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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
'Cold' Prejudice
2. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Peripheral Route
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Subtype
3. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self Esteem
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
4. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Big 3 Categories
5. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Big 3 Categories
(PCG) Results
6. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Enhancing Bias`
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
'Hot' Prejudice
7. Avoid effortful thinking.
Over Justification Effect
Discrimination
Low Self Monitors
Individuals Low in NFC
8. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
'Ideal' selves
Contact Hypothesis
Big 3 Categories
9. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
High End of the Continuum
Staats and Staats (1957)
According to Self-perception Theory
'Hot' Prejudice
10. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Message Learning Approach
Problems of MLA
11. Doing something because you want to.
Individuals Low in NFC
Two Factor Theory of emotion
(Klein) False Feedback
Intrinsic Motivation
12. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Self Presentation
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Shaetner) Shocks
13. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Klein) False Feedback
14. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
According to Self-perception Theory
Over Justification Effect
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
15. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Monitoring
The Elaboration Continuum
16. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Message Processing Theories
According to SPT
2 Components of The Social Self
Over Justification Effect
17. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Social Comparison Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Central Route
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
18. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Social Learning Explanation
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
19. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
Why AOD?
Cons of Categorization
20. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Prejudice
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
21. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Complexity
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
22. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Self Concept
Implicit Association Test
Contact Hypothesis
2 Components of The Social Self
23. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Self-Perception Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
High Elaboration (Central Route
24. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
The Elaboration Continuum
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
25. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Message Learning Approach
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
High End of the Continuum
26. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Social Categorization
Leaning Theories
Low End of the Continuum
27. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Implicit Association Test
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Leaning Theories
28. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Prejudice
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Peripheral Route
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
29. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Low End of the Continuum
Classical Conditioning
Social Categorization
Self Complexity
30. Central Route - Systematic Processing
'Cold' Prejudice
High End of the Continuum
Self Concept
Modern research on stereotypes
31. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Prejudice
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Stereotype
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
32. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
33. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Concept
34. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
Insko (1965) Results
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Peripheral Route
35. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
'Hot' Prejudice
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
'Hot' Prejudice
36. Avoid effortful thinking.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Individuals Low in NFC
High Self Monitors
(Pelham) Positive Association
37. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
The Need to Belong
Terror Management Theory
High End of the Continuum
38. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Self Handicapped
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Self Esteem
39. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals High in NFC
Over Justification Effect
Implicit Egoism
High Self Monitors
40. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Social Categorization
41. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Leaning Theories
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
42. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Intrinsic Motivation
43. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Insko (1965) Results
Message Learning Approach
2 Components of The Social Self
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
44. A covert computer based measure derived from the speed at which people respond to paring of a concept. (How quickly associate minorities with danger).
High Self Monitors
Central Route
Implicit Association Test
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
45. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Self Handicapped
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Self Enhancing Bias`
Contact Hypothesis
46. The people we think we should be.
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47. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
48. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
High End of the Continuum
Affective= Prejudice
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self-Perception Theory
49. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Social Learning Explanation
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
50. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Key Factor of MLA
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Cognitive= Stereotypes