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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In what form are triglycerides sent to adipose tissue from the liver?
Agoraphobia. It also means having a sense of humiliation or hopelessness.
IQ
VLDLs
Native Americans

2. Name the macrophages by location: x Kidney
50% - with 50% of them having the child
Mesangial macrophages
Secondary hypocortisolism (pituitary)
Embolism

3. What is given to pregnant women within 24 hours after birth to eliminate Rh+ fetal blood cells from their circulation?
Reverse transcriptase
100%; the percentage of blood flow through the pulmonary and systemic circulations are equal.
Hypervariable region (three per light chain; three per heavy chain)
Rho (D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) - an anti - RhD IgG antibody - prevents generation of RhD- specific memory B cells in the mother.

4. If the AV difference is positive - is the substance extracted or produced by the organ?
A positive AV difference indicates that a substance is extracted by the organ - and a negative difference indicates that it is produced by the organ.
HBeAg
Extravascular hemolysis if it occurs in the spleen; if in the liver - it results in hepatomegaly.
Bordetella pertussis

5. Which organisms have polycistronic mRNA?
Anhedonia
Prokaryotes. Polycistronic and prokaryotes both start with P.
Multiple myeloma
Capillaries

6. What operant conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Removing a reinforcement (without the patient knowing) gradually over time to stop a condition?
Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli
Fading
Angiosarcoma of the liver
Clozapine

7. What are the three main components of amyloid?
Testicular lymphoma
Birth defects - low birth weight (< 1500 g) with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) - and SIDS
Fibrillary protein - amyloid protein - and glycosaminoglycans (heparin sulfate mainly)
Rhinovirus

8. From what pharyngeal pouch is the following structure derived? - Palatine tonsil
Epispadia
Liquids - CHO - protein - fat
Kl
Second M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives

9. What is the largest nucleus in the midbrain?
The substantia nigra is the largest nucleus in the midbrain. It contains melanin and uses GABA and dopamine as its neurotransmitters.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Kinesins. Dynein generates retrograde transportation of information.
Escherichia coli

10. What term describes how an action potential is propagated along an axon?
Transposons
ALA dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase
Saltatory conduction
Vesicular stomatitis virus

11. What three things are needed to produce a double bond in a fatty acid chain in the endoplasmic reticulum?
Both are AR with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - but Dubin - Johnson syndrome is differentiated from Rotor by the black pigmentation of the liver.
NADPH - O2 - and cytochrome b5
Truncus arteriosus
Hyperpolarization (i.e. - K+ influx)

12. At what stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) do children x Lack law of conservation and be egocentric?
1. Exercise 2. Emergencies (stress) 3. Exposure to cold (The three Es)
Bacterial meningitis
The systemic veins have the largest blood volume - and the pulmonary veins have the second largest blood volume in the cardiovascular system. They represent the reservoirs of circulation.
Preoperational (2-6 years)

13. Do you monitor heparin's therapeutic levels by PT or PTT?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Hematogenous
Heparin - intrinsic pathway - PTT; warfarin - extrinsic pathway - PT (mnemonic: hPeT - wPiTT)
ELISA screens and Western blot confirms the diagnosis.

14. Name the lipoprotein based on the following characteristics - apo E - apo C- II - apoB-48
Chylomicrons
The poly(A) site on the DNA
Trichuris trichiura is treated with albendazole.
Superior colliculus (Remember S for Superior and Sight). The inferior colliculus processes auditory information from both ears.

15. Why is there a minimal change in BP during exercise if there is a large drop in TPR?
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Because the large drop in TPR is accompanied by a large increase in cardiac output - resulting in a minimal change in BP.
Dissociation
Atrial contraction Atrial - Contraction - Venous

16. What form of angina is characterized by x Coronary artery vasospasm - symptom occurrence at rest - ST segment elevation (during episode) - and no signs on ECG?
Left CN XII lesion would result in the tongue pointing to the left (points at the affected side).
Prinzmetal variant angina
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Intrinsic. The extrinsic pathway is activated by the release of tissue factors.

17. In a diabetic patient - to What does aldose reductase convert glucose?
Anterior compartment of the leg - deep peroneal nerve
From age 5 onward IQ stabilizes.
Terbinafine
Sorbitol (resulting in cataracts)

18. What vitamin is an important component of rhodopsin?
Mentally disabled
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
The kidneys excrete the excess nitrogen from the body as urea in the urine.
Vitamin A

19. What 11- amino acid peptide is the neurotransmitter of sensory neurons that conveys pain from the periphery to the spinal cord?
The rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
IF-2 of the 30S subunit
Substance P. (Opioids relieve pain in part by blocking substance P.)
T4; because of the greater affinity for the binding protein - T4 has a significantly (nearly fifty times) longer half - life than T3.

20. What cells of the kidney are extravascular chemoreceptors for decreased Na+ - Cl - - and NaCl?
Macula densa
Thymine
Decreases
Acebutolol and Pindolol

21. Which subset of MEN syndrome is associated with the following? - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - pheochromocytoma - and parathyroid adenomas (or hyperplasia)
Purulent exudates
HBeAg
MEN IIa (or Sipple syndrome)
EBV

22. What type of jaundice is seen in Rotor's syndrome?
A high - resistance system is formed when resistors are added in a series.
Conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia
G0 phase
Arterioles have the largest drop - whereas the vena cava has the smallest pressure drop in systemic circulation.

23. What is the term for the negative resting membrane potential moving toward threshold?
Snails
Depolarization (i.e. - Na+ influx)
Macule (e.g. - a freckle)
Ipratropium

24. What is the maximum rate possible with a given amount of enzyme?
Mentally disabled
There are no valves and no smooth muscle in the walls of the veins in the face.
Arboviruses (bunyavirus - flavivirus - and togavirus)
Vmax

25. What portion of the intervertebral disk is a remnant of the notochord?
excites the neuron
Nucleus pulposus
Mitosis
Heinz bodies

26. Name the most common type or cause - Mallory- Weiss syndrome
Alcoholism
Cortisol levels increase. Lymphocyte levels decrease in sleep - deprived individuals.
There would be a Fab' region; thus - it would still be able to participate in precipitation and agglutination.
Alcohol abuse

27. What drug is used to differentiate a cholinergic crisis from myasthenia gravis?
Edrophonium
Ependymal cells
Lung cancer
The left is a branch of the aortic arch - while the right is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.

28. What three cephalosporins can produce disulfiram - like reactions?
HHV 8
Middle meningeal artery
1. Cefamandole 2. Cefoperazone 3. Moxalactam
Nominal scale (categorical - e.g. - male or female)

29. Are modified skeletal muscle fibers. They are the sensory component of the stretch reflexes.
Dilator pupillae muscle
Vitamin A
Muscle spindles
Chromosome 19

30. What complement factor deficiency leads to x Recurrent gonococcal infections?
Median nerve
C5- C8 deficiency
The increased H+ moves intracellularly and is buffered by K+ leaving the cells - resulting in intracellular depletion and serum excess. (Intracellular hypokalemia is the reason you supplement potassium in diabetic ketoacidosis - even though the serum
Poxvirus

31. What type II hypersensitivity disorder is defined as x Autoantibodies directed against RBC Ag I?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Adipose tissue
2 acetyl CoA per glucose - producing 12 ATPs per acetyl CoA - resulting in a total of 24 ATPs produced from glucose (via acetyl CoA) enter the TCA cycle
Avoidant

32. Codman triangle on radiograph
CN VII and VIII
Transient protein C deficiency - because of its relatively short half - life - may result if warfarin is instituted alone.
Both
Osteosarcoma

33. Name the type of exudate - given the following examples - Rickettsial infection
Somatomedins
Hemorrhagic exudates
Malassezia furfur (treat with selenium sulfide)
Cirrhosis and hemolytic anemia - which are risk factors for pigmented gallstones.

34. What is the term for processing an APC's pinocytosed material by fusing with a lysosomal granule and cleaving the Ag into peptide fragments?
Ag processing; it is needed for class I molecules. Class II molecules have an invariant chain that protects them from breakdown.
Variola (smallpox)
Angiosarcoma of the liver
DM - hypercholesterolemia - smoking - and HTN are major risk factors. Being male - obesity - sedentary lifestyle - homocysteine elevation - oral contraceptive pills - and genetics are minor risk factors for atherosclerosis.

35. What is the term for having fantasies or dressing in female clothes for sexual arousal by heterosexual men?
Cefamandole - cefoperazone - and moxalactam
Transvestite fetishism
Hepatitis D
Middle

36. All primary oocytes in females are formed By What age?
Chylomicrons
urease positive
They are all formed by the fifth month of fetal life.
Clostridium botulinum

37. What is the term given to arthropod - borne viruses?
Plasmodium malariae
IgG3
Arboviruses (bunyavirus - flavivirus - and togavirus)
Transverse abdominis

38. What is the term for ventilation of unperfused alveoli?
Volkmann's contracture
1. Clavulanic acid 2. Sulbactam 3. Tazobactam
NE - via its vasoconstrictive action on blood vessels
Alveolar dead space

39. What antidepressant - which recently was approved for general anxiety disorder - inhibits the reuptake of NE and 5- HT?
Cyclothymia (nonpsychotic bipolar). Patients are ego syntonic.
Venlafaxine. (It also has a mild dopaminergic effect.)
a -1 - 6 transferase
1. Increased synthesis and secretion of oxytocin 2. Increased release of PIF by the hypothalamus 3. Inhibition of GnRH (suppressing FSH/LH) 4. Milk secretion

40. What is the most common one? - Malignant germ cell tumor in women
No - you never refuse to treat a patient simply because he or she can't pay. You are a patient advocate.
Microglia. All others are neuroectodermal derivatives.
Choriocarcinoma
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. When this enzyme is blocked - acetaldehyde builds up - and its presence in excess results in nausea and hypotension.

41. What are the genetic variants of a molecule within members of the same species?
Third week; they are derived from the wall of the yolk sac.
Sphingomyelin (lecithin also - but it is not a sphingolipid)
Allotypes
HBsAg (incubation period)

42. What nerves carry the sensory and motor components of the blink reflex?
Ependymoma
LDL
CN V1 carries the sensory and CN VII carries the motor component of the blink reflex.
Demeclocycline

43. What basic reflex regulates muscle tone by contracting muscles in response to stretch of that muscle?
Lesser curvature of the antrum of the stomach
The myotatic reflex is responsible for the tension present in all resting muscle.
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T- cell lymphoma)
1. Tight junctions 2. Capillaries that lack fenestration 3. Very selective pinocytosis by the capillaries

44. What is the most common one? - Organism associated with mastitis
Pyruvate carboxylase
Staphylococcus aureus
Area 4
T wave

45. Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements - Dorsiflex the foot - extend the toes - and invert the foot
Lac repressor protein
Bactericidal
Spermatid
Anterior compartment of the leg - deep peroneal nerve

46. Pseudopalisades
Glioblastoma multiforme
Insulinoma
Insulin increases total body stores of protein - fat - and CHOs. When you think insulin - you think storage.
Alveolar macrophages

47. Why is hypothyroidism associated with night blindness?
Acarbose
Positive predictive value
M
Thyroid hormones are necessary for conversion of carotene to vitamin A.

48. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Azide
Passive - aggressive
Cytochrome a/a3
Autograft
M3 (promyelocytic leukemia)

49. What nerve is associated with the following functions? - Flex the wrist and digits - pronate the wrist and the LOAF (Lumbricales - Opponens pollicis - Abductor pollicis brevis - Flexor pollicis brevis) muscles of the hand
Left: stomach - spleen - and left kidney; right: liver - duodenum - and right kidney
ELISA. It detects anti - p24 IgG.
Median nerve
Endometrial cancer

50. What chromosome 4 - AD disorder is a degeneration of GABA neurons in the striatum of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia?

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USMLE Step 1 Prep

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