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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

2. No - but it is not ideal
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is the function of albumin?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

3. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

4. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
What is the definition of PCV?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What does BMBT evaluate
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

5. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Define artifact

6. Prothrombin time
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

7. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

8. Normocytic
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

9. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

10. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

11. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Define polycythemia
What is the function of albumin?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

12. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

13. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is a serum separator tube?

14. 100
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

15. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

16. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

17. present in the blood
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
Define artifact

18. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
Fibrinogen > __________
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

19. Vit K
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

20. Spherocyte
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What does hemosiderin look like?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

21. Thrombocytes
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

22. Increase
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

23. Macrocytic
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Adhesion requires what factor?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

24. Rouleaux or agglutination
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

25. Compensatory mechanisms
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is the stimulus for platelets
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

26. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

27. Anemia
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

28. Hyperchromic
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

29. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
granule
What is TP measured in?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

30. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are dohle bodies?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What color is a 22ga needle?

31. Horse
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

32. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

33. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
A vascular spasm is immediate...
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

34. Echinocytes
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

35. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What is dysproteinemia?

36. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

37. Bleed them out
What is a serum separator tube?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

38. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

39. 7-10 days
Define absolute
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

40. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

41. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What is TP measured in?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

42. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What does hemosiderin look like?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

43. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What are the types of BM sample?

44. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

45. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Fibrinolysis is...
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

46. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

47. Increase in RBCs
Define polycythemia
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
List the order of Platelet production
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

48. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

49. Affects the GI tract
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is TP measured in?

50. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC