SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE GI
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the barium swallow findings of achalasia
Dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis - birds beak
Failure of neural crest migration
The gastroduodenal
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
2. With esophageal varices - between What two vessels is the portosystemic anastomoses and Where is it
Hypercoaguability - polycythemia vera - pregnancy - HCC
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Paraumbilical and superficial and inferior epigastric - umbilicus
Left gastric vein and esophogeal vein - esophagus
3. What are additional risk factors for CRC
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
Muscularis mucosae
ASA preparations (sulfasalazine) 6- mercaptopurine - infliximab - colectomy
Erosive - disruption of mucosal barrier leading to inflammation
4. What gives urine its characteristic color
Urobilin
The jejunum
GERD - may also present with nocturnal cough and dyspnea
Gastrohepatic ligament
5. What are motilin receptor agonists used for clinically
Stimulate intestinal persistalsis
Liver metabolizes 5HT
Hepatomegaly - ascitis - abdominal pain - varices - visible abdominal and back veins - absence of JVD
Inc smooth muscle relaxation - including lower esophageal sphincter
6. How does hirschsprung present and appear on imaging
Diverticulitis in elderly - ectopic pregs use hCG to rule out
Erosive - disruption of mucosal barrier leading to inflammation
Smooth
Chronic constipation early in life with dilated portion of the colon proximal to the aganglionic segment resulting in a transition zone - involves rectum - usually a failure to pass meconium
7. What layer in the mucosa is repsonsible for motility
Causes of gall stones
Inferior rectal nerve
Muscularis mucosae
Source - I cells (duod - jej - action - inc pancreative secretion - inc gallbladder contraction - dec gastric emptying - sphincter of Oddi relaxation - regulation - inc by fatty acids and amino acids
8. What are the treatmet options for crohns
Superior rectal and middle and inferior rectal - rectum
Corticosteroids - infliximab
Heme metabolism
Tropical sprue
9. What complication can arise from indirect inguinal hernias
Short gastrics - left greater and lesser
HSV-1 - CMV - Candida
Hydrocele
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
10. Bilirubin is the product of what?
Source - parasympathetic ganglion in sphincters - gallbladder - small intestine - action - inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion - inc relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters - regulation - inc by distention and vagal stimulati
Heme metabolism
AST>ALT
Crohns = transmural (cobblestone mucosa - creeping fat - string sign - linear ulcers fissures - fistulas) UC = mucosal and submucosal (friable mucosal pseudopolyps with freely hanging mesentary - loss of haustra - lead pipe appearance on imaging
11. Where is there sclerosis in alcoholic cirrohosis
Conj - inc - dec
Sympathetic (T1- T3 superior cervical ganglion) and parasympathetic (facial and glossopharyngeal nerve)
Around the central vein (zone III)
Alcohol/Achalasia - Barretts - Cigarettes - Diverticuli (Zenkers) Esophageal web/Esophagitis - Familial
12. in jaundice of obstructive etiolgy is the hyperbilirubinemia conj or unconj - what happens to urine bili - and what happens to urine urobilinogen
Conj - inc - dec
Gut bacteria
Immature UDP- glucuronyl transferase to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - jaundice kernicuterus
GLUT 2
13. Tortuous dilation of vessels and bleeding - most often in cecum - terminal ileum and ascending colon - common in older patients - confirmed by angiography
Mucosal cells in the stomach - duod - salivary glands - pancreas - brunners glands in the duod - neutralizes acid - inc by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin
Angiodysplasia
Brunners
Pertechnetate - study for uptake
14. inc cholesterol and/or bilirubin - dec bile salts and gallbladder stasis
Stomach cancer (usually adenocarcinoma) - early aggressive spread - node/liver mets - associated with nitrosamines (smoked foods) - achlorhydria - chronic gastritis - type A blood
Zollinger ellison - brunners glands
Chief cells of the stomach - protein digestion - inc by vagal stimulation local acid
Causes of gall stones
15. What kind of insults results in macronodular cirrhosis
T cell lymphoma
Parietal cells in the stomach - B12 binding protein
>3mm nodules - significant liver injury leading to hepatic necrosis - postinfectious - drug induced hepatitis with inc risk of HCC
Lamina propria
16. Where does type A chronic gastritis occur and What causes it
Lack or have an attenuated muscularis externa - often in the sigmoid colon
When diffusely infiltrative - thickened rigid appearance like a leather bottle
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
Lamina propora and submucosa
17. What is the classic triad of hemochromatosis
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
18. Tumor of neuroendocrine cells constituting 50% of small bowel tumors - most common sites are the appendix - ileum and rectum
Inc conj bilirubin - inc cholesterol - inc alk phos
Gallbladder
External (superficial) ring only
Carcinoid syndrome
19. What kind of muscle is in the middle 1/3 of esophagus
Chronic calcifying pancreatitis - inc risk of panreatic cancer
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
Striated and smooth
L3
20. People of what decent are associated with celiac sprue and what findings/antibodies are present
Amylase
Northern european - Abs to gliadin and tissue transglutaminase - blunted villi - lymphcytes in the lamina proporia
Antrum - H.pylori - inc risk of MALT lymphoma
Corticosteroids - infliximab
21. How does brain injury lead to acute gastritis and What is it called
Causes of gall stones
Pancreatic head causing obstructive jaundice
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Cushings ulcers - inc vagal stimulation leading to inc vagal stim - inc ACH and inc H+ secretion
22. What is diverticulosis
Many diverticula - associated with low fiber diets - caused by inc intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in colonic wall
Hirschsprungs
AR
All 3 gut layers outpouch as in Meckels
23. What gives stool its characteristic color
>3mm nodules - significant liver injury leading to hepatic necrosis - postinfectious - drug induced hepatitis with inc risk of HCC
Migratory polyarthritis - erythema nodusum - anklyosing spondylitis - uveitis - immunologic disorders
Kids - lymphoid hyperplasia afer viral infxn - adults - obstruction - fecalith
Stercobilin
24. Cholecytsokinin - source - action - regulation
Boerhaave's Syndrome - Been heaving syndrome
Causes of gall stones
Source - I cells (duod - jej - action - inc pancreative secretion - inc gallbladder contraction - dec gastric emptying - sphincter of Oddi relaxation - regulation - inc by fatty acids and amino acids
Hemosiderosis - hemochromatosis
25. What kind of gall stones are mostly radiolucent and what percentage is opaque and due to what?
Hydrocele
Cholesterol - 10-20% opaque due to calcifications
In the mucus that covers the gastric epithelium
Crypts but not villi
26. What histological findings are present in the stomach
Zollinger ellison - brunners glands
All 3 gut layers outpouch as in Meckels
Gastric glands
Backup of blood into the liver - RHF - budd chiari
27. HCC is associated with what other conditions
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Turcot
HBV - HCV - wilsons dz - hemochromatosis - alpha1- antitrypsin def - alcoholic cirrhosis
H+
28. What kind of cancer to celiac sprue put you as inc risk for
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Peyer's patches - plicae circulares in the proximal ileum and crypts of lieberkuhn
T cell lymphoma
Neutralizes oral bacertial acids and maintains dental health
29. What does bicarb do in the duodenum
Reye's syndrome
Villi and microvilli inc absorptive surface - brunner's glands and crypts of lieberkuhn
Alcohol/Achalasia - Barretts - Cigarettes - Diverticuli (Zenkers) Esophageal web/Esophagitis - Familial
Neutralizes gastric acid allowing pancreatic enzymes to fxn
30. What causes primary biliary cirrhosis
Alk phos
Autoimmune rxn leading to lymphcytic infiltrate + granulomas
Erosive - disruption of mucosal barrier leading to inflammation
Mucosal cells in the stomach - duod - salivary glands - pancreas - brunners glands in the duod - neutralizes acid - inc by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin
31. What are the results of hemochromatosis
CHF and inc risk of HCC
Copious diarrhea - non alpha - non beta cell pancreatic tumor
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
Inc risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies
32. What factors increase risk of malignancy of adenomatous polyps
Below
Chronic transfusion therapy in beta thal major - inc ferritin - inc iron - dec TIBC - inc transferrin saturation
Inc size - villous histology - inc epithelial dysplasia - precursor to CRC
DIC - ARDS - diffuse fat necrosis - hypcalcemia - pseudocyst formation - hemorrhage - infxn - multiorgan failure
33. diffuse fibrosis of liver destroying nl architecture with nodular regeneration
Crigler - najjar type 1
Zenkers - halitosis - dysphagia and obstruction
Cirrhosis
Menetriers disease
34. inflammatino of gallbadder
DIC - ARDS - diffuse fat necrosis - hypcalcemia - pseudocyst formation - hemorrhage - infxn - multiorgan failure
T12
Crohns = transmural (cobblestone mucosa - creeping fat - string sign - linear ulcers fissures - fistulas) UC = mucosal and submucosal (friable mucosal pseudopolyps with freely hanging mesentary - loss of haustra - lead pipe appearance on imaging
Cholecystitis - usually from gallstones rarely ischemia or infxn (CMV)
35. What are the tumor markers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Jewish and African American men
5HT - wheezing - right sided heart murmurs - diarrhea - flushing -
T cell lymphoma
CEA - CA-19-9
36. Who gets Whipple disease and How do they present
Early childhood - neuro sx and malabsorption
Cystic duct and common hepatic duct
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
Old men - arthralgias - cardiac and neuro sx
37. absent UDPGT - presents early in life - early mortality
Alk pho
Reye's syndrome
L/R renal artery around L1
Crigler - najjar type 1
38. Where is the arterial supply from above the pectinate line - and What is the venous drainage
Goes through deep inguinal ring - external inguinal ring and into the scrotum
Old men - arthralgias - cardiac and neuro sx
Superior rectal from IMA - superior rectal vein to inf mesenteric to portal system
Kids - lymphoid hyperplasia afer viral infxn - adults - obstruction - fecalith
39. What enzyme is necessary to create conjugated bilirubin
Skip lesions =crohns - colon = UC
VZV and influenza B treated with salicylates
Bleeding - penetration into pancreas - perforation - obstruction
Uridine glucuronyl transferase
40. Esophagitis can result From which 3 infectious agents - or chemical ingestion
Hemolytic anemia
HSV-1 - CMV - Candida
Cholesterol - 10-20% opaque due to calcifications
H2 receptor - inc cAMP
41. What structure is Not contained in the femoral sheath
Volvulus
All 3 gut layers outpouch as in Meckels
The femoral nerve - only the vein artyer and canal (with deep inguinal lymph nodes)
Duodenal lumen - hydrolyzes starch to oligosaccharides and disaccharides
42. What layer of fascia covers a direct inguinal hernia
Autoimmune rxn leading to lymphcytic infiltrate + granulomas
External spermatic fascia only
Phenobarbital - inc liver enzyme synthesis
Alcohol/Achalasia - Barretts - Cigarettes - Diverticuli (Zenkers) Esophageal web/Esophagitis - Familial
43. Where does an indirect inguinal hernia enter the deep inguinal ring
Cirrhosis - DM - skin pigmentation - 'bronze diabetes'
Begins starch digestion - inactivated by low pH upon reaching the stomach
Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
44. What is the mechanism for reyes syndrome
Aspirin metabolites dec beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitocondrial enzyme - ASPIRIN Not RECOMMENDED FOR CHILDREN
So hypertrophied they look like brain gyri
Uridine glucuronyl transferase
Femoral hernia
45. What is the presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
Abdominal pain radiating to back - weight loss due to malabsorption - migratory thrombophlebitis - obstructice jaundice with palpable gallbladder
Triglycerides and micelle formation - required for absorption of of non polar nutrients in small intestine
Esophageal carcinoma
46. How is salivary secretion stimulated
Aspirin metabolites dec beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitocondrial enzyme - ASPIRIN Not RECOMMENDED FOR CHILDREN
Dubin johnson
Triglycerides and micelle formation - required for absorption of of non polar nutrients in small intestine
Sympathetic (T1- T3 superior cervical ganglion) and parasympathetic (facial and glossopharyngeal nerve)
47. Gq and inc cAMP both work to do what in parietal cells
Neutralizes oral bacertial acids and maintains dental health
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
Hemosiderosis - hemochromatosis
Stimulate the H/K ATPase
48. What other condition can lead to acute gastritis - think renal
Uremia
Chronic hemolysis - alcoholic cirrhosis - advanced age and biliary infxn
Black - rotors syndrome
Zollinger Ellison - phenylalanine and tryptophan
49. Where is bicarb trapped
GLUT 2
In the mucus that covers the gastric epithelium
Autoimmune rxn leading to lymphcytic infiltrate + granulomas
T cell lymphoma
50. What is the other name for GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)
Averages 6 months - very aggressive - usually already metastasized at presentation
Chagas disease
Meckels
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests