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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

2. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

3. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

4. Lymphocyte - monocyte
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

5. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
MCHC
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

6. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
vacuoles
A vascular spasm is immediate...

7. Poikilocytosis
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is dysproteinemia?

8. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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9. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

10. Cat
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
what WBC do mast cells resemble
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

11. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What is an example of increased destruction?

12. Compensatory mechanisms
Define thromboembolic disorder
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

13. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What are the 3 functions of platelets

14. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
At birth is TP high or low
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

15. Heinz body
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

16. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

17. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

18. Vacuoles
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
All cells can get...

19. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

20. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What is the definition of PCV?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?

21. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What are the blood types of a cat?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What color is a 22ga needle?

22. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the function of albumin?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

23. Jugular- 18ga
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Define polycythemia
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

24. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

25. Reticulocyte count
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

26. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

27. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What is another name for a blister cell?
What does plt count evaluate?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

28. 450 mls; 56 mls
Where does protein originate from?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

29. VWB factor
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is the method for BMBT?
Adhesion requires what factor?

30. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

31. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

32. Hereditary
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

33. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

34. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 3 components of blood?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

35. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

36. Basophils
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

37. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

38. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Define relative
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

39. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

40. They increase
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

41. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

42. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What organ produces EPO?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

43. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

44. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is dysproteinemia?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

45. Slow- 0.11 ml/#/minute for the first 15 minutes
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

46. The preceding factor
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Avian basophils do not have a...
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

47. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

48. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

49. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

50. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

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