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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is plasma?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

2. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Define polycythemia
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

3. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
Fibrinogen > __________
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

4. Postprandial (patient just ate) - hypothyroid - diabetes mellitus
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

5. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the method for ACT?

6. Cow; dusty purple grey
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

7. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

8. 1.000
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

9. Rouleaux or agglutination
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
Name the 3 granulocytes

10. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

11. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
The WBC morphology includes...
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

12. 3-6%
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

13. Heinz body
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
At birth is TP high or low
granule
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

14. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

15. Band neutrophil
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

16. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

17. Genetic material in the nucleus
Defects of hemostasis can be..
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
chromatin
What does a RTT contain?

18. Kidney
What organ produces EPO?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are some examples of immunologic?

19. Biliary stasis - carotenes - ev hemolysis
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What does BMBT evaluate

20. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
The RBC morphology includes...
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

21. Perform 2 or more of the test
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

22. Red
What color is a 25ga needle?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

23. Vascular part - platelet plug
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

24. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Where does protein originate from?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

25. Compensatory mechanisms
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Where does protein originate from?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?

26. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the stimulus for platelets
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

27. VWB
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

28. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is a serum separator tube?

29. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Avian basophils do not have a...
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

30. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the method for BMBT?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

31. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?

32. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts donor plasma
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
Define artifact
Define absolute
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

33. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are some examples of immunologic?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

34. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

35. Protrusion will be very dark in color
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

36. Keratocyte
What are the 3 components of blood?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the specific use for BTT?

37. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is the function of albumin?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

38. Macrocytosis - Microcytosis
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

39. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

40. 50:50%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are the 2 main proteins?

41. Thrombin - platelets
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Define polycythemia
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

42. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the indications for BM sampling
At birth is TP high or low
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

43. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is serum?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube

44. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

45. Promoters - inhibitors
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

46. Breakdown of a clot
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is fibrinolysis?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

47. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is serum?

48. IV catheter; IO or IP
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

49. (PCV x 10)/RBC
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
The RBC morphology includes...
MCV
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

50. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Fibrinogen > __________