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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is a serum separator tube?
At birth is TP high or low

2. CBC in birds and reptiles
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

3. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

4. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

5. Uncontrolled growth arising from blood or blood forming organs
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

6. 3-6%
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

7. Keratocyte
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

8. Green
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

9. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

10. Horse
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

11. fresh
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

12. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is dysproteinemia?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

13. Saline wash
Platelet morphology includes...
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

14. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

15. Platelets stick to each other
What happens during aggregation
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

16. Lymphosarcoma
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
MCH

17. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What does the FDP test detect?

18. Heterophil
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

19. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

20. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What are the 2 main proteins?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

21. Fibrin clot
What are some examples of immunologic?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

22. IV catheter; IO or IP
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

23. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What is dysproteinemia?

24. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is plasma?

25. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

26. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

27. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

28. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

29. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
At birth is TP high or low
granule
What does hemosiderin look like?

30. But temporary
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

31. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

32. Blood loss and dehydration
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

33. Seg
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

34. Liver
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

35. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What is TP measured in?

36. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the function of albumin?
What is plasma?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

37. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

38. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

39. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Name the 3 granulocytes

40. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...

41. (Hb x 10)/RBC
MCH
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What color is a 20ga needle?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

42. Macrocytosis - Microcytosis
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

43. Not mixing the sample
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
At birth is TP high or low
What is the biggest error in hematology?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

44. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is a serum separator tube?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

45. Prognosis and tx protocol
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

46. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
Define artifact

47. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What is plasma?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

48. Horse
Define absolute
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

49. Monolayer on 40x
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

50. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the function of protein?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What does a RTT contain?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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