG) Results
50. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
2 Components of The Social Self
The Need to Belong
Two Factor Theory of emotion