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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which aminoglycoside is used only topically because it is too toxic for systemic use?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Meckel diverticulum
CN XI and X
Neomycin

2. Name the most common type or cause - Lung abscess
PGI 2
Aspiration
Streptococci
Superior and posterior

3. What type of membrane channel opens in response to depolarization?
Voltage - gated channel
Compliance; the more compliant a lung is - the easier it is to inflate.
Decreases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate.
As flow increases - the urine becomes more dilute because of decreased time for H2O reabsorption.

4. What are the three end products of amylase digestion?
1. Maltose 2. Maltotetrose 3. a - Limit dextrans (a -1 - 6 binding)
Muscle spindles
Visceral pleura
Escherichia coli

5. What glycoprotein allows platelets to adhere to von Willebrand factor?
Cross - sectional studies determine prevalence - not incidence or cause and effect.
positive correlation
Alcoholism
GP Ib

6. What is the most common one? - Form of vasculitis
A- T are linked by 2 hydrogen bonds - C- G by 3 hydrogen bonds.
Down syndrome (it is slightly more common than fragile X syndrome.)
Temporal arteritis
Xenograft

7. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Hypothalamus
Renal cell carcinoma
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative
Succinyl CoA synthetase
Toxoplasma gondii

8. A complete opposite expression of your inward feeling (e.g. - arguing all the time with someone you are attracted to when your feelings are not known)
Stable
Reaction formation
HBeAb
Both Neisseria and Moraxella are gram - negative cocci.

9. From what pharyngeal groove is the external auditory meatus derived?
Metronidazole
1. C5a 2. Leukotriene B4 3. IL-8 4. Bacterial peptides
Cholera toxin irreversibly activates the cAMP- dependent chloride pumps of the small and large intestine - producing a large volume of chloride - rich diarrhea.
First pharyngeal groove; all others degenerate.

10. Why should opioid analgesics be avoided for patients with head trauma?
IgM
Opioids cause cerebral vasodilation and can result in increased intracerebral pressure.
Deficiency in surfactant
Gaucher disease

11. What happens to O2 affinity with a decrease in p50?
9.3 L - 15% of body weight
O2 affinity increases with a decrease in the p50 - making O2 more difficult to remove from the Hgb molecule.
1. C5a 2. Leukotriene B4 3. IL-8 4. Bacterial peptides
Mikulicz syndrome

12. What is the term for the dementia characterized by decremental or patchy deterioration in cognitive function due to a cerebrovascular accident?
Mumps and influenza virus
CN III - VII - IX - and X
Vascular dementia. It is characterized as a stepwise deterioration in cognitive function.
Collecting ducts - which make them readily permeable to water reabsorption.

13. What agent is used IM to treat acute dystonias?
Diphenhydramine
1. Tinea coli 2. Haustra 3. Epiploic appendages
C1 inhibitor (C1- INH)
14 days

14. In a ventricular pacemaker cell - what phase of the action potential is affected by NE?
Cones (C for color and cones)
Indirect or unconjugated
Yes. (Remember - Jehovah's witnesses refuse blood transfusions.)
Phase 4; NE increases the slope of the prepotential - allowing threshold to be reached sooner - and increases the rate of firing.

15. Which calcium channel blocker is used to treat subarachnoid hemorrhages by preventing posthemorrhagic vasospasms?
Nimodipine
The placenta
Social learning theory
Radial nerve

16. Which tetracycline is used to treat prostatitis because it concentrates strongly in prostatic fluid?
DHEA (androgens) Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
Doxycycline
Nystagmus and ataxia
Clofazimine

17. What pancreatic islet cell tumor is associated with watery diarrhea - hypokalemia - and achlorhydria?
Proto - oncogenes
VIPoma
5 years old
The coding strand is identical to mRNA - and the template strand is complementary and antiparallel.

18. What three drugs are associated with SLE- like syndrome in slow acetylators?
Prolactin
Tropomyosin
T9
Hydralazine - isoniazid - and procainamide (HIP)

19. What is the triad of Reiter syndrome?

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20. What vitamin deficiency produces homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?
Taenia saginata
Gout
Northern blot
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)

21. A schizophrenic patient who is taking haloperidol is brought to your ER with muscle rigidity - a temperature of 104
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially life - threatening condition Which is treated with symptomatic support - bromocriptine - and dantrolene.
Necator americanus is treated with mebendazole and iron therapy.
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
Proencephalon

22. What form of dementia is characterized by onset at age 40 to 50 - rapid progression - infection by a prion - and death within 2 years?

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23. Is GH considered a gluconeogenic hormone?
Positive
Yes - it decreases fat and muscle uptake of glucose - thereby increasing blood glucose levels.
Action potential
Degenerates

24. What are the three posttranscriptional modifications?

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25. Name the three postganglionic sympathetic ganglia that receive input from thoracic splanchnics.

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26. The vertebral artery is a branch of What artery?
Liver - kidneys - and pituitary gland via 5' deiodinase enzyme
Superior
Testosterone
The subclavian artery

27. What three substances stimulate glycogenolysis?
Conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and right and left auricles
1. Ca2+ : calmodulin ratio 2. Epinephrine 3. Glucagon
PT for extrinsic and PTT for intrinsic (remember: wPeT and hPiTT - which means warfarin - extrinsic - PT; heparin - intrinsic - PTT)
After the eclipse period

28. What disease is associated with the HLA- DR2 and HLA- DR3 alleles
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sarcoidosis
Uracil
Site 4

29. Name the most common type or cause - Acute renal failure in the United States
Bacillus cereus
1. Recognize self from nonself 2. Amplify via cell division or complementation 3. Control the level of the response 4. Remove foreign material
Rhombencephalon
Acute tubular necrosis

30. Name the Hgb - O2 binding site based on the following information: x Remains attached under most physiologic conditions
Bipolar disorder (manic - depressive disorder)
Coronavirus
Liver - kidneys - and pituitary gland via 5' deiodinase enzyme
Site 1

31. Is excretion greater than or less than filtration for net secretion to occur?
Type I (makes sense - since they have a predisposition for fractures and type I collagen is associated with bones and tendons)
Polycystic ovaries
Western blot
Excretion is greater than filtration for net secretion to occur.

32. Which serotypes of HPV are associated with plantar warts?
HPV serotypes 1 and 4
They innervate skeletal muscle.
Thiazide diuretics
Two Lateral foramina of Luschka and 1 Medial foramen of Monroe (L for Lateral and M for Medial)

33. What is the MCC of the following meningitides? - In renal transplant patients
Listeria monocytogenes
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
The substantia nigra is the largest nucleus in the midbrain. It contains melanin and uses GABA and dopamine as its neurotransmitters.
Granulosa cell

34. Is masturbation considered an abnormal sexual practice?
No. It is abnormal only if it interferes with normal sexual or occupational function.
Acanthosis nigricans
Tip of the left ventricle
Chloral hydrate

35. What is the most common one? - Form of muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Brushfield spots
Renal cell carcinoma
LC4 - LD4 - and LE 4

36. What are the three major functions of secretory IgA?
White rami are preganglionic fibers - whereas grey rami are postganglionic fibers.
Hurler syndrome and Hunter syndrome - respectively
1. IgA receptor 2. Transport of IgA across epithelial barriers 3. Protection of IgA from degradative proteases
5HT1D

37. Which of the following is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system: trachea - bronchi - alveoli - or larynx?
Since CO2 is 24 times as soluble as O2 - the rate at which CO2 is brought to the membrane determines its rate of exchange - making it perfusion - limited a gas. For O2 the more time it is in contact with the membrane - the more likely it will diffuse
Alveoli; they are part of the respiratory portion.
Cancer
Estrone

38. Damage to what nerve will give you winged scapula?
Long thoracic nerve. To avoid confusing long thoracic nerve and lateral thoracic artery: long has an n for nerve; lateral has an a for artery.
Estrogen can result in a hypercoagulable state because of the decrease in AT III and increase in factors II - VII - IX - and X.
Transitional cell carcinoma
Production of HCO3- - shifting the reaction to the left and thereby decreasing H+

39. What is the relationship between chance of error and x Standard deviation?
Profound (I.Q. range < 20)
As the standard deviation increases - the greater the chance of error.
Afterload
Propionic acid

40. What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?
Resorb CSF into the blood
The conus medullaris terminates at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
T3 increases both heart rate and cardiac output by increasing the number of Beta - receptors and their sensitivity to catecholamines.
Primase

41. How are pulse pressure and compliance related?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
They are inversely proportional to each other; as pulse pressure increases - compliance decreases.
Cytochrome c
Cefamandole - cefoperazone - and moxalactam

42. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Hydroxyurea
Superior
Burkitt lymphoma
S phase
Cones (C for color and cones)

43. Which carcinoma
Metaplasia (usually to a more protective cell type)
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with hepatitis B and C infections - not with EBV.
Monocytosis
Uracil

44. What deep cerebellar nuclei receive Purkinje cell projections in x The vermis?
The fastigial nucleus
Left homonymous hemianopsia
3 months of symptoms in 2 consecutive years
1. VSD 2. ASD 3. PDA

45. What mineral is a component of cytochrome a/a3?
Hormone - sensitive lipase
Haloperidol and fluphenazine (but use of any high - potency phenothiazine runs the risk of EPS)
Copper
Third week; they are derived from the wall of the yolk sac.

46. What is the most common one? - Benign tumor of the ovary
More than 75% of the vessel
Loss of hypotonic fluid (alcohol - diabetes insipidus - dehydration)
Serocystadenoma
Mitosis

47. Is allopurinol used in the acute treatment of gout?
No - it is used in chronic treatment of gout to decrease the uric acid pools in the body.
It both begins and ends at T4 (sternal angle [of Louis]).
Transudative; exudative has the opposite values and has an elevated cellular content.
Housemaid's knee

48. What is the epithelial lining of the prostatic portion of the urethra?
Transitional epithelium. The distal portion of the penile urethra is composed of stratified epithelium.
IgG4
Fading
Cingulate gyrus herniation (subfalcine)

49. The elimination of the unfertilized egg. In females - meiosis II is incomplete unless fertilization takes place.
In the first and second bronchi
Alcoholics Anonymous
Recall bias. These problems arise in retrospective studies.
Menses

50. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - GABA
Lactose must be present and glucose must be absent
The larger the volume of distribution - the lower the plasma concentration of a drug.
The otic ganglion. (These fibers are carried in CN IX. Remember it like this: the - oti - is in both otic ganglion and parotid gland.)
Glutamate