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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the most common one? - Viral cause of myocarditis
Coxsackie B
First pharyngeal groove; all others degenerate.
Waterhouse - Friderichsen syndrome
Sucralfate

2. Describe the loss for each of the following in a hemisection of the spinal cord. (Brown - S
Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis
Transferrin
Staphylococcus
4.5 years old (Alphabetic order except with a diamond last: circle - cross - rectangle - square - triangle)

3. Curschmann spirals
Average
Relaxation of the diaphragm increases the intrapleural pressure (becomes more positive).
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). It is negative in patients with CGD because there is no production of oxygen radicals.

4. What fungus causes endocarditis in IV drug users?
Tip of the loop of Henle (1200 mOsm/L)
No. Heparin is safe in pregnancy - but warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of its ability to cross the placenta.
Lateral compartment of the leg - superficial peroneal nerve
Candida albicans

5. What determines the Vmax of skeletal muscle?

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6. What is the precursor of all sphingolipids?
Ceramide
Acetylcholinesterase breaks ACh into acetate and choline (which gets resorbed by the presynaptic nerve terminal).
Lactose must be present and glucose must be absent
It is produced by the preload on the muscle prior to contraction.

7. In a negatively skewed curve is the mean greater than the mode?
Yes. In a negatively skewed distribution the mean is greater than the median is greater than the mode.
reflexes
Microcytotoxic assay
Reye syndrome

8. What are the cells of the parathyroid gland that produce PTH?
Penicillin V
Chief cells
Residual volume
FSH

9. What illegal drug can cause rhabdomyolysis - MI - cerebral infarct - and lethal cardiac arrhythmias?
MGN
Cocaine
Lac repressor protein
Nominal scale (categorical - e.g. - male or female)

10. What is the only DNA virus that is not icosahedral?
Poxvirus
Baseline apical intrapleural pressure is -10 cm H2O (more negative than the mean) resulting in a force to expand the alveoli.
Increase the concentration of enzymes
Formation of an identity through issues of independence and rebellion; they define who they are.

11. What five cofactors and coenzymes are required by pyruvate dehydrogenase?
1. TTP 2. Lipoic acid 3. Coenzyme A from pantothenate 4. NAD(H) (from niacin or tryptophan) 5. FADH2 (from riboflavin)
Formal operations (> 12 years)
CN III and IV
Herpesvirus

12. Which streptococcal species is characterized by being catalase negative - turning bile esculin agar black - producing a positive PYR test - and resulting in biliary and urinary tract infections?
Enterococcus (Streptococcus faecalis)
Chromosome 6
Series circuit
Fentanyl

13. What is the name of the regulatory protein that covers the attachment site on actin in resting skeletal muscle?
Ventral anterior nucleus
Glucose
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Tropomyosin

14. When do hCG concentrations peak in pregnancy?
PGI 2
In the first 3 months
Hyperkalemia
Clonidine

15. Renal epithelial casts in the urine
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acting out

16. What is the rate - limiting step of the following? - Beta- Oxidation
Proximal to distal progression
Motor
Carnitine acyltransferase I
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

17. Name the most common type or cause - Childhood heart disease in the United States
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Raloxifene
Congenital heart disease
APocrinE glands (APES is my memory aid) Axilla - Areola - and Anus all begin with A. APES are hairy (associated with hair follicles). They smell (odor production) - and if confronted by an APE - your Adrenergic nervous system would be firing (innerva

18. What hormone disorder is characterized by the following abnormalities in sex steroids? - LH? - and FSH?? - Sex steroids - LH - FSH
Pituitary hypogonadism
Rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes (with HLA- DR3)
Thymus gland. (Thymus gland is essential for T cell maturation.)
Test - retest reliability

19. With an increase in arterial systolic pressure - what happens to x Stroke volume?
overall dopamine activity
At least 15%
In eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
Increases

20. At the level of rib 6 - the internal thoracic artery divides into What two arteries?
Retinoblastoma
Musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries
Ego dystonic
PCT

21. Which anticonvulsant is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and for migraine headaches?
Phase 4; ACh hyperpolarizes the cell via increasing potassium conductance - taking longer to reach threshold and slowing the rate of firing.
Valproic acid
AML- M3
Neisseria meningitidis

22. Is the carotid sinus sensitive to pressure or oxygen?

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23. Which class of antiarrhythmics are potassium channel blockers?
Class III
At least 15%
Increase in urinary excretion of HCO3- - shifting the reaction to the right and increasing H+
Beta2- integrins

24. What form of renal tubular reabsorption is characterized by low back leaks - high affinity of a substance - and easy saturation? It is surmised that the entire filtered load is reabsorbed until the carriers are saturated - and then the rest is excret
There are two eukaryotic upstream promoters. The TATA box is -25 base pairs upstream; the CAAT box is -75 bases upstream.
Physiologic antagonism
Ovulation
A transport maximum (Tm) system

25. What vitamin is needed for the production of heme?
Somatoform pain disorder
Pyridoxine (B6)
Formal operations (> 12 years)
Metabolic rate and alveolar ventilation (main factor)

26. What capsular serotype is associated with Escherichia coli - induced meningitis?
Osteoblasts (Remember - they modulate the function of osteoclasts.)
K1 capsule
t the end of the PCT 25% of Na+ - Cl - - K+ is left
Moderate (35-49)

27. What water - soluble - vitamin deficiency may result from eating raw eggs?
No - you never refuse to treat a patient simply because he or she can't pay. You are a patient advocate.
Biotin (only if eaten in large quantities)
Impotence
Osteopetrosis (Albers - Sch

28. What is the term for a RBC that has a peripheral rim of Hgb with a dark central Hgb - containing area?
1. Protest 2. Despair 3. Detachment
Target cell
Separation anxiety
Secondary hypoparathyroidism (vitamin D toxicity)

29. Name the cancer associated with the following tumor markers. (Some may have more than one answer.) x CEA
Liquefaction necrosis
Hypervariable region
Cancer of the lung - stomach - colon - and breast
These are the gross pathologic changes associated with Alzheimer's disease.

30. What area of the small intestine is characterized by Peyer's patches?
Ileum
The concentration of plasma proteins determines effective osmolarity because capillary membranes are freely permeable to all substances except proteins.
Triazolam
Resistance and vessel length are proportionally related. The greater the length of the vessel - the greater the resistance is on the vessel.

31. What are the four ways to down - regulate the immune system?
1. Decrease concentrations of Ag levels 2. Administer IgG in high concentrations 3. Inhibit B cells with Ag bound to IgG (complexes) 4. Turn off the original T or B cell with anti - Ab
Alzheimer's (dementia of Alzheimer's type - DAT). (Remember - Alzheimer's constitutes 65% of dementias seen in patients 65 years old.)
Increase in erythropoietin and increase in 2 - 3- BPG - also called 2 - 3- diphosphoglycerate (2 - 3- P2Gri) (increase in glycolysis)
Cytokine. If a cytokine affects another class of leukocytes - it is called an interleukin.

32. What is the most common one? - Renal cell cancer type
Antigenic determinant (epitope). (Idiotypes bind to epitopes.)
Order of attachment is site 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - and for release is 4 - 3 - 2 - 1.
Spermatogonia (type A)
Clear cell

33. Are the following major or minor Jones criteria of rheumatic fever? - Erythema marginatum
Compliance (think of it as distensibility)
Dihydropteroate synthetase
Respiratory depression
Major

34. What are the three characteristics of ADHD?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
IgE
M 2
1. Short attention span 2. Impulsivity 3. Hyperactivity

35. A clear - hypertonic solution with higher concentrations of K + and HCO3- - than the serum.
Palms and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles - which are lacking on the palms and soles of the feet.
Trichophyton
In eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.
CSF

36. What is flat - circumscribed nonpalpable pigmented change up to 1 cm?
VIP is an inhibitory parasympathetic neurotransmitter that results in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Macule (e.g. - a freckle)
Red blood cell distribution width index (RDW)
Myasthenia gravis

37. What is the term for a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies or desires?
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
refuse
Bisphosphonates
1. VSD 2. ASD 3. PDA

38. Name the most common type or cause - Rectal bleeding
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Diverticulosis
Denial
Hapten; if it is coupled with a carrier - it may become immunogenic.

39. If a lesion occurs before the onset of puberty and arrests sexual development - What area of the hypothalamus is affected?
TCR
Left anterior descending artery
Preoptic area of the hypothalamus; if the lesion occurs after puberty - amenorrhea or impotence will be seen.
Streptokinase

40. There is no hormonal control to the...
Clozapine
Obsessive - compulsive
TCA cycle.
Pyelonephritis

41. A patient goes to the ER with signs and symptoms of biliary colic. Which opioid analgesic do you choose?
Superior vena cava
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
Spasms of the uterus - bladder - and the biliary tree occur with all of the opioids except meperidine.
Proencephalon

42. Name these mature defense mechanisms: x Converting an unacceptable impulse to a socially acceptable form (Hint: it is the most mature of all defense mechanisms)
Sublimation
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Splenic flexure
O2 affinity increases with a decrease in the p50 - making O2 more difficult to remove from the Hgb molecule.

43. What cell membrane structure increases the surface area of a cell and has actin randomly assorted within its structure?
Frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8)
Microvillus
(MA/CA) x 100 = IQ score - where MA = mental age and CA = chronological age
1. Caput medusae 2. Esophageal varices 3. Ascites 4. Splenomegaly 5. Hemorrhoids

44. Indicates the patient has active pulmonary disease.
Recall bias. These problems arise in retrospective studies.
Protease - integrase - and reverse transcriptase
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic subaortic stenosis - or IHSS)
A positive PPD skin test

45. What platelet disorder is characteristically seen in children following a bout of gastroenteritis with bloody diarrhea?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Rhinoviruses for summer and fall; coronaviruses for winter and spring
Sheehan syndrome
Pons

46. In what compartment of the thigh is the profundus femoris artery found?

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47. Being college educated increases a man's risk of having...
2 ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation
premature ejaculation
nef and tat genes
When showing two pictures in rapid succession - you split the pictures half a second apart - resulting in the second picture masking the first (indicating poor short - term memory). This is seen in nearly 33% of schizophrenic patients.

48. What is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
Social learning theory
Cancer
LGB (think EYES)
Alzheimer disease

49. What is the name of the tremor that occurs during movements and is absent while the person is at rest?
Intention tremor; it is a sign of cerebellar lesions. A tremor at rest (i.e. - pill rolling) is seen in basal ganglia lesions.
Sympathetic nervous system
Catechol - O- methyl transferase (COMT)
The dose of glipizide must be decreased in hepatic dysfunction. Glyburide's dose must be decreased in renal dysfunction.

50. Which bacteria are associated with the following pigment production? - Red pigmentation
Calcium influx secondary to slow channel opening
Serratia
Carbamazepine
Poxvirus

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USMLE Step 1 Prep

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