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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

2. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

3. Stomatocyte
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

4. Hereditary
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
The WBC morphology includes...

5. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

6. 37-55% - 30-45%
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is another name for a blister cell?

7. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What are the 3 functions of platelets
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

8. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

9. lymphosarcoma
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What does VWF test evaluate?

10. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

11. Bleed them out
What is the tx for RBC tumor
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

12. Genetic material in the nucleus
chromatin
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

13. Lymphosarcoma
What are some examples of immunologic?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

14. The preceding factor
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

15. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is a serum separator tube?

16. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
MCV
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

17. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
MCV
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

18. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is an example of decreased production?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

19. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

20. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
All cells can get...
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

21. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
Where are immunoglobins made?

22. Prognosis and tx protocol
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

23. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

24. 3-6%
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

25. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
What does hemosiderin look like?
What are some causes of BM failure
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

26. Anaplasma marginale
Fibrinogen > __________
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

27. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

28. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Define relative
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

29. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

30. In the fridge - in the freezer
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

31. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
During secretion What does PF3 do?
granule
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

32. 3 times
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

33. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

34. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

35. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are dohle bodies?
What is the method for BMBT?

36. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

37. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

38. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

39. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
The WBC morphology includes...
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is a serum separator tube?

40. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are some examples of immunologic?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

41. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

42. 39-55 -30-36
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

43. Polychormatophilics
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

44. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

45. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

46. Coverslips
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

47. Myelodysplasia
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is a WBC tumor?

48. Room temperature
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

49. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What is the method for ACT?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Name the 3 granulocytes

50. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is serum?

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