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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Basophils
Where does protein originate from?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

2. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

3. clump together
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What are the types of BM sample?

4. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

5. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the definition of PCV?

6. The preceding factor
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What does plt count evaluate?

7. Increase at the same time
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

8. No - but it is not ideal
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

9. 5-7
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

10. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What is serum?

11. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

12. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
MCH

13. Acid citrate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose (21 days) - citrate phosphate dextrose with adenine (35 days)
Thrombocytes tend to...
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

14. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
Fibrinolysis is...
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

15. Torocytes
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
This cell looks like a punched out cell.

16. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

17. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

18. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What does VWF test evaluate?

19. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

20. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is TP measured in?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?

21. Myelocyte; yes
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

22. They increase
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the stimulus for platelets

23. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts donor plasma
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________

24. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What is an example of decreased production?

25. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Where does protein originate from?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

26. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is the specific use for BTT?
What organ produces EPO?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

27. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

28. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

29. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
What are some causes of BM failure
During gestation is TP high or low?
Define thromboembolic disorder
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

30. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
What color is a 22ga needle?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is serum?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?

31. Polycythemia vera and erthodysplasia
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

32. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What are the types of BM sample?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is TP measured in?

33. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

34. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the function of protein?

35. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

36. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What do monocytes do?

37. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What does ACT evaluate?
What is the biggest error in hematology?

38. Primary hemostasis
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What does BMBT evaluate
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge

39. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

40. Prothrombinase
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

41. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are the types of BM sample?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

42. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

43. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is the stimulus for platelets
what WBC do mast cells resemble
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

44. Coverslips
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

45. Thrombopathias and vascular
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What does ACT evaluate?
What is this the test of choice for?

46. Marrow failure and tumor staging
MCHC
What are the indications for BM sampling
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

47. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What is plasma?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

48. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

49. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

50. Cytauxzoon sp.
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What do you look for to identify a basophil
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?