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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

2. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are some causes of BM failure
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the method for ACT?

3. Rouleaux or agglutination
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

4. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

5. Breakdown of a clot
What is fibrinolysis?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

6. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

7. Polychormatophilics
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

8. Myelodysplasia
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is a WBC tumor?
Platelet morphology includes...

9. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

10. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
During gestation is TP high or low?

11. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What does ACT evaluate?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What are the 3 components of blood?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

12. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

13. Hemoproteus spp
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird

14. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

15. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

16. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

17. True deviation in the amount
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
Define absolute

18. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

19. Coverslips
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is a serum separator tube?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

20. Anisocytosis
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

21. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

22. Leptocyte
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

23. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What is dysproteinemia?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

24. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

25. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
chromatin
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What is the function of albumin?

26. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

27. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

28. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Fibrinolysis is...
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

29. Albumin and immunglobins
What are the 2 main proteins?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

30. Thrombocytopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

31. Increase
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is plasma?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

32. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

33. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

34. Bleed them out
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

35. Blood glucose
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the method for BMBT?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

36. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

37. Degree of the difference
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

38. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the stimulus for platelets
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

39. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
List the order of Platelet production
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

40. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

41. Size - shape - and number
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
Platelet morphology includes...

42. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
MCHC
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What color is a 22ga needle?

43. VWB
Define artifact
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

44. Poikilocytosis
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What are dohle bodies?

45. Hyperchromic
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

46. Blood chemistries
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

47. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
List the order of Platelet production

48. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

49. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

50. IV
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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