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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Increased concentration: dehydration
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

2. PO
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

3. Primary granules; no
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What does plt count evaluate?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What color is a 16ga needle?

4. Hereditary
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is an example of decreased production?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

5. Band
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

6. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What are the 2 main proteins?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What do monocytes do?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

7. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
Name the 3 granulocytes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

8. fresh
What is plasma?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

9. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

10. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

11. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is an example of decreased production?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

12. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is an example of increased destruction?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

13. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

14. RBC morphology - WBC morphology - and platelets
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

15. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

16. Uncontrolled growth arising from blood or blood forming organs
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

17. Cytauxzoon sp.
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
List the order of Platelet production

18. Increase at the same time
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

19. Compensatory mechanisms
What is a WBC tumor?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

20. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

21. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

22. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
During gestation is TP high or low?
Name the 3 granulocytes
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

23. II - VII - IX - X
What is an example of loss of RBC
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

24. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

25. Jugular- 20ga
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

26. Heterophil
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is the function of protein?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

27. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the method for BMBT?

28. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

29. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is an example of increased destruction?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

30. Blood glucose
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the method for ACT?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

31. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

32. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

33. They increase
What is a WBC tumor?
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?

34. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

35. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the function of immunglobins?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Fibrinolysis is...
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

36. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
Define thromboembolic disorder
MCV
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

37. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Name the 2 agranulocytes

38. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

39. lymphosarcoma
What is another name for a blister cell?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

40. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is TP measured in?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

41. Affects the GI tract
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

42. Free or Unbound TPO
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the stimulus for platelets
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

43. VWB
What is the function of protein?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

44. Round to oval; ameboid
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are dohle bodies?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

45. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

46. Neovascularization
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

47. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

48. Blood loss and dehydration
What color is a 22ga needle?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

49. hereditary or acquired
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

50. Basophils
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
MCHC

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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