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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Are associated with poststreptococcal GN.
Selenium (Se)
1. Sweat glands 2. Arterioles 3. Veins
Protein A
Elevated ASO titers and serum complement levels
2. If the pH is more acidic than the pI - does the protein carry a net positive or net negative charge?
PKU
Amanita phalloides
Dominant temporal lobe
When the pH is more acidic than the pI - it has a net positive charge - and when the pH is more basic than the pI - it has a net negative charge.
3. What modified smooth muscle cells of the kidney monitor BP in the afferent arteriole?
Treacher Collins syndrome
Demeclocycline
The JG cells
Citrate - via the citrate shuttle
4. What linkage of complex CHOs does pancreatic amylase hydrolyze? What three complexes are formed?
Venlafaxine. (It also has a mild dopaminergic effect.)
Amylase hydrolyzes alpha -1 - 4- glucoside linkages - forming alpha - limit dextrins - maltotriose - and maltose.
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach
5. Where is the lesion that produces these symptoms when a patient is asked to look to the left? Neither eye can look left with a slow drift to the right
Left abducens nucleus or right cerebral cortex
Follicular phase
Escherichia coli
Middle
6. What is the most important determinant of drug potency?
CN V1 carries the sensory and CN VII carries the motor component of the blink reflex.
Nicotine (but it sure has a nasty withdrawal!)
ICF volume decreases when there is an increase in osmolarity and vice versa.
The affinity of the drug for its receptor
7. How long is the transit time through the large intestine?
3 to 4 days
Cryptococcus
Cut down (ever tried and failed?) Annoyed (criticism makes angry?) Guilty (about drinking behavior?) Eye opener (drinking to shake out the cobwebs?)
Eisenmenger syndrome - which can also occur with any left - to - right shunt
8. What complement factor deficiency leads to x Recurrent gonococcal infections?
Infection
Methicillin
Superior and middle
C5- C8 deficiency
9. Name the antidote - AChE inhibitors
Nystagmus is named by the fast component - Which is the corrective attempt made by the cerebral cortex in response to the initial slow phase.
1. Ca2+ : calmodulin ratio 2. Epinephrine 3. Glucagon
Hot pink with PAS and grey to black with silver stain
Atropine with pralidoxime
10. To What does failure to resolve separation anxiety lead?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Uracil
School phobia
Androgen - binding protein
11. What enzyme is blocked by hydroxyurea?
Lethal dose for 50% of drug takers (median lethal dose)
Minimal change disease
Ribonucleotide reductase
Anticipation
12. What is the term for the number of Ag - binding sites on an Ig?
Albinism. Tyrosine is converted to melanin by the enzyme tyrosinase.
A Ghon focus is a TB tubercle - whereas a Ghon complex is a focus with hilar lymph node involvement.
Stimulus control
Valence
13. What happens to affinity if you increase Km?
Affinity decreases; they are inversely proportional.
eEF-1
1. Glucagon 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. ATP
Rib 7 articulates with T7 and T8. Each rib articulates with the corresponding numerical vertebral body and the vertebral body below it.
14. Are white rami preganglionic or postganglionic fibers?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)
White rami are preganglionic fibers - whereas grey rami are postganglionic fibers.
nef and tat genes
15. Which M- protein strain of Streptococcus pyogenes is associated with acute glomerulonephritis?
M12 strains
Aspiration
Opsonization
Operant conditioning (reinforcement is after a response)
16. What protein - losing enteropathy has grossly enlarged rugal fold in the body and fundus of the stomach in middle - aged males - resulting in decreased acid production and an increased risk of gastric cancer?
M
Fo/F1 complex
a - Methyldopa (Guanabenz or clonidine is also used.)
Cytochrome a/a3
17. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Vincristine
Actinomyces israelii
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Chlamydia
Mitosis
18. Which major cell type is found in the red pulp of the spleen?
RBCs. That is why it is called red pulp.
ydroxyproline
X- linked recessive
catalase - negative
19. Which CNs act as the sensory and motor components of the gag reflex?
Brain - spleen - and kidney
Seminoma
The sensory limb is via CN IX - and the motor limb is from CN X.
Melanin
20. What frontal lobe cortex is associated with organizing and planning the intellectual and emotional aspect of behavior?
Need 3 panic attacks over 3 weeks (remember - they come out of the blue.)
Kimmelstiel - Wilson disease
Agents that decrease ACh function reduce tremors and rigidity - not bradykinesias.
Prefrontal cortex; it is in front of the premotor area.
21. Which centrally acting a2- adrenergic agonist is used in the treatment protocol of opioid withdrawal?
Hemangioblastoma
PTH increases Ca2+ reabsorption in the DCT of the kidney and decreases PO4- reabsorption in the PCT.
Clonidine
Eosinophils
22. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Labia minora
Calcium influx secondary to slow channel opening
It repeats every 90 to 120 minutes and correlates with elevated levels of motilin.
BPH. Although an argument can be made for prostatic cancer (you should expect a much higher PSA result) - these are buzzwords for BPH. Prostatic cancer is usually silent until late in the disease - when obstructive symptoms begin to occur.
Urogenital folds
23. What two AAs have a pKa of 10?
Urinary 17- ketosteroids
Streptococcus agalactiae
Eosinophil
Lysine and tyrosine
24. What is the rate - limiting step in the synthetic pathway of NE at the adrenergic nerve terminal?
CMV; Toxoplasma also causes intracerebral calcifications but it is a parasite.
N-5- methyl THF
Mitral insufficiency
The conversion of tyrosine to dopamine in the cytoplasm
25. If the occurrence of one event had nothing to do with the occurrence of another event - How do you combine their probabilities?
Since they are independent events - their probabilities would be multiplied.
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
ACL
The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
26. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in pyrimidine synthesis?
Aspartate transcarbamylase
GP41
Mitochondria - linked disorders are always inherited from the mother.
Ribozymes
27. What is the most common one? - Cancer of the esophagus in the world
Squamous cell carcinoma
Allopurinol
The greater the cell diameter - the greater the conduction velocity.
Ultralente
28. What aerobic branching rod that is gram positive and partially acid - fast is associated with cavitary bronchopulmonary disease in immunosuppressed patients?
Middle cerebral artery
CN III
IGF-1
Nocardia asteroides
29. What negative sense RNA virus is associated with cough - coryza - and conjunctivitis with photophobia?
Measles (rubeola)
Pubis - ilium - and ischium
14 L - 33% of body weight
Hyperpolarization (i.e. - K+ influx)
30. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Dacarbazine
Postductal coarctation of the aorta (adult)
Aspiration pneumonia
G0 phase
HBcAb IgG - HBV- DNA - HBeAg - HBsAg
31. How is the eye affected by use of opioids?
Bainbridge reflex
Subthreshold potential
With opioid use the pupils become pinpoint (miosis) because of increased cholinergic activity.
von Hippel - Lindau syndrome
32. What Ig activates the complement cascade most efficiently?
Anterior compartment of the thigh - femoral nerve
IgM
Eosin
Hypervariable region
33. Name the GLUT transporter based on the following: x Found in liver and pancreatic Beta- cells
GLUT 2
Inhibited orgasm
Scrotal cancer - due to the high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Multiple myeloma
34. How many days prior to ovulation does estradiol peak in the menstrual cycle?
Superego
Squamous cell carcinoma
2 days prior to ovulation
Reticulocyte
35. What paraphilia is defined as x Combining sex with defecation?
emancipates
Testicular lymphoma
Coprophilia
Chief cell adenoma (80%)
36. What are the five pieces of information considered necessary for fully informed consent?
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37. What Enterobacteriaceae are prone to produce osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?
Carbamazepine
Salmonella
60%
Argyll Robertson pupils
38. What is the only vein in the body with a high O2 content?
The pulmonary vein - which carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium.
Testicular lymphoma
They are inversely related. If ventilation increases - there will be a decrease in PCO2 levels and vice versa.
DNA polymerase I
39. What test is done to diagnose CGD?
Superior
Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). It is negative in patients with CGD because there is no production of oxygen radicals.
Negative
Rifampin
40. In the water deprivation test - does a patient with reduced urine flow have primary polydipsia or diabetes insipidus?
Keratinocytes - the most numerous cells in the epidermis - carry melanin and produce keratin.
Rho-immunoglobin
Primary polydipsia; patients with diabetes insipidus will continue to produce large volumes of dilute urine.
Gap junctions
41. What are the long microvilli in the inner ear and male reproductive tract called?
ELISA screens and Western blot confirms the diagnosis.
Mitral valve prolapse
Cancer
Stereocilia
42. What form of renal tubular reabsorption is characterized by low back leaks - high affinity of a substance - and easy saturation? It is surmised that the entire filtered load is reabsorbed until the carriers are saturated - and then the rest is excret
NO!! Remember - only a judge can commit a patient. A physician can detain a patient (maximum is for 48 hours).
Pituitary adenoma
Smoking
A transport maximum (Tm) system
43. What complement factor or factors are associated with x Chemotaxis?
Topoisomerase I (Relaxase)
C5a
Taenia solium
Physiologic antagonism
44. Name the aphasia based on these characteristics: x Both Broca's and Wernicke's areas damaged by lesion in the presylvian speech area; trouble repeating statements; poor comprehension with telegraphic speech
With an increased depth of breathing both the total and alveolar ventilation increase. This concept is always tested on the boards - so remember it.
Rubor (red) - dolor (pain) - calor (heat) - tumor (swelling); also sometimes there is loss of function
Global aphasia
Chemotaxis
45. What are the most common causes of osteomyelitis x Overall?
Arch of the aorta
Staphylococcus aureus
Expressive aphasia
Copper
46. Where in the spinal cord are the presynaptic opioid receptors?
Afterload
VPL nucleus sends its fibers to synapse in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord on the primary afferent neurons
VLDL
47. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Diarrhea associated with raw or undercooked shellfish
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Amygdala; it helps imprint an emotional response in memory.
Clostridium botulinum
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
48. What bactericidal agents are resistant to Beta- lactamases and are used to treat in - hospital life - threatening infections?
Arginine
Imipenem and meropenem
Copper (Cu+)
The triad of respiratory depression - pinpoint pupils - and coma in an IV drug abuser suggests opioid overdose (e.g. - heroin) - and you should give naloxone.
49. What testicular tumor of infancy is characterized by elevated - fetoprotein levels and Schiller - Duval bodies?
Yolk sac tumor
Fibrocystic change of the breast
Metabolic rate and alveolar ventilation (main factor)
Burkitt lymphoma
50. Why is the clearance of creatinine always slightly greater than the clearance of inulin and GFR?
Because creatinine is filtered and a small amount is secreted
Chromosome 13
Increase in ECF osmolarity means a in decrease in ICF osmolarity - so cells shrink.
Nystagmus is named by the fast component - Which is the corrective attempt made by the cerebral cortex in response to the initial slow phase.
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