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USMLE Step 1 Prep

Subjects : health-sciences, usmle-step-1

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What viruses are associated with cervical carcinoma?
Climbing fibers; - they are monosynaptic input on Purkinje cells. Mossy fibers - also excitatory - are axons of all other sources and synapse on granule cells.
Polysome. Ribosomes read from the 5' to the 3' end of the mRNA.
G0 phase
HPVs 16 and 18

2. What is the only CN nucleus found in the cervical spinal cord?
Accessory nucleus
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Laminin
T wave

3. What are the two precursors of heme?
Low interstitial free Ca2+ concentrations
Glycine and succinyl - CoA
Klinefelter syndrome
IGF-1

4. What embryonic structure forms the following adult structures? - Median umbilical ligament
Mebendazole
Regular insulin
Urachus
Integrase

5. What competitive estrogen receptor antagonist is used in the treatment of breast cancer?
Posterior compartment of the thigh - tibial nerve
Tamoxifen
Mumps
Areas 18 and 19

6. What three drugs are associated with SLE- like syndrome in slow acetylators?
Hydralazine - isoniazid - and procainamide (HIP)
Bell pad
Pertussis toxin
Superior

7. Name the most common type or cause - Nonorganic pneumoconiosis
Erythromycin
Selective erectile disorder
Asbestosis
Western blot

8. What is the only 17- hydroxysteroid with hormonal activity?
Angiosarcoma of the liver
Cortisol - a 21- carbon steroid - has a - OH group at position 17.
Utricle and saccule
Cardiac muscle

9. What childhood pathology involves anterior bowing of the tibia - epiphyseal enlargements - and costochondral widening - with the endochondral bones being affected?
Postductal coarctation of the aorta (adult)
Rickets
Metabolic rate and alveolar ventilation (main factor)
14 days in most women (Remember - the luteal phase is always constant.)

10. Name the Hgb - O2 binding site based on the following information: x Remains attached under most physiologic conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
70S ribosomes in prokaryotes and 80S ribosomes in eukaryotes
Site 1
The conversion of tyrosine to dopamine in the cytoplasm

11. What gene stimulates apoptosis when DNA repair is unable to be done?
p -53
Transverse abdominis
A decrease in Ca2+ and an increase in PO4
Male pseudohermaphrodite (dude looks like a lady!)

12. What enzyme catalyzes the rate - limiting step in fatty acid oxidation?
Carnitine acyltransferase - I
Nitrates
Shigella
Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

13. Which subtype of AML is most commonly associated with Auer rods?
Under normal resting conditions no - but they are strongly stimulated when PO2 arterial levels decrease to 50 to 60 mm Hg - resulting in increased ventilatory drive.
1. Covalent bonding between the hapten and carrier 2. B- cell exposure to hapten twice 3. T- cell exposure to carrier twice
M3 (promyelocytic leukemia)
Avidity. There is a positive correlation between valence numbers and avidity.

14. What AA is a precursor of the following substances? - Creatine
Nearly 25% of patients taking lithium develop polyuria and polydipsia.
Glycine/arginine
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
Sporozoites

15. What linkage of complex CHOs does pancreatic amylase hydrolyze? What three complexes are formed?
All (nearly 15-20 times the normal risk)
CD8
Amylase hydrolyzes alpha -1 - 4- glucoside linkages - forming alpha - limit dextrins - maltotriose - and maltose.
Cyclothymia (nonpsychotic bipolar). Patients are ego syntonic.

16. Name the most common type or cause - Nephrotic syndrome
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MGN)
CN VII and VIII
Dissociation
Fibroadenoma

17. What substrate gets built up in Gaucher's disease?
Glucosyl cerebroside
Alzheimer disease
Dynorphin
Indirect hernia passes in the inguinal canal; a direct hernia passes directly through Hesselbach's triangle.

18. Name the most common type or cause - Noniatrogenic hypothyroidism in the United States
Subarachnoid hematoma
LH
T and B- cells belong to the adaptive branch - whereas PMNs - NK cells - eosinophils - macrophages - and monocytes belong to the innate branch.
Hashimoto thyroiditis

19. What ethnic group has the highest adolescent suicide rate?
Native Americans
Middle
Poxvirus
Normally corticobulbar fiber innervation of the CNs is bilateral (the LMN receives information from both the left and right cerebral cortex) - but with CN VII the LMN of the upper face receives bilateral input but the lower facial LMNs receive only c

20. Name the associated chromosome - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Iatrogenesis
Chromosome 12
HBsAg (incubation period)
Sphingosine

21. What subtype of schizophrenia is characterized by x Stuporous mute echopraxia and automatic obedience - waxy flexibility with rigidity of posture?
Catatonic schizophrenia
Coxsackie A
CO
T3

22. Name the lung measurement based on the following descriptions: x Amount of air in the lungs after maximal inspiration
1. Liver 2. Kidney 3. Pituitary gland (via 5'- deiodinase enzyme)
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Non - Hodgkin lymphoma
G2 phase (gap 2)

23. What is the most common disease or infection reported to the CDC?
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T- cell lymphoma)
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.
Chlamydia; gonorrhea is second (Remember - it is mandatory to report STDs to the CDC.)
Because RPF is markedly decreased - while GFR is only minimally diminished; this results in an increase in FF (remember FF = GFR/RPF).

24. What syndrome is associated with the following brainstem lesions? - Occlusion of the PICA - resulting in ipsilateral limb ataxia - ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss - contralateral pain and body temperature loss - ipsilateral Horner's synd

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25. What happens to flow and pressure in capillaries with arteriolar dilation? Arteriolar constriction?
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
Capillary flow and pressure increase with arteriolar dilation and decrease with arteriolar constriction.
Superior vena cava
Since CO2 is 24 times as soluble as O2 - the rate at which CO2 is brought to the membrane determines its rate of exchange - making it perfusion - limited a gas. For O2 the more time it is in contact with the membrane - the more likely it will diffuse

26. What is the second most common cancer diagnosed in both males and females?
Selegiline
Diverticulosis
Lung and bronchus cancer
Prophase of meiosis I (between 12th and 22nd week in utero)

27. When is the first arrested stage of development in the female reproductive cycle?
Abs to HBsAg
Transcription (C comes before L in the alphabet - and transCription comes before transLation)
Prophase of meiosis I (between 12th and 22nd week in utero)
Clostridium botulinum

28. What fissure of the cerebral cortex runs perpendicular to the lateral fissure and separates the frontal and the parietal lobes?
Central sulcus (sulcus of Rolando)
Meningomyelocele All except occulta cause elevated - fetoprotein levels.
2 and 5HT3 receptors
Mast cells

29. Where is the lesion that produces these symptoms when a patient is asked to look to the left? - Left eye can't look to the left
Palms and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles - which are lacking on the palms and soles of the feet.
Physiologic dead space is the total dead space of the respiratory system.
Left abducens nerve
Krukenberg tumor

30. Name the most common type or cause - Lung abscess
Leydig cell tumor
False - positive rate
Chromosome 17
Aspiration

31. What branch of the immune system is acquired in response to an Ag?
Niacin (B3)
Adaptive branch. The adaptive branch of the immune system has a slow initiation with rapid responses thereafter.
Avoidant
Large segment deletions

32. What is the most common one? - Tumor in individuals exposed to asbestos
Mesangial macrophages
Stanford - Binet Scale - developed in 1905 - is useful in the very bright - the impaired - and children less than 6 years old.
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Hepatitis D

33. Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used IV in conscious sedation protocols?
Tetracycline
Order of attachment is site 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - and for release is 4 - 3 - 2 - 1.
Pro - opiomelanocortin (POMC) is cleaved into ACTH and Beta- lipotropin.
Midazolam

34. What is the name of the tumor when gastric carcinoma spreads to the ovaries?
Krukenberg tumor
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
HBsAg as its envelope
The stapedius muscle

35. Which IL is associated with increases of IgG and IgE?
Normal values
The tsetse fly
Hypertrophic scar
IL-4

36. Name the most common type or cause - Sinusitis and otitis media in children
refractory sexual periods
Streptococcus viridans
Superior cerebellar peduncle; the inferior and the middle consist mainly of incoming (afferent) tracts and fibers.
Pneumococcus

37. What chromosome 4 - AD disorder is a degeneration of GABA neurons in the striatum of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia?

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38. What somatomedin serves as a 24- hour marker of GH secretion?
12 ATPs per acetyl CoA that enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Krebs cycle)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
T4; because of the greater affinity for the binding protein - T4 has a significantly (nearly fifty times) longer half - life than T3.
IGF-1 (somatomedin C)

39. Name the cancer associated with the following oncogenes. (Some may have more than one answer) x N- myc
Neuroblastoma
Stage 2 - which accounts for approximately 45% of total sleep time - with REM occupying 20%.
Mitral valve stenosis
Succinate dehydrogenase

40. What area of the GI tract has the highest activity of brush border enzymes?
Psoriasis - ankylosing spondylitis - inflammatory bowel disease - and Reiter's syndrome
Pancreas and colon
Jejunum (upper)
Obturator nerve

41. At the apex of the lung - What is the baseline intrapleural pressure - and what force does it exert on the alveoli?
IL-8. It not only is chemotactic - it also acts as an adhesive for neutrophils.
CN X (Remember - the vagus nerve supplies the parasympathetic information from the tip of the pharynx to the end of the midgut and all between.)
Baseline apical intrapleural pressure is -10 cm H2O (more negative than the mean) resulting in a force to expand the alveoli.
Negative

42. What is the name of the B cell - rich area in the lymph node?
Primary follicle of the cortex
Glucose
Inspiratory capacity
All are lactose fermenters except Yersinia and Proteus.

43. What parasitic infection is associated with cholangiocarcinoma?
C1 inhibitor (C1- INH)
Plasmodium malariae
Clonorchis sinensis
Endometriosis

44. What are the two chains of the TCR that are mainly found on the skin and mucosal surfaces?
gamma and delta chains
Ribavirin
GLUT 4
1. Masseter 2. Temporalis 3. Medial pterygoid 4. Lateral pterygoid

45. What nematode is known as whipworms? What is the treatment?
GP120
Osteoblasts - which in turn stimulate osteoclasts to break down bone - releasing Ca2+ into the interstitium. (Remember - blasts make - clasts take.)
Trichuris trichiura is treated with albendazole.
Nominal scale (categorical - e.g. - male or female)

46. What are known as jumping genes?
Eisenmenger syndrome - which can also occur with any left - to - right shunt
Transposons
Glioblastoma multiforme
Carbamazepine

47. What connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?
Foramen of Monro
Nystagmus and ataxia
Because the venous system is more compliant than the arterial vessels - small changes in pressure result in large changes in blood volume.
Uric acid

48. Name the cerebral vessel associated with the following vascular pathologies - Epidural hemorrhage
Incidence rate
Saccule and utricle
Middle meningeal artery
Constriction of efferent arteriole

49. Is used to detect Abs in a patient?
B lymphocyte
Carbidopa and benserazide
Direct fluorescent Ab test
Streptokinase

50. What enzyme produces an RNA primer in the 5'-3' direction and is essential to DNA replication because DNA polymerases are unable to synthesize DNA without an RNA primer?
Primase
Membrane depolarization is the stimulus to open these slow channels - and if they are prevented from opening - it will slow down the repolarization phase.
Bipolar disorder (manic - depressive disorder)
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