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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Thrombin - platelets
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is the function of albumin?

2. BTT
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What are some causes of BM failure

3. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

4. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

5. no body
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
MCV

6. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

7. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

8. Heterophil
What are some causes of BM failure
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

9. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
Fibrinolysis is...
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

10. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
What color is a 18ga needle?
What is the function of albumin?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

11. Liver and lymphoid tissue
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
Where are immunoglobins made?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

12. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
MCHC
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

13. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

14. Metamyelocyte
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

15. Perform 2 or more of the test
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

16. In the fridge - in the freezer
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

17. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

18. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are the indications for BM sampling

19. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

20. Increased concentration: dehydration
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)

21. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
Name the 2 agranulocytes
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

22. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

23. Albumin and immunglobins
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Where are immunoglobins made?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are the 2 main proteins?

24. Increase at the same time
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

25. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

26. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
Where does protein originate from?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

27. 5-7
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood

28. Prognosis and tx protocol
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

29. NRBC
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What are the blood types of a cat?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils

30. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

31. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

32. Maintains osmotic pressure
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the function of albumin?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

33. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Define artifact

34. Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

35. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

36. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

37. VIII and vWB
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What are the indications for BM sampling
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

38. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

39. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

40. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
Fibrinolysis is...
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is an example of increased destruction?

41. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

42. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

43. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What does hemosiderin look like?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

44. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
What is the function of protein?
Define relative
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is plasma?

45. CBC
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the method for BMBT?

46. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

47. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

48. FDP's (Fibrin Degredation Products)
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

49. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What does the FDP test detect?

50. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

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