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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which aminoglycoside is used only topically because it is too toxic for systemic use?
Reticulocyte
HBcAb IgG - HBV- DNA - HBeAg - HBsAg
Neomycin
Coronary circulation

2. What viral infection in patients with sickle cell anemia results in aplastic crisis?
Saccule and utricle
Actinomyces israelii
Parvovirus B 19
Id

3. What vertebral level is marked by the xiphoid process?
Live vaccines
Penicillamine - EDTA (calcium disodium edetate) - or dimercaprol
T9
Salmonella typhi

4. How do the corticobulbar fibres of CN VII differ from the rest of the CNs?
Papule
Inferior Oblique (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
Normally corticobulbar fiber innervation of the CNs is bilateral (the LMN receives information from both the left and right cerebral cortex) - but with CN VII the LMN of the upper face receives bilateral input but the lower facial LMNs receive only c
Intrapleural pressure at the base is -2.5 cm H2O (more positive than the mean) - resulting in a force to collapse the alveoli.

5. What are the most common causes of osteomyelitis x In drug addicts?
The primitive streak grows caudal to rostral.
Pseudomonas
First - order elimination
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

6. Where does Beta - oxidation of very long chain fatty acids begin?
In the peroxisome until it is 10 carbons long; the rest is completed in the mitochondria.
Hematoxylin
Toxoplasmosis (although you should rule out cerebral abscess due to other organisms)
Tensor tympani

7. What type II hypersensitivity disorder is defined as x Autoantibodies directed against RBC Ag I?
Glucose and galactose
Interferons
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
<2

8. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x hst -1 and int -2
Bell pad
Proud flesh
Melanoma - cancer of the stomach and bladder
Hirschsprung's disease (colonic gangliosus)

9. What somatoform disorder is described as x Preoccupied with illness or death - persisting despite reassurance - lasting longer than 6 months?

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10. What are the five components of portal HTN?
1. Caput medusae 2. Esophageal varices 3. Ascites 4. Splenomegaly 5. Hemorrhoids
Pyrantel pamoate
O2 affinity increases with a decrease in the p50 - making O2 more difficult to remove from the Hgb molecule.
after abortion

11. What form of estrogen is of placental origin?
Purkinje cell is the fastest - and the AV node is the slowest.
Acetyl CoA and propionyl CoA (in odd chain fatty acids)
CN III and IV
Estriol

12. What HIV enzyme produces a dsDNA provirus?
They innervate skeletal muscle.
Necator americanus is treated with mebendazole and iron therapy.
Reverse transcriptase
Substantia nigra

13. What causes slow writhing movements (athetosis)?
Tensor tympani
Bcl -2
Hypermyelination of the corpus striatum and the thalamus (seen in cerebral palsy)
Zinc (Zn) deficiency

14. What is the term for production of a DNA copy from an RNA molecule?
Chromomycosis
Calcium oxalate
Posterior interventricular artery
Reverse transcription

15. What IL is important in myeloid cell development?
IL-3 (3 face down is an M)
Addition (They are mutually exclusive.)
Howell - Jolly bodies
Humerus with ulna (major) and radius (minor)

16. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in cholesterol metabolism?
45XO
HMG- CoA reductase
Ganglioside
Fluconazole

17. What enzyme is deficient in the following glycogen storage disease? - von Gierke's disease
Mees lines
Glucose -6- phosphatase
Rochalimaea quintana (now called Bartonella quintana)
Volkmann's contracture

18. What branch off the vertebral artery supplies x The ventrolateral two - thirds of the cervical spinal cord and the ventrolateral part of the medulla?
Anterior spinal artery
The coding strand is identical to mRNA - and the template strand is complementary and antiparallel.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Apoptosis (Remember - there is a lack of inflammatory response.)

19. What ovarian carcinoma is characterized by psammoma bodies?
Toxic dose for 50% of drug takers (median toxic dose)
Cystadenocarcinoma
Fibrinoid necrosis
Calcitriol

20. What is the label given to an individual whose IQ is x Below 69
Homeodomain proteins
The conversion of tyrosine to dopamine in the cytoplasm
Capillaries
Mentally disabled

21. What genus of bacteria is described by catalase - positive - gram - positive cocci in clusters?
Infant Doe. Generally - parents cannot forego lifesaving treatment - but this case states that there are exceptions to the rule.
Zero - order elimination
1. IgA receptor 2. Transport of IgA across epithelial barriers 3. Protection of IgA from degradative proteases
Staphylococcus

22. Does O2 or CO2 have a higher driving force across the alveolar membrane?
O2 has a higher driving force but is only one - twenty- fourth as soluble as CO2. CO 2 has a very small partial pressure difference across the alveolar membrane (47-40 = 7 mmHg) - but it is extremely soluble and therefore diffuses readily across the
Alveoli; they are part of the respiratory portion.
10% are bilateral - 10% malignant - and 10% familial - 10% in children - and 10% outside the adrenal gland
Medial nuclear group (limbic system)

23. What virus causes hoof - and - mouth disease?
VLDLs
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Acetoacetate - acetone - and Beta- hydroxybutyrate
Campylobacter jejuni

24. What is the fluid of the posterior compartment of the eye?
Vitreous humor
No. Heparin is safe in pregnancy - but warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of its ability to cross the placenta.
In the first 3 months
It normally does not play a role in filtration but becomes important when there is an obstruction downstream.

25. What is the amount in liters and percent body weight for the following compartments? - Interstitial fluid
Conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia - a transport defect
Phase II
Nodular sclerosis
9.3 L - 15% of body weight

26. Name the three postganglionic sympathetic ganglia that receive input from thoracic splanchnics.

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27. What is the most common one? - Form of muscular dystrophy
Proton pump inhibitors
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Cancer
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

28. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Withdrawn - fearful - explosive moods - violent outbursts - and loss of inhibitions
Helicase (requires ATP for energy)
Chemotaxis
Orbitomedial frontal lobe
Plasmodium falciparum

29. What substance is secreted by parietal glands and is required for life?
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
Class II
Intrinsic factor (IF)
G0 phase

30. Prevents restriction endonuclease from cutting its own chromosomes.
The kidneys excrete the excess nitrogen from the body as urea in the urine.
Herpesvirus
Methylation of bacterial DNA
Nominal scale (categorical - e.g. - male or female)

31. What type II hypersensitivity disorder is defined as x Autoantibodies directed against the TSH receptor?
Lateral compartment of the leg - superficial peroneal nerve
Graves disease
Niacin (B3)
Four high energy bonds - two from ATP in AA activation and two from GTP

32. If the radius of a vessel is decreased by half - what happens to the resistance?
Ticlopidine or clopidogrel
No - unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds.
The resistance increases 16- fold.
Thymine

33. What form of diabetes insipidus is due to an insufficient amount of ADH for the renal collecting ducts?
Kinesins. Dynein generates retrograde transportation of information.
Herpes II
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus; in the nephrogenic form there is sufficient ADH available - but the renal collecting ducts are impermeable to its actions.
Pseudohyphae

34. What AD dementia has a defect in chromosome 4 - onset between the ages of 30 and 40 - choreoathetosis - and progressive deterioration to an infantile state?
Repaglinide
Prefrontal cortex; it is in front of the premotor area.
IF
Huntington's chorea. (Death in 15-20 years - often via suicide.)

35. Name the DNA virus: x Partially dsDNA circular; enveloped; virion - associated polymerases; has RNA intermediate; replicates in the nucleus
As the standard deviation increases - the greater the chance of error.
Mikulicz syndrome
produce bile
Hepadnavirus

36. Which drug is used to treat opioid withdrawal - ADHD - and sometimes Tourette's syndrome?
Clonidine
CLL (B- cell origin)
Free - unprocessed Ag
Terminal bronchioles. (No gas exchange occurs here.)

37. What form of depression is due to abnormal metabolism of melatonin?
Seasonal affective disorder (treat with bright light therapy)
Histone acetylases is a regulator favoring gene expression. All of the others favor inactivation.
Dynorphin
1. Glucagon 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. ATP

38. Which region of the variable domain comprises the Ag - binding site of the Ab?
Hypervariable region (three per light chain; three per heavy chain)
14 days
Stable (Labile cells proliferate throughout life; stable cells have a low level of proliferation; and permanent cells as the name states - do not proliferate.)
Arnold - Chiari malformation type 2

39. What adrenal enzyme deficiency can be summed up as a mineralocorticoid deficiency - glucocorticoid deficiency - and an excess of adrenal androgens?
HBsAg as its envelope
Metaproterenol and albuterol
21-Beta- Hydroxylase deficiency leads to hypotension - hyponatremia - and virilization.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

40. What are the primary neurotransmitters at the following sites? - Brainstem cells
Serotonin
CCK stimulates the pancreas to release amylase - lipase - and proteases for digestion.
Chromosome 19
PGE2

41. What neurotransmitter is presynaptically inhibited by reserpine and guanethidine?
Nucleus pulposus
Courvoisier's law
NE
The alveolar PO2 and PCO2 levels

42. What is the rate - limiting step in a conduction of a NMJ?
Voltage - gated calcium channel
GH - especially IGF-1. GH also increases the incorporation of thymidine in DNA synthesis and uridine in RNA synthesis.
The time it takes ACh to diffuse to the postjunctional membrane
Glucuronidation

43. What AR syndrome is due to a deficiency of glycoprotein Ib - resulting in a defect in platelet adhesion?
NH4+(ammonium)
17- alpha - Hydroxylase deficiency
Bernard - Soulier syndrome
1. Clavulanic acid 2. Sulbactam 3. Tazobactam

44. What receptors are the best markers for NK cells?
CD16 and CD56
Curling ulcers (think curling iron = burn)
Ungated channels
Albinism

45. What component of the ANS is responsible for dilation of the blood vessels in the erectile tissue of the penis - resulting in an erection?
Ovarian cancer
CHF - cirrhosis - and nephrosis
Hypertrophic scar
Parasympathetics (parasympathetics point - sympathetics shoot)

46. Is encapsulated.
Sj
Mumps
Gonococcus
C- peptide levels

47. Which subtype of AML is most commonly associated with Auer rods?
Paneth cells
Amantadine
M3 (promyelocytic leukemia)
Complex I

48. What branches of CN X are the sensory and motor components of the cough reflex? Be specific.
The sensory component is through the superior laryngeal nerve - and the motor limb is via the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The resistance increases 16- fold.
Occulta All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
The negative charge inhibits the filtration of protein anions.

49. What is the most common one? - Site of ulcerative colitis
Rectum
Encapsulated bacteria
Tensor tympani
Lente insulin and either NPH or protamine zinc insulin (PZI)

50. Which muscarinic receptor uses a decrease in adenyl cyclase as its second messenger?
Baseline apical intrapleural pressure is -10 cm H2O (more negative than the mean) resulting in a force to expand the alveoli.
M 2
Peroxidase - Which is also needed for iodination and coupling inside the follicular cell
Missense