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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What component of the ANS - when stimulated - results in bronchoconstriction?
Punishment
T3 increases both heart rate and cardiac output by increasing the number of Beta - receptors and their sensitivity to catecholamines.
Parasympathetic stimulation - via the vagus nerve - results in bronchoconstriction - whereas sympathetic stimulation results in bronchodilation.
7 to 14 days
2. A 20-year - old college student has fever - grey- white membranes over the tonsils - posterior auricular lymphadenitis - and hepatosplenomegaly. What is your diagnosis? What test do you order to confirm your diagnosis?
Brain - spleen - and kidney
EBV infections resulting in infectious mononucleosis can be diagnosed by the Monospot test. (Remember - it may be negative in the first week of the illness - so retest if you have a high index of suspicion.)
Niacin (B3)
Xanthine - hypoxanthine - theophylline - theobromine - caffeine - and uric acid are all purines.
3. What is the most common one? - Stromal tumor of the ovary
1. Bunyavirus 2. Orthomyxovirus 3. Arenavirus 4. Reovirus Remember BOAR
Prolactinoma
Flow cytometric analysis
Ovarian fibroma
4. What class of antianginal activates the NO pathway to produce endothelial vasodilation?
All are lactose fermenters except Yersinia and Proteus.
Nitrates
Pneumocystis carinii
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
5. What hormone disorder is characterized by the following abnormalities in sex steroids? - LH? - and FSH?? - Sex steroids - LH - FSH ?
rRNA
GnRH constant infusion
Phase 1
GABA - quantitatively
6. Do alpha - or gamma - motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers?
Positive
Arsenic
Rochalimaea quintana (now called Bartonella quintana)
alpha - Motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers (a motor unit) - whereas gamma - motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers.
7. Which dimorphic fungus is found as Arthroconidia in desert sand of the southwestern United States (e.g. - San Joaquin Valley)?
Coccidioides immitis
Spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system)
The raphe nuclei
Conduction aphasia
8. What disorder is characterized by a depressed mood and a loss of interest or pleasure for more than 2 years?
Medial collateral ligament
Dysthymia - Which is also known as nonpsychotic depression. (Think of it as the car running but not well.)
PPRF
Middle
9. What is the most common one? - Intraspinal tumor
Ependymoma
Dopamine is converted into NE in the vesicle via the enzyme dopamine - Beta - hydroxylase.
Beryllium
Lesch - Nyhan syndrome
10. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Apathy - aggression - inability to learn new material - and memory problems
Accommodation
IgG
Limbic system
Alternative hypothesis (What is left after the null has been defined)
11. What direction does the primitive gut rotate? What is its axis of rotation?
Nissl substances; there is a great deal of RER in neuron cell bodies - indicating high protein synthesis.
Mesonephric duct
The gut rotates clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery.
Negative
12. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Diarrhea associated with raw or undercooked shellfish
Copper
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency
Streptococcus pneumoniae - Klebsiella pneumoniae - Haemophilus influenzae - Pseudomonas aeruginosa - and Neisseria meningitidis; also Cryptococcus neoformans - a fungus
13. What microaerophile is a motile gram - negative curved rod with polar flagella that causes infectious diarrhea at low doses (<500)?
Stratum corneum (keratinized)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP- SMX)
Campylobacter jejuni
Blood clots
14. Name the type of mutation: New codon specifies a different AA
Phosphofructokinase -1 and costs 1 ATP
NADPH oxidase is deficient - resulting in an inability to produce toxic metabolites.
Missense
Peutz - Jeghers syndrome
15. Does the direct or indirect basal ganglia pathway result in a decreased level of cortical excitation?
The urea cycle
Folic acid deficiency
Although both pathways are associated with disinhibition - the indirect basal ganglia pathway is associated with a decreased level of cortical excitation.
Amantadine
16. What area of the brain acts as the center for contralateral horizontal gaze?
Frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8)
Succinylcholine
Negative reinforcement
Sheehan syndrome
17. What complex is needed for propionyl CoA carboxylase?
Biotin - ATP - and CO2
Renshaw neuron
Occipital lobe (Anton's syndrome if it is due to bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusions)
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
18. What is the term to describe homosexuals who x Are uncomfortable with their own person and disagree with their sense of self?
Ego dystonic
C3a - C4a - C5a
Hepatitis B
Testicular tumors
19. What level of mental retardation is characterized by x Can work in sheltered workshops and learn simple tasks but need supervision?
No - it is never acceptable to lie.
Disulfiram
Moderate (35-49)
Cushing's disease (pituitary) has elevated ACTH and cortisol suppression with dexamethasone - whereas Cushing's syndrome (adrenal adenoma) has decreased ACTH and no cortisol suppression with dexamethasone.
20. What cells of the retina see in black and white and are used for night vision?
Genomic libraries are made from nuclear DNA - are fragmented - and contain all sequences found in the particular genome copied.
Rods
Atracurium
Berylliosis
21. What component of the ANS is responsible for dilation of the blood vessels in the erectile tissue of the penis - resulting in an erection?
Increase in urinary excretion of HCO3- - shifting the reaction to the right and increasing H+
Mitochondria
Parasympathetics (parasympathetics point - sympathetics shoot)
Hypersegmented neutrophils
22. What hormone is secreted by the placenta late in pregnancy - stimulates mammary growth during pregnancy - mobilizes energy stores from the mother so that the fetus can use them - and has an amino acid sequence like GH?
Diastole. During systole the left ventricle contracts - resulting in intramyocardial vessel compression and therefore very little blood flow in the coronary circulation.
ACL
Rate of absorption
Human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or human placental lactogen (hPL)
23. What lower extremity nerve is described by the following motor loss? - Loss of abduction of the hip resulting in Trendelenburg gait
Elongation factor - G and GTP
Superior gluteal nerve
Burkitt lymphoma
Leukemias and lymphomas
24. What is the major muscle used in the relaxed state of expiration?
The Babinski reflex is present in UMN lesions. Muscle atrophy due to disuse - hyperreflexia - spastic paralysis - increased muscle tone - and weakness are commonly seen in UMN lesions.
S phase
Chemotaxis
Under resting conditions expiration is considered a passive process; therefore - no muscles are used. In the active state the abdominal muscles can be considered the major muscle of expiration.
25. What bronchogenic carcinoma is associated with an elevated level of Ca2+ - involves keratin pearls - occurs in men more than women - is associated with smoking - occurs in the major bronchi - and is seen in the central areas of the lung?
Churg - Strauss syndrome
Thrombus
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lente or NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin)
26. What are the two MCC of acute epididymitis in males? - More than 35 years old
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.
Psoas major
Stimulus control
Renshaw neuron
27. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Thoracic duct
Urinary 17- OH steroids
Superior and posterior
Humerus with ulna (major) and radius (minor)
Varicella
28. Which serotypes of HPV are associated with plantar warts?
Acetyl CoA - FADH2 - and NADH
Vitamin D
The deepest sleep levels (stage 3 and 4) occur mostly in the first half of sleep.
HPV serotypes 1 and 4
29. What two post - transcriptional enzymes in collagen synthesis require ascorbic acid to function properly?
Primary erectile disorder
Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases
Aspartate and carbomoyl PO4
Serotonin syndrome. It is also associated with high doses and MAOI and synthetic narcotic combinations (Ecstasy). Treatment consists of decreasing SSRI dosage - removing the causative agent - and giving cyproheptadine.
30. What paraphilia is defined as x Having a recurrent desire to expose the genitals to strangers?
Cirrhosis
Phosphofructokinase -1 and costs 1 ATP
2 and 5HT3 receptors
Exhibitionism
31. In what cycle does glucose go to the muscle - where it is converted to pyruvate and then into alanine before being taken back to the liver?
Follicular phase
Alanine cycle
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
IQ
32. What is the leading cause of school dropout?
Pregnancy
Rifampin
Fixed interval
>15 mm
33. What is the rate - limiting step in a conduction of a NMJ?
An increase in the afterload decreases velocity; they are inversely related. (V equals 1 divided by afterload.)
The time it takes ACh to diffuse to the postjunctional membrane
Red blood cell distribution width index (RDW)
Riedel thyroiditis
34. Regarding the Lac operon - for What do the following genes code? - Z gene
Ketoconazole
The inner cortex (paracortex) contains the T cells - so it is considered the thymic - dependent area.
Sensitivity (it deals with the sick)
Beta- Galactosidase
35. What disorder of bone remodeling results in thick - weak bones and is associated with high - output cardiac failure?
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
ACL
Chromosome 17
Coxiella burnetii
36. Are the following major or minor Jones criteria of rheumatic fever? - Elevated acute phase reactants (e.g. - ESR)
First pharyngeal groove; all others degenerate.
Fibrocystic change of the breast
a - Blockers (- zosins)
Minor
37. What day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation take place?
Transferrin
Filovirus
Day 14
Glomerular capillary pressure (increased glomerular capillary pressure - increased GFR and vice versa)
38. Is heparin contraindicated in pregnancy?
No. Heparin is safe in pregnancy - but warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of its ability to cross the placenta.
Rifampin
Carbonic anhydrase
Formal operations (> 12 years)
39. Initiates rhythmic contractions associated with labor.
Gardnerella vaginalis
Ciliary ganglion producing a tonic pupil
Oxytocin
Direct pathway; a good example is Parkinson's disease.
40. What is the drug of choice - which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in cestodes - for taeniasis?
Niclosamide
Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
Infliximab
Spironolactone
41. What form of penicillin is used in the treatment of life - threatening illnesses?
Granulosa cells
Air flows into the respiratory system.
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
A transport maximum (Tm) system
42. What Freudian psyche component is described as x Reality - rationality - language basis?
Epinephrine
Coronary circulation
prior to birthThe foramen ovale closes just...
Ego
43. What gram - positive anaerobic rod with branching filaments is a component of the normal flora of the mouth and female genital tract and is responsible for draining abscesses with sulfur granules in the exudates?
Actinomyces israelii
Bladder cancer
Posterior chamber
Nodular sclerosis
44. Rheumatic fever most commonly follows pharyngeal infections with what bacteria?
Group A Beta- hemolytic streptococci
Mitosis
MHC class II Ags. This is accomplished via CD4 T cells.
PDA
45. What respiratory center in the caudal pons is the center for rhythm promoting prolonged inspirations?
Apneustic center (deep breathing place)
Postinfectious GN
Arsenic - thorotrast - and vinyl chloride
Bulla
46. Name the stages of sleep with these EEG patterns: x Sleep spindles - K- complexes
Third week
Stage 2
Histidine
Melanoma - cancer of the stomach and bladder
47. Are the following conditions associated with a negative or positive nitrogen balance? - Growth
Urogenital folds
Acetylcholinesterase breaks ACh into acetate and choline (which gets resorbed by the presynaptic nerve terminal).
Positive
Baseline apical intrapleural pressure is -10 cm H2O (more negative than the mean) resulting in a force to expand the alveoli.
48. If you report a suspected case of child abuse and are wrong - are you protected from legal liability?
Yes. This is done to help prevent underreporting out of fear of lawsuit. Remember that it is your duty to protect the child first - not worry about legal responsibility.
The odontoid process of C2
Ligament of Treitz
Arsenic - thorotrast - and vinyl chloride
49. Which organism causes trench mouth?
Missense
RBCs
CN X
Fusobacterium
50. What glycoprotein in the HIV virus is used for fusion?
GP41
Nystagmus and ataxia
Direct; in males less than 50 years old indirect hernias are the most common type.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)