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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Name the type of regeneration (i.e. - labile - stable - or permanent) based on the following examples - Epidermis
Norm reference (i.e. - 75% of the students in the class will pass)
Dilation of the internal mammary arteries results in erosions on the inner surface of the ribs and is seen as notching.
Labile
Cell - mediated immunity
2. Name the antidote - Cyanide
Amyl nitrate - sodium nitrate - or sodium thiosulfate
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH)
Hormone - sensitive lipase - Which breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acid
Occipital lobe (Anton's syndrome if it is due to bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusions)
3. What are the three components of amyloid?
Stage 3 and 4
Temporal lobe
Desipramine
1. Fibrillary protein 2. Amyloid protein 3. Glycosaminoglycans
4. What organ is responsible for the elimination of excess nitrogen from the body?
Bladder carcinoma
Mitral stenosis
Both
The kidneys excrete the excess nitrogen from the body as urea in the urine.
5. Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation? - SA nodal activity
Eight pairs through seven cervical vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Residual volume
Pseudomembranous exudates
H 2
6. Name the type of exudate - given the following examples - Rickettsial infection
HTLV-1
Methicillin
Internal carotid artery
Hemorrhagic exudates
7. Describe What type of fluid is either gained or lost with the following changes in body hydration for the ECF volume - ICF volume - and body osmolarity - respectively: x ECF - decrease; ICF - decrease; body: increase
Loss of hypotonic fluid (alcohol - diabetes insipidus - dehydration)
It both begins and ends at T4 (sternal angle [of Louis]).
P24
d - ALA synthase
8. What muscle laterally rotates the femur to unlock the knee?
Popliteus
Capillary flow and pressure increase with arteriolar dilation and decrease with arteriolar constriction.
Hematoxylin
P = .05; P < .05 rejects the null hypothesis
9. What complement factor or factors are associated with x Anaphylaxis?
IgM
Beta- Galactosidase
C3a - C4a - C5a
Methanol
10. What three lung measurements must be calculated because they cannot be measured by simple spirometry?
Vibrio vulnificus
TLC - FRC - and RV have to be calculated. (Remember - any volume that has RV as a component has be calculated.)
Being awake
LH
11. Are the JG cells of the nephron a part of the afferent or efferent arteriole?
CHF
Afferent arteriole
Dihydrofolate reductase
An elevated serum osteocalcin level
12. Which HPV serotypes are associated with condyloma acuminatum?
PGD2 - PGE2 - and PGF 2
Fourth M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
HPV serotypes 6 and 11
MHC class I antigens; they are also found on the surface of platelets.
13. With which pituitary adenoma is an elevated somatomedin C level associated?
Pyelonephritis
GH- producing adenoma
T and B- cells belong to the adaptive branch - whereas PMNs - NK cells - eosinophils - macrophages - and monocytes belong to the innate branch.
Adult tapeworms develop in the definitive host - whereas cysticerci or larvae develop in the intermediate host.
14. Name the MCC - Walking pneumonia - seen in teens and military recruits
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Pro - opiomelanocortin (POMC) is cleaved into ACTH and Beta- lipotropin.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Absolutely not! Answer any question you are asked.
15. What two AAs do not have more than one codon?
Transient hypogammaglobinemia of infancy; it usually resolves by age 16 to 30 months.
Methionine (start) and tryptophan are the only two AAs with only one codon.
absorption
Superior
16. The elimination of the unfertilized egg. In females - meiosis II is incomplete unless fertilization takes place.
A decrease in Ca2+ and an increase in PO4
Ataxia - telangiectasia
Menses
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
17. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Aortic arch
Superior
Aged adult
Escherichia coli
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
18. How does the sympathetic nervous system affect insulin secretion?
Foods rich in tyramine (e.g. - cheese - dried fish - sauerkraut - chocolate - avocados - and red wine) should be avoided. Hypertensive crisis occurs when tyramine and MAOIs are mixed.
Protamine sulfate
The energy of activation (Ea)
It decreases insulin secretion.
19. What is the most common one? - Viral cause of myocarditis
Compliance; the more compliant a lung is - the easier it is to inflate.
Helicobacter pylori
Coxsackie B
Proencephalon
20. After fertilization - what cells of the corpus luteum x Secrete estrogen?
Public speaking (Remember: stage fright)
No - therapeutic indices can tell which drug is safer - not more toxic.
Theca cells secrete estrogen. After fertilization the theca cells form from the theca interna.
Curling ulcers (think curling iron = burn)
21. Name the most common cause - Infectious pancreatitis
Mumps
HIV
Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis occurs in colonic diarrhea because of the net secretion of HCO3- and potassium into the colonic lumen.
CN V1 - the occulomotor division of the trigeminal nerve - is the sensory component of the corneal reflex.
22. When does most REM sleep occur - in the first or second half of sleep?
REM sleep occurs more often in the second half of sleep. The amount of REM sleep increases as the night goes on.
Lisch nodules
The vestibulo - ocular reflex
T4 vertebral level posteriorly and anteriorly at the sternal angle (angle of Louis).
23. What is the most common one? - Bone tumor
Metastatic
Pseudomonas sp.
Nephroblastoma
NADPH oxidase
24. What pancreatic islet cell secretes somatostatin?
Acetaminophen
The left gastric - splenic - and common hepatic arteries
For males - HTN; for females - pregnancy.
delta - Cells; somatostatin has an inhibitory effect on alpha - and Beta - islet cells.
25. Name the DNA virus x Linear dsDNA; enveloped; virion - associated polymerases; replicates in the cytoplasm :
Melanosis coli
Hairy cell leukemia
Poxvirus
IgA
26. What enzyme is inhibited by disulfiram?
IgE. It attaches via receptor for the Fc region of the heavy epsilon chain
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Transitional cell carcinoma
Sheehan syndrome
27. The inferior mesenteric artery drains into it.
Need 3 panic attacks over 3 weeks (remember - they come out of the blue.)
The splenic vein
Although both pathways are associated with disinhibition - the indirect basal ganglia pathway is associated with a decreased level of cortical excitation.
0.2
28. Which of the following is not a risk factor for cholesterol gallstones: pregnancy - OCP use - female gender - hemolytic anemia - cirrhosis - and obesity? (May be more than one answer.)
Complex 4
excites the neuron
Cirrhosis and hemolytic anemia - which are risk factors for pigmented gallstones.
Isograft
29. Are excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Echinococcus multilocularis
GABA and glutamic acid
Hirschsprung's disease (colonic gangliosus)
IgM
30. What component of the cardiovascular system has the largest blood volume? Second largest blood volume?
Lysine and tyrosine
Buffers (remember that buffers are best when they are used in a pH range near its pK)
The systemic veins have the largest blood volume - and the pulmonary veins have the second largest blood volume in the cardiovascular system. They represent the reservoirs of circulation.
45XO
31. What congenital small bowel outpouching is a remnant of the vitelline duct?
Ciliary ganglion
Confabulation; it is commonly seen in Korsakoff's syndrome.
Meckel diverticulum
Dantrolene
32. Orphan Annie cells
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. When this enzyme is blocked - acetaldehyde builds up - and its presence in excess results in nausea and hypotension.
Gonads
Papillary carcinoma of the ovary
Type II
33. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Bloody diarrhea associated with hamburger ingestion
Chromosome 15 - 17
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
Arch of the aorta
ASD
34. What type of correlation is defined as x Two variables that go together in the same direction?
pK (think of it as where half is base and half is acid)
Proto - oncogenes
Positive correlation
Adult polycystic kidney disease
35. A mother takes her 2- week - old infant to the ER because the baby regurgitates and vomits after eating and has peristaltic waves visible on the abdomen and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. What is your diagnosis?
Pyloric stenosis
CSF H+ levels - with acidosis being the main central drive - resulting in hyperventilation (the opposite being true with alkalosis)
transcription
G- C rich sequences - because they have 3 hydrogen bonds - where A- T has 2 hydrogen bonds - resulting in higher melting points.
36. What muscle of the middle ear is innervated by CN VII?
Postinfectious GN
Indirect pathway (Tourette syndrome for example)
The stapedius muscle
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)
37. Name the Hgb - O2 binding site based on the following information: x Least affinity for O2; requires the highest PO 2 levels for attachment (approx. 100 mm Hg)
Argyll Robertson pupils accompany a loss of both direct and consensual light reflexes - but the accommodation - convergence reaction remains intact. It can also be seen in patients with pineal tumors or multiple sclerosis.
Pulse pressure
a1- Receptors
Site 4
38. Name the most common type or cause - Diarrhea in children
Rotavirus
Volkmann's contracture
Cholesterolosis
Visceral pleura
39. The surge of what hormone induces ovulation?
Peroxidase - Which is also needed for iodination and coupling inside the follicular cell
LH
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach
The number of cross - bridges cycling during contraction: the greater the number - the greater the force of contraction.
40. Name the most common type or cause - Urinary tract obstruction
Large segment deletions
Thalassemia minor
BPH
1. Benefits of the procedure 2. Purpose of the procedure 3. Risks of the procedure 4. The nature of the procedure (what you are doing) 5. The alternative to this procedure and its availability (Don't forget the last one; this is where physicians get
41. How many bases upstream is the eukaryotic TATA box promoter?
Kidney
There are two eukaryotic upstream promoters. The TATA box is -25 base pairs upstream; the CAAT box is -75 bases upstream.
Uracil
If positive - hypotonic urine (osmolarity <300 mOsm/L); if negative - hypertonic urine (osmolarity > 300 mOsm/L)>>
42. In What tract does pain - temperature - and crude touch sensory information ascend to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe?
Lumbar splanchnics
Anterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.
Spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system)
Bactericidal
43. What oral hypoglycemic agent inhibits a - glucosidase in the brush border of the small intestine?
Posterior compartment of the thigh - tibial nerve
Acarbose
Amylase hydrolyzes alpha -1 - 4- glucoside linkages - forming alpha - limit dextrins - maltotriose - and maltose.
When it crosses the teres major
44. What enzyme is blocked by hydroxyurea?
Mumps and influenza virus
Ribonucleotide reductase
Eosinophil chemotactic factor A
Rhinovirus
45. Name the most common type or cause - Acute tubular necrosis
Amyl nitrate - sodium nitrate - or sodium thiosulfate
Ischemic
Anti - HAV IgG Abs are associated with immunization or a prior infection. Anti - HAV IgM is associated with acute or recent infection.
Spleen
46. Where do sperm go for maturation?
Y - W-135 - and C and A capsular polysaccharides
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Raloxifene
Ductus epididymis - Which is lined by pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia.
47. Cannot be diagnosed until puberty.
CMV retinitis and HSV-2
Erythema marginatum
Fibroadenoma
Klinefelter syndrome
48. What is the most serious form of tinea capitis - which results in permanent hair loss and is highly contagious?
Subdural hematoma is a rupture of the cerebral veins where they enter the superior sagittal sinus.
Aminoglycosides
1. Burkitt's lymphoma 2. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 3. Thymic carcinoma
Tinea favosa (favus)
49. What coronary artery vasculitis is seen in Japanese infants and children less than 4 years old with acute febrile illness - conjunctivitis - maculopapular rash - and lymphadenopathy?
Breast
Sertoli cell
Kawasaki disease
Schizotypal
50. What is the label given to an individual whose IQ is x 90 to 109
Average
IgM
In the peroxisome until it is 10 carbons long; the rest is completed in the mitochondria.
Early collecting duct
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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