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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

2. Eccentrocyte
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is another name for a blister cell?

3. Size - shape - and number
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Platelet morphology includes...
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

4. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?

5. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What does BMBT evaluate
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

6. Genetic material in the nucleus
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
chromatin

7. Heinz body
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is the definition of PCV?

8. Torocytes
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Adhesion requires what factor?

9. Primary hemostasis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What does BMBT evaluate
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

10. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

11. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Define polycythemia
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

12. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is a serum separator tube?

13. Thrombocytes
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

14. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What are the 3 components of blood?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

15. Poikilocytosis
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
All cells can get...
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

16. NRBC
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

17. Vit K
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
vacuoles
What is the method for BMBT?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

18. Breakdown of a clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is fibrinolysis?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

19. Empty package of negate stain
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is this the test of choice for?
vacuoles

20. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
Define artifact
All cells can get...
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

21. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

22. defective maturation series
What does hemosiderin look like?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.

23. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What does the FDP test detect?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What does BMBT evaluate

24. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

25. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
What is an example of increased destruction?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What color is a 22ga needle?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

26. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Fibrinolysis is...
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

27. Blood loss and dehydration
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

28. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are dohle bodies?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are the types of BM sample?

29. Kidney
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What organ produces EPO?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?

30. Hemorrhage
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is an example of loss of RBC
What are the types of BM sample?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

31. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________

32. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

33. VIII and vWB
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

34. blood
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
Microsytosis is often seen in...
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

35. CBC
What is the specific use for LTT?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Microsytosis is often seen in...

36. Horse
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

37. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the blood types of a cat?

38. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

39. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
Thrombocytes tend to...
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

40. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

41. RBC tumor - RBC replicating uncontrollably. EPO is not involved.
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

42. (PCV x 10)/RBC
MCV
Adhesion requires what factor?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

43. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

44. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

45. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Define artifact
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

46. Albumin and immunglobins
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What happens during aggregation
What are the 2 main proteins?

47. Mean Corpuscular Volume - gives us the size of RBCs
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

48. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the function of protein?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

49. Immediate hypersensitivity or delayed hypersensitivity
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are some examples of immunologic?

50. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What do monocytes do?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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