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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the product or products of arachidonic acid: x Vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation produced by platelets
TXA2
Stable (Labile cells proliferate throughout life; stable cells have a low level of proliferation; and permanent cells as the name states - do not proliferate.)
Integrase
ADH is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity and decreased blood volume.

2. Name the most common type or cause - Lobar pneumonia
Urachus
Enterococcus (Streptococcus faecalis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
G0 phase

3. The first sensory neuron is in the dorsal root ganglia. It carries ascending sensory information in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve - eventually synapsing with second sensory neuron. In the brainstem (DCML) and the spinal cord (spinothalamic) the s
Borrelia burgdorferi
The primitive streak grows caudal to rostral.
Solved as 30% T + 30% A = 60%; therefore - C + G = 40%; then C = 20% and G = 20% (example of Chargaff's rule)
Where the cell bodies for the DCML and spinothalamic sensory systems are...

4. How many carbons do androgens have?
Androgens are 19- carbon steroids.
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Social learning theory
Oxytocin

5. Is linolenic acid an omega -3 or omega -6 fatty acid?
HBcAb IgG - HBV- DNA - HBeAg - HBsAg
Omega -3; linoleic is omega -6
Glucagon
CML and All

6. What two AAs have a pKa of 4?
Hydroxyproline (breakdown product of collagen)
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid
Scrotal cancer - due to the high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
EF-2 and GTP

7. What is the main mechanism for exchange of nutrients and gases across a capillary membrane?
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Teratoma
Simple diffusion; it does not use protein - mediated transport
Increased CO2 - H+ - temperature - and 2 - 3- BPG levels all shift the curve to the right - thereby making the O2 easier to remove (decreased affinity) from the Hgb molecule.

8. A mother takes her 2- week - old infant to the ER because the baby regurgitates and vomits after eating and has peristaltic waves visible on the abdomen and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. What is your diagnosis?
Eaton - Lambert syndrome
Pyloric stenosis
Myasthenia gravis
Schistocytes

9. What hormone constricts afferent and efferent arterioles (efferent more so) in an effort to preserve glomerular capillary pressure as the renal blood flow decreases?
Serotonin syndrome. It is also associated with high doses and MAOI and synthetic narcotic combinations (Ecstasy). Treatment consists of decreasing SSRI dosage - removing the causative agent - and giving cyproheptadine.
Superoxide dismutase - glutathione peroxidase - catalase
AT II
Under normal resting conditions no - but they are strongly stimulated when PO2 arterial levels decrease to 50 to 60 mm Hg - resulting in increased ventilatory drive.

10. At what vertebral levels does the aortic arch begin and end?
It both begins and ends at T4 (sternal angle [of Louis]).
1. Sustained release 2. IV drip 3. Phenytoin 4. Alcohol 5. Aspirin toxicity
Aspiration pneumonia
Resistance decreases as resistors are added in parallel.

11. What is the most common one? - Malignancy of the female genital tract
The notochord
Aedes (the same for yellow fever)
Aversive conditioning
Endometrial cancer

12. What three things are needed to produce a double bond in a fatty acid chain in the endoplasmic reticulum?
Prinzmetal variant angina
Because it is the largest vessel and has the highest velocity in systemic circulation
Sertoli cell
NADPH - O2 - and cytochrome b5

13. What two substances stimulate Sertoli cells?
FSH and testosterone
Kinesins. Dynein generates retrograde transportation of information.
Streptococci
As the isotype is switched - the Ab specificity does not change because it does not affect the variable chains.

14. Initiates rhythmic contractions associated with labor.
apo A-1
Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)
Oxytocin
Series circuit

15. What malignant tumor of the trophoblast causes high levels of hCG and may occur after a hydatidiform mole - abortion - or normal pregnancy?
Neutrophils - eosinophils - and basophils
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN or choriocarcinoma)
Pearson correlation
Absolutely not! Answer any question you are asked.

16. Which serotypes of HPV are associated with plantar warts?
Right brachiocephalic artery
Anticipation - associated with fragile X syndrome; Huntington's disease is also associated with a decrease in onset of age.
Immunogenicity; antigenicity refers to Ab/lymphocyte reaction to a specific substance.
HPV serotypes 1 and 4

17. What potent platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor is synthesized by platelets?
Superior Oblique (CN IV) (LR6 SO4)3
TXA2
Chronic alcoholic
Ependymoma

18. Name the most common type or cause - Acute tubular necrosis
Decrease (5- HT and dopamine levels do the same)
Depolarization is from apex to base and from endocardium to epicardium.
Ischemic
Plummer - Vinson syndrome

19. What is the term for a RBC that has a peripheral rim of Hgb with a dark central Hgb - containing area?
de Quervain thyroiditis
Hepatic adenomas
Target cell
Phosphofructokinase -1 and costs 1 ATP

20. What component of the inner ear x Contains perilymph and responds to angular acceleration and deceleration of the head?
PGE2
Patent urachus
Semicircular canal
Oligodendroglioma

21. What is the term for RBC remnants of nuclear chromatin in asplenic patients?
Achondroplasia
Howell - Jolly bodies
Mitral valve prolapse
Hydatidiform mole

22. What component of an ECG is associated with the following? - Ventricular depolarization
Cyproheptadine
Cholesterolosis
Semicircular duct
QRS complex

23. Which cestode in raw or rare beef containing cysticerci results in intestinal tapeworms?
The left gastric - splenic - and common hepatic arteries
Keloid
Taenia saginata
Bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine and colestipol) increase VLDL and triglyceride levels; therefore - they are not used if a patient has hypertriglyceridemia.

24. What antimuscarinic is used as an inhalant for asthma?
HHV 6
Second M PITS for pharyngeal pouch derivatives
Ipratropium
Phenylalanine hydroxylase

25. What is the monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitor?
Graves disease
Seminoma
Selegiline
Chlamydia trachomatis

26. By What age should children be able to draw the following figures? - Square
EF- G of the 50S subunit
tRNA
Mast cells
5 years old

27. What disease involves a lack of both T cell - mediated and humoral immune responses that can be either X- linked or AR?
Antigenic determinant (epitope). (Idiotypes bind to epitopes.)
The increased H+ moves intracellularly and is buffered by K+ leaving the cells - resulting in intracellular depletion and serum excess. (Intracellular hypokalemia is the reason you supplement potassium in diabetic ketoacidosis - even though the serum
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
Decrease in surface area and increase in membrane thickness (Palv O2 > PaO2)

28. What is the term for the summation of mechanical stimuli due to the skeletal muscle contractile unit becoming saturated with calcium?
Tetany
Respiratory distress syndrome; treatment with cortisol and thyroxine can increase production of surfactant.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
When it crosses the teres major

29. What nerve is associated with the following functions? - Supinate the wrist - extend the wrist and digits - extend the shoulder and elbow
Radial nerve
Friedreich ataxia
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Escherichia coli

30. What type of anemia is the result of a deficiency in intrinsic factor?
Pernicious anemia (secondary to a lack of vitamin B12 absorption)
Tetracyclines
Agents that decrease ACh function reduce tremors and rigidity - not bradykinesias.
Limbic system

31. How is the eye affected by use of opioids?
Foramen of Monro
Testosterone
Hepatitis C
With opioid use the pupils become pinpoint (miosis) because of increased cholinergic activity.

32. What enzyme system is the most common form of phase II biotransformation?
Glucuronidation
Lispro insulin
Emphysema
Stapedius muscle

33. What embryonic structure forms the adult male structure? - Corpus cavernosus - corpus spongiosum - and glans and body of the penis
Phallus
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis D
excites the neuron

34. What X- linked recessive disease involves mental retardation - self - mutilation - choreoathetosis - spasticity - a decrease in HGPRT - and an increase in uricemia?
Borrelia recurrentis
Early distal tubule
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency (Folic acid deficiency has only homocystinuria as a sign.)
Lesch - Nyhan syndrome

35. Name the cluster B personality disorder: x Colorful - dramatic - extroverted - seductive - and unable to hold long - term relationships
Histrionic
Tetralogy of Fallot
Dominant temporal lobe
Medial midbrain (Weber's) syndrome

36. What substrate is built up in Niemann - Pick disease?
Third week
Sphingomyelin
Transitional cell carcinoma
GP IIb and IIIa receptors

37. During What embryonic week does the intraembryonic coelom form?
Frotteurism
Cocaine
Third week
Keratinocytes - the most numerous cells in the epidermis - carry melanin and produce keratin.

38. What small coagulase - positive - gram - negative rod with bipolar staining is a facultative intracellular parasite resulting in buboes?
Serocystadenocarcinoma
Neuroblastoma
Large segment deletions
Yersinia pestis

39. Name the 10 retroperitoneal organs.
Reiter syndrome
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
They are all formed by the fifth month of fetal life.
Duodenum (all but the first part) 2. Ascending Colon 3. Ureters 4. Pancreas 5. Supra renal glands (adrenals) 6. Descending colon 7. Aorta 8. Kidneys 9. Rectum 10. IVC D CUpS DAKRI is the mnemonic - everything else is covered with peritoneum

40. What form of coarctation of the aorta is associated with Turner syndrome?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MGN)
Staphylococcus
Cyanide
Preductal (infantile)

41. Do agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease that decrease ACh function have little effect on reducing tremors and rigidity?
The Halsted - Reitan battery. It consists of finger oscillation - speech sound perception - rhythm - tactual - and category testing.
The central vein of the liver lobule
Agents that decrease ACh function reduce tremors and rigidity - not bradykinesias.
Yes. It increases the rate of suicide to nearly 50 times that of the general population.

42. What is the term for having fantasies or dressing in female clothes for sexual arousal by heterosexual men?
Leydig cell tumor
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Transvestite fetishism
Thymidylate synthase

43. What are the only two picornaviruses that do not lead to aseptic meningitis?
2 NADPHs per acetyl CoA
Rhinovirus and hepatitis A virus
Chromosome 19
Dyspareunia. It is a common complaint in women who have been raped or sexually abused.

44. What DNA virus is associated with exanthem subitum (roseola)?
HHV 6
Bridging veins draining into the sagittal sinus
Beta- Galactosidase
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C

45. What fungus is characterized by hypopigmented spots on the thorax - spaghetti - and - meatball KOH staining - and pityriasis or tinea versicolor?
Bacillus anthracis
Malassezia furfur (treat with selenium sulfide)
apo A-1
Decreases

46. What axis I disorder is characterized by pronoun reversal - preference for inanimate objects - obliviousness to the external environment - lack of separation anxiety - and abnormalities in language development?
The cupola of the lung is posterior to the subclavian artery and vein. It is the reason one must be cautious when performing subclavian venipuncture.
Autism. Head - banging - rocking - and self - injurious behaviors are also common in autism.
Moderate (35-49)
Mast cells

47. Aschoff bodies
Anterior compartment (it's the blood supply to the posterior compartment)
Palms - up before palms - down maneuvers
IQ
Rheumatic fever

48. Preeclampsia in the first trimester - hCG levels above 100 - 00 mIU/mL - and an enlarged bleeding uterus are clinical signs of what?
Ordinal scale (e.g. - faster/slower - taller/shorter)
Anticipation - associated with fragile X syndrome; Huntington's disease is also associated with a decrease in onset of age.
Hydatidiform mole
Creatinine

49. Macro - ovalocytes in the peripheral blood smear are formed From what cell in the bone marrow?
Hydatidiform mole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP- SMX)
Megaloblasts
Hepatitis E

50. What classical conditioning therapy or modification is described as x Pairing noxious stimuli to an inappropriate behavior?
Yes. It is also a cause of cancers of the lung - esophagus - ureter - and kidney - just to Name a few.
Aversive conditioning
Renin secretion
Escherichia coli

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USMLE Step 1 Prep

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