USMLE Step 1 Prep

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the most common one? - Route of spread in pyogenic osteomyelitis
Iron (Fe)
Hematogenous
Pertussis toxin
Rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes (with HLA- DR3)


2. What is the MCC of the following endocarditis scenarios? - Following biliary infections
Prolactin
Basal cell carcinoma
Enterococcus faecalis
Acetyl CoA carboxylase


3. What cestode causes cysticercosis?
Taenia solium
Semipermeable membrane; a selectively permeable membrane allows both water and small solutes to pass through its membrane.
Acute cystitis
Turner syndrome


4. Is derived from the ventral wall of the foregut.
Rhombencephalon
Erectile dysfunction
Aminoglycosides
The respiratory system


5. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Agraphia - acalculia - finger agnosia - right - left disorientation

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6. What Ig mediates ADCC via K cells - opsonizes - and is the Ig of the secondary immune response?
Respiratory distress syndrome; treatment with cortisol and thyroxine can increase production of surfactant.
IgG
1. Inhibin 2. Estradiol (E2) 3. Androgen - binding protein 4. Meiosis inhibiting factor (in fetal tissue) 5. Antim
Streptococci


7. A single mRNA strand translated by a ribosome is termed what?

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8. What diseases are associated with the HLA- B27 allele

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9. Name the following descriptions associated with bacterial endocarditis: x Painful subcutaneous nodules on fingers and toes
Pancreas and colon
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Aspiration
Osler nodes


10. What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea? Watery diarrhea from beef - poultry - or gravies
Major
Clostridium perfringens
After the eclipse period
Poliomyelitis; it is a bilateral LMN lesion.


11. Do not have MHC class I Ags on their surface.
RBCs
Microcytotoxic assay
Negative
Pseudogout


12. At what stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) do children x See death as irreversible?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Functions of hepatocytes
Lateral hypothalamic zone; lesions here result in aphagia. (Notice the difference between the feeding center and the satiety center; they are in different zones.)
Concrete operations (6-12 years)


13. What law states that an enlarged - palpable gallbladder is more likely due to cancer than stone obstruction?

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14. What Beta- blocker is also an a - blocker?
MHC class II Ags. This is accomplished via CD4 T cells.
Pseudogout
Gain of isotonic fluid (isotonic saline)
Labetalol


15. What disease has a genetically low level of UDPglucuronate transferase - resulting in elevated free unconjugated bilirubin?

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16. A 20-year - old black woman goes to you with nonspecific joint pain - fever - and a malar rash over the bridge of her nose and on her cheeks. This is a classic example of What autoimmune disease? What are three autoantibody tests you could order to m
No - unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds.
SLE; ANA - anti - dsDNA and anti - Sm (anti - Smith)
The carotid body - which monitors arterial blood directly
HBcAb IgM - HBV- DNA - HBeAg - HBsAg


17. What subset of CD4 helper T- cell function is helping the development of CD8 T cells?
Th1; they are also responsible for delayed - type hypersensitivity (type IV)
a - Methyldopa (Guanabenz or clonidine is also used.)
Antisocial
Iron deficiency anemia


18. What toxin - produced by Clostridium tetani - binds to ganglioside receptors and blocks the release of glycine and GABA at the spinal synapse?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Histone acetylases is a regulator favoring gene expression. All of the others favor inactivation.
Seminoma
Tetanospasmin (also called tetanus toxin)


19. There are no central ___ receptors.
The Purkinje cell
O2
Hepatitis D
Carcinoid tumor


20. What T cell line arises from low affinity for self - MHC class I Ags in the thymus?
CD8+ T cells
Pott disease
Superior colliculus (Remember S for Superior and Sight). The inferior colliculus processes auditory information from both ears.
Resorb CSF into the blood


21. What family do the following viruses belong to? - California encephalitis
C4 (the upper border of the thyroid cartilage)
Bunyavirus
A positive PPD skin test
Pedophilia


22. Name the antidote - Acetaminophen
Shortens
Monocytosis
Increases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N- Acetylcysteine


23. What form of endocarditis do patients with SLE commonly encounter?
Libman - Sacks endocarditis
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)
Eclipse period
Amyl nitrate - sodium nitrate - or sodium thiosulfate


24. What phase of the cell cycle are the following antineoplastic agents specific for? - Dacarbazine
PT for extrinsic and PTT for intrinsic (remember: wPeT and hPiTT - which means warfarin - extrinsic - PT; heparin - intrinsic - PTT)
G0 phase
Round and ovarian ligaments
N- formyl - methionine LTB4 C5a IL-8


25. Name the most common type or cause - Chronic metal poisoning
IgA
Lead
Increase in erythropoietin and increase in 2 - 3- BPG - also called 2 - 3- diphosphoglycerate (2 - 3- P2Gri) (increase in glycolysis)
50% - with 50% of them having the child


26. What class of antimicrobial agents should be avoided in patients with a history of GPDH deficiency?
Thyroid hormones
Prevalence rate
Wegener granulomatosis
Sulfonamides


27. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Amount of air in the lungs after maximal inspiration
Plasma concentration and excretion rate
Arterial PCO2 levels are proportional to cerebral blood flow.
Plasmodium falciparum
Total lung capacity (TLC)


28. What are the only two picornaviruses that do not lead to aseptic meningitis?
Vagus nerve
Rhinovirus and hepatitis A virus
Obese patients
Alveoli; they are part of the respiratory portion.


29. What is the relationship between ventilation and PCO2 levels?
Sheehan syndrome
They are inversely related. If ventilation increases - there will be a decrease in PCO2 levels and vice versa.
Spasms of the uterus - bladder - and the biliary tree occur with all of the opioids except meperidine.
Minocycline


30. What is the term for the sign revealed when a psoriatic scale is removed and pinpoint bleeding occurs?
Auspitz sign
Superior
PTH
Placental alkaline phosphatase


31. Name the pattern of genetic transmission characterized thus: both M and F are affected; M may transmit to M; each generation has at least one affected parent; and one mutant allele may produce the disease.
Syphilitic
Autosomal dominant
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.
S phase


32. What nerve roots constitute the cervical plexus?
Transient ischemic attack
The carotid sinus reflex
C1 through C4
D- Penicillamine


33. Which muscles of the eye are under parasympathetic control?
Barr bodies in females - T- cell receptor loci - and immunoglobulin light and heavy chain loci
Constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles
Semicircular canal
A gene (a rather simple definition but accurate)


34. Do newborns have a preference for still or moving objects?
Moving objects - along with large bright objects with curves and complex designs.
Giant cell bone tumor (osteoclastoma)
Chronic rejection
The raphe nuclei


35. What is the most common one? - Site of Crohn disease
Increase the concentration of enzymes
CN V
CMV - Toxoplasma gondii - and Listeria
Terminal ileum


36. Below the ___________ - all the aponeurotic fibers run anterior to the rectus abdominis.
IgA
Empyema
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
Arcuate line


37. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x sis
Astrocytoma
Ependymoma
In the cytoplasm of the presynaptic nerve terminal; it is catalyzed by choline acetyltransferase.
Frameshift


38. T cells can recognize - bind - and internalize...
unprocessed Ags
give a warning
Alcohol and its related problems cost the country approximately $100 billion a year.
Infliximab


39. What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Megaloblastic anemia (decreased absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid)
Initiate and manage gross skeletal muscle movement control
The muscle's ATPase activity
Site 3


40. What is the primary target for the action of glucagon?
Surface tension; in the alveoli - it is a force that acts to collapse the lung.
From the wall of the yolk sac
Liver (hepatocytes)
Lead - time bias (remember - patients don't live longer with the disease; they are diagnosed sooner.)


41. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Azygos vein
Class II
Negative reinforcement
Aminophylline
Superior and posterior


42. Name the form of spina bifida - Meninges and spinal cord project through a vertebral defect
Wernicke's aphasia
Meningomyelocele All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
Ulcerative colitis
igantism


43. Induces the cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
GH
Glycogen phosphorylase
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ethyl alcohol


44. Name these narcissistic defense mechanisms: x Everything in the world is perceived as either good or bad . No middle ground; it is all extremes.
Five pairs through five sacral vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Right - sided valves
Splitting
Phase 0


45. What is associated with prolonged lithium use?
Dysplasia
Removal of the ileum
CD4+ T cells (helper)
Hypothyroidism. (TSH levels must be monitored.)


46. What is the neurotransmitter at the d - receptor?
The systemic veins have the largest blood volume - and the pulmonary veins have the second largest blood volume in the cardiovascular system. They represent the reservoirs of circulation.
1. Ca2+ : calmodulin ratio 2. Epinephrine 3. Glucagon
Enkephalin
Exogenous steroids suppress LH release and result in Leydig cell atrophy. Testosterone - produced by Leydig cells - is needed for spermatogenesis.


47. What part of the heart forms x Superior border?
GH deficiency
Conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and right and left auricles
Fragile X syndrome
relaxation


48. When is the surface tension the greatest in the respiratory cycle?
Surface tension - the force to collapse the lung - is greatest at the end of inspiration.
Primary hypogonadism (postmenopausal women)
Clavicle - acromion - and glenoid fossa of the scapula and the humerus
HTN


49. What disorder of aldosterone secretion is characterized by x Decreased total body sodium - ECF volume - plasma volume - BP - and pH; increased potassium - renin - and AT II activity; no edema?

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50. A 30-year - old woman goes to your office with bilateral multiple breast nodules that vary with menstruation and have cyclical pain and engorgement. What is your diagnosis?
Degenerates
Fibrocystic change of the breast. This highlights the distinguishing features from breast cancer - Which is commonly unilateral - single nodule - no variation with pregnancy.
Trimethoprim
Astrocytes