SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE GI
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where is the pectinate line
Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back - anorexia - nausea
IBS at least 2 with recurrent abdominal pain
Where hindgut meets ectoderm
Lack or have an attenuated muscularis externa - often in the sigmoid colon
2. What kind of muscle is in the lower 1/3 of the esophagus
Smooth
Oligosaccharide digestion
Redundant mesentary
Uremia
3. What pancreatic enzymes are responsible for fat digestion
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt between portal and hepatic vein percutaneously by shunting blood to the systemic circulation
Bleeding - intussusception - volvulus - obstruction near terminal ileum
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
EtOH
4. Who is at risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Repeated phlebotomy - deferoxamine - HLA- A3
Failure of neural crest migration
Jewish and African American men
Paraumbilical and superficial and inferior epigastric - umbilicus
5. This disease commonly presents as heartburn and regurg when lying down - What is another common presentation
NAV = nerve artery vein - venous near the penis (NAVEL)
Uremia
GERD - may also present with nocturnal cough and dyspnea
Where hindgut meets ectoderm
6. People of what decent are associated with celiac sprue and what findings/antibodies are present
Jewish and African American men
Northern european - Abs to gliadin and tissue transglutaminase - blunted villi - lymphcytes in the lamina proporia
Diverticulitis in elderly - ectopic pregs use hCG to rule out
External (superficial) ring only
7. What layer in the mucosa is responsible for support
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
Lamina propria
Pancreatic and bile
Hypotonic because of more time to reabsorb NaCl
8. What converts inactive pepsinogen to pepsin
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
H+
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt between portal and hepatic vein percutaneously by shunting blood to the systemic circulation
Parietal cells in the stomach - decrease pH - inc by histamine - ACH - gastrin - dec by somatostatin - GIP - prostaglandin - secretin
9. absent UDPGT - presents early in life - early mortality
Carcinoid syndrome
H+
Conj - inc - dec
Crigler - najjar type 1
10. inc cholesterol and/or bilirubin - dec bile salts and gallbladder stasis
Causes of gall stones
Heme metabolism
Immature UDP- glucuronyl transferase to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - jaundice kernicuterus
Gut bacteria
11. In viral hepatitis - which liver enzyme is higher
Black - rotors syndrome
ALT>AST
CF - obstructing cancer - chronic pancreatitis - causes malabsorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
12. What serum markers increase in cholecystitis with bile duct involvement
Stomach to proximal duodenum - liver - gall bladder - pancreas and spleen - celiac - vagus
Common hepatic - splenic - left gastric - main blood supply for stomach
Alk phos
Pleuroperitoneal
13. Through which aspect of the inguinal canal does a direct inguinal go
External (superficial) ring only
Black - rotors syndrome
H+
Celiac sprue
14. What are the signs and symptoms of budd chiari
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to supper portion of rectum - IMA - and PANS
Hepatomegaly - ascitis - abdominal pain - varices - visible abdominal and back veins - absence of JVD
Neural muscarinic pathways
PAS- positive globules in liver -
15. Where does crohns usually affect the GI tract
Terminal ileum and colon
Source - G cells in the antrum - action - inc gastric H+ secretion - inc growth of gastric mucosa - and inc gastric motility - regulation - inc by stomach distention/alkalinaztion - amino acids - peptides - vagal stimulation - dec by stomach pH < 1.5
Lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
Glucouronate - water soluble (direct)
16. in budd chiari syndrome - Where is the congestion and necrosis
Centrilobular leading to congestive liver disease
NAV = nerve artery vein - venous near the penis (NAVEL)
Ampulla of vater
Inc risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies
17. a false diverticulum - herniation of mucosal tissue at junction of pharynx and esophagus - How does this present
Increase tumorigenesis
Zenkers - halitosis - dysphagia and obstruction
Alcohol/Achalasia - Barretts - Cigarettes - Diverticuli (Zenkers) Esophageal web/Esophagitis - Familial
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
18. What kind of digestion is bile needed for
Triglycerides and micelle formation - required for absorption of of non polar nutrients in small intestine
Inc - weight loss
CCK8 receptor - Gq inc IP3/Ca
HPNCC
19. What conditions are associated with budd chiari
Hypercoaguability - polycythemia vera - pregnancy - HCC
Juvenile polyposis syndrome - inc risk of adenocarcinoma
Bleeding - penetration into pancreas - perforation - obstruction
Superior rectal
20. What type of insults result in micronodular cirrhosis
Ceruplasmin
IgA secreting plasma cells - ultimately reside in the lamina proporia
Left gastric vein and esophogeal vein - esophagus
<3mm nodules - metabolic - etoh - hemochromatosis - wilsons
21. occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins
AST
Crohns = transmural (cobblestone mucosa - creeping fat - string sign - linear ulcers fissures - fistulas) UC = mucosal and submucosal (friable mucosal pseudopolyps with freely hanging mesentary - loss of haustra - lead pipe appearance on imaging
Crohns = maybe - UC= always
Budd chiari syndrome
22. What are the histological findings of the colon
Myenteric nerve plexus - aurbach
L1
Osmotic
Crypts but not villi
23. What does high flow rate mean
The femoral nerve - only the vein artyer and canal (with deep inguinal lymph nodes)
Viral - adenovirus in kids - rare in adults but associated with intraluminal mass or tumor
Closer to isotonic because of less time to reabsorb NaCl
Jaundice - fever - RUQ
24. in CF - meconium plug obstructs intestine - preventing stool passage at birth
Diverticulum
Meconium ileus
Splenic flexure
Source - D cells (pancreatic islets - GI mucosa) - action - dec gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion - dec pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion - dec gallbladder contraction - dec insulin and glucagon release
25. What kind of anemia is in Wilsons
Hemolytic anemia
Lamina propria
Mallory bodies
L3
26. What arteries exit just below the SMA
L/R renal artery around L1
Coma - scleral icterus - fetor hepaticus - spider nevi - gynecomastia - jaundice - testicular atrophy - hand tremor - bleeding - anemia - ankle edema
Hydrocele
Source - K cells (duod - jej) - action - exocrine - dec gastric H+ secretion - endocrine - inc insulin release - regulation - inc by fatty acids - amino acids - oral glucose
27. What congenital birth defect is associated with Hirschsprung
Downs
Pertechnetate - study for uptake
Crohns = maybe - UC= always
Sphincter of oddi
28. How is the diagonsis of CRC made
Iron def anemia in older pts - screening of pts >50 with stool occult blood test and colonscopy - apple core lesion on barium enema xray - CEA tumor marker
EtOH
Smooth
External spermatic fascia only
29. alcoholic liver disease that requires sustained - long term consumption - with swollen and necrotic hepatocytes with neutrophilic infiltration
Unconjugated - water insoluble
CCK8 receptor - Gq inc IP3/Ca
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
Alcoholic hepatitis
30. What artery passes around the duodenum
Poor anastamoses
The gastroduodenal
Corticosteroids - infliximab
Only mucosa or submucosa - occur where vasa recta perforate muscularis externa
31. What structure is Not contained in the femoral sheath
Mucosal cells in the stomach - duod - salivary glands - pancreas - brunners glands in the duod - neutralizes acid - inc by pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin
Cirrhosis - DM - skin pigmentation - 'bronze diabetes'
The femoral nerve - only the vein artyer and canal (with deep inguinal lymph nodes)
Female - fat - fertile - forty
32. What does the splenorenal ligament connect - and What does it contain
Largest nimber of goblet cells in the small intestine - plicae circulares and crypts of lieberkuhn
Spleen to posterior abdominal wall - splenic artery and vein
Triglycerides and micelle formation - required for absorption of of non polar nutrients in small intestine
M3 - Gq - inc IP3/Ca
33. alcoholic liver disease with short term change and moderate EtOH intake - macrovesicular fatty change that may be reversible
Pain associated with cholecystitis and galls stones - diabetics may not present with pain
Peyers patches
Hepatic steatosis
Nonkeritinized stratified sqamous epithelium
34. Gallstones that reach the common channel at ampulla can block which two ducts
Pancreatic and bile
Protrudes through the Hesselbach's triangle - bulges directly through abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric vessels
Gut bacteria
Obstruction of the common bile duct
35. What is the prognosis of adenocarcinoma
Spleen to posterior abdominal wall - splenic artery and vein
