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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the function of protein?

2. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

3. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is the method for BMBT?

4. Increase
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Name the 3 granulocytes
vacuoles
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

5. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

6. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

7. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

8. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

9. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

10. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What does hemosiderin look like?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

11. Bleed them out
What is the tx for RBC tumor
A vascular spasm is immediate...
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

12. Prothrombin time
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

13. Hereditary
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

14. Leukocytozoon spp
Fibrinolysis is...
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

15. Round to oval; ameboid
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are 3 effects of EPO?

16. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

17. CBC in birds and reptiles
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

18. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What are 3 effects of EPO?

19. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

20. Stomatocyte
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

21. Platelets stick to each other
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What happens during aggregation
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

22. Agglutination or hemolysis
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

23. Metamyelocyte
What does a RTT contain?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are some examples of immunologic?

24. Breakdown of a clot
chromatin
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
MCV
What is fibrinolysis?

25. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

26. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

27. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

28. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
List the order of Platelet production
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

29. Vit K
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What are the blood types of a cat?

30. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is an example of decreased production?

31. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
At birth is TP high or low
What are the blood types of a cat?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

32. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

33. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

34. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
What is an example of increased destruction?
What color is a 16ga needle?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

35. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

36. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
The WBC morphology includes...
What are dohle bodies?

37. Neovascularization
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is dysproteinemia?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

38. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are the types of BM sample?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What color is a 20ga needle?

39. Contact activation
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

40. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

41. Compensatory mechanisms
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

42. Liver
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What color is a 25ga needle?

43. Anemia
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

44. Degree of the difference
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

45. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
MCHC

46. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

47. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

48. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

49. BTT
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

50. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??