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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reinke crystals
Middle meningeal artery
IL-7 (A 7 upside down is an L; L is for Lymphoid)
Homicide. It is also the leading cause of death in black females aged 15 to 24.
Leydig cell tumor
2. What two arteries join to form the superficial and deep palmar arches of the hand?
Ulnar and radial arteries (ulnar is the main supplier)
Metaplasia (usually to a more protective cell type)
Disulfiram
ater flows from a low - solute to high - solute concentrations.
3. On the venous pressure curve - What do the following waves represent? - C wave?
Ventricular contraction Atrial - Contraction - Venous
Carnitine acyl CoA transferase II
Folic acid deficiency
Giant cell tumor of the bone
4. What myopathy due to autoantibodies to ACh receptors can present with thymic abnormalities - red cell aplasia - and muscle weakness?
Alzheimer disease
C3a - C4a - C5a
IL-5. It also stimulates eosinophil proliferation.
Myasthenia gravis
5. Where is the last conducting zone of the lungs?
A low - resistance system is formed by resistors added in parallel.
Terminal bronchioles. (No gas exchange occurs here.)
Hyperplasia
Major
6. Name the type of graft described by these transplants: x From one species to another
P wave
Xenograft
Confidence interval. It is a way of admitting estimation for the population.
Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)
7. What paraphilia is defined as x Deriving sexual pleasure from being abused or in pain?
Left anterior descending artery
The interposed nucleus
Masochism
Rotavirus
8. All of the hormones in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland are...
SER
Water soluble
The dose of glipizide must be decreased in hepatic dysfunction. Glyburide's dose must be decreased in renal dysfunction.
Dihydropteroate synthetase
9. What is the most common one? - Solid tumor in children
Lithium
Neuroblastoma
P wave
Squamous cell carcinoma
10. What is the most common one? - Congenital heart defect in adults
ASD
Metaphase II
Sphingomyelinase
Glucose -6- phosphatase
11. Name the components of the femoral canal - working laterally to medially.
1. Flow independent of BP 2. Flow proportional to local metabolism 3. Flow independent of nervous reflexes
NAVEL: Femoral Nerve - Artery - Vein - Empty space - and Lymphatics/Lacunar ligament
At birth (reflex)
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis ('I Love Science' muscles)
12. What phase of Food and Drug Administration approval tests x The protocol and dose levels in a small group of patient volunteers?
Phase II
14 days
Loose association
The inner cortex (paracortex) contains the T cells - so it is considered the thymic - dependent area.
13. What is the name of the major chemotactic agent released from x Bacteria?
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
F- Met - Peptides
Class 1 (1A - 1B - and 1C)
Ketoconazole
14. What enzyme is deficient in the following glycogen storage disease? - Pompe's disease
Lysosomal a -1 - 4- glucosidase
It increases REM and total sleep time.
C5b - C9
High average
15. What three substances stimulate glycogenolysis?
1. Ca2+ : calmodulin ratio 2. Epinephrine 3. Glucagon
Dilation of afferent arteriole
Maxillary artery
Rubor (red) - dolor (pain) - calor (heat) - tumor (swelling); also sometimes there is loss of function
16. Name the cancer associated with the following chemical agents. (Some may have more than one answer.) x Nitrosamines
Gastric cancer
Atropine - 2- PAM (pralidoxime)
Lente insulin and either NPH or protamine zinc insulin (PZI)
Doxacurium
17. Are the following major or minor Jones criteria of rheumatic fever? - Erythema marginatum
H1 histones
Kayser - Fleischer rings
Major
Nodes of Ranvier
18. RBCs in the urine
CN IX - X - and XI; sigmoid sinus
Bladder carcinoma
Subdural hematoma is a rupture of the cerebral veins where they enter the superior sagittal sinus.
The concentration of plasma proteins determines effective osmolarity because capillary membranes are freely permeable to all substances except proteins.
