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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is plasma?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

2. Heterophil
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

3. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

4. Thrombocytopenia
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

5. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Define relative
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

6. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

7. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

8. Microcytic
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

9. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

10. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

11. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

12. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What does the FDP test detect?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

13. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

14. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What is the specific use for BTT?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

15. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
Define polycythemia
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

16. Band neutrophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

17. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

18. Horse
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

19. Compensatory mechanisms
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

20. Agglutination or hemolysis
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

21. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

22. Basophils
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

23. VWB
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

24. Morbillivirus sp
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

25. Thrombin - platelets
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What does hemosiderin look like?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

26. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Avian basophils do not have a...

27. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

28. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
Platelet morphology includes...
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

29. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

30. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is an example of decreased production?

31. Uncontrolled growth arising from blood or blood forming organs
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What organ produces EPO?

32. Primary granules; no
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
Fibrinolysis is...

33. Membrane bound package of chemicals
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
granule
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

34. Blood chemistries
What is dysproteinemia?
Fibrinogen > __________
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

35. no body
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What does the FDP test detect?

36. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

37. Poikilocytosis
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
The RBC morphology includes...
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

38. Marrow failure and tumor staging
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are the indications for BM sampling
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

39. Blood loss and dehydration
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
List the order of Platelet production
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

40. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

41. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

42. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What are the blood types of a cat?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

43. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What is an example of decreased production?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

44. Fibrin
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

45. Lymphocyte - monocyte
MCH
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Name the 2 agranulocytes

46. Protrusion will be very dark in color
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Define absolute
What color is a 20ga needle?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

47. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

48. Liver Failure - DIC
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

49. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

50. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the blood types of a cat?
Define relative
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

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