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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. The preceding factor
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

2. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What type of count can we do to determine bone marrows response to anemia
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...

3. Aggregate
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the 2 main proteins?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

4. Lymphocyte - monocyte
Name the 2 agranulocytes
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?

5. Fuzzy - hairy - appear to have tentacle or strings coming off of it which means they are reactive platelets
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

6. Yes b/c they spill into the bloodstream
What are some causes of BM failure
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
What happens during aggregation
What is the function of albumin?

7. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
list 3 venipuncture sites in a bird and the needle size for each

8. Ghost cell
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

9. Between endothelial cells; they sit until demand from tissue
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell

10. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is a serum separator tube?

11. Room temperature
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

12. Heparin - histamine - and eosinophilic chemotactic factor
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What do the granules of a mast cell contain
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

13. Trypanosoma sp
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

14. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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15. That the blood is compatible with recipient
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?

16. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What is the function of albumin?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?

17. Less reactions - more cost effective - better use of donors
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What are the indications for BM sampling

18. Normocytic
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

19. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is TP measured in?

20. Heterophil
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?

21. Sick stressed cats due to lack of enzymes
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

22. Increase at the same time
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
What does BMBT evaluate
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

23. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
Fibrinolysis is...

24. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?

25. Nonimmunologic and immunologic; immunologic
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What does a RTT contain?

26. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

27. Cat
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What is the method for BMBT?
MCH

28. Vacuoles
All cells can get...
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

29. Jugular- 18ga
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

30. SQ
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

31. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
During gestation is TP high or low?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

32. Round to oval; ameboid
What is the method for ACT?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

33. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

34. Schistocytes
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?

35. lymphosarcoma
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

36. Around the heart and spinal cord seen in dairy cattle
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
Define artifact
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?

37. Spherocyte
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?

38. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What is a WBC tumor?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

39. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What does the plt estimate evaluate?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

40. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
Thrombocytes tend to...
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.

41. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

42. Swine - 3-3.5 inches long
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
Adhesion requires what factor?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

43. Prostaglandins in cell wall - bacterial products - infectious and non-infectious inflammatory processes
What is the biggest error in hematology?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?

44. Pink
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What color is a 20ga needle?

45. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.

46. High - because hormones trigger a hyper immune state.
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
During gestation is TP high or low?
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?

47. Morbillivirus sp
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

48. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?

49. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
Thrombocytes tend to...

50. No - but it is not ideal
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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