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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
Define artifact
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

2. Blood glucose
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
During gestation is TP high or low?

3. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
Define thromboembolic disorder
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

4. Genetic material in the nucleus
chromatin
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

5. Leukocytozoon spp
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

6. 3-6%
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

7. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Adhesion requires what factor?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

8. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

9. To observe for transfusion reactions
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

10. w/o anemia
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

11. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
Name the 3 granulocytes

12. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is serum?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

13. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What is the method for BMBT?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

14. Metamyelocyte
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

15. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
At birth is TP high or low
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are 3 effects of EPO?

16. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is serum?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

17. Empty package of negate stain
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are the indications for BM sampling
vacuoles
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

18. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

19. Ehrlichia sp.
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

20. Jugular- 20ga
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

21. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

22. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
What does the test thrombin time detect?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

23. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What is a WBC tumor?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

24. Reticulocyte count
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

25. Blood gases
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Define absolute
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

26. Promoters - inhibitors
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the function of protein?
MCH

27. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

28. present in the blood
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

29. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What color is a 16ga needle?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

30. Prognosis and tx protocol
What is the definition of PCV?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

31. Heterophil
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Define polycythemia
What is plasma?

32. defective maturation series
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What does a RTT contain?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

33. Contact activation
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

34. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What organ produces EPO?

35. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

36. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
What is serum?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

37. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

38. Macrocytosis
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

39. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are some examples of immunologic?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

40. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What is a serum separator tube?
Where are immunoglobins made?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

41. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What does a mature avian RBC look like
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

42. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What happens during aggregation

43. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the method for ACT?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

44. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What is the stimulus for platelets
What does ACT evaluate?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

45. Saline wash
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

46. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
MCV
What is the definition of PCV?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

47. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

48. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
What is the function of albumin?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

49. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

50. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
At birth is TP high or low