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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. hereditary or acquired
What is the method for ACT?
At birth is TP high or low
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Define relative

2. Thrombocytopenia
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

3. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is serum?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

4. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

5. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...

6. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Defects of hemostasis can be..

7. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

8. Maintains osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is the function of albumin?

9. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What is serum?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

10. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

11. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
granule
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

12. Concentration of proteins reflects a balance b/w filtration into tissues then a return of proteing in the lymphatic system
What is the function of immunglobins?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

13. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
what WBC do mast cells resemble
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What does hemosiderin look like?

14. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
MCHC
During gestation is TP high or low?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

15. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

16. Iatrogenic
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

17. Band neutrophil
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
At birth is TP high or low
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

18. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Fibrinolysis is...

19. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

20. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

21. Blood gases
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

22. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

23. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
Thrombocytes tend to...
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

24. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is fibrinolysis?

25. Green
What does a RTT contain?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

26. Heterophil
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

27. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

28. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

29. Blood chemistries
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

30. .98mls to .02mls
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

31. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
What is a WBC tumor?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is the function of albumin?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

32. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
MCHC
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

33. Platelets stick to each other
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are the types of BM sample?
What happens during aggregation

34. Liver and lymphoid tissue
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Where are immunoglobins made?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

35. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
MCHC
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

36. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
At birth is TP high or low
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

37. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

38. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is serum?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

39. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What does hemosiderin look like?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

40. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

41. Microcytic
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

42. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

43. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

44. Free or Unbound TPO
What is the stimulus for platelets
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

45. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

46. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

47. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

48. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Define thromboembolic disorder
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

49. Genetic material in the nucleus
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
chromatin
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

50. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Thrombocytes tend to...
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?