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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Liver and lymphoid tissue
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
An example of an inherited primary hemostasis defect (vascular part) is........
Where are immunoglobins made?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

2. In bone marrow; metamyelocytes and bands
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

3. Lymphocyte; resting memory cell; in lymph nodes
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What does the FDP test detect?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?

4. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
Why is it good to know what blood components that your patient needs?
Fibrinogen > __________

5. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What are some side effects to Oxyglobin? Are these side effects anything to worry about? why?

6. Leukocytozoon spp
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What avian parasite am i describing... in RBC and WBC - round to elongated with gross host cell distortion and flattening of host nucleus along on side of cell
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

7. Nulcear characteristics and cytoplasmic characteristics
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
The WBC morphology includes...
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

8. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is an example of increased destruction?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?

9. Budding and Cytoplasmic Demarkation
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are the 2 types of histological patterns?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
What 2 ways does a platelet form?

10. Prothrombinase
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

11. Room temperature
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

12. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?

13. Coverslips
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

14. Partial thromboplastin time - prothrombin time - VWF test - thrombin time - FDPs
What is an example of decreased production?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

15. Hypochromic
Barney the dog has a MCHC of 19 - What term will I use for evaluation?
which animal would you use a 16ga needle in? How long is the needle?
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
At birth is TP high or low

16. TPR - MM - CRT - PCV - TP
What is the mech. of relative hypoproteinemia and an exampl?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

17. Oxyglobin
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Fibrinolysis is...

18. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

19. Microcytic
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

20. Red
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is the function of albumin?

21. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are the 3 components of blood?

22. Perform 2 or more of the test
Define artifact
What are the 3 mechanisms of anemia?
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
What are the 2 main proteins?

23. w/o anemia
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?
What is the specific use for BTT?

24. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
Platelet morphology includes...

25. Red ring - blue ring - and black ring tubes
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?

26. EDTA Which binds with calcium preventing coagulation
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?

27. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
What is a serum separator tube?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
How many times do you repeat the RBC wash?

28. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the normal range of a PLT ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

29. Low - it takes 6-12 months to build up
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
At birth is TP high or low

30. 5 minutes at 6000 rpm
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What are some examples of nonimmunologic?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

31. hereditary or acquired
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What does the FDP test detect?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
Defects of hemostasis can be..

32. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the indications for BM sampling
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?

33. Hypoxia
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
Fibrinolysis is...

34. Bleed them out
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal RBC count?
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
What is the tx for RBC tumor
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

35. Cytoplasm appears to have a more blue color than usual
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What does hemosiderin look like?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...

36. Membrane bound package of chemicals
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
granule
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia

37. Blue
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What color is a 22ga needle?
When would you use Cryopercipitate on your patient?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

38. Round to oval nucleus with smudged chromatin; high N:C
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?
What is the function of protein?

39. Red ring and black ring hematocrit tubes
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

40. Actually fibrinogen increases before WBCs increase
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is fibrinolysis?

41. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
MCH
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
This cell looks like a punched out cell.
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

42. Cellular - acellular - and fluid
What are the 3 components of blood?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What do you look for to identify a lymphocyte?

43. Cow; dusty purple grey
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What are some examples of immunologic?
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What is the plt dervided growth factor?

44. B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes; B are used for antibody production; T are used for hypersensitivity reactions - elimination of intracellulaar organisms - elimination of abnormal tissues
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?

45. Dark purple-magenta granular inclusions in the cytoplasm; endotoxins - toxicemia
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?

46. Blood chemistries
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
During secondary hemostasis What is formed to stabilize the primary hemostatic plug?
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

47. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What is the definition of PCV?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

48. IV catheter; IO or IP
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

49. Calculated a corrected WBC ct.
Where should you place your BTT sample if it is going to be looked at in <6 hours? in >6 hours?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?

50. 60-70 -30-36
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?
Fibrinolysis is...