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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which trematode is associated with bladder carcinoma in Egypt and Africa?
LH has no effect on the production of adrenal androgens; ACTH stimulates adrenal androgen production.
Schistosoma haematobium
Antisocial
AML- M3

2. How far below ideal body weight are patients with anorexia nervosa?
1. a - Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase 3. Transketolase Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) functions as a coenzyme vital to tissue respiration. It is required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl - coenzyme A -
Glutamate dehydrogenase
H 2
At least 15%

3. Which Streptococcus pyogenes toxin is immunogenic?
Streptolysin O
Stratum lucidum
Arch of the aorta and right subclavian artery
Amyl nitrate - sodium nitrate - or sodium thiosulfate

4. What three actions should take place when one person threatens the life of another? (Hint: think of the Tarasoff decision.)
1. Notify police. 2. Try to detain the person making the threat. 3. Notify the threatened victim.
Areas 18 and 19
Lateral medullary (Wallenberg's) syndrome
refractory sexual periods

5. What is released from the mitochondria to trigger apoptosis?
Cytochrome c
It increases REM and total sleep time.
Oxazepam - temazepam - and lorazepam (OTL) (mnemonic: Outside The Liver). They undergo glucuronide conjugation - not via the cytochrome p450 system.
Rathke's pouch; they can result in compression of the optic chiasm.

6. What remains patent in a hydrocele of the testis - allowing peritoneal fluid to form into a cyst?
total body water
RNA polymerase III
t the end of the PCT 25% of Na+ - Cl - - K+ is left
A patent processus vaginalis

7. What DNA virus is associated with heterophile - negative mononucleosis?
CMV; remember - EBV is associated with heterophile - positive mononucleosis.
TCR
They are all formed by the fifth month of fetal life.
TXA2

8. Why isn't the incidence of a disease decreased when a new treatment is initiated?
Digoxin is renally eliminated; digitoxin is hepatically eliminated.
AT II
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
The primitive streak grows caudal to rostral.

9. What cell type is commonly elevated in asthma?
Eosinophil
Paradoxic emboli most commonly enter the arteries through a patent septal defect in the heart.
Reliability (think of it as 'nice grouping' or 'precise')
Staphylococcus

10. In an adrenergic nerve terminal - Where is dopamine converted to NE? By what enzyme?
Nephrotoxicity
Folate deficiency (very common in the elderly)
Dopamine is converted into NE in the vesicle via the enzyme dopamine - Beta - hydroxylase.
Affinity decreases; they are inversely proportional.

11. Schiller - Duval bodies
0.2
Langerhans cells
All are lactose fermenters except Yersinia and Proteus.
Yolk sac tumor

12. Based on the onset of the symptoms - how are bacterial conjunctivitis from Neisseria and Chlamydia differentiated?
Chromosome 5 - 21
Flutamide
The onset of symptoms for Neisseria gonorrhea conjunctivitis is 2 to 5 days - whereas onset of symptoms for Chlamydia trachomatis is 5 to 10 days.
Corticospinal tract

13. What two ligaments of the uterus are remnants of the gubernaculum?
CN III - VII - IX - and X
Round and ovarian ligaments
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

14. What Hgb - derived endogenous pigment is found in areas of hemorrhage or bruises?
Arthroconidia with hyphae
Hemosiderin
Clozapine
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

15. Inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
Primary follicle (in the white pulp)
A transport maximum (Tm) system
Papovavirus
Cortisol

16. Name the bony articulations of the following sites. Be specific - Shoulder
Varicocele
Clavicle - acromion - and glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus
Stercobilin
Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency

17. Name the most common type or cause - Chronic metal poisoning
Niemann - Pick disease
EBV
Lead
Vmax

18. What nerve or nerves supply general sensation and taste to the posterior third of the tongue?
CN XI and X
Helicase (requires ATP for energy)
Stable (Labile cells proliferate throughout life; stable cells have a low level of proliferation; and permanent cells as the name states - do not proliferate.)
Succinate dehydrogenase

19. Name the Hgb - O2 binding site based on the following information: x Remains attached under most physiologic conditions
Burkitt lymphoma
Trimethoprim
Site 1
Tertiary hypothyroidism/hypothalamic (Low TRH causes all the rest to be decreased because of decreased stimulation.)

20. What autoimmune syndrome is characterized by keratoconjunctivitis - corneal ulcers - xerostomia - and an increased risk of high - grade B- cell lymphomas? What two Ab tests are used in making the diagnosis?
Histamine
Lingual nerve of CN V3
Sj
The short arm of chromosome 6

21. Is linolenic acid an omega -3 or omega -6 fatty acid?
Omega -3; linoleic is omega -6
Acamprosate (the number of glutamate receptors increases with chronic alcohol abuse)
Breast and lung cancer - respectively.
Theca cells secrete estrogen. After fertilization the theca cells form from the theca interna.

22. How does myelination affect conduction velocity of an action potential?
Turner syndrome
Renshaw neuron
Senile plaques - neurofibrillary tangles - and granulovascular changes in neurons
The greater the myelination - the greater the conduction velocity.

23. What part of a neuron receives information?
Fc portion of IgG - C3b - and mannose - binding proteins
Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla)
Microvillus
Dendrites receive information - whereas axons send information.

24. What type of erythema do you see in x Stevens - Johnson syndrome?
REM and stage 4 sleep; they decrease.
Erythema multiforme
Protease - integrase - and reverse transcriptase
Gubernaculum

25. What three lung measurements must be calculated because they cannot be measured by simple spirometry?
TLC - FRC - and RV have to be calculated. (Remember - any volume that has RV as a component has be calculated.)
CN VI - VII - and VIII
Infliximab
1. Skin 2. Liver 3. Kidney

26. Name these cluster A personality disorders: x Odd - strange; has magical thinking; socially isolated - paranoid - lacks close friends; has incongruous affect
Schizotypal
G2 phase
Brain - spleen - and kidney
Ampulla

27. What two regions of the vertebral column are considered primary curvatures?
Thoracic and sacral
In the tuberoinfundibular pathway - dopamine release will decrease prolactin release - Which is why dopamine agonists are used in the treaatment of hyperprolactinemic states.
N- Acetylcysteine
1. Tinea coli 2. Haustra 3. Epiploic appendages

28. Name the insulin preparation based on the peak effect and duration of action - Peak - 8 to 16 hours; duration - 24 to 36 hours
Membrane conductance (think conductance = channels open)
Gain of hypotonic fluid (water intoxication or hypotonic saline)
Ultralente
IDL

29. Clue cells are associated with which organism that causes vaginal discharge?
Alanine and glutamine
Gardnerella vaginalis
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
Phallus

30. Are the JG cells of the nephron a part of the afferent or efferent arteriole?
Ileum
Dysmetria; this is seen in a finger - to - nose test.
The conus medullaris terminates at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Afferent arteriole

31. What two sugars can be used to produce cerebrosides?
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of the muscularis externa - resulting in a narrowed pyloric outlet
Paramyxovirus
Glucose and galactose

32. Name the type of mutation: x New codon specifies for a stop codon
Nonsense
Transitional epithelium. The distal portion of the penile urethra is composed of stratified epithelium.
Phase II
Positive

33. What pathophysiologic disorder is characterized by the following changes in cortisol and ACTH? - Cortisol increased - ACTH decreased
Metronidazole
Blastoconidia
Primary hypercortisolism
1 day prior to ovulation

34. What area of the limbic system is responsible for attaching emotional significance to a stimulus?
Amygdala; it helps imprint an emotional response in memory.
Loose association
Chromosome 5 - 21
Parasites

35. What is the most common one? - Primary malignant tumor of the lungs
Taenia solium
Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)
Lung and bronchus cancer
Male pseudohermaphrodite (dude looks like a lady!)

36. Could an overdose with either zolpidem or zaleplon be reversed with flumazenil?
PGE2
Anterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.
Yes - because they both activate the BZ1- receptors - which can be reversed by flumazenil.
HBsAg (incubation period)

37. Which drugs bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfere with the initiation complex - causing a misreading of mRNA?
A positive AV difference indicates that a substance is extracted by the organ - and a negative difference indicates that it is produced by the organ.
Aminoglycosides
Small to medium - sized cerebral vessels
Sigmoid colon

38. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Hydroxyurea
Site 4
Naloxone - naltrexone
1. Sartorius 2. Gracilis 3. Semitendinous
S phase

39. What two AAs have a pKa of 4?
Metronidazole
Lithium
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

40. Methylating uracil produces what pyrimidine base?
Promotes systemic venous return into the chest and increases the caliber and volume of the pulmonary vessels
Thymine
Biotin (only if eaten in large quantities)
Renal failure

41. What type of jaundice is seen in Dubin - Johnson syndrome?
Rifampin
Dapsone
Adenovirus
Conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia - a transport defect

42. What is the major hormone produced in the following areas of the adrenal cortex? - Zona fasciculata
Cortisol Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
The thyroid gland
Meningococcus (Gonococcus does not)
Urinary 17- OH steroids

43. Name the most common type or cause - Spontaneous pneumothorax
Emphysematous bleb
Superior
a1- Receptors
>5 mm

44. What cells of the retina sees in color and needs bright light to be activated?
Primary hypoaldosteronism (Addison's disease)
G0 phase
ALA dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase
Cones (C for color and cones)

45. How many segments in a neutrophilic nucleus are necessary for it to be called hypersegmented?
At least 5 lobes
common variable hypogammaglobinemia
The rate of Beta- oxidation
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

46. What scale has a true zero point - graded into equal increments - and also orders them?
GH
Levator palpebrae superioris
Ratio scale
Breast

47. What muscle acts in all ranges of motion of the arm?
Chromosome 13
Ch
Deltoid
The vaccine contains 23 capsular polysaccharides.

48. What enzyme is inhibited by sulfonamides?
Chlortetracycline
Dihydropteroate synthetase
Metanephros
Tip of the loop of Henle (1200 mOsm/L)

49. During What embryonic week do somites begin to form?
Pertussis toxin
Rho-immunoglobin
Areas 1 - 2 - and 3
Third week

50. What enzyme is inhibited by disulfiram?
Gonads
Anopheles mosquito
Decreases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

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USMLE Step 1 Prep

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