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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ghost cell
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

2. Fibrin clot
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

3. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
MCHC

4. Dog
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

5. Fibrin
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
During gestation is TP high or low?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

6. Cat
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

7. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Define relative
Microsytosis is often seen in...
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

8. SQ
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood

9. In the fridge - in the freezer
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

10. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

11. Basophilic stippling
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What is the function of immunglobins?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

12. Pink
What color is a 20ga needle?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

13. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
List the order of Platelet production
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

14. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

15. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

16. Normocytic
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What is the function of albumin?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

17. Bleed them out
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
vacuoles
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

18. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

19. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

20. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

21. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
What is the method for ACT?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

22. 7-10 days
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What are some causes of BM failure

23. Coverslips
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

24. Band neutrophil
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

25. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
Fibrinolysis is...
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
At birth is TP high or low
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

26. Canaries - lovebirds - and chickens
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
What is a serum separator tube?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

27. Aggregate
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What color is a 20ga needle?
What does the FDP test detect?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

28. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
What are dohle bodies?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What are the indications for BM sampling
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

29. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What does BMBT evaluate
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

30. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

31. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Fibrinolysis is...
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?

32. Vit K
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?

33. Pink granules
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

34. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
Defects of hemostasis can be..
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is contained in the buffy coat?

35. Stomatocyte
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?

36. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Fibrinogen > __________
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

37. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

38. don't cause clots
At birth is TP high or low
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

39. Antigen or foreign protein
vacuoles
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

40. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What are some causes of BM failure
What happens during aggregation
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

41. 2 years at room temperature
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Define relative
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

42. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

43. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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44. Seg
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Define polycythemia
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

45. Anemia
What color is a 22ga needle?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
At birth is TP high or low
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?

46. Keratocyte
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

47. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

48. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What does VWF test evaluate?
Where does protein originate from?

49. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

50. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What is an example of loss of RBC