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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

2. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is dysproteinemia?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

3. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is a serum separator tube?

4. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What is the function of protein?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

5. Microcytic
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

6. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What is an example of loss of RBC
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

7. To observe for transfusion reactions
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

8. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

9. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

10. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
MCV
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

11. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

12. hereditary or acquired
Fibrinogen > __________
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What does ACT evaluate?

13. Schistocytes
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What does hemosiderin look like?

14. .98mls to .02mls
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

15. CBC in birds and reptiles
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

16. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is an example of increased destruction?

17. Lymphocyte - monocyte
Fibrinogen > __________
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What is an example of decreased production?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

18. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

19. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

20. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is a serum separator tube?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

21. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is serum?
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

22. Low - it takes 6-12 months to build up
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
At birth is TP high or low

23. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the function of albumin?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

24. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

25. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

26. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What color is a 20ga needle?

27. Vit K
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

28. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What is plasma?

29. Primary granules; no
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

30. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

31. 2 years at room temperature
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

32. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

33. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

34. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What does plt count evaluate?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

35. 1.000
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

36. 60-70 -30-36
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

37. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

38. IV
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

39. Room temperature
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors

40. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
MCV

41. Cow
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

42. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What is the definition of PCV?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

43. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are some examples of immunologic?
Name the 3 granulocytes
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

44. The preceding factor
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

45. Thrombocytes
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

46. Hyperchromic
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

47. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
The WBC morphology includes...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

48. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

49. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

50. They increase
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?

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