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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Common Peripheral Cues
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
2. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Why AOD?
Subtype
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
3. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
Problems of MLA
Self Monitoring
Self Handicapped
High Self Monitors
4. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Operant Conditioning
Self-Perception Theory
Rebound Effect
5. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
Central Route
Rebound Effect
'Ought' selves
2 Components of The Social Self
6. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Peripheral Route
Self Esteem
7. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
8. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
Staats and Staats (1957)
Implicit Egoism
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Self Expression
9. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
ABC Model
Classical Conditioning
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
'Ought' selves
10. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Presentation
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
11. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
Social Learning Explanation
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Common Peripheral Cues
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
12. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Self Monitoring
Prejudice
Pros of Categorization
Subtype
13. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Insko (1965)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Individuals High in NFC
14. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Key Factor of MLA
Self Complexity
Social Categorization
15. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Prejudice
Contact Hypothesis
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Low Self Monitors
16. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Self Presentation
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
17. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
(Klein) False Feedback
Contact Hypothesis
Extrinsic Motivation
Social Comparison Theory
18. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
ABC Model
(PCG) Results
'Ideal' selves
19. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Problems of MLA
(Klein) False Feedback
20. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Leaning Theories
Pros of Categorization
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Self Monitoring
21. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
ABC Model
(PCG) Results
Peripheral Route
22. Extreme hatred for other groups.
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23. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Low Self Monitors
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Terror Management Theory
24. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Contact Hypothesis
Big 3 Categories
High End of the Continuum
25. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
'Ought' selves
(Klein) False Feedback
(Shaetner) Shocks
Peripheral Route
26. Superficial Processing.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Pros of Categorization
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Stereotyping is generally associated with
27. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High End of the Continuum
Discrimination
Self Presentation
28. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Social Comparison Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Big 3 Categories
29. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Insko (1965)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Individuals Low in NFC
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
30. The diversity of self aspects people develop for various roles.
Social Categorization
Self Enhancing Bias`
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Self Complexity
31. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
32. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self Handicapped
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Social Learning Explanation
33. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Self Presentation
The Elaboration Continuum
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Prejudice
34. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Pelham) Positive Association
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
According to SPT
35. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Individuals Low in NFC
The Need to Belong
Individuals High in NFC
(Klein) False Feedback
36. When people elaborate on a persuasion communication reading/listening carefully and thinking about the arguments (central merits) given.
Rebound Effect
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Central Route
Peripheral Route
37. Randomly assigned morning types and evening types - and led experiment during morning - noon - and evening. Subjects read evidence about Robert Garner - and Roberto Garcia - found Roberto Garcia rated more negatively at morning time.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Self Expression
Subtype
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
38. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Cons of Categorization
According to Self-perception Theory
Pros of Categorization
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
39. Central Route - Systematic Processing
Self Presentation
High End of the Continuum
The Need to Belong
Cognitive= Stereotypes
40. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Over Justification Effect
(Shaetner) Shocks
41. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Social Comparison Theory
(Shaetner) Shocks
High Elaboration (Central Route
42. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Need For Cognition NFC
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
The Need to Belong
43. Stereotyping Increases as.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
44. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Peripheral Route
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Message Learning Approach Claims
45. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Over Justification Effect
Low Self Monitors
High Self Monitors
46. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Pros of Categorization
Behavioral= Discrimination
Subtype
Discrimination
47. Message Learning Approach
Message Processing Theories
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Leaning Theories
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
48. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Over Justification Effect
Why AOD?
Need For Cognition NFC
High End of the Continuum
49. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Behavioral= Discrimination
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
High Elaboration (Central Route
50. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Message Processing Theories
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies