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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Jugular- 20ga - cephalic- 22ga - recurrent tarsal/lateral saphenous- 25ga direct draw from patient
List 3 venipuncture sites in the dog and the needle size for each
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
Define artifact
What is the definition of PCV?

2. Abnormal protein measurement in blood
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What is dysproteinemia?
What are the 3 parts of the platelet plug?
What are some common causes of Normochromic Normocytic Non-Regenerative Anemia?

3. Neovascularization
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
Which anticoagulant is best to use when using blood to make a smear?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

4. Dark - dense segmented nucleus
What is an example of decreased production?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______

5. Hemolysis and clot
What is the name of the granulocyte stage that has secondary granules? are they committed?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?

6. Trypanosoma sp
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?

7. Mix equal parts of EDTA whole blood and NMB -Incubate 10-20 min -Make Blood Film -View on 100x -Count 1000 RBC - tally retics
Define relative
What does VWF test evaluate?
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
What does plt count evaluate?

8. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
What are two stains used in staining blood films?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is contained in the buffy coat?

9. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
What is an example of decreased production?
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What is TP measured in?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

10. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
What is the definition of PCV?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Lucy the dog has a MCV of 75 - What term will I use for evaluation?

11. NRBC
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?
The WBC morphology includes...

12. Dog
MCHC
During gestation is TP high or low?
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

13. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
When looking at the body on 10x What are you looking for?
What is in each jar in the Dif Quick stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

14. PLTs - WBCs - NRBCs - and microfilaria
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What are dohle bodies?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?

15. 15-45%; 55-85%; 0-5%; rare
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
are mast cell tumors easy to diagnose in house? if so why?

16. Prothrombinase
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

17. Horse
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
Where does protein originate from?
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
Microsytosis is often seen in...

18. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is TP measured in?
Hemostasis is the complex - overlapping series of physiological and biochemical events which involve both _______ and ________ of coagulation
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______

19. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are the normal ranges for ACT?

20. PCV - TP - Plasma evaluation - directly from patient
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?

21. Thrombocytopenia
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
Define polycythemia
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT

22. Brown-gold inclusions due to iron deposits within the cytoplasm
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.
What does hemosiderin look like?
What is contained in the buffy coat?
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?

23. Appears adequate = between 8-30 per field appears decreased = fewer than 8 per field
When noting the number of platelets - What are the ranges and names?
Which species has uniform small round refractile eosinophil granules?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

24. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
What are the two types of transfusion reactions? Which one is a rejection of RBC antigens?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?

25. Hemoproteus spp