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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What happens to the resistance of the system when a resistor is added in a series?
Kawasaki disease
Thymic epithelial cells - dendritic cells - and macrophages
Resistance of the system increases. (Remember - when resistors are connected in a series - the total of the resistance is the sum of the individual resistances.)
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach

2. Are the following major or minor Jones criteria of rheumatic fever? - Migratory polyarthritis
The enzyme lysyl oxidase requires Cu2+and O2 to function properly.
Major
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative
Ethyl alcohol

3. What are the first signs of overdose from phenobarbitals?
Gubernaculum
Kupffer cells
Nystagmus and ataxia
HHV 6

4. What is the term for involuntary constriction of the outer third of the vagina to prevent penile penetration?
Procainamide
Vaginismus; it is the female counterpart of premature ejaculation.
Cirrhosis
Mallory- Weiss syndrome

5. What is the most common one? - Malignancy of the female genital tract
Endometrial cancer
Translation
Proximal to distal progression
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

6. What preganglionic sympathetic fibers are responsible for innervating the foregut and the midgut?
1. HPV 2. EBV 3. Hepatitis B 4. Kaposi sarcoma
Thoracic splanchnic fibers
Internal iliac nodes
The one start codon - AUG - in eukaryotes codes for methionine and in prokaryotes formylmethionine.

7. Which way will the O2 dissociation curve shift with the addition of 2 - 3- bisphosphoglycerate (2 - 3- BPG) to adult hemoglobin (Hgb)?
Herpes II
Your duty is to tell the patient - not the family. The patient decides who gets to know and who doesn't - not you.
Shifts it to the right
B lymphocyte

8. How many milliliters of O2 per milliliter of blood?
Pelvic splanchnics (They all begin with P.)
0.2
Sheehan syndrome
The cupola of the lung is posterior to the subclavian artery and vein. It is the reason one must be cautious when performing subclavian venipuncture.

9. Which genus of dermatophytes is associated with the following sites of infection? - Skin - hair - and nails
White muscle; short term too
Trichophyton
Global aphasia
0.21; it is a fancy way of saying 21% of the air is O2.

10. With what stage of sleep are nightmares associated?
Niemann - Pick disease
Reiter syndrome
REM sleep. Nightmares are frightening dreams that we recall.
Twelve pairs through twelve thoracic vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

11. Projectile nonbilious vomiting and a small knot at the right costal margin (olive sign) are hallmarks of What embryonic disorder?
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Missense
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of the muscularis externa - resulting in a narrowed pyloric outlet
Microcytotoxic assay

12. Craniopharyngiomas are remnants of what?

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13. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Barbiturates
Nasal polyps - rhinitis - and aspirin hypersensitivity
Complex I
Type 2
Gardnerella vaginalis

14. What cells of the epidermis - derived from the neural crest - act as mechanoreceptors?

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15. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Descending aorta
Pergolide
No - it is used in chronic treatment of gout to decrease the uric acid pools in the body.
Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
Posterior

16. Name the associated chromosomal translocation - CML
Area 17
Chromosome 9 - 22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
Fixed ratio (rewards set behaviors)
To provide attachment between contiguous cells and to maintain a semipermeable barrier

17. Does the zygote divide mitotically or meiotically?
Thyroarytenoid muscles
6 weeks 10 weeks
PDA
The zygote divides mitotically; only germ cells divide meiotically.

18. Notching of the ribs - seen on chest radiograph in patients with postductal coarctation of the aorta - is due to collateralization of What arteries?
Dilation of the internal mammary arteries results in erosions on the inner surface of the ribs and is seen as notching.
Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla)
Homogentisate oxidase deficiency is seen in patients with alcaptonuria.
Adipose tissue

19. What hormones - secreted in proportion to the size of the placenta - are an index of fetal well - being?
Hypervariable region
hCS and serum estriol - which are produced by the fetal liver and placenta - respectively - are used as estimates of fetal well - being.
Stapes artery
Hirschsprung's disease (colonic gangliosus)

20. What happens to intraventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric contraction?
unprocessed Ags
As the name indicates - there is no change in volume but there is an increase in pressure.
Trichomonas vaginalis (treat with metronidazole)
a - Methyldopa (Guanabenz or clonidine is also used.)

21. The vertebral artery is a branch of What artery?
GLUT 4
The subclavian artery
Aschoff bodies of rheumatic fever
Vmax

22. What is pumped from the lumen of the ascending loop of Henle to decrease the osmolarity?
NaCl is removed from the lumen to dilute the fluid leaving the loop of Henle.
Choriocarcinoma
Graves disease (Increased T4 decreases TRH and TSH through negative feedback.)
LH

23. What is the most common one? - Germ cell tumor of the ovary
EF- Tu and EF- Ts of the 30S ribosomal subunit
Dysgerminoma
Neutrophils - eosinophils - and basophils
1. CNS 2. Renal tubules 3. Beta Islet cells of the pancreas 4. RBCs 5. GI mucosa

24. What seronegative spondyloarthropathy is seen in HLA- B27- positive young men - involves the sacroiliac joints - has no subcutaneous nodules - and has a bamboo spine appearance on radiograph?
Ankylosing spondylitis
None; they are the storage sites for ADH and oxytocin.
Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome
Fixation (arrested development)

25. What coronary artery vasculitis is seen in Japanese infants and children less than 4 years old with acute febrile illness - conjunctivitis - maculopapular rash - and lymphadenopathy?
CN VII
Kawasaki disease
Procainamide
The Palmar interosseus ADducts - whereas the Dorsal interosseus ABducts (PAD and DAB)

26. Anhedonia - lack of motivation - feelings of worthlessness - decreased sex drive - insomnia - and recurrent thoughts for at least 2 weeks - representing a change from previous level of function - describes what disorder?
Unipolar disorder (major depression)
The death of a spouse. The higher the score - the greater the risk of developing an illness in the next 6 months.
Albinism
1. CNS 2. Renal tubules 3. Beta Islet cells of the pancreas 4. RBCs 5. GI mucosa

27. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Third ventricle
Proencephalon
Anopheles mosquito
Shortens
Herpesvirus

28. What three substrates control the enzyme PEPCK for the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to pyruvate in the cytoplasm?
Epinephrine
Motor
1. Cortisol (stimulates PEPCK) 2. Glucagon 3. GTP
Bactericidal

29. What is the only NSAID that causes irreversible inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway?
ASA
Hypertrophic scar
Osteosarcoma
No - it is used in chronic treatment of gout to decrease the uric acid pools in the body.

30. What muscle or muscles are innervated by the following nerves? - Thoracodorsal nerve
Latissimus dorsi
Primary hypoaldosteronism (Addison's disease)
Blastoconidia
Esophagus and esophageal nerve plexus (CN X) Remember: 1 at T8 - 2 at T10 - and 3 at T12

31. Which mycoplasma species is associated with urethritis - prostatitis - and renal calculi?
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Staphylococcus aureus
IgE
NADPH oxidase is deficient - resulting in an inability to produce toxic metabolites.

32. What test is used to detect anti - RBC Abs seen in hemolytic anemia?
Dendrites receive information - whereas axons send information.
Coombs test
LTB4
EBV

33. What case is known as 'let nature take its course'?
Imipenem and meropenem
Infant Doe. Generally - parents cannot forego lifesaving treatment - but this case states that there are exceptions to the rule.
First M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
C3 - C4 - and C5 keep the diaphragm alive!

34. Are always open.
Visceral pleura
Ungated channels
Rigors - leukopenia - decrease in blood pressure - and increase in temperature
Upper third skeletal muscle - middle third both skeletal and smooth muscle - and lower third smooth muscle

35. Name the macrophages by location: x Lungs
Anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum
Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome
Alveolar macrophages
T lymphocyte

36. The elimination of the unfertilized egg. In females - meiosis II is incomplete unless fertilization takes place.
Parasympathetics (parasympathetics point - sympathetics shoot)
Orbitomedial frontal lobe
Menses
Limbic system

37. What disorder - experienced more than half of the time for a 6- month period - is described as being fearful - worrisome - or impatient and having sleep disturbances - poor concentration - hyperactivity - and an overall sense of autonomic hyperactivi
Generalized anxiety disorder
The fasciculus cuneatus
HBsAg (incubation period)
Factitious disorder

38. What nematode is known as threadworms? What is the treatment?
Strongyloides stercoralis is treated with thiabendazole.
d - Tubocurarine
Menstruation
Variable interval

39. What lower extremity nerve is described by the following motor loss? - Loss of flexion of the knees and toes - plantarflexion - and weakened inversion
Tibial nerve
Aversive conditioning
Spironolactone
Para - aminohippurate (PAH)

40. What type of hypersensitivity is an Ab - mediated response against our own cells - receptors - or membranes via IgG or IgM?
Jejunum (upper)
1. Epinephrine synthesis 2. Phosphatidyl choline 3. Creatine 4. Methylation of cytosine 5. N- methyl cap of mRNA
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
P1 protein

41. Is a membranous septal defect more commonly interventricular or interatrial?
Pulmonary shunt (i.e. - pulmonary embolism)
Herpesvirus
Membranous septal defects are interventricular; a persistent patent ovale results in an interatrial septal defect.
The junction where the anterior communicating and anterior cerebral arteries join. As the aneurysm expands - it compresses the fibers from the upper temporal fields of the optic chiasm - producing bitemporal inferior quadrantanopia

42. Name the type of necrosis - Seen as dead tissue with liquefactive necrosis?
1. Maltose 2. Maltotetrose 3. a - Limit dextrans (a -1 - 6 binding)
Areas 5 and 7
Rho (D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) - an anti - RhD IgG antibody - prevents generation of RhD- specific memory B cells in the mother.
Liquefaction necrosis

43. What subunit of hCG is used to detect whether a patient is pregnant?
Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase
The Beta- subunit; remember - the a - subunit is nonspecific.
Staphylococcus
H2PO4- (dihydrogen phosphate)

44. Name the cluster C personality disorder: x Gets others to assume responsibility - is subordinate - and is fearful of being alone and caring for self
Area 17
Left eye anopsia (left nasal and temporal hemianopsia)
Dependent
IgG

45. Increased urinary excretion of what substance is used to detect excess bone demineralization?
Pentoxifylline
Superficial spreading melanoma
ydroxyproline
No. It is abnormal only if it interferes with normal sexual or occupational function.

46. What area of the hypothalamus is responsible for recognizing a decrease in body temperature and mediates the response to conserve heat?

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47. What ovarian disease involves psammoma bodies?
Cholera toxin irreversibly activates the cAMP- dependent chloride pumps of the small and large intestine - producing a large volume of chloride - rich diarrhea.
Pygmalion effect (experimenter expectancy). This can be eliminated with double - blind studies.
Serocystadenocarcinoma
Chlamydia

48. What protein - losing enteropathy has grossly enlarged rugal fold in the body and fundus of the stomach in middle - aged males - resulting in decreased acid production and an increased risk of gastric cancer?
M
Frameshift
Integrase
Citrate - via the citrate shuttle

49. If a mother delivers a Rho - positive baby - she should receive...
Arthroconidia with hyphae
45XO
Indirect or unconjugated
Rho-immunoglobin

50. Name the components of the femoral canal - working laterally to medially.
Senile plaques - neurofibrillary tangles - and granulovascular changes in neurons
Bcl -2
Cohort studies determine incidence and causality - not prevalence.
NAVEL: Femoral Nerve - Artery - Vein - Empty space - and Lymphatics/Lacunar ligament