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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

2. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What do you look for to identify a basophil

3. Uncontrolled growth arising from blood or blood forming organs
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

4. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

5. 2 years at room temperature
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

6. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

7. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

8. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is an example of decreased production?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

9. They increase
List the order of Platelet production
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

10. True deviation in the amount
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Define absolute
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

11. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

12. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

13. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Microsytosis is often seen in...

14. Ehrlichia sp.
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

15. Liver and lymphoid tissue
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Where are immunoglobins made?

16. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is the biggest error in hematology?

17. doesn't last that long
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

18. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Define absolute
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

19. w/o anemia
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What is this the test of choice for?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

20. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What does BMBT evaluate
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?

21. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

22. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

23. present in the blood
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

24. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What does plt count evaluate?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

25. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

26. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

27. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are the types of BM sample?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

28. Whatever the bird weighs - 1% of that body weight is what you can safely draw (Ex- 3 ml from a 300g bird)
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What does a RTT contain?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

29. Promoters - inhibitors
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

30. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

31. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

32. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

33. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

34. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Thrombocytes tend to...
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

35. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

36. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

37. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

38. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What does a RTT contain?
chromatin

39. 39-55 -30-36
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What does plt count evaluate?

40. Macrophages
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

41. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

42. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What does ACT evaluate?

43. Fibrin
What color is a 20ga needle?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the types of BM sample?

44. Dog
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are some examples of immunologic?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

45. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

46. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

47. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

48. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
Fibrinolysis is...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

49. Thrombocytes
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

50. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What is this the test of choice for?
What is dysproteinemia?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

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