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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What are dohle bodies?
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

2. Liver
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?

3. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

4. But temporary
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
What are the 2 main proteins?

5. Hemosiderin - erythrophagocytosis; IMHA
What is another name for a blister cell?
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus

6. Anatomical distribution - histologic pattern - and cytologic pattern
What happens during aggregation
What are the classifications of lymphoid tumors?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

7. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each

8. PPSC - Rubriblast - Prorubricyte - Rubricyte - Metarubricyte - Polychromatophilic - Mature RBC
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
There are 2 types of lymphocytes What are their names? What are each used for?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

9. Hypoxia
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

10. Deep basophilic cytoplasm with a perinuclear halo; mammals and exotics in peripheral blood smears
Name the 3 granulocytes
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
What is a reactive lymph look like? What animals are they seen in?
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.

11. PO - IV - SQ - IP - IO
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
What is the shelf life of Oxyglobin?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis

12. Jar 1- wright's stain - set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 2 - buffer with 1 pipette of wright's stain- set slide in jar for 1 min - jar 3 - distille water - dip slide into jar 7-10 one sec dips

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13. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

14. w/o anemia
What happens during aggregation
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

15. Oxylate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation.
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?
What are the indications for BM sampling
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?

16. 450 mls; 56 mls
Define absolute
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

17. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

18. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
What color is a 22ga needle?

19. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

20. Citrate intoxication- cardiac standstill - tremors - arrhythmias
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
What can happen if you use Na Citrate in high volumes when storing donor blood?

21. Protrusion will be very dark in color
chromatin
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB

22. Jar 1- fixative- 5 one second dips jar 2 -eosinophilc - 5 one second dips jar 3 - basophilic - 7-10 one second dips
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?

23. EDTA because you wont have stainging variation
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?

24. Thrombocytopenia
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What color is a 25ga needle?
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

25. Azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm
Where is the maturation pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally

26. Primary and secondary hemostasis specifically VWF and factor VIII
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
What does VWF test evaluate?

27. 1.1 - 1.2 - and 7
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
What erythoroocyte antigens must a dog be lacking to be a universal donor?
The RBC morphology includes...

28. Hemotomas - bleeding into muscle joints/body cavities and delayed bleeding after venipunture
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What some send out tests that could be run for bleeding disorders?
Clinical signs of a secondary hemostasis defect are.....
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?

29. Coagulation studies
What is the specific use for BTT?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?
What do you look for to identify a basophil
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?

30. Increase
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?

31. Stimulates and amplifies the coagulation cascade (or secondary hemostasis)
What are some causes of BM failure
What are the blood types of a cat?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
During secretion What does PF3 do?

32. Band
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?

33. 1.000
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
Name the 3 granulocytes

34. SQ
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
What is the most common neoplasia of lymph nodes?
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

35. IV
What do you look for to identify a basophil
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Define artifact
What are the 2 causes of secondary absolute polycythemia?

36. Seg
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are some examples of immunologic?

37. Promoters - inhibitors
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
List two ways the body gets rid of old RBCs
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?

38. The preceding factor
You must filter blood products by one of What two ways?
What are MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the dog?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?
What are some examples of soluble coagulation factors?? Cofactors??

39. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
Define relative
What are some causes of BM failure
What avian WBC am I describing.....typically rod-shaped - eosinophilic granule which partially or completely obscure the nucleus
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

40. CBC
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What is the specific use for LTT?

41. Mean Corpuscular Volume - gives us the size of RBCs
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Define polycythemia
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

42. Cytoplasm appears to have a more blue color than usual
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

43. Lymphocyte - monocyte
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
Name the 2 agranulocytes
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

44. 2 gtts donor plasma and 2 gtts recipient RBC suspension
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
In the minor reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

45. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
All cells can get...
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

46. Primary Hemostasis - platelet plug -Stimulate Secondary Hemostasis - Fibrin clot -Secrete
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
During gestation is TP high or low?
What are the 3 functions of platelets

47. Dog-88ml/kg - cat- 66ml/kg
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology

48. To observe for transfusion reactions
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What is the normal range of a WBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.

49. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What color is a 16ga needle?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?

50. Keratocyte
What 2 ways does a platelet form?
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
What are dohle bodies?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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