Source - parasympathetic ganglion in sphincters - gallbladder - small intestine - action - inc intestinal water and electrolyte secretion - inc relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters - regulation - inc by distention and vagal stimulati
Alpha1 antitrypsin def - codominant trait
Averages 6 months - very aggressive - usually already metastasized at presentation
36. What intervention will intervention will relieve portal HTN
M3 - Gq - inc IP3/Ca
Crohns = transmural (cobblestone mucosa - creeping fat - string sign - linear ulcers fissures - fistulas) UC = mucosal and submucosal (friable mucosal pseudopolyps with freely hanging mesentary - loss of haustra - lead pipe appearance on imaging
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt between portal and hepatic vein percutaneously by shunting blood to the systemic circulation
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
37. concentric onion skin bile duct fibrosis
Dec PGE2 leading to dec gastric mucosa protection
With albumin
Cholecystitis - usually from gallstones rarely ischemia or infxn (CMV)
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
38. What is the characteristic histo finding in alcoholic hepatitis
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Mallory bodies
L1
Villi and microvilli inc absorptive surface - brunner's glands and crypts of lieberkuhn
39. malnutrition - toxic megacolon - colorectal carcinoma
Increase tumorigenesis
Where hindgut meets ectoderm
Complications of UC
Unconjugated - water insoluble
40. misfolded gene product protein accumulates in hepatocellular ER - dec in elastic tissu in lungs leading panacinar emphysema
Alpha1 antitrypsin def - codominant trait
Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
CCK8 receptor - Gq inc IP3/Ca
Begins starch digestion - inactivated by low pH upon reaching the stomach
41. What is one potential precipitating factor for intussusception
Lipase - phospholipase A - colipase
Viral - adenovirus in kids - rare in adults but associated with intraluminal mass or tumor
Skip lesions =crohns - colon = UC
Striated
42. How are all 3 monosaccharides transported to the blood
GLUT 2
Abdominal pain radiating to back - weight loss due to malabsorption - migratory thrombophlebitis - obstructice jaundice with palpable gallbladder
H2 receptor - inc cAMP
All 3 gut layers outpouch as in Meckels
43. What commonly leads to appendicity in kids vs adults
Dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis - birds beak
Lack or have an attenuated muscularis externa - often in the sigmoid colon
Gilbert's
Kids - lymphoid hyperplasia afer viral infxn - adults - obstruction - fecalith
44. What are additional risk factors for CRC
Complications of UC
Fasting and stress
Female - fat - fertile - forty
IBD - Strep bovis bacteremia - tobacco - large villous adenomas - juvenille polyposis syndrome - peutz jehgers syndrome
45. What receptors does gastrin bind on the parietal cell and What does it activate
Inc lower esphogeal tone leading to achalasia
HSV-1 - CMV - Candida
Zollinger Ellison - phenylalanine and tryptophan
CCK8 receptor - Gq inc IP3/Ca
46. What factors increase risk of malignancy of adenomatous polyps
Gallstones - EtOH - trauma - steroids - mumps - autoimmune - scorpion sting - hypercalcemia/hyperlipidemia - ERCP - Drugs (sulfa)
Epithelium
L2
Inc size - villous histology - inc epithelial dysplasia - precursor to CRC
47. What is the mechanism for reyes syndrome
Common hepatic - splenic - left gastric - main blood supply for stomach
Portal triad: hepatic artery - protal vein - common bile duct - greater and lesser sac - to control bleeding
Aspirin metabolites dec beta oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitocondrial enzyme - ASPIRIN Not RECOMMENDED FOR CHILDREN
Lubricate food (glycoprotiens)
48. What does TOASTED with alcoholic hepatitis stand for
True and most common congenital anomoly of GI tract
AST >ALT - ration is usually 1.5
Parietal cells in the stomach - decrease pH - inc by histamine - ACH - gastrin - dec by somatostatin - GIP - prostaglandin - secretin
Ischemic colitis
49. Autodigestion of pancreas by pancreatic enzymes
Acute pancreatitis
Alk pho
Ampulla of vater
All 3 gut layers outpouch as in Meckels
50. Why does volvulus occur more at cecum and sigmoid colon
Redundant mesentary
Begins starch digestion - inactivated by low pH upon reaching the stomach
Backup of blood into the liver - RHF - budd chiari
Hepatomegaly - ascitis - abdominal pain - varices - visible abdominal and back veins - absence of JVD
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests