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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
Defects of hemostasis can be..
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

2. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
At birth is TP high or low
What does a RTT contain?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

3. fresh
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

4. Acanthocytes
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

5. Affects the GI tract
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

6. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

7. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

8. Metamyelocyte
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

9. Target cell
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

10. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What do you look for to identify a basophil
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

11. Perform 2 or more of the test
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are some causes of BM failure
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

12. Trypanosoma sp
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are the types of BM sample?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

13. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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14. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
The RBC morphology includes...

15. Macrocytosis
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

16. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
All cells can get...
What does BMBT evaluate

17. Saline wash
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

18. Normocytic
granule
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

19. (Hb x 10)/RBC
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
MCH
What are some examples of immunologic?

20. 3 times
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What is the definition of PCV?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

21. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What color is a 20ga needle?

22. Hereditary
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

23. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
vacuoles
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

24. Increase in RBCs
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Define polycythemia
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

25. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
Where are immunoglobins made?

26. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

27. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

28. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
chromatin
What does hemosiderin look like?

29. Primary granules; no
What does ACT evaluate?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

30. Horse
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

31. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are the 2 main proteins?

32. Thrombocytopenia
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

33. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
During gestation is TP high or low?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

34. Thrombin - fibrin
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
Fibrinogen > __________
What is contained in the buffy coat?

35. To observe for transfusion reactions
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What does ACT evaluate?

36. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

37. Stomatocyte
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

38. Reticulocyte count
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

39. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

40. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

41. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
Thrombocytes tend to...
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

42. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
All cells can get...

43. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is serum?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

44. Red
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the specific use for BTT?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

45. Megakaryocyte
The WBC morphology includes...
All cells can get...
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is a WBC tumor?

46. Agglutination or hemolysis
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

47. Thrombocytopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is plasma?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

48. Green
What does a RTT contain?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What is another name for a blister cell?

49. Cytoplasm appears to have a more blue color than usual
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Define polycythemia
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What are the indications for BM sampling

50. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts donor plasma
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
Thrombocytes tend to...
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?