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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

2. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What does plt count evaluate?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is the function of protein?

3. Platelets stick to each other
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What happens during aggregation
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

4. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

5. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

6. 39-55 -30-36
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

7. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is an example of increased destruction?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

8. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

9. Protrusion will be very dark in color
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

10. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the function of albumin?
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

11. Normocytic
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What does BMBT evaluate
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

12. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What do monocytes do?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

13. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Define thromboembolic disorder

14. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
The RBC morphology includes...
Where does protein originate from?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

15. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
chromatin
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

16. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

17. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is an example of increased destruction?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
During gestation is TP high or low?

18. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

19. Kidney
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What organ produces EPO?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

20. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood

21. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

22. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Define polycythemia
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

23. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Define relative
What color is a 16ga needle?

24. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

25. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

26. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

27. Perform 2 or more of the test
Defects of hemostasis can be..
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

28. defective maturation series
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

29. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

30. Blue granules
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 2 main proteins?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

31. Round to oval; ameboid
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the function of protein?

32. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
Define thromboembolic disorder
During secretion What does PF3 do?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

33. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is the method for ACT?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
Define absolute

34. Heterophil
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is the function of albumin?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

35. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

36. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are some examples of immunologic?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

37. Blood glucose
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What color is a 25ga needle?
What color is a 16ga needle?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

38. no body
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
MCHC
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

39. II - VII - IX - X
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
MCHC
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

40. (PCV x 10)/RBC
MCV
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

41. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

42. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the function of protein?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

43. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

44. Metamyelocyte
vacuoles
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

45. Macrocytosis
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

46. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
Define artifact
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

47. Whatever the bird weighs - 1% of that body weight is what you can safely draw (Ex- 3 ml from a 300g bird)
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
Avian basophils do not have a...
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

48. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

49. Reticulocyte count
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What is fibrinolysis?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

50. fresh
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is a WBC tumor?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?