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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

2. Vit K
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are the 3 components of blood?

3. Myelodysplasia
What is a WBC tumor?
What do monocytes do?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Fibrinolysis is...

4. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

5. Adequate size and WBC distribution
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

6. Increase
What is a WBC tumor?
At birth is TP high or low
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is this the test of choice for?

7. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What does the FDP test detect?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

8. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

9. The preceding factor
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

10. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
vacuoles
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

11. Horse
Where does protein originate from?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

12. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are the types of BM sample?
What is an example of increased destruction?
Fibrinolysis is...

13. Empty package of negate stain
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
vacuoles
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

14. no body
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

15. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What are dohle bodies?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What does BMBT evaluate

16. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are dohle bodies?

17. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
Defects of hemostasis can be..
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

18. But temporary
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

19. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Defects of hemostasis can be..
MCHC

20. Monolayer on 40x
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

21. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

22. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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23. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is a serum separator tube?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

24. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
Fibrinogen > __________
What is the function of protein?
List the order of Platelet production
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

25. Red
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is this the test of choice for?
What color is a 25ga needle?

26. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

27. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

28. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

29. Lymphosarcoma
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

30. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are some causes of BM failure
Define thromboembolic disorder
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

31. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

32. Anisocytosis
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

33. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

34. Coagulation studies
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What is the specific use for BTT?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

35. Bleed them out
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Define relative
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is the tx for RBC tumor

36. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

37. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

38. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

39. VWB
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

40. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What does ACT evaluate?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

41. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

42. Protrusion will be very dark in color
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
vacuoles
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

43. Polychormatophilics
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is serum?

44. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

45. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

46. Morbillivirus sp
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

47. Eccentrocyte
What are the 2 main proteins?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is another name for a blister cell?

48. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

49. Myelocyte; yes
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

50. don't cause clots
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
Fibrinogen > __________
What is the function of immunglobins?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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