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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What neuropsychologic test has five basic scales testing for the presence and localization of brain dysfunction?
Bacillus anthracis
Squamous cell carcinoma
The Halsted - Reitan battery. It consists of finger oscillation - speech sound perception - rhythm - tactual - and category testing.
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)

2. Name these cluster A personality disorders: x Socially withdrawn - seen as eccentric but happy to be alone
Mycoplasma
Renal failure
Schizoid
Knee

3. Name the end product or products: x Fatty acid synthesis
Phenylephrine
almitate
Duodenal ulcer
GH- producing adenoma

4. What type of scheduled reinforcement states that after a desired response - the reinforcement is given x Varying in the number of responses?
Metastatic
Fibroadenoma
Long - term memory is impaired in hippocampal lesions; it is spared in medial temporal lobe lesions.
Variable ratio If it is based on time - it is an interval - and if it is based on the number of responses - it is a ratio.

5. Name the primary vesicle the following structures are derived from (proencephalon - mesencephalon - or rhombencephalon) - Thalamus
Brucella
Proencephalon
Primitive ventricle
Serocystadenoma

6. Which hepatitis B serology markers
Thoracic and sacral
Pregnancy
HBcAb IgM
Diazoxide

7. Starry sky appearance of macrophages is pathognomonic of what lymphoma?
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Burkitt lymphoma
extrapyramidal dysfunction
Cardiac muscle

8. What part of the inner ear contains the gravity receptors for changes in the position of the head?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Histrionic
Opsonization
Saccule and utricle

9. What neuroleptic agent causes retinal deposits - hypotension - and torsades de pointes?
1. Short attention span 2. Impulsivity 3. Hyperactivity
Vitamin C
Thioridazine
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

10. What skin condition is a localized proliferation of melanocytes presenting as small - oval - light brown macules?
Squamous cell carcinoma
On the superior body of the posterior wall of the uterus
Chromosome 18
Benign lentigo

11. What enzyme deficiency results in darkening of the urine when exposed to air?
Homogentisate oxidase deficiency is seen in patients with alcaptonuria.
Nicotine (but it sure has a nasty withdrawal!)
In the tuberoinfundibular pathway - dopamine release will decrease prolactin release - Which is why dopamine agonists are used in the treaatment of hyperprolactinemic states.
CN III

12. What paraphilia is defined as x Deriving sexual pleasure from being abused or in pain?
Atropine - 2- PAM (pralidoxime)
No - it is used in chronic treatment of gout to decrease the uric acid pools in the body.
Duodenal atresia
Masochism

13. Is there more circulating T3 or T4 in plasma?
ASA (salicylate)
Lower extremity and lower trunk information travels in the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The upper trunk and extremity information travels in the cuneocerebellar tract. (Cuneocerebellar and fasciculus cuneatus both apply to upper extremities.)
T4; because of the greater affinity for the binding protein - T4 has a significantly (nearly fifty times) longer half - life than T3.
Middle cerebral artery

14. What percent of unwed mothers are teenagers?
Dominant parietal lobe (Gerstmann's syndrome)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) is a LMN lesion at the level of the lesion and UMN lesion below the level of the lesion.
50% - with 50% of them having the child
Axis II

15. What enzyme does HIV use to integrate the proviral dsDNA into the host?
Basal cell carcinoma
Integrase
After the latent period
Red pulp (Remember - Red pulp and RBCs begin with R.)

16. What cell of the male reproductive system produces testosterone?
Thyroid hormones
Medial rectus (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3
Leydig cells produce testosterone. LH stimulates Leydig cells. (Both start with L.)
Superior and middle

17. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction based on the following properties - Reaction - mediated by sensitized T- cells
Malpighian layer (made up of the stratum basale and stratum spinosum)
Chloral hydrate
Streptococcus viridans
Type IV hypersensitivity (cell - mediated)

18. What are the three signs of morphine overdose?
Transketolase and transaldolase. The reactions they catalyze are reversible.
Bronchogenic carcinoma
GnRH constant infusion
1. Pinpoint pupils 2. Decreased respiratory rate 3. Coma

19. Name the hepatitis virus based on the following information - Enveloped DNA hepadnavirus
Motilin
Thyroid hormones are necessary for conversion of carotene to vitamin A.
Polycythemia vera (Remember - polycythemia vera is a risk factor for acute leukemias.)
Hepatitis B

20. What diseases are associated with the HLA- DR3 allele

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21. Name the MCC of death - In neonates
Both Neisseria and Moraxella are gram - negative cocci.
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
C- peptide levels
MGB (think EARS)

22. What type of drug elimination is characterized by the following? - Elimination independent of plasma concentration; constant amount eliminated per unit time; no fixed half - life
Zero - order elimination
Reinforcement
Mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma
IgG

23. What segment of the nephron has the highest concentration of inulin? Lowest concentration of inulin?

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24. What IL down - regulates cell mediated immunity?
External 3' - 5' PDE bonds
IL-10
The inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae)
Pseudogout

25. What toxin ADP- ribosylates via Gs protein to increase cAMP?
Cholera toxin
Anterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.
Zero - order elimination
Thrush

26. What fructose metabolism enzyme is deficient in patients with vomiting - apathy - diarrhea - jaundice - proximal renal tubular acidosis - hypoglycemia - and hyperuricemia?
Type IV collagen
Proencephalon diencephalon derivative
Aldolase B deficiencies are treated by eliminating fructose from the diet.
Vesicle (e.g. - poison ivy)

27. What molecule that is needed to trigger T cell activation is noncovalently linked to TCR?
Third week
Terminal bronchioles. (No gas exchange occurs here.)
CD3 molecule. It transmits signals to the inside of the T cell to trigger activation
Acetyl CoA carboxylase

28. How many pairs of spinal nerves are associated with x Thoracic vertebrae?
Twelve pairs through twelve thoracic vertebrae. Totaling 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Large segment deletions
Yes. It increases the rate of suicide to nearly 50 times that of the general population.
Pyridoxal phosphate is derived from vitamin B6 and is needed to transfer the amino groups of one carbon skeleton to another.

29. What condition is defined by both testicular and ovarian tissues in one individual?
Humor
True hermaphrodism
CML
Seasonal affective disorder (treat with bright light therapy)

30. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - GABA
Glutamate
Ribozymes
Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency
Trypanosoma cruzi

31. Name the most common type or cause - Rectal bleeding
produce bile
Diverticulosis
Yes - it decreases fat and muscle uptake of glucose - thereby increasing blood glucose levels.
Relative risk and/or attributable risk. (Cohort studies deal with incidence.)

32. What cytokine do CD4 T cells secrete to activate B cells when the specific peptide in the groove of the MHC II molecule interacts with the TCR?
Dopamine levels rise with waking; dopamine is associated with wakefulness.
IL-4 is secreted to activate B cells. This begins the second step in the immune response - known as Activation. CD4 T cells secrete INF- alpha to activate macrophages
Spinothalamic tract (anterolateral system)
With arteriolar constriction both the flow and pressure downstream decrease.

33. Which anticonvulsant causes gingival hyperplasia?
Social learning theory
Postinfectious GN
Phenytoin (cyclosporine and nifedipine also result in gingival hyperplasia)
Chromosome 6

34. What portion of the pericardium adheres to the tunica adventitia of the great vessels?
Fibrous pericardium
Peutz - Jeghers syndrome
Constriction of efferent arteriole
Hepatitis A

35. In the window phase of a hepatitis B infection - which Abs do you see?
Bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia
Inactivated
Aedes (the same for yellow fever)
HBcAb and HBeAb. You see the antibodies c and e.

36. What component of the inner ear x Contains endolymph and gravity receptors monitoring linear acceleration and deceleration of the head - noting changes in head position?
Rhabdovirus
catalase - negative
Campylobacter jejuni
Utricle and saccule

37. What is the most common one? - Cancer of the vulva
Ventricular fibrillation (V fib)
Squamous cell carcinoma
1. Increased amino acid uptake by muscles 2. Decreased protein breakdown 3. Increased protein synthesis
Phallus

38. What T cell deficiency syndrome is associated with facial anomalies - hypoparathyroidism - thymic hypoplasia - and recurrent viral and fungal infections?
DiGeorge syndrome - Which is due to a failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch development. Remember - B cell deficiencies are associated with extracellular infection. T cell deficiencies are associated with intracellular infections
High - frequency sound waves
Dihydropteroate synthetase
Bunyavirus

39. What hormone - stimulated by epinephrine - results in an increase in lipolysis?
Glutamate
BPH
Hormone - sensitive lipase - Which breaks down triglyceride into glycerol and free fatty acid
Carbamazepine

40. What three actions should take place when one person threatens the life of another? (Hint: think of the Tarasoff decision.)
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.
1. Notify police. 2. Try to detain the person making the threat. 3. Notify the threatened victim.
<2
G0 phase

41. What small - to medium - sized vasculitis is seen in a 35-year - old man who is a heavy smoker presenting with claudication symptoms in the upper and lower extremities?
Accidents
Buerger disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Somatoform disorder
Virchow triad - associated with the formation of a thrombus.

42. What is the rate - limiting step in the production of steroids?
Lung cancer
The conversion of CHO to pregnenolone via the enzyme desmolase
Variola (smallpox)
Adenocarcinoma (because of Barrett esophagus)

43. Leukopenia - neutropenia - and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?
Selective erectile disorder
Since they are independent events - their probabilities would be multiplied.
naked viruses
Copper

44. What stage of male development is characterized by the following LH and testosterone levels? - Both LH and testosterone levels drop and remain low.
Citrate - via the citrate shuttle
The otic ganglion. (These fibers are carried in CN IX. Remember it like this: the - oti - is in both otic ganglion and parotid gland.)
Childhood
Atropine with pralidoxime

45. Abs to what hepatitis B Ag provide immunity?
Specific rate (e.g. - men aged 55-60)
Macula densa
IF
Abs to HBsAg

46. What is the most common one? - Pituitary tumor
Broca's aphasia
Chromophobe adenoma
Alveolar macrophages
Herpes II

47. What Ig activates the complement cascade most efficiently?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Air flows into the respiratory system.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
IgM

48. What is the term for the ability of a test to measure something consistently?

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49. What enzyme is needed to activate the following reactions? - Procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase
Alternative hypothesis (What is left after the null has been defined)
Coprophilia
Chromosome 15 - 17
Trypsin

50. What area of the brain serves as the major sensory relay center for visual - auditory - gustatory - and tactile information destined for the cerebral cortex - cerebellum - or basal ganglia?
LTC4 and LTD4
The thalamus (I like to think of the thalamus as the executive secretary for the cerebral cortex. All information destined for the cortex has to go through the thalamus.)
Trichophyton
Mentally disabled

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USMLE Step 1 Prep

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