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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Thrombopathias and vascular
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What is this the test of choice for?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

2. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
During secretion What does PF3 do?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

3. Hypochromic
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

4. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is TP measured in?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the function of albumin?

5. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

6. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

7. Hemorrhage
What is an example of loss of RBC
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

8. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What does a mature avian RBC look like

9. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

10. SQ
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

11. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

12. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

13. Blood glucose
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

14. Cytauxzoon sp.
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

15. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What is a WBC tumor?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

16. Thrombocytopenia
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

17. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

18. 5.0-7.0 g/dl - 5.0-8.0 g/dl
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

19. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

20. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

21. VIII and vWB
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

22. Adequate size and WBC distribution
Defects of hemostasis can be..
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

23. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What is the method for ACT?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

24. Prothrombin time
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

25. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

26. Von Willebrand's Disease
What is fibrinolysis?
Define absolute
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

27. RBC morphology - WBC morphology - and platelets
What is an example of loss of RBC
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What is the method for ACT?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

28. Myelodysplasia
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is a WBC tumor?

29. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

30. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Define polycythemia
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

31. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

32. Heterophil
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

33. Acanthocytes
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

34. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

35. Heterophil
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is plasma?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

36. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

37. 3-6%
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

38. Compensatory mechanisms
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is the function of immunglobins?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

39. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

40. Target cell
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

41. 2 years at room temperature
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

42. Trypanosoma sp
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

43. Round to oval; ameboid
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

44. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are some examples of immunologic?

45. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

46. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

47. Keratocyte
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

48. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

49. Oxyglobin
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

50. Thrombin - fibrin
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Fibrinogen > __________
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...