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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Heterophil
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

2. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

3. Cat
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

4. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What is the method for ACT?

5. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
MCHC
What does a RTT contain?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

6. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What is an example of decreased production?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

7. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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8. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

9. Agglutination or hemolysis
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are the types of BM sample?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

10. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are some causes of BM failure
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What is this the test of choice for?

11. Promoters - inhibitors
What does a RTT contain?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

12. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

13. VWB factor
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

14. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

15. 3 times
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

16. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Define relative
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

17. Prothrombin time
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...

18. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
granule
During gestation is TP high or low?
What does the FDP test detect?

19. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

20. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
The RBC morphology includes...

21. Rouleaux or agglutination
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

22. Jugular- 20ga
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is a WBC tumor?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

23. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

24. clump together
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Thrombocytes tend to...
MCH

25. Saline wash
What does a RTT contain?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

26. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

27. Adequate size and WBC distribution
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

28. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
The WBC morphology includes...
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

29. present in the blood
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

30. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are dohle bodies?

31. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

32. VIII and vWB
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

33. BTT
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

34. Seg
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

35. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

36. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

37. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

38. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the method for BMBT?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

39. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

40. Heinz body
What is the specific use for LTT?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the specific use for BTT?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

41. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

42. Prothrombinase
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

43. Not mixing the sample
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

44. 450 mls; 56 mls
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Name the 3 granulocytes
What are the 2 main proteins?

45. Primary hemostasis
What does BMBT evaluate
Define thromboembolic disorder
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

46. Horse
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

47. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

48. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

49. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

50. Monolayer on 40x
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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