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Test your basic knowledge |
Social Psychology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
humanities
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Peripheral Route - Superficial Processing.
Low End of the Continuum
The Elaboration Continuum
Need For Cognition NFC
Insko (1965)
2. Beliefs about attributes of a group. This involves a persons belief/ knowledge about an attitude object.
Cognitive= Stereotypes
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Self Presentation
Message Learning Approach
3. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
(PCG) Source Expertise Manipulation
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
Message Learning Approach Claims
Subtype
4. 1/2 told University is considering the exams for next year (high relevance). 1/2 told exams for 10 years in future (low relevance).
Stereotyping is generally associated with
Terror Management Theory
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
5. When people do not elaborate on the arguments of a communication but are instead swayed by factors that are peripheral to the message.
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
Peripheral Route
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
6. Wrote poem - drew pictures - generated business solutions.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Individuals High in NFC
(Amabile) Adult Participants
(Correll) Quick Decision Kill
7. People low in self complexity felt better after success and worse after failure than people high in self complexity.
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Effectiveness of The Persuasive Appeal
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
8. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Pros of Categorization
According to Self-perception Theory
Individuals High in NFC
Insko (1965)
9. Primed words associated with stereotypes of blacks - or nonsense syllables.Then read description of person with traits related to stereotypes. Effects higher for those with high anti black prejudice.
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
Social Comparison Theory
Staats and Staats (1957)
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
10. Subjects read persuasive message in favor of tuition increase. 1/2 received message that had only strong arguments. 1/2 received for weak. Results showed high NFC participants were persuaded b strong arguments vs weak.
Implicit Egoism
(Bodenhausen) Tested Circadian Rhythm
Cacioppo (1983) UI
Stereotyping has been shown when people are?
11. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self Expression
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Self-Perception Theory
Discrimination
12. 1/3 kids draw pictures - 1/3 told would get award - 1/3 not told about reward before starting but received after. Those with unexpected reward had highest.
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Shaetner) Shocks
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
13. The theory that people evaluate their own abilities and opinions by comparing themselves to others.
Social Comparison Theory
Key Factor of MLA
Social Categorization
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
14. Physical appearance - interest and goals - preferred activities - attitudes.
Message Learning Approach
According to SPT
Stereotypes include many different types of information.
Cons of Categorization
15. We make inferences about our attitudes by observing our own behaviors when 'internal cues' are weak or ambiguous.
Self-Perception Theory
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
Insko (1965) Results
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
16. Tend to shape their behavior for their audience and situations.
High Self Monitors
Implicit Association Test
(Linville) Self Esteem in Success/Failure
Self Enhancing Bias`
17. Discrepancy - Emotional Reactions - Long-Term Effects.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Authoritarian Personality
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Insko (1965)
18. People evaluate themselves against internal 'ideal' and ought standards - producing emotional consequences.
Peripheral Route
Self-Discrepancy Theory
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
19. When people believe that some groups don't have what it takes and should be excluded from desirable positions - wealth - and power.
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20. Measured extent of white preference for a white vs black stimulus person.85% of 6 year old's preferred whites. 70%-10 year olds - 50% of adults.
Low End of the Continuum
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
The Need to Belong
21. 1/2 told 60% answers right - 1/2 told 40%. Also told either that their average was 20% better or worse. People like more that they were better than average.
ABC Model
Contact Hypothesis
(Klein) False Feedback
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
22. Creating mental obstacles and excuses for selves - for if we do poorly on task we can fall back on.
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Terror Management Theory
Extrinsic Motivation
Self Handicapped
23. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
High Elaboration (Central Route
Affective= Prejudice
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
24. We are biologically programmed for self preservation - but we are always in fear of our own death. Self-Esteem serves as a buffer for this.
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Terror Management Theory
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Self-Perception Theory
25. An unpleasant state caused by people's awareness of inconsistency among various beliefs - attitudes or actions. We are motivated to achieve and maintain cognitive consistency to avoid dissonance.
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Result
Berkowitz & Knurek (1969)
Modern research on stereotypes
26. Specific Responses are followed by positive or negative consequences.
Self Handicapped
Operant Conditioning
Behavioral= Discrimination
As the Personal Relevance of Message increases
27. Process of identifying individuals as members of a social group because they share typical features of a group. When people are perceived as members of a group not as individuals.
Social Categorization
Implicit Association Test
Petty - Cacioppo - & Goldman (1981) (PCG)
(Lepper) Kids and Markers
28. 1/2 subject given easy questions and told that they did better than average (non ego threatning) (ViceVersa). Then had those ego-threatened interact with others who didn't take test. Subjects that didn't take test rated the ego-threatened people as l
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
Message Learning Approach
Steps in Persuasion According To MLA
(Heatherton & Vohs) Self Esteem Intelligence Test
29. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Is Prejudice Hardwired?
Stereotyping is generally associated with
30. Those who cannot accept their own 'inner conflicts' believe in authority and see their own inadequacies in others. Thus prejudice acts as a protection from self doubts.
Authoritarian Personality
(Klein) False Feedback
Classical Conditioning
Self Monitoring
31. An account of attitude change developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes by observing their behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
ABC Model
Self Enhancing Bias`
Individuals Low in NFC
Self-Perception Theory
32. Memory message content does not always matter in persuasion. Incentive based predictions do not always work.
Problems of MLA
Self Concept
Key Factor of MLA
Discrimination
33. Stereotyping Increases as.
Individuals Low in NFC
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
(PCG) Results
34. Attitude-Behavior Consistency Problems. Persuasion effects were difficult to replicate. Conflicting findings and theories.
Reasons of End of Attitude Research
Why AOD?
Key Factor of MLA
Operant Conditioning
35. High Personal relevance had higher agreement if had strong argument vs weaker - which was also higher for strong arguments.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Message Processing Theories
(PCG) Results
Self Presentation
36. We may often draw inferences from our thoughts - feelings and behaviors.
Extrinsic Motivation
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
How does our self self concept and self esteem shaped by our social environment?
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
37. Central Route - Systematic Processing
High End of the Continuum
(Twenge and Crocker) Self Esteem in groups
Social Learning Explanation
Cacioppo (1983) UI
38. Avoid effortful thinking.
Self Discrepancy Theory Predicts
Individuals Low in NFC
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger 1957)
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
39. A narrower more specific social group that is part of a broad social group.
Common Peripheral Cues
Over Justification Effect
Extrinsic Motivation
Subtype
40. Doing something because you want to.
Message Processing and Persuasion Predominant Theory
Intrinsic Motivation
Authoritarian Personality
Individuals Low in NFC
41. Allows us to master our environment. Also deal with others efficiently and appropriately.
Self Handicapped
Self Monitoring
Behavioral= Discrimination
Pros of Categorization
42. As a ability or motivation is lacking. Similar to relying on stereotypes when not thinking.
Reliance of Peripheral Cues Increases
Social Learning Explanation
(Pelham) Positive Association
Classical Conditioning
43. When an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a persons intrinsic motivation to perform a task.
Individuals Low in NFC
Over Justification Effect
Two Factor Theory of emotion
According to SPT
44. Had subjects spend an hour performing really boring repetitive tasks. 1/3 received $20 to tell next subject that task was fun. 1/3 only received $1 - last 1/3 not asked to lie.
Cons of Categorization
Self Esteem
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
(Lepore & Brown) Primed Words
45. A person has to remember the content of a for it to have a lasting impact.
As Cognitive Capacity Decreases
Implicit Association Test
Low Elaboration (Peripheral Route)
Key Factor of MLA
46. An attitude toward the members of some groups based solely on their memberships in that group (can be positive or negative).
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
(Baron & Banaji) White vs Black
Prejudice
Subtype
47. Refers to the performance of the activity in order to obtain an outcome.
Contact Hypothesis
Extrinsic Motivation
(PCG) Personal Relevance Manipulation
According to SPT
48. Any unjustified positive or negative behavior dierected toward a social group and its members.
Discrimination
Common Peripheral Cues
(Macrae) Suppress stereotypical expectancies
(Payne) Weapon or Tool
49. An individual's positive or negative evaluation or himself/herself.
Two Factor Theory of emotion
Self Concept
Classic Dissonance Exp. Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Self Esteem
50. We have more situational information about ourselves than we do for others. -Also others behavior is salient. -Could also be because we view selves in positive light.
Rebound Effect
Behavioral= Discrimination
Why AOD?
High End of the Continuum