19. Name these narcissistic defense mechanisms: x Not allowing reality to penetrate because afraid of becoming aware of painful aspect of reality.
Denial
Pancreatic cancer
Trypanosoma cruzi
AML- M3
20. What form of angina is characterized by x Coronary artery vasospasm - symptom occurrence at rest - ST segment elevation (during episode) - and no signs on ECG?
Frotteurism
Negative predictive value
Somatic motor neurons
Prinzmetal variant angina
21. What are the three end products of amylase digestion?
1. Maltose 2. Maltotetrose 3. a - Limit dextrans (a -1 - 6 binding)
CN IV
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Grasp proceeds release
22. Serious psychiatric illness is more common _______ than childbirth.
1. Glucagon 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. ATP
after abortion
Teratoma (dermoid cyst)
Left anterior descending artery
23. Name the ocular lesion; be specific - A right lateral compression of the optic chiasm (as in aneurysms in the internal carotid artery)
Stage 3 and 4 most commonly. It can occur at any stage in the sleep cycle and is usually associated with a major stressor being introduced into the home.
Sympathetic nervous system
Clostridium perfringens
Right nasal hemianopsia
24. What antitubercular agent causes loss of red - green visual discrimination?
Stratum lucidum
Amanita phalloides
Ethambutol
Ego dystonic
25. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Cytarabine
12 ATPs per acetyl CoA that enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle)
SA node; it is the reason it is the primary pacemaker of the heart.
EF- Tu and EF- Ts of the 30S ribosomal subunit
S phase
26. What happens to capillary oncotic pressure with dehydration?
In children - the fourth ventricle; in adults - the lateral ventricle or spinal cord
Megaloblastic anemia (decreased absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid)
Oncotic pressure increases because of the removal of water.
Dimorphic
27. What enzyme is deficient in patients with CGD?
With an increased depth of breathing both the total and alveolar ventilation increase. This concept is always tested on the boards - so remember it.
NADPH oxidase is deficient - resulting in an inability to produce toxic metabolites.
The rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
Mesencephalon
28. What are the three sites where CSF can leave the ventricles and enter the subarachnoid space? (Name the lateral and the medial foramina.)
Deficiency in surfactant
Scavenger receptor (SR- B1)
Two Lateral foramina of Luschka and 1 Medial foramen of Monroe (L for Lateral and M for Medial)
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of the muscularis externa - resulting in a narrowed pyloric outlet
29. What growth factors are chondrogenic - working on the epiphyseal end plates of bone?
Measles (rubeola)
Male pseudohermaphrodite (dude looks like a lady!)
Peau d'orange
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
30. Pseudorosettes
It is best to begin with open - ended questions - allowing patients to describe in their own words What troubles them. You can then move to closed - ended questions when narrowing the diagnosis.
If the polyuria begins before the collecting ducts - the patient is dehydrated and electrolyte depleted. If the polyuria originates from the collecting ducts - the patient is dehydrated with normal electrolytes.
Smooth muscle
Ewing sarcoma
31. What hormone controls relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing?
ASA
VIP is an inhibitory parasympathetic neurotransmitter that results in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Chromosome 4p
The placenta
32. What two cell lines of the immune system do not belong to the innate branch?
Flurazepam
Hypoglycemia for secretion and hyperglycemia for inhibition
Prader - Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome - respectively
T and B- cells belong to the adaptive branch - whereas PMNs - NK cells - eosinophils - macrophages - and monocytes belong to the innate branch.
33. Where is the greatest venous PO2 in resting tissue?
Renal circulation
Rhabdomyoma
When the intra - alveolar pressure equals zero - there is no airflow.
HBc Ab
34. The first sensory neuron is in the dorsal root ganglia. It carries ascending sensory information in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve - eventually synapsing with second sensory neuron. In the brainstem (DCML) and the spinal cord (spinothalamic) the s
Where the cell bodies for the DCML and spinothalamic sensory systems are...
IL-4
Bunyavirus
G0 phase
35. What is the most likely organism causing cellulitis in a patient who was cut by an oyster shell?
Inferior phrenic artery
Vibrio vulnificus
C4 (the upper border of the thyroid cartilage)
Jejunum (upper)
36. Name the most common type or cause - Nephritic syndrome in adults
MGN
1. Increased solubility 2. Increased concentration gradient 3. Decreased thickness of the membrane
Since CO2 is 24 times as soluble as O2 - the rate at which CO2 is brought to the membrane determines its rate of exchange - making it perfusion - limited a gas. For O2 the more time it is in contact with the membrane - the more likely it will diffuse
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
37. What component of an ECG is associated with the following? - Ventricular depolarization
Femoral hernias
Gastric carcinoma
reflexes
QRS complex
38. What is the stimulus for the classical pathway activation?
Akathisia
The splenic vein
Ag - Ab complexes. The alternative pathway protects without use of Abs; the pathogen is the stimulus.
Steroid synthesis - drug detoxification - triglyceride resynthesis - and Ca2+handling
39. Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information: Persistent hypnozoite liver stage with relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites; 48- hour fever spike pattern; the most prevalent form worldwide
Plasmodium vivax
Phenytoin
Phototherapy
Stapedius muscle
40. What enzyme is essential for the conversion of CO2 to HCO3-?
Unconjugated free bilirubin
Allelic exclusion. It is to ensure that one B cell produces only one Ab.
Virchow triad - associated with the formation of a thrombus.
Carbonic anhydrase
41. Based on the following information - is the renal transplantation rejection acute - chronic - or hyperacute? - Months to years after transplantation; gradual onset of HTN - oliguria - and azotemia; seen as intimal fibrosis of the blood vessels and in
Type IV collagen
Chronic rejection
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Standardized rate
42. What endocrine abnormality is characterized by the following changes in PTH - Ca2+ - and inorganic phosphate (Pi)? - PTH decreased - Ca2+ increased - Pi increased
Sensitivity (it deals with the sick)
Secondary hypoparathyroidism (vitamin D toxicity)
Tetany
1. Flow independent of BP 2. Flow proportional to local metabolism 3. Flow independent of nervous reflexes
43. What is the term for the strength of the association between Ag and an Ab?
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Short - chain fatty acids
Affinity (one of each)
DM - hypercholesterolemia - smoking - and HTN are major risk factors. Being male - obesity - sedentary lifestyle - homocysteine elevation - oral contraceptive pills - and genetics are minor risk factors for atherosclerosis.
44. What is the term for a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies or desires?
Myasthenia gravis
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Stapes artery
For males - HTN; for females - pregnancy.
45. What organ functions to keep blood glucose levels normal through both well - fed and fasting states and produces ketones in response to increased fatty acid oxidation?
Long - term memory is impaired in hippocampal lesions; it is spared in medial temporal lobe lesions.
Liver
Type II error (beta error). (Remember it as saying something doesn't work when it does.)
Clozapine
46. What picornavirus is associated with hand - foot - and - mouth disease?
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)
Unconjugated (indirect)
Desipramine
Coxsackie A
47. What is the role of the negative charge on the filtering membrane of the glomerular capillaries?
The negative charge inhibits the filtration of protein anions.
Inactivated
a - Methyldopa (Guanabenz or clonidine is also used.)
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative
48. What is the most common one? - Tumor arising within the bone
Leptospira
Multiple myeloma
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
49. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Vasodilation - bronchospasm - and increased vascular permeability
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
LTC4 - LTD4 - and LTE4
External abdominal oblique
Exhibitionism
50. Where does most circulating plasma epinephrine originate?
Compulsions. They are actions done to fix the bad thoughts. Obsessions are the thoughts.
From the adrenal medulla; NE is mainly derived from the postsynaptic sympathetic neurons.
Trimethoprim
Brucella and Listeria (has tumbling motility)
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