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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed - Teratogenicity
Histiocytes
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Glutamine
Metronidazole

2. What are the three end products of amylase digestion?
Stable
1. Maltose 2. Maltotetrose 3. a - Limit dextrans (a -1 - 6 binding)
The poly(A) site on the DNA
6 weeks 10 weeks

3. What is the label given to an individual whose IQ is x 80 to 89
Low average
Sleepwalking is associated with stage 4 and occurs most often in the first third of sleep.
Diazoxide
When the pH is more acidic than the pI - it has a net positive charge - and when the pH is more basic than the pI - it has a net negative charge.

4. What part of the ANS (i.e. - PNS or CNS) controls the constriction of the pupil in response to light?
Proximal to distal progression
Parasympathetic
No. It is abnormal only if it interferes with normal sexual or occupational function.
Somatic motor neurons

5. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Bloody diarrhea associated with hamburger ingestion
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
Diastole. During systole the left ventricle contracts - resulting in intramyocardial vessel compression and therefore very little blood flow in the coronary circulation.
Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis
Scrotal cancer - due to the high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

6. Because of their vasodilation action - these cause migraines.
RNA polymerase II
At least 30% blast in the bone marrow
P24
Ergotamines

7. What endocrine abnormality is characterized by the following changes in PTH - Ca2+ - and inorganic phosphate (Pi)? - PTH decreased - Ca2+ increased - Pi increased
Chromosome 3p
Humor
Secondary hypoparathyroidism (vitamin D toxicity)
Adenosine (it is an excellent agent to use in emergencies because its half - life is 30 seconds)

8. In what disease do you see horseshoe kidneys - rockerbottom feet - low - set ears - micrognathia - and mental retardation?
Diffusion rate is indirectly proportional to membrane thickness and is directly proportional to membranes surface area.
Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)
Minoxidil (orally and topically - respectively!)
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral artery

9. Which fungus is found worldwide on plants - is a cigar - shaped yeast in tissue form - and results in rose gardener's disease?
Sporothrix schenckii
Posterior
Neisseria meningitides
Ligament teres

10. What is the only neuroleptic that does not cause an increase in weight or appetite?
Large segment deletions
Impotence
Enkephalins
Molindone

11. What is the most stressful event as determined by the Holmes and Rahe scale?
The death of a spouse. The higher the score - the greater the risk of developing an illness in the next 6 months.
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Ventromedial nucleus; lesions here result in obesity.
Berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis

12. At what stage of sleep is GH output elevated?
Secondary hypoparathyroidism (vitamin D toxicity)
When showing two pictures in rapid succession - you split the pictures half a second apart - resulting in the second picture masking the first (indicating poor short - term memory). This is seen in nearly 33% of schizophrenic patients.
Stage 4
Glioblastoma multiforme

13. Which benzodiazepine has the longest half - life?
Acetyl CoA (pyruvate to acetyl CoA)
Third week
Flurazepam
Chromosome 22q

14. What is the name of the postganglionic parasympathetic ganglion that innervates x The submandibular and sublingual glands?
The submandibular ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion innervates the submandibular gland; easy enough.)
Projective drawing. The artistic form is irrelevant - but the size - placement - erasures - and distortions are relevant.
Schizoid
Anorgasmia. (The overall prevalence is 30%.)

15. What Enterobacteriaceae are prone to produce osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients?
Breathing high - pressure nitrogen over a long time and sudden decompression result in the bends.
Mode
Salmonella
9.3 L - 15% of body weight

16. What is the name of the B cell that secretes Ig?
Plasma cell (mature B lymphocyte)
Dapsone
Motor
Ovarian cancer

17. What is the most common one? - Site of pancreatic cancer
Lysosomal a -1 - 4- glucosidase
Head of the pancreas
Nystagmus and ataxia
EBV

18. What cell type of the bone has PTH receptors?
pH of 2 and 9
Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome
Erectile dysfunction
Osteoblasts - which in turn stimulate osteoclasts to break down bone - releasing Ca2+ into the interstitium. (Remember - blasts make - clasts take.)

19. What is the term for the rate measured for a subgroup of a population?
Vitamin A
Specific rate (e.g. - men aged 55-60)
Fever - night sweats - and hemoptysis
Dapsone

20. Name the thalamic nucleus based on its input and output - Input from the optic tract; output projects to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe
H 1
Areas 5 and 7
LGB (think EYES)
Mumps

21. What ocular muscle x Elevates and abducts the eyeball?
Alkaline phosphatase
Brucella and Listeria (has tumbling motility)
Inferior Oblique (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
The ECF compartment always enlarges when there is a net gain in total body water and decreases when there is a loss of total body water. Hydration status is named in terms of the ECF compartment.

22. What growth factors are chondrogenic - working on the epiphyseal end plates of bone?
Osteosarcoma
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
Common peroneal nerve
Laminin

23. Why is the cell's resting membrane potential negative?
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.
Heparin - intrinsic pathway - PTT; warfarin - extrinsic pathway - PT (mnemonic: hPeT - wPiTT)
Right - sided valves
Menses

24. Which type of hepatitis is a picornavirus?
ELISA screens and Western blot confirms the diagnosis.
Osteoblasts (Remember - they modulate the function of osteoclasts.)
Hepatitis A (infectious)
T3 increases both heart rate and cardiac output by increasing the number of Beta - receptors and their sensitivity to catecholamines.

25. What viruses are associated with cervical carcinoma?
The alveolar PO2 and PCO2 levels
T3 increases both heart rate and cardiac output by increasing the number of Beta - receptors and their sensitivity to catecholamines.
Ag processing; it is needed for class I molecules. Class II molecules have an invariant chain that protects them from breakdown.
HPVs 16 and 18

26. What syndrome is characterized by the triad of renal tubular acidosis - nephrosis - and amino aciduria?
Fanconi - like syndrome
Hematogenous
Selective erectile disorder
VIP is an inhibitory parasympathetic neurotransmitter that results in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

27. Increases your risk of suicide.
Supraoptic nuclei; lesions here result in diabetes insipidus.
Being single
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide and dorzolamide)
AT II

28. What tumor constitutes 40% of testicular tumors in children?
Potter facies
Teratoma
von Gierke's disease
Filovirus

29. Are the following conditions associated with a negative or positive nitrogen balance? - Pregnancy
Cefuroxime and cefaclor
Head of the pancreas
Positive
Aspiration pneumonia

30. What is the period between falling asleep and REM sleep called?
Neutropenia - splenomegaly - and rheumatoid arthritis
Cardiac muscle
REM latency; normally it is about 90 minutes.
Spermatid

31. What are the only two picornaviruses that do not lead to aseptic meningitis?
Rhinovirus and hepatitis A virus
Polycystic ovary disease (Stein - Leventhal syndrome)
Uracil
Succinate dehydrogenase

32. Name these mature defense mechanisms: x Helping others without expecting any return
In the PNS - myelin is produced by Schwann cells - in the CNS by oligodendrocytes.
Kidney
Altruism
High - frequency sound waves

33. How many segments in a neutrophilic nucleus are necessary for it to be called hypersegmented?
Reinforcement
At least 5 lobes
Cytochrome a/a3
1. Cough 2. Coryza 3. Conjunctivitis

34. What drug - if given during pregnancy - would cause the uterus to exhibit signs of progesterone withdrawal and induce an abortion?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
RU 486
Lipoxygenase pathway - from arachidonic acid
Lateral rectus (CN VI) (LR6 SO4)3

35. Name the most common type or cause - Hematologic cause of papillary necrosis
When calcium is removed from troponin and pumped back into the SR - skeletal muscle contraction stops.
Sickle cell disease
1. Fibrillary protein 2. Amyloid protein 3. Glycosaminoglycans
Foods rich in tyramine (e.g. - cheese - dried fish - sauerkraut - chocolate - avocados - and red wine) should be avoided. Hypertensive crisis occurs when tyramine and MAOIs are mixed.

36. What disease involves microcephaly - mental retardation - cleft lip or palate - and dextrocardia?
Substituted judgment. It is made by the person who best knows the patient - not the closest relative.
Ganglioside
Vitamin A is responsible for vision and epithelial health.
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

37. What toxicities are caused by the following agents? - Methoxyflurane
1. 7- methyl guanine cap on the 5' end 2. Addition of the poly(A) tail to the 3' end 3. Removal of introns
Staphylococcus aureus
Medial meniscus
Nephrotoxicity

38. What aminoglycoside causes disruption of CN I?
Trypsin
Ciliary ganglion producing a tonic pupil
Streptomycin
Dissociative fugue. (Patients are unaware of memory loss.)

39. What is the most common one? - Location of a gastric ulcer
Pseudogout
Turner syndrome
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach
Iron deficiency anemia

40. What specifies how accurately the sample values and the true values of the population lie within a given range?
Confidence interval. It is a way of admitting estimation for the population.
Vitamin A is responsible for vision and epithelial health.
GH - especially IGF-1. GH also increases the incorporation of thymidine in DNA synthesis and uridine in RNA synthesis.
Effective dose for 50% of drug takers (median effective dose)

41. What is the respiratory compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?
Foods rich in tyramine (e.g. - cheese - dried fish - sauerkraut - chocolate - avocados - and red wine) should be avoided. Hypertensive crisis occurs when tyramine and MAOIs are mixed.
Alanine and glutamine
Measurement bias
Hypoventilation - which increases CO2 - shifting the reaction to the right and increasing H+

42. Is there more circulating T3 or T4 in plasma?
Minocycline
IVC Remember: 1 at T8 - 2 at T10 - and 3 at T12
T4; because of the greater affinity for the binding protein - T4 has a significantly (nearly fifty times) longer half - life than T3.
The sensory component is through the superior laryngeal nerve - and the motor limb is via the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

43. Name these immature defense mechanisms: x Psychic feelings converted to physical symptoms
Brucella
Somatization
Insulin increases total body stores of protein - fat - and CHOs. When you think insulin - you think storage.
Stratum corneum (keratinized)

44. What tumor marker is associated with seminomas?
Beta2- Adrenergic agents
Placental alkaline phosphatase
Transverse abdominis
Renin

45. What is the term for black pigmentation of the colon associated with laxative abuse?
Pygmalion effect (experimenter expectancy). This can be eliminated with double - blind studies.
Vital capacity (VC)
Melanosis coli
Laminin

46. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Gartner's duct
Because the venous system is more compliant than the arterial vessels - small changes in pressure result in large changes in blood volume.
Mesonephric duct
Recall bias. These problems arise in retrospective studies.
Astrocytoma

47. What statistical test compares the means of many groups (>2) of a single nominal variable by using an interval variable?
IL-8. It not only is chemotactic - it also acts as an adhesive for neutrophils.
Ritodrine and terbutaline
Rubor (red) - dolor (pain) - calor (heat) - tumor (swelling); also sometimes there is loss of function
One - way ANOVA

48. What is the term for fibrinoid necrosis of the arterioles in the kidney secondary to malignant hypertension?
Hydroxyapatite
Onion skinning
Syncytiotrophoblast. (The cytotrophoblast gets incorporated into the syncytiotrophoblast.)
Labile

49. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Pain and fever
PGE2
Purulent exudates
Antidigoxin Fab fragments
Phase 4; ACh hyperpolarizes the cell via increasing potassium conductance - taking longer to reach threshold and slowing the rate of firing.

50. What condition is defined by both testicular and ovarian tissues in one individual?
Glucocerebrosidase
Periaortic lymph nodes
Primary spermatocyte
True hermaphrodism