Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What tetracycline is associated with vestibular toxicity?
Nicotine (but it sure has a nasty withdrawal!)
Minocycline
Retinoblastoma
Macula densa

2. What operant conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Stopping the reinforcement that is leading to an undesired behavior?
Cohort studies determine incidence and causality - not prevalence.
Extinction
Ventricular fibrillation (V fib)
Effective dose for 50% of drug takers (median effective dose)

3. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Pulmonary artery and veins
T4 vertebral level posteriorly and anteriorly at the sternal angle (angle of Louis).
Middle
Ch
Bacillus anthracis

4. Name the type of graft described by these transplants: x From one species to another
Xenograft
Prophase of meiosis I (between 12th and 22nd week in utero)
Metaraminol (a1 - Beta1 )
CD3

5. Name the stages of sleep with these EEG patterns: x Sawtooth waves - random low voltage pattern
Contralateral. The spinothalamic tract enters the spinal cord and immediately synapses in the dorsal horn - crosses over - and ascends contralateral in the spinal cord - brainstem - thalamus - and postcentral gyrus.
REM
Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)
Saltatory conduction

6. What capsular serotype is associated with Escherichia coli - induced meningitis?
K1 capsule
True hermaphrodism
It repeats every 90 to 120 minutes and correlates with elevated levels of motilin.
Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)

7. Which type of hepatitis is a picornavirus?
1. Fibrillary protein 2. Amyloid protein 3. Glycosaminoglycans
Occipital lobe
Hepatitis A (infectious)
Foramen of Winslow

8. What is the epithelial lining of the prostatic portion of the urethra?
Helicobacter pylori
Transitional epithelium. The distal portion of the penile urethra is composed of stratified epithelium.
Negative correlation
Lymphoblastic lymphoma

9. What lymphoid organ has the following characteristics: outer and inner cortical areas - encapsulation - germinal centers - and high endothelial venules?
1. Increase compliance 2. Decrease surface tension 3. Decrease probability of pulmonary edema formation
Lymph nodes
In the first 3 months
NREM sleep. Night terrors are dreams that we are unable to recall.

10. Which organism causes trench fever?
Rochalimaea quintana (now called Bartonella quintana)
Nodular melanoma
Hallucinations are sensory impressions (without a stimulus); illusions are misperceptions of real stimuli; and delusions are false beliefs that are not shared by the culture.
Malpighian layer (made up of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum)

11. What somatomedin serves as a 24- hour marker of GH secretion?
If positive - hypotonic urine (osmolarity <300 mOsm/L); if negative - hypertonic urine (osmolarity > 300 mOsm/L)>>
IGF-1 (somatomedin C)
Middle
Ethyl alcohol

12. From What aortic arch are the following structures derived?
Maxillary artery
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)
Orotic acid (purine metabolism)
When the pH is more acidic than the pI - it has a net positive charge - and when the pH is more basic than the pI - it has a net negative charge.

13. From What aortic arch are the following structures derived?
Autosomal recessive
Right and left pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus
The surface of the medulla
Lower lobe

14. Name the most common type or cause - Acute metal poisoning in the United States
Parietal lobe
REM and stage 4 sleep; they decrease.
HBsAg and HBeAg
Arsenic

15. Name the most common cause - Dementia in persons aged 60 to 90 years
Alzheimer disease
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
Protein A
Urogenital sinus

16. What are the following changes seen in the luminal fluid by the time it leaves the PCT of the nephron? - Concentration of CHO - AA - ketones - peptides
Ewing sarcoma
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Giant cell tumor of the bone
No CHO - AA - ketones - or peptides are left in the tubular lumen.

17. What endocrine abnormality is characterized by the following changes in PTH - Ca2+ - and inorganic phosphate (Pi)? - PTH decreased - Ca2+ decreased - Pi increased
Microvillus
Herpes virus I and II
Deficiency in surfactant
Primary hypoparathyroidism

18. Can an acute MI be diagnosed only by looking at an ECG?
No. Remember - tests do not diagnose - they confirm or refute your diagnosis. Also - diagnosis of MI requires two of three criteria: chest pain consistent and characteristic of MI - elevated cardiac enzymes consistent with MI - and ST segment elevati
300 mOsm/L
Second M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
Hepadnavirus

19. What three vitamin deficiencies are associated with homocystinemia?
Chronic rejection
Folate - vitamin B12 - and vitamin B6
Birds
Fungi

20. What complement factor or factors are associated with x Opsonization?
First - order elimination
C3b
70S ribosomes in prokaryotes and 80S ribosomes in eukaryotes
Nucleus pulposus

21. How many pairs of spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord?
Clearance
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Medial meniscus
31 pairs

22. Are used in diagnosing CREST syndrome.
Anticentromere Abs
CML
Carnitine acyltransferase I
RNA polymerase II

23. What CN transmits sensory information from the cornea?
Ego syntonic
At least 30% blast in the bone marrow
Competitive antagonist
CN V1 - the occulomotor division of the trigeminal nerve - is the sensory component of the corneal reflex.

24. What syndrome is due to a deficiency of surfactant?
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Respiratory distress syndrome; treatment with cortisol and thyroxine can increase production of surfactant.
Skeletal muscle
Glomerular capillary pressure (increased glomerular capillary pressure - increased GFR and vice versa)

25. What is the name of hydrophilic pores that allow the direct passage of ions and particles between two adjacent cells?
Gap junctions
Posterior cruciate ligament
The lung will expand; also the opposite is true.
Adrenarche

26. What Ab is an indication of low transmissibility for hepatitis?
Anatomical dead space - which ends at the level of the terminal bronchioles.
T cells - not B cells
snRNA
HBeAb

27. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Day care - associated diarrhea in infants
Stratum corneum (keratinized)
Rotavirus
Accuracy (think of it as all the trues - because they are the ones correctly identified)
Megaloblasts

28. What are the three sites where CSF can leave the ventricles and enter the subarachnoid space? (Name the lateral and the medial foramina.)
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Variable interval
Two Lateral foramina of Luschka and 1 Medial foramen of Monroe (L for Lateral and M for Medial)
They are in ganglia in the PNS.

29. What vein is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins?
Superior vena cava
Decreases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Clearance
Kawasaki disease

30. Calf pseudohypertrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
HMG- CoA reductase
In eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia

31. What determines the Vmax of skeletal muscle?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

32. Name these immature defense mechanisms: x Inability to remember a known fact (aware of forgetting)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
The death of a spouse. The higher the score - the greater the risk of developing an illness in the next 6 months.
Chromosome 9 - 22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
Blocking

33. Name the most common type or cause - Lung abscess
Aspiration
PRPP aminotransferase
Takayasu arteritis (medium - size to large vessels)
Negative reinforcement

34. What nerve or nerves supply general sensation and taste to the posterior third of the tongue?
Urogenital sinus
Water - soluble hormones are considered fast - acting hormones.
Palatoglossus muscle is innervated by CN X; all other tongue muscles are innervated by CN XII.
CN XI and X

35. Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information:Persistent hypnozoite liver stage with relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites with oval - jagged infected RBCs; 48- hour fever spike pattern
HBc Ab
Plasmodium ovale
Stable angina
Uracil

36. What nerve and artery could be affected in a midshaft humeral fracture?
Valine
Radial nerve and the profunda brachii artery
The vestibulo - ocular reflex
Metastatic carcinoma

37. Which mycoplasma species is associated with urethritis - prostatitis - and renal calculi?
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Streptokinase
Lead
Middle meningeal artery

38. What cells of the epidermis - derived from the neural crest - act as mechanoreceptors?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

39. If the ratio of a substance's filtrate and plasma concentrations are equal - What is that substance's affect on the kidney?
Autosomal dominant
If the ratio of the filtrate to plasma concentration of a substance is equal - the substance is freely filtered by the kidney.
Volvulus
Both

40. Inhibition of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and increased CNS availability of L- dopa are results of what drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Clearance
Serotonin syndrome. It is also associated with high doses and MAOI and synthetic narcotic combinations (Ecstasy). Treatment consists of decreasing SSRI dosage - removing the causative agent - and giving cyproheptadine.
Carbidopa and benserazide
Stable

41. What is the size of a positive PPD test for the following? (Reactive) x Patient with AIDS
>5 mm
Sphingomyelin (lecithin also - but it is not a sphingolipid)
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative
Ag - Ab binding

42. What water - soluble vitamin deficiency results in pellagra?
PCR
Niacin (B3)
Transient protein C deficiency - because of its relatively short half - life - may result if warfarin is instituted alone.
Pancreas and colon

43. What eukaryotic translation enzyme is associated with the following: x Termination
Ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight
Small cell cancer of the lung
No enzymes are needed. When the stop codon reaches the A site - it results in termination.
Cyanide

44. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x hst -1 - int -2 - erb -2 - and erb -3
Breast cancer
PGE 1 - PGI 2 (most potent) - and TXA 2
Oblique fissure
Humerus (between the medial epicondyle and the trochlea)

45. What disease has multiple schwannomas - caf
Anhedonia
Without children (but don't think about this one for too long)
Impotence
Neurofibromatosis I (chromosome 22q is with neurofibromatosis II and no Lisch nodules)

46. What four substances increase the rate of gluconeogenesis?
The thalamus (I like to think of the thalamus as the executive secretary for the cerebral cortex. All information destined for the cortex has to go through the thalamus.)
Stratum corneum (keratinized)
1. Glucagon 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. ATP
Heinz bodies

47. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Neurohypophysis
CN III
Squamous cell carcinoma
Liver
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative

48. Hereditary angioneurotic edema (AD) produces local edema in organs (e.g. - GI - skin - respiratory tract). What enzyme deficiency causes increased capillary permeability due to a release of vasoactive peptides?
Conversion disorder
1. Glucose 2. Amino acid (arginine) 3. Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP) 4. Glucagon 5. Beta- Agonists 6. ACh
The renal circulation has the smallest AV O2 (high venous PO2) difference in the body because of the overperfusion of the kidneys resulting from filtration.
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH)

49. What normochromic - normocytic AD anemia has splenomegaly and increased osmotic fragility?
Esophagus and esophageal nerve plexus (CN X) Remember: 1 at T8 - 2 at T10 - and 3 at T12
Compulsions. They are actions done to fix the bad thoughts. Obsessions are the thoughts.
Marrow failure - cancer - and leukemia
Hereditary spherocytosis

50. What embryonic structure forms the adult male structure? - Ventral part of the penis
Urogenital folds
14 days in most women (Remember - the luteal phase is always constant.)
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Clostridium botulinum