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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What does a RTT contain?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

2. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

3. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
MCH
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?

4. Hyperchromic
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is fibrinolysis?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

5. Acanthocytes
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What does ACT evaluate?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

6. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Define polycythemia
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

7. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

8. 3-6%
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Where does protein originate from?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

9. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
Avian basophils do not have a...

10. Reticulocyte count
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

11. Normocytic
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

12. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
MCV
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

13. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

14. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

15. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

16. Saline wash
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
Define relative
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
what WBC do mast cells resemble

17. Torocytes
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

18. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

19. Thrombocytosis
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
what WBC do mast cells resemble
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

20. Liver Failure - DIC
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is the function of protein?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

21. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Define relative
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

22. Leptocyte
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

23. fresh
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

24. Biliary stasis - carotenes - ev hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

25. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the specific use for BTT?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

26. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

27. Hereditary
What are dohle bodies?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is a serum separator tube?

28. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Define artifact

29. Hemorrhage
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What is an example of loss of RBC
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

30. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
What is fibrinolysis?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

31. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
Name the 3 granulocytes

32. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

33. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is serum?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Thrombocytes tend to...

34. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

35. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
MCH
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

36. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
MCV

37. Macrophages
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

38. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

39. WBC identification rule of thumb
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

40. Coagulation studies
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is the specific use for BTT?

41. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

42. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What does plt count evaluate?

43. Plt estimate - plt count - BMBT - ACT
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

44. Maintains osmotic pressure
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the function of albumin?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

45. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is this the test of choice for?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

46. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

47. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

48. Trypanosoma sp
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

49. Seg
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

50. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
The RBC morphology includes...
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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