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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hemophila A and VWD- maintenance
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

2. To avoid introduction of tissue thromboplastin in your sample and clotting
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

3. 35 days if kept at 1-6 degrees celsius in CPDA; oxygen carrying capacity - anemic normovolemic - anemic hypovolemic in conjunction with crystalloids
What are dohle bodies?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

4. Echinocytes
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?

5. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

6. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

7. Vacuoles
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is the method for ACT?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
All cells can get...

8. Degree of the difference
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

9. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Thrombocytes tend to...
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....

10. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
What organ produces EPO?

11. To help increase BP to place a catheter or if you cant give IV
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

12. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

13. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?

14. 3 times
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?

15. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?

16. Torocytes
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

17. Changes the color of mm or urine; no; because the mm and urine change to an opaque brown color Which is the color of the Oxyglobin
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
Thrombocytes tend to...

18. oval
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is plasma?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus

19. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What is the specific use for BTT?

20. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the types of BM sample?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........

21. 37-55% - 30-45%
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
The RBC morphology includes...
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

22. Horse
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is a WBC tumor?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

23. Hemorrhage
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is an example of loss of RBC

24. 5-7
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?

25. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

26. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals

27. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is an example of decreased production?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?

28. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

29. lymphosarcoma
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
Platelet morphology includes...
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...

30. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?

31. Protrusion will be very dark in color
During gestation is TP high or low?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

32. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

33. Neutrophil; 6 hours; 2-2.5x
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

34. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH

35. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example

36. Increase at the same time
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What is the tx for RBC tumor
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.

37. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What does BMBT evaluate

38. Contact activation
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___

39. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?

40. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the function of protein?
What organ produces EPO?

41. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?

42. Myelocyte; yes
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What is another name for a blister cell?
What color is a 20ga needle?
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?

43. Dog
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?

44. Cat
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?

45. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

46. Hypochromic
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What is the function of immunglobins?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?

47. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What does VWF test evaluate?

48. Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia - dohle bodies - cytoplasmic vacuolization - toxic azurophilic granules
What are 3 effects of EPO?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What are the 4 presentations of toxic neutrophils

49. Immatures - hypersegmented neutrophils - pyknosis; toxic neutrophils
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?
What are the 3 components of blood?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

50. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What does hemosiderin look like?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB