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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
MCH
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
During gestation is TP high or low?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

2. Heinz body
What is the function of albumin?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

3. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What are some causes of BM failure

4. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
Define absolute
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

5. Ehrlichia sp.
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

6. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

7. Macrocytosis
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

8. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

9. Affects the GI tract
Adhesion requires what factor?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

10. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What do monocytes do?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

11. .98mls to .02mls
What does plt count evaluate?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

12. 450 mls; 56 mls
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

13. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

14. Hypochromic
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

15. fresh
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
MCV
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

16. NRBC
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

17. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the method for BMBT?

18. Contact activation
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

19. Horse
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
vacuoles
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

20. Saline wash
What does ACT evaluate?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

21. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What color is a 20ga needle?
What is fibrinolysis?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

22. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

23. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What are some causes of BM failure
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

24. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is the method for BMBT?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

25. In the fridge - in the freezer
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What are some causes of BM failure
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

26. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

27. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

28. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
The WBC morphology includes...
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

29. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

30. Thrombin - fibrin
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Fibrinogen > __________
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

31. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

32. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

33. Breakdown of a clot
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is fibrinolysis?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

34. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
What does plt count evaluate?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

35. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

36. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

37. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

38. Macrophages
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

39. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the method for ACT?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

40. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are the 3 components of blood?
Where are immunoglobins made?

41. Green
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What color is a 18ga needle?

42. Dog
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

43. 3 times
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

44. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

45. Red
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What color is a 25ga needle?

46. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

47. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

48. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

49. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

50. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are the 2 main proteins?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?