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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is the stimulus for platelets
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

2. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the stimulus for platelets
What is TP measured in?

3. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What are the types of BM sample?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

4. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Adhesion requires what factor?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?

5. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What color is a 16ga needle?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

6. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the method for BMBT?

7. Microcytic
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
Define artifact
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?

8. 3-6%
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?

9. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

10. Poikilocytosis
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is the biggest error in hematology?

11. Proximal humerus - proximal femur - crest and wing of ilium - sternum and dorsal ends of ribs
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is a serum separator tube?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the stimulus for platelets

12. WBC identification rule of thumb
Where are immunoglobins made?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is an example of decreased production?

13. II - VII - IX - X
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors

14. hereditary or acquired
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

15. RTT - LTT - BTT - Dia.
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

16. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

17. True deviation in the amount
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
Define absolute

18. VIII and vWB
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

19. No - but it is not ideal
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What is the most important trait of blood donation?

20. Acetaminophin - maple leaves - onions - and zinc
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

21. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Where are immunoglobins made?
MCHC
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

22. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Define absolute
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

23. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

24. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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25. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What are the 3 components of hemostasis

26. Anisocytosis
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
All cells can get...
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

27. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

28. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

29. Leukocytosis
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

30. Howell-Jolly Bodies
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

31. (Hb x 10)/RBC
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
MCH
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is an example of decreased production?

32. Round to oval; ameboid
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

33. Acanthocytes
What does the FDP test detect?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

34. Canaries - lovebirds - and chickens
Define artifact
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...

35. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

36. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
Fibrinolysis is...
What is the definition of PCV?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is fibrinolysis?

37. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?

38. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
MCV

39. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

40. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What does plt count evaluate?

41. 100
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

42. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

43. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________

44. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the function of protein?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

45. Horse
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
vacuoles
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Define absolute

46. Heterophil
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

47. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

48. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
At birth is TP high or low
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
chromatin

49. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?

50. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?