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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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2. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What does a RTT contain?

3. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is serum?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

4. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is an example of decreased production?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

5. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

6. Red
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

7. Heinz body
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

8. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is serum?

9. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

10. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

11. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

12. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

13. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

14. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

15. Genetic material in the nucleus
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
chromatin
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are the 2 main proteins?

16. Cytoplasm appears to have a more blue color than usual
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What are the blood types of a cat?

17. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

18. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What color is a 16ga needle?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

19. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

20. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

21. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

22. No - but it is not ideal
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What do monocytes do?
What does VWF test evaluate?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

23. Prognosis and tx protocol
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

24. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

25. VIII and vWB
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

26. The preceding factor
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

27. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is TP measured in?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

28. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What is a serum separator tube?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

29. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

30. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is TP measured in?

31. Increase at the same time
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

32. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
All cells can get...
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

33. Spherocyte
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

34. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

35. Polychormatophilics
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

36. 1.000
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

37. Iatrogenic
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

38. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
The RBC morphology includes...
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

39. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

40. Torocytes
What is the stimulus for platelets
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

41. Yes
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

42. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

43. Cow; dusty purple grey
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What is an example of loss of RBC

44. That the blood is compatible with recipient
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Fibrinolysis is...

45. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

46. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

47. Agglutination or hemolysis
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

48. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are the blood types of a cat?

49. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

50. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What does a RTT contain?