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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

2. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Define thromboembolic disorder
List the order of Platelet production
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

3. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
What is the specific use for BTT?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Define relative

4. Ehrilichia - babesia - RMSF - borrelia - brucella - dirofilaria
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

5. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What happens during aggregation
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

6. RBC morphology - WBC morphology - and platelets
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

7. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the tx for RBC tumor
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

8. present in the blood
Name the 3 granulocytes
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

9. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

10. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
All cells can get...
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

11. Size - shape - and number
Platelet morphology includes...
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are the blood types of a cat?

12. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What is TP measured in?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Define polycythemia
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

13. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What does a RTT contain?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

14. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
Microsytosis is often seen in...

15. Blood loss and dehydration
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

16. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What is serum?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What are the 3 components of blood?

17. Liver Failure - DIC
What does hemosiderin look like?
Define relative
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

18. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

19. Morbillivirus sp
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

20. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

21. Neovascularization
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is dysproteinemia?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

22. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What does plt count evaluate?

23. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

24. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Fibrinogen > __________
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

25. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are dohle bodies?
Avian basophils do not have a...

26. Hypochromic
All cells can get...
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

27. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

28. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

29. .98mls to .02mls
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

30. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

31. 100
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

32. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.

33. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

34. Cow; dusty purple grey
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

35. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
Fibrinogen > __________
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

36. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

37. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

38. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

39. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is an example of loss of RBC
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What is an example of decreased production?

40. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

41. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
Define relative
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

42. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is fibrinolysis?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

43. Agglutination or hemolysis
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

44. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

45. Heterophil
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are the types of BM sample?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

46. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
The WBC morphology includes...
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________

47. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

48. Iatrogenic
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

49. Hemolysis and clot
Where does protein originate from?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

50. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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