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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

2. Increase
What are the 2 main proteins?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

3. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts donor plasma
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Define polycythemia
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

4. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is plasma?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

5. Lymphosarcoma
Name the 3 granulocytes
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

6. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

7. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

8. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

9. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

10. clump together
Thrombocytes tend to...
The RBC morphology includes...
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

11. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What is a serum separator tube?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

12. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is an example of increased destruction?

13. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

14. Cat
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

15. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What color is a 18ga needle?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Name the 3 granulocytes

16. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
MCH
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

17. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
The RBC morphology includes...

18. Black ring has a smaller diameter
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

19. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

20. WBC identification rule of thumb
What are the 3 components of blood?
What color is a 22ga needle?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

21. Thrombocytopenia
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

22. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

23. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

24. Macrocytosis
What is the specific use for LTT?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

25. Eccentrocyte
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

26. Cat
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Define thromboembolic disorder
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

27. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

28. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

29. Thrombopathias and vascular
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
chromatin
What is this the test of choice for?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

30. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

31. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

32. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are the 2 main proteins?

33. Jugular- 18ga
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Where does protein originate from?

34. Rouleaux or agglutination
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the 3 components of blood?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

35. Membrane bound package of chemicals
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
granule
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

36. Poikilocytosis
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What does VWF test evaluate?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

37. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are the blood types of a cat?

38. Increase in RBCs
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Define polycythemia
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

39. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

40. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

41. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

42. Reticulocyte count
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
A vascular spasm is immediate...

43. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

44. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What is an example of decreased production?

45. Morbillivirus sp
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

46. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
MCH

47. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

48. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

49. Microcytic
What color is a 25ga needle?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

50. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens