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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?

2. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is the method for BMBT?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

3. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

4. Blue-grey inclusion in the cytoplasm that is irregular in shape
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What are dohle bodies?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What does hemosiderin look like?

5. Macrophages
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

6. Anisocytosis
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

7. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

8. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Define artifact

9. Anemia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Adhesion requires what factor?

10. Pink granules
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

11. Prothrombin time
What is plasma?
What organ produces EPO?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

12. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

13. Oxyglobin
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What is an example of decreased production?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?

14. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are dohle bodies?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

15. Heterophil
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What does the FDP test detect?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

16. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

17. High - because they lose the ability to retain water
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
chromatin

18. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?

19. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

20. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

21. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What are the 3 components of blood?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

22. Cat
Where does protein originate from?
What is an example of increased destruction?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

23. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

24. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What are dohle bodies?
Name the 3 granulocytes
What color is a 25ga needle?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

25. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What is an example of decreased production?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird

26. Liver
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are some causes of BM failure
What organ produces EPO?
chromatin

27. Adhesion - Aggregation - Secretion
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the specific use for LTT?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

28. SQ
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is this the test of choice for?
What does the FDP test detect?

29. Seg
vacuoles
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

30. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

31. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are dohle bodies?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each

32. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

33. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
All cells can get...
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?

34. IV
Define thromboembolic disorder
At birth is TP high or low
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

35. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
What is an example of decreased production?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

36. Increase loss of RBCs - Increase destruction - and decrease production
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

37. 5.0-7.0 g/dl - 5.0-8.0 g/dl
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
chromatin
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?

38. Dog
What color is a 20ga needle?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What are some examples of immunologic?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

39. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What do monocytes do?

40. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the types of BM sample?

41. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
What happens during aggregation
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

42. Promoters - inhibitors
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is the function of protein?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

43. Target cell
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

44. Increase in RBCs
Define polycythemia
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

45. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are the 2 main proteins?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What color is a 18ga needle?

46. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
MCHC
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

47. Genetic material in the nucleus
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
chromatin
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

48. Degree of the difference
What color is a 20ga needle?
List the order of Platelet production
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

49. Compensatory mechanisms
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

50. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
All cells can get...
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?