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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

2. Body - monolayer - and feathered edge
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
MCV
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

3. Hyperchromic
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

4. VIII and vWB
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What is this the test of choice for?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

5. No - but it is not ideal
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are some examples of immunologic?

6. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
During gestation is TP high or low?

7. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

8. Primary granules; no
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

9. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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10. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What does BMBT evaluate
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

11. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is this the test of choice for?
The WBC morphology includes...

12. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

13. Thrombocytopenia
What does plt count evaluate?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
During secretion What does PF3 do?

14. Large amounts to be effective - not long lasting - pricey
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

15. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

16. IV
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What is the method for BMBT?

17. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
Platelet morphology includes...
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

18. Slow- 0.11 ml/#/minute for the first 15 minutes
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
Avian basophils do not have a...
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?

19. VWB
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

20. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What does VWF test evaluate?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

21. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
granule
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

22. Contact activation
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is an example of increased destruction?

23. II - VII - IX - X
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Define absolute
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

24. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
At birth is TP high or low
What do you look for to identify a basophil

25. Cat
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

26. Coagulation studies
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the specific use for BTT?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

27. Empty package of negate stain
vacuoles
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What does a RTT contain?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

28. But temporary
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

29. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

30. Monolayer on 40x
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
During gestation is TP high or low?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

31. Iatrogenic
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

32. Red
What color is a 25ga needle?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the method for BMBT?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

33. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What does the FDP test detect?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

34. Fibrin clot
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What do monocytes do?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?

35. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

36. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is TP measured in?

37. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

38. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the function of immunglobins?

39. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are the types of BM sample?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

40. Microcytic
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
The RBC morphology includes...
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

41. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

42. Pink
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
The WBC morphology includes...
What color is a 20ga needle?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

43. hereditary or acquired
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

44. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

45. 39-55 -30-36
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What does the FDP test detect?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

46. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

47. WBC- defense - RBC- O2 transport - Plts- platelet plug
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

48. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
MCHC
What does ACT evaluate?

49. 3-6%
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?

50. Kidney
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What organ produces EPO?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?