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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

2. Aggregate
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

3. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?

4. Neovascularization
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What is the method for ACT?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
Where are immunoglobins made?

5. oval
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

6. Leptocyte
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

7. Ehrlichia sp.
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

8. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

9. present in the blood
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

10. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

11. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
The RBC morphology includes...
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

12. Free or Unbound TPO
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is the stimulus for platelets
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

13. blood
Adhesion requires what factor?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What are the indications for BM sampling
What is TP measured in?

14. Eccentrocyte
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is another name for a blister cell?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

15. Room temperature
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

16. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What is plasma?

17. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
List the order of Platelet production
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is TP measured in?

18. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

19. Band
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

20. Round to oval; ameboid
Define artifact
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
List the order of Platelet production
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

21. Coagulation studies
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is the specific use for BTT?

22. Fibrin
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Name the 2 agranulocytes
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

23. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is a serum separator tube?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

24. Compensatory mechanisms
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
The WBC morphology includes...
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

25. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What color is a 25ga needle?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is serum?

26. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is the method for ACT?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What color is a 18ga needle?

27. (Hb x 10)/RBC
MCH
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

28. Fibrin clot
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is an example of loss of RBC
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

29. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

30. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

31. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What is a WBC tumor?
Where does protein originate from?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

32. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

33. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

34. Prognosis and tx protocol
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
At birth is TP high or low

35. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

36. Iatrogenic
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

37. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

38. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

39. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is the function of protein?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

40. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
Define polycythemia

41. Kidney
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What organ produces EPO?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

42. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

43. Affects the GI tract
All cells can get...
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

44. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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45. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

46. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

47. Thrombocytopenia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

48. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Where does protein originate from?
What organ produces EPO?

49. Black ring has a smaller diameter
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

50. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______