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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Over Justification Effect
Rebound Effect
Cognitive= Stereotypes
2. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
(Klein) False Feedback
'Cold' Prejudice
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Cacioppo (1983) UI
3. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Classical Conditioning
Self-Discrepancy Theory
4. Superficial Processing.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Rebound Effect
5. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Self-Perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
6. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Self Handicapped
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Individuals High in NFC
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
7. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Implicit Egoism
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
8. The people we think we should be.
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9. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Message Learning Approach
Stereotype
10. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self Presentation
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
11. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Problems of MLA
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Terror Management Theory
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
12. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Extrinsic Motivation
Message Learning Approach Claims
Behavioral= Discrimination
13. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
Self Esteem
Self Presentation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Peripheral Route
14. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
According to SPT
Message Learning Approach
Subtype
Self Expression
15. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Over Justification Effect
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Prejudice
16. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Individuals Low in NFC
According to Self-perception Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self-Perception Theory
17. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Contact Hypothesis
Self Esteem
Cons of Categorization
18. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self Monitoring
ABC Model
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
19. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Common Peripheral Cues
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
20. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
'Ought' selves
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Modern research on stereotypes
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
21. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Leaning Theories
Common Peripheral Cues
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Pros of Categorization
22. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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23. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Low End of the Continuum
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
24. Avoid effortful thinking.
Message Learning Approach Claims
Individuals Low in NFC
Social Learning Explanation
Self Monitoring
25. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Individuals High in NFC
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Message Processing Theories
26. The people we want to be.
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27. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Individuals Low in NFC
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Message Processing Theories
Terror Management Theory
28. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Self Concept
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning Explanation
2 Components of The Social Self
29. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Ought' selves
The Elaboration Continuum
Cacioppo (1983) UI
30. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Individuals Low in NFC
31. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Big 3 Categories
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotype
32. Avoid effortful thinking.
(PCG) Results
Need For Cognition NFC
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
33. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(PCG) Results
Rebound Effect
Terror Management Theory
34. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Stereotype
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
35. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Need For Cognition NFC
High Self Monitors
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
36. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Over Justification Effect
Modern research on stereotypes
Stereotype
Insko (1965) Results
37. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Pros of Categorization
Self Monitoring
38. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
The Elaboration Continuum
Pros of Categorization
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
39. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Peripheral Route
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Prejudice
Self Esteem
40. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Contact Hypothesis
'Hot' Prejudice
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
High Elaboration (Central Route
41. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Affective= Prejudice
Self Monitoring
Social Categorization
Cognitive Consistency Theories
42. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Stereotype
Central Route
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
43. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Affective= Prejudice
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Operant Conditioning
44. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Self Expression
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
45. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Complexity
Social Learning Explanation
Individuals High in NFC
46. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
47. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Subtype
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
48. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
49. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Esteem
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Cognitive= Stereotypes
50. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Peripheral Route
Intrinsic Motivation