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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What element is needed for the proper alignment of tropocollagen molecules?
Chromosome 1
Reovirus
Cardiac muscle
Copper (Cu+)

2. Name the associated chromosome - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chromosome 12
Conidia
Size
Right atrium

3. Name the ocular lesion; be specific - Right calcarine cortex lesion
Sideroblastic anemia
Molluscum contagiosum
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Pancreatic delta - cell tumors inhibit CCK secretion

4. What hormones - secreted in proportion to the size of the placenta - are an index of fetal well - being?
Flumazenil
hCS and serum estriol - which are produced by the fetal liver and placenta - respectively - are used as estimates of fetal well - being.
Menses
Transcription factor IID

5. What enveloped RNA retrovirus infects CD4 T cells and uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
HIV
Metastatic calcification
Median nerve
Obstructive lung disorders. The opposite changes (where you see decrease exchange it for increase and vice versa) are seen in a restrictive pattern.

6. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Third ventricle
Proencephalon
Necrophilia
Rhombencephalon
HPV serotypes 6 and 11

7. What hemoflagellate species is the cause of Chagas disease?
Bernard - Soulier syndrome
Thiogalactoside transacetylase
Trypanosoma cruzi
Right vagus innervates the SA node and the left vagus innervates the AV node

8. What negative sense RNA virus is associated with parotitis - pancreatitis - and orchitis?
Haloperidol and fluphenazine (but use of any high - potency phenothiazine runs the risk of EPS)
Mumps
Hypervariable region
Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease

9. What neurotransmitter is essential for maintaining a normal BP when an individual is standing?
HBc Ab
von Gierke's disease
NE - via its vasoconstrictive action on blood vessels
Serocystadenocarcinoma

10. What is the most common one? - Type of PUD
PTH
The stapedius muscle
Duodenal ulcers (4 times as common as gastric)
Dihydrofolate reductase

11. What is the most common site for implantation of the blastocyst?
On the superior body of the posterior wall of the uterus
Albendazole
Epstein - cardiac anomaly of the tricuspid valve
Third week; they are derived from the wall of the yolk sac.

12. Which class of antihypertensives produces angioedema - hyperkalemia - and a dry cough?
ACE inhibitors (the - pril agents)
Avoidant
The granule cell. Its neurotransmitter is glutamic acid - Which is also the principal neurotransmitter of the visual pathways.
Maxillary artery

13. Have catalase.
Negative predictive value
Streptococci
LH
1. Recognize self from nonself 2. Amplify via cell division or complementation 3. Control the level of the response 4. Remove foreign material

14. What is the term for the potential difference across a cell membrane?
Transmembrane potential (an absolute number)
Long thoracic nerve. To avoid confusing long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic artery: long has an n for nerve; lateral has an a for artery.
Hirschsprung's disease (colonic gangliosus)
Lente or NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin)

15. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in purine synthesis?
PRPP aminotransferase
Preload (the load on the muscle in the relaxed state)
Axis I
Left atrial myxoma

16. What very aggressive lung cancer metastasizes early and is associated with smoking and paraneoplastic syndromes?
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)
HIV and poxvirus
Down syndrome (it is slightly more common than fragile X syndrome.)

17. What statistical test checks to see whether the groups are different by comparing the means of two groups from a single nominal variable?
Haloperidol and fluphenazine (but use of any high - potency phenothiazine runs the risk of EPS)
The T- test (used when comparing two groups)
1. Bunyavirus 2. Orthomyxovirus 3. Arenavirus 4. Reovirus Remember BOAR
Skeletal muscles

18. What is the term for transverse bands on the fingernails seen in patients with chronic arsenic poisoning?
Malpighian layer (made up of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum)
Breast
Upper third skeletal muscle - middle third both skeletal and smooth muscle - and lower third smooth muscle
Mees lines

19. What nematode is known as threadworms? What is the treatment?
Strongyloides stercoralis is treated with thiabendazole.
Peroxidase - Which is also needed for iodination and coupling inside the follicular cell
Mesonephric duct
Outside the cell

