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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

2. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is dysproteinemia?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

3. The preceding factor
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

4. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What are dohle bodies?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

5. Coagulation studies
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What is the specific use for BTT?

6. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

7. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

8. Hemolysis and clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
MCV
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

9. Primary granules; no
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

10. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Fibrinogen > __________
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

11. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
All cells can get...
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

12. Aggregate
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the specific use for LTT?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

13. Perform 2 or more of the test
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

14. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
What is an example of increased destruction?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

15. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

16. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

17. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

18. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

19. Prothrombin time
All cells can get...
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

20. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

21. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are the blood types of a cat?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

22. Heterophil
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

23. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
Fibrinolysis is...
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

24. 37-55% - 30-45%
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

25. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

26. (Hb x 10)/RBC
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
MCH

27. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

28. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is the stimulus for platelets
List the order of Platelet production

29. Kidney
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What organ produces EPO?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

30. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

31. Cat
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

32. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
MCH
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

33. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Microsytosis is often seen in...

34. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is the function of albumin?

35. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

36. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What does BMBT evaluate

37. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

38. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
Adhesion requires what factor?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is the specific use for BTT?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

39. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

40. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

41. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
What happens during aggregation
What is the method for BMBT?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

42. Monolayer on 40x
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

43. Dog
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

44. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
Fibrinogen > __________
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

45. IV catheter; IO or IP
Define absolute
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is a WBC tumor?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

46. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is an example of increased destruction?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

47. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

48. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
Name the 3 granulocytes
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

49. Promoters - inhibitors
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

50. Thrombin - fibrin
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
Fibrinogen > __________
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
MCH