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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Prejudice
According to Self-perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
2. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Rebound Effect
(PCG) Results
Big 3 Categories
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
3. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Over Justification Effect
High Self Monitors
Message Processing Theories
Self-Perception Theory
4. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Handicapped
Self Esteem
Modern research on stereotypes
5. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
According to Self-perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Pros of Categorization
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
6. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Self Monitoring
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Social Learning Explanation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
7. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Klein) False Feedback
Modern research on stereotypes
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
8. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
High End of the Continuum
Self-Perception Theory
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Prejudice
9. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self Expression
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Low End of the Continuum
10. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Self Complexity
High Elaboration (Central Route
Rebound Effect
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
11. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
ABC Model
Problems of MLA
Self Enhancing Bias`
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
12. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Social Comparison Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Low End of the Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
13. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Social Categorization
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
14. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Message Learning Approach
Insko (1965)
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
15. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Low Self Monitors
Self-Perception Theory
16. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Why AOD?
17. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
2 Components of The Social Self
(PCG) Results
Low End of the Continuum
The Need to Belong
18. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Self-Perception Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
19. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
20. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Classical Conditioning
(Klein) False Feedback
Insko (1965) Results
Need For Cognition NFC
21. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Why AOD?
High End of the Continuum
22. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Discrimination
Self Enhancing Bias`
23. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Self-Perception Theory
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Common Peripheral Cues
24. The people we want to be.
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25. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Monitoring
Self Complexity
26. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
High End of the Continuum
Implicit Association Test
High Self Monitors
27. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Self Complexity
Message Learning Approach Claims
Social Categorization
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
28. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Intrinsic Motivation
Operant Conditioning
(Pelham) Positive Association
Stereotype
29. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Central Route
'Ideal' selves
'Cold' Prejudice
(Amabile) Adult Participants
30. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Prejudice
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
'Hot' Prejudice
31. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
The Need to Belong
Social Comparison Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
32. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
Extrinsic Motivation
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
ABC Model
Self Esteem
33. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
(Klein) False Feedback
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
'Hot' Prejudice
34. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Pros of Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Self Presentation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
35. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Implicit Egoism
Extrinsic Motivation
Leaning Theories
36. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self Esteem
(PCG) Results
Insko (1965)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
37. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Low End of the Continuum
Insko (1965) Results
Self-Perception Theory
Self Complexity
38. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Implicit Egoism
Discrimination
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
39. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Contact Hypothesis
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Insko (1965)
40. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Discrimination
Staats and Staats (1957)
Staats and Staats (1957)
Authoritarian Personality
41. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Big 3 Categories
Operant Conditioning
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
42. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
Implicit Association Test
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Big 3 Categories
43. Conditional (Classical/Operant) - Mere exposure effect - Self-perception effects.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
(Pelham) Positive Association
Self Complexity
44. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Need For Cognition NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Insko (1965) Results
(Shaetner) Shocks
45. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
The Need to Belong
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Prejudice
46. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self Presentation
'Cold' Prejudice
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self-Perception Theory
47. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
The Need to Belong
Self Esteem
48. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Over Justification Effect
Self Monitoring
Self Expression
49. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Expression
Need For Cognition NFC
Pros of Categorization
50. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Self Expression
Low End of the Continuum
Social Learning Explanation
The Need to Belong
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