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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

2. Albumin and immunglobins
What are the 2 main proteins?
Thrombocytes tend to...
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is a serum separator tube?

3. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What color is a 22ga needle?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

4. Echinocytes
Define relative
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is TP measured in?

5. 2 gtts donor plasma and 2 gtts recipient RBC suspension
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

6. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is fibrinolysis?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

7. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

8. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

9. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Define absolute

10. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

11. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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12. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What does BMBT evaluate

13. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
vacuoles
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

14. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

15. Antigen or foreign protein
All cells can get...
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

16. Prothrombin time
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

17. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

18. Macrocytic
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

19. Vacuoles
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
All cells can get...

20. Pink granules
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Where does protein originate from?

21. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

22. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What color is a 16ga needle?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

23. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are the types of BM sample?
What is the stimulus for platelets

24. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What organ produces EPO?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

25. Platelets stick to each other
What happens during aggregation
What color is a 25ga needle?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is the biggest error in hematology?

26. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What color is a 25ga needle?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

27. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

28. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

29. Monolayer on 40x
Define relative
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

30. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
What is the specific use for LTT?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

31. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What color is a 25ga needle?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

32. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

33. Ghost cell
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

34. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
Platelet morphology includes...
MCH
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

35. Round to oval; ameboid
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
List the order of Platelet production

36. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

37. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What do monocytes do?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

38. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
MCHC
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

39. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
Define relative

40. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

41. Eccentrocyte
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

42. Mean Corpuscular Volume - gives us the size of RBCs
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
List the order of Platelet production
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

43. To observe for transfusion reactions
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

44. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Name the 3 granulocytes
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

45. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
The RBC morphology includes...

46. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
A vascular spasm is immediate...

47. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are the types of BM sample?

48. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is serum?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

49. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

50. Liver
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?