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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What thyroid abnormality has the following? - TRH increased - TSH decreased - T4 decreased
Secondary hypothyroidism/pituitary (Low TSH results in low T4 and increased TRH because of lack of a negative feedback loop.)
premature ejaculation
Terminal bronchioles. (No gas exchange occurs here.)
Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)

2. Results in vitamin B12 deficiencies.
Gradient - time system
Blastoconidia
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Removal of the ileum

3. What tract carries unconscious proprioceptive information from the Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles to the cerebellum - helping monitor and modulate muscle movements?
Lower extremity and lower trunk information travels in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The upper trunk and extremity information travels in the cuneocerebellar tract. (Cuneocerebellar and fasciculus cuneatus both apply to upper extremities.)
Proud flesh
Sphingomyelinase
3 to 4 days

4. What are the five K
Prostatic carcinoma
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance No - they can be skipped - repeated - and completed out of sequence.
Ego dystonic
Hepatocytes lack the enzyme succinyl CoA acetoacetyl CoA transferase (thiophorase).

5. What are the three platelet aggregating factors?
Extrahepatic biliary atresia
1. ADP 2. PG 3. TXA2
14 L - 33% of body weight
Pancreas and colon

6. What AR syndrome is due to a deficiency of glycoprotein Ib - resulting in a defect in platelet adhesion?
G0 phase
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus; in the nephrogenic form there is sufficient ADH available - but the renal collecting ducts are impermeable to its actions.
Bernard - Soulier syndrome
Minor

7. There is a strong ________ between IQ and academic achievement.
Chemotaxis
positive correlation
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

8. What facultative intracellular fungus is associated with hepatosplenomegaly?
Gout
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.
Histoplasma capsulatum infects the cells of the RES and can result in hepatosplenomegaly.
TXA2

9. What is the major pulmonary side effect of
With an increased depth of breathing both the total and alveolar ventilation increase. This concept is always tested on the boards - so remember it.
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Ceftriaxone
Respiratory depression
Succinyl CoA synthetase

10. Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: x Pulls the arytenoids cartilages closer to the thyroid - relaxing the vocal ligaments and thereby decreasing the pitch
Obese patients
Transport maximum (Tm) occurs when all function carriers are saturated and therefore is an index of the number of functioning carriers.
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
Thyroarytenoid muscles

11. What retrovirus is associated with adult T- cell leukemia?
HTLV-1
Nasopharynx
Pulmonary infections
Stage 3 and 4

12. Of what serotonin receptor is sumatriptan an agonist?
Upper third skeletal muscle - middle third both skeletal and smooth muscle - and lower third smooth muscle
5HT1D
False - positive rate
Neuroblastoma

13. Name four chemotactic factors for neutrophils.
Dissociative fugue. (Patients are unaware of memory loss.)
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Beta2- Adrenergic agents
N- formyl - methionine LTB4 C5a IL-8

14. All of the hormones in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland are...
Trypsin
Water soluble
PDA
Brother Fox (Eichner vs. Dillon). The substituted standard could not apply because the patient had never been competent - so no one knew What the patient would have wanted. Therefore - the decision was based on What a 'reasonable' person would have w

15. What viral infection is known to cause intracerebral calcifications?
Metabolic alkalosis (summary: high pH - low H+ and high HCO3-)
Fragile X syndrome
CMV; Toxoplasma also causes intracerebral calcifications but it is a parasite.
Ligament of Treitz

16. The dose of which second - generation sulfonylurea agent must be decreased for patients with hepatic dysfunction?

17. Which protozoal parasitic vaginal infection produces a positive whiff test with KOH staining?
14 L - 33% of body weight
Fungiform papillae
Trichomonas vaginalis (treat with metronidazole)
C3a - C4a - C5a

18. What is the term for RBC fragments?
Marfan syndrome
IgM
300 mOsm/L
Schistocytes

19. What is the term for the speckled appearance of the iris in patients with Down syndrome?
Brushfield spots
IgA
Decreases
Psammoma bodies

20. What is the start codon - and What does it code for in eukaryotes? Prokaryotes?
EF- G of the 50S subunit
Glucose -6- phosphatase
Fungiform papillae
The one start codon - AUG - in eukaryotes codes for methionine and in prokaryotes formylmethionine.

21. What Ig is the major protective factor in colostrum?
Hyaluronic acid (all sulfates bind to the core protein)
1. Sweat glands 2. Arterioles 3. Veins
IgA
After the latent period

22. Leading to gallstones and steatorrhea.
Anorgasmia. (The overall prevalence is 30%.)
Pancreatic delta - cell tumors inhibit CCK secretion
Escherichia coli
Squamous cell carcinoma

23. What pattern of inheritance does G-6- PD deficiency follow?
Hormone - sensitive lipase - Which breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acid
Turner syndrome
X- linked recessive
Water - soluble hormones are considered fast - acting hormones.

24. Are sexually abused females more likely to have learning disabilities than the general population?
Thiogalactoside transacetylase
Bernard - Soulier syndrome
Anterior nuclear group (Papez circuit of the limbic system)
Yes - by three to four times. Having multiple sexual partners - being overweight - and pelvic pain and/or inflammatory disorders are also likely to be seen in sexually abused females.

25. What is the most common one? - Cardiac tumor of infancy
If positive - hypotonic urine (osmolarity <300 mOsm/L); if negative - hypertonic urine (osmolarity > 300 mOsm/L)>>
Taenia saginata
Area 8
Rhabdomyoma

26. Which class of antiarrhythmics are potassium channel blockers?
Class III
Eisenmenger syndrome - which can also occur with any left - to - right shunt
Secondary hypothyroidism/pituitary (Low TSH results in low T4 and increased TRH because of lack of a negative feedback loop.)
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

27. To What is the diffusion rate indirectly proportional?
Osteosarcoma
Very superior (<2.5% of the population)
Diffusion rate is indirectly proportional to membrane thickness and is directly proportional to membranes surface area.
Yolk sac tumor

28. What is the term for the collapse of the vertebral body due to TB?
Pott disease
REM latency; normally it is about 90 minutes.
Moving objects - along with large bright objects with curves and complex designs.
Metronidazole

29. If no fertilization occurs - How many days after ovulation does the corpus luteum begin to degenerate?
Marfan syndrome
12 days after ovulation
Anaerobes
The submandibular ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion innervates the submandibular gland; easy enough.)

30. What is the MCC of death in black males aged 15 to 24?
Meningocele All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
Meningioma
Homicide. It is also the leading cause of death in black females aged 15 to 24.
Amyl nitrate - sodium nitrate - or sodium thiosulfate

31. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - Thyroid colloid
SITS
Eosin
Punishment
Profound (I.Q. range < 20)

32. With what stage of sleep are night terrors associated?
Transposons
NREM sleep. Night terrors are dreams that we are unable to recall.
Proud flesh
Basal ganglia

33. What hereditary bone disorder is due to decreased osteoclast function - resulting in thick - sclerotic bones that fracture easily?
In the ventral horn of the spinal cord. UMN cell bodies are in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
Osteopetrosis (Albers - Sch
Hypertension
Negative

34. Which IL increases IgA synthesis?
Adhesions and hernias
Vital capacity (VC)
IL-5. It also stimulates eosinophil proliferation.
Superior

35. What diseases are associated with the HLA- B27 allele

36. What is the neurotransmitter at the K- receptor?
1. Fructokinase 2. Glucokinase 3. Glycerol kinase 4. PEPCK 5. Pyruvate carboxylase 6. Galactokinase 7. Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase 8. Glucose -6- phosphatase
Dynorphin
BPH. Although an argument can be made for prostatic cancer (you should expect a much higher PSA result) - these are buzzwords for BPH. Prostatic cancer is usually silent until late in the disease - when obstructive symptoms begin to occur.
Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate

37. In what stage of sleep is it easiest to arouse a sleeping individual?
IgA
Alteplase
Coma - convulsions - and cardiotoxicity
During REM sleep

38. What is the term for failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum?
Cryptorchidism; normally the testes descend into the scrotum within 3 months of birth.
Stable
If the ratio of the filtrate to plasma concentration of a substance is equal - the substance is freely filtered by the kidney.
Ea (activation energy)

39. What cytoplasmic pathway produces NADPH and is a source of ribose 5- phosphate?
Pseudomembranous colitis
IgA
HMP shunt
1. Cefotetan 2. Cefoxitin 3. Ceftizoxime

40. What tetracycline is associated with vestibular toxicity?
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
During a lumbar puncture the needle passes through the interlaminar space in the midline of L3- L4 - with the tip of the iliac crest in the flexed position as the landmark. Order of puncture: 1. Skin 2. Superficial fascia 3. Deep fascia 4. Supraspino
Axon hillock
Minocycline

41. What is the term for the copper corneal deposits found in Wilson's disease?
Meningococcus grows on chocolate agar - and Gonococcus grows on Thayer - Martin medium.
Kayser - Fleischer rings
Common and internal carotid arteries
Rods

42. What is the major hormone produced in the following areas of the adrenal cortex? - Zona glomerulosa
Camper's fascia; Scarpa's fascia is devoid of fat. (Remember campers are fat.)
Chromosome 15 - 17
1. Big 2. Bilateral 3. Berry aneurysm
Aldosterone Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.

43. What autoimmune syndrome is characterized by keratoconjunctivitis - corneal ulcers - xerostomia - and an increased risk of high - grade B- cell lymphomas? What two Ab tests are used in making the diagnosis?
1. Increased glucose uptake by fat cells 2. Increased triglyceride uptake by fat cells 3. Increased conversion of CHOs into fat 4. Decreased lipolysis in fat tissue 5. Decreased ketone body formation
Sj
Leiomyoma
Right atrium

44. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Day care - associated diarrhea in infants
Selegiline
It repeats every 90 to 120 minutes and correlates with elevated levels of motilin.
Hypoglycemia for secretion and hyperglycemia for inhibition
Rotavirus

45. What AR CNS disorder presents early in childhood with gait ataxia - loss of deep tendon reflexes - impaired vibratory sensation - hand clumsiness - and loss of position sense?
Riboflavin (B2)
Friedreich ataxia
Fossa ovale
Ileum

46. Are used in the management of an acute asthmatic attack.
Autism. Head - banging - rocking - and self - injurious behaviors are also common in autism.
Beta2- Adrenergic agents
Valence
Chromomycosis

47. Are the following parameters associated with an obstructive or restrictive lung disorder: decreased FEV1 - FVC - peak flow - and FEV1/FVC; increased TLC - FRC - and RV?
Obstructive lung disorders. The opposite changes (where you see decrease exchange it for increase and vice versa) are seen in a restrictive pattern.
The gut rotates clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery.
Caseous necrosis
Anhedonia

48. What Hgb - derived endogenous pigment is found in areas of hemorrhage or bruises?
Hemosiderin
Gradient - time system
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Atelectasis

49. What Beta- blocker is also an a - blocker?
3 months of symptoms in 2 consecutive years
Labetalol
Krukenberg tumor
3 years old

50. Used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.
Posterior
Flumazenil
Selective erectile disorder
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis ('I Love Science' muscles)