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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
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Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Self-Perception Theory
Rebound Effect
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
2. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Common Peripheral Cues
High End of the Continuum
(PCG) Results
3. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Prejudice
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Problems of MLA
4. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Classical Conditioning
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
5. After telling subject were asked how much they enjoyed experiment honestly. Those paid $1 to lie rated the task as more enjoyable than those paid $20. Because incentive wasn't high enough those paid only $1 changed attitude toward task. Thus it isnt
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
ABC Model
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
6. Tend to behave consistently across audience and situations.
Low Self Monitors
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Social Categorization
7. Relies on subtle methods: Disguised questionaires -Elaborate cover stories -Physiological measures -Implicit reaction times.
Modern research on stereotypes
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Low Self Monitors
Central Route
8. Balance Theories - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive= Stereotypes
9. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
Self Concept
'Hot' Prejudice
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
10. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self Esteem
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Classical Conditioning
11. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Pros of Categorization
ABC Model
Discrimination
Individuals Low in NFC
12. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
Staats and Staats (1957)
Key Factor of MLA
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
Operant Conditioning
13. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Self-Perception Theory
Terror Management Theory
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
14. Person is more motivated to think carefully about argument presented. (central route).
Self Complexity
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
(Pelham) Positive Association
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
15. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Classical Conditioning
Message Learning Approach
Low End of the Continuum
Social Categorization
16. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Over Justification Effect
Self Expression
17. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Pros of Categorization
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Enhancing Bias`
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
18. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Learning Approach Claims
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
19. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Common Peripheral Cues
Self Enhancing Bias`
Authoritarian Personality
According to Self-perception Theory
20. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Esteem
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Social Comparison Theory
21. A non-conscious form of self-enhancement.
Implicit Egoism
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
ABC Model
22. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Low End of the Continuum
Self Concept
Self-Discrepancy Theory
23. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
Over Justification Effect
Contact Hypothesis
According to Self-perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
24. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
High End of the Continuum
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
'Cold' Prejudice
25. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Authoritarian Personality
Low Self Monitors
26. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
Common Peripheral Cues
The Need to Belong
(Klein) False Feedback
Social Comparison Theory
27. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Key Factor of MLA
28. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Peripheral Route
Insko (1965)
Self Esteem
29. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Need For Cognition NFC
(Shaetner) Shocks
30. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Over Justification Effect
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Behavioral= Discrimination
31. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Self Concept
Self Complexity
Low End of the Continuum
Subtype
32. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Self Complexity
Pros of Categorization
(Shaetner) Shocks
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
33. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Authoritarian Personality
Classical Conditioning
'Hot' Prejudice
Cons of Categorization
34. Doing something because you want to.
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
According to Self-perception Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
35. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Over Justification Effect
Social Categorization
Self Concept
Intrinsic Motivation
36. Stereotyping Increases as.
'Hot' Prejudice
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
According to Self-perception Theory
Individuals High in NFC
37. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Contact Hypothesis
Over Justification Effect
Prejudice
38. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
The Elaboration Continuum
Message Learning Approach
39. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Staats and Staats (1957)
40. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Why AOD?
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
41. The people we want to be.
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42. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Self Expression
Social Categorization
Self Presentation
Stereotype
43. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Individuals High in NFC
Contact Hypothesis
Self-Perception Theory
44. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Over Justification Effect
Self Expression
'Hot' Prejudice
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
45. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Rebound Effect
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
(Shaetner) Shocks
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
46. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Subtype
Self Monitoring
Two Factor Theory of emotion
47. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
Subtype
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
48. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
Individuals High in NFC
Low End of the Continuum
Problems of MLA
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
49. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
50. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to elicit a desired impression of the self.
ABC Model
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self Presentation
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