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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
granule
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

2. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

3. Reticulocyte count
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

4. Dog
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

5. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
MCH
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

6. Bleed them out
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

7. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

8. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

9. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What happens during aggregation
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is the function of immunglobins?

10. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

11. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is an example of increased destruction?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

12. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Define thromboembolic disorder

13. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is the specific use for BTT?

14. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What does ACT evaluate?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

15. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

16. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

17. Protrusion will be very dark in color
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Defects of hemostasis can be..

18. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

19. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

20. Not mixing the sample
At birth is TP high or low
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

21. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Platelet morphology includes...

22. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What are the types of BM sample?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

23. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What does ACT evaluate?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What are the types of BM sample?

24. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What is a WBC tumor?
All cells can get...
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

25. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation in conjunction with LTT
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What does ACT evaluate?

26. Hypoxia
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
MCV
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

27. Schistocytes
What color is a 20ga needle?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
The WBC morphology includes...

28. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

29. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

30. They increase
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

31. (Hb x 10)/RBC
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
MCH

32. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

33. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is fibrinolysis?

34. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

35. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
What organ produces EPO?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

36. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

37. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

38. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

39. Contact activation
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is the function of immunglobins?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

40. RBC morphology - WBC morphology - and platelets
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

41. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
vacuoles
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

42. Lymphosarcoma
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

43. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

44. Compensatory mechanisms
What are dohle bodies?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

45. Primary granules; no
MCH
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

46. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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47. w/o anemia
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

48. no body
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

49. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are the types of BM sample?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

50. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

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