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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is a WBC tumor?

2. Affects the GI tract
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Avian basophils do not have a...

3. Size - shape - and number
chromatin
Platelet morphology includes...
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

4. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Where are immunoglobins made?

5. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

6. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
vacuoles
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Microsytosis is often seen in...

7. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

8. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What are the indications for BM sampling
What are 3 effects of EPO?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

9. CBC in birds and reptiles
What are some examples of immunologic?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

10. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
MCHC
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

11. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the blood types of a cat?

12. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

13. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the 3 components of blood?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

14. Hereditary
What is an example of loss of RBC
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

15. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is a serum separator tube?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

16. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What is dysproteinemia?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

17. Cow
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

18. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
Fibrinolysis is...
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

19. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is the definition of PCV?

20. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Where does protein originate from?

21. doesn't last that long
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

22. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

23. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What are dohle bodies?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

24. Liver Failure - DIC
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

25. Platelets stick to each other
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What happens during aggregation
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

26. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

27. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the function of protein?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

28. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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29. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is dysproteinemia?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

30. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What is the tx for RBC tumor
The RBC morphology includes...
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........

31. Hypochromic
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

32. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the method for BMBT?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

33. hereditary or acquired
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

34. Coagulation studies
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the specific use for BTT?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

35. Empty package of negate stain
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
vacuoles
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

36. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

37. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
MCV
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
Define artifact
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

38. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

39. 2 years at room temperature
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

40. Yes
What is an example of decreased production?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

41. Free or Unbound TPO
List the order of Platelet production
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is the stimulus for platelets

42. no body
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

43. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

44. Anemia
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

45. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

46. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

47. Vacuoles
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is an example of loss of RBC
All cells can get...
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

48. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What does plt count evaluate?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

49. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What color is a 18ga needle?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

50. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is the function of protein?