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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Name the 3 granulocytes

2. BTT
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are the types of BM sample?
Where are immunoglobins made?
Adhesion requires what factor?

3. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

4. Lymphocyte - monocyte
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

5. Degree of the difference
What is the method for ACT?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

6. Band neutrophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

7. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What is serum?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

8. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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9. 450 mls; 56 mls
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

10. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What color is a 25ga needle?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

11. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

12. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
granule
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

13. Yes
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
All cells can get...
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

14. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

15. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What is a serum separator tube?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

16. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Platelet morphology includes...
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

17. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What is the definition of PCV?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are the types of BM sample?

18. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

19. Prognosis and tx protocol
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

20. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

21. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

22. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

23. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

24. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
MCHC
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

25. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the method for ACT?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

26. Blood gases
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

27. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

28. hereditary or acquired
Defects of hemostasis can be..
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

29. Rouleaux or agglutination
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What is the function of protein?

30. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What is plasma?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

31. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Define artifact
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

32. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

33. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

34. Metamyelocyte
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

35. Eccentrocyte
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

36. Round to oval; ameboid
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

37. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is TP measured in?

38. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
What are the 3 components of blood?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?

39. VWB
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

40. Hemoproteus spp
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is the function of protein?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

41. Normocytic
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

42. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

43. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
vacuoles
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
During gestation is TP high or low?

44. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the definition of PCV?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

45. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
Define relative

46. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What is the method for BMBT?
What is the definition of PCV?
Fibrinolysis is...
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

47. Basophils
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

48. Coverslips
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

49. Leukocytosis
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

50. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Define artifact
What organ produces EPO?