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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
Where does protein originate from?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

2. oval
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

3. Thrombin - fibrin
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...

4. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

5. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What does plt count evaluate?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

6. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

7. Size - shape - and number
Platelet morphology includes...
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

8. Leukocytosis
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

9. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

10. Liver
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

11. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

12. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

13. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

14. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

15. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

16. Prothrombin time
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

17. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are the 3 components of blood?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

18. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What color is a 18ga needle?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

19. Iatrogenic
What is TP measured in?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

20. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

21. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
What is the definition of PCV?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

22. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Fibrinolysis is...
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

23. Oxyglobin
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

24. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

25. Macrocytic
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

26. 450 mls; 56 mls
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

27. Macrophages
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the method for ACT?

28. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

29. Low - it takes 6-12 months to build up
What are the blood types of a cat?
At birth is TP high or low
What is plasma?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

30. Blood chemistries
What is the method for BMBT?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are some examples of immunologic?

31. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the function of albumin?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

32. Reticulocyte count
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

33. 1.000
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

34. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

35. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

36. Biliary stasis - carotenes - ev hemolysis
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What color is a 22ga needle?

37. Empty package of negate stain
vacuoles
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

38. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Fibrinogen > __________
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

39. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What does ACT evaluate?

40. True deviation in the amount
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Define absolute
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

41. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

42. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
What are some causes of BM failure
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

43. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What is an example of decreased production?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

44. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What does a mature avian RBC look like

45. Macrocytosis
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
granule
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
Define artifact

46. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

47. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

48. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

49. Compensatory mechanisms
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

50. Pink granules
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What does plt count evaluate?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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