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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Self Monitoring
Implicit Egoism
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Affective= Prejudice
2. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
3. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Message Processing Theories
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Two Factor Theory of emotion
4. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
Leaning Theories
Low Self Monitors
Operant Conditioning
5. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Intrinsic Motivation
Need For Cognition NFC
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
6. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Peripheral Route
Self Esteem
High Elaboration (Central Route
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
7. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Self Complexity
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Low Self Monitors
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
8. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Big 3 Categories
Self Presentation
Behavioral= Discrimination
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
9. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Message Processing Theories
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
10. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
High Self Monitors
Self Handicapped
Self Enhancing Bias`
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
11. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Social Learning Explanation
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
12. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(PCG) Results
Rebound Effect
13. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Big 3 Categories
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
14. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Social Comparison Theory
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
15. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Low Self Monitors
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
16. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Low Self Monitors
Intrinsic Motivation
The Elaboration Continuum
17. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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18. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Self Presentation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Modern research on stereotypes
High Self Monitors
19. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
According to SPT
Key Factor of MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
20. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Self Esteem
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Contact Hypothesis
Common Peripheral Cues
21. Under time pressure -Experiencing extreme emotions - At low circadian rhythm (tired)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Peripheral Route
22. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Discrimination
Pros of Categorization
23. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Common Peripheral Cues
Behavioral= Discrimination
Social Comparison Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
24. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Central Route
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self-Perception Theory
25. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Need For Cognition NFC
2 Components of The Social Self
Common Peripheral Cues
26. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Intrinsic Motivation
Self Expression
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Message Learning Approach
27. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Insko (1965)
Need For Cognition NFC
28. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
Self Complexity
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Monitoring
Why AOD?
29. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Rebound Effect
Key Factor of MLA
Intrinsic Motivation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
30. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Extrinsic Motivation
Rebound Effect
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cons of Categorization
31. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self Concept
32. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
33. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Intrinsic Motivation
Key Factor of MLA
34. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Big 3 Categories
35. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Over Justification Effect
Self Expression
'Ought' selves
36. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Affective= Prejudice
Extrinsic Motivation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
ABC Model
37. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Social Categorization
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
38. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Why AOD?
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
39. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Affective= Prejudice
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
40. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Message Learning Approach
Implicit Association Test
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
41. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
'Hot' Prejudice
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Individuals High in NFC
42. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
According to SPT
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
43. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Self Monitoring
Stereotype
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Operant Conditioning
44. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
Behavioral= Discrimination
The Need to Belong
45. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Insko (1965)
46. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Message Learning Approach
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Individuals High in NFC
47. Avoid effortful thinking.
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
'Ideal' selves
Individuals Low in NFC
48. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Key Factor of MLA
49. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Problems of MLA
Implicit Association Test
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
50. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
According to SPT
Message Learning Approach Claims
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