20. Which streptococcal species is characterized by being catalase negative - turning bile esculin agar black - producing a positive PYR test - and resulting in biliary and urinary tract infections?
Enterococcus (Streptococcus faecalis)
Barrett esophagus has an increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
RSV
Mesencephalon

21. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Amount of air in the lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume (RV)
Silent
Sickle cell anemia - Caisson disease - chronic steroid use - and Gaucher disease
Sucralfate

22. Regarding the Lac operon - for What do the following genes code? - Z gene
Beta- Galactosidase
Membranous septal defects are interventricular; a persistent patent ovale results in an interatrial septal defect.
Multiple myeloma
Negative selection. This helps to prevent autoimmune diseases.

23. Where are the lowest resting PO2 levels in a resting individual?
Ptosis (eyelid drooping) - miosis (pupillary constriction) - and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) occur when the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1- to T4 are obstructed.
Coronary circulation
Proximal tubule
Herpes virus I and II

24. What sweat gland type is associated with odor production and hair follicles and is found in the axilla?
APocrinE glands (APES is my memory aid) Axilla - Areola - and Anus all begin with A. APES are hairy (associated with hair follicles). They smell (odor production) - and if confronted by an APE - your Adrenergic nervous system would be firing (innerva
Diethylcarbamazine
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Hypochondriasis (they will begin with 'I think I have...')

25. Name the most common type or cause - Cyanotic heart disease
Alveolar macrophages
Escherichia coli
Tetralogy of Fallot
Regression

26. What area of the spleen consists of splenic cords of Billroth and phagocytoses RBCs?
Separation anxiety
TCR
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)
Posterior compartment of the leg - tibial nerve

27. What is the key issue surrounding teenagers' maturation?
Seven - eighths of nephrons are cortical - with the remainder juxtamedullary.
Formation of an identity through issues of independence and rebellion; they define who they are.
Albinism. Tyrosine is converted to melanin by the enzyme tyrosinase.
1. Cefotetan 2. Cefoxitin 3. Ceftizoxime

28. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Aortic arch
Gardnerella vaginalis
Jejunum (upper)
Superior
epithelial lining

29. Regarding the venous system - what happens to blood volume if there is a small change in pressure?
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH)
Esophagus - SVC - vagus nerve - azygos vein - thoracic duct - thymus - and phrenic nerve
Because the venous system is more compliant than the arterial vessels - small changes in pressure result in large changes in blood volume.
Somatoform disorder

30. What is the DOC for severe infections with Sporothrix - Mucor - Histoplasma - Cryptococcus - Candida - and Aspergillus?
Amylase hydrolyzes alpha -1 - 4- glucoside linkages - forming alpha - limit dextrins - maltotriose - and maltose.
unprocessed Ags
Amphotericin B
Polycystic ovaries

31. What segment of the gastrointestinal tract lacks villi - has crypts - and actively transports sodium out of its lumen?
Long - term memory is impaired in hippocampal lesions; it is spared in medial temporal lobe lesions.
Large intestine. Water is passively removed from the lumen.
Catatonic schizophrenia
Selegiline

32. Name the phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle: x Cells cease replicating (i.e. - nerve cell)
G0 phase
Mentally disabled
Valence
Levator palpebrae superioris

33. What is the only DNA virus that does not replicate its DNA in the nucleus of the host cell?
Osmosis; water will diffuse from higher to lower water concentrations.
Scrofula
Poxvirus replicates its DNA in the cytoplasm.
Mesencephalon

34. Name the thalamic nucleus based on its input and output - Input from the mammillary bodies via the mammillothalamic tract and the cingulated gyrus; output to the cingulated gyrus via the anterior limb of the internal capsule
Superior rectus (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
Anterior nuclear group (Papez circuit of the limbic system)
Adenosine (it is an excellent agent to use in emergencies because its half - life is 30 seconds)
DNA polymerase - d

35. Name these anxiety defense mechanisms: x Use of explanations to justify unacceptable behaviors.
Rationalization
Urinary trigone
Since CO2 is 24 times as soluble as O2 - the rate at which CO2 is brought to the membrane determines its rate of exchange - making it perfusion - limited a gas. For O2 the more time it is in contact with the membrane - the more likely it will diffuse
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

36. What complement factor or factors are associated with x Opsonization?
Surface tension; in the alveoli - it is a force that acts to collapse the lung.
Histoplasma capsulatum
C3b
Proximal to distal progression

37. What is the term for failure to give up infantile patterns of behavior for mature ones?
Chloramphenicol
Fixation (arrested development)
Confidence interval. It is a way of admitting estimation for the population.
Negative

38. The DSM- IV- TR is scored on the basis of five axes of diagnosis. In What axis would you place x Clinical disorders (e.g. - schizophrenia)?
Albendazole
A Ghon focus is a TB tubercle - whereas a Ghon complex is a focus with hilar lymph node involvement.
Axis I
CD28

39. What sphingolipid is formed by the union of serine and palmitoyl CoA?
Sphingosine
AT II
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) is a LMN lesion at the level of the lesion and UMN lesion below the level of the lesion.
Heparin - intrinsic pathway - PTT; warfarin - extrinsic pathway - PT (mnemonic: hPeT - wPiTT)

40. What is your diagnosis of a young - thin asymptomatic female with a midsystolic click on cardiac auscultation?
Pterygopalatine ganglion (I remember this as the only ganglion left.)
Mitral valve prolapse
Chloramphenicol
Positive correlation

41. What vessel can be found atop the scalene anterior?
Subclavian vein
Being single
Hgb F
Actinomyces israelii

42. Name the stages of sleep with these EEG patterns: x Sleep spindles - K- complexes
Bordetella pertussis
Id
Secondary hyperthyroidism (Increased TSH results in increased T4 production and increased negative feedback on to hypothalamus and decreased release of TRH.)
Stage 2

43. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Vasodilation
Pulmonary alveolar macrophages
PGD2 - PGE2 - and PGF 2
Granulosa cells
Brief psychotic disorder. (In schizophreniform disorder the symptoms last longer than 6 months.)

44. What antihistamine is used in the treatment of serotonergic crisis?
N- Acetylcysteine
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
C5- C9
Cyproheptadine

45. What remains patent in a hydrocele of the testis - allowing peritoneal fluid to form into a cyst?
A patent processus vaginalis
Superior and middle
Hepatocytes lack the enzyme succinyl CoA acetoacetyl CoA transferase (thiophorase).
Adenocarcinoma

46. Which hepatitis B Ag correlates with infectivity and viral proliferation?
Pneumotaxic center (short - fast breaths)
HBeAg
An increase in serum glucose levels
1. Bunyavirus 2. Orthomyxovirus 3. Arenavirus 4. Reovirus Remember BOAR

47. What is the most common one? - Valve abnormality associated with rheumatic fever
Mitral valve stenosis
Cingulate gyrus herniation (subfalcine)
Size
Relative risk and/or attributable risk. (Cohort studies deal with incidence.)

48. What antitubercular agent requires vitamin B6 supplementation?
1. Fructokinase 2. Glucokinase 3. Glycerol kinase 4. PEPCK 5. Pyruvate carboxylase 6. Galactokinase 7. Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase 8. Glucose -6- phosphatase
Transtentorial (uncal)
Isoniazid
Osmosis; water will diffuse from higher to lower water concentrations.

49. What component of the trigeminal nuclei x Supplies the muscles of mastication?
Frontal lobe syndrome (lesion in the prefrontal cortex)
Motor nucleus of CN V
Scavenger receptor (SR- B1)
Leydig cell tumor

50. If inserting a needle to perform a pleural tap or insertion of a chest tube - do you use the inferior or the superior border of a rib as your landmark? Why?
Mantle cell lymphoma
Cholera toxin irreversibly activates the cAMP- dependent chloride pumps of the small and large intestine - producing a large volume of chloride - rich diarrhea.
The superior border of the inferior intercostal rib is your landmark for a pleural tap because along the inferior border of each rib is the neurovascular bundle - and you would risk injury if you went below the rib.
None. Denaturation of dsDNA breaks hydrogen bonds - not covalent bonds.