SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE GI
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What do tumors that arise in the head of the pancreas cause
True and most common congenital anomoly of GI tract
Alk pho
Zollinger ellison - brunners glands
Obstruction of the common bile duct
2. Dysphagia in achalasia results from
High LES opening pressure and uncoordinated peristalsis - both solids and liquids
Pleomorphic adenoma
Lye ingestion and acid reflux
H+
3. What is charcot triad of cholangitis
12 waves/min
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
VZV and influenza B treated with salicylates
Jaundice - fever - RUQ
4. is meckels a true diverticulum and how common is it
Immature UDP- glucuronyl transferase to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - jaundice kernicuterus
True and most common congenital anomoly of GI tract
Gallstone - biliary stricture - chronic pancreatitis - carcinoma of the pancreatic head
Aspirin metabolites dec beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitocondrial enzyme - ASPIRIN Not RECOMMENDED FOR CHILDREN
5. If the hemochromatosis is primary - What is the pattern of inheritance
AR
Esophageal cancer
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
Pruritis - jaundice - dark urine - light stools - hepatosplenomegaly
6. What are the labs for primary/secondary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Juvenile polyposis syndrome - inc risk of adenocarcinoma
Inc conj bilirubin - inc cholesterol - inc alk phos
CF - obstructing cancer - chronic pancreatitis - causes malabsorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Failure of neural crest migration
7. Painless bleedgin of submucosal veins in lower 1/3 of esophagus
Esophageal varices
Averages 6 months - very aggressive - usually already metastasized at presentation
Myenteric nerve plexus - aurbach
Dense core bodies
8. What cells make pepsin - What does it do - and what regulates it
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
GLUT 2
Chief cells of the stomach - protein digestion - inc by vagal stimulation local acid
Esophageal cancer
9. Autoantibodies to gluten (gliadin) in wheat and other grains
In the ileum with bile acids - requires IF
Internal thoracic to superior epigastric to inferior epigastric
Dense core bodies
Celiac sprue
10. What are the foregut structures and what supplies their blood and PANS innvervation
Internal thoracic to superior epigastric to inferior epigastric
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Worldwide - SC - US - adeno
Stomach to proximal duodenum - liver - gall bladder - pancreas and spleen - celiac - vagus
11. How does loss of NO secretion affect the esophagus and what results
Dubin johnson
Hypercoaguability - polycythemia vera - pregnancy - HCC
Zollinger ellison - brunners glands
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
12. What portion of the bowel does sprue effect
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
T12
The proximal small bowel
Gallbladder
13. acute bowel obstruction - commonly from a recent surgery - can have well demarcated necrotic zones
Peutz jeghers
Inc size - villous histology - inc epithelial dysplasia - precursor to CRC
Adhesion
The jejunum
14. What commonly leads to appendicity in kids vs adults
EtOH
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Kids - lymphoid hyperplasia afer viral infxn - adults - obstruction - fecalith
Old men - arthralgias - cardiac and neuro sx
15. What does high flow rate mean
Lateral
Closer to isotonic because of less time to reabsorb NaCl
Cushings ulcers - inc vagal stimulation leading to inc vagal stim - inc ACH and inc H+ secretion
Colovesical leading to pneumaturia
16. What parts of the small bowel can tropical sprue effect
Brush border of intestine - produce monosaccharides from oligo and di
The submucosal nerve plexus - meissner's
Villi and microvilli inc absorptive surface - brunner's glands and crypts of lieberkuhn
The entire
17. What is the path of an indirect inguinal hernia
Goes through deep inguinal ring - external inguinal ring and into the scrotum
Bile salts (bile conjugated to glycine or taurine) phospholipids - cholesterol - bilirubin - water and ions
Dubin johnson
Lesser curvature - gastric arteries - cut in surgery to access lesser sac
18. What is the HLA association and treatment for hemochromatosis
Ceruplasmin
Appendicitis
Erosive - disruption of mucosal barrier leading to inflammation
Repeated phlebotomy - deferoxamine - HLA- A3
19. Where is folate absorbed
Esophageal carcinoma
Small intestine
The jejunum
Gastrin stimulating ECL cells to release histamine - histamine stimulation on parietal cells
20. What is the TX of physiologic neonatal jaundice
Phototherapy
M3 - Gq - inc IP3/Ca
Left gastric vein and esophogeal vein - esophagus
Causes of gall stones
21. With internal hemorrhoids Where is the anastomoses and Where is it
Hirschsprungs
Cushings ulcers - inc vagal stimulation leading to inc vagal stim - inc ACH and inc H+ secretion
Inferior epigastric artery - lateral border of rectus abdominis - inguinal ligament
Superior rectal and middle and inferior rectal - rectum
22. At what spinal level does the SMA exit
Myenteric nerve plexus - aurbach
Pain associated with cholecystitis and galls stones - diabetics may not present with pain
L1
Inspiratory arrest on deep palpation due to pain
23. What structure is Not contained in the femoral sheath
Source - S cells (duod) - action - inc pancreatic bicarb secretion - dec gastric acid secretin - inc bile secretion - regulation - inc by acid - fatty acids in lumen of duod
Pyoderma gangrenosum - primary sclerosing cholangitis
Superior rectal
The femoral nerve - only the vein artyer and canal (with deep inguinal lymph nodes)
24. What are the longterm sequelae of nutmeg liver
...
Muscularis mucosae
So hypertrophied they look like brain gyri
Centrilobular congestion and necrosis - cardiac cirrhosis
25. What is the frequency of basal electric rhythm in the duodenum
Chronic constipation early in life with dilated portion of the colon proximal to the aganglionic segment resulting in a transition zone - involves rectum - usually a failure to pass meconium
Autoimmune= ulcerative colitis - disordered response to bactere = crohns
12 waves/min
Early childhood - neuro sx and malabsorption
26. Between what structures do strong anastamoses exist
Alpha1 antitrypsin def - codominant trait
Left and right gastroepiploics - left and right gastrics
High LES opening pressure and uncoordinated peristalsis - both solids and liquids
Causes of gall stones
27. How many layers outpouch in a false diverticula and they occur At what point of weakness and what?
Autoimmune= ulcerative colitis - disordered response to bactere = crohns
Pruritis - jaundice - dark urine - light stools - hepatosplenomegaly
Neutralizes oral bacertial acids and maintains dental health
Only mucosa or submucosa - occur where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa
28. What skin condition is associated with celiac sprue
Superior rectal from IMA - superior rectal vein to inf mesenteric to portal system
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Distal colon - obstruction - colicky pain - hematochezia - proximal colon - dull pain - iron deficiency anemia - fatigue
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa/adventitia
29. Where does inflammation in diverticula likely cause pain - what other signs/symptoms are present and What are the complications
Superior rectal
5HT - wheezing - right sided heart murmurs - diarrhea - flushing -
LLQ - fever - leukocytosis - can perforate leading to peritonitis - abscess formation - bowel stenosis - give antiobiotics
Upregulated intracellular signal transduction
30. What is the clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis
Virchow's node
Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back - anorexia - nausea
Via the middle colic
2 inches long - 2 feet from ileocecal valve - 2% of pop - first 2 years of life - 2 types of epithelia
31. What are the results of hemochromatosis
Warthins' tumor
CHF and inc risk of HCC
Failure of neural crest migration
Duodenal lumen - hydrolyzes starch to oligosaccharides and disaccharides
32. Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina proporia and submucosa of small intestine containing specialized M cells that take up antigen
Menetriers disease
Peyers patches
Source - SI - action - produces migrating motor complexes - regulation - inc in fasting state
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa/adventitia
33. Where does type A chronic gastritis occur and What causes it
Primarly through ECL leading to histamine release
Hemosiderosis - hemochromatosis
Fundus/body - autoimmune - autoantibodies to parietal cells - perncious anemia - and achlorhydria
Alk phos
34. milk intolerance
L1
Inhibits parietal cells because of ACH is NT - while GRP works at the G cells
Tropical sprue
Dissaccharidase def - most commonly lactase
35. final and irreversible alcoholic liver disease with micronodular irregularly shrunken liver with hobnail appearance
Mallory bodies
Cholesterol
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Celiac sprue
36. What gives stool its characteristic color
Stercobilin
Esophageal carcinoma
Duodenum - 2nd - 3rd and 4th parts
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
37. What is contained with in the hepatoduodenal ligament - What two spaces does it connect - and when would you need to compress it
DIC - ARDS - diffuse fat necrosis - hypcalcemia - pseudocyst formation - hemorrhage - infxn - multiorgan failure
Peyers patches
Hemolytic anemia
Portal triad: hepatic artery - protal vein - common bile duct - greater and lesser sac - to control bleeding
38. Where are oligosaccharide hydrolases and What do they do
Brush border of intestine - produce monosaccharides from oligo and di
Carcinoid syndrome
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Peyer's patches - plicae circulares in the proximal ileum and crypts of lieberkuhn
39. How is the diagonsis of CRC made
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
Krukenbergs tumor
Heme metabolism
Lateral
40. What is a positive murphy's sign
H+
Inspiratory arrest on deep palpation due to pain
Carcinoid syndrome
Krukenbergs tumor
41. What layer in the mucosa is repsonsible for motility
Right and left hepatic duct
Krukenbergs tumor
Muscularis mucosae
Jaundice - fever - RUQ
42. bilateral mets to ovaries with abundant mucus - signet ring cells
Ceruplasmin
Krukenbergs tumor
Internal thoracic to superior epigastric to inferior epigastric
Dec PGE2 leading to dec gastric mucosa protection
43. Why would a self - limited lactase def occur following an injury (viral diarrhea)
Downs
Lactase is located at the tips of intestinal villi
Pruritis - jaundice - dark urine - light stools - hepatosplenomegaly
Hemosiderosis - hemochromatosis
44. What complication can arise from indirect inguinal hernias
Colovesical leading to pneumaturia
3rd most common cancer - 3rd deadliest in US - pts > 50 - 1/4 have fam hx
Small intestine
Hydrocele
45. What kind of lesions are characteristic of duodenal PUD vs cancer
Jaundice - fever - RUQ
Punched out - clean margins - carcinoma =raised irregular margins
Cholecystitis - also ascending cholangitis - acute pancreatitis and bililary infx
HSV-1 - CMV - Candida
46. conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion
Stercobilin
Superior rectal
PAS- positive globules in liver -
Dubin johnson
47. What type of insults result in micronodular cirrhosis
<3mm nodules - metabolic - etoh - hemochromatosis - wilsons
Liver - brain - cornea - kidneys - joints - Asterixis - Basal ganglia degeneration - dec Ceruloplasmin - Cirrhosis - Corneal deposits - Copper accumulation - Carcinoma (HCC) - Choreiform movements - Dementia
Autoimmune= ulcerative colitis - disordered response to bactere = crohns
Barrett's esophagus
48. What serum enzyme is elevated in acute pancreatitis and mumps
Krukenbergs tumor
Inferior rectal nerve
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
Amylase
49. What serum enzyme is decreased in wilsons disease
Primarly through ECL leading to histamine release
Ceruplasmin
EtOH
LLQ - fever - leukocytosis - can perforate leading to peritonitis - abscess formation - bowel stenosis - give antiobiotics
50. What does histo show for alpha1 antitrypsin def
Amylase
The proximal small bowel
PAS- positive globules in liver -
Juvenile polyposis syndrome - inc risk of adenocarcinoma
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests