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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane...
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis syndrome
excites the neuron
Crude mortality rate
The greater the myelination - the greater the conduction velocity.

2. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction based on the following properties - Reaction - mediated by sensitized T- cells
CD28
Type IV hypersensitivity (cell - mediated)
Myasthenia gravis
The time it takes ACh to diffuse to the postjunctional membrane

3. What Freudian psyche component is described as x The urges - sex aggression - and 'primitive' processes?
Impotence
Menses
Toxoplasma gondii
Id (pleasure principle)

4. What is the most common one? - Primary CNS tumor
Glioblastoma multiforme
Intention tremor; it is a sign of cerebellar lesions. A tremor at rest (i.e. - pill rolling) is seen in basal ganglia lesions.
Estrogen use
They are directly related; the greater the preload - the greater the passive tension in the muscle and the greater the prestretch of a sarcomere.

5. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Dacarbazine
Listeria monocytogenes
Parietal cells (Remember - they secrete HCl - too.)
G0 phase
Osteoclasts

6. What syndrome is associated with the following brainstem lesions? - AICA or superior cerebellar artery occlusion - resulting in ipsilateral limb ataxia - ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss - contralateral loss of pain and temperature to the
Conversion disorder
Projection
Arch of the aorta
Lateral pontine syndrome

7. What syndrome is characterized by embryologic failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches resulting in hypocalcemia - tetany - and T- cell deficiency?
Internal carotid artery
DiGeorge syndrome
CN V1 - the occulomotor division of the trigeminal nerve - is the sensory component of the corneal reflex.
In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord on the primary afferent neurons

8. What primary acid - base disturbance is caused by a loss in fixed acid forcing the reaction to shift to the right - thereby increasing HCO3- levels?
Fanconi - like syndrome
Metabolic alkalosis (summary: high pH - low H+ and high HCO3-)
A gene (a rather simple definition but accurate)
Herpes I

9. What nucleus of the hypothalamus is the satiety center - regulating food intake?
VSD - RVH - overriding aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Sensory
Dopamine levels rise with waking; dopamine is associated with wakefulness.
Ventromedial nucleus; lesions here result in obesity.

10. Who decides competency and sanity?
Rhabdomyoma
Decreasing potassium conductance - which results in increased excitability
The courts. These are legal - not medical terms.
Familial hypercholesterolemia

11. What hormone - stimulated by epinephrine - results in an increase in lipolysis?
Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine
Nominal scale (categorical - e.g. - male or female)
Varicella virus and influenza virus
Hormone - sensitive lipase - Which breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acid

12. Name the cancer associated with the following chemical agents. (Some may have more than one answer.) x Benzenes
(MA/CA) x 100 = IQ score - where MA = mental age and CA = chronological age
Are live attenuated vaccines available in the United States
Leukemias
LVEDV and LVEDP (left ventricular end - diastolic volume and end - diastolic pressure - respectively)

13. What medication is a PGE1 analog that results in increased secretions of mucus and HCO3- in the GI tract?
Ovarian fibroma
Trypanosoma cruzi
Misoprostol
Kl

14. On the venous pressure curve - What do the following waves represent? - A wave?
Roth spots
Inspiratory capacity
Extrahepatic biliary atresia
Atrial contraction Atrial - Contraction - Venous

15. Is ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease more commonly associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis?
Ulcerative colitis
Nigrostriatal pathways (basal ganglia)
ATP production
K1 capsule

16. What tract carries unconscious proprioceptive information from the Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles to the cerebellum - helping monitor and modulate muscle movements?
Labile
The cat
CN III - VII - IX - and X
Lower extremity and lower trunk information travels in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The upper trunk and extremity information travels in the cuneocerebellar tract. (Cuneocerebellar and fasciculus cuneatus both apply to upper extremities.)

17. What type of collagen is associated with the basement membrane?
Type IV collagen
Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
Acetyl CoA - FADH2 - and NADH
Ipsilateral loss below the level of the lesion

18. What is the only site in the body that uses M1 receptors?
Increased CO2 - H+ - temperature - and 2 - 3- BPG levels all shift the curve to the right - thereby making the O2 easier to remove (decreased affinity) from the Hgb molecule.
The stomach
Compliance; the more compliant a lung is - the easier it is to inflate.
Left ventricle and auricle of left atrium

19. What immunologic test checks for a reaction between Abs and a particular Ag? (hint: ABO typing)
Phase II
Agglutination test
CN VI - VII - and VIII
Regular insulin

20. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Vasodilation
PGD2 - PGE2 - and PGF 2
Sensory
C1 through C4
Menses. (Ovulation occurs 14 days before the beginning of menses.)

21. What is the term to describe the average?
Embolic
Fibrocystic change of the breast. This highlights the distinguishing features from breast cancer - Which is commonly unilateral - single nodule - no variation with pregnancy.
Mean
P = .05; P < .05 rejects the null hypothesis

22. What is the epithelial cell lining the nasopharynx?
Nystagmus and ataxia
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium - which has cilia that beat toward the oropharynx.
Musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries
IL-3 (3 face down is an M)

23. Name the six vitamin K- dependent coagulation factors.
T4 - as long as T4 levels remain constant - TSH will be minimally effected by T3.
Confabulation; it is commonly seen in Korsakoff's syndrome.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Factors II - VII - IX - and X and proteins C and S.

24. What type of potential is characterized as graded - decremental - and exhibiting summation?
Mode
Subthreshold potential
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Acute tubular necrosis

25. What skin condition has irregular blotchy patches of hyperpigmentation on the face commonly associated with OCP use and pregnancy?
Calicivirus
Melasma
Niemann - Pick disease
Bacteria

26. What is the most common one? - Inflammatory arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
In the supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus; it is stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
Brain abscess
Volume of distribution is decreased when a large percentage of drug is protein bound.

27. What facultative intracellular fungus is associated with hepatosplenomegaly?
1. Notify police. 2. Try to detain the person making the threat. 3. Notify the threatened victim.
5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5- HIAA)
DHEA (androgens) Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
Histoplasma capsulatum infects the cells of the RES and can result in hepatosplenomegaly.

28. What cell of the duodenum secretes CCK?
Vitamin D
Enteroendocrine (EE) cells; they also secrete secretin.
hypophosphatemia
Positive correlation

29. What thyroid carcinoma secretes calcitonin and arises from the parafollicular C cells?
S phase
PGE2
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
ELISA is used as a screening test because it is very sensitive; Western blot is used as a confirmatory test because it detects antibodies (protein) to the HIV virus.

30. RBC casts in the urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
Megaloblasts
Planning and fine - tuning of voluntary skeletal muscle contractions. (Think coordination.) Remember - the function of the basal ganglia is to initiate gross voluntary skeletal muscle control.
Palms and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles - which are lacking on the palms and soles of the feet.

31. Which genus of dermatophytes is associated with the following sites of infection? - Hair and skin only
4.7 L - 5% of body weight
The sensory component is through the superior laryngeal nerve - and the motor limb is via the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Thyroid gland
Microsporum

32. How are resistance and length related regarding flow?
Lipid - soluble hormones are considered slow - acting hormones.
Chromosome 15 - 17
Cystadenocarcinoma
Resistance and vessel length are proportionally related. The greater the length of the vessel - the greater the resistance is on the vessel.

33. Which agent used in the treatment of asthma is a selective inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway?
Lipid - soluble hormones are considered slow - acting hormones.
Zileuton
Prader - Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome - respectively
Osteoclasts

34. What is the term for normal cellular genes associated with growth and differentiation?
Cingulate gyrus herniation (subfalcine)
Odds ratio. (Case control studies deal with prevalence.)
Polysome. Ribosomes read from the 5' to the 3' end of the mRNA.
Proto - oncogenes

35. At What age does a child develop x Preferential smile?

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36. What form of the Plasmodium species are injected into humans by mosquitoes?
Sporozoites
Thyroarytenoid muscles
Urogenital sinus
Intraductal papilloma

37. What type of hemostasis in an intravascular space consists of fibrin - platelets - RBCs - and WBCs?
Kayser - Fleischer ring
Lente insulin and either NPH or protamine zinc insulin (PZI)
Hepatitis C
Thrombus

38. What spinal nerves contribute to the pelvic splanchnic (parasympathetic) nerves that innervate the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder?
S2 - S3 - S4
Supraoptic nuclei; lesions here result in diabetes insipidus.
Alzheimer disease
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid

39. Cowdry type A bodies
Narcissistic
Median nerve
Area 17
Herpesvirus

40. Name the following descriptions associated with bacterial endocarditis: x Painless hyperemic lesions on the palms and soles
Uracil
Beryllium
Janeway lesions
Transcription (C comes before L in the alphabet - and transCription comes before transLation)

41. What is the physiologically active form of Ca2+?
Achalasia
Allograft
O2
Free ionized Ca2+

42. What paraphilia is defined as x Sexual fantasies or practices with animals?
The thyroid gland
Zoophilia
Factor XII for the intrinsic; factor VII for the extrinsic pathway
Mycoplasma

43. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - Collagen
Eosin
1. CHF 2. Vena caval obstruction or constriction 3. Hepatic cirrhosis 4. Renal artery stenosis
Odds ratio. (Case control studies deal with prevalence.)
Resistance increases as resistors are added to the circuit.

44. What is the central issue regarding the Roe vs. Wade decision (legalization of abortion)?
Clozapine
The patient decides about the health care she does or does not get even if it harms the fetus. This also means she can refuse blood transfusions even if it harms the fetus.
Twelve pairs through twelve thoracic vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Preload. It is the load on a muscle Prior to contraction.

45. What drug blocks glucose uptake - leading to decreased formation of ATP and resulting in immobilization of the parasite?
Cytosine
The coding strand is identical to mRNA - and the template strand is complementary and antiparallel.
Risperidone
Albendazole

46. What artery turns into the dorsalis pedis when it crosses the extensor retinaculum?
Anterior tibial artery
Voltage - gated potassium channels
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary
Bulbus cordis

47. What bone cell has receptors for PTH?
The deepest sleep levels (stage 3 and 4) occur mostly in the first half of sleep.
DNA polymerases
Primary Hemochromatosis
Osteoblasts (Remember - they modulate the function of osteoclasts.)

48. What part of the heart forms x Diaphragmatic wall?
Metaproterenol and albuterol
Without children (but don't think about this one for too long)
Global aphasia
Left ventricle and tip of right ventricle

49. What level of mental retardation is characterized by x Needing a highly structured environment with constant supervision?
Syphilitic
Profound (I.Q. range < 20)
Musculocutaneous nerve
The AR form is malignant and AD is benign.

50. Are more Abs produced in a primary or a secondary immune response?
More Ab is produced in less time in a secondary immune response (shorter lag period).
Alcohol abuse
Limbic system
Marfan syndrome