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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patients with _______________ have B cells in the peripheral blood.
Reye syndrome
Production of oxygen free radicals
ACL
common variable hypogammaglobinemia
2. The left subclavian artery is a branch of What artery?
Clostridium perfrigens
CN V
Sporozoites
The left is a branch of the aortic arch - while the right is a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.
3. Name the thalamic nucleus based on its input and output - Input from medial lemniscus and the spinocerebellar tracts; output to the primary somatosensory cortex
Prefrontal cortex; it is in front of the premotor area.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
Coagulative
4. What hormone's release is strongly associated with stage 4 sleep?
Spectinomycin
Radial nerve and the profunda brachii artery
Absolute refractory period is due to voltage inactivation of sodium channels.
GH. The largest output of GH in a 24- hour period is during stage 4 sleep.
5. When a person goes from supine to standing - what happens to the following? - Dependent venous blood volume
Decrease (5- HT and dopamine levels do the same)
Increases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ions diffuse in the direction to bring the membrane potential toward the equilibrium potential.
Biotin (only if eaten in large quantities)
6. What enzyme of the TCA cycle catalyzes the production of the following: x NADH (hint: 3 enzymes)
CMV - Toxoplasma gondii - and Listeria
Staphylococcus aureus
Isocitrate dehydrogenase - a - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - and malate dehydrogenase
a -1 - 6 transferase
7. What form of anemia is diagnosed with sucrose lysis test and Ham test?
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Digoxin is renally eliminated; digitoxin is hepatically eliminated.
Adhesions and hernias
Pontocerebellar angle syndrome
8. What substance do the JG cells of the kidney secrete in response to low blood pressure?
Renin
Increase enzyme concentrations
Crude mortality rate
Rheumatic fever
9. Has analgesic and antipyretic activities but lacks anti - inflammatory effects.
Acetaminophen
Glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
Intention tremor; it is a sign of cerebellar lesions. A tremor at rest (i.e. - pill rolling) is seen in basal ganglia lesions.
Invariant chain. This is essential because the CD4 T cells have antigen receptors only for peptides bound to the MHC II molecule. (MHC restriction)
10. What cells of the nephron function as sodium concentration sensors of the tubular fluid?
Hepatitis B
Cleft palate
S phase
Macula densa
11. Name the macrophage based on its location: x Epidermal macrophages
Oligodendroglioma
Huntington disease
Propranolol
Langerhans cells
12. From What do catalase - superoxide dismutase - and glutathione peroxidase defend the cell?
Lipoxygenase pathway - from arachidonic acid
Francisella tularensis
Achalasia
Production of oxygen free radicals
13. Caf
Neurofibromatosis
Antidigoxin Fab fragments
Trypsin
Metaphase of meiosis II (in the oocyte of the graafian follicle)
14. Which mycoplasma species is associated with urethritis - prostatitis - and renal calculi?
Pulmonary embolism due to a DVT; this is not absolute but a classic description.
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Budd - Chiari syndrome
Anti - HAV IgG Abs are associated with immunization or a prior infection. Anti - HAV IgM is associated with acute or recent infection.
15. Name the ventricular muscle membrane channel: x Closed at rest; depolarization causes channels to open quickly; will not respond to a second stimulus until cell is repolarized.
Adult T- cell leukemia
Resistance decreases as resistors are added in parallel.
Voltage - gated sodium channel
P wave
16. What is the term for precipitation of calcium phosphate in dying or necrotic tissue?
Multiple myeloma
Dystrophic calcification
Carbidopa and benserazide
Herpes virus
17. What vessels carry deoxygenated blood into the lungs from the right ventricle?
Viruses
Hypothyroidism. (TSH levels must be monitored.)
The right and left pulmonary arteries - the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
Valence
18. What vitamin requires IF for absorption?
Melatonin - serotonin - and CCK
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
O2
L4 to S3 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)
19. What vein drains the lower third of the thoracic wall?
Hemiazygous vein
Cyclothymia (nonpsychotic bipolar). Patients are ego syntonic.
Burkitt lymphoma
Onset of bleeding
20. What is released from the mitochondria to trigger apoptosis?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction (delayed type because of the 48-96 hour latency)
Lithium
The Halsted - Reitan battery. It consists of finger oscillation - speech sound perception - rhythm - tactual - and category testing.
Cytochrome c
21. What three AAs are used to synthesize the purine ring?
1. Glycine 2. Aspartate 3. Glutamine
Superior rectus (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
4 years old
Superior and posterior
22. Name the reaction that appears in babies who are temporarily deprived of their usual caretaker. (This reaction usually begins around 6 months of age - peaks around 8 months - and decreases at 12 months.)
Separation anxiety
Cerebellum
CD28
Candida
23. What is the first epidermal layer without organelles and nuclei
14 days
eEF-1
Stratum lucidum
Criterion - referenced tests. You need a certain number correct to pass (e.g. - the USMLE).
24. What term is defined as a patient unconsciously placing his or her thoughts and feelings on the physician in a caregiver or parent role?
Nucleus pulposus
Distal convoluted tubules
Convergence
Transference. When it is from the physician to the patient it is called countertransference.
25. Which organism causes Weil's disease?
2 acetyl CoA per glucose - producing 12 ATPs per acetyl CoA - resulting in a total of 24 ATPs produced from glucose (via acetyl CoA) enter the TCA cycle
Leptospira
relaxation
28 L - 40% of body weight
26. Is marital satisfaction higher for couples with or without children?
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27. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Cerebral aqueduct
VIPoma
Two major or one major and two minor
Decreased REM sleep and REM rebound during withdrawal
Mesencephalon
28. What do the risk factors late menopause - early menarche - obesity - nulliparity - excessive estrogen - genetic factor p53 - and brc - abl characterize?
Breast cancer
1. Recognize self from nonself 2. Amplify via cell division or complementation 3. Control the level of the response 4. Remove foreign material
Case fatality rate
Anemia of chronic disease
29. What is the term for gastric ulcers associated with increased intracranial pressure?
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30. What complex of the ETC contains Cu2+?
Complex 4
Midazolam
Aldolase B deficiencies are treated by eliminating fructose from the diet.
Friedreich ataxia
31. How early can a pregnancy be detected by hCG assays in the blood? In urine?
Because incidence is defined as new events; treatment does not decrease the number of new events. It does decrease the number of individuals with the event (prevalence would decrease).
hCG can be detected in the blood by day 8 and in the urine by day 10.
Unipolar disorder (major depression)
Nephrotoxicity
32. Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information: No persistent liver stage or relapse; blood smear shows multiple ring forms and crescent - shaped gametes; irregular febrile pattern; associated with cerebral malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
Stable
Contralateral. The spinothalamic tract enters the spinal cord and immediately synapses in the dorsal horn - crosses over - and ascends contralateral in the spinal cord - brainstem - thalamus - and postcentral gyrus.
Extravascular hemolysis if it occurs in the spleen; if in the liver - it results in hepatomegaly.
33. What connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?
Foramen of Monro
If the polyuria begins before the collecting ducts - the patient is dehydrated and electrolyte depleted. If the polyuria originates from the collecting ducts - the patient is dehydrated with normal electrolytes.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Are inactivated vaccines available in the United States
34. Fact without feeling (la belle indiff
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
Action potential
Isolation of affect
Teratoma
35. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Uterine tube - uterus - cervix - and upper third of the vagina
It is produced by the preload on the muscle prior to contraction.
The entire tubule barring the thick ascending limb
Asparagine
Paramesonephric ducts
36. At What age does a child develop x Endogenous smile?
Nicotine (but it sure has a nasty withdrawal!)
>3.5 g/day of protein - along with generalized edema - hypoalbuminemia - and hyperlipidemia
Campylobacter jejuni
At birth (reflex)
37. Does Cushing syndrome or Cushing disease have elevated ACTH levels and cortisol suppression with dexamethasone?
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38. What is the term to describe the increased rate of secretion of adrenal androgens at the onset of puberty?
Hyperkalemia
Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)
Adrenarche
Mitral valve stenosis
39. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - Serotonin
presence of PMNs
Tryptophan
Bruton X- linked hypogammaglobinemia. Tyrosine kinase deficiency leads to inadequate B cell maturation.
Southern blot
40. What is the term for nonneoplastic abnormal proliferation of cell size - shape - and cellular organization?
Raynaud's phenomenon
Ganciclovir
Dysplasia
Primary spermatocyte
41. What nucleus supplies the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion?
Fading
Breathing high - pressure nitrogen over a long time and sudden decompression result in the bends.
Edinger - Westphal nucleus (via CN III)
Cytosine
42. What is the term to describe the limited portion of an Ag that is recognized by an Ab?
Hydatidiform mole
Antigenic determinant (epitope)
ASA (salicylate)
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis syndrome
43. What is the term for the amount of a drug that is needed to produce the desired effect?
Paranoid
Fibroadenoma
Potency
Adenine and guanine
44. What pathway of the coagulation cascade is activated when it is in contact with foreign surfaces?
False - negative rate
Huntington disease
Nodular sclerosis
Intrinsic. The extrinsic pathway is activated by the release of tissue factors.
45. How many months in How many years must a person cough with copious sputum production for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis to be made?
Streptococcus viridans
NE
The V/Q ratio increases - since the area is ventilated but hypoperfused as a result of the occlusion.
3 months of symptoms in 2 consecutive years
46. How do delusions - illusions - and hallucinations differ?
Hallucinations are sensory impressions (without a stimulus); illusions are misperceptions of real stimuli; and delusions are false beliefs that are not shared by the culture.
Fixation (arrested development)
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
Doxycycline and minocycline
47. Name the MCC - Aspiration pneumonia in an alcoholic
VIPoma
VSD
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Camper's fascia; Scarpa's fascia is devoid of fat. (Remember campers are fat.)
48. During What embryonic week does the intraembryonic coelom form?
Extracellular
Campylobacter jejuni
Third week
Clostridium perfrigens
49. Familial hypercholesteremia is due to a mutation in the LDL receptor gene. What chromosome carries it?
Ethacrynic acid
Chromosome 19
Normally corticobulbar fiber innervation of the CNs is bilateral (the LMN receives information from both the left and right cerebral cortex) - but with CN VII the LMN of the upper face receives bilateral input but the lower facial LMNs receive only c
The conversion of tyrosine to dopamine in the cytoplasm
50. What paraphilia is defined as x Sexual urges toward children?
H 2
Pedophilia
Quaternary structure
Left: stomach - spleen - and left kidney; right: liver - duodenum - and right kidney
Sorry!:) No result found.
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