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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

2. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

3. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

4. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
The RBC morphology includes...
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

5. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

6. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

7. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

8. VIII and vWB
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

9. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

10. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
The RBC morphology includes...
What does ACT evaluate?

11. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

12. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

13. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

14. Vacuoles
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
All cells can get...

15. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

16. Platelets stick to each other
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What happens during aggregation

17. II - VII - IX - X
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
vacuoles
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

18. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What are the blood types of a cat?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
Adhesion requires what factor?

19. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

20. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the function of immunglobins?

21. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is another name for a blister cell?

22. Degree of the difference
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What does hemosiderin look like?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

23. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the types of BM sample?

24. Thrombocytopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
List the order of Platelet production
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

25. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

26. Echinocytes
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

27. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

28. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

29. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What does plt count evaluate?

30. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
The WBC morphology includes...
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

31. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

32. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

33. Myelodysplasia
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is a WBC tumor?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

34. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are dohle bodies?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

35. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

36. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

37. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What is the stimulus for platelets

38. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
Platelet morphology includes...
List the order of Platelet production
Where does protein originate from?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

39. The preceding factor
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

40. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
MCH
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

41. Primary hemostasis and plt number
What does plt count evaluate?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

42. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

43. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the method for BMBT?

44. Fibrin
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

45. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

46. Horse
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

47. Agglutination or hemolysis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

48. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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49. Basophilic stippling
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

50. Neovascularization
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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