SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE GI
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. absent UDPGT - presents early in life - early mortality
Crigler - najjar type 1
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
Cirrhosis - DM - skin pigmentation - 'bronze diabetes'
Fe2+ in the duod
2. Gq and inc cAMP both work to do what in parietal cells
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
Stimulate the H/K ATPase
Jaundice - fever - RUQ
3. Which IBD has skip lesions and can hit any portion of the GI tract but sprares the rectum - and Which is mainly has continuous lesions in the colon and always has rectal involvement
Reye's syndrome
<3mm nodules - metabolic - etoh - hemochromatosis - wilsons
Skip lesions =crohns - colon = UC
So hypertrophied they look like brain gyri
4. Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina proporia and submucosa of small intestine containing specialized M cells that take up antigen
Peyers patches
Protrudes through the Hesselbach's triangle - bulges directly through abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric vessels
Meconium ileus
Via the middle colic
5. Where does inflammation in diverticula likely cause pain - what other signs/symptoms are present and What are the complications
2ndary biliary cirrhosis
Achalasia due to loss of myenteric plexus (auberach)
LLQ - fever - leukocytosis - can perforate leading to peritonitis - abscess formation - bowel stenosis - give antiobiotics
Gastrohepatic ligament
6. Which viral infxns/treatments are associated with reyes syndrome
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
Older patients
VZV and influenza B treated with salicylates
IgA receives protective secretory component and is then transported across the epithelium to gut lumen
7. inflammatino of gallbadder
Cholecystitis - usually from gallstones rarely ischemia or infxn (CMV)
FAP
Parietal cells in the stomach - B12 binding protein
Uremia
8. What is the frequency of basal electric rhythm of the ilieum
8-9 waves/min
Left and right gastroepiploics - left and right gastrics
...
Phenobarbital - inc liver enzyme synthesis
9. What does a gastrinoma cause
Glucouronate - water soluble (direct)
HPNCC
Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon - SMA - vagus
Gastrin secreting tumor that causes continuous high levels of acid secretion and ulcers
10. What are the midgut structures and what supplies their blood and PANS innervation
Copious diarrhea - non alpha - non beta cell pancreatic tumor
...
Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon - SMA - vagus
Unconj - absent (acholuria) - inc
11. If trypsin activates more trypsinogen - what kind of feedback loop is established
Positive
Complications of crohns
Alcoholic hepatitis
Pain associated with cholecystitis and galls stones - diabetics may not present with pain
12. What histological findings are present in the esophagus
Nonkeritinized stratified sqamous epithelium
Only mucosa or submucosa - occur where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa
Downs
GLUT 2
13. Where is B12 absorbed
Cirrhosis - DM - skin pigmentation - 'bronze diabetes'
In the ileum with bile acids - requires IF
Causes of gall stones
Serum mitochondrial antibodies including IgM - associated with CREST - RA and celiac dz
14. bilateral mets to ovaries with abundant mucus - signet ring cells
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Alk pho
Krukenbergs tumor
Appendicitis
15. vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) - source - action - regulation
PAS- positive globules in liver -
Many diverticula - associated with low fiber diets - caused by inc intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in colonic wall
Hypercoaguability - polycythemia vera - pregnancy - HCC
Source - parasympathetic ganglion in sphincters - gallbladder - small intestine - action - inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion - inc relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters - regulation - inc by distention and vagal stimulati
16. alcoholic liver disease that requires sustained - long term consumption - with swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic infiltration
Alcoholic hepatitis
Decrease - weight gain
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa/adventitia
Alcoholic cirrhosis
17. What is the epi for CRC
The proximal small bowel
Adhesion
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
3rd most common cancer - 3rd deadliest in US - pts > 50 - 1/4 have fam hx
18. What does the gastrocolic ligament connect - What is contained - and what larger structure is it a part of...
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
Cirrhosis - DM - skin pigmentation - 'bronze diabetes'
Angiodysplasia
Greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon - gastroepiploic arteries - greater omentum
19. misfolded gene product protein accumulates in hepatocellular ER - dec in elastic tissu in lungs leading panacinar emphysema
Alpha1 antitrypsin def - codominant trait
Lamina propora and submucosa
Inferior rectal nerve
Alternating strictures and dilation with beading of intra and extrahepatic bile ducts on ERCP
20. How many layers of spermatic fascia are covers an indirect inguinal hernia
AST
Paraumbilical and superficial and inferior epigastric - umbilicus
All 3
Old men - arthralgias - cardiac and neuro sx
21. What separates the right greater and lesser sacs
Juvenille polyps - no risk if single
Gastrohepatic ligament
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Gallstone - biliary stricture - chronic pancreatitis - carcinoma of the pancreatic head
22. What is the rate limiting step of carbohydrate digestion
90%
Brush border of intestine - produce monosaccharides from oligo and di
Oligosaccharide digestion
Liver metabolizes 5HT
23. What does high flow rate mean
Boerhaave's Syndrome - Been heaving syndrome
Closer to isotonic because of less time to reabsorb NaCl
Femoral hernia
Redness and tenderness on palpation of extremities
24. What are the main components of bile
Bile salts (bile conjugated to glycine or taurine) phospholipids - cholesterol - bilirubin - water and ions
Juvenille polyps - no risk if single
Internal thoracic to superior epigastric to inferior epigastric
Old men - arthralgias - cardiac and neuro sx
25. Which is used more quickly - an oral glucose load - or that by IV
Dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis - birds beak
Stomach to proximal duodenum - liver - gall bladder - pancreas and spleen - celiac - vagus
Femoral hernia - through femoral canal - lateral to pubic tubercle and women
Oral glucose
26. What are the treatmet options for crohns
Villi and microvilli inc absorptive surface - brunner's glands and crypts of lieberkuhn
Initial diffuse periumbilical pain localizing to mcburney's point with nausea - fever - possible perforation leading to peritonitis
Corticosteroids - infliximab
Punched out - clean margins - carcinoma =raised irregular margins
27. Why are most diverticula considered false
L1
Source - K cells (duod - jej) - action - exocrine - dec gastric H+ secretion - endocrine - inc insulin release - regulation - inc by fatty acids - amino acids - oral glucose
H2 receptor - inc cAMP
Lack or have an attenuated muscularis externa - often in the sigmoid colon
28. What is pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with
Common hepatic - splenic - left gastric - main blood supply for stomach
Normal
Cigarettes and chronic pancreatitis - not EtOH
Achalasia due to loss of myenteric plexus (auberach)
29. final and irreversible alcoholic liver disease with micronodular irregularly shrunken liver with hobnail appearance
VZV and influenza B treated with salicylates
Alcoholic cirrhosis
L/R renal artery around L1
GLUT 2
30. What are the ABCDEF of esophageal cancer
Gastrin stimulating ECL cells to release histamine - histamine stimulation on parietal cells
Alcohol/Achalasia - Barretts - Cigarettes - Diverticuli (Zenkers) Esophageal web/Esophagitis - Familial
Gallbladder
SGLT1 (Na dependent) glucose - galactose - GLUT 5 fructose (facilitated diffusion)
31. internal hemorrhoids and adenocarcinoma occur above or below pectinate line?
Acute pancreatitis
Inhibits parietal cells because of ACH is NT - while GRP works at the G cells
Above
Necrotizing enterocolitis
32. Abuse of what substance leads to acute gastritis
Hiatal hernia - sliding - hourglass shape - and paraesophageal hernia where stomach chomes up through the hiatus
Black - rotors syndrome
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
EtOH
33. What are esophageal strictures associated with
Fe2+ in the duod
Lye ingestion and acid reflux
Chronic calcifying pancreatitis - inc risk of panreatic cancer
Stomach cancer (usually adenocarcinoma) - early aggressive spread - node/liver mets - associated with nitrosamines (smoked foods) - achlorhydria - chronic gastritis - type A blood
34. What is the omphalomesenteric cyst
Above
Terminal ileum and colon
Cystic dilation of the viteline duct
Volvulus
35. What histological findings are present in the stomach
Poor anastamoses
Reye's syndrome
Gastric glands
Normal
36. Bile is critical for exrection of what substance
Cholesterol
Source - parasympathetic ganglion in sphincters - gallbladder - small intestine - action - inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion - inc relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters - regulation - inc by distention and vagal stimulati
Gamma glutamyl transferase GGT
H pylori (almost 100%)
37. somatostatin - source - action - regulation
IBS at least 2 with recurrent abdominal pain
Source - D cells (pancreatic islets - GI mucosa) - action - dec gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion - dec pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion - dec gallbladder contraction - dec insulin and glucagon release
Warthins' tumor
Viral - adenovirus in kids - rare in adults but associated with intraluminal mass or tumor
38. What are the common causes of gastric ulcers - What causes gastric ulcer
H pylori (70%) - NSAIDS - dec mucosal protection against gastric acid
8-9 waves/min
Zenkers - halitosis - dysphagia and obstruction
>3mm nodules - significant liver injury leading to hepatic necrosis - postinfectious - drug induced hepatitis with inc risk of HCC
39. What kind of pancreatitis is associated with EtOH and smoking
Worldwide - SC - US - adeno
Chronic calcifying pancreatitis - inc risk of panreatic cancer
Complications of UC
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt between portal and hepatic vein percutaneously by shunting blood to the systemic circulation
40. signet ring cells - acanthosis nigracans - dz - character/association - spread
Chief cells of the stomach - protein digestion - inc by vagal stimulation local acid
Serum mitochondrial antibodies including IgM - associated with CREST - RA and celiac dz
Stomach cancer (usually adenocarcinoma) - early aggressive spread - node/liver mets - associated with nitrosamines (smoked foods) - achlorhydria - chronic gastritis - type A blood
Goes through deep inguinal ring - external inguinal ring and into the scrotum
41. When do you see hypertrophy of brunners glands
Alk phos
Air into the biliary tree - if gallstone obstructs ileocecal valve - air can be seen in biliary tree on imaging
Duodenal atresia - Downs
Peptic ulcer disease
42. What does K- ras mutation cause
Failure of neural crest migration
Menetriers disease
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
43. FAP + malignant CNS tumor
Conj/unconj - inc - nl to dec
Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back - anorexia - nausea
Turcot
The jejunum
44. What are the branches of the celiac trunk and What do they supply
CHF and inc risk of HCC
Common hepatic - splenic - left gastric - main blood supply for stomach
US and cholecystectomy
Omeprazole
45. alcoholic liver disease with short term change and moderate EtOH intake - macrovesicular fatty change that may be reversible
Parietal cells in the stomach - B12 binding protein
Dec synthesis of apo B - inability to generate chylomicrons - dec secretion of cholesterol - VLDL into the bloodstream - fat accumulation in enterocytes
Hepatic steatosis
Inhibits parietal cells because of ACH is NT - while GRP works at the G cells
46. What causes primary biliary cirrhosis
AST >ALT - ration is usually 1.5
Autoimmune rxn leading to lymphcytic infiltrate + granulomas
Lactase is located at the tips of intestinal villi
Lamina propora and submucosa
47. What are the labs for primary/secondary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Striated
Inc conj bilirubin - inc cholesterol - inc alk phos
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
Serum mitochondrial antibodies including IgM - associated with CREST - RA and celiac dz
48. What does loss of APC cause
12 waves/min
Duodenum - 2nd - 3rd and 4th parts
Decreased intercellular adhesion and increased proliferation
Cystic duct and common hepatic duct
49. Which glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize acid contents entering the duodenum from the stomach and are located in the duodenal submucosa
Budd chiari syndrome
Cystic dilation of the viteline duct
Krukenbergs tumor
Brunners
50. Where is the pancreatic enzyme concentration highest and what reaction does it catalyze
Hernia
Duodenal lumen - hydrolyzes starch to oligosaccharides and disaccharides
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests