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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

2. no body
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

3. Bleed them out
What is the tx for RBC tumor
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What color is a 22ga needle?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

4. Heterophil
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

5. NRBC
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
List the order of Platelet production
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

6. II - VII - IX - X
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

7. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

8. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the biggest error in hematology?

9. Concentration of proteins reflects a balance b/w filtration into tissues then a return of proteing in the lymphatic system
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the function of immunglobins?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

10. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

11. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are some examples of immunologic?

12. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

13. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

14. Blue
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What color is a 22ga needle?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
Define artifact

15. Thrombocytosis
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

16. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

17. Band neutrophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the specific use for BTT?

18. Albumin and immunglobins
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What are the 2 main proteins?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

19. Prognosis and tx protocol
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
MCV
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

20. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

21. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

22. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
Name the 3 granulocytes
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

23. Adequate size and WBC distribution
What is an example of loss of RBC
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What does hemosiderin look like?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

24. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

25. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

26. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

27. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What do monocytes do?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are the indications for BM sampling

28. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

29. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

30. Poikilocytosis
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

31. Red
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What color is a 25ga needle?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

32. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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33. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

34. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
What are the indications for BM sampling
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

35. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

36. Cytauxzoon sp.
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

37. Lymphosarcoma
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

38. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the method for BMBT?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

39. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Define polycythemia

40. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

41. Rouleaux or agglutination
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What is the method for ACT?

42. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

43. blood
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Define artifact
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

44. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

45. Primary hemostasis
What does BMBT evaluate
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

46. Cytoplasm appears to have a more blue color than usual
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

47. lymphosarcoma
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

48. defective maturation series
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

49. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

50. VWB factor
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What does VWF test evaluate?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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