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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Free or Unbound TPO
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is a serum separator tube?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

2. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What do monocytes do?
What is a serum separator tube?

3. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
Name the 3 granulocytes
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

4. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Name the 3 granulocytes

5. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

6. Green
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What color is a 18ga needle?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

7. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Name the 3 granulocytes

8. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

9. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What does ACT evaluate?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

10. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What are dohle bodies?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

11. hereditary or acquired
What is the function of immunglobins?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is an example of increased destruction?

12. Oxyglobin
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

13. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
Define relative
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

14. Iatrogenic
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

15. Antigen or foreign protein
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

16. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

17. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

18. Ehrlichia sp.
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

19. Albumin and immunglobins
What are the 2 main proteins?
Fibrinogen > __________
At birth is TP high or low
What is the function of albumin?

20. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
MCHC
What is TP measured in?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

21. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

22. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

23. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What does plt count evaluate?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

24. Empty package of negate stain
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
vacuoles
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

25. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

26. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

27. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

28. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

29. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

30. Myelodysplasia
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is a WBC tumor?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

31. Anaplasma marginale
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is another name for a blister cell?

32. Bleed them out
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
chromatin
What is the tx for RBC tumor

33. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

34. Macrocytic
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

35. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Platelet morphology includes...
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

36. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

37. Hemolysis and clot
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

38. Acanthocytes
Platelet morphology includes...
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

39. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

40. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What are the blood types of a cat?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

41. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

42. Pink granules
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

43. Increase
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

44. Thrombocytopenia
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

45. Vit K
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

46. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

47. Kidney
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What organ produces EPO?
What does BMBT evaluate

48. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

49. Normocytic
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

50. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC