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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the method for ACT?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

2. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the stimulus for platelets
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

3. Leukocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Define artifact

4. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

5. Size - shape - and number
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
Platelet morphology includes...
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

6. Dog
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

7. Ghost cell
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

8. Increase at the same time
What are some causes of BM failure
What is the specific use for LTT?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What are the indications for BM sampling

9. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

10. Coagulation studies
What is the specific use for BTT?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

11. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the types of BM sample?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

12. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

13. PO
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

14. Trypanosoma sp
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the method for BMBT?

15. Thrombin - platelets
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

16. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

17. BTT
What is a WBC tumor?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

18. Aggregate
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

19. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

20. doesn't last that long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What does a RTT contain?
What is dysproteinemia?

21. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
What are the 2 main proteins?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

22. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

23. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
All cells can get...

24. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

25. Increased concentration: dehydration
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

26. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

27. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are some causes of BM failure
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

28. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
The WBC morphology includes...

29. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

30. Yes
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

31. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

32. Contact activation
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

33. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

34. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

35. Thrombopathias and vascular
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is this the test of choice for?
What is TP measured in?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

36. Cytauxzoon sp.
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

37. Eccentrocyte
What is another name for a blister cell?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

38. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is a serum separator tube?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

39. Vacuoles
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
All cells can get...
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

40. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

41. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
MCHC
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

42. Cow; dusty purple grey
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

43. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

44. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
The RBC morphology includes...
During gestation is TP high or low?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

45. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What does plt count evaluate?

46. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

47. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What do monocytes do?

48. VWB
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

49. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Microsytosis is often seen in...

50. defective maturation series
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What color is a 20ga needle?
Name the 2 agranulocytes