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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 1.000
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

2. Acanthocytes
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What do monocytes do?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

3. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
What is the method for ACT?
Fibrinolysis is...
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are the indications for BM sampling

4. Ehrlichia sp.
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Thrombocytes tend to...
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

5. Adequate size and WBC distribution
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

6. oval
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

7. Microcytic
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What does ACT evaluate?

8. Heterophil
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

9. Liver and lymphoid tissue
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is the function of protein?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

10. Thrombocytopenia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

11. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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12. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

13. Platelets stick to each other
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What happens during aggregation

14. Prothrombinase
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

15. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Define artifact
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is an example of decreased production?

16. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

17. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are the indications for BM sampling
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

18. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the method for BMBT?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

19. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

20. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What organ produces EPO?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

21. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

22. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

23. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is TP measured in?

24. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

25. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
List the order of Platelet production
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

26. Bleed them out
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

27. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

28. Jugular- 20ga
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

29. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

30. Increased concentration: dehydration
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are the types of BM sample?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

31. lymphosarcoma
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

32. Degree of the difference
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

33. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

34. Macrophages
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

35. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

36. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What do monocytes do?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

37. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

38. fresh
chromatin
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

39. Ghost cell
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What are the indications for BM sampling

40. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

41. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
What are the types of BM sample?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What is plasma?

42. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

43. Band neutrophil
Define thromboembolic disorder
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is the specific use for LTT?

44. Agglutination or hemolysis
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
MCH
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

45. segmented nucleus
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is this the test of choice for?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

46. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

47. Vascular part - platelet plug
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are some causes of BM failure

48. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

49. Red
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What color is a 25ga needle?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

50. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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