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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

2. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

3. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

4. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

5. Coverslips
What is the method for ACT?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

6. VWB
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

7. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What do you look for to identify a basophil
The RBC morphology includes...
What do monocytes do?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

8. Stomatocyte
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

9. Fibrin
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

10. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Platelet morphology includes...
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
The RBC morphology includes...

11. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is plasma?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

12. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

13. Hemolysis and clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

14. Primary hemostasis and plt number
What is fibrinolysis?
What does plt count evaluate?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

15. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

16. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the definition of PCV?

17. Hypochromic
What is an example of decreased production?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What does a RTT contain?

18. Monolayer on 40x
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What color is a 25ga needle?

19. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What is an example of increased destruction?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

20. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
What is plasma?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?

21. True deviation in the amount
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
Define absolute
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

22. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

23. Leukocytosis
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

24. Target cell
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

25. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is plasma?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

26. Kidney
What organ produces EPO?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

27. Pink granules
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

28. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

29. hereditary or acquired
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
Defects of hemostasis can be..

30. 100
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
Fibrinolysis is...

31. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

32. 450 mls; 56 mls
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the function of immunglobins?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

33. Mean Corpuscular Volume - gives us the size of RBCs
What do monocytes do?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

34. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

35. Grey
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?

36. Blood loss and dehydration
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Thrombocytes tend to...

37. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the definition of PCV?

38. Pink
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What color is a 20ga needle?

39. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

40. Hyperchromic
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

41. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the 2 main proteins?

42. Megakaryocyte
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Adhesion requires what factor?

43. Oxyglobin
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What does hemosiderin look like?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

44. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

45. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What does VWF test evaluate?

46. Promoters - inhibitors
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

47. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

48. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does ACT evaluate?

49. 2 years at room temperature
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

50. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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