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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In What area of the GI tract does iron get absorbed?
Substance P. (Opioids relieve pain in part by blocking substance P.)
Regular insulin
Common peroneal nerve
Duodenum

2. What class of antianginal activates the NO pathway to produce endothelial vasodilation?
Chromosome 19
Id
Nitrates
Muscle spindles

3. Name the most common type or cause - Right heart failure
Staphylococcus aureus
Left heart failure
Major
Klinefelter syndrome

4. Name the cluster C personality disorder: x Gets others to assume responsibility - is subordinate - and is fearful of being alone and caring for self
Transposons
Dependent
Anticentromere Abs
Ascaris lumbricoides

5. What is the effect of insulin on intracellular K+ stores?
Staphylococcus aureus
Ulnar and radial arteries (ulnar is the main supplier)
Axis II
Insulin increases intracellular K+ stores while decreasing serum K+ levels.

6. What color do fungi stain with PAS? Silver stain?
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
Hot pink with PAS and grey to black with silver stain
Left anterior descending artery
G-6- PD deficiency

7. What is the most common one? - Subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosis
Competitive antagonist
Vancomycin
One day after the LH surge and 2 days after the estrogen peak.

8. With which DNA virus are Guarnieri bodies associated?
Variola (smallpox)
Clarke's nucleus
Membranous septal defects are interventricular; a persistent patent ovale results in an interatrial septal defect.
Cut down (ever tried and failed?) Annoyed (criticism makes angry?) Guilty (about drinking behavior?) Eye opener (drinking to shake out the cobwebs?)

9. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Trachea
Rhinovirus and hepatitis A virus
Superior
Primary hypocortisolism (Addison's disease)
Primary biliary cirrhosis

10. What is the function of white rami communicantes?
They are preganglionic sympathetic axons. They are white because they are myelinated.
Keloid
NREM sleep. Remember awake body - sleeping brain
Progestins

11. 1- a - Hydroxylase activity is increased in response to What two physiologic states? (hint: think of vitamin D activity)
Direct; in males less than 50 years old indirect hernias are the most common type.
Acute pyelonephritis
Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia
High - frequency sound waves

12. Does PT or PTT test the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
Anterior nuclear group (Papez circuit of the limbic system)
Anemic patients have a depressed O2 content because of the reduced concentration of Hgb in the blood. As for polycythemic patients - their O2 content is increased because of the excess Hgb concentrations.
Dilation of efferent arteriole
PT for extrinsic and PTT for intrinsic (remember: wPeT and hPiTT - which means warfarin - extrinsic - PT; heparin - intrinsic - PTT)

13. What type of cell surface projection lies on the lateral surface of cells closest to the apex and acts to seal off the outside environment from the rest of the body?
Zonula occludens (tight junctions)
ACh
Aspiration
Metanephros

14. What are the three main functions of surfactant?
Rhombencephalon
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
Granulosa cells
Necator americanus is treated with mebendazole and iron therapy.

15. Name the most common type or cause - Chancre
Polycythemia vera (Remember - polycythemia vera is a risk factor for acute leukemias.)
Voltage - gated sodium channel
Area 4
Haemophilus ducreyi

16. Name the cancer associated with the following chemical agents. (Some may have more than one answer.) x Nitrosamines
Kl
Gastric cancer
Being a white male
Benign nevus (mole)

17. What has occurred to the renal arterioles based on the following changes in the GFR - RPF - FF - and glomerular capillary pressure? - GFR ? - RPF ? - FF ? - capillary pressure ?
L2 to L4 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)
The conus medullaris terminates at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Constriction of efferent arteriole
Cytokine. If a cytokine affects another class of leukocytes - it is called an interleukin.

18. Is GH considered a gluconeogenic hormone?
Antigenic determinant (epitope)
Fusobacterium
Pyridoxine (B6)
Yes - it decreases fat and muscle uptake of glucose - thereby increasing blood glucose levels.

19. What is the name of the tumor when gastric carcinoma spreads to the ovaries?
Krukenberg tumor
Methanol
N- formyl - methionine LTB4 C5a IL-8
Terminal ileum

20. What enzyme is inhibited by propylthiouracil (PTU)?

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21. On the venous pressure curve - What do the following waves represent? - A wave?
The concentration of plasma proteins determines effective osmolarity because capillary membranes are freely permeable to all substances except proteins.
Atrial contraction Atrial - Contraction - Venous
Dynorphin
Hypotonic - because NaCl is reabsorbed in the salivary ducts

22. What ethnic group has the highest adolescent suicide rate?
The anterior nucleus of the thalamus
Ticlopidine or clopidogrel
Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase
Native Americans

23. What level of mental retardation is characterized by x Can work in sheltered workshops and learn simple tasks but need supervision?
Janeway lesions
Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease
Transference. When it is from the physician to the patient it is called countertransference.
Moderate (35-49)

24. Name the ocular lesion; be specific - A right LGB lesion (in the thalamus)
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Invariant chain
Actinomyces israelii
Metaphase II

25. What nematode is known as whipworms? What is the treatment?
Trichuris trichiura is treated with albendazole.
Clostridium botulinum
Escherichia coli
Cell - mediated immunity

26. What three criteria allow you to differentiate an ulcer from an erosion or carcinoma?
Terminal ileum
1. Less than 3 cm 2. Clean base 3. Level with the surrounding mucosa
No - therapeutic indices can tell which drug is safer - not more toxic.
Utricle and saccule

27. What are the two chains of the TCR that are mainly found on the skin and mucosal surfaces?
Serocystadenocarcinoma
The inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae)
RBCs
gamma and delta chains

28. What does the tunica intima of arteries have that veins do not?
The Palmar interosseus ADducts - whereas the Dorsal interosseus ABducts (PAD and DAB)
An internal elastic lamina
Direct fluorescent Ab test
NSAIDs

29. Where are the lowest resting PO2 levels in a resting individual?
Methicillin
Coronary circulation
Plasma cell
It both begins and ends at T4 (sternal angle [of Louis]).

30. A mother takes her 2- week - old infant to the ER because the baby regurgitates and vomits after eating and has peristaltic waves visible on the abdomen and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. What is your diagnosis?
GH. The largest output of GH in a 24- hour period is during stage 4 sleep.
Chromosome 12
Metanephros
Pyloric stenosis

31. What signals are used to direct an enzyme to a lysosome?
Phosphorylation of mannose residues
Acute cystitis
Clearance
1. Clavulanic acid 2. Sulbactam 3. Tazobactam

32. Increased levels of what neurotransmitter - in the hippocampus - decrease the likelihood of learned helplessness?
Pyelonephritis
Chromosome 15
Increased GABA levels decrease the likelihood of learned helplessness.
Bacillus anthracis

33. Name the aphasia based on these characteristics: x Lesion is in the parietal lobe or arcuate fibers because the connection between Broca's and Wernicke's area is severed; word comprehension preserved; inability to write or speak the statement (can't
Conduction aphasia
Anterior hypothalamic zone; lesions here result in hyperthermia.
Hydrophobic (water - insoluble) end faces the aqueous environment and the hydrophilic (water - soluble) end faces the interior of the cell.
Anterior spinal artery

34. What is defined as a general estimate of the functional capacities of a human?
The vestibulo - ocular reflex
Integument (skin and its derivatives)
IQ
X- linked recessive

35. What lipoprotein is formed if an IDL particle acquires cholesterol from a HDL particle?
The blood withdrawn is the unconditioned stimulus - inducing the unconditioned response (fainting). The needle is part of the blood - drawing procedure and is the conditioned stimulus (unconditioned and conditioned stimuli are paired) resulting in th
Alanine and glutamine
LDL
The tensor veli palatine is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve; all others are innervated by CN X.

36. What type II hypersensitivity disorder is defined as x Autoantibodies against the type IV collagen in the basement membrane of the kidneys and lungs?
Cyanide
Goodpasture syndrome
Brain - spleen - and kidney
Lesch - Nyhan syndrome

37. Ensures emancipation.
Parkinson's disease (I can't underestimate all of the buzzwords in this question. Remember it.)
Latissimus dorsi
Pregnancy
Mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma

38. Use of an outlet for emotions (stuff flows downhill).
Brucella
Enterobius vermicularis
It both begins and ends at T4 (sternal angle [of Louis]).
Displacement

39. What changes does more negative intrathoracic pressure cause to systemic venous return and to the pulmonary vessels?
Griseofulvin
The portal tract of the liver lobule
None; they are not formed until a girl reaches puberty.
Promotes systemic venous return into the chest and increases the caliber and volume of the pulmonary vessels

40. What is the costliest health care problem in the United States?
14 L - 33% of body weight
Budd - Chiari syndrome
Plasmodium vivax
Alcohol and its related problems cost the country approximately $100 billion a year.

41. What is the respiratory compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
Hyperventilation - which decreases CO2 - shifting the reaction to the left and decreasing H+
Riboflavin (B2)
Musculocutaneous nerve
Glycerol kinase

42. Name the cancer associated with the following tumor markers. (Some may have more than one answer.) x CA-125
At 8 to 9 years of age. Prior to this age they view death as a form of punishment.
Androgen - binding protein
The Palmar interosseus ADducts - whereas the Dorsal interosseus ABducts (PAD and DAB)
Ovarian cancer

43. The surge of what hormone induces ovulation?
Glucose -6- phosphatase
Low average
HBsAb IgG
LH

44. What nerve is associated with the following functions? - Flex the shoulder - flex the elbow - and supinate the elbow
Streptolysin O
Musculocutaneous nerve
Sinus venosus
Niemann - Pick disease

45. What transmural inflammatory bowel disease can be found from the mouth to anus - has noncaseating granulomas - is discontinuous (skip lesions) - and has a cobblestone appearance - thickening of the bowel wall - linear fissures - and aphthous ulcers w
Crohn disease
Estrone
Cilia
Vancomycin

46. What is the term for panhypopituitarism secondary to ischemic necrosis and hypotension postpartum?
Motilin
Sheehan syndrome
20:1T4T3. There is an increase in the production of T3 when iodine becomes deficient.
Astrocytoma

47. What enzyme - induced by insulin and activated by apo C- II - is required for chylomicron and VLDL metabolism?
The dentate nucleus
Somatoform disorder
Lipoprotein lipase
If positive - hypotonic urine (osmolarity <300 mOsm/L); if negative - hypertonic urine (osmolarity > 300 mOsm/L)>>

48. Are more Abs produced in a primary or a secondary immune response?
NE - via its vasoconstrictive action on blood vessels
Psoriasis - ankylosing spondylitis - inflammatory bowel disease - and Reiter's syndrome
Lateral pontine syndrome
More Ab is produced in less time in a secondary immune response (shorter lag period).

49. What are the three tissues where triacylglycerols are produced?
Reinforcement
1. Liver 2. Muscle 3. Adipose tissue
Keratinocytes - the most numerous cells in the epidermis - carry melanin and produce keratin.
Immunogenicity; antigenicity refers to Ab/lymphocyte reaction to a specific substance.

50. Name the most common type or cause - Viral pneumonia leading to death
Chromosome 7
Decreased REM sleep and REM rebound during withdrawal
Sublimation
RSV