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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

2. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?

3. Bleed them out
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?

4. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

5. Blue
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What color is a 22ga needle?

6. II - VII - IX - X
Name the 2 agranulocytes
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

7. 1.000
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are some examples of immunologic?

8. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is an example of loss of RBC
What is a WBC tumor?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

9. Ehrlichia sp.
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

10. Von Willebrand's Disease
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

11. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What are 3 effects of EPO?

12. To observe for transfusion reactions
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

13. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

14. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

15. Schistocytes
Define absolute
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

16. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

17. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

18. Primary hemostasis
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What does BMBT evaluate

19. hereditary or acquired
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the tx for RBC tumor

20. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is a serum separator tube?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

21. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
During gestation is TP high or low?

22. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
The RBC morphology includes...
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

23. 37-55% - 30-45%
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

24. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

25. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
All cells can get...
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

26. Contact activation
What does a RTT contain?
What color is a 20ga needle?
What are the types of BM sample?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

27. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What color is a 16ga needle?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is a WBC tumor?

28. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

29. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
Platelet morphology includes...
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

30. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the stimulus for platelets

31. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What does VWF test evaluate?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What are the indications for BM sampling
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

32. But temporary
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
A vascular spasm is immediate...
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is an example of increased destruction?

33. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Where are immunoglobins made?

34. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

35. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

36. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

37. Thrombocytosis
Define polycythemia
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

38. Rouleaux or agglutination
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

39. .98mls to .02mls
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

40. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What does hemosiderin look like?
What do monocytes do?
MCV
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

41. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

42. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
Define relative
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

43. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

44. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

45. Genetic material in the nucleus
chromatin
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

46. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Where are immunoglobins made?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

47. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

48. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

49. Hemolysis and clot
What is dysproteinemia?
What does ACT evaluate?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

50. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

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