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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. II - VII - IX - X
What is the function of protein?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

2. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

3. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

4. fresh
What is an example of decreased production?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

5. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

6. Iatrogenic
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

7. Prognosis and tx protocol
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

8. Heinz body
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
During gestation is TP high or low?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

9. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What does hemosiderin look like?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

10. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the 2 main proteins?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

11. hereditary or acquired
What is a serum separator tube?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

12. Hypochromic
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

13. Morbillivirus sp
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

14. Lymphocyte - monocyte
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Name the 2 agranulocytes
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

15. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
What is the tx for RBC tumor
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

16. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

17. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
MCH
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

18. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

19. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

20. No - but it is not ideal
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

21. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What is the definition of PCV?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

22. Leptocyte
Thrombocytes tend to...
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

23. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

24. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

25. Macrophages
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

26. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
Define relative
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What is an example of increased destruction?

27. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What are dohle bodies?

28. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

29. Increase
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

30. Adequate size and WBC distribution
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is the specific use for BTT?

31. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

32. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

33. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

34. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

35. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

36. Liver
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

37. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What is the function of protein?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

38. blood
What does BMBT evaluate
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

39. 2 years at room temperature
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

40. Band
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

41. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

42. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

43. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What organ produces EPO?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

44. Heterophil
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

45. IV
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

46. Reticulocyte count
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Define polycythemia
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

47. clump together
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

48. Affects the GI tract
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

49. Vit K
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

50. Hereditary
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?