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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Dog
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

2. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Adhesion requires what factor?
Define polycythemia

3. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
Microsytosis is often seen in...
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?

4. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

5. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

6. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

7. Spherocyte
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

8. Hemonate for microdrips and admin set with filter for macrodrips
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

9. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What is the function of albumin?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

10. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

11. Hypochromic
What is contained in the buffy coat?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

12. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

13. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
What is an example of decreased production?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What are the types of BM sample?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

14. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

15. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What does the FDP test detect?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________

16. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

17. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.

18. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What is dysproteinemia?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

19. Reticulocyte count
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

20. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

21. Macrocytosis - Microcytosis
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

22. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

23. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

24. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What color is a 20ga needle?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

25. lymphosarcoma
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

26. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

27. Prothrombin time
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

28. CBC in birds and reptiles
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is a WBC tumor?

29. Neovascularization
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

30. Liver is #1 lymphoid tissue is #2
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Where does protein originate from?

31. Albumin and immunglobins
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
MCV
What are the 2 main proteins?

32. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What are the 3 components of blood?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

33. Marrow failure and tumor staging
What are the indications for BM sampling
What is the method for BMBT?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is the method for ACT?

34. Green
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What color is a 18ga needle?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

35. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

36. Poikilocytosis
What organ produces EPO?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

37. Macrocytic
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

38. doesn't last that long
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

39. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

40. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

41. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

42. The preceding factor
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

43. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

44. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

45. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
Define thromboembolic disorder

46. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

47. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

48. BTT
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What organ produces EPO?
What is another name for a blister cell?

49. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
granule

50. 3 times
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What does ACT evaluate?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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