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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Adequate size and WBC distribution
MCV
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Define artifact
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

2. Macrophages
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

3. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
vacuoles
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

4. VWB
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?

5. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

6. Platelets stick to each other
What happens during aggregation
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

7. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
Fibrinolysis is...
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?

8. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

9. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What is a WBC tumor?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

10. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

11. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

12. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What does plt count evaluate?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

13. Dog
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Fibrinolysis is...
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

14. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
Adhesion requires what factor?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
What do monocytes do?

15. Salivation - v/d - dyspnea - death
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

16. Whatever the bird weighs - 1% of that body weight is what you can safely draw (Ex- 3 ml from a 300g bird)
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

17. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

18. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

19. That the blood is compatible with recipient
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

20. PCV - RBC - Hb - Retic Ct - Morphology - Indices MCV - MCHC - MCH
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

21. 37-55% - 30-45%
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

22. Echinocytes
Define relative
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What are some examples of immunologic?

23. 2 gtts donor RBC suspension and 2 gtts recipient plasma
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

24. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is an example of decreased production?
What does a RTT contain?

25. Monolayer on 40x
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?

26. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
What color is a 22ga needle?
Define thromboembolic disorder
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

27. Blood glucose
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

28. Cow; dusty purple grey
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

29. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What do monocytes do?

30. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

31. Free or Unbound TPO
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

32. Hereditary
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

33. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
Where does protein originate from?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

34. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
Define artifact
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

35. Myelocyte; yes
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What color is a 18ga needle?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

36. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

37. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
What does a RTT contain?

38. For smaller animals with small volumes collected
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?

39. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
What does ACT evaluate?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

40. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

41. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

42. Torocytes
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

43. Membrane bound package of chemicals
granule
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
chromatin
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

44. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What does BMBT evaluate
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

45. Neutrophil - eosinophil - basophil
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Name the 3 granulocytes
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What are the blood types of a cat?

46. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are the types of BM sample?

47. Primary hemostasis and specifically plt number
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

48. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

49. Left shift - regenerative left shift - or inflammatory leukogram
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
The WBC morphology includes...
Define absolute
chromatin

50. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
What color is a 22ga needle?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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