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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Metamyelocyte
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

2. Trypanosoma sp
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

3. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

4. Hyperchromic
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

5. VWB factor
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What color is a 22ga needle?
Adhesion requires what factor?

6. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
What is a serum separator tube?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is serum?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

7. II - VII - IX - X
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

8. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

9. Hemolysis and clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is the method for ACT?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

10. Iatrogenic
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

11. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are the blood types of a cat?
What happens during aggregation
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

12. VIII and vWB
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Define artifact
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

13. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
Where does protein originate from?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

14. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

15. Green
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

16. Liver
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

17. Fibrin
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

18. Neovascularization
What is TP measured in?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

19. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

20. Prothrombin time
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What is the function of albumin?

21. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What happens during aggregation
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

22. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

23. 1.000
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

24. Uncontrolled growth arising from blood or blood forming organs
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

25. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
MCHC
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

26. Kidney
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What organ produces EPO?

27. Torocytes
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

28. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

29. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

30. Marrow failure and tumor staging
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What are the indications for BM sampling

31. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
The RBC morphology includes...

32. Liver Failure - DIC
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

33. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

34. Spherocyte
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

35. Pink
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What color is a 20ga needle?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

36. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

37. Increase in RBCs
What is the method for BMBT?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Define polycythemia
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

38. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is this the test of choice for?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the specific use for BTT?

39. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Microsytosis is often seen in...

40. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

41. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

42. Ehrlichia sp.
What is the definition of PCV?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

43. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

44. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are dohle bodies?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

45. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is the specific use for BTT?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

46. (Hb x 10)/RBC
MCH
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

47. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

48. Band neutrophil
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

49. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are the 2 main proteins?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

50. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

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