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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

2. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What are dohle bodies?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is TP measured in?

3. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

4. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What is the function of protein?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is this the test of choice for?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

5. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

6. Polychormatophilics
What is the biggest error in hematology?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

7. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What color is a 20ga needle?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

8. Kidney
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What organ produces EPO?
What is the function of immunglobins?

9. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

10. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

11. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Name the 3 granulocytes

12. True deviation in the amount
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Define absolute
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

13. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
MCH
What does a RTT contain?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

14. VWB
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the method for BMBT?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

15. Blue granules
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

16. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

17. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What are dohle bodies?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

18. Hemoproteus spp
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
At birth is TP high or low

19. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

20. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What does ACT evaluate?

21. Band
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

22. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is plasma?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

23. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

24. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Name the 3 granulocytes

25. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

26. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is serum?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

27. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

28. Acanthocytes
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

29. Increased concentration: dehydration
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

30. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the method for ACT?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

31. Albumin and immunglobins
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
MCH
What is an example of decreased production?

32. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

33. IV
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
Fibrinolysis is...

34. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
chromatin
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

35. Pink granules
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

36. Megakaryocyte
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What color is a 20ga needle?

37. oval
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

38. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What is an example of decreased production?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

39. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

40. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

41. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

42. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is the method for BMBT?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

43. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is this the test of choice for?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

44. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are the indications for BM sampling
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

45. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________

46. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
chromatin

47. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is this the test of choice for?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

48. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

49. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What is TP measured in?

50. Von Willebrand's Disease
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?