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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fibrin clot
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

2. Rouleaux or agglutination
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

3. (Hb x 10)/RBC
MCH
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

4. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

5. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Define polycythemia

6. Macrocytosis - Microcytosis
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

7. To observe for transfusion reactions
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is another name for a blister cell?

8. Platelets stick to each other
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What happens during aggregation
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

9. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

10. defective maturation series
Define relative
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Adhesion requires what factor?
MCV

11. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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12. Heterophil
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

13. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

14. Monolayer on 40x
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What does the test thrombin time detect?

15. Thrombocytes
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Name the 3 granulocytes

16. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is a WBC tumor?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

17. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Thrombocytes tend to...

18. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

19. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

20. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

21. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

22. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

23. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Define thromboembolic disorder
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is plasma?
vacuoles

24. Thrombin - fibrin
Fibrinogen > __________
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

25. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

26. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

27. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is fibrinolysis?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

28. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is dysproteinemia?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

29. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What do monocytes do?

30. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What color is a 16ga needle?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

31. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
All cells can get...
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

32. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

33. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Define relative
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is TP measured in?

34. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
Define polycythemia
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

35. Thrombocytopenia
What is dysproteinemia?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

36. Fibrin
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What organ produces EPO?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

37. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What are the blood types of a cat?
What is the function of protein?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

38. Increased concentration: dehydration
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

39. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What are dohle bodies?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

40. Thrombocytosis
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What does a mature avian RBC look like

41. Leukocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

42. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the function of protein?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

43. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

44. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

45. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is the function of albumin?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

46. no body
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Define absolute
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

47. Agglutination or hemolysis
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

48. Round to oval; ameboid
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

49. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Fibrinolysis is...

50. Low - it takes 6-12 months to build up
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
At birth is TP high or low
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?