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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

2. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

3. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What does the FDP test detect?

4. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is this the test of choice for?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

5. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

6. Iatrogenic
What are dohle bodies?
Define relative
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

7. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

8. Size - shape - and number
Platelet morphology includes...
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is an example of increased destruction?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

9. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is the definition of PCV?

10. No - but it is not ideal
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

11. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

12. IMHA - clostridium hemolyticum
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

13. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What does a RTT contain?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

14. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

15. Liver Failure - DIC
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

16. Myelocyte; yes
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

17. Thrombin - fibrin
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
Fibrinogen > __________
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

18. Increase in RBCs
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Define polycythemia
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the function of albumin?

19. Liver
What does a RTT contain?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

20. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

21. Stomatocyte
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

22. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

23. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is the stimulus for platelets
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

24. Antigen or foreign protein
granule
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

25. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

26. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

27. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

28. Heinz body
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What is the function of albumin?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

29. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
chromatin
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

30. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

31. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

32. Platelets stick to each other
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What happens during aggregation
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

33. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is an example of decreased production?
What are some examples of immunologic?

34. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

35. Dog
List the order of Platelet production
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

36. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the 2 main proteins?

37. Fibrin clot
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What color is a 18ga needle?

38. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What are the 2 main proteins?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Where does protein originate from?

39. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is the tx for RBC tumor
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

40. Metamyelocyte
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are 3 effects of EPO?

41. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the definition of PCV?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

42. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
Define artifact
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

43. Microcytic
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is a serum separator tube?

44. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

45. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

46. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

47. 1.000
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
granule

48. 450 mls; 56 mls
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is another name for a blister cell?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

49. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the function of albumin?
What are the 3 components of blood?

50. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils