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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Extrinsic Motivation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Social Learning Explanation
2 Components of The Social Self
2. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Classical Conditioning
Self-Perception Theory
High Self Monitors
Two Factor Theory of emotion
3. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Classical Conditioning
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
According to Self-perception Theory
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
4. The extent to which people are sensitive to the demands of social situations and shape their behavior accordingly.
The Elaboration Continuum
Insko (1965)
Self Monitoring
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
5. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
6. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Self Enhancing Bias`
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Classical Conditioning
7. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Self Expression
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Insko (1965) Results
8. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Self Complexity
Cacioppo (1983) UI
The Need to Belong
Insko (1965)
9. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Message Processing Theories
Low Self Monitors
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
10. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Peripheral Route
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Self-Discrepancy Theory
11. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
(Shaetner) Shocks
Social Learning Explanation
High Self Monitors
Low Self Monitors
12. Avoid effortful thinking.
Terror Management Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Individuals Low in NFC
Leaning Theories
13. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Shaetner) Shocks
Common Peripheral Cues
14. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
The Elaboration Continuum
High Self Monitors
Self-Perception Theory
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
15. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
'Cold' Prejudice
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Self-Perception Theory
Discrimination
16. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Shaetner) Shocks
Key Factor of MLA
(PCG) Results
17. The people we want to be.
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18. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Handicapped
Operant Conditioning
Intrinsic Motivation
19. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Extrinsic Motivation
Social Learning Explanation
Common Peripheral Cues
Insko (1965) Results
20. Elaboration likelihood model - Heuristic Systematic Model.
Implicit Association Test
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Insko (1965)
Message Processing Theories
21. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Terror Management Theory
ABC Model
Insko (1965) Results
'Ought' selves
22. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Subtype
Key Factor of MLA
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
23. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Rebound Effect
Why AOD?
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Social Comparison Theory
24. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
Individuals Low in NFC
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Pros of Categorization
25. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(Klein) False Feedback
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
26. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Prejudice
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Affective= Prejudice
27. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
The Elaboration Continuum
28. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
2 Components of The Social Self
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(PCG) Results
29. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
The Elaboration Continuum
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cons of Categorization
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
30. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
According to Self-perception Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
High End of the Continuum
31. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
'Hot' Prejudice
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Prejudice
32. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Amabile) Adult Participants
33. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Self Esteem
Cacioppo (1983) UI
(PCG) Results
Implicit Egoism
34. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Contact Hypothesis
Low Self Monitors
Self Esteem
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
35. Stereotyping Increases as.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
'Ought' selves
Prejudice
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
36. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Self Monitoring
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Self Expression
37. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Behavioral= Discrimination
Need For Cognition NFC
'Ought' selves
'Ideal' selves
38. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Pros of Categorization
Need For Cognition NFC
39. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Stereotyping is generally associated with
40. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
According to Self-perception Theory
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
41. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Modern research on stereotypes
Rebound Effect
42. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Complexity
Self Presentation
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
43. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
'Ought' selves
Self Expression
Discrimination
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
44. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Subtype
Authoritarian Personality
Rebound Effect
Cons of Categorization
45. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
Message Learning Approach Claims
Self-Perception Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
46. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
'Hot' Prejudice
Stereotype
Authoritarian Personality
47. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Social Learning Explanation
Need For Cognition NFC
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
48. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
'Ideal' selves
Implicit Egoism
Self Handicapped
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
49. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Authoritarian Personality
Affective= Prejudice
Peripheral Route
Subtype
50. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
ABC Model
Need For Cognition NFC
Authoritarian Personality
Contact Hypothesis