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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. present in the blood
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

2. Cytauxzoon sp.
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.

3. 7-10 days
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What color is a 25ga needle?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

4. Trypanosoma sp
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is the method for ACT?

5. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
List the order of Platelet production
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

6. Horse
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
Avian basophils do not have a...

7. Grey
What organ produces EPO?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What color is a 16ga needle?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

8. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the method for BMBT?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

9. Echinocytes
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

10. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What organ produces EPO?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

11. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What are the blood types of a cat?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

12. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

13. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

14. 39-55 -30-36
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

15. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

16. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

17. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

18. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

19. Anemia
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Adhesion requires what factor?

20. Size - shape - and number
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Where does protein originate from?
Platelet morphology includes...
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

21. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
During gestation is TP high or low?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

22. They increase
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

23. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

24. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Defects of hemostasis can be..

25. Red
What is fibrinolysis?
What color is a 25ga needle?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

26. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Define thromboembolic disorder
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

27. don't cause clots
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

28. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

29. Cow
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What organ produces EPO?

30. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What does ACT evaluate?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

31. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

32. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

33. 2 years at room temperature
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

34. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What do monocytes do?

35. Membrane bound package of chemicals
granule
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

36. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What is an example of increased destruction?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the stimulus for platelets
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

37. Free or Unbound TPO
What is the stimulus for platelets
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

38. Hemolysis and clot
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

39. Hypochromic
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

40. Vit K
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is a serum separator tube?

41. w/o anemia
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

42. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the method for BMBT?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

43. Anisocytosis
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

44. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

45. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the specific use for BTT?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

46. Thrombocytes
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

47. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

48. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

49. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

50. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What is TP measured in?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is another name for a blister cell?