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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. IV
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

2. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

3. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

4. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

5. Aggregate
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

6. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

7. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

8. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the function of protein?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

9. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
The WBC morphology includes...
chromatin

10. Normocytic
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

11. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
MCHC

12. Primary hemostasis
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What does BMBT evaluate
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Define artifact

13. Ehrlichia sp.
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is the specific use for BTT?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What is a serum separator tube?

14. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

15. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are the 3 components of blood?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

16. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

17. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are the 3 components of blood?

18. Leukocytozoon spp
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

19. 7-10 days
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

20. Myelocyte; yes
What is serum?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

21. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
MCH
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

22. Macrocytic
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

23. Thrombopathias and vascular
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is this the test of choice for?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?

24. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What are the blood types of a cat?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

25. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
List the order of Platelet production

26. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

27. Kidney
What organ produces EPO?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

28. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
The RBC morphology includes...
What does the FDP test detect?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

29. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What does ACT evaluate?

30. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are the 3 components of blood?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

31. lymphosarcoma
What is the specific use for BTT?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

32. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What color is a 18ga needle?

33. Genetic material in the nucleus
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is this the test of choice for?
chromatin
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

34. Concentration of proteins reflects a balance b/w filtration into tissues then a return of proteing in the lymphatic system
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the function of immunglobins?

35. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Define artifact
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

36. hereditary or acquired
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are some examples of immunologic?

37. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Avian basophils do not have a...

38. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

39. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is serum?

40. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What does the FDP test detect?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

41. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

42. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

43. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

44. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
The RBC morphology includes...

45. Keratocyte
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

46. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What does ACT evaluate?

47. Prothrombin time
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
MCH
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

48. Blood chemistries
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
The WBC morphology includes...
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

49. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
vacuoles
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

50. Room temperature
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

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