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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What does a RTT contain?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

2. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

3. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

4. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

5. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

6. Round to oval; ameboid
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

7. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

8. Keratocyte
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

9. Reticulocyte count
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

10. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is the method for BMBT?
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

11. No - but it is not ideal
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

12. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

13. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

14. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What does ACT evaluate?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

15. IV catheter; IO or IP
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

16. Thrombocytopenia
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

17. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What does hemosiderin look like?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

18. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What does BMBT evaluate
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the specific use for LTT?

19. Vascular part - platelet plug
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

20. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Define thromboembolic disorder
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
During gestation is TP high or low?

21. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

22. Schistocytes
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

23. Heinz body
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

24. Membrane bound package of chemicals
granule
What does a RTT contain?
All cells can get...
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

25. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Define thromboembolic disorder
Where are immunoglobins made?

26. Heterophil
The RBC morphology includes...
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

27. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the function of protein?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

28. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

29. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What is an example of loss of RBC

30. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

31. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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32. Echinocytes
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

33. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

34. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is fibrinolysis?

35. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

36. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

37. (PCV x 10)/RBC
MCV
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What does BMBT evaluate

38. Macrocytosis
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What does the FDP test detect?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

39. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

40. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

41. Protrusion will be very dark in color
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

42. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

43. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

44. Megakaryocyte
The WBC morphology includes...
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

45. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
During secretion What does PF3 do?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

46. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

47. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

48. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

49. Myelocyte; yes
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

50. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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