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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What term is described as the prestretch on the ventricular muscle at the end of diastole?
Posterior cruciate ligament
IgG
Preload (the load on the muscle in the relaxed state)
PTH

2. What condition is defined by both testicular and ovarian tissues in one individual?
IgA
True hermaphrodism
Streptomycin
Tetracycline

3. What is the term for a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies or desires?
Escherichia coli
Boutonni
CN IV
Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

4. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Volume in the lungs at the end of passive expiration
Left colic - superior rectal - and sigmoidal arteries
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Repression
The thyroid gland

5. At What age do children begin to understand the irreversibility of death?
S phase
At 8 to 9 years of age. Prior to this age they view death as a form of punishment.
95% in the kidneys; that's why adequate Na+ and fluid intake is essential.
Nimodipine

6. What is the DOC for the following protozoal infections? - Giardiasis
Hypospadia
1. Caput medusae 2. Esophageal varices 3. Ascites 4. Splenomegaly 5. Hemorrhoids
Diphyllobothrium latum
Metronidazole

7. Name the valve abnormality based on the following criteria: x Back - filling into the left atrium during systole; increased v - wave - preload - left atrial volume - and left ventricular filling
Mitral insufficiency
RBCs
Osteoclasts
Barbiturate overdose and benzodiazepine withdrawal carry the highest mortality rates.

8. What CN is associated with the sensory innervation of x Oropharynx?
1. Tight junctions 2. Capillaries that lack fenestration 3. Very selective pinocytosis by the capillaries
HDL
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Fibroadenoma

9. What is the term for the pH at which the structure carries no charge?
Somatization disorder
1. Streptomycin 2. Gentamicin 3. Tobramycin
pI (isoelectric point)
NSAIDs

10. Is a cause of asthma.
Adenosine deaminase
Histidine
Potter facies
GERD

11. What female follicular cell is under LH stimulation and produces androgens from cholesterol?
Aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase - which uses 2 ATPs for this reaction.
IL-10
10% are bilateral - 10% malignant - and 10% familial - 10% in children - and 10% outside the adrenal gland
Theca cell

12. What component of the corneal reflex is lost in a CN VII deficit?
Motor aspect
GP IIb/IIIa - Which is why GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes
Aspiration pneumonia
Being a female physician increases the risk of suicide nearly four times the general population.

13. Where is tropocollagen aggregated to form a collagen fibril?
Outside the cell
M 1 and nicotinic receptors are excitatory in the CNS and M 2 receptor is inhibitory.
Oligodendroglioma
Hypospadia

14. Match the chromosome and haploid number with the stage of sperm development - spermatid - spermatocyte (primary or secondary) - spermatogonia (type A or B): x 23/1n
Sphingosine
Spermatid
G-6- PD
Potency

15. What bacterium is a gram - negative - oxidase - positive aerobic rod that produces a grapelike odor and pyocyanin pigmentation?
1. Increased amino acid uptake by muscles 2. Decreased protein breakdown 3. Increased protein synthesis
Chromosome 5p
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Prevalence rate

16. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - GABA
Repolarization is from base to apex and from epicardium to endocardium.
Extinction
Hyperkalemia
Glutamate

17. What subset of adenocarcinoma arises from the terminal bronchioles and/or alveolar walls?
Onion skinning
Eaton - Lambert syndrome
Acanthosis nigricans
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

18. Name the most common type or cause - Nephrotic syndrome in children
Internal abdominal oblique
Lipoid nephrosis
Cortisol levels increase. Lymphocyte levels decrease in sleep - deprived individuals.
Cestodes

19. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x The maximal volume inspired from FRC
17- alpha - Hydroxylase deficiency
Inspiratory capacity
Fungiform papillae
Leiomyoma

20. What virus is associated with the Norwalk agent?
Calicivirus
Biotin - ATP - and CO2
Bone deposition increases with increased Ca2+ or PO 4- concentrations - whereas resorption (breakdown) is increased when there are low levels of Ca2+ or PO4-.
The energy of activation

21. What is the maximum rate possible with a given amount of enzyme?
1. Lowers surface tension - so it decreases recoil and increases compliance 2. Reduces capillary filtration 3. Promotes stability in small alveoli by lowering surface tension
Vmax
Meningococcus grows on chocolate agar - and Gonococcus grows on Thayer - Martin medium.
Brucella and Listeria (has tumbling motility)

22. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in purine synthesis?
Amiloride
PRPP aminotransferase
Hydroxyproline (breakdown product of collagen)
Epinephrine

23. Name the associated chromosome - Huntington disease
Theca cell
Salpingitis
Unstable (crescendo) angina
Chromosome 4p

24. What three organs can be affected by Trypanosoma cruzi?
To provide attachment between contiguous cells and to maintain a semipermeable barrier
Heart - esophagus - and colon. Remember - you get megas: cardiomegaly - megaesophagus - and megacolon.
Coprophilia
Galactitol

25. What is given to pregnant women within 24 hours after birth to eliminate Rh+ fetal blood cells from their circulation?
Positive
>15 mm
Rho (D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) - an anti - RhD IgG antibody - prevents generation of RhD- specific memory B cells in the mother.
They are in the grey matter of the CNS.

26. When is the surface tension the greatest in the respiratory cycle?
Surface tension - the force to collapse the lung - is greatest at the end of inspiration.
Seven - eighths of nephrons are cortical - with the remainder juxtamedullary.
Howell - Jolly bodies
Pyrantel pamoate

27. What operant conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Having a stimulus take over the control of the behavior (unintentionally)?
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Lead
Hematoxylin
Stimulus control

28. If the radius of a vessel doubles - what happens to resistance?
IgG
The resistance will decrease one - sixteenth of the original resistance.
1. Decrease the radius of the vessel 2. Increase the length of the vessel 3. Increase the viscosity 4. Decrease the number of parallel channels
Motilin

29. ADH is secreted in response to What two stimuli?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Free hormone levels remain constant - and the bound hormone level changes with a decrease in binding hormones.
Fourth M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
ADH is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity and decreased blood volume.

30. What two factors cause PTH to be secreted?
Wilson disease. (Remember - patients commonly present with psychiatric manifestations and movement disorders but may be asymptomatic.)
A decrease in Ca2+ and an increase in PO4
Glomerular capillary pressure (increased glomerular capillary pressure - increased GFR and vice versa)
Ego

31. What percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by family members?
Asparagine
50%. The uncles and older siblings are the most likely perpetrators - although stepfathers also have a high rate.
IL-4 - IL-10 - and IL-13
Impaired ejaculation

32. From What embryonic structure are the following structures derived? - The right and left ventricles
Primitive ventricle
C3 - C4 - and C5 keep the diaphragm alive!
The aorta has the greatest velocity and the capillaries have the slowest velocity.
Menses

33. What pathology involves excessive fibrosis throughout the body via increased fibroblast activity - occurs in women more than men - and is most commonly seen in the third to the fifth decade?
Aminoglycosides
Alveoli; they are part of the respiratory portion.
Scleroderma
Biotin. Avidin is found in raw egg whites.

34. At high doses aspirin has ________ properties.
Pneumotaxic center (short - fast breaths)
REM sleep occurs more often in the second half of sleep. The amount of REM sleep increases as the night goes on.
Listeria monocytogenes
Uricosuric

35. What endocrine abnormality is characterized by the following changes in PTH - Ca2+ - and inorganic phosphate (Pi)? - PTH decreased - Ca2+ decreased - Pi increased
The aorta
Primary hypoparathyroidism
Male pseudo - intersexuality (hermaphrodite); these individuals are 46XY.
MEN I (or Wermer syndrome)

36. What component of the cardiovascular system has the largest blood volume? Second largest blood volume?
Metronidazole
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Ceftriaxone
IgG
The systemic veins have the largest blood volume - and the pulmonary veins have the second largest blood volume in the cardiovascular system. They represent the reservoirs of circulation.

37. What branches of CN X are the sensory and motor components of the cough reflex? Be specific.
The sensory component is through the superior laryngeal nerve - and the motor limb is via the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Disorganized schizophrenia
Right coronary artery
Pulse pressure

38. Are the following conditions associated with a negative or positive nitrogen balance? - AA deficiency
Superior
AT II
Increases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Negative

39. What classical conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Pairing noxious stimuli to an inappropriate behavior?
Aversive conditioning
At the beginning of splay is when the renal threshold for glucose occurs and the excess begins to spill over into the urine.
RNA polymerase I
a - and Beta- chains are on most T cells.

40. Regarding the Lac operon - for What do the following genes code? - A gene
Thiogalactoside transacetylase
Keloid
Third M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
Because the large drop in TPR is accompanied by a large increase in cardiac output - resulting in a minimal change in BP.

41. Name the type of regeneration (i.e. - labile - stable - or permanent) based on the following examples - Skeletal muscle
Ovarian cancer
Anhedonia
Permanent
alpha2- Receptors

42. Which prophylactic asthmatic agent is an antagonist of LTD4?
With an increased depth of breathing both the total and alveolar ventilation increase. This concept is always tested on the boards - so remember it.
Zafirlukast
LC4 - LD4 - and LE 4
Nevirapine; it cuts the rate from 20% to 10%. AZT is also used - cutting the rate from 20% to 10%.

43. A patient can ______ a feeding tube.
Aversive conditioning
refuse
Chlamydia psittaci
0.21; it is a fancy way of saying 21% of the air is O2.

44. What is the amount in liters and percent body weight for the following compartments? - Vascular fluid
NADPH oxidase
Teratoma
4.7 L - 5% of body weight
Lac repressor protein

45. What region or regions of the adrenal cortex are stimulated by ACTH?
28 L - 40% of body weight
Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis
Hexosaminidase A
Yes. It is also a cause of cancers of the lung - esophagus - ureter - and kidney - just to Name a few.

46. Active protein transport requires a...
Amanita phalloides
Pernicious anemia
Concentration gradient
Gametocytes

47. What is the term for gastric ulcers associated with severely burned or traumatic patients?
Curling ulcers (think curling iron = burn)
Renin
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid

48. What is the label given to an individual whose IQ is x Below 69
Dissociative fugue. (Patients are unaware of memory loss.)
Mentally disabled
Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal Abs
Test - retest reliability

49. What is the drug of choice for treating Tourette syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
Pimozide
C wave
Stretch receptors prevent overdistension of the lungs during inspiration.

50. Which streptococcal species is characterized by being catalase negative - turning bile esculin agar black - producing a positive PYR test - and resulting in biliary and urinary tract infections?
Oligodendroglioma
Wilms tumor
Enterococcus (Streptococcus faecalis)
Sheehan syndrome