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USMLE Step 1 Prep
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is used to detect Abs in a patient?
IgA
Semipermeable membrane; a selectively permeable membrane allows both water and small solutes to pass through its membrane.
Anopheles mosquito
Direct fluorescent Ab test
2. Could an overdose with either zolpidem or zaleplon be reversed with flumazenil?
Nondominant parietal lobe
The primitive streak grows caudal to rostral.
Enterococcus faecalis
Yes - because they both activate the BZ1- receptors - which can be reversed by flumazenil.
3. Name the associated chromosome - Neurofibromatosis type 2
Lateral compartment of the leg - superficial peroneal nerve
Stages 3 and 4 (NREM)
Chromosome 22q
Toxic dose for 50% of drug takers (median toxic dose)
4. What muscle keeps the stapes taut against the oval window?
Stapedius muscle
Being single
C4 (the upper border of the thyroid cartilage)
Action potential
5. What is the term for failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum?
Cryptorchidism; normally the testes descend into the scrotum within 3 months of birth.
Osler nodes
Nucleus pulposus
Cilia
6. What statistical method do you use when analyzing x Case control studies?
Increased erection and libido
Free - unprocessed Ag
Labioscrotal swelling
Odds ratio. (Case control studies deal with prevalence.)
7. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Atractyloside
The greater the myelination - the greater the conduction velocity.
Area 6
ATP/ADP Translocase
The lung will expand; also the opposite is true.
8. What is the term to describe basophils that have left the bloodstream and entered a tissue?
Carbamazepine
Mast cells
C5b - C9
IgM
9. What is the name of the benzodiazepine antagonist used in the treatment of an overdose?
Choriocarcinoma
A positive AV difference indicates that a substance is extracted by the organ - and a negative difference indicates that it is produced by the organ.
Insulin
Flumazenil
10. What enzyme is deficient in alkaptonuria?
IgA
Fading
Hurler syndrome and Hunter syndrome - respectively
Homogentisic oxidase
11. There are no persistent infections with...
naked viruses
Residual volume (RV)
Radial Immuno Diffusion (RID) for Ig levels.
Posterior compartment of the thigh - tibial nerve
12. Name the most common type or cause - Childhood heart disease in the United States
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
Chlortetracycline
Congenital heart disease
Impotence
13. What syndrome is due to anti - GBM Abs directed against the lung and kidneys?
Goodpasture syndrome
Thyroid gland
LH
At the beginning of splay is when the renal threshold for glucose occurs and the excess begins to spill over into the urine.
14. How many strains of Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharides are present in the vaccine?
Tryptophan
The vaccine contains 23 capsular polysaccharides.
Limbic system
Sympathetic chain ganglion
15. What do the following values indicate? - ED50
Occulta All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
Systematic desensitization
Stable
Effective dose for 50% of drug takers (median effective dose)
16. What protein prevents ssDNA from reannealing during DNA replication?
Single - strand DNA binding protein
Coxsackie B
HBcAb IgM - HBV- DNA - HBeAg - HBsAg
PGE (along with low oxygen tension)
17. In what form is excess folate stored in the body?
Ovarian cancer
Left homonymous hemianopsia
N-5- methyl THF
Selegiline
18. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Chemotactic for neutrophils
Psoriasis - ankylosing spondylitis - inflammatory bowel disease - and Reiter's syndrome
Mumps and influenza virus
LTB4
Class 1 (1A - 1B - and 1C)
19. Does light or darkness regulate the pineal gland?
Plasma cell (mature B lymphocyte)
Because the venous system is more compliant than the arterial vessels - small changes in pressure result in large changes in blood volume.
Nystagmus is named by the fast component - Which is the corrective attempt made by the cerebral cortex in response to the initial slow phase.
Light regulates the activity of the pineal gland via the retinal - suprachiasmatic - pineal pathway.
20. What artery travels with the following veins? - Small cardiac vein
Right coronary artery
Temporal arteritis
Area 17
Somatic motor neurons
21. What is the major stimulus for cell division in chondroblasts?
Need 3 panic attacks over 3 weeks (remember - they come out of the blue.)
IGF-1
C3a - C4a - C5a
Vibrio cholera
22. What primary acid - base disturbance is cause by a decrease in alveolar ventilation (increasing CO2 levels) resulting in the reaction shifting to the right and increasing H+ and HCO3- levels?
G-6- PD deficiency
Anterior nuclear group (Papez circuit of the limbic system)
Urogenital folds
Respiratory acidosis (summary: high CO2 - high H+ - slightly high HCO3-)
23. What CN is associated with the sensory innervation of x Laryngopharynx?
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
Isoniazid treatment
Vagus nerve
3' end. Phosphate (PO4) is at the 5' end.
24. What wave is the cause of the following venous pulse deflections? - The rise in right atrial pressure secondary to blood filling and terminating when the tricuspid valves opens
Eclipse period
Intention tremor; it is a sign of cerebellar lesions. A tremor at rest (i.e. - pill rolling) is seen in basal ganglia lesions.
1. One cell type 2. One Ab type 3. Random selection of hypervariable regions - and only cells with bound Ag undergo clonal expansion
V wave
25. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - Fibrin
Serocystadenoma
Pelvic splanchnics (They all begin with P.)
Eosin
Breast
26. What is the most stressful event as determined by the Holmes and Rahe scale?
Small cell cancer of the lung
The death of a spouse. The higher the score - the greater the risk of developing an illness in the next 6 months.
PGI 2
For males - HTN; for females - pregnancy.
27. What is the most common organ involved in amyloidosis?
1. Autoimmune hypersplenism 2. Trauma 3. Anemia 4. Spherocytosis 5. Sickle cell anemia
alpha - Cells; glucagon has stimulatory effects on - cells and inhibitory effects on - cells.
Kidney
Listeria monocytogenes
28. What two ligaments of the uterus are remnants of the gubernaculum?
Rhinoviruses for summer and fall; coronaviruses for winter and spring
IgM; IgD follows shortly thereafter.
Round and ovarian ligaments
Chromosome 5p
29. What abdominal muscle contributes to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath - forms the inguinal ligament - and in men gives rise to the external spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord?
Crossover study
External abdominal oblique
Chi - square (when you are in doubt and have nominal data - use chi - square)
Selection bias
30. Is increased in 21-Beta- hydroxylase deficiency.
Renin secretion
Cortisol levels increase. Lymphocyte levels decrease in sleep - deprived individuals.
enveloped
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
31. What cells of the epidermis carry the pigment melanin?
First - order elimination
Somatic motor neurons
Keratinocytes - the most numerous cells in the epidermis - carry melanin and produce keratin.
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal - middle colic - right colic - ileocolic - and 10 to 15 intestinal arteries
32. What are the two chains of the TCR that are mainly found on the skin and mucosal surfaces?
Thyroid hormones are necessary for conversion of carotene to vitamin A.
gamma and delta chains
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The inner cortex (paracortex) contains the T cells - so it is considered the thymic - dependent area.
33. Name the cancer associated with the following tumor markers. (Some may have more than one answer.) x CEA
Roth spots - and they are seen in bacterial endocarditis.
VLDL
Cancer of the lung - stomach - colon - and breast
Tamoxifen
34. The DSM- IV- TR is scored on the basis of five axes of diagnosis. In What axis would you place x Personality and mental disorders?
Axis II
During stage 3 and 4 (remember - it is called deep sleep.)
MEN II and III syndromes
Gonads
35. What drug is an M1- specific antispasmodic?
1. Covalent bonding between the hapten and carrier 2. B- cell exposure to hapten twice 3. T- cell exposure to carrier twice
Pirenzepine
HPV
The fasciculus cuneatus
36. What term is described as the prestretch on the ventricular muscle at the end of diastole?
Preload (the load on the muscle in the relaxed state)
Ego syntonic
Metaproterenol and albuterol
The carotid body - which monitors arterial blood directly
37. What part of the heart forms x Apex?
Tip of the left ventricle
Mast cells
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Histamine
38. What part of the heart forms x Diaphragmatic wall?
Corticospinal tract
38 ATPs if aerobic - 2 ATPs if anaerobic (36 ATPs[malate shuttle] + 4 ATPs[Glycolysis] - 2 ATPs[phosphorylate glucose] = 38 ATPs)
PGD2 - PGE2 - and PGF 2
Left ventricle and tip of right ventricle
39. How does sympathetic stimulation to the skin result in decreased blood flow and decreased blood volume? (Hint: what vessels are stimulated - and how?)
Serocystadenocarcinoma
LCO - an index of lung surface area and membrane thickness - is decreased in fibrosis because of increased membrane thickness and decreased in emphysema because of increased surface area without increase in capillary recruitment; in exercise there is
PGE2 and PGF2a
A decrease in cutaneous blood flow results from constriction of the arterioles - and decreased cutaneous blood volume results from constriction of the venous plexus.
40. Name the most common type or cause - Erysipelas
Prostatic carcinoma
Streptococcus pyogenes
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Ceftriaxone
Aortic stenosis
41. What two forces affect movement of ions across a membrane?
Plummer - Vinson syndrome
Alzheimer disease
Paget disease of the breast
Concentration force and electrical force
42. What three muscles constitute the pes anserinus?
1. Sartorius 2. Gracilis 3. Semitendinous
Cilia
Stable
H 1
43. Name the associated chromosomal translocation - Ewing sarcoma
Major basic protein
Tolcapone and entacapone
HBsAb IgG
Chromosome 11 - 22
44. If inserting a needle to perform a pleural tap or insertion of a chest tube - do you use the inferior or the superior border of a rib as your landmark? Why?
The superior border of the inferior intercostal rib is your landmark for a pleural tap because along the inferior border of each rib is the neurovascular bundle - and you would risk injury if you went below the rib.
Proud flesh
TXA2
Somatomedins (IGF-1)
45. The proportion of truly diseased persons in the screened population who are identified as diseased refers to?
Sensitivity (it deals with the sick)
D1 receptor; inhibition of the direct pathway occurs through the D2 receptors.
Mantle cell lymphoma
Varicocele
46. What is the only class of diuretics to retain Cl - used in the short - term treatment of glaucoma and of acute mountain sickness?
Leishmania donovani (kala azar is also known as visceral leishmaniasis)
Bactericidal
Bone deposition increases with increased Ca2+ or PO 4- concentrations - whereas resorption (breakdown) is increased when there are low levels of Ca2+ or PO4-.
Acetazolamide
47. What is the major difference between the veins in the face and the veins in the rest of the body?
Brother Fox (Eichner vs. Dillon). The substituted standard could not apply because the patient had never been competent - so no one knew What the patient would have wanted. Therefore - the decision was based on What a 'reasonable' person would have w
The left gastric - splenic - and common hepatic arteries
Dimercaprol
There are no valves and no smooth muscle in the walls of the veins in the face.
48. What component of the trigeminal nuclei x Forms the sensory component of the jaw jerk reflex?
Superior
Axon hillock
Hodgkin lymphoma
Mesencephalic nucleus
49. What disorder is associated with spider angiomas - palmar erythema - gynecomastia - testicular atrophy - encephalopathy - abnormalities in clotting factors - and portal HTN?
Cirrhosis
Burkitt lymphoma
Paneth cells
Serous exudates
50. What tract carries the ipsilateral dorsal column fibers from the lower limbs in the spinal cord?
Exposure
2 to 4 hours
The fasciculus gracilis (Graceful) - which lies closest to the midline of the spinal cord.
Neologisms. Thomas Jefferson noted - 'Necessity obliges us to neologize.' (Abnormal use of neologisms is known as neolalism.)
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