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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Saline wash
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

2. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

3. Primary hemostasis and plt number
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What does plt count evaluate?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
chromatin

4. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What are the blood types of a cat?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT

5. Megakaryocyte
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

6. Free or Unbound TPO
What is the stimulus for platelets
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are dohle bodies?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

7. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What is plasma?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

8. Ghost cell
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

9. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

10. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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11. Torocytes
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

12. Increase
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

13. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?

14. Vasculitis - collagen deficiency - extensive vascular injury
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

15. PO
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the function of immunglobins?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

16. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What does ACT evaluate?
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?

17. Compensatory mechanisms
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What do monocytes do?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

18. Schistocytes
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

19. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
Define polycythemia
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?

20. Increased concentration: dehydration
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
MCV
What is an example of loss of RBC

21. Lymphocyte - monocyte
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

22. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
What is serum?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

23. Fibrin
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
Microsytosis is often seen in...

24. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
During gestation is TP high or low?
Define polycythemia
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

25. Concentration of proteins reflects a balance b/w filtration into tissues then a return of proteing in the lymphatic system
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the function of immunglobins?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

26. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

27. Liver and lymphoid tissue
Where are immunoglobins made?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

28. 5-7
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs

29. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What does VWF test evaluate?

30. Whatever the bird weighs - 1% of that body weight is what you can safely draw (Ex- 3 ml from a 300g bird)
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

31. Maintains osmotic pressure
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What is the function of albumin?
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

32. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

33. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

34. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What is plasma?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

35. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What is the function of immunglobins?

36. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What color is a 16ga needle?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?

37. Dif Quick - DipStat - Wright's stain
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What are the blood types of a cat?

38. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the definition of PCV?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

39. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
what WBC do mast cells resemble
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

40. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What does the test thrombin time detect?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?

41. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

42. Ehrlichia sp.
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

43. No - but it is not ideal
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

44. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
What is plasma?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

45. Lymphosarcoma
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

46. Not mixing upon intro - slow draw - dinking around - traumatic venipuncture
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT

47. Vasoconstriction and further platelet aggregation (overall goal is to get more platelets to that area)
What is a serum separator tube?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

48. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?

49. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What is the definition of PCV?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?

50. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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