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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hemoproteus spp
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

2. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is a serum separator tube?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

3. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What does a RTT contain?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

4. Echinocytes
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are the 3 components of blood?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

5. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

6. Hypochromic
The WBC morphology includes...
A vascular spasm is immediate...
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

7. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What is the method for BMBT?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

8. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

9. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

10. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
granule
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

11. Red
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

12. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

13. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

14. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

15. clump together
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Thrombocytes tend to...

16. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

17. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the specific use for BTT?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

18. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

19. CBC
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is the specific use for LTT?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

20. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

21. Blood glucose
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is dysproteinemia?

22. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
chromatin
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

23. Blue granules
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What do you look for to identify a basophil
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

24. Megakaryocyte
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the function of immunglobins?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

25. Band neutrophil
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

26. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What do monocytes do?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

27. Liver
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
MCV
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

28. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?

29. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

30. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

31. Thrombocytes
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

32. Liver Failure - DIC
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
All cells can get...
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

33. Thrombocytopenia
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

34. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is the function of immunglobins?

35. blood
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

36. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is fibrinolysis?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

37. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

38. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

39. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Fibrinogen > __________

40. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

41. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
chromatin
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

42. Blood gases
What is an example of loss of RBC
What does the FDP test detect?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

43. 3 times
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What is dysproteinemia?
granule

44. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

45. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?

46. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are some examples of immunologic?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
MCHC

47. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Fibrinolysis is...
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

48. segmented nucleus
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are the blood types of a cat?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

49. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
What does VWF test evaluate?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
The RBC morphology includes...
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

50. Green
What color is a 18ga needle?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?