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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

2. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
MCV

3. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?

4. clump together
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
Thrombocytes tend to...
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood

5. Prothrombinase
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

6. Perform 2 or more of the test
Define absolute
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

7. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

8. Macrophages
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are the types of BM sample?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

9. Pink granules
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
granule

10. > 10lb - PCV > 30-35% - current on vx - only indoor cat
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

11. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the specific use for BTT?

12. But temporary
A vascular spasm is immediate...
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________

13. Jugular- 20ga
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What does plt count evaluate?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

14. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

15. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What color is a 25ga needle?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?

16. Liver Failure - DIC
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
Where does protein originate from?

17. 3-6%
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

18. PO
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is an example of loss of RBC
vacuoles

19. Increase
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?

20. No only one; report out toxic neutrophil for all presentations
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is TP measured in?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

21. Iatrogenic
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What are the 3 functions of platelets
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Fibrinolysis is...

22. Genetic material in the nucleus
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the definition of PCV?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
chromatin

23. Hemolysis and clot
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

24. Increase in RBCs
Define polycythemia
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

25. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

26. Decreased concentration: over hydration
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

27. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is an example of loss of RBC

28. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the indications for BM sampling

29. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

30. Ehrlichia sp.
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

31. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

32. Thrombopathias and vascular
What is this the test of choice for?
vacuoles
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia

33. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Define polycythemia
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

34. To observe for transfusion reactions
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What are the indications for BM sampling
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

35. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
MCHC
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

36. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

37. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
MCH
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

38. Degree of the difference
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

39. segmented nucleus
Avian basophils do not have a...
What is another name for a blister cell?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
What is fibrinolysis?

40. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

41. Deficiency of vitamin K - Liver Dz/Failure - DIC
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

42. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?

43. VWB
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
vacuoles
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field

44. 2 years at room temperature
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

45. Hemorrhage- good for oxygen increasing and volume expansion
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

46. Detects decreases in fibrinogen and thrombin inhibition from FDPs
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What does the test thrombin time detect?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?

47. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

48. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
List the order of Platelet production
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

49. Recycle old RBCs - engulf bacteria - clean up any major messes
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What do monocytes do?
Adhesion requires what factor?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

50. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?