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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

2. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

3. VWB factor
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Adhesion requires what factor?

4. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

5. Fibrin clot
What is dysproteinemia?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

6. VWB
During gestation is TP high or low?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

7. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Define thromboembolic disorder
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

8. Thrombocytes
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

9. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

10. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

11. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What does hemosiderin look like?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

12. Ghost cell
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

13. Antigen or foreign protein
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

14. Macrophages
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
Defects of hemostasis can be..
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

15. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

16. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What organ produces EPO?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

17. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is serum?
What does BMBT evaluate
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

18. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

19. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

20. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

21. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

22. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

23. Aggregate
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

24. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What organ produces EPO?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

25. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

26. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What does the FDP test detect?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

27. High - because they lose the ability to retain water
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are the indications for BM sampling
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

28. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

29. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

30. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

31. Coverslips
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

32. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

33. Heterophil
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

34. Prothrombinase
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

35. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

36. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

37. Heinz body
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

38. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
Define polycythemia
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

39. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What organ produces EPO?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

40. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

41. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

42. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
The WBC morphology includes...
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

43. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

44. Echinocytes
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What color is a 22ga needle?
What are dohle bodies?

45. Coagulation studies
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the specific use for BTT?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is TP measured in?

46. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

47. Contact activation
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Define thromboembolic disorder
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are the blood types of a cat?

48. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What are the types of BM sample?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

49. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What are the 3 components of blood?

50. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is fibrinolysis?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What species never releases immature RBCs early?