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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Primary hemostasis and plt number
What organ produces EPO?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What does plt count evaluate?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

2. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

3. no body
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

4. A - B - AB - most cats are type A
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What are the blood types of a cat?

5. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

6. Dog
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
Define absolute
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are the 3 components of blood?

7. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
List the order of Platelet production
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

8. Hypoxia w/o anemia and glucocorticoids
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

9. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
During gestation is TP high or low?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia

10. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
At birth is TP high or low

11. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

12. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

13. Blood loss and dehydration
Fibrinogen > __________
What is the specific use for BTT?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

14. blood
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What does VWF test evaluate?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...

15. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.

16. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?

17. Low - it takes 6-12 months to build up
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
At birth is TP high or low

18. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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19. Iron deficiencies and Japanese Akitas
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

20. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
vacuoles
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

21. w/o anemia
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

22. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

23. Increase in RBCs
Define polycythemia
What color is a 22ga needle?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?

24. Increase at the same time
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is an example of decreased production?

25. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

26. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is an example of loss of RBC
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

27. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

28. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?

29. No - but it is not ideal
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

30. 100
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

31. clump together
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
Thrombocytes tend to...
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

32. Canaries - lovebirds - and chickens
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

33. Primary hemostasis
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What does BMBT evaluate

34. Morbillivirus sp
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

35. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

36. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

37. Primary granules; no
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is TP measured in?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

38. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

39. Cow; dusty purple grey
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

40. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

41. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

42. Not mixing the sample
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?

43. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

44. Oxyglobin
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

45. Size - shape - and number
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is the function of albumin?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Platelet morphology includes...

46. Sepsis - disease transmission - allergic reactions to foreign proteins - circulatory overload - hypothermia
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

47. Basophilic stippling
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

48. Leptocyte
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
During secretion What does PF3 do?

49. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

50. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What is dysproteinemia?
What does VWF test evaluate?