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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What syndrome occurs when pelvic inflammatory disease ascends to surround the liver capsule in violin string adhesions?
Relative risk and/or attributable risk. (Cohort studies deal with incidence.)
Middle
Chromosome 18
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis syndrome

2. Are the following parameters associated with an obstructive or restrictive lung disorder: decreased FEV1 - FVC - peak flow - and FEV1/FVC; increased TLC - FRC - and RV?
MGB (think EARS)
Effective dose for 50% of drug takers (median effective dose)
1:1. Remember - the flow through the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit are equal.
Obstructive lung disorders. The opposite changes (where you see decrease exchange it for increase and vice versa) are seen in a restrictive pattern.

3. What paraphilia is defined as x A male rubbing his genitals on a fully clothed female to achieve orgasm?
Schistocytes
Frotteurism
Potter facies
Stage fright (discrete performance anxiety)

4. What cell of the nephron is responsible for renin production and secretion?
Invariant chain
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cell
Vitamin A
Cardiac muscle

5. What cell in chronic inflammation is derived from blood monocytes?
Macrophages
Third M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
Stable
The conversion of CHO to pregnenolone via the enzyme desmolase

6. What area of the posterior aspect of the eye has no photoreceptors?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
The optic disk is the blind spot.
Live vaccines
1. Skin color 2. Heart rate 3. Reflexes 4. Muscle tone 5. Respiratory rate APGAR - Appearance - Pulse - Grimace - Activity - Respiration

7. What toxicities are caused by the following agents? - Occupational nitrous oxide exposure
HIV and poxvirus
Plasmin
Anemia
Paracortex

8. What is the most potent stimulus for glucagon secretion? Inhibition?
IQ
Motilin
Leptospira
Hypoglycemia for secretion and hyperglycemia for inhibition

9. What are the three components of amyloid?
Splitting
1. Fibrillary protein 2. Amyloid protein 3. Glycosaminoglycans
Stages 3 and 4 (NREM)
Labetalol

10. What is the most common lethal AR disorder affecting white Americans?
Cystic fibrosis
Dopamine
Aspartate and carbomoyl PO4
Elongation factor - G and GTP

11. What is the most common one? - Tumor arising within the bone
Cystadenoma
Caput medusa - internal hemorrhoids - esophageal varices - retroperitoneal varices - and splenomegaly
Nucleolus. Ribosomal assembly also takes place in the nucleolus.
Multiple myeloma

12. Name the most common type or cause - Lobar pneumonia
Achondroplasia
1. Covalent bonding between the hapten and carrier 2. B- cell exposure to hapten twice 3. T- cell exposure to carrier twice
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Cyproheptadine

13. What disease is seen in children younger than 5 years of age and is characterized by X- linked recessive cardiac myopathies - calf pseudohypertrophy - lordosis - protuberant belly - an increase then a decrease in CPK - and death commonly in the secon
Gastric cancer
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Somatic motor neurons
Alanine cycle

14. Craniopharyngiomas are remnants of what?

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15. What test is used to screen for HIV?
ELISA. It detects anti - p24 IgG.
3'-5' direction - synthesizing RNA in the 5'-3' direction
Being a female physician increases the risk of suicide nearly four times the general population.
Potter facies

16. What are the vitamin K- dependent coagulation factors?
Adenosine deaminase
The Romberg sign is present if the patient sways or loses balance when standing with eyes open. In a dorsal column lesion - patients sway with eyes closed. (Don't forget this one.)
CMV retinitis and HSV-2
Factors II - VII - IX - X - and proteins C and S

17. Is irreversible
Bacillus cereus
Ag - Ab binding
Left abducens nerve
1. Benefits of the procedure 2. Purpose of the procedure 3. Risks of the procedure 4. The nature of the procedure (what you are doing) 5. The alternative to this procedure and its availability (Don't forget the last one; this is where physicians get

18. How many pairs of spinal nerves are associated with x Thoracic vertebrae?
Twelve pairs through twelve thoracic vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Thymine (B1)
Urachus
Lymphoblastic lymphoma

19. What form of penicillin is stable in acid environments?
Somatization disorder
Clostridium botulinum
Penicillin V
Osteoma

20. What area of the nephron is sensitive to the effects of ADH?
Collecting ducts - which make them readily permeable to water reabsorption.
Omphalocele and gastroschisis
Plasmodium vivax
Circumvallate papillae

21. Which form of melanoma carries the best prognosis?
Lentigo maligna melanoma
MEN III (or IIb)
Physiologic dead space is the total dead space of the respiratory system.
CN III - IV - and VI

22. What result occurs because of the negative alveolar pressure generated during inspiration?
A- T are linked by 2 hydrogen bonds - C- G by 3 hydrogen bonds.
RSV
Onset of bleeding
Air flows into the respiratory system.

23. What viruses are associated with Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions?
Femoral nerve
antiemetic
ASA
Herpes virus I and II

24. Describe the organism based on the following information: x Beta - Hemolytic Streptococcus; positive cAMP test; hydrolyzes hippurate
apo A-1
Parasympathetic stimulation - via the vagus nerve - results in bronchoconstriction - whereas sympathetic stimulation results in bronchodilation.
C- peptide levels
Streptococcus agalactiae

25. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x L- myc
Pergolide
Transvestite fetishism
Small cell cancer of the lung
Yes. It increases the rate of suicide to nearly 50 times that of the general population.

26. What is the name of the ovarian cyst containing ectodermal - endodermal - and mesodermal elements (i.e. - skin - hair - teeth and neural tissue)?
Systematic desensitization
Bruton X- linked hypogammaglobinemia. Tyrosine kinase deficiency leads to inadequate B cell maturation.
1. Bunyavirus 2. Orthomyxovirus 3. Arenavirus 4. Reovirus Remember BOAR
Teratoma (dermoid cyst)

27. What cells of the nephron function as sodium concentration sensors of the tubular fluid?
Macula densa
Entamoeba histolytica (treat with metronidazole)
Afterload
IgA - IgD - IgE - IgG - and IgM

28. From What aortic arch are the following structures derived?
Respiratory depression
Ch
Common and internal carotid arteries
hCG can be detected in the blood by day 8 and in the urine by day 10.

29. What is the name of hydrophilic pores that allow the direct passage of ions and particles between two adjacent cells?
The splenic vein
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
Gap junctions
S2 - S3 - S4

30. What class of drugs is used in the treatment of demineralization of the bone?
Bisphosphonates
Increase in ECF osmolarity means a in decrease in ICF osmolarity - so cells shrink.
Semipermeable membrane; a selectively permeable membrane allows both water and small solutes to pass through its membrane.
Plasmodium malariae

31. What is the relationship between chance of error and x Sample size?
Four Ms and a U 1. Median 2. Medial antebrachial 3. Medial pectoral 4. Medial brachial cutaneus 5. Ulnar
Neologisms. Thomas Jefferson noted - 'Necessity obliges us to neologize.' (Abnormal use of neologisms is known as neolalism.)
As sample size increases - the lower the chance of error.
Physiologic dead space is the total dead space of the respiratory system.

32. What form of conditioning is defined as a new response to an old stimulus resulting in a consequence?
Operant conditioning (reinforcement is after a response)
CN V - VI - VII - and VIII
A left CN X lesion results in the uvula deviating to the right. (Uvula points away from the affected side.)
Aldosterone Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.

33. Why would a puncture to a vein above the heart have the potential to introduce air into the vascular system?
IgD; IgM is also correct.
Henoch - Sch
Candida
Venous pressure above the heart is subatmospheric - so a puncture there has the potential to introduce air into the system.

34. What neuropsychologic test shows nine designs to the patient - then asks for recall of as many as possible?
PGD2 - PGE2 - and PGF 2
Male pseudohermaphrodite (dude looks like a lady!)
Spermatogonia (type A)
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test

35. Is the hydrophobic or hydrophilic end of the phospholipids of the cell membrane facing the aqueous environment?
Hydrophobic (water - insoluble) end faces the aqueous environment and the hydrophilic (water - soluble) end faces the interior of the cell.
Pneumococcus
Patients with cystic fibrosis have a mutation in the chloride channel protein in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7.
IgA nephropathy

36. What is the only factor of enzyme kinetics that the enzyme affects?
Missense
Peau d'orange
Ea (activation energy)
Terbinafine

37. What CNs arise from x The pons?
CN V - VI - VII - and VIII
S phase
Metabolic acidosis (summary: low pH - high H+ - and low HCO3-)
Tip of the left ventricle

38. What assay is used to identify MHC class I molecules?
Microcytotoxic assay
Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1
M3 (promyelocytic leukemia)
Multiple myeloma

39. What is the drug of choice for steroid - induced osteoporosis?
Glucokinase
Systolic interval decreases secondary to increased contractility; diastolic interval decreases secondary to an increase in heart rate.
Renal circulation
Alendronate

40. What is a plasma cell's life expectancy?
LGB (think EYES)
7 to 14 days
To provide attachment between contiguous cells and to maintain a semipermeable barrier
Endometriosis

41. What is the size of the prokaryotic ribosome?
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Thymidylate synthase
70S ribosomes in prokaryotes and 80S ribosomes in eukaryotes

42. Name the T- cell CD marker: x Expressed on all T cells and is needed as a signal transducer for the T cell receptor
Ankylosing spondylitis
T4; because of the greater affinity for the binding protein - T4 has a significantly (nearly fifty times) longer half - life than T3.
Increases
CD3

43. What is the period between falling asleep and REM sleep called?
Kl
REM latency; normally it is about 90 minutes.
From the adrenal medulla; NE is mainly derived from the postsynaptic sympathetic neurons.
Aminoglycosides

44. What happens to prevalence as incidence increases?
Internal carotid artery
Caplan syndrome
Erythema nodosum
Prevalence increases.

45. Name the phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle: x Period of cellular growth (translation and transcription) before DNA synthesis
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Sarcoidosis
Dilation of afferent arteriole
G1 phase (gap 1)

46. What results when the maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the medial nasal prominence?
Taenia saginata
None; it degenerates.
Norm reference (i.e. - 75% of the students in the class will pass)
Cleft lip

47. Are the following conditions associated with a negative or positive nitrogen balance? - Recovery from injury
mRNA
excites the neuron
Ovarian fibroma
Positive

48. What Ig prevents bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces?
The fastigial nucleus
IgA
Thiabendazole
Hemorrhagic exudates

49. What form of oxidation takes place with the addition of a water molecule and breakage of bonds?
Splitting
Fat necrosis
1. Increase compliance 2. Decrease surface tension 3. Decrease probability of pulmonary edema formation
Hydrolysis

50. What are the pharmacologic effects seen sexually with x Serotonin?
C- peptide levels
Negative correlation
Primary hypercortisolism
Inhibited orgasm