Test your basic knowledge |

USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x CDK4
L4 to S3 (L2 to L4 - thigh; L4 to S3 - leg)
Fibroadenoma
Melanoma
Stable

2. In a skeletal muscle fiber - the interior of the T- tubule is...
Extracellular
The short arm of chromosome 6
EF- Tu and EF- Ts of the 30S ribosomal subunit
Nasopharynx

3. What is the size of a positive PPD test for the following? (Reactive) x Patient with AIDS
Common peroneal nerve
Uracil
Krukenberg tumor
>5 mm

4. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x hst -1 and int -2
Melanoma - cancer of the stomach and bladder
Sensory
Epinephrine
Ultraviolet B (UVB) sunlight

5. Name the most common cause - A cold in the spring and fall
H 2
Rhinovirus
A transport maximum (Tm) system
Niemann - Pick disease

6. Which centrally acting a2- adrenergic agonist is used in the treatment protocol of opioid withdrawal?
The lack of glutathione peroxidase activity results in a decrease in NADPH production - leaving glutathione in the reduced state.
Clozapine
Clonidine
Lactose must be present and glucose must be absent

7. What is the most likely organism causing cellulitis in a patient who was cut by an oyster shell?
Vibrio vulnificus
Ventromedial nucleus; lesions here result in obesity.
Primitive ventricle
Pneumococcus

8. Are white rami preganglionic or postganglionic fibers?
LGB (think EYES)
Chromosome 14 - 18
White rami are preganglionic fibers - whereas grey rami are postganglionic fibers.
Nissl substances; there is a great deal of RER in neuron cell bodies - indicating high protein synthesis.

9. What is the name of the ovarian cyst containing ectodermal - endodermal - and mesodermal elements (i.e. - skin - hair - teeth and neural tissue)?
Beta- Blockers
snRNA
Primary hypogonadism (postmenopausal women)
Teratoma (dermoid cyst)

10. Describe What type of fluid is either gained or lost with the following changes in body hydration for the ECF volume - ICF volume - and body osmolarity - respectively: x ECF - increase; ICF - decrease; body - increase
REM sleep. Remember - awake brain in a sleeping body.
Primary polydipsia; patients with diabetes insipidus will continue to produce large volumes of dilute urine.
Spermatogonia (type A)
Gain of hypertonic fluid (mannitol or hypertonic saline)

11. What cells of the adrenal gland are neural crest derivatives?
Gardnerella vaginalis
The conus medullaris terminates at the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla)
Proencephalon

12. How many days after the LH surge is ovulation?
Enteroendocrine (EE) cells; they also secrete secretin.
Prostatic carcinoma
One day after the LH surge and 2 days after the estrogen peak.
The resting membrane potential of the cell is -90 mV because of the intracellular proteins.

13. The proportion of truly diseased persons in the screened population who are identified as diseased refers to?
Motor nucleus of CN V
GH
The vestibulo - ocular reflex
Sensitivity (it deals with the sick)

14. Call - Exner bodies
It is rare with normal grief; however - it is relatively common in depression
Oxygen
Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary
ydroxyproline

15. What is the karyotype in Turner syndrome?
A right CN V lesion results in weakened muscles of mastication - and the jaw deviates to the right.
45XO
In men it is prostate cancer - and in women it is breast cancer.
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

16. What are the two leading causes of cancer - related death in men?
The renal circulation has the smallest AV O2 (high venous PO2) difference in the body because of the overperfusion of the kidneys resulting from filtration.
Prostate and lung cancer - respectively
Short - chain fatty acids
Fragile X syndrome

17. Do the PO2 peripheral chemoreceptors of the carotid body contribute to the normal drive for ventilation?
Foramen of Winslow
M
HBcAb and HBeAb. You see the antibodies c and e.
Under normal resting conditions no - but they are strongly stimulated when PO2 arterial levels decrease to 50 to 60 mm Hg - resulting in increased ventilatory drive.

18. With an increase in arterial systolic pressure - what happens to x Vessel compliance?
Chemotaxis
Decreases
Mitral insufficiency
There are two bacterial promoter regions upstream. The TATA box is - 10 base pairs upstream - and the -35 promoter site is self - explanatory.

19. When a person goes from supine to standing - what happens to the following? - BP
CMV; remember - EBV is associated with heterophile - positive mononucleosis.
Trichomonas vaginalis (treat with metronidazole)
Decreases Remember - the carotid sinus reflex attempts to compensate by increasing both TPR and heart rate. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glomerular capillary pressure (increased glomerular capillary pressure - increased GFR and vice versa)

20. What are the two exceptions to the rule 'all cocci are gram positive'?
The ECF compartment always enlarges when there is a net gain in total body water and decreases when there is a loss of total body water. Hydration status is named in terms of the ECF compartment.
Chromosome 14 - 18
Both Neisseria and Moraxella are gram - negative cocci.
DNA polymerase - d

21. Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed - Auditory toxicity
Propranolol
Cholera toxin
Negative selection. This helps to prevent autoimmune diseases.
Vancomycin

22. What two enzymes are vitamin B12- dependent
1. Cytotrophoblast 2. Syncytiotrophoblast 3. Extraembryonic mesoderm
DNA polymerase - d
Homocysteine methyl transferase and methylmalonyl CoA transferase
Pneumothorax

23. What malignant neoplasm of the bone has a soap bubble appearance on radiograph?
Repaglinide
Giant cell bone tumor (osteoclastoma)
The oncotic pressure of plasma promotes reabsorption and is directly proportional to the filtration fraction.
Adenocarcinoma (because of Barrett esophagus)

24. Is encapsulated.
C2 deficiency
Superego
Chlortetracycline
Gonococcus

25. What is the most energy- demanding phase of the cardiac cycle?
Rhabdomyoma
Sjogren's syndrome - active hepatitis - systemic lupus erythematosus (with HLA- DR2) and type 1 diabetes (with HLA- DR4)
Rate of absorption
Isovolumetric contraction

26. What oral hypoglycemic agent stimulates pancreatic Beta- cell release of insulin and is given just prior to meals because of its short half - life?
t the end of the PCT 25% of Na+ - Cl - - K+ is left
1. Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death
Histiocytosis X
Repaglinide

27. Which thalamic nucleus receives auditory input from the inferior colliculus?
HPV serotypes 16 - 18 - 31 - and 33
MGB
Body dysmorphic disorder
S1 nuclease

28. What toxicities are caused by the following agents? - Methoxyflurane
Nephrotoxicity
Prevalence increases.
Ligamentum arteriosum
Hydralazine - isoniazid - and procainamide (HIP)

29. What period is described when a larger - than - normal stimulus is needed to produce an action potential?
S phase
Relative refractory period
Left homonymous hemianopsia
Loss of hypotonic fluid (alcohol - diabetes insipidus - dehydration)

30. What is the only diuretic that works on the blood side of the nephron?
Spironolactone (binds to aldosterone receptors)
Chromosome 19
Brief psychotic disorder. (In schizophreniform disorder the symptoms last longer than 6 months.)
Chromosome 12

31. A urethral swab of a patient shows gram - negative diplococci in PMNs; what organism do you diagnose?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Residual volume (RV)
Cilia
2 acetyl CoA per glucose - producing 12 ATPs per acetyl CoA - resulting in a total of 24 ATPs produced from glucose (via acetyl CoA) enter the TCA cycle

32. What oxygen - dependent killing enzyme requires hydrogen peroxide and halide (Cl -) to produce hypochlorous acid?
Primary follicle of the cortex
Uric acid
Myeloperoxidase
ACL

33. What enzyme of the TCA cycle catalyzes the production of the following: x GTP
Succinyl CoA synthetase
Ptosis (eyelid drooping) - miosis (pupillary constriction) - and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) occur when the preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1- to T4 are obstructed.
Coxsackie B
CD3 molecule. It transmits signals to the inside of the T cell to trigger activation

34. Which type of hepatitis can cause hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B
Doxycycline
Intellectualization
Microvillus

35. Based on operant conditioning - What type of reinforcement is described when x Removing a stimulus reinforces a behavior?
Shifts it to the right
Adult T- cell leukemia
Negative reinforcement
Ulnar nerve

36. What enzyme is essential for the conversion of CO2 to HCO3-?
Heart disease
Pterygopalatine ganglion (I remember this as the only ganglion left.)
Riboflavin (B2)
Carbonic anhydrase

37. The inferior mesenteric artery drains into it.
The splenic vein
No. It is abnormal only if it interferes with normal sexual or occupational function.
The Babinski reflex is present in UMN lesions. Muscle atrophy due to disuse - hyperreflexia - spastic paralysis - increased muscle tone - and weakness are commonly seen in UMN lesions.
Yersinia pestis

38. What is the term for normal cellular genes associated with growth and differentiation?
Burkitt lymphoma
Helicobacter pylori - Which is also associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma
Proto - oncogenes
Thymine

39. What viral infection in patients with sickle cell anemia results in aplastic crisis?
Parvovirus B 19
Ch
Secondary hypocortisolism (pituitary)
Herpes virus

40. What condition results in the following CSF results? - Opening pressure 100 mm H2O; 120 WBCs (90% lymphocytes); normal glucose levels; protein 17
Osteoarthritis
Vitamin A
Cryptococcus
Viral meningitis

41. What is the most common one? - Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ
GH- producing adenoma
Lysine and arginine
BPH
Metronidazole

42. Name the thalamic nucleus based on its input and output - Input from globus pallidus and substantia nigra; output to primary motor cortex
More than 75% of the vessel
Permanent
Ventral anterior nucleus
High - frequency sound waves

43. Which type of cerebral herniation is associated with CN III palsy?
Transtentorial (uncal)
Zollinger - Ellison syndrome
Lethal dose for 50% of drug takers (median lethal dose)
Acral - lentiginous melanoma

44. What are the three components of amyloid?
Parietal cells (Remember - they secrete HCl - too.)
1. Fibrillary protein 2. Amyloid protein 3. Glycosaminoglycans
Site 4
REM sleep. Remember - awake brain in a sleeping body.

45. What is the term for granuloma at the lung apex in TB?
Bisphosphonates
Squamous cell carcinoma
Simon focus
Yes

46. Name the thalamic nucleus based on its input and output - Input from inferior colliculus; output to primary auditory cortex
MGB (think EARS)
Constipation and miosis
Hydroxyproline (breakdown product of collagen)
At least 30% blast in the bone marrow

47. What is the term for a large VSD that leads to pulmonary HTN - RVH - and cyanosis due to right - to - left reversal of the shunt?
The greater the cell diameter - the greater the conduction velocity.
Melanoma
Eisenmenger syndrome - which can also occur with any left - to - right shunt
Nitroprusside

48. What component of the inner ear x Contains perilymph and responds to angular acceleration and deceleration of the head?
Semicircular canal
With an increased depth of breathing both the total and alveolar ventilation increase. This concept is always tested on the boards - so remember it.
Live vaccines
The wall tension is greater because the aneurysm has a greater radius than the surrounding vessel.

49. What are the following changes seen in the luminal fluid by the time it leaves the PCT of the nephron? - Concentration of CHO - AA - ketones - peptides
The secretory phase is progesterone - dependent and 14 days long - whereas the length of the proliferative phase varies
No CHO - AA - ketones - or peptides are left in the tubular lumen.
Gubernaculum
1. Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death

50. What projective test asks the patient to tell a story about What is going on in the pictures - evaluating the conflicts - drives - and emotions of the individual?
RSV
Dopamine levels rise with waking; dopamine is associated with wakefulness.
IGF-1
TAT (Thematic apperception test)