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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Not mixing the sample
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What is the biggest error in hematology?
During gestation is TP high or low?

2. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What are some causes of BM failure
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

3. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

4. defective maturation series
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

5. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

6. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
List the order of Platelet production
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

7. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

8. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

9. RBC morphology - WBC morphology - and platelets
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

10. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

11. Primary hemostasis and plt number
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What does plt count evaluate?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

12. Band
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

13. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is contained in the buffy coat?
vacuoles

14. Blood glucose
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

15. don't cause clots
What is an example of decreased production?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

16. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is plasma?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

17. VIII and vWB
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What are the blood types of a cat?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

18. Jugular- 18ga
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

19. .98mls to .02mls
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

20. Howell-Jolly Bodies
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
During secretion What does PF3 do?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

21. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
granule
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

22. Jugular vein- 22ga - cephalic vein- 25ga - femoral vein- 25ga
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is an example of decreased production?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

23. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

24. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
What is plasma?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

25. Blood gases
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?

26. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What color is a 18ga needle?

27. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus

28. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Fibrinolysis is...
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

29. Hemorrhage
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is an example of loss of RBC

30. NRBC
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

31. Liver and lymphoid tissue
Where are immunoglobins made?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

32. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

33. Primary granules; no
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

34. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

35. VWB
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

36. 7-10 days
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

37. Hemolysis and clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

38. Thrombopathias and vascular
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What color is a 18ga needle?
What is this the test of choice for?

39. Myelocyte; yes
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

40. The fluid portion of coagulated blood
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the definition of PCV?
What is serum?
Define relative

41. PPSC - Megakaryoblast - Promegakaryocyte - Megakaryocyte
List the order of Platelet production
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

42. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

43. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is the function of immunglobins?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

44. 39-55 -30-36
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What does hemosiderin look like?

45. Liver
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

46. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

47. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
What is the definition of PCV?
vacuoles
Define polycythemia
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

48. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

49. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

50. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What is an example of decreased production?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........

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