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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Where is the most frequent site of ectopic pregnancy?
Hypotonia (rag doll appearance)
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
Carbamazepine
Ischemic heart disease (MIs)

2. What antifungal agent is activated by fungal cytosine deaminase to form 5- FU?
Ferritin
Flucytosine
Celiac sprue (gluten - sensitive enteropathy)
Excess lead

3. What substance is used to test platelets' response in patients with von Willebrand disease?
Liver
Sciatic nerve
Solved as 30% T + 30% A = 60%; therefore - C + G = 40%; then C = 20% and G = 20% (example of Chargaff's rule)
Ristocetin

4. Is marital satisfaction higher for couples with or without children?

5. How do elevated blood glucose levels decrease GH secretion? (Hint: what inhibitory hypothalamic hormone is stimulated by IGF-1?)
Somatotrophins are stimulated by IGF-1 - and they inhibit GH secretion. GHRH stimulates GH secretion.
Chromosome 3p
Acral - lentiginous melanoma
The otic ganglion. (These fibers are carried in CN IX. Remember it like this: the - oti - is in both otic ganglion and parotid gland.)

6. What type of hormone is described as having intracellular receptors - being synthesized as needed - mostly bound to proteins - and having its activity determined by free hormone levels?
LTB4
Cyproheptadine
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Lipid - soluble hormones are considered slow - acting hormones.

7. Calf pseudohypertrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Nissl substances; there is a great deal of RER in neuron cell bodies - indicating high protein synthesis.
Bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia
Ventral lateral nucleus

8. What are the two hepatitis viruses that can be chronic and can lead eventually to hepatocellular carcinoma?
All are lactose fermenters except Yersinia and Proteus.
Unconjugated (indirect)
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Paramesonephric ducts

9. Name the most common type or cause - Acute tubular necrosis
Spironolactone
Lipid - soluble hormones are considered slow - acting hormones.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MGN)
Ischemic

10. What antihistamine is used in the treatment of serotonergic crisis?
Cyproheptadine
Occipital lobe (Anton's syndrome if it is due to bilateral posterior cerebral artery occlusions)
1. Glycine 2. Aspartate 3. Glutamine
Infant Doe. Generally - parents cannot forego lifesaving treatment - but this case states that there are exceptions to the rule.

11. What paraphilia is defined as x A male rubbing his genitals on a fully clothed female to achieve orgasm?
Anti - HAV IgG Abs are associated with immunization or a prior infection. Anti - HAV IgM is associated with acute or recent infection.
Frotteurism
This is the triad of renal cell carcinoma
Xenograft

12. What is the term for new made - up words?

13. What is the most common one? - Tumor of the female genitourinary tract
T4 vertebral level posteriorly and anteriorly at the sternal angle (angle of Louis).
Formation of an identity through issues of independence and rebellion; they define who they are.
Leiomyoma
Obsessive - compulsive

14. What is the most common one? - Type of ASD
'Lady between two Majors': latissimus dorsi - pectoralis major - and teres major
Ostium secundum defects
Risk factors for breast cancer
Coarctation of the aorta

15. What component of the ANS - when stimulated - results in bronchoconstriction?
Middle meningeal artery
G0 phase
Parasympathetic stimulation - via the vagus nerve - results in bronchoconstriction - whereas sympathetic stimulation results in bronchodilation.
Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test

16. What case is known as 'let nature take its course'?
O2
Both
Rhabdomyoma
Infant Doe. Generally - parents cannot forego lifesaving treatment - but this case states that there are exceptions to the rule.

17. Circulating levels of what hormone in men is responsible for the negative feedback loop to the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland regulating the release of LH?
Testosterone
Fever - night sweats - and hemoptysis
Ordinal scale (e.g. - faster/slower - taller/shorter)
PKU

18. Which region of the variable domain comprises the Ag - binding site of the Ab?
Exposure
Toxic dose for 50% of drug takers (median toxic dose)
Hypervariable region (three per light chain; three per heavy chain)
Reverse transcription

19. What encephalitis is associated with the JC virus?
CN I
Sporothrix schenckii
Temporal arteritis
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

20. Name the most common type or cause - Erysipelas
Muscles of the internal eye
Chromosome 12
Streptococcus pyogenes
Lisch nodules

21. Which acid - fast rod is an obligate intracellular parasite?
Phase 4
Squamous cell carcinoma (skin - lung) and angiosarcoma of the liver
Hyperkalemia
Mycobacterium leprae

22. What stage of male development is characterized by the following LH and testosterone levels? - Decreased testosterone production is accompanied by an increase in LH production.
Aged adult
ALA dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase
Interferons
Functionally they are part of the left lobe of the liver because they receive their blood supply from the left hepatic artery. Anatomically they are considered part of the right lobe of the liver.

23. What disease results in a failure of neural crest cells to migrate to the myenteric plexus of the sigmoid colon and rectum?

24. What nerve supplies taste sensation to the anterior two - thirds of the tongue?
Chorda tympani of CN VII
Fixed ratio (rewards set behaviors)
It increases Ca2+ excretion from the kidney and increases bone mineralization.
Postinfectious GN

25. What is the term for ventilation of unperfused alveoli?
Pelvic splanchnics (They all begin with P.)
Ketoconazole
Alveolar dead space
LC4 - LD4 - and LE 4

26. What happens to NE levels in x Major depression?
IgA - IgD - IgE - IgG - and IgM
Decrease (5- HT and dopamine levels do the same)
Agranulocytosis; approximately 2% develop this side effect.
RNA polymerase II

27. Which a - blocking agent is used to treat refractory hypertension and baldness?
Minoxidil (orally and topically - respectively!)
Eosinophil chemotactic factor A
Orbitomedial frontal lobe
Cricothyroid muscle; all other laryngeal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

28. What is the second arrested stage of development in the female reproductive cycle?
IgM
Right - sided
Pyrantel pamoate
Metaphase of meiosis II (in the oocyte of the graafian follicle)

29. What vein is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins?
Bile pigments and bile salts
Levator palpebrae superioris
Axis I
Superior vena cava

30. Why is spermatogenesis decreased with anabolic steroid therapy?
Complex I
Left ventricle and auricle of left atrium
IgA
Exogenous steroids suppress LH release and result in Leydig cell atrophy. Testosterone - produced by Leydig cells - is needed for spermatogenesis.

31. Match the chromosome and haploid number with the stage of sperm development - spermatid - spermatocyte (primary or secondary) - spermatogonia (type A or B): x 23/2n
ACTH
C4 (the upper border of the thyroid cartilage)
Prostatic carcinoma
Secondary spermatocyte

32. What protein carries free fatty acids to the liver?
Albumin
Liver (hepatocytes)
Taenia saginata
Heart rate determines the diastolic interval - and contractility determines the systolic interval.

33. What is the most common one? - Testicular tumor in infants and children
Beta- Hydroxybutyrate
Yolk sac tumor
X- linked recessive
Both

34. What embryonic structure forms the adult female structures? - Glans clitoris - corpus cavernosus - and spongiosum
Phallus
Rhabdomyoma
External abdominal oblique
Glucose -6- phosphatase

35. What form of Plasmodium species affects the liver?
Borrelia burgdorferi
Diazepam is longest acting and midazolam is shortest acting.
Hypnozoite
Glanzmann syndrome

36. What component of the ANS is responsible for dilation of the blood vessels in the erectile tissue of the penis - resulting in an erection?
The patient decides about the health care she does or does not get even if it harms the fetus. This also means she can refuse blood transfusions even if it harms the fetus.
Exogenous steroids suppress LH release and result in Leydig cell atrophy. Testosterone - produced by Leydig cells - is needed for spermatogenesis.
Parasympathetics (parasympathetics point - sympathetics shoot)
CN X (Remember - the vagus nerve supplies the parasympathetic information from the tip of the pharynx to the end of the midgut and all between.)

37. Name the four components of the narcoleptic tetrad.
Bacterial meningitis
Cortisol Remember - from the outer cortex to the inner layer - Salt - Sugar - Sex. The adrenal cortex gets sweeter as you go deeper.
One - and it provides the energy for mechanical contraction.
1. Sleep paralysis 2. Hypnagogic hallucinations (while falling asleep) 3. Sleep attacks with excessive daytime sleepiness 4. Cataplexy (pathognomonic) Narcolepsy is a disorder of REM sleep - with REM occurring within 10 minutes of sleep.

38. What general pattern of sleep is described by slowing of EEG rhythms (high voltage and slower synchronization) - muscle contractions - and lack of eye movement or mental activity?
Increase in erythropoietin and increase in 2 - 3- BPG - also called 2 - 3- diphosphoglycerate (2 - 3- P2Gri) (increase in glycolysis)
NREM sleep. Remember awake body - sleeping brain
Premature ejaculation
Alendronate

39. What are the most common causes of osteomyelitis x In drug addicts?
The basilar artery is formed at the pontomedullary junction.
Pseudomonas
Myeloperoxidase
Pneumocystis carinii

40. Name the compartment of the mediastinum associated with the following thoracic structures: Phrenic nerve
Ileum
Cirrhosis
Fungiform papillae
Superior and middle

41. What mineral is associated with impaired glucose tolerance?
Chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla)
Chromium (Cr)
Early collecting duct
Anorgasmia. (The overall prevalence is 30%.)

42. What part of the heart forms x Apex?
Factitious disorder
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Tinea favosa (favus)
Tip of the left ventricle

43. What area of the brain is linked to emotion and movement?
Microsporum
Osteoblasts (Remember - they modulate the function of osteoclasts.)
G2 phase
Mesolimbic system

44. From What aortic arch are the following structures derived?
Yes - it decreases fat and muscle uptake of glucose - thereby increasing blood glucose levels.
RSV
Maxillary artery
1. CHF 2. Vena caval obstruction or constriction 3. Hepatic cirrhosis 4. Renal artery stenosis

45. What muscle or muscles are innervated by the following nerves? - Thoracodorsal nerve
Increase in urinary excretion of HCO3- - shifting the reaction to the right and increasing H+
Coprophilia
Latissimus dorsi
Ascaris lumbricoides

46. What pneumoconiosis is associated with exposure to the following occupations or materials? - Aerospace industry - nuclear reactors
Berylliosis
Opening of the mitral valve indicates the termination of the isovolumetric relaxation phase and the beginning of the ventricular filling phase.
18 years old (except if emancipated)
150 mcg/day is the minimal daily intake needed. Most people ingest 500 mcg/day.

47. Which phenotype of osteogenesis imperfecta is incompatible with life?
Type II
Direct; in males less than 50 years old indirect hernias are the most common type.
Bladder cancer
Cyanide

48. What paraphilia is defined as x Sexual fantasies or practices with animals?
Vital capacity (VC)
Prostate cancer
Steroid synthesis - drug detoxification - triglyceride resynthesis - and Ca2+handling
Zoophilia

49. Name the type of regeneration (i.e. - labile - stable - or permanent) based on the following examples - Osteoblasts
Negative reinforcement
Stable (Labile cells proliferate throughout life; stable cells have a low level of proliferation; and permanent cells as the name states - do not proliferate.)
Sensory
K1 capsule

50. In reference to membrane potential (Em) and equilibrium potential (Ex) - which way do ions diffuse?
Ions diffuse in the direction to bring the membrane potential toward the equilibrium potential.
Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase
ACh; think about the ANS.
In the peroxisome until it is 10 carbons long; the rest is completed in the mitochondria.