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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

2. lymphosarcoma
List the order of Platelet production
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

3. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

4. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

5. Hypoxia
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

6. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What are the types of BM sample?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What does the FDP test detect?

7. Thrombin - fibrin
Fibrinogen > __________
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

8. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

9. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

10. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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11. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is plasma?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

12. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What is the specific use for LTT?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

13. 7-10 days
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

14. Blood gases
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

15. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

16. Saline wash
MCHC
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

17. Hyperchromic
What is plasma?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What happens during aggregation
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

18. Coverslips
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Define artifact
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

19. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

20. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

21. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the function of protein?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What is the method for ACT?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

22. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

23. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

24. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Name the 3 granulocytes
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

25. 37-55% - 30-45%
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
Define polycythemia

26. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
Where are immunoglobins made?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

27. Thrombocytopenia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

28. Ghost cell
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

29. Torocytes
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

30. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What is the function of immunglobins?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

31. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

32. Promoters - inhibitors
granule
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

33. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

34. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

35. Cytauxzoon sp.
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

36. Band neutrophil
Define artifact
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

37. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is the specific use for BTT?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

38. Liver
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

39. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

40. VIII and vWB
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

41. But temporary
A vascular spasm is immediate...
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

42. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

43. Vacuoles
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are the blood types of a cat?
All cells can get...
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

44. Vascular part - platelet plug
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

45. Seg
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Define relative
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

46. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

47. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

48. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

49. VIII and vWB
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
List the order of Platelet production
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

50. Leukocytozoon spp
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis