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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Prognosis and tx protocol
What is fibrinolysis?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

2. Kidney
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What organ produces EPO?
What is the function of protein?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

3. Primary hemostasis and plt number
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
At birth is TP high or low
Where are immunoglobins made?
What does plt count evaluate?

4. Anisocytosis
What is the function of immunglobins?
chromatin
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

5. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

6. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
vacuoles
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

7. Thrombocytosis
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

8. Metamyelocyte
Define polycythemia
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
MCH
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

9. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
At birth is TP high or low

10. Breakdown of a clot
What is another name for a blister cell?
What is fibrinolysis?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

11. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is a WBC tumor?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

12. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
What are 3 effects of EPO?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

13. 5-7
granule
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

14. Microcytic
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

15. Empty package of negate stain
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
vacuoles
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

16. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What is the tx for RBC tumor
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

17. II - VII - IX - X
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What is the specific use for BTT?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

18. Yes
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

19. Megakaryocyte
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

20. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

21. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
What does BMBT evaluate
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

22. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

23. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

24. Normocytic
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What is fibrinolysis?
Fibrinogen > __________
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

25. hereditary or acquired
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

26. Monolayer on 40x
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

27. Platelets stick to each other
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What is the specific use for LTT?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What happens during aggregation

28. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

29. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

30. Degree of the difference
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are the 2 main proteins?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

31. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is serum?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

32. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are the indications for BM sampling

33. Membrane bound package of chemicals
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
granule

34. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are some causes of BM failure
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

35. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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36. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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37. Target cell
At birth is TP high or low
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood

38. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are some examples of immunologic?

39. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Name the 3 granulocytes
What does VWF test evaluate?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

40. Vacuoles
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
All cells can get...

41. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

42. Marrow failure and tumor staging
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are the indications for BM sampling

43. defective maturation series
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
List the order of Platelet production

44. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

45. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

46. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

47. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What are some examples of immunologic?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

48. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
Define relative
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

49. .98mls to .02mls
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

50. Vit K
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
MCHC

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