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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

2. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

3. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What does the FDP test detect?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

4. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?

5. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is a WBC tumor?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...

6. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

7. Fill a DET tube - gently mix - set timer - keep in warm spot - check tube every 10 sec until clot forms stop timer
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
What is the method for ACT?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

8. CBC
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the specific use for LTT?

9. 1 year; bleeding disorders (hemophila) - gives passive immunity (Parvo)
At birth is TP high or low
What organ produces EPO?
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
What oxidized drugs or chemicals can cause heinz bodies?

10. Maintains osmotic pressure
What is serum?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
What is the function of albumin?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

11. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What does the FDP test detect?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?

12. Hyperproteinemia - salt retention in CHF or iartrogenic
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

13. present in the blood
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________

14. Mycoplasma haemofelis (hemobartonella felis)
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What does ACT evaluate?

15. Anaplasma marginale
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

16. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
Adhesion requires what factor?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors

17. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What are some causes of BM failure
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.

18. VIII and vWB
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
Adhesion requires what factor?

19. Keratocyte
What is the specific use for GreyTT?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is fibrinolysis?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.

20. No - but it is not ideal
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

21. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What are some examples of immunologic?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
All cells can get...
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...

22. Band
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?

23. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?

24. VWB
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?

25. Poikilocytosis
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

26. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is the normal range of a TP for a dog? a cat?
What does ACT evaluate?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

27. Free or Unbound TPO
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the stimulus for platelets

28. Jugular- 18ga
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
Which species is the only species in which we evaluate the central pallor?

29. But temporary
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
A vascular spasm is immediate...
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?

30. Torocytes
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
Define absolute
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

31. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is the specific use for LTT?

32. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?

33. Black ring has a smaller diameter
What is the difference between a red ring and a black ring hematocrit tube?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

34. Normocytic
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Fibrinogen > __________
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

35. EDTA blood causes mycoplasma to fall off of RBCs making it harder to see.
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

36. Cytauxzoon sp.
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

37. Hyperchromic
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?
Define absolute

38. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

39. Vacuoles
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
All cells can get...

40. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
What does a RTT contain?
This RBC inclusion looks like small round dots that stain bluish - seen in dogs with lead poisoning.
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?

41. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

42. PSS; RBC wash; removes non-erythrocytic antigens from blood
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

43. Nutrients - minerals - hormones - and proteins all maintain homeostasis. electrolytes do action potentials. and enzymes function is catalyst.
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each

44. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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45. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What are dohle bodies?
What is the method for BMBT?

46. Band neutrophil
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

47. 39-55 -30-36
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
What is the stimulus for monocyte production?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?
Defects of hemostasis can be..

48. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

49. Decreased concentration: over hydration
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?

50. G/ld - rounded to the nearest 0.2
What is TP measured in?
What color is a 25ga needle?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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