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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

2. Platelets stick to each other
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What does a RTT contain?
What happens during aggregation
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

3. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What organ produces EPO?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Thrombocytes tend to...

4. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

5. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
Name the 3 granulocytes
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

6. don't cause clots
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...

7. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What is the definition of PCV?

8. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

9. Hemorrhage
What is an example of loss of RBC
Define absolute
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood

10. NRBC
What do monocytes do?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

11. .98mls to .02mls
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

12. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Where does protein originate from?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is plasma?

13. In the fridge - in the freezer
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

14. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

15. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

16. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

17. IV
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is TP measured in?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

18. Basophils
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Where does protein originate from?

19. WBC identification rule of thumb
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is serum?

20. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

21. Hypoxia
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is an example of loss of RBC

22. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
granule
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

23. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the types of BM sample?
What is fibrinolysis?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

24. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
MCV
What does a RTT contain?

25. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What is a serum separator tube?

26. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
What is serum?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

27. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What is this the test of choice for?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

28. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

29. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

30. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is plasma?
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

31. 2 gtts donor plasma and 2 gtts recipient RBC suspension
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects

32. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

33. Macrocytosis
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What color is a 22ga needle?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

34. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

35. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
vacuoles
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

36. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are the 2 main proteins?

37. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
Avian basophils do not have a...
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

38. Liver
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

39. Monolayer on 40x
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?

40. Bleed them out
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What do monocytes do?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

41. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
MCH
What happens during aggregation
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?

42. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
Avian basophils do not have a...
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

43. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

44. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

45. 7-10 days
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

46. Prothrombinase
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

47. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
MCV
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

48. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

49. Leukocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What organ produces EPO?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

50. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?