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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Thoracic duct
Renin
Superior and posterior
Mitochondrial inheritance
The granule cell. Its neurotransmitter is glutamic acid - Which is also the principal neurotransmitter of the visual pathways.

2. When does the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule play a role in opposing filtration?
Aschoff bodies of rheumatic fever
HMG CoA reductase
It normally does not play a role in filtration but becomes important when there is an obstruction downstream.
Palindrome

3. Why is the cell's resting membrane potential negative?
Pancreas and colon
Mitosis
Plasmodium ovale
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.

4. If a virus has positive sense RNA - can it be used as mRNA or is a template needed?
Positive sense RNA can be used as mRNA. Negative sense RNA cannot be used as mRNA; it requires special RNA- dependent RNA polymerases.
Duodenal ulcers (4 times as common as gastric)
common variable hypogammaglobinemia
Acetoacetate - acetone - and Beta- hydroxybutyrate

5. What topoisomerase makes ssDNA cuts - requires no ATP - relaxes supercoils - and acts as the swivel in front of the replication fork?
Vibrio vulnificus
Topoisomerase I (Relaxase)
Bacillus anthracis
HBsAg and HBeAg

6. What seven structures are found in more than one mediastinum?
Cricothyroid muscles
Esophagus - SVC - vagus nerve - azygos vein - thoracic duct - thymus - and phrenic nerve
Lysine and tyrosine
Sarcoidosis

7. After a longstanding left - to - right shunt reverses - causing cyanosis - and becomes a right - to - left shunt - What is it termed?

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8. What CNs arise from x The medulla?
CN IX - X - and XII CN XI arises from the cervical spinal cord.
Moderate (35-49)
3' end. Phosphate (PO4) is at the 5' end.
The promoter indicates where transcription will begin.

9. Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements - Dorsiflex the foot - extend the toes - and invert the foot
Staphylococcus aureus
Anterior compartment of the leg - deep peroneal nerve
Calcitriol
G2 phase

10. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Labia minora
Fructose; both glucose and galactose are actively absorbed via secondary active transport.
Iodine (I)
Cushing's disease (pituitary) has elevated ACTH and cortisol suppression with dexamethasone - whereas Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) has decreased ACTH and no cortisol suppression with dexamethasone.
Urogenital folds

11. What is the function of the cerebellum?
Galactitol
Planning and fine - tuning of voluntary skeletal muscle contractions. (Think coordination.) Remember - the function of the basal ganglia is to initiate gross voluntary skeletal muscle control.
Carbamazepine
Fever - night sweats - and hemoptysis

12. Which anticonvulsant is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and for migraine headaches?
Valproic acid
Cortisol - a 21- carbon steroid - has a - OH group at position 17.
Short - chain fatty acids
Resistance decreases as resistors are added in parallel.

13. Name the macrophages by location: x Liver
Stable
Fossa ovale
Hyperpolarization (i.e. - K+ influx)
Kupffer cells

14. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x hst -1 - int -2 - erb -2 - and erb -3
Breast cancer
An increase in serum glucose levels
Negative
1. Cefotetan 2. Cefoxitin 3. Ceftizoxime

15. Thyroid _____ is a measure of its function.
Fat necrosis
Size
Between the renal arteries and at the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
a1- Receptors

16. Name these immature defense mechanisms: x Inability to remember a known fact (aware of forgetting)
Increased secretion of GH postpuberty leading to acromegaly.
C5- C9
1. Decrease the radius of the vessel 2. Increase the length of the vessel 3. Increase the viscosity 4. Decrease the number of parallel channels
Blocking

17. What part of the heart forms x Posterior wall?
Left atrium
H1 histones
1. CHF 2. Vena caval obstruction or constriction 3. Hepatic cirrhosis 4. Renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy

18. What class of drugs is used in the treatment of demineralization of the bone?
The Halsted - Reitan battery. It consists of finger oscillation - speech sound perception - rhythm - tactual - and category testing.
Bisphosphonates
HBsAg as its envelope
snRNA

19. Which PG maintains patency of the ductus arteriosus and is used in the treatment of primary pulmonary HTN?
IVC Remember: 1 at T8 - 2 at T10 - and 3 at T12
Huntington's chorea. (Death in 15-20 years - often via suicide.)
PGI 2
1. Decrease alpha -1 activity 2. Increase Beta -2 activity 3. Increase ACh levels

20. Name the six vitamin K- dependent coagulation factors.
Factors II - VII - IX - and X and proteins C and S.
Measles (rubeola)
IgA
Somatoform pain disorder

21. What is the term for a RBC that has a peripheral rim of Hgb with a dark central Hgb - containing area?
positive correlation
Thiamine and folate
1. Skin 2. Liver 3. Kidney
Target cell

22. What type of foods should patients taking MAOIs avoid? Why?
Foods rich in tyramine (e.g. - cheese - dried fish - sauerkraut - chocolate - avocados - and red wine) should be avoided. Hypertensive crisis occurs when tyramine and MAOIs are mixed.
Positive reinforcement
Burr cells (echinocytes)
Bulbus cordis

23. What cell surface marker is found on blood B cells?
CD19
Gonococcus
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Bacillus anthracis

24. Near the end of pregnancy - what hormone's receptors increase in the myometrium because of elevated plasma estrogen levels?
Yersinia pestis
The systemic veins have the largest blood volume - and the pulmonary veins have the second largest blood volume in the cardiovascular system. They represent the reservoirs of circulation.
Stapedius muscle
Oxytocin

25. Which dimorphic fungus is endemic in the Ohio - Mississippi - Missouri - and Eastern Great Lakes - is found in soil with bird and bat feces - and is associated with infections in spelunkers and chicken coop cleaners?
The fasciculus gracilis (Graceful) - which lies closest to the midline of the spinal cord.
Histoplasma capsulatum
Kinesins. Dynein generates retrograde transportation of information.
Variable interval

26. What is the DOC for coccidioidomycosis?
Case fatality rate
1. Tinea coli 2. Haustra 3. Epiploic appendages
Citrate - via the citrate shuttle
Fluconazole

27. If the occurrence of one event had nothing to do with the occurrence of another event - How do you combine their probabilities?
Autograft
Cryptorchidism; normally the testes descend into the scrotum within 3 months of birth.
The cat
Since they are independent events - their probabilities would be multiplied.

28. What hormone can be affected by dopamine release in the tuberoinfundibular pathway?
Type I pneumocytes
Primary polydipsia; patients with diabetes insipidus will continue to produce large volumes of dilute urine.
In the tuberoinfundibular pathway - dopamine release will decrease prolactin release - Which is why dopamine agonists are used in the treaatment of hyperprolactinemic states.
Superior

29. Name the lipoprotein based on the following characteristics - apo A-1 - apo E - apo C- II
Axis IV
Isoniazid treatment
HDL
Absolutely not! Answer any question you are asked.

30. By which process do Abs make microorganisms more easily ingested via phagocytosis?
H 2
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Opsonization
Granulosa cell

31. Is an embryologic foregut derivative.
Klinefelter syndrome
Porcelain gallbladder
The thyroid gland
HBc Ab

32. What cytoplasmic organelle carries the enzymes for elongation and desaturation of fatty acyl CoA?
SER
Bipolar disorder (manic - depressive disorder)
Left: stomach - spleen - and left kidney; right: liver - duodenum - and right kidney
Erythema nodosum

33. What is the most common one? - Malignant thyroid tumor
Glutamate
1. Glucose 2. Amino acid (arginine) 3. Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP) 4. Glucagon 5. Beta- Agonists 6. ACh
robenecid - a uricosuric agent
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

34. What gram - positive anaerobic rod with branching filaments is a component of the normal flora of the mouth and female genital tract and is responsible for draining abscesses with sulfur granules in the exudates?
ELISA test
Actinomyces israelii
Insulin
Terminal collecting duct has the highest concentration and Bowman's capsule has the lowest concentration of inulin.

35. What type of hepatitis has the highest mortality rate among pregnant women?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
Epidural hematoma
Hepatitis E
Phase 1

36. What cell in chronic inflammation is derived from blood monocytes?
Femoral hernias
Limbic system
PTH
Macrophages

37. Name the following descriptions associated with bacterial endocarditis: x Retinal emboli
Roth spots
Ulcerative colitis
Clostridium botulinum
The number of cross - bridges cycling during contraction: the greater the number - the greater the force of contraction.

38. What is the most common one? - Pituitary adenoma
IL-4 - IL-10 - and IL-13
Herpes II
The patient decides about the health care she does or does not get even if it harms the fetus. This also means she can refuse blood transfusions even if it harms the fetus.
Prolactinoma

39. Name the MCC - Pneumonia in an HIV- positive patient with CD4 less than 200
Basal cell carcinoma
NADPH and molecular O 2
CD28
Pneumocystis carinii

40. What is the leading cause of school dropout?
Berry aneurysm
SSRIs
DNA polymerase -?
Pregnancy

41. What is the most potent male sex hormone?
Edinger - Westphal nucleus (via CN III)
Femoral hernias
Dihydrotestosterone
Flurazepam

42. Are salivary secretions hypertonic - hypotonic - or isotonic?
Recovery and death
Bactericidal
Hypotonic - because NaCl is reabsorbed in the salivary ducts
Subacute bacterial endocarditis

43. What is the most common one? - Eye tumor in children
Retinoblastoma
Mitosis
Labile
Dynorphin

44. What area of the limbic system is responsible for attaching emotional significance to a stimulus?
Amphotericin B
Selegiline
Amygdala; it helps imprint an emotional response in memory.
Spermatid

45. What triad consists of endothelial injury - changes in laminar flow - and hypercoagulation?
Acetoacetate - acetone - and Beta- hydroxybutyrate
Pro - opiomelanocortin (POMC) is cleaved into ACTH and Beta- lipotropin.
Virchow triad - associated with the formation of a thrombus.
Polycystic kidney disease of childhood

46. The vertebral artery is a branch of What artery?
Flow cytometric analysis
Liver
The subclavian artery
GH

47. What is the term for the appearance of the kidney in malignant hypertension (it has petechiae on its surface)?
Flea - bitten kidney (can also be seen in pyelonephritis)
Hemostasis
Estradiol
Seven - eighths of nephrons are cortical - with the remainder juxtamedullary.

48. Both submandibular and sublingual glands are innervated by CN VII (facial) and produce mucous and serous secretions. Which one mainly produces serous secretions?
Submandibular gland produces mainly serous and the sublingual gland produces mainly mucous secretions.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)
Rhinovirus
Heart rate determines the diastolic interval - and contractility determines the systolic interval.

49. What component of the ANS is responsible for movement of semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts?
Site 1
Sympathetic nervous system
Dorsal prefrontal cortex
Burkitt lymphoma

50. Deposits in the oral cavity.
Excess lead
Calcium oxylate
Cyproheptadine
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)