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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

2. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What is the method for BMBT?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

3. Breakdown of a clot
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What is fibrinolysis?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

4. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Where are immunoglobins made?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

5. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

6. fresh
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

7. Spherocyte
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What color is a 16ga needle?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

8. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

9. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is TP measured in?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

10. 39-55 -30-36
chromatin
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

11. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

12. They increase
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What is the method for BMBT?

13. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
What is plasma?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

14. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

15. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

16. Thrombin - fibrin
Fibrinogen > __________
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

17. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

18. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

19. Thrombopathias and vascular
What is this the test of choice for?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

20. BTT
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

21. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What is serum?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

22. Vacuoles
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What color is a 16ga needle?
All cells can get...

23. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

24. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

25. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

26. Prognosis and tx protocol
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

27. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

28. Room temperature
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What color is a 16ga needle?

29. High - because they lose the ability to retain water
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Define absolute
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What is the definition of PCV?

30. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the function of protein?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

31. no body
Thrombocytes tend to...
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

32. Oxyglobin
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What is plasma?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

33. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What organ produces EPO?

34. VWB
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What does a RTT contain?

35. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

36. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

37. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

38. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What are the indications for BM sampling
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

39. Coagulation studies
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is fibrinolysis?
What is the specific use for BTT?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

40. Torocytes
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What does BMBT evaluate
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

41. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is TP measured in?
List the order of Platelet production
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

42. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

43. SQ
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What does plt count evaluate?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

44. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What does a RTT contain?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

45. VWB factor
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
Adhesion requires what factor?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

46. (PCV x 10)/RBC
MCV
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

47. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

48. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

49. Empty package of negate stain
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
vacuoles
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

50. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...