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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
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Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: SVC
Superior and middle
PT for extrinsic and PTT for intrinsic (remember: wPeT and hPiTT - which means warfarin - extrinsic - PT; heparin - intrinsic - PTT)
Gastric carcinoma
Shine - Dalgarno sequence
2. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x sis
Hypnozoite
H 1
Cefamandole - cefoperazone - and moxalactam
Astrocytoma
3. What stage of male development is characterized by the following LH and testosterone levels? - Both LH and testosterone levels drop and remain low.
Labioscrotal swelling
Childhood
Pyruvate carboxylase
Introjection (a sports fan is a good example)
4. Failure to accurately recall the past leads to what form of bias?
Homicide. It is also the leading cause of death in black females aged 15 to 24.
Recall bias. These problems arise in retrospective studies.
Median nerve
Myasthenia gravis
5. Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed - Dental staining in children
Tetracycline
Interval scale (a ruler - for example)
Transitional cell carcinoma
Being single
6. From What embryonic structure are the following structures derived? - The sinus venarum - coronary sinus - and the oblique vein of the left atrium
Sinus venosus
Magnesium
Truncus (1) arteriosus Transposition of the (2) great vessels Tri(3)cuspid atresia Tetra(4)logy of Fallot They all begin with T
1. Notify police. 2. Try to detain the person making the threat. 3. Notify the threatened victim.
7. What malabsorption syndrome produces abdominal distention - bloating - flatulence - diarrhea - steatorrhea - and weight loss shortly after eating bread products?
Respiratory acidosis (summary: high CO2 - high H+ - slightly high HCO3-)
Celiac sprue (gluten - sensitive enteropathy)
7 to 14 days
Prostate cancer
8. What fructose metabolism enzyme is deficient in patients with vomiting - apathy - diarrhea - jaundice - proximal renal tubular acidosis - hypoglycemia - and hyperuricemia?
Astrocytoma
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Ceftriaxone
Aldolase B deficiencies are treated by eliminating fructose from the diet.
With an increased rate of breathing the total ventilation is greater than the alveolar ventilation. Rapid - shallow breathing increases dead space ventilation with little change in alveolar ventilation. (This is hypoventilation).
9. What hormone - stimulated by epinephrine - results in an increase in lipolysis?
Hormone - sensitive lipase - Which breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acid
PGE and intrauterine or neonatal asphyxia maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus. Indomethacin - ACh - and catecholamines promote closure of the ductus arteriosus.
Thymine
Cleft palate
10. Do newborns have a preference for still or moving objects?
Afterload
Antisocial
SITS
Moving objects - along with large bright objects with curves and complex designs.
11. What is the effect of LH on the production of adrenal androgens?
LH has no effect on the production of adrenal androgens; ACTH stimulates adrenal androgen production.
Fibroadenoma
Achondroplasia
Heart - esophagus - and colon. Remember - you get megas: cardiomegaly - megaesophagus - and megacolon.
12. What syndrome is due to anti - GBM Abs directed against the lung and kidneys?
Enterobius vermicularis; the treatment is albendazole.
Ampicillin and amoxicillin
Theca cells secrete estrogen. After fertilization the theca cells form from the theca interna.
Goodpasture syndrome
13. What cells of the nephron function as sodium concentration sensors of the tubular fluid?
Giant cell tumor of the bone
Genomic libraries are made from nuclear DNA - are fragmented - and contain all sequences found in the particular genome copied.
Macula densa
Mesonephric duct
14. What is the term for the appearance of the kidney in malignant hypertension (it has petechiae on its surface)?
Flea - bitten kidney (can also be seen in pyelonephritis)
L4 to S3 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)
Nodes of Ranvier
C1 - C2 - or C4 deficiency
15. Which anticonvulsant is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and for migraine headaches?
The AR form is malignant and AD is benign.
Valproic acid
Obese patients
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
16. What are the three main functions of surfactant?
Superior
Limbic system
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
Smoking
17. Which class of antihypertensives is used in the treatment of BPH?
Smooth muscle
Vertebra prominens (C7 in 70% of cases - C6 in 20% - T1 in 10%)
Proline and lysine
a - Blockers (- zosins)
18. What prevents the down - regulation of the receptors on the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland?
Disulfiram
Neuroblastoma
Isotypes
The pulsatile release of GnRH
19. A 20-year - old woman who was recently diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease goes to the ER with a tender - painful - swollen - and erythematous knee (monoarticular). What organism is the likely culprit?
Triazolam
Neisseria gonorrhea (history of STD in patient with monoarticular infectious arthritis: think gonococcus)
Peyer's patch
Cleft lip
20. With what stage of sleep is enuresis associated?
Convergence
Stage 3 and 4 most commonly. It can occur at any stage in the sleep cycle and is usually associated with a major stressor being introduced into the home.
At the beginning of splay is when the renal threshold for glucose occurs and the excess begins to spill over into the urine.
1. Short attention span 2. Impulsivity 3. Hyperactivity
21. What percent of unwed mothers are teenagers?
Stable angina
PICA
50% - with 50% of them having the child
Metronidazole
22. Are the following conditions associated with a negative or positive nitrogen balance? - Uncontrolled DM
38 ATPs if aerobic - 2 ATPs if anaerobic (36 ATPs[malate shuttle] + 4 ATPs[Glycolysis] - 2 ATPs[phosphorylate glucose] = 38 ATPs)
Negative
Transmembrane potential (an absolute number)
Omphalocele and gastroschisis
23. What is the label given to an individual whose IQ is x 120 to 129
Gonorrhea
Splenic flexure
Superior
Metabolic alkalosis (summary: high pH - low H+ and high HCO3-)
24. What is the term for transverse bands on the fingernails seen in patients with chronic arsenic poisoning?
Vmax
Northern blot
Pentoxifylline
Mees lines
25. Name the associated chromosomal translocation - Follicular lymphoma
Carbamazepine
Chromosome 14 - 18
1 day prior to ovulation
Middle meningeal artery
26. What cell surface marker is found on blood B cells?
The triad of respiratory depression - pinpoint pupils - and coma in an IV drug abuser suggests opioid overdose (e.g. - heroin) - and you should give naloxone.
Mesencephalon
CD19
ASA (salicylate)
27. What are the two side effects of opioids to which the user will not develop tolerance?
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid
Constipation and miosis
Preload (the load on the muscle in the relaxed state)
Although both pathways are associated with disinhibition - the indirect basal ganglia pathway is associated with a decreased level of cortical excitation.
28. What is the term for a venous embolus in the arterial system?
Paradoxic emboli most commonly enter the arteries through a patent septal defect in the heart.
Right - sided valves
Creatinine
Rods
29. What are the five tissues in which glucose uptake is insulin independent?
1. CNS 2. Renal tubules 3. Beta Islet cells of the pancreas 4. RBCs 5. GI mucosa
Neuroblastoma
Proencephalon
Arginine
30. In a negatively skewed curve is the mean greater than the mode?
Eight pairs through seven cervical vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
External abdominal oblique
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Moxalactam
Yes. In a negatively skewed distribution the mean is greater than the median is greater than the mode.
31. What is the role of the negative charge on the filtering membrane of the glomerular capillaries?
Cerebellum
The negative charge inhibits the filtration of protein anions.
HBsAg and HBeAg
Resistance and vessel length are proportionally related. The greater the length of the vessel - the greater the resistance is on the vessel.
32. Which CNs act as the sensory and motor components of the gag reflex?
8 to 25 hours
ACE inhibitors (the - pril agents)
The sensory limb is via CN IX - and the motor limb is from CN X.
competency
33. What is the most common circulation Ig in the plasma?
CSF H+ levels - with acidosis being the main central drive - resulting in hyperventilation (the opposite being true with alkalosis)
Hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries (promotes filtration)
Diazoxide
IgG
34. Which thrombolytic agent - activated in the presence of fibrin - is manufactured by recombinant DNA process?
Helicobacter pylori - Which is also associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma
Alteplase
NAVEL: Femoral Nerve - Artery - Vein - Empty space - and Lymphatics/Lacunar ligament
Coronary circulation
35. What complement factor deficiency leads to x Leukocyte adhesion deficiency with poor opsonization?
Semipermeable membrane; a selectively permeable membrane allows both water and small solutes to pass through its membrane.
Exposure
C1 - C2 - or C4 deficiency
TSH. 5- HT and prolactin increase during sleep - and dopamine levels decrease during sleep.
36. What are the five AAs that are both ketogenic and glucogenic?
Hypnozoite
Isoleucine - threonine - tryptophan - tyrosine - and phenylalanine
Type IV collagen
Pituitary hypogonadism
37. Name the DNA virus: x ssDNA; naked; icosahedral; replicates in the nucleus
Prostate and lung cancer - respectively
Parvovirus
Carnitine acyltransferase - I
Herpes virus I and II
38. What family do the following viruses belong to? - Hantavirus
Formal operations (> 12 years)
Bunyavirus
Recall bias. These problems arise in retrospective studies.
Renal circulation
39. What enzyme found in a cholinergic synapse breaks down ACh? What are the byproducts?
Azathioprine
Labetalol
Acetylcholinesterase breaks ACh into acetate and choline (which gets resorbed by the presynaptic nerve terminal).
Erythema marginatum
40. What cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin?
The folding of an AA chain
Parafollicular C cells
Cancer of the lung - stomach - colon - and breast
1. Fructose -6- phosphate 2. Glucose -6- phosphate 3. Glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate
41. Which bacteriostatic drug whose major side effect is the lepra reaction inhibits folic acid synthesis?
Kinesins. Dynein generates retrograde transportation of information.
Nephrotoxicity
Dapsone
Methylene blue
42. What form of angina is characterized by x Coronary artery luminal narrowing - symptom occurrence during exertion - ST segment depression on ECG?
EBV
Tetralogy of Fallot
At the end of the PCT 25% of the original volume is left
Stable angina
43. What type of collagen is associated with keloid formation?
Respiratory depression
NE - via its vasoconstrictive action on blood vessels
Type III
The negative charge inhibits the filtration of protein anions.
44. What region of the brain houses the central chemoreceptors responsible for control of ventilation?
Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)
The surface of the medulla
Pyelonephritis
Beta2- Adrenergic agents
45. What type of correlation is defined as x Two variables that go together in the same direction?
Narcissistic
Positive correlation
Bile salts are actively reabsorbed in the distal ileum.
Trimethoprim
46. What type of hemostasis in an intravascular space consists of fibrin - platelets - RBCs - and WBCs?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
Glucagon
Thrombus
47. What part of the ANS (i.e. - PNS or CNS) controls the constriction of the pupil in response to light?
Hypoxia
Contralateral. The spinothalamic tract enters the spinal cord and immediately synapses in the dorsal horn - crosses over - and ascends contralateral in the spinal cord - brainstem - thalamus - and postcentral gyrus.
Parasympathetic
Shortens
48. What is the term to describe a man who has x The ability to have an erection sometimes and other times not?
Selective erectile disorder
Anterior hypothalamic zone; lesions here result in hyperthermia.
During a lumbar puncture the needle passes through the interlaminar space in the midline of L3- L4 - with the tip of the iliac crest in the flexed position as the landmark. Order of puncture: 1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia 3. Deep fascia 4. Supraspino
Langerhans cells (found in the stratum spinosum)
49. Thyroid _____ is a measure of its function.
Gilbert's syndrome
Calcium oxalate
Size
Gastrin - releasing peptide (GRP) stimulates G cells to release Gastrin. (All G's)
50. What rare vasculitis has the following characteristics: males aged 40 to 60; affecting small arteries and veins; involving nose - sinuses - lungs - and kidneys; C- ANCA and autoantibodies against proteinase 3?
Negative predictive value
Wegener granulomatosis
Dependent
Functionally they are part of the left lobe of the liver because they receive their blood supply from the left hepatic artery. Anatomically they are considered part of the right lobe of the liver.
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