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Test your basic knowledge |
USMLE Step 1 Prep
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
usmle-step-1
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What test uses very small amounts of DNA that can be amplified and analyzed without the use of Southern blotting or cloning?
Flumazenil
Cholera toxin irreversibly activates the cAMP- dependent chloride pumps of the small and large intestine - producing a large volume of chloride - rich diarrhea.
PCR
Superior and posterior
2. Name the antidote - Methyl alcohol
Hypoxanthine (remember - IMP is a precursor for AMP and GMP)
Arginine
Western blot
Ethyl alcohol
3. What is the term for involuntary constriction of the outer third of the vagina to prevent penile penetration?
Middle
6 weeks 10 weeks
Transitional cell carcinoma
Vaginismus; it is the female counterpart of premature ejaculation.
4. Name the associated chromosome - Marfan disease
Chromosome 15
Neurofibromatosis
HMP shunt
Disorganized schizophrenia
5. What three substances stimulate parietal cells?
Cross - sectional studies determine prevalence - not incidence or cause and effect.
Viruses
Severe (range 20-34)
ACh - histamine - and gastrin
6. What malabsorption syndrome produces abdominal distention - bloating - flatulence - diarrhea - steatorrhea - and weight loss shortly after eating bread products?
First pharyngeal groove; all others degenerate.
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
Interval scale (a ruler - for example)
Celiac sprue (gluten - sensitive enteropathy)
7. What is the name for the following RBC indices? - The coefficient of variation of the RBC volume
Stratum corneum (keratinized)
Red blood cell distribution width index (RDW)
Preload. It is the load on a muscle Prior to contraction.
G1 phase; G2 and S phase are diploid (2N).
8. What CN carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the viscera of the neck - thorax - foregut - and midgut?
CN X (Remember - the vagus nerve supplies the parasympathetic information from the tip of the pharynx to the end of the midgut and all between.)
CN X
Resistance increases as resistors are added to the circuit.
Atrial filling (venous filling) Atrial - Contraction - Venous
9. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Telencephalon
Hexosaminidase A
Promotes systemic venous return into the chest and increases the caliber and volume of the pulmonary vessels
Glioblastoma multiforme
Proencephalon
10. What three bacteria are positive to quellung reactive test?
Leucine and lysine
Plasmodium vivax
Right - sided
1. Neisseria meningitidis 2. Haemophilus influenzae 3. Streptococcus pneumoniae
11. Name the period described by the following statement: no matter how strong a stimulus is - no further action potentials can be stimulated.
Absolute refractory period is due to voltage inactivation of sodium channels.
Varicocele
Areas 18 and 19
Malignancy
12. What restriction endonuclease site is destroyed in sickle Beta- globin allele?
CMV retinitis and HSV-2
MstII; changing codon 6 (from A to T) destroys the restriction site.
Vitamin K deficiency has normal bleeding time and increased PT - and vitamin C deficiency has increased bleeding time and normal PT.
cDNA - when it is made from mRNA
13. What antihistamine is used in the treatment of serotonergic crisis?
1. Lateral pectoral 2. Lateral head of the median 3. Musculocutaneus
Cyproheptadine
Chromosome 4p
Water soluble
14. What is the term for fibrinoid necrosis of the arterioles in the kidney secondary to malignant hypertension?
Type I (makes sense - since they have a predisposition for fractures and type I collagen is associated with bones and tendons)
Metaplasia (usually to a more protective cell type)
Onion skinning
Cushing's ulcers
15. What two receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone lead to vomiting when stimulated?
von Gierke's disease
The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured and the lunate is the most commonly dislocated.
Respiratory depression
2 and 5HT3 receptors
16. What is the term for the point on a scale that divides the population into two equal parts?
Ascending limb
Mesonephric duct (ureteric bud)
epithelial lining
Median (think of it as the halfway point)
17. Where does the parotid (Stensen's) duct enter the oral cavity?
CN V1 - the occulomotor division of the trigeminal nerve - is the sensory component of the corneal reflex.
Opposite the second upper molar tooth
Positive sense RNA means it can serve as mRNA and therefore has 5'-3' polarity
Boutonni
18. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - RBCs
Ostium secundum defects
Indirect or unconjugated
The zygote divides mitotically; only germ cells divide meiotically.
Eosin
19. What class 1A antiarrhythmic agent has SLE- like syndrome side effect in slow acetylators?
Neutrophils - eosinophils - and basophils
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Procainamide
LTC4 and LTD4
20. The first area affected during hypoxia.
Osteosarcoma
ACL
The central vein of the liver lobule
Supraoptic nuclei; lesions here result in diabetes insipidus.
21. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Oligomycin
Tidal volume (VT)
Fo/F1 complex
Tylosis
Atrial filling (venous filling) Atrial - Contraction - Venous
22. The closure of what valve indicates the beginning of the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?
Crossover study
Closure of the aortic valve indicates the termination of the ejection phase and the beginning of the isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
Voltage - gated channel
Papillary carcinoma of the ovary
23. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Amount of air in the lungs after maximal expiration
Depression
Residual volume (RV)
Hexosaminidase A
Intention tremor; it is a sign of cerebellar lesions. A tremor at rest (i.e. - pill rolling) is seen in basal ganglia lesions.
24. What is the drug of choice in treating a patient with hyperuricemia due to underexcretion of uric acid?
Temporal lobe
Test - retest reliability
Sphingomyelinase
robenecid - a uricosuric agent
25. Name the type of regeneration (i.e. - labile - stable - or permanent) based on the following examples - Pancreas
Coccidioides immitis
Stable
17- alpha - Hydroxylase deficiency
Voltage - gated sodium channel
26. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Additional volume that can be expired after normal expiration
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Membrane depolarization is the stimulus to open these slow channels - and if they are prevented from opening - it will slow down the repolarization phase.
Aspiration pneumonia
transcription
27. What type II hypersensitivity disorder is defined as x Autoantibodies directed against platelet integrin?
Production of HCO3- - shifting the reaction to the left and thereby decreasing H+
The one start codon - AUG - in eukaryotes codes for methionine and in prokaryotes formylmethionine.
Centriacinar worse in upper lobes; panacinar worse in base of lower lobes
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
28. Name the area of the cerebral cortex with the function described: x Skill - based memory - verbal recall - balance - refined voluntary movements
The reduviid bug
Popliteus
Selegiline
Cerebellum
29. Name the cluster C personality disorder: x Sensitive to criticism - shy - anxious; socially isolated but yearns to be in the crowd
Succinylcholine
Pick's disease
Leydig cell tumor
Avoidant
30. In what organelle does the TCA cycle occur?
Atelectasis
Mitochondria
Necator americanus is treated with mebendazole and iron therapy.
The entire tubule barring the thick ascending limb
31. Bloody tap on lumbar puncture
Hemophilia B
Schatzki ring
Nondominant parietal lobe
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
32. What is the primary end product of pyrimidine synthesis?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Avidity. There is a positive correlation between valence numbers and avidity.
Stapes artery
UMP
33. Name the area of the cerebral cortex affected by the description of the effects - symptoms - and results of the lesion - Denies being blind - cortical blindness
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34. What is the term for the same results achieved again on testing a subject a second or third time?
Test - retest reliability
The renal circulation has the smallest AV O2 (high venous PO2) difference in the body because of the overperfusion of the kidneys resulting from filtration.
Fibrillary protein - amyloid protein - and glycosaminoglycans (heparin sulfate mainly)
Melanoma
35. Name the most common cause - Croup
Increase enzyme concentrations
Resistance of the system increases. (Remember - when resistors are connected in a series - the total of the resistance is the sum of the individual resistances.)
There are 10 bronchopulmonary segments on the right and 8 on the left.
Parainfluenza virus
36. What is the term for a twisting of the bowel around its vascular axis resulting in intestinal obstruction?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Volvulus
Histiocytes
Uracil and orotic acid levels increase with ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency and are normal in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency.
37. At what stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) do children x Lack law of conservation and be egocentric?
S phase
Waldeyer's ring
Preoperational (2-6 years)
DNA polymerases
38. Name the area of the cerebral cortex with the function described: x Language - memory - and emotion (Hint: herpesvirus infects here commonly)
Temporal lobe
Kidney
Myeloperoxidase
Depolarization is from apex to base and from endocardium to epicardium.
39. Match the chromosome and haploid number with the stage of sperm development - spermatid - spermatocyte (primary or secondary) - spermatogonia (type A or B): x 23/1n
Blood clots
Spermatid
a1- Receptors
Graves disease
40. Do the following structures pick up stain from hematoxylin or eosin? - Calcium
Serotonergic crisis may be precipitated when an SSRI is mixed with MAOIs - TCADs - dextromethorphan - and meperidine. Treat it with cyproheptadine.
Thyroid gland
Hemiballismus
Hematoxylin
41. What form of bilirubin can cross the blood - brain barrier?
Amantadine
After the latent period
Unconjugated free bilirubin
Lateral fissure (fissure of Sylvius)
42. What is the most common one? - Pituitary tumor
Lymph nodes
Beta- Hydroxybutyrate
Extrahepatic biliary atresia
Chromophobe adenoma
43. What substrate gets built up in Gaucher's disease?
Submandibular gland produces mainly serous and the sublingual gland produces mainly mucous secretions.
100% - with about 20% remaining positive after 1 year
Glucosyl cerebroside
1. Glucagon 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. ATP
44. What is the most common one? - Germ cell tumor in boys
Lysine and tyrosine
Mitosis
Yolk sac tumor
Ribonucleotide reductase
45. What Beta- blocker is also a membrane stabilizer?
Right coronary artery
Superior vena cava
Propranolol
Proximal to distal progression
46. What is the major hormone produced in the following areas of the adrenal cortex? - Zona glomerulosa
Aedes mosquito
Aldosterone Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase
DHEA (androgens) Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
47. To what host cell receptor does the rabies virus attach?
ACh receptor
Cryptococcus
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)
Inactivated; glucose results in decreased cAMP levels and therefore blocks protein binding between cAMP and CAP.
48. What is the only DNA virus that does not replicate its DNA in the nucleus of the host cell?
Poxvirus replicates its DNA in the cytoplasm.
Basophilic stippling
When it crosses the teres major
Gonococcus
49. Why would a puncture to a vein above the heart have the potential to introduce air into the vascular system?
VLDLs
The lateral vestibular nucleus
Venous pressure above the heart is subatmospheric - so a puncture there has the potential to introduce air into the system.
Hemiballismus
50. What is the first Ab a baby makes?
NH4+(ammonium)
Transferrin
Positive
IgM
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
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