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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When a person goes from supine to standing - what happens to the following? - Dependent venous blood volume
HBcAb IgM
Spectinomycin
Proton pump inhibitors
Increases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. What is the term for the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures?
ater flows from a low - solute to high - solute concentrations.
Pulse pressure
Plasma cell (mature B lymphocyte)
Anterior nuclear group (Papez circuit of the limbic system)

3. What myeloid disorder is characterized by dry bone marrow aspirations - splenomegaly - leukoerythroblastosis - teardrop RBCs - and hyperuricemia due to increased cell turnover?
Periaortic lymph nodes
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Metaplasia (usually to a more protective cell type)
Negative reinforcement

4. Are contraindicated in patients with SCID.
The gut rotates clockwise around the superior mesenteric artery.
Live vaccines
give a warning
Purulent exudates

5. Which class of antihypertensives is used in the treatment of BPH?
Teratoma (dermoid cyst)
Breast and lung cancer - respectively.
Constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles
a - Blockers (- zosins)

6. What type of mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths x In the population?
Carbidopa and benserazide
Crude mortality rate
GM2 ganglioside Caused by a deficiency of Beta- hexosaminidase A
Cryptorchidism; normally the testes descend into the scrotum within 3 months of birth.

7. What enzyme is deficient in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood?
Order of attachment is site 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - and for release is 4 - 3 - 2 - 1.
Zoophilia
Ewing sarcoma
NADPH oxidase

8. How many strains of Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharides are present in the vaccine?
At least six
From age 5 onward IQ stabilizes.
The vaccine contains 23 capsular polysaccharides.
Parafollicular C cells

9. What operant conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Having a stimulus take over the control of the behavior (unintentionally)?
absorption
ASA
Chloramphenicol
Stimulus control

10. What is the most common one? - Subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosis
Palms and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles - which are lacking on the palms and soles of the feet.
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)
Inactivated; glucose results in decreased cAMP levels and therefore blocks protein binding between cAMP and CAP.

11. Name the type of regeneration (i.e. - labile - stable - or permanent) based on the following examples - Liver
Common and internal carotid arteries
Stable
Loss of hypotonic fluid (alcohol - diabetes insipidus - dehydration)
Type I pneumocytes

12. What cell surface marker do all T cells have?
Prodrugs
CD3
REM sleep. Nightmares are frightening dreams that we recall.
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome)

13. What vitamin deficiency produces homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?
Antisocial
Clavicle - acromion - and glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)
Both

14. In the systemic circulation - what blood vessels have the largest pressure drop? Smallest pressure drop?
Proencephalon
The number of cross - bridges cycling during contraction: the greater the number - the greater the force of contraction.
Arterioles have the largest drop - whereas the vena cava has the smallest pressure drop in systemic circulation.
1. Plicae circularis (3 times) 2. Villi (30 times) 3. Microvilli (600 times)

15. What structure of the knee is described thus? - Prevents adduction
White rami are preganglionic fibers - whereas grey rami are postganglionic fibers.
Lateral collateral ligament
Neuroblastoma
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen disease)

16. What diseases are associated with the HLA- DR3 allele

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17. What type of fiber or fibers are carried in (answer motor - sensory - or both) x Ventral rami?
Cause - specific mortality rate
The energy of activation (Ea)
Omega -3 fatty acids
Both

18. What is the name of the postganglionic parasympathetic ganglion that innervates x The submandibular and sublingual glands?
Transverse abdominis
Pasteurella multocida
The submandibular ganglion. (Submandibular ganglion innervates the submandibular gland; easy enough.)
The basilar artery is formed at the pontomedullary junction.

19. What is the binding site for RNA polymerase?
The promoter indicates where transcription will begin.
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
5' deiodinase
Choriocarcinomas and trophoblastic tumors

20. What AR disease involves a decreased amount of sphingomyelinase - massive organomegaly - zebra bodies - and foamy histiocytes and is associated with chromosome 11p?
No. Prions are infectious proteins - so antibiotics are useless.
Niemann - Pick disease
Hyperpolarization (i.e. - K+ influx)
The poly(A) site on the DNA

21. What syndrome is associated with gastrin - producing islet cell tumor resulting in multiple intractable peptic ulcers?
Zollinger - Ellison syndrome
Cricothyroid muscles
Western blot
Beta2- integrins

22. What primary acid - base disturbance is cause by a decrease in alveolar ventilation (increasing CO2 levels) resulting in the reaction shifting to the right and increasing H+ and HCO3- levels?
Leuprolide
Respiratory acidosis (summary: high CO2 - high H+ - slightly high HCO3-)
Membranous septal defects are interventricular; a persistent patent ovale results in an interatrial septal defect.
They innervate skeletal muscle.

23. Name the MCC - Epiglottitis in an unvaccinated child
Mitochondria
Yes - as long the illness does not threaten limb or life. If illness is critical or an emergency - treat the child.
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Clonidine

24. What is the term for dilated veins within the spermatic cord?
Varicocele
Compliance; the more compliant a lung is - the easier it is to inflate.
Esophagus and esophageal nerve plexus (CN X) Remember: 1 at T8 - 2 at T10 - and 3 at T12
An increase in serum glucose levels

25. What complement factor or factors are associated with x Membrane attack complex (MAC)?
IgA deficiency; patients commonly present with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and GI disturbances.
The deepest sleep levels (stage 3 and 4) occur mostly in the first half of sleep.
Nucleus ambiguus - resulting in the uvula deviating away from the side of the lesion.
C5- C9

26. Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements - Plantar flex the foot - flex the toes - and invert the foot
Histiocytes
Posterior compartment of the leg - tibial nerve
naked viruses
Breathing high - pressure nitrogen over a long time and sudden decompression result in the bends.

27. Does being a female physician increase or decrease the risk of suicide?
Being a female physician increases the risk of suicide nearly four times the general population.
All
Central. Remember - there is a deficiency in ADH production in the central form.
Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine and colestipol) increase VLDL and triglyceride levels; therefore - they are not used if a patient has hypertriglyceridemia.

28. What ocular muscle x Elevates and abducts the eyeball?
21-Beta- Hydroxylase deficiency leads to hypotension - hyponatremia - and virilization.
Chromosome 5 - 21
Inferior Oblique (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
Female pseudohermaphrodite

29. Craniopharyngiomas are remnants of what?

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30. Only men have...
Global aphasia
Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal Abs
CN II is the sensory limb and CN III is the motor component through parasympathetic stimulation.
refractory sexual periods

31. Name the most common type or cause - Erysipelas
CD40 ligand
Transverse abdominis
Stage 3 and 4 most commonly. It can occur at any stage in the sleep cycle and is usually associated with a major stressor being introduced into the home.
Streptococcus pyogenes

32. Is a marker for increased bone formation.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase - a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - and malate dehydrogenase
Monocytosis
An elevated serum osteocalcin level
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

33. What is the term for pupils that react normally to accommodation but have bilateral loss of constriction in response to light?
Omega -3; linoleic is omega -6
Mycobacterium marinum
Glutamine and aspartate
Argyll Robertson pupils

34. Who decides competency and sanity?
The courts. These are legal - not medical terms.
Omega -3 fatty acids
Constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles
Xenograft

35. What is the size of the prokaryotic ribosome?
Doxycycline and minocycline
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
70S ribosomes in prokaryotes and 80S ribosomes in eukaryotes
Sideroblastic anemia

36. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x et
MEN II and III syndromes
Osteoblasts (Remember - they modulate the function of osteoclasts.)
Chromosome 15
Urogenital sinus

37. What form of the Plasmodium species is ingested by mosquitoes?
Gametocytes
Salmonella typhi
Meningomyelocele All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
Posterior compartment of the leg - tibial nerve

38. What cell type of the body or fundus of the stomach secretes pepsinogen?
HDL
Melasma
Hyperkalemia
Chief cells

39. What substance is used to test platelets' response in patients with von Willebrand disease?
Metabolic rate and alveolar ventilation (main factor)
Ristocetin
Calcium and ATP are required for packaged macromolecules to be extruded from the cell.
Homogentisate oxidase deficiency is seen in patients with alcaptonuria.

40. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Euphoria - delusions - thought disorders - Wernicke's aphasia - auditory hallucinations (Hint: the lesion is in the left hemisph
Dominant temporal lobe
MEN III (or IIb)
Flumazenil
Gain of isotonic fluid (isotonic saline)

41. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Nitrosoureas
G0 phase
The p50 value does not change in either anemia or polycythemia; the main change is the carrying capacity of the blood.
Scrotal cancer - due to the high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Planning and fine - tuning of voluntary skeletal muscle contractions. (Think coordination.) Remember - the function of the basal ganglia is to initiate gross voluntary skeletal muscle control.

42. Name the most common type or cause - Nephrotic syndrome
Ungated channels
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MGN)
Variola (smallpox)
Repaglinide

43. What herpes virus is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?
Action potential
HHV 8
Rib 7 articulates with T7 and T8. Each rib articulates with the corresponding numerical vertebral body and the vertebral body below it.
DNA ligase

44. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - Cytoplasm
Phase I
Eosin
Catechol - O- methyl transferase (COMT)
Metronidazole

45. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - Serotonin
Residual volume
One day after the LH surge and 2 days after the estrogen peak.
Tryptophan
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis due to hypertrophy of the muscularis externa - resulting in a narrowed pyloric outlet

46. In regard to motor development during infancy - choose the motor response that happens first - Release or grasp
Paramyxovirus
Rotavirus
Grasp proceeds release
Receptive aphasia is due to a lesion in Brodmann areas 22 - 39 - and 40; generally the patient is unaware of the deficit.

47. What result occurs because of the negative alveolar pressure generated during inspiration?
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
In the tuberoinfundibular pathway - dopamine release will decrease prolactin release - Which is why dopamine agonists are used in the treaatment of hyperprolactinemic states.
Down syndrome
Air flows into the respiratory system.

48. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Uterine tube - uterus - cervix - and upper third of the vagina
Superior
Paramesonephric ducts
The right kidney is lower in the abdominal cavity because of the amount of space the liver occupies.
Myasthenia gravis

49. What is the term for cytoplasmic remnants of RNA in RBCs - seen in lead poisoning?
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Creutzfeldt - Jakob's disease. Patients first develop vague somatic complaints and anxiety - rapidly followed by dysarthria - myoclonus - ataxia - and choreoathetosis.
Basophilic stippling
HDL

50. What region or regions of the adrenal cortex are stimulated by ACTH?
The second pharyngeal pouch and groove
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Zona fasciculata and zona reticularis
14 days