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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The people we think we should be.
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2. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Cacioppo (1983) UI
3. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
'Ought' selves
Classical Conditioning
Cons of Categorization
4. Most Social Psychologist and Evolutionary psychologist agree. Contemporary social psychologist believe such phenomena results form similar social cognitive.
High End of the Continuum
The Elaboration Continuum
Problems of MLA
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
5. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Cons of Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
6. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Subtype
7. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Klein) False Feedback
Social Categorization
Subtype
8. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Central Route
Stereotype
Social Learning Explanation
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
9. Gave British subjects photos of a day in the life of a skinhead - told to write about him. 1/2 told to avoid stereotypes. Then were told they would meet him in a room - but He was out - they then measured how far they sat. Those that were told to avo
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Affective= Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
10. Message Learning Approach
According to Self-perception Theory
Leaning Theories
(Klein) False Feedback
2 Components of The Social Self
11. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
ABC Model
Cons of Categorization
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
12. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Discrimination
13. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(Pelham) Positive Association
14. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
Self Presentation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Individuals High in NFC
According to SPT
15. The individual must perceive the action as inconsistent; Must take personal responsibility for the act; Must experience physiological arousal; Must attribute the arousal to the action.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
High Self Monitors
16. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Problems of MLA
Rebound Effect
Stereotype
17. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
High End of the Continuum
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Implicit Association Test
18. The theory that certain types of direct contact between groups will reduce prejudice. More contact is thought to increase the amount of information learned.
Contact Hypothesis
Self Concept
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
19. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
Message Learning Approach Claims
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
The Need to Belong
20. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Self Concept
Message Learning Approach
Staats and Staats (1957)
Behavioral= Discrimination
21. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Low End of the Continuum
Self Concept
Why AOD?
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
22. Called students at the U of Hawaii and asked their opinion about a new university festival. Students then heard statement about the festival and asked if they agreed or not. 1/2 were rewarded with 'good' when said good things - 1/2 when said bad.
Insko (1965)
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Self-Perception Theory
23. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Problems of MLA
Why AOD?
Behavioral= Discrimination
ABC Model
24. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Implicit Egoism
Social Comparison Theory
Terror Management Theory
25. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Central Route
Self Complexity
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
26. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
ABC Model
According to Self-perception Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
27. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Central Route
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
28. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Rebound Effect
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Behavioral= Discrimination
ABC Model
29. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Presentation
Need For Cognition NFC
30. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Self Presentation
2 Components of The Social Self
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Affective= Prejudice
31. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
32. Stereotyping Increases as.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Operant Conditioning
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
33. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Insko (1965)
Self Expression
Peripheral Route
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
34. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Low End of the Continuum
Low Self Monitors
Implicit Egoism
Social Learning Explanation
35. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Big 3 Categories
Self Expression
Big 3 Categories
36. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
ABC Model
Implicit Egoism
Authoritarian Personality
Big 3 Categories
37. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
High Self Monitors
Individuals Low in NFC
Self Enhancing Bias`
38. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
Message Learning Approach
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Concept
39. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Self-Discrepancy Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Two Factor Theory of emotion
40. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Insko (1965) Results
(Klein) False Feedback
Rebound Effect
(Shaetner) Shocks
41. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Why AOD?
Common Peripheral Cues
42. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Need For Cognition NFC
Terror Management Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
43. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(PCG) Results
Self Expression
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
44. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Self Esteem
Self Expression
Stereotyping is generally associated with
ABC Model
45. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
High Self Monitors
Modern research on stereotypes
High Elaboration (Central Route
46. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Insko (1965)
Self Esteem
47. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Prejudice
(Klein) False Feedback
Low Self Monitors
48. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Terror Management Theory
Key Factor of MLA
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
49. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Staats and Staats (1957)
The Need to Belong
Message Learning Approach
50. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
'Cold' Prejudice
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases