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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
During gestation is TP high or low?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

2. Nodular: walled off - diffuse: deep in tissues
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?

3. True deviation in the amount
Define absolute
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

4. Jugular- 18ga - tail vein- 20 or 18ga
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

5. Ad: speedy collection - no exchange of glass into blood; dis: cell trauma d/t vacuum - breakable - glass activates coagulation factors - component separation more difficult
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
What is fibrinolysis?
What is the advantage of a glass bottle technique? disadvantages?

6. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
All cells can get...
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....

7. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
The lymphocyte is the most dominant WBC in...
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?

8. Saline wash
What organ produces EPO?
What is an example of decreased production?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?
T/F myelodysplasia and erythodysplasia have...

9. Howell-Jolly Bodies
What does ACT evaluate?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?

10. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

11. w/o anemia
What is the specific use for BTT?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

12. Anisocytosis
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
MCV
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

13. Primary hemostasis and plt number
What does plt count evaluate?
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Platelet morphology includes...

14. Bleed them out
What is plasma?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the tx for RBC tumor

15. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Define polycythemia
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

16. Structural matrix - ground work for a cell - acts as transporters and carriers
What color is a 20ga needle?
What is the function of protein?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs

17. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What is this the test of choice for?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

18. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
Adhesion requires what factor?

19. Dog
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

20. Small quantities - more fragile cells -RBC are nucleated -Thrombocytes instead of platelets -Polychromasia is common -Heterophils replace neutrophils -Basophils are non segmented
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

21. .98mls to .02mls
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

22. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Define artifact
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

23. segmented nucleus
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Avian basophils do not have a...
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

24. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What does the FDP test detect?

25. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?

26. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
How long is platelet rich plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient? Do you refrigerate it? Why?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size

27. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What is TP measured in?
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

28. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?

29. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

30. 450 mls; 56 mls
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation

31. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

32. Clot that breaks off from its origin place and lodges somewhere else
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds
Define thromboembolic disorder
What are the types of BM sample?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?

33. But temporary
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What test could be done to differentiate between rouleaux and agglutination?

34. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

35. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?

36. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What granulocyte stage has a kidney bean shaped nucleus?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

37. Black ring has a smaller diameter
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?

38. Water - its function is thermoregulation - lubrication - transporter and chemical reactions
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

39. New Anemia -Decrease production anemia
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

40. Jugular- 20ga
What is TP measured in?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?

41. Antigen or foreign protein
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
What color is a 16ga needle?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

42. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What are 3 effects of EPO?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

43. Thrombin - platelets
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking

44. Liver and lymphoid tissue
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
Where are immunoglobins made?
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?

45. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
List the order of Platelet production
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?

46. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

47. Cat
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Why would we want an atraumatic venipuncture?

48. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What is an example of increased destruction?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?

49. BM aspirate or BM core biopsy
What are the types of BM sample?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What do monocytes do?
What does BMBT evaluate

50. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
Define relative
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs