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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What pneumoconiosis is associated with exposure to the following occupations or materials? - Shipyards - brake linings - insulation - and old building construction
2 ATPs by oxidative phosphorylation
7 to 14 days
Area 6
Asbestosis
2. What is the first membrane - bound Ig on B cell membranes?
Adenovirus
IgM; IgD follows shortly thereafter.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Anterior spinal artery
3. What disease is a cavitation of the spinal cord causing bilateral loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion?
The substantia nigra is the largest nucleus in the midbrain. It contains melanin and uses GABA and dopamine as its neurotransmitters.
Axis IV
Syringomyelia
Methicillin
4. What pancreatic islet cell tumor is associated with hypoglycemia - sweating - hunger - confusion - and increased C- peptide levels?
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)
Proencephalon
Voltage - gated potassium channels
Insulinoma
5. What thyroid abnormality has the following? - TRH decreased - TSH decreased - T4 increased
IL-4
Graves disease (Increased T4 decreases TRH and TSH through negative feedback.)
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
Pheochromocytoma
6. Is bone deposition or resorption due to increased interstitial Ca2+concentrations?
No - unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds.
Bunyavirus
Bone deposition increases with increased Ca2+ or PO 4- concentrations - whereas resorption (breakdown) is increased when there are low levels of Ca2+ or PO4-.
Secondary hyperthyroidism (Increased TSH results in increased T4 production and increased negative feedback on to hypothalamus and decreased release of TRH.)
7. What are the four major functions of the acquired immune system?
1. Recognize self from nonself 2. Amplify via cell division or complementation 3. Control the level of the response 4. Remove foreign material
In the mouth with salivary a - amylase (ptyalin)
Hapten (not immunogenic)
Posterior
8. What class of drugs is used in the treatment of demineralization of the bone?
Bisphosphonates
Superoxide dismutase - glutathione peroxidase - catalase
Clavicle - acromion - and glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus
Cushing's disease (pituitary) has elevated ACTH and cortisol suppression with dexamethasone - whereas Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) has decreased ACTH and no cortisol suppression with dexamethasone.
9. What is the primary method of nonverbal communication of emotional states?
Ceramide
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
Lung cancer
Facial expression (the second is vocal intonation)
10. What is the most common one? - Liver tumor
Scleroderma
Metastatic carcinoma
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Thyroid hormones are necessary for conversion of carotene to vitamin A.
11. What hormone is required for 1 - 25- dihydroxy- vitamin D (1 - 25- diOH- D) to have bone resorbing effects?
Gardnerella vaginalis
Respiratory depression
Ventral posteromedial nucleus
PTH
12. What chromosome 4 - AD disorder is a degeneration of GABA neurons in the striatum of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia?
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13. Name the T- cell CD marker: Is a costimulatory molecule in T cell activation
CD28
Sphingomyelinase
RSV
Eosinophil chemotactic factor A
14. What organelles make ATP - have their own dsDNA - and can synthesize protein?
Group A Beta- hemolytic streptococci
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract; the accessory cuneate nucleus is the second nucleus for the cuneocerebellar tract.
Gradient - time system
Mitochondria
15. In what pathway of the basal ganglia do lesions result in an underactive cortex with hypokinetic - slow - or absent spontaneous movement?
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16. What Freudian psyche component is described as x Reality - rationality - language basis?
X- linked recessive
Adhesions and hernias
Group A Beta- hemolytic streptococci
Ego
17. What restriction endonuclease site is destroyed in sickle Beta- globin allele?
Pubis - ilium - and ischium
MstII; changing codon 6 (from A to T) destroys the restriction site.
Increased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)
Listeria monocytogenes
18. What is the best measure of total body vitamin D if you suspect a deficiency?
Osteoporosis
Serum 25- hydroxy- vitamin D (25- OH- D)
1. CNS 2. Renal tubules 3. Beta Islet cells of the pancreas 4. RBCs 5. GI mucosa
Both
19. What type of correlation is defined as x Two variables with no linear relation to one another?
Follicular adenoma
Pyloric stenosis
Zero correlation
Corticosteroid
20. What antiviral agent is used to treat RSV - influenza A and B - Lassa fever - and hantavirus and as an adjunct to IFN- in hepatitis C?
The renal circulation has the smallest AV O2 (high venous PO2) difference in the body because of the overperfusion of the kidneys resulting from filtration.
Ribavirin
Schistosoma have separate males and females.
100% - with about 20% remaining positive after 1 year
21. Name the most common type or cause - Sudden cardiac death
env structural protein
positive correlation
Ventricular fibrillation (V fib)
The gut rotates clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery.
22. Projectile nonbilious vomiting and a small knot at the right costal margin (olive sign) are hallmarks of What embryonic disorder?
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
LTC4 - LTD4 - and LTE4
Howell - Jolly bodies
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of the muscularis externa - resulting in a narrowed pyloric outlet
23. What syndrome is characterized by embryologic failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches resulting in hypocalcemia - tetany - and T- cell deficiency?
Edinger - Westphal nucleus (via CN III)
DiGeorge syndrome
Vibrio cholera
Transient hypogammaglobinemia of infancy; it usually resolves by age 16 to 30 months.
24. What enzyme does HIV use to integrate the proviral dsDNA into the host?
X- linked recessive
Chlortetracycline
Integrase
Leiomyoma (fibroids)
25. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in cholesterol metabolism?
HMG- CoA reductase
Sheehan syndrome
HBsAb IgG
Postinfectious GN
26. What is the term of the viral growth period when no viruses can be found intracellularly?
Exogenous steroids suppress LH release and result in Leydig cell atrophy. Testosterone - produced by Leydig cells - is needed for spermatogenesis.
60%
Beta- Galactosidase
Eclipse period
27. What type of error is made if you accept the null hypothesis when it is false?
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28. Name the associated chromosome - Neurofibromatosis type 1
The first trimester
Chromosome 17
A Ghon focus is a TB tubercle - whereas a Ghon complex is a focus with hilar lymph node involvement.
Public speaking (Remember: stage fright)
29. Name these narcissistic defense mechanisms: x Everything in the world is perceived as either good or bad . No middle ground; it is all extremes.
Splitting
Clonorchis sinensis
Staphylococcus aureus
Plasmodium vivax
30. What hormone disorder is characterized by the following abnormalities in sex steroids? - LH? - and FSH?? - Sex steroids - LH - FSH
Primary Hemochromatosis
The concentration of plasma proteins determines effective osmolarity because capillary membranes are freely permeable to all substances except proteins.
There are two bacterial promoter regions upstream. The TATA box is - 10 base pairs upstream - and the -35 promoter site is self - explanatory.
Pituitary hypogonadism
31. What family do the following viruses belong to? - RSV
Hydralazine
Molybdenum (Mb)
Two major or one major and two minor
Paramyxovirus
32. Name the associated chromosome - Edward syndrome
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
The reduviid bug
Chromosome 18
Correlation. No - correlation does not imply causation.
33. Which two tetracyclines have the highest plasma binding?
Cervical neoplasia
Polyarteritis nodosa
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Doxycycline and minocycline
34. In What area of the GI tract are water - soluble vitamins absorbed?
Receptive aphasia is due to a lesion in Brodmann areas 22 - 39 - and 40; generally the patient is unaware of the deficit.
Duodenum
The pulmonary vein - which carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium.
Angiosarcoma of the liver
35. What thyroid abnormality has the following? - TRH decreased - TSH decreased - T4 increased
Dependent
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Recovery and death
Secondary hyperthyroidism (Increased TSH results in increased T4 production and increased negative feedback on to hypothalamus and decreased release of TRH.)
36. What oxygen - dependent killing enzyme requires hydrogen peroxide and halide (Cl -) to produce hypochlorous acid?
Myeloperoxidase
Histamine
Heparin - intrinsic pathway - PTT; warfarin - extrinsic pathway - PT (mnemonic: hPeT - wPiTT)
Median nerve lesion
37. What type of cerebral bleed is due to a rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis?
Subarachnoid hematoma
Citrate - via the citrate shuttle
Heterochromatin - the light stuff in the nucleus on an electron microscope image.
Clonidine
38. Which hepatitis virus is in the Flaviviridae family?
Chi - square.
excites the neuron
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Hepatitis C
39. What AA is substituted for glutamic acid at position 6 on the Beta - chain in patients with sickle cell anemia?
Valine
Spleen
Berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with hepatitis B and C infections - not with EBV.
40. What type of lysosome is formed when lysosome fuses with a substrate for breakdown?
No. Heparin is safe in pregnancy - but warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of its ability to cross the placenta.
alpha2- Receptors
Secondary lysosome (think of the primary as inactive and secondary as active)
Postinfectious GN
41. What disease caused by decompression sickness leads to multiple foci of ischemic necrosis that affect the head of the femur - humerus - and tibia?
Reverse transcriptase
Loose association
Caisson disease
Increases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42. What are the CAGE questions?
Fanconi - like syndrome
Cut down (ever tried and failed?) Annoyed (criticism makes angry?) Guilty (about drinking behavior?) Eye opener (drinking to shake out the cobwebs?)
Ataxia - telangiectasia
Superior
43. Name the MCC of death - In diabetic individuals
MI
TXA2
The substantia nigra is the largest nucleus in the midbrain. It contains melanin and uses GABA and dopamine as its neurotransmitters.
Nucleolus. Ribosomal assembly also takes place in the nucleolus.
44. What CNS developmental abnormality is associated with 90% of syringomyelia?
Mantle cell lymphoma
Arnold - Chiari malformation type 2
pI (isoelectric point)
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cell
45. Name the hormone
Neisseria meningitides
Thrombocytopenia - eczema - and immunodeficiency is the triad of this X- linked recessive disorder.
True hermaphrodism
Epinephrine
46. Does the left or right vagus nerve innervate the SA node?
HPV
Right vagus innervates the SA node and the left vagus innervates the AV node
The aorta has the greatest velocity and the capillaries have the slowest velocity.
Cause - specific mortality rate
47. What is the site of action for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
1. Fructokinase 2. Glucokinase 3. Glycerol kinase 4. PEPCK 5. Pyruvate carboxylase 6. Galactokinase 7. Fructose -1 - 6- bisphosphatase 8. Glucose -6- phosphatase
A positive AV difference indicates that a substance is extracted by the organ - and a negative difference indicates that it is produced by the organ.
Proximal tubule
Hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries (promotes filtration)
48. What is the MCC of the following meningitides? - In neonates to 3 months of age
Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholera
Parvovirus B 19
Ethyl alcohol
49. Protein production - bile secretion - detoxification - conjugation - and lipid storage.
Yes. It is also a cause of cancers of the lung - esophagus - ureter - and kidney - just to Name a few.
Carbidopa and benserazide
Functions of hepatocytes
At birth (reflex)
50. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Atractyloside
Normal values
Chief cells
Pearson correlation
ATP/ADP Translocase
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