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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is a serum separator tube?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

2. Breakdown of a clot
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is fibrinolysis?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

3. Liver Failure - DIC
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

4. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What are some causes of BM failure

5. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
Define artifact
What are the blood types of a cat?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

6. Trypanosoma sp
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

7. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

8. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

9. Whatever the bird weighs - 1% of that body weight is what you can safely draw (Ex- 3 ml from a 300g bird)
What is the function of albumin?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird

10. True deviation in the amount
What is a serum separator tube?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Define absolute

11. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

12. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
Fibrinolysis is...
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

13. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

14. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
A vascular spasm is immediate...

15. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
All cells can get...
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

16. Schistocytes
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

17. Cat
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

18. Thrombocytes
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

19. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What does a RTT contain?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

20. Band neutrophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

21. Thrombopathias and vascular
What is this the test of choice for?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

22. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
What are some causes of BM failure
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is serum?
What is fibrinolysis?

23. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What happens during aggregation
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

24. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

25. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
chromatin
What do monocytes do?
List the order of Platelet production

26. Hereditary
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

27. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

28. Not mixing the sample
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

29. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

30. 450 mls; 56 mls
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
MCV
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

31. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

32. Monolayer on 40x
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

33. Prothrombinase
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

34. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

35. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

36. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
chromatin
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

37. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

38. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

39. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

40. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

41. Thrombin - fibrin
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Fibrinogen > __________

42. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are the indications for BM sampling
granule
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

43. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

44. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What does hemosiderin look like?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is the function of albumin?

45. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is a serum separator tube?

46. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

47. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

48. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

49. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
All cells can get...
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

50. Polychormatophilics
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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