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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. (Hb x 10)/RBC
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
MCH
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

2. Maintains osmotic pressure
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is the function of albumin?

3. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

4. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

5. II - VII - IX - X
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

6. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
Define polycythemia
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

7. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

8. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

9. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

10. Anemia
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

11. Eccentric nucleus with low N:C ratio - very clear perinuclear halo; only seen in birds and reptiles
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Where does protein originate from?

12. Macrocytic
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

13. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
What is another name for a blister cell?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What are the indications for BM sampling

14. Not mixing the sample
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the biggest error in hematology?

15. Agglutination or hemolysis
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

16. CBC in birds and reptiles
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

17. VWB
What are some causes of BM failure
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

18. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What does a RTT contain?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

19. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is an example of increased destruction?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

20. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What are the indications for BM sampling
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

21. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

22. Hemorrhage
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is an example of loss of RBC
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What is another name for a blister cell?

23. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

24. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

25. lymphosarcoma
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

26. Hyperchromic
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is fibrinolysis?

27. Morbillivirus sp
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is another name for a blister cell?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?

28. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

29. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
Where does protein originate from?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

30. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

31. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
During gestation is TP high or low?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

32. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

33. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

34. Promoters - inhibitors
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

35. Keratocyte
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

36. .98mls to .02mls
What is the definition of PCV?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What does BMBT evaluate
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

37. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What is an example of decreased production?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

38. Hereditary
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

39. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

40. Liver and lymphoid tissue
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
Where are immunoglobins made?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What does hemosiderin look like?

41. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What does a mature avian RBC look like
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

42. PO
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What do monocytes do?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

43. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

44. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

45. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Define artifact

46. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
Define artifact
What are the types of BM sample?

47. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
During secretion What does PF3 do?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

48. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What does hemosiderin look like?

49. Cytauxzoon sp.
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

50. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT