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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Leptocyte
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

2. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is an example of increased destruction?

3. no body
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
chromatin

4. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
List the order of Platelet production

5. Neovascularization
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

6. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

7. Marrow failure and tumor staging
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are the indications for BM sampling

8. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

9. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What do monocytes do?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

10. Increase in RBCs
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Define polycythemia
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

11. Heinz body
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

12. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What does a mature avian RBC look like

13. fresh
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

14. Jugular- 20ga
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the definition of PCV?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

15. Thrombocytosis
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

16. Dog
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

17. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What are the indications for BM sampling
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

18. Thrombocytes
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________

19. Membrane bound package of chemicals
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
granule
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is the specific use for LTT?

20. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
MCHC

21. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

22. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
The WBC morphology includes...
What is an example of decreased production?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

23. Blue granules
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

24. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the function of protein?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

25. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
During secretion What does PF3 do?

26. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What is the function of immunglobins?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

27. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is a WBC tumor?

28. defective maturation series
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

29. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

30. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What is the method for ACT?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

31. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

32. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

33. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Name the 3 granulocytes

34. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
At birth is TP high or low

35. Heterophil
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

36. No - but it is not ideal
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

37. blood
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

38. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

39. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What is the function of immunglobins?

40. VWB factor
What happens during aggregation
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is TP measured in?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

41. 60-70 -30-36
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
Define artifact
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

42. Contact activation
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What color is a 20ga needle?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

43. Increase at the same time
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

44. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Define artifact

45. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

46. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

47. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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48. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What does VWF test evaluate?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What do monocytes do?

49. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the method for ACT?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

50. Primary granules; no
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds