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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What virus is associated with the endemic form of Burkitt lymphoma?
HBsAg (incubation period)
CN V1 - the occulomotor division of the trigeminal nerve - is the sensory component of the corneal reflex.
EBV
Herpes virus I and II
2. What is the most common one? - Renal pathology in patients with SLE
Diffuse proliferative GN
Visceral pleura
Stable
Chromosome 12
3. What area of the female reproductive tract is lined by stratified squamous epithelium rich in |glycogen?
Amanita phalloides
The vagina
Two Lateral foramina of Luschka and 1 Medial foramen of Monroe (L for Lateral and M for Medial)
Estrogen
4. What disorder is described as having x Conscious symptoms with conscious motivation?
ALA dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase
Malingering
Coxiella burnetii
Cyclothymia (nonpsychotic bipolar). Patients are ego syntonic.
5. What three circumstances allow a child to be committed to institutional care?
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6. What three lung measurements must be calculated because they cannot be measured by simple spirometry?
TLC - FRC - and RV have to be calculated. (Remember - any volume that has RV as a component has be calculated.)
Enterobius vermicularis; the treatment is albendazole.
Type II
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
7. Why is there an increase in FF if the GFR is decreased under sympathetic stimulation?
Because RPF is markedly decreased - while GFR is only minimally diminished; this results in an increase in FF (remember FF = GFR/RPF).
Fibrillary protein - amyloid protein - and glycosaminoglycans (heparin sulfate mainly)
Yes
Histiocytosis X
8. What is the name of the tumor when gastric carcinoma spreads to the ovaries?
M:F 4:1 committing - but M:F ratio of attempts is 1:3 (males commit more but females try it more)
Krukenberg tumor
Alveolar macrophages
Wegener granulomatosis
9. The DSM- IV- TR is scored on the basis of five axes of diagnosis. In What axis would you place x Medical or physical ailments?
Axis III
The basilar artery is formed at the pontomedullary junction.
Left abducens nucleus or right cerebral cortex
Oxytocin
10. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Bloody diarrhea associated with hamburger ingestion
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
CHF - cirrhosis - and nephrosis
CN V2
1. Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death
11. What is the only drug that does not have an intoxication?
No - therapeutic indices can tell which drug is safer - not more toxic.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Nicotine (but it sure has a nasty withdrawal!)
Free - unprocessed Ag
12. What is the physiologic basis for the actions of birth control pills?
Proto - oncogenes
1. Cytosine 2. Uracil (only in RNA) 3. Thymidine
Volume of distribution is decreased when a large percentage of drug is protein bound.
They block the midcycle surge of LH.
13. What respiratory center in the rostral pons has an inhibitory affect on the apneustic center?
Reticulocyte
Median nerve
Mixed (both cholesterol and calcium)
Pneumotaxic center (short - fast breaths)
14. Name the antidote - Copper
EF- Tu or EF- ts and GTP
D- Penicillamine
Actually - yes. You should encourage your patient to try other forms of medicine as long as they are not contraindicated with the patient's preexisting illness. You must be able to accept the health beliefs of your patients - even if you don't agree.
Squamous cell carcinoma
15. The opening of what valve indicates the beginning of the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?
JC virus
Capillaries
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Opening of the aortic valve terminates the isovolumetric phase and begins the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle.
16. What are the two most common viral infections in HIV?
Staphylococcus aureus
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
CMV retinitis and HSV-2
Adipose tissue
17. What disorder causes joint stiffness that worsens with repetitive motion - crepitus - effusions - and swelling and commonly affects the knees - hips - and spine?
Mesencephalon
Osteoarthritis
Seminoma
Ependymoma
18. What is the term for diffusion of water across a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane?
1. Increased synthesis and secretion of oxytocin 2. Increased release of PIF by the hypothalamus 3. Inhibition of GnRH (suppressing FSH/LH) 4. Milk secretion
Osmosis; water will diffuse from higher to lower water concentrations.
Osteosarcoma
MGB
19. What is the MCC of cancer mortality in males and females?
Both are AR with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - but Dubin - Johnson syndrome is differentiated from Rotor by the black pigmentation of the liver.
Lung cancer
Temporal lobes
Ampulla
20. Name the associated chromosome - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Keratinocytes - the most numerous cells in the epidermis - carry melanin and produce keratin.
Mixed (both cholesterol and calcium)
Ductus epididymis - Which is lined by pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia.
Chromosome 12
21. What chronic inflammatory WBC is associated with IgE- mediated allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
20:1T4T3. There is an increase in the production of T3 when iodine becomes deficient.
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
eEF-2 is the site where Pseudomonas and Diphtheria toxins work.
22. What CN is associated with the x Fourth pharyngeal arch?
CN X
Myeloperoxidase
HBcAb IgM
Postductal coarctation of the aorta (adult)
23. What benign bone tumor is associated with Gardner syndrome?
Osteoma
The larger the volume of distribution - the lower the plasma concentration of a drug.
Acute glomerulonephritis
IgG
24. Name the most common cause - Insomnia
The venae recta maintain the gradient via countercurrent flow.
Glucose -6- phosphatase
Depression
Embolism
25. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Uterine tube - uterus - cervix - and upper third of the vagina
LDL
Trichomonas vaginalis (treat with metronidazole)
Proencephalon
Paramesonephric ducts
26. What vitamin is necessary for the transfer of one amino group from a carbon skeleton to another?
When the pH is more acidic than the pI - it has a net positive charge - and when the pH is more basic than the pI - it has a net negative charge.
Pyridoxal phosphate is derived from vitamin B6 and is needed to transfer the amino groups of one carbon skeleton to another.
1. Less than 3 cm 2. Clean base 3. Level with the surrounding mucosa
Dendritic cells - macrophages - and thymic epithelial cells
27. At What age do children begin to understand the irreversibility of death?
At 8 to 9 years of age. Prior to this age they view death as a form of punishment.
Dilation of afferent arteriole
Embolism
7 to 14 days
28. What embryonic structure forms the adult male structure? - Ventral part of the penis
Ptosis (eyelid drooping) - miosis (pupillary constriction) - and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) occur when the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1- to T4 are obstructed.
1. Intracellular receptors 2. Membrane receptors 3. Enzymes 4. Intracellular effectors
Urogenital folds
Ipratropium
29. Up to How many hours post ejaculation do sperm retain their ability to fertilize the ovum?
Up to 72 hours; the ovum losses its ability to be fertilized 8 to 25 hours after release.
Emphysematous bleb
Macula densa
Carbonic anhydrase
30. What nonmotile gram - negative - non - lactose - fermenting facultative anaerobic rod uses the human colon as its only reservoir and is transmitted by fecal - oral spread?
Eosinophil chemotactic factor A
Non - Hodgkin lymphoma
Shigella
Anterior spinal artery
31. What is the term for a substance secreted by a leukocyte in response to a stimulus?
Cytokine. If a cytokine affects another class of leukocytes - it is called an interleukin.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase - a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - and malate dehydrogenase
On the superior body of the posterior wall of the uterus
HGPRT
32. What are five clinical signs of portal HTN?
Yes. It increases the rate of suicide to nearly 50 times that of the general population.
Osteoma
Ventral anterior nucleus
Caput medusa - internal hemorrhoids - esophageal varices - retroperitoneal varices - and splenomegaly
33. Are always open.
Paramyxovirus
Ungated channels
H1 histones
Microglial cells
34. What enveloped RNA retrovirus infects CD4 T cells and uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
Paramyxovirus
HBc Ab
Gradient - time system
HIV
35. Name the RNA subtype based on the following: x Carries AA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
Adenovirus
tRNA
Deficiency in surfactant
Antisocial personality
36. What reflex increases TPR in an attempt to maintain BP during a hemorrhage?
The carotid sinus reflex
Hepatitis C
Conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and right and left auricles
Pearson correlation
37. What are the six substances that promote the secretion of insulin?
alpha - Motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers (a motor unit) - whereas gamma - motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers.
Ewing sarcoma
Contralateral. The spinothalamic tract enters the spinal cord and immediately synapses in the dorsal horn - crosses over - and ascends contralateral in the spinal cord - brainstem - thalamus - and postcentral gyrus.
1. Glucose 2. Amino acid (arginine) 3. Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP) 4. Glucagon 5. Beta- Agonists 6. ACh
38. If a virus has positive sense RNA - can it be used as mRNA or is a template needed?
urease positive
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus; in the nephrogenic form there is sufficient ADH available - but the renal collecting ducts are impermeable to its actions.
Positive sense RNA can be used as mRNA. Negative sense RNA cannot be used as mRNA; it requires special RNA- dependent RNA polymerases.
Volvulus
39. What segments of the lumbosacral plexus form the following nerves? - Tibial nerve
Hepatitis B
Factor XII for the intrinsic; factor VII for the extrinsic pathway
alpha2- Receptors
L4 to S3 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)
40. What toxin ADP- ribosylates via Gs protein to increase cAMP?
Cholera toxin
Estradiol
Yes. It is also a cause of cancers of the lung - esophagus - ureter - and kidney - just to Name a few.
G2 phase (gap 2)
41. What is the central issue regarding the Roe vs. Wade decision (legalization of abortion)?
The CD4 T cell; the APC is the first cell in the immune response.
Acetylcholinesterase breaks ACh into acetate and choline (which gets resorbed by the presynaptic nerve terminal).
The patient decides about the health care she does or does not get even if it harms the fetus. This also means she can refuse blood transfusions even if it harms the fetus.
ACE inhibitors (- pril)
42. Which two negative sense RNA viruses have neuraminidase enzymes?
Mumps and influenza virus
Fibrocystic change of the breast
Splitting of the first heart sound occurs during inspiration because of the increased output of the right ventricle - delaying the closure of the pulmonic valve.
Achondroplasia
43. What viral infection is known to cause intracerebral calcifications?
1. Caput medusae 2. Esophageal varices 3. Ascites 4. Splenomegaly 5. Hemorrhoids
CMV; Toxoplasma also causes intracerebral calcifications but it is a parasite.
Primary hypoparathyroidism
Schizotypal
44. What drug blocks intragranular uptake of NE?
Menstruation
Voltage - gated calcium channel
Bronchoconstriction is associated with parasympathetic stimulation (ACh) - and catecholamine stimulation is associated with bronchodilation (why epinephrine is used in emergency treatment of bronchial asthma.)
Reserpine
45. What is the epithelial cell lining the nasopharynx?
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium - which has cilia that beat toward the oropharynx.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Epinephrine
Clostridium botulinum
46. What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?
Air flows into the respiratory system.
The left gastric - splenic - and common hepatic arteries
IQ
Squamous cell carcinoma
47. What organ functions to keep blood glucose levels normal through both well - fed and fasting states and produces ketones in response to increased fatty acid oxidation?
Vascular dementia. It is characterized as a stepwise deterioration in cognitive function.
Liver
Dihydropteroate synthetase
Plasma concentration and excretion rate
48. What branch off the vertebral artery supplies x The cerebellum and the dorsolateral part of the medulla?
Stable
PICA
Mature B cell; the memory B cell can have IgG - IgA - or IgE on its surface.
60S and 40S. The large subunits (60S) are made in the nucleolus and the small subunits (40S) are made in the nucleus.
49. What is the term for the strength of association between multiple Abbinding sites and multiple antigenic determinants?
ELISA screens and Western blot confirms the diagnosis.
Avidity (more than one binding site)
Enkephalin
Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia
50. Name the macrophage based on its location: x Brain macrophages
Cohort studies determine incidence and causality - not prevalence.
Microglia
The thalamus (I like to think of the thalamus as the executive secretary for the cerebral cortex. All information destined for the cortex has to go through the thalamus.)
Where the cell bodies for the DCML and spinothalamic sensory systems are...
Sorry!:) No result found.
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