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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

2. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?

3. Degree of the difference
The RBC morphology includes...
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

4. Ghost cell
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

5. Poikilocytosis
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

6. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

7. Blood loss and dehydration
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

8. Agglutination or hemolysis
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What does BMBT evaluate

9. Prognosis and tx protocol
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

10. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts donor plasma
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

11. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is this the test of choice for?

12. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
Define artifact
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are dohle bodies?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

13. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

14. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

15. 2 gtts donor plasma and 2 gtts recipient RBC suspension
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

16. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

17. Neovascularization
Name the 3 granulocytes
What does a mature avian RBC look like
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

18. 3 times
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

19. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

20. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is the method for BMBT?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

21. don't cause clots
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is TP measured in?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are the types of BM sample?

22. Prothrombinase
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What color is a 22ga needle?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is another name for a blister cell?

23. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
What are dohle bodies?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

24. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is the function of protein?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

25. Schistocytes
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

26. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What does hemosiderin look like?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

27. 60-70 -30-36
granule
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

28. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

29. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What do monocytes do?
List the order of Platelet production

30. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What is the function of immunglobins?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

31. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
At birth is TP high or low
Fibrinolysis is...
What are the indications for BM sampling
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

32. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

33. Leukocytozoon spp
What color is a 22ga needle?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

34. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
Name the 3 granulocytes
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
The RBC morphology includes...
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

35. Increase at the same time
What is plasma?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

36. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Define thromboembolic disorder
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

37. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

38. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the function of immunglobins?
Thrombocytes tend to...

39. Rouleaux or agglutination
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

40. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

41. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What do monocytes do?
What is the method for ACT?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

42. Leukocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

43. Reticulocyte count
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

44. VIII and vWB
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

45. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

46. Hemoproteus spp
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What is the function of protein?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

47. Not mixing the sample
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

48. Megakaryocyte
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

49. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?

50. blood
At birth is TP high or low
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus