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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

2. fresh
What is the function of immunglobins?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

3. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are the types of BM sample?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

4. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

5. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

6. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

7. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

8. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

9. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

10. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
List the order of Platelet production
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

11. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

12. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

13. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

14. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

15. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
MCV
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

16. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
Define polycythemia
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

17. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
The WBC morphology includes...
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

18. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
vacuoles
What do you look for to identify a basophil

19. clump together
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

20. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the function of albumin?

21. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What do you look for to identify a basophil

22. Affects the GI tract
Define polycythemia
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What color is a 16ga needle?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

23. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What is TP measured in?

24. don't cause clots
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

25. oval
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is serum?
What color is a 22ga needle?

26. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What does ACT evaluate?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

27. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
What do monocytes do?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

28. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

29. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
All cells can get...
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

30. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Where are immunoglobins made?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

31. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is plasma?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

32. VIII and vWB
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

33. Aggregate
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What is an example of loss of RBC

34. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
granule

35. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

36. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

37. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What color is a 22ga needle?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What does BMBT evaluate

38. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

39. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
Fibrinogen > __________
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What color is a 18ga needle?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

40. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

41. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What does a RTT contain?

42. Target cell
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

43. Echinocytes
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

44. Dog
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

45. To observe for transfusion reactions
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

46. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

47. Spherocyte
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

48. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
All cells can get...

49. High - because they lose the ability to retain water
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

50. Band
What is fibrinolysis?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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