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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the method for ACT?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

2. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

3. Rouleaux or agglutination
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Adhesion requires what factor?

4. Hemorrhage
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What does BMBT evaluate
What is an example of loss of RBC

5. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

6. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

7. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the method for BMBT?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

8. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
The WBC morphology includes...
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

9. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Define artifact
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

10. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
Where are immunoglobins made?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
Define absolute
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

11. IV
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

12. VIII and vWB
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

13. Normocytic
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

14. Thrombocytopenia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

15. Not mixing the sample
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

16. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
List the order of Platelet production
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

17. lymphosarcoma
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

18. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

19. 2 years at room temperature
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

20. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Name the 3 granulocytes
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

21. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

22. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is an example of increased destruction?

23. Breakdown of a clot
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is fibrinolysis?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

24. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

25. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What does BMBT evaluate
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

26. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What are the 3 functions of platelets
MCHC
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

27. Genetic material in the nucleus
Name the 2 agranulocytes
chromatin
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

28. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the method for BMBT?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

29. Contact activation
What does plt count evaluate?
Platelet morphology includes...
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

30. Hypochromic
What organ produces EPO?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

31. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
What is another name for a blister cell?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

32. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is serum?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

33. Thrombin - fibrin
Fibrinogen > __________
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

34. Basophils
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

35. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

36. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

37. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

38. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
What does VWF test evaluate?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

39. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

40. Anisocytosis
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

41. Mean Corpuscular Volume - gives us the size of RBCs
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

42. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

43. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Define thromboembolic disorder
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

44. Keratocyte
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

45. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is a WBC tumor?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

46. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What color is a 18ga needle?

47. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What are the blood types of a cat?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Define thromboembolic disorder

48. Von Willebrand's Disease
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

49. w/o anemia
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

50. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?