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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Define absolute
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

2. Green
What color is a 18ga needle?
What is this the test of choice for?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

3. Lymphosarcoma
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

4. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

5. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

6. PO
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

7. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

8. But temporary
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

9. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is plasma?
What is serum?
What are the indications for BM sampling

10. Liver Failure - DIC
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

11. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

12. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
The RBC morphology includes...
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

13. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is the specific use for LTT?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

14. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
MCV
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

15. Free or Unbound TPO
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

16. Macrocytosis
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are some causes of BM failure

17. Thrombocytopenia
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is TP measured in?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

18. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

19. Leukocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?

20. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What does hemosiderin look like?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

21. Cat
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

22. (Hb x 10)/RBC
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
MCH
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are some causes of BM failure

23. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

24. Rouleaux or agglutination
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Thrombocytes tend to...
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

25. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

26. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Name the 3 granulocytes
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

27. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What are the indications for BM sampling
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

28. Vascular part - platelet plug
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

29. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

30. Thrombocytosis
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

31. In the fridge - in the freezer
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Platelet morphology includes...
What does the test thrombin time detect?

32. NRBC
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
MCH
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

33. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

34. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What are the types of BM sample?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

35. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What is plasma?
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

36. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

37. 5.0-7.0 g/dl - 5.0-8.0 g/dl
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

38. 3-6%
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What happens during aggregation
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

39. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is this the test of choice for?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

40. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What is the method for ACT?
Adhesion requires what factor?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

41. Blood glucose
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

42. Coagulation studies
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What is the specific use for BTT?

43. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the definition of PCV?

44. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

45. Coverslips
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

46. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

47. Anemia
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

48. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Define relative
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What color is a 18ga needle?

49. Thrombocytes
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

50. Band
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Avian basophils do not have a...
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?