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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Modern research on stereotypes
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
2. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
High End of the Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
Prejudice
Self-Perception Theory
3. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
According to SPT
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Peripheral Route
Social Categorization
4. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
5. Stereotyping Increases as.
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Individuals High in NFC
6. The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Classical Conditioning
Rebound Effect
Self Concept
7. Interpreting information concerning the self in a way that leads to overly positive evaluations. People usually rate themselves above average on positive traits.
Self Handicapped
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Authoritarian Personality
Self Enhancing Bias`
8. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Insko (1965) Results
Stereotyping is generally associated with
2 Components of The Social Self
Message Learning Approach Claims
9. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Individuals High in NFC
Self Complexity
Affective= Prejudice
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
10. Message Learning Approach
Individuals High in NFC
According to SPT
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Leaning Theories
11. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
High Elaboration (Central Route
Social Categorization
Self Monitoring
12. Attention - Comprehension - Yielding (attitude change) - Retention.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Pros of Categorization
13. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
14. The people we want to be.
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15. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Leaning Theories
Self Concept
Self-Perception Theory
Social Learning Explanation
16. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Staats and Staats (1957)
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Self Concept
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
17. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Low Self Monitors
Self Esteem
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
2 Components of The Social Self
18. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Contact Hypothesis
Terror Management Theory
Insko (1965) Results
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
19. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Self Esteem
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
2 Components of The Social Self
Affective= Prejudice
20. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Individuals Low in NFC
Behavioral= Discrimination
Why AOD?
21. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Insko (1965)
High End of the Continuum
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Discrimination
22. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Social Categorization
Common Peripheral Cues
Peripheral Route
23. Emphasis on how people learn persuasive messages. Researched who says what to whom. Who-the source of the communication. WHat- the nature of the communication.
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Contact Hypothesis
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Message Learning Approach
24. Attitude structures cna be described in terms of three components: AFFECT BEHAVIOR COGNITION
Key Factor of MLA
Individuals Low in NFC
(PCG) Results
ABC Model
25. A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people -. formed by associating particular characteristics with a particular group.
Stereotype
Self-Perception Theory
Modern research on stereotypes
Problems of MLA
26. Argued we form positive association to the sight of our own name - and are drawn to people and places that resemble this. (Mike from Michigan - Denise the Dentist).
(Pelham) Positive Association
ABC Model
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
27. Nonsense syllables visually and paired with positive or negative words via audio. Ex saw nonsense word but saw either 'sweet' or 'ugly'. Results showed people formed attitudes based on pairing of +/- words.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Staats and Staats (1957)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
28. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Message Processing Theories
Common Peripheral Cues
29. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Message Learning Approach Claims
(Pelham) Positive Association
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Pros of Categorization
30. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
High Elaboration (Central Route
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
According to Self-perception Theory
31. People don't need to have unpleasant tension and inconsistency to change. People might simply observe their own behaviors.
According to Self-perception Theory
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
32. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Modern research on stereotypes
33. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
Central Route
Common Peripheral Cues
34. Gender - Ethnicity - Age.
The Elaboration Continuum
Social Categorization
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Big 3 Categories
35. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Self Concept
Social Learning Explanation
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Concept
36. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
Stereotype
Extrinsic Motivation
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
37. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Rebound Effect
ABC Model
Self Concept
The Elaboration Continuum
38. Behavior toward a social group and its members. The way our attitude influences how we act or behave.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
39. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
High Self Monitors
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
40. ENjoy cognitive activities and engage in them when they have the chance.
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Problems of MLA
Individuals High in NFC
Social Comparison Theory
41. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
ABC Model
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Problems of MLA
42. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Need For Cognition NFC
Pros of Categorization
Stereotype
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
43. Pair neutral objects with stimuli that already bring about desired response. EX Mothballs->Grandparents->Pleasant feelin Mothball-->Pleasant Feeling.
Behavioral= Discrimination
Discrimination
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Classical Conditioning
44. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
According to SPT
Cognitive= Stereotypes
45. THat increased incentive leads greater likelihood of attitude change.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Low End of the Continuum
Message Learning Approach Claims
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
46. Attitude toward a social group and its members.
Message Processing Theories
Self Handicapped
Contact Hypothesis
Affective= Prejudice
47. Injected males with epinephrine. 1 group told of the true effects of drug - 1 group not told - 1 group received placebo. Then left with confederate who were told was in same situations - he acted either angry or happy. Results showed those not aware
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
High End of the Continuum
Self Monitoring
Intrinsic Motivation
48. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Social Categorization
'Ought' selves
The Elaboration Continuum
(PCG) Results
49. Avoid effortful thinking.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
High End of the Continuum
Individuals Low in NFC
50. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Social Learning Explanation
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Common Peripheral Cues