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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the associated chromosomal translocation - Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibroadenoma
The fast component is directed toward the affected side of a cerebellar lesion.
Chromosome 15 - 17

2. What acid - base disturbance is produced from vomiting?
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis occurs from vomiting because of the loss of H+ - K+ - and Cl -.
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Corticospinal tract
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

3. What disease is described by the following characteristics: multiple motor and vocal tics - average age of onset 7 - a M:F ratio of 3:1 - and association with increased levels of dopamine?

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4. What vitamin is a component of the enzymes fatty acid synthase and acyl CoA?
Ependymoma
Pantothenic acid
Thick skin
Sublimation

5. What slow - growing CNS tumor in 30- to 50-year - old patients with a long history of seizures has fried egg cellular appearance in a network of chicken wire?
Capillaries
Oligodendroglioma
Testicular lymphoma
Filtered and secreted: Cx > Cin (i.e. - PAH). Filtered and reabsorbed: Cx < Cin (i.e. - glucose) - where Cx = clearance of a substance and Cin = clearance of inulin.

6. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Aortic arch
HTLV-1
Dysplasia
Superior
The Beta -2- microglobin. It is the separately encoded Beta - chain for class I Ags.

7. What form of Plasmodium species affects the liver?
ACh
Breast cancer
Hypnozoite
Ischemic

8. What genetic defect is characterized by coarse facial features - gingival hyperplasia - macroglossia - psychomotor and growth retardation - club foot - claw hand - cardiorespiratory failure - and death in the first decade of life?
I- cell disease is a result of a genetic defect affecting the phosphorylation of mannose residues.
1. Decrease concentrations of Ag levels 2. Administer IgG in high concentrations 3. Inhibit B cells with Ag bound to IgG (complexes) 4. Turn off the original T or B cell with anti - Ab
Accuracy (think of it as all the trues - because they are the ones correctly identified)
S phase

9. When is the surface tension the greatest in the respiratory cycle?
Tetanospasmin (also called tetanus toxin)
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Surface tension - the force to collapse the lung - is greatest at the end of inspiration.
Estrogen use

10. What is the central issue regarding the Roe vs. Wade decision (legalization of abortion)?
The patient decides about the health care she does or does not get even if it harms the fetus. This also means she can refuse blood transfusions even if it harms the fetus.
Prefrontal cortex; it is in front of the premotor area.
Plasma cell
Lente insulin and either NPH or protamine zinc insulin (PZI)

11. Is used to detect Abs in a patient?
More Ab is produced in less time in a secondary immune response (shorter lag period).
Multiple myeloma
Direct fluorescent Ab test
Mebendazole

12. What cells lining the ventricles have cilia on their luminal surface to move CSF?
Bulla
Poliomyelitis; it is a bilateral LMN lesion.
Blood clots
Ependymal cells

13. What cell type of the epidermis originates from the neural crest?
2 NADPHs per acetyl CoA
The negative charge inhibits the filtration of protein anions.
1. Bunyavirus 2. Orthomyxovirus 3. Arenavirus 4. Reovirus Remember BOAR
Melanocytes

14. What is the rate - limiting step in the production of steroids?
Allotypes
Cirrhosis
The conversion of CHO to pregnenolone via the enzyme desmolase
Agranulocytosis; approximately 2% develop this side effect.

15. What syndrome is characterized by the triad of renal tubular acidosis - nephrosis - and amino aciduria?
Bordetella pertussis
Fanconi - like syndrome
Without children (but don't think about this one for too long)
Southern blot

16. What is the central chemoreceptor's main drive for ventilation?
Lateral pontine syndrome
Decreases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSF H+ levels - with acidosis being the main central drive - resulting in hyperventilation (the opposite being true with alkalosis)
Conidia

17. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Vincristine
Mitosis
A loss of afferent activity indicates a decrease in BP - and an increase in afferent activity indicates an increase in BP.
Specificity (it deals with the healthy)
Because the chronic inhibition of dopamine (PIF) on the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland is removed - thereby increasing the secretion of prolactin.

18. What happens to extracellular volume with a net gain in body fluid?
ydroxyproline
Type I pneumocytes
Potter facies
The ECF compartment always enlarges when there is a net gain in total body water and decreases when there is a loss of total body water. Hydration status is named in terms of the ECF compartment.

19. What enzyme of the purine salvage pathway is deficient in the following? - SCID
Carcinoid tumor
Tetracycline
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) is a LMN lesion at the level of the lesion and UMN lesion below the level of the lesion.
Adenosine deaminase

20. What type of correlation is defined as x Two variables with no linear relation to one another?
Poststreptococcal GN
Nucleolus. Ribosomal assembly also takes place in the nucleolus.
O2 has a higher driving force but is only one - twenty- fourth as soluble as CO2. CO 2 has a very small partial pressure difference across the alveolar membrane (47-40 = 7 mmHg) - but it is extremely soluble and therefore diffuses readily across the
Zero correlation

21. What form of poisoning is associated with bitter almond - scented breath?
Staphylococcus
Cyanide
Niemann - Pick disease
Medial umbilical ligaments

22. Name the type of mutation: x New codon specifies for the same AA
Hydroxyproline (breakdown product of collagen)
95% in the kidneys; that's why adequate Na+ and fluid intake is essential.
NE
Silent

23. What class of drugs is used in the treatment of demineralization of the bone?
Adenovirus
Bisphosphonates
Right and left pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus
Acetoacetate - acetone - and Beta- hydroxybutyrate

24. What two vessels in fetal circulation have the highest PO2 levels?
Acebutolol and Pindolol
Omega -3; linoleic is omega -6
Umbilical vein and ductus venosus (80%)
A decrease in Ca2+ and an increase in PO4

25. What two AAs act as excitatory transmitters in the CNS - generating EPSPs?
Procainamide
Carbidopa and benserazide
Glutamine and aspartate
Middle cerebral artery

26. What is the term for Ags that activate B cells without T- cell signaling?
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)
Thymus - independent Ags
Areas 1 - 2 - and 3
Norm reference (i.e. - 75% of the students in the class will pass)

27. Name the type of necrosis - Due to lipase activity and has a chalky white appearance
GH- producing adenoma
Chromosome 18
Fat necrosis
Rhombencephalon

28. What causes an increase in bone mineralization and Ca2+ along with PO4- absorption from the GI tract and kidney tubules?
Vitamin D
Peau d'orange
Aedes mosquito
wave

29. What are the two essential fatty acids?
Estriol
prognostic predictors
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
Amiloride

30. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Additional volume that can be expired after normal expiration
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus - or GBS)
Alzheimer's (dementia of Alzheimer's type - DAT). (Remember - Alzheimer's constitutes 65% of dementias seen in patients 65 years old.)
competency
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

31. What component of the ANS - when stimulated - results in bronchoconstriction?
Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete a HCO3-- rich solution to neutralize the acidity of the chyme entering the duodenum.
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Major
Parasympathetic stimulation - via the vagus nerve - results in bronchoconstriction - whereas sympathetic stimulation results in bronchodilation.

32. What artificial sweetener must patients with PKU avoid?
Thrombocytopenia - eczema - and immunodeficiency is the triad of this X- linked recessive disorder.
Aspartame
Acetyl CoA - FADH2 - and NADH
S phase

33. What is the most common one? - Pituitary adenoma
SER
The fastigial nucleus
Prolactinoma
Paradoxic emboli most commonly enter the arteries through a patent septal defect in the heart.

34. What is the MCC of cancer mortality in males and females?
VSD - RVH - overriding aorta - and pulmonary stenosis
Francisella tularensis
They are in the grey matter of the CNS.
Lung cancer

35. What are the top three causes of infant mortality?
Birth defects - low birth weight (< 1500 g) with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) - and SIDS
Bile pigments and bile salts
Toxoplasmosis
Creatinine

36. What phase of Food and Drug Administration approval tests x The safety in healthy volunteers?
Thymus - independent Ags
Efficacy
Phase I
Conidia

37. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Urinary bladder - urethra - greater vestibular glands - vagina
Churg - Strauss syndrome
Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent pupillary defect (CN III) - B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and consentual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected eye.
Urogenital sinus
Repaglinide

38. What is the name for the most prominent spinous process?
Duodenal ulcer
Vertebra prominens (C7 in 70% of cases - C6 in 20% - T1 in 10%)
wave
Isocitrate dehydrogenase - a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - and malate dehydrogenase

39. Leukopenia - neutropenia - and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?
Primary hypoaldosteronism (Addison's disease)
Copper
Mitochondria
Isoniazid

40. What is the most common one? - Malignancy of the female genital tract
Alcoholics Anonymous
Necrophilia
Testosterone
Endometrial cancer

41. What lower extremity nerve is described by the following motor loss? - Loss of flexion of the knee and all function below the knee - weakened extension of the thigh
Sciatic nerve
Iodine (I)
Contralateral. The spinothalamic tract enters the spinal cord and immediately synapses in the dorsal horn - crosses over - and ascends contralateral in the spinal cord - brainstem - thalamus - and postcentral gyrus.
Follicular phase is estrogen - dependent with increased FSH levels - while the luteal phase is progesterone - dependent.

42. What is the MCC of the following meningitides? - In patients who have AIDS or are immunocompromised
Primary hypoparathyroidism
Multiple myeloma
Cryptococcus
Stibogluconate

43. What is the most common opportunistic infection of the CNS in HIV?
Dilation of efferent arteriole
Gradient - time system
Toxoplasmosis
Thymidylate synthase

44. What facultative gram - negative anaerobic rod is motile - ferments lactose - and is the MCC of UTIs?
Escherichia coli
The alveoli at the apex are almost completely inflated prior to inflation - and although they are large - they receive low levels of alveolar ventilation.
The raphe nuclei
Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate

45. Which type of hepatitis is a picornavirus?
Cirrhosis and hemolytic anemia - which are risk factors for pigmented gallstones.
Vmax
Hepatitis A (infectious)
Ulcerative colitis

46. What is the major ketone body produced during alcoholic ketoacidosis?
Pantothenic acid
Marfan syndrome
Beta- Hydroxybutyrate
Caseous necrosis

47. What happens to prevalence as the number of long - term survivors increases?
Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease
Regardless of the rate of infusion - it takes 4 to 5 half - lives to reach steady state.
Thymic epithelial cells - dendritic cells - and macrophages
Prevalence increases. (Remember - prevalence can decrease in only two ways - recovery and death.)

48. What is the term for having fantasies or dressing in female clothes for sexual arousal by heterosexual men?
>5 mm
Transvestite fetishism
1. Fat 2. Forty 3. Female 4. Familial 5. Fertile
wave

49. Is spousal abuse a mandatory reportable offense?
Proencephalon
No - it is not a mandatory reportable offense (if you can believe it). Child and elderly abuse are mandatory reportable offenses.
Lower extremity and lower trunk information travels in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The upper trunk and extremity information travels in the cuneocerebellar tract. (Cuneocerebellar and fasciculus cuneatus both apply to upper extremities.)
Umbilical vein and ductus venosus (80%)

50. What sensory system is affected in the late spinal cord manifestation of syphilis?
CMV retinitis and HSV-2
Hirschsprung disease
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Bilateral degeneration of the dorsal columns in the spinal cord secondary to syphilis is known as tabes dorsalis. A high - step gait is seen in patients with tabes dorsalis because of the inability to feel the ground beneath their feet.