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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

2. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What does a RTT contain?
What are dohle bodies?

3. Hereditary
What does a RTT contain?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

4. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the function of protein?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

5. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

6. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
What is this the test of choice for?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

7. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What color is a 16ga needle?
Define artifact
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

8. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Where does protein originate from?

9. Seg
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
The WBC morphology includes...
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What does ACT evaluate?

10. Morbillivirus sp
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is an example of loss of RBC
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

11. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

12. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
The WBC morphology includes...

13. Schistocytes
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

14. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Define artifact
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

15. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is the stimulus for platelets
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

16. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

17. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

18. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
Microsytosis is often seen in...

19. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

20. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
Define artifact
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

21. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?

22. Spherocyte
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

23. Ghost cell
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

24. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

25. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is a WBC tumor?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

26. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What are the blood types of a cat?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

27. PO
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
Define artifact
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

28. Anaplasma marginale
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

29. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the 2 main proteins?

30. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

31. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

32. Thrombocytopenia
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

33. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is TP measured in?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

34. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

35. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
What are the indications for BM sampling
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is TP measured in?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

36. Thrombocytopenia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

37. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

38. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
Define absolute
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

39. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What does the FDP test detect?

40. Cat
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

41. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

42. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

43. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

44. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What is fibrinolysis?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

45. Empty package of negate stain
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
vacuoles

46. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

47. No - but it is not ideal
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

48. Thrombin - fibrin
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

49. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are dohle bodies?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

50. Echinocytes
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.