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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 37-55% - 30-45%
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What organ produces EPO?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

2. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

3. The preceding factor
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

4. Grey
What color is a 16ga needle?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

5. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

6. Megakaryocyte
Define polycythemia
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

7. No - but it is not ideal
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

8. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What color is a 18ga needle?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

9. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

10. In the fridge - in the freezer
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

11. Dog
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

12. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

13. Cat
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

14. 7-10 days
What is an example of decreased production?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Platelet morphology includes...

15. Cat
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

16. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What does hemosiderin look like?

17. Contact activation
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

18. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What is serum?

19. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is the biggest error in hematology?

20. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
At birth is TP high or low
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

21. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
During gestation is TP high or low?

22. lymphosarcoma
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What does plt count evaluate?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

23. Blue
What color is a 22ga needle?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

24. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

25. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

26. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

27. defective maturation series
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

28. Saline wash
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

29. Heterophil
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

30. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

31. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is serum?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

32. Heterophil
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

33. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

34. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

35. Genetic material in the nucleus
chromatin
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

36. Vascular part - platelet plug
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

37. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

38. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the method for ACT?

39. Affects the GI tract
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
The WBC morphology includes...
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

40. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

41. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

42. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What color is a 20ga needle?

43. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

44. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

45. Green
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What does VWF test evaluate?

46. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Fibrinogen > __________

47. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What is TP measured in?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

48. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

49. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

50. That the blood is compatible with recipient
What does VWF test evaluate?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?