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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fibrin clot
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What are 3 effects of EPO?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

2. Target cell
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
chromatin
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

3. Blood glucose
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?

4. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?
What are the types of BM sample?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

5. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
What are the 3 functions of platelets
List the order of Platelet production
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is dysproteinemia?

6. That the blood is compatible with recipient
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What does BMBT evaluate
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

7. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is a serum separator tube?

8. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

9. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What does BMBT evaluate

10. oval
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the blood types of a cat?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

11. VWB factor
Adhesion requires what factor?
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the stimulus for platelets

12. 72 hours; thrombocytopenia; no; because the platelets aggregate
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

13. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is an example of decreased production?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

14. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

15. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Define polycythemia

16. Empty package of negate stain
What does a RTT contain?
granule
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
vacuoles

17. Mononuclear Phagocytic System -Intravascular Hemolysis
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?

18. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What does the FDP test detect?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What are the blood types of a cat?

19. Megakaryocyte
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

20. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

21. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is plasma?
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is contained in the buffy coat?

22. CBC in birds and reptiles
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What color is a 18ga needle?

23. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

24. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Avian basophils do not have a...

25. Shaking - too small needle with too much negative back pressure - rocker tray too long - water in syringe - freezing and thawing - squirting into tube - spinning too fast or too long
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What color is a 16ga needle?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

26. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

27. Biliary stasis - carotenes - ev hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

28. Pink granules
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

29. Hypoxia
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What is the stimulus for platelets

30. hereditary or acquired
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?

31. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

32. Contact activation
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

33. Lymphosarcoma
Define artifact
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

34. Blood gases
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

35. 200 -000-500 -000/microliter; 200 -000-500 -000/microliter
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is an example of decreased production?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

36. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

37. Coverslips
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

38. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

39. Jugular- 20ga
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

40. Enzymes and non enzymes factors - -calcium - tissue factors - vitamins
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is an example of loss of RBC

41. 3 times
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is the specific use for BTT?

42. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

43. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

44. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
Avian basophils do not have a...
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

45. Degree of the difference
What is the method for ACT?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

46. Kidney
Fibrinogen > __________
What color is a 25ga needle?
What organ produces EPO?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

47. Anisocytosis
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

48. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

49. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

50. High calorie - high glucose treat (Ad or regular diet with Karo syrup poured on top)
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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