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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What AD syndrome involves 1000 or more edematous polyps - most commonly affects the colorectal area - and is associated with chromosome 5q21?
Familial polyposis coli
Raynaud's phenomenon
A left CN X lesion results in the uvula deviating to the right. (Uvula points away from the affected side.)
G1 phase (gap 1)

2. What is the major Ab of the primary immune response?
It decreases insulin secretion.
Lung recoil - being a force to collapse the lung - increases as the lung enlarges during inspiration.
IgM
Chloramphenicol

3. At What age does a child develop x Preferential smile?

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4. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Third ventricle
Schistosoma haematobium
Simple diffusion; it does not use protein - mediated transport
Proencephalon
Left atrium

5. What breast malignancy has tumor cells with a halo surrounding the nucleus and is an ulceration of the nipple and areola with crusting - fissuring - and oozing?
Parvovirus B-19
Paget disease of the breast
Riboflavin (B2)
1. Cytosine 2. Uracil (only in RNA) 3. Thymidine

6. What is the only NSAID that causes irreversible inhibition of the cyclooxygenase pathway?
Transference. When it is from the physician to the patient it is called countertransference.
ASA
Conversion disorder
Female pseudohermaphrodite

7. Name the stages of sleep with these EEG patterns: x Alpha waves
Glutamine
Being awake
Testicular tumors
From age 5 onward IQ stabilizes.

8. Name the type of graft described by these transplants: x From one species to another
14 days in most women (Remember - the luteal phase is always constant.)
Macula densa
Xenograft
Primary spermatocyte

9. What operant conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Removing a reinforcement (without the patient knowing) gradually over time to stop a condition?
Frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8)
Microsporum
Trimethoprim
Fading

10. What abdominal muscle runs in a posteroinferior direction - splits to contribute to the rectus sheath - contributes to the formation of the conjoint tendon - and in men gives rise to the middle spermatic fascia and the cremasteric muscle of the sperm
Site 1
The one start codon - AUG - in eukaryotes codes for methionine and in prokaryotes formylmethionine.
Bulbus cordis
Internal abdominal oblique

11. What AR disorder is seen by age 1 to 2 with recurrent sinopulmonary infections - uncoordinated muscle movements - and dilation of the blood vessels?
Leptospira
1. Iliocostalis 2. Longissimus 3. Spinalis ('I Love Science' muscles)
Ataxia - telangiectasia
NH4+(ammonium)

12. What is the term for a RBC that has a peripheral rim of Hgb with a dark central Hgb - containing area?
Parkinson's disease (I can't underestimate all of the buzzwords in this question. Remember it.)
Somatization disorder
SHIP: Shifting of the aorta - Hypertrophy of the right ventricle - Interventricular septal defect - Pulmonary stenosis
Target cell

13. What is the term for hyphae with constrictions at each septum that are commonly seen in Candida albicans?
Posterior cruciate ligament
EF-1 and GTP
Left ventricle and tip of right ventricle
Pseudohyphae

14. What testicular tumor of infancy is characterized by elevated - fetoprotein levels and Schiller - Duval bodies?
Yolk sac tumor
Streptococcus pyogenes
Shortens
Raynaud's phenomenon

15. What endogenous pigment found in the substantia nigra and melanocytes is formed by the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine?
Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis occurs in colonic diarrhea because of the net secretion of HCO3- and potassium into the colonic lumen.
Melanin
Area 17
MEN I (or Wermer syndrome)

16. What is the only vein in the body with a high O2 content?
refractory sexual periods
Corticosteroid
Pulmonary shunt (i.e. - pulmonary embolism)
The pulmonary vein - which carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium.

17. What are the four ways to down - regulate the immune system?
Short - chain fatty acids
Hydrophobic (water - insoluble) end faces the aqueous environment and the hydrophilic (water - soluble) end faces the interior of the cell.
2% of population - 2 cm long - 2 feet from ileocecal valve - 2 years old - and 2% of carcinoid tumors
1. Decrease concentrations of Ag levels 2. Administer IgG in high concentrations 3. Inhibit B cells with Ag bound to IgG (complexes) 4. Turn off the original T or B cell with anti - Ab

18. What results when the palatine prominences fail to fuse with the other side?
Small cell carcinoma (oat cell)
Cleft palate
Area 22 and occasionally 39 and 40
Escherichia coli

19. What is the size of a positive PPD test for the following? (Reactive) x IV drug abuser
1. Maltose 2. Maltotetrose 3. a - Limit dextrans (a -1 - 6 binding)
IgM
The p50 value does not change in either anemia or polycythemia; the main change is the carrying capacity of the blood.
>10 mm

20. What are the long microvilli in the inner ear and male reproductive tract called?
Third week
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Stereocilia
Primary intention

21. What potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor is synthesized by platelets?
Direct; in males less than 50 years old indirect hernias are the most common type.
TXA2
Edinger - Westphal nucleus (via CN III)
Ptosis (eyelid drooping) - miosis (pupillary constriction) - and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) occur when the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1- to T4 are obstructed.

22. If a lesion occurs before the onset of puberty and arrests sexual development - What area of the hypothalamus is affected?
Yes - they stimulate the growth of mammary tissue but block milk synthesis. At parturition - the decrease in estrogen lifts the block on milk production.
Proencephalon
Microglia (Microglia and mesoderm both begin with M)
Preoptic area of the hypothalamus; if the lesion occurs after puberty - amenorrhea or impotence will be seen.

23. Match the chromosome and haploid number with the stage of sperm development - spermatid - spermatocyte (primary or secondary) - spermatogonia (type A or B): x 23/1n
Spermatid
RSV
CMV - Toxoplasma gondii - and Listeria
Humor

24. What is the DOC for the treatment of the late phase response in an asthmatic attack?
Corticosteroid
EF- G of the 50S subunit
Cortisol Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
Borrelia burgdorferi

25. What is the term for flattened nose - low - set ears - and recessed chin seen in patients with bilateral renal agenesis?
Middle
Potter facies
gag gene
Puborectalis

26. Does the oncotic pressure of plasma promote filtration or reabsorption?
5' deiodinase
The oncotic pressure of plasma promotes reabsorption and is directly proportional to the filtration fraction.
Sadism
Ascaris lumbricoides

27. What is the major muscle used in the relaxed state of expiration?
No. Prions are infectious proteins - so antibiotics are useless.
Hapten (not immunogenic)
LH
Under resting conditions expiration is considered a passive process; therefore - no muscles are used. In the active state the abdominal muscles can be considered the major muscle of expiration.

28. What enzyme is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria?
Uroporphyrinogen I synthetase
HPV infection
Varicella virus and influenza virus
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

29. Influenza - Vibrio cholera - hepatitis A - rabies - and adenovirus.
Are inactivated vaccines available in the United States
Erythema multiforme
Acarbose
28 L - 40% of body weight

30. What connects the third and the fourth ventricles?
Asbestosis and silicosis
Sheehan syndrome
Hydroxyproline
Cerebral aqueduct

31. The ophthalmic artery is a branch of what vessel?
RNA polymerase I
Tamoxifen
No - it is never acceptable to lie.
Internal carotid artery

32. What phase of the female cycle occurs during days 1 to 15?
Median nerve
Follicular phase
Parafollicular C cells
The resistance increases 16- fold.

33. What is the most common one? - Type of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
Silent
They chronically inhibit ADH secretion; when there is a decrease in the blood volume - the stretch receptors send fewer signals - and ADH is secreted.
Hurler syndrome and Hunter syndrome - respectively

34. What form of bias occurs when the experimenter's expectation inadvertently is expressed to the subjects - producing the desired effects? How can it be eliminated?
The sensory component is through the superior laryngeal nerve - and the motor limb is via the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Intrapleural pressure decreases (becomes more negative).
Acetyl CoA (pyruvate to acetyl CoA)
Pygmalion effect (experimenter expectancy). This can be eliminated with double - blind studies.

35. What type of cerebral bleed is due to a rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis?
As the isotype is switched - the Ab specificity does not change because it does not affect the variable chains.
Superior olivary nucleus
Subarachnoid hematoma
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen disease)

36. Name the cerebral vessel associated with the following vascular pathologies - Subdural hemorrhage
Left ventricle and tip of right ventricle
Bridging veins draining into the sagittal sinus
The inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae)
epithelial lining

37. What is the most common one? - Benign GI tumor
Hormone secretion for T- cell differentiation and T- cell education to recognize self from nonself
Leiomyoma
Motilin
Neisseria meningitidis

38. What is the leading cause of school dropout?
The vagina
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Pregnancy
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

39. What muscle of the middle ear is innervated by CN VII?
2.0 or greater
The stapedius muscle
Series circuit
Kl

40. RBCs anaerobically use glucose in both the __________ states.
Heterochromatin - the light stuff in the nucleus on an electron microscope image.
Bronchogenic carcinoma
well - fed and fasting
The reduviid bug

41. What pyrimidine base is found x Only in RNA?
Uracil
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The main drive shifts from central chemoreceptors (CSF H+) to peripheral chemoreceptors monitoring low PO2 levels.
Common peroneal nerve

42. What Brodmann area is associated with x Premotor cortex?
The portal tract of the liver lobule
Area 6
Nodular sclerosis
Voltage - gated sodium channel

43. Name the most common cause - A cold in the spring and fall
Macule (e.g. - a freckle)
Low average
Rhinovirus
First - order elimination

44. What bronchogenic carcinoma is associated with an elevated level of Ca2+ - involves keratin pearls - occurs in men more than women - is associated with smoking - occurs in the major bronchi - and is seen in the central areas of the lung?
The central vein of the liver lobule
Squamous cell carcinoma
Depolarization is from apex to base and from endocardium to epicardium.
Pyridoxine (B6)

45. What happens to O2 affinity with a decrease in p50?
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium - which has cilia that beat toward the oropharynx.
Mild (50-70)
Alternative hypothesis (What is left after the null has been defined)
O2 affinity increases with a decrease in the p50 - making O2 more difficult to remove from the Hgb molecule.

46. What are the two MCC of acute epididymitis in males? - More than 35 years old
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.
Yellow fever (flavivirus)
Merkel cells (Merkel's tactile cells)
Histidine - because of the imidazole ring found in the R group - is basic.

47. What syndrome has multiple adenomatous colonic polyps and CNS gliomas?
Turcot syndrome
Mesencephalic nucleus
Hodgkin lymphoma
Job syndrome

48. Are the quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver functionally part of the left or right lobe?
Functionally they are part of the left lobe of the liver because they receive their blood supply from the left hepatic artery. Anatomically they are considered part of the right lobe of the liver.
Malingering
Glycogen phosphorylase
Raloxifene

49. What component of the ETC is inhibited by the following? - Atractyloside
Reliability (think of it as 'nice grouping' or 'precise')
ATP/ADP Translocase
Deferoxamine - penicillamine
Human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) or human placental lactogen (hPL)

50. What liver enzyme - for triglyceride synthesis - converts glycerol to glycerol -3- phosphate?
Gastric cancer
Sigmoid colon
Glycerol kinase
Hormone secretion for T- cell differentiation and T- cell education to recognize self from nonself