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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

2. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

3. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

4. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
Define artifact
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

5. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

6. oval
Fibrinolysis is...
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

7. Agglutination or hemolysis
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

8. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
vacuoles

9. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What does plt count evaluate?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What color is a 18ga needle?

10. Microcytic
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

11. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

12. Size - shape - and number
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Platelet morphology includes...
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

13. Von Willebrand's Disease
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
Thrombocytes tend to...

14. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

15. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
What do you look for to identify a basophil
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

16. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

17. Antigen or foreign protein
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

18. Liver and lymphoid tissue
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
Where are immunoglobins made?

19. Promoters - inhibitors
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

20. Torocytes
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

21. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

22. Genetic material in the nucleus
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
chromatin
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

23. Primary granules; no
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is fibrinolysis?

24. Seg
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
Define absolute
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

25. Heterophil
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

26. Bleed them out
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the tx for RBC tumor
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

27. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

28. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

29. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What does a RTT contain?

30. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

31. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

32. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What does a RTT contain?

33. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are some causes of BM failure
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

34. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What does plt count evaluate?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

35. Basophils
What are the 3 components of blood?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What is an example of decreased production?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

36. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
The WBC morphology includes...
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........

37. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
The WBC morphology includes...
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

38. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

39. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

40. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What is the method for BMBT?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Define relative

41. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What color is a 25ga needle?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

42. Biliary stasis - carotenes - ev hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Fibrinogen > __________

43. Saline wash
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

44. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

45. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is an example of decreased production?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

46. BTT
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

47. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

48. Round to oval; ameboid
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

49. Myelocyte; yes
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

50. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.