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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the following descriptions associated with bacterial endocarditis: x Retinal emboli
The portal tract of the liver lobule
Cytochrome a/a3
Superior and posterior
Roth spots

2. What happens to flow and pressure in capillaries with arteriolar dilation? Arteriolar constriction?
Kupffer cells
Capillary flow and pressure increase with arteriolar dilation and decrease with arteriolar constriction.
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cell
Urogenital sinus

3. Is the Salk polio vaccine inactivated?
Argyll Robertson pupils
Facial expression (the second is vocal intonation)
Yes
Courvoisier's law

4. What AA is the major carrier of nitrogen byproducts from most tissues in the body?
Glutamine
Cholera toxin
pI (isoelectric point)
Phase 4; NE increases the slope of the prepotential - allowing threshold to be reached sooner - and increases the rate of firing.

5. What region of the nephron has the highest osmolarity?
Muscle glycogen phosphorylase
Omega -3 fatty acids
Negative correlation
Tip of the loop of Henle (1200 mOsm/L)

6. What cells of the nephron function as sodium concentration sensors of the tubular fluid?
Macula densa
Subclavian vein
More than 75% of the vessel
Week four - and they remain dormant there until puberty.

7. What hormone is characterized by the following renal effects? - Calcium reabsorption - phosphate excretion
Hydatidiform mole
PTH
Rate of absorption
Lateral collateral ligament

8. Call - Exner bodies
Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary
The raphe nuclei
TSH. 5- HT and prolactin increase during sleep - and dopamine levels decrease during sleep.
1. Liver 2. Muscle 3. Adipose tissue

9. Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements - Dorsiflex the foot - extend the toes - and invert the foot
Anterior compartment of the leg - deep peroneal nerve
Osteoma
Beta- Galactosidase
IgA

10. Are white rami preganglionic or postganglionic fibers?
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
White rami are preganglionic fibers - whereas grey rami are postganglionic fibers.
The Beta- subunit; remember - the a - subunit is nonspecific.
60S and 40S. The large subunits (60S) are made in the nucleolus and the small subunits (40S) are made in the nucleus.

11. Which three CNs send sensory information to the solitary nucleus?
M12 strains
Ovarian cancer
CN VII - IX - and X; taste and general sensation for the tongue is sent to the solitary nucleus.
Proline and lysine

12. With a decrease in arterial diastolic pressure - what happens to x Stroke volume?
Endometriosis
CN VII
Decreases
Peau d'orange

13. What gene stimulates apoptosis when DNA repair is unable to be done?
Common peroneal nerve
The granule cell. Its neurotransmitter is glutamic acid - Which is also the principal neurotransmitter of the visual pathways.
PGI 2
p -53

14. Name the antidote - Carbon monoxide (CO)
Estrogen
Oxygen
Adhesions and hernias
Diffusion rate is indirectly proportional to membrane thickness and is directly proportional to membranes surface area.

15. What cell type of the epidermis originates from the neural crest?
Phase 4
Projective test. Most tests with a wide range of possibilities for the answers are projective.
Melanocytes
Acetoacetate - acetone - and Beta- hydroxybutyrate

16. How many days before the first day of menstrual bleeding is ovulation?
Osteoarthritis
The conversion of CHO to pregnenolone via the enzyme desmolase
14 days in most women (Remember - the luteal phase is always constant.)
Cystadenocarcinoma

17. What artery supplies the left ventricle - left atrium - and interventricular septum?
Left coronary artery
Ferrochelatase
Cauda equina
CN III and IV

18. What eukaryotic translation enzyme is associated with the following: x Termination
Opioids cause cerebral vasodilation and can result in increased intracerebral pressure.
Low average
No enzymes are needed. When the stop codon reaches the A site - it results in termination.
Hairy cell leukemia

19. What form of alcohol causes blindness?
Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases
Because the venous system is more compliant than the arterial vessels - small changes in pressure result in large changes in blood volume.
Tetanospasmin (also called tetanus toxin)
Methanol (wood alcohol)

20. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Agraphia - acalculia - finger agnosia - right - left disorientation

21. What drug is an M1- specific antispasmodic?
Resistance and vessel length are proportionally related. The greater the length of the vessel - the greater the resistance is on the vessel.
Pirenzepine
Howell - Jolly bodies
H 1

22. Name the hypochromic microcytic anemia based on the following laboratory values - Decreased iron - TIBC - and percent saturation; increased ferritin
PT for extrinsic and PTT for intrinsic (remember: wPeT and hPiTT - which means warfarin - extrinsic - PT; heparin - intrinsic - PTT)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
Erythema nodosum
Anemia of chronic disease

23. The nucleus is the site of...
Metronidazole
Diastole. During systole the left ventricle contracts - resulting in intramyocardial vessel compression and therefore very little blood flow in the coronary circulation.
transcription
extrapyramidal dysfunction

24. What are the pharmacologic effects seen sexually with x Dopamine agonists?
Increased erection and libido
Eisenmenger syndrome - which can also occur with any left - to - right shunt
No enzymes are needed. When the stop codon reaches the A site - it results in termination.
Histiocytosis X

25. What vitamin deficiency is evidenced by poor wound healing - loose teeth - bleeding gums - petechiae - and ecchymosis?
Spearman correlation
after abortion
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)
Glucose

26. Is the hydroxyl (- OH) end of DNA and RNA at the 3' or the 5' end?

27. What transient deficiency may result in a hypercoagulable state if warfarin is given alone?
Transient protein C deficiency - because of its relatively short half - life - may result if warfarin is instituted alone.
The vagina
Type III
Encapsulated bacteria

28. What type of muscle is characterized by no myoglobin - anaerobic glycolysis - high ATPase activity - and large muscle mass?
Cocaine - induced coronary ischemia
White muscle; short term too
Leukemias
Yohimbine

29. What area of the lymph node contains germinal centers?
The outer cortex contains most of the germinal centers and therefore also most B cells.
Minoxidil (orally and topically - respectively!)
Fragile X syndrome
Initiate and manage gross skeletal muscle movement control

30. What form of depression is due to abnormal metabolism of melatonin?
Phosphorylation of mannose residues
Osteoblast (Remember - blasts make - clasts take)
Vesicle (e.g. - poison ivy)
Seasonal affective disorder (treat with bright light therapy)

31. What somatoform disorder is described as x Severe - prolonged pain that persists with no cause being found - disrupts activities of daily living?
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
Azithromycin
Somatoform pain disorder
Because the large drop in TPR is accompanied by a large increase in cardiac output - resulting in a minimal change in BP.

32. Is the pH of CSF acidotic - alkalotic - or neutral?
The pH of CSF is 7.33 - acidotic.
HMG CoA reductase
Osteoclasts
DNA polymerase - a

33. What is the relationship between preload and the passive tension in a muscle?
Prevalence rate
d - Tubocurarine
(MA/CA) x 100 = IQ score - where MA = mental age and CA = chronological age
They are directly related; the greater the preload - the greater the passive tension in the muscle and the greater the prestretch of a sarcomere.

34. Name the three postganglionic sympathetic ganglia that receive input from thoracic splanchnics.

35. What protein carries free fatty acids to the liver?
The deepest sleep levels (stage 3 and 4) occur mostly in the first half of sleep.
Albumin
None; it degenerates.
Superior Oblique (CN IV) (LR6 SO4)3

36. In a topographical arrangement of the cerebellar homunculus map - What area or lobe x Is involved in motor planning?
Lateral part of the hemispheres
Inulin
The outer cortex contains most of the germinal centers and therefore also most B cells.
8 to 25 hours

37. The elimination of the unfertilized egg. In females - meiosis II is incomplete unless fertilization takes place.
Menses
Substance P. (Opioids relieve pain in part by blocking substance P.)
Dependent
HBeAb

38. Name the four ventral mesentery derivatives.
1. The lesser omentum (consisting of the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments) 2. Falciform ligament 3. Coronary ligament of the liver 4. Triangular ligament of the liver Liver is ventral; all other ligaments are dorsal mesentery derivatives.
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Glucagon and epinephrine
Flea - bitten kidney (can also be seen in pyelonephritis)

39. Excess bone demineralization and remodeling can be detected by checking urine levels of what substance?
Hydroxyproline (breakdown product of collagen)
C5- C9
Beryllium
Helicobacter pylori - Which is also associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma

40. Which IL increases IgA synthesis?
Tyramine
In the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus; it is stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
IL-5. It also stimulates eosinophil proliferation.
Hodgkin lymphoma

41. Aschoff bodies
None. Denaturation of dsDNA breaks hydrogen bonds - not covalent bonds.
Rheumatic fever
Area 6
Emphysema

42. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Uterine tube - uterus - cervix - and upper third of the vagina
Chromosome 3p
Wilms tumor
Paramesonephric ducts
Poststreptococcal GN

43. Protein production - bile secretion - detoxification - conjugation - and lipid storage.
Sj
Functions of hepatocytes
Sjogren's syndrome - active hepatitis - systemic lupus erythematosus (with HLA- DR2) and type 1 diabetes (with HLA- DR4)
An increase in the afterload decreases velocity; they are inversely related. (V equals 1 divided by afterload.)

44. What condition is characterized by a 46XY karyotype - testes present - and ambiguous or female external genitalia?
Male pseudohermaphrodite (dude looks like a lady!)
Average
Spermatid
L2 to L4 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)

45. Is bone deposition or resorption due to increased interstitial Ca2+concentrations?
2 ATPs - via the amino acyl tRNA synthase enzyme
Bone deposition increases with increased Ca2+ or PO 4- concentrations - whereas resorption (breakdown) is increased when there are low levels of Ca2+ or PO4-.
Excision endonuclease - which removes thiamine dimers from DNA
Are inactivated vaccines available in the United States

46. At what stage of psychosexual development (according to Freud) do children fear castration?
Necator americanus is treated with mebendazole and iron therapy.
Secondary hypocortisolism (pituitary)
Phallic stage (4-6 years)
Streptomycin

47. What color do fungi stain with PAS? Silver stain?
A low - resistance system is formed by resistors added in parallel.
Mitochondrial inheritance
Hot pink with PAS and grey to black with silver stain
Shifts it to the right

48. What bacteriostatic agent's side effect profile includes grey baby syndrome and aplastic anemia?
Diffuse proliferative GN
Chloramphenicol
Calicivirus
Area 8

49. What is the most common one? - Primary tumor of the liver
Hemangioma (benign)
Atrial filling (venous filling) Atrial - Contraction - Venous
Zinc (Zn) deficiency
Prader - Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome - respectively

50. What mineral - via excessive depositions in the liver - causes hemochromatosis?
When the intra - alveolar pressure equals zero - there is no airflow.
21-Beta- Hydroxylase deficiency leads to hypotension - hyponatremia - and virilization.
Iron (Fe)
Yellow fever (flavivirus)