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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

2. CBC
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

3. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What is the method for BMBT?
Adhesion requires what factor?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
Define relative

4. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What is the specific use for LTT?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

5. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
granule
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

6. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

7. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What does the FDP test detect?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

8. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

9. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

10. VWB factor
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

11. Saline wash
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

12. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
Where does protein originate from?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

13. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the stimulus for platelets

14. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
MCHC

15. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

16. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

17. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

18. Cat
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Where are immunoglobins made?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

19. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

20. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
List the order of Platelet production

21. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

22. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are some examples of immunologic?
Define thromboembolic disorder
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

23. Morbillivirus sp
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

24. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

25. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

26. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

27. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

28. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What happens during aggregation
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is TP measured in?

29. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

30. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

31. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

32. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

33. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What does a RTT contain?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

34. 39-55 -30-36
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is dysproteinemia?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

35. BTT
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What happens during aggregation
granule
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

36. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

37. No - but it is not ideal
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

38. II - VII - IX - X
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

39. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Thrombocytes tend to...

40. Blood gases
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

41. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

42. Promoters - inhibitors
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

43. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are some causes of BM failure
What is the function of protein?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

44. Genetic material in the nucleus
chromatin
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

45. 5-7
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Fibrinogen > __________

46. Basophilic stippling
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

47. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
The RBC morphology includes...
What are the indications for BM sampling
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

48. Jugular- 18ga
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What color is a 25ga needle?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

49. Coverslips
Platelet morphology includes...
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

50. Vacuoles
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
All cells can get...
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
Define artifact

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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