SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Doing something because you want to.
Self Esteem
Key Factor of MLA
Intrinsic Motivation
Stereotyping is generally associated with
2. Own Mood States - Message Length - Source Attractiveness - Source Credibility.
Common Peripheral Cues
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Stereotype
ABC Model
3. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
High Elaboration (Central Route
Self-Perception Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
4. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Self-Perception Theory
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Social Categorization
Self-Perception Theory
5. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Over Justification Effect
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
6. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Self Presentation
Need For Cognition NFC
Leaning Theories
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
7. 1/2 told message source was a Princeton professor (High Expertise). 1/2 told it was a high school student (Low Expertise).
Individuals High in NFC
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
8. An individual's overall image of himself or herself.
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Leaning Theories
Self Concept
9. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
'Ought' selves
Prejudice
Peripheral Route
Self Complexity
10. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
According to SPT
Central Route
(Pelham) Positive Association
11. Initially played game for 20mins average - when given extra credit played 25mins (ave) - after reward stopped played only for 14min -
Rebound Effect
ABC Model
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
12. Self Concept - Self Esteem.
2 Components of The Social Self
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Expression
Social Comparison Theory
13. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
14. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
Modern research on stereotypes
Need For Cognition NFC
(Shaetner) Shocks
Self Esteem
15. An individual difference reflecting the extent which people engage in and effortful cognitive activities. (playing chess)
Need For Cognition NFC
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
Cognitive Consistency Theories
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
16. Makes all members of a group seem more similar to each other than if they were not categorized. Also - categorization can also exaggerate differences between groups.
Common Peripheral Cues
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Cons of Categorization
Self-Perception Theory
17. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
Leaning Theories
Message Learning Approach
Self Enhancing Bias`
Self-Perception Theory
18. Extreme hatred for other groups.
19. Measured in several groups. Results showed blacks had average higher self esteem relative to whites - while other groups had lower self esteem in comparison to whites.`
High End of the Continuum
Low Self Monitors
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
(Pelham) Positive Association
20. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
Self Esteem
According to SPT
Why AOD?
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
21. A motive for choosing behaviors that are intended to reflect and express the self concept.
Why AOD?
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Self Expression
2 Components of The Social Self
22. Found that people were frieghtened into thinking they would receive shocks sought others in the same situation- influenced behavior.
(Shaetner) Shocks
Discrimination
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
(Schaetner and Singer) Epinephrine
23. Prejudice learned from others (teachers - parents - peers - media).
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
The Need to Belong
Social Learning Explanation
'Cold' Prejudice
24. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Implicit Egoism
Behavioral= Discrimination
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
25. Had subjects hear an audio message in favor of 'Senior Comprehensive Exams'. 1/2 given strong argument vs Weak.
Common Peripheral Cues
Implicit Association Test
The Need to Belong
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
26. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
High End of the Continuum
Social Comparison Theory
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Contact Hypothesis
27. When people realize their behavior is caused by an EXTERNAL FACTOR they do not assume that it reflects their INTERNAL FEELINGS.`
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
According to SPT
(Klein) False Feedback
Self Handicapped
28. The Elaboration Likelihood Model.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Low Self Monitors
According to Self-perception Theory
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
29. Persuasion processes fall along a 'continuum' of cognitive processing. Consider this as synonyms with superficial vs systematic processing.
Self Esteem
'Hot' Prejudice
Cognitive= Stereotypes
The Elaboration Continuum
30. The people we want to be.
31. 1 week later in the survey showed students were more favorable about the festival if rewarded for being favorable - and less for being unfavorable.
Message Learning Approach
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Insko (1965) Results
32. Suppressing stereotypical thoughts makes them more likely for these thoughts to come out and influence future actions and thoughts.
Rebound Effect
Individuals High in NFC
Cognitive= Stereotypes
High Self Monitors
33. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
High Elaboration (Central Route
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
The Elaboration Continuum
34. Gave participants a long list of names paired with different words. 1/2 paired neg. words with 'George' and neutral words with 'Ed' (VV). After leaving room subjects talked with either 'Ed Fuller' or 'George Foster'. Results showed people were viewed
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Social Learning Explanation
35. Found similar effects as Payne - in a video game simulation. Found all subjects include blacks were more likely to shoot a black holding a tool.`
Cons of Categorization
Self Presentation
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
(Amabile) Adult Participants
36. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
(Klein) False Feedback
Problems of MLA
(Amabile) Adult Participants
Self Esteem
37. Subjects had to decide appropriately - results found they were more likely to misidentify blacks with having a weapon.
Individuals High in NFC
Self Expression
Self-Perception Theory
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
38. Message Learning Approach - Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Self Monitoring
High Elaboration (Central Route
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
39. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
According to Self-perception Theory
Central Route
Over Justification Effect
Social Learning Explanation
40. Message Learning Approach
Prejudice
Affective= Prejudice
Leaning Theories
Contact Hypothesis
41. Avoid effortful thinking.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Discrimination
High Self Monitors
Individuals Low in NFC
42. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
Insko (1965) Results
43. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
The Need to Belong
Pros of Categorization
Discrimination
Central Route
44. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
(PCG) Results
(Pelham) Positive Association
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
45. Incentives for the new attitudinal position must out weigh those of the current/ initial attitude.
(Lepper) Kids and Math Games
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
Cognitive Consistency Theories
46. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
(Klein) False Feedback
Need For Cognition NFC
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Low Self Monitors
47. We desire self esteem - to be aligned with other people to make ourselves feel better about ourselves.
Discrimination
Cognitive= Stereotypes
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
The Need to Belong
48. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Cognitive Dissonance Steps
Why AOD?
Self Expression
'Ought' selves
49. We tend to attribute our own behaviors to situational causes while seeing others behaviors as caused by internal characteristics. Especially when behaviors are negative.
According to SPT
Actor Observer Differences in Attribution
Rebound Effect
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
50. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Key Factor of MLA