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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Membrane bound package of chemicals
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
granule
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

2. Ehrlichia sp.
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

3. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the indications for BM sampling
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the types of BM sample?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

4. Ghost cell
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is the function of albumin?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

5. They increase
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

6. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What does a RTT contain?

7. VIII and vWB
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

8. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What is a serum separator tube?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?

9. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

10. 2 gtts donor plasma and 2 gtts recipient RBC suspension
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

11. Thrombin - platelets
What color is a 16ga needle?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

12. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

13. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
What color is a 18ga needle?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What does VWF test evaluate?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

14. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the function of albumin?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

15. Morbillivirus sp
What does plt count evaluate?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

16. Dog
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
The RBC morphology includes...
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

17. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

18. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are the indications for BM sampling
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

19. (PCV x 10)/RBC
MCV
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

20. Kidney
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are dohle bodies?
What organ produces EPO?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

21. Vascular part - platelet plug
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
MCV

22. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

23. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

24. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
Define relative
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What is a serum separator tube?

25. Rouleaux or agglutination
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What are dohle bodies?

26. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

27. Jugular- 18ga
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

28. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What are the blood types of a cat?

29. Contact activation
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What do monocytes do?

30. Anaplasma marginale
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?

31. Blue granules
What do you look for to identify a basophil
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

32. 3-6%
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What are the 2 main proteins?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?

33. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

34. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

35. present in the blood
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What are dohle bodies?
The WBC morphology includes...

36. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
Fibrinolysis is...
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

37. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

38. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?

39. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
MCHC
What is an example of decreased production?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

40. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

41. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What are dohle bodies?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

42. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
What are the 3 functions of platelets
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What organ produces EPO?

43. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is dysproteinemia?

44. Bleed them out
What are the types of BM sample?
chromatin
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

45. Prothrombinase
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

46. Hereditary
What are dohle bodies?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

47. Prognosis and tx protocol
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

48. Canaries - lovebirds - and chickens
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

49. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

50. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
MCV
What is serum?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What organ produces EPO?