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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the most common one? - Benign GI tumor
DNA polymerase - d
Leiomyoma
ELISA screens and Western blot confirms the diagnosis.
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
2. What AR disease involves a defect in AA 508 on chromosome 7 - causing a defect in Cl - transportation that leads to recurrent pulmonary infections and an increase in viscid mucoid secretions along with pancreatic insufficiencies?
Cystic fibrosis. (Parents are usually the first to find out because the baby tastes salty.)
Permanent
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
Ewing's sarcoma
3. Name the area of the cerebral cortex with the function described: x Motivation - memory - emotions - violent behaviors - sociosexual behaviors - conditioned responses
Rickets
Zonula occludens (tight junctions)
Limbic system
CN II is the sensory limb and CN III is the motor component through parasympathetic stimulation.
4. Does physiologic splitting of the first heart sound occur during inspiration or expiration? Why?
1. CNS 2. Renal tubules 3. Beta Islet cells of the pancreas 4. RBCs 5. GI mucosa
Serratia
Splitting of the first heart sound occurs during inspiration because of the increased output of the right ventricle - delaying the closure of the pulmonic valve.
von Gierke's disease
5. What phobia is described as the fear of open spaces?
Femoral nerve
Agoraphobia. It also means having a sense of humiliation or hopelessness.
Superior and posterior
Meningococcus (Gonococcus does not)
6. Prevents restriction endonuclease from cutting its own chromosomes.
Methylation of bacterial DNA
ACE inhibitors (the - pril agents)
Radial Immuno Diffusion (RID) for Ig levels.
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
7. What IL is essential for lymphoid cell development?
IL-7 (A 7 upside down is an L; L is for Lymphoid)
Secondary hypothyroidism/pituitary (Low TSH results in low T4 and increased TRH because of lack of a negative feedback loop.)
GLUT 4
Superior and posterior
8. Name the most common one - Chromosomal disorder
Graves disease (Increased T4 decreases TRH and TSH through negative feedback.)
Bacteria
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
C1 inhibitor (C1- INH)
9. What is the function of the cerebellum?
Sphingosine
Thymine
Planning and fine - tuning of voluntary skeletal muscle contractions. (Think coordination.) Remember - the function of the basal ganglia is to initiate gross voluntary skeletal muscle control.
Argyll Robertson pupils
10. What CN carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the viscera of the neck - thorax - foregut - and midgut?
CN X (Remember - the vagus nerve supplies the parasympathetic information from the tip of the pharynx to the end of the midgut and all between.)
Increase in ECF osmolarity means a in decrease in ICF osmolarity - so cells shrink.
IgE
Tertiary hypothyroidism/hypothalamic (Low TRH causes all the rest to be decreased because of decreased stimulation.)
11. Name the macrophage based on its location: x Connective tissue macrophages
Churg - Strauss syndrome
Heterochromatin - the light stuff in the nucleus on an electron microscope image.
Histiocytes
Axon hillock
12. Name the MCC of death - In diabetic individuals
Membrane conductance (think conductance = channels open)
Hepadnavirus
IgA
MI
13. What pancreatic islet cell tumor is associated with hypoglycemia - sweating - hunger - confusion - and increased C- peptide levels?
Malpighian layer (made up of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum)
38 ATPs if aerobic - 2 ATPs if anaerobic (36 ATPs[malate shuttle] + 4 ATPs[Glycolysis] - 2 ATPs[phosphorylate glucose] = 38 ATPs)
Insulinoma
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
14. What ocular muscle x Elevates and adducts the eyeball?
Lead poisoning
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Vibrio vulnificus
Superior rectus (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
15. Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed - Auditory toxicity
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
Medulla blastoma
Vancomycin
Lysine and arginine
16. With what virus are Downey type II cells associated?
EBV
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
Excess lead
Yes. In a negatively skewed distribution the mean is greater than the median is greater than the mode.
17. What limb of the internal capsule is not supplied by the middle cerebral artery?
Metformin
Anterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.
DHEA (androgens) Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
Type II symptoms (negative); otherwise healthy persons have them - but schizophrenics do not.
18. What Ig is the major protective factor in colostrum?
Voltage - gated channel
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
IgA
IGF-1
19. What ethnic group has the highest adolescent suicide rate?
Native Americans
More Ab is produced in less time in a secondary immune response (shorter lag period).
Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome
The main drive shifts from central chemoreceptors (CSF H+) to peripheral chemoreceptors monitoring low PO2 levels.
20. What is the name of the major chemotactic agent released from x The blood serum? (Hint: it is a complement factor.)
Vitamin A is responsible for vision and epithelial health.
The portal tract of the liver lobule
refuse
C5a
21. In what layer of the epidermis is melanin transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes?
Alcoholism
Aldolase B deficiencies are treated by eliminating fructose from the diet.
Stratum spinosum
A positive AV difference indicates that a substance is extracted by the organ - and a negative difference indicates that it is produced by the organ.
22. What attaches the cusps of the valves to the papillary muscles in the heart?
Interferons
Rhabdovirus
Bactericidal
Chordae tendineae
23. What pattern of genetic transmission is characterized by no transmission from M - maternal inheritance - and the potential for the disease to affect both sons and daughters of affected F?
Anticipation
Mitochondrial inheritance
Hematoxylin
Ascaris lumbricoides
24. What antiepileptic agent has SIADH as a side effect?
Adjustment disorder. It is a diagnosis of exclusion (used if no other choice).
Hemorrhagic exudates
1. Nails 2. Hair 3. Sweat glands (both apocrine and sebaceous)
Carbamazepine
25. How far below ideal body weight are patients with anorexia nervosa?
At least 15%
Pneumocystis carinii
Squamous cell carcinoma
Schistosoma haematobium
26. What germ cell tumor is seen in the 15- to 35-year - old age group - peaks when the person is 35 years of age - and is a bulky mass that spreads via the lymphatic system?
There are no valves and no smooth muscle in the walls of the veins in the face.
Renin
Seminoma
Four high energy bonds - two from ATP in AA activation and two from GTP
27. Name the GLUT transporter based on the following: x Found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues
Criterion - referenced tests. You need a certain number correct to pass (e.g. - the USMLE).
Dyslexia
GLUT 4
Theca cells secrete estrogen. After fertilization the theca cells form from the theca interna.
28. Which prophylactic asthmatic agent is an antagonist of LTD4?
Iatrogenesis
Peroxidase - Which is also needed for iodination and coupling inside the follicular cell
Zafirlukast
61 codons code for AAs and 3 codons (UAA - UGA - UAG) code for the termination of translation.
29. What are the three sites where CSF can leave the ventricles and enter the subarachnoid space? (Name the lateral and the medial foramina.)
Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase
A low - resistance system is formed by resistors added in parallel.
The energy of activation
Two Lateral foramina of Luschka and 1 Medial foramen of Monroe (L for Lateral and M for Medial)
30. ADH is secreted in response to What two stimuli?
The fasciculus cuneatus
ADH is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity and decreased blood volume.
Stage fright (discrete performance anxiety)
Hepatitis C
31. What potentially fatal disease occurs in children who are given aspirin during a viral illness?
Reye syndrome
1. ADP 2. PG 3. TXA2
Exposure
Rhombencephalon
32. What fungus is urease positive?
Cryptococcus
Proud flesh
Ag processing; it is needed for class I molecules. Class II molecules have an invariant chain that protects them from breakdown.
No - you never refuse to treat a patient simply because he or she can't pay. You are a patient advocate.
33. What pathophysiologic disorder is characterized by the following changes in cortisol and ACTH? - Cortisol decreased - ACTH increased
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34. What paraphilia is defined as x Deriving sexual pleasure from watching others having sex - grooming - or undressing?
Superior and anterior
Hurler syndrome and Hunter syndrome - respectively
Voyeurism
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
35. Which overdose carries a higher mortality rate - that of benzodiazepines or barbiturates?
Gastrin - releasing peptide (GRP) stimulates G cells to release Gastrin. (All G's)
Bernard - Soulier syndrome
Barbiturate overdose and benzodiazepine withdrawal carry the highest mortality rates.
Flurazepam
36. What is the reservoir for the togavirus?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Birds
Transcription (C comes before L in the alphabet - and transCription comes before transLation)
Mitral valve prolapse
37. What type of scheduled reinforcement states that after a desired response - the reinforcement is given x After a set number of responses?
Chlamydia psittaci
Heart disease
Alveolar macrophages
Fixed ratio (rewards set behaviors)
38. Where is the action potential generated on a neuron?
Liver - kidney - and GI epithelium
Axon hillock
One - and it provides the energy for mechanical contraction.
Cancer of the lung - stomach - colon - and breast
39. Name the associated chromosomal translocation - Ewing sarcoma
1. Sleep paralysis 2. Hypnagogic hallucinations (while falling asleep) 3. Sleep attacks with excessive daytime sleepiness 4. Cataplexy (pathognomonic) Narcolepsy is a disorder of REM sleep - with REM occurring within 10 minutes of sleep.
NSAIDs
Chromosome 11 - 22
G2 phase
40. What type of hernia is described as passing through the deep lateral ring of the inguinal canal?
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41. What is the DOC for Beta- blocker - induced bronchospasms?
>10 mm
Ipratropium
P wave
Histamine
42. Name the type of graft described by these transplants: x From one person to the next (the same species)
Down syndrome
Allograft
LTB4
Thymic epithelial cells - dendritic cells - and macrophages
43. Name the following descriptions associated with bacterial endocarditis: x Retinal emboli
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T- cell lymphoma)
Hormone secretion for T- cell differentiation and T- cell education to recognize self from nonself
1. Skin color 2. Heart rate 3. Reflexes 4. Muscle tone 5. Respiratory rate APGAR - Appearance - Pulse - Grimace - Activity - Respiration
Roth spots
44. Name the antidote - Copper
Isoniazid treatment
Smooth muscle
D- Penicillamine
total body water
45. What wave is the cause of the following venous pulse deflections? - The contraction of the right atrium
REM sleep. Remember - awake brain in a sleeping body.
wave
Cytochrome a/a3
Exposure
46. What component of the inner ear x Contains endolymph and gravity receptors monitoring linear acceleration and deceleration of the head - noting changes in head position?
Utricle and saccule
Cyclothymia (nonpsychotic bipolar). Patients are ego syntonic.
Zero correlation
Foramen of Winslow
47. Name the nephritic disease based on the immunofluorescent staining - Mesangial deposits of IgA and C3
It forms a germinal tube at 37
Trichophyton
Neologisms. Thomas Jefferson noted - 'Necessity obliges us to neologize.' (Abnormal use of neologisms is known as neolalism.)
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
48. What is the lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio in respiratory distress syndrome of newborns?
<2
Catechol - O- methyl transferase (COMT)
During a lumbar puncture the needle passes through the interlaminar space in the midline of L3- L4 - with the tip of the iliac crest in the flexed position as the landmark. Order of puncture: 1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia 3. Deep fascia 4. Supraspino
Oxytocin
49. What is the biochemical trigger for REM sleep?
HMG- CoA reductase
Increased ACh to decreased NE levels. (NE pathway begins in the pons and regulates REM sleep.)
Lesch - Nyhan syndrome
Gardnerella vaginalis
50. What water - soluble - vitamin deficiency is associated with neural tube defects in the fetus?
Folic acid
Squamous cell carcinoma
Middle meningeal artery
Phallus
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