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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Round to oval; ameboid
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?

2. Primary granules; no
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What organ produces EPO?

3. Inconsistent - small - and irregular
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

4. Metamyelocyte
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

5. PPSC differentiates into a rubriblast -Increase in hemoglobin synthesis -Early release of immature RBCs if needed
What happens during aggregation
What are 3 effects of EPO?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

6. Thrombocytosis
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

7. Cutaneous ulnar vein (raptors/fowl)- <25ga - medial metatarsal vein- <25ga - jugular- <25ga
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What does a RTT contain?

8. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the method for BMBT?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

9. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
What is this the test of choice for?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

10. VWB
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

11. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

12. lymphosarcoma
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

13. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?

14. Microcytic
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What does a mature avian RBC look like

15. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Define relative
chromatin
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

16. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

17. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

18. Leukocytopenia or leukopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Defects of hemostasis can be..

19. Blue
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Adhesion requires what factor?
What color is a 22ga needle?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

20. Eccentrocyte
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
What is fibrinolysis?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is another name for a blister cell?

21. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

22. Grey
What color is a 16ga needle?
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

23. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What are the types of BM sample?
Where does protein originate from?

24. Not making blood film ASAP - glucocorticoids - inherited
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?

25. Lymphosarcoma
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

26. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

27. Jugular- 20ga
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?

28. Slow- 0.11 ml/#/minute for the first 15 minutes
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?
All cells can get...
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

29. Common Common Pathway Substances: Prothrombin > _______
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

30. Mean Corpuscular Hb Concentration - gives us the amount of Hb
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What do monocytes do?
What is an example of increased destruction?

31. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

32. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What does ACT evaluate?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

33. BTT
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?

34. Blood gases
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

35. Perform 2 or more of the test
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
Defects of hemostasis can be..
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?

36. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What is the function of protein?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
Define artifact
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?

37. The fluid portion of anticoagulated blood
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is plasma?

38. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
Fibrinolysis is...
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

39. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

40. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...
Define artifact
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

41. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
Define artifact
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

42. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

43. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

44. Monolayer on 40x
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis

45. Hemolysis and clot
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

46. 6 -000-17 -000/microliter; 5 -500-19 -500/microliter
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

47. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
What color is a 22ga needle?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

48. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

49. Macrophages
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?

50. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
Thrombocytes tend to...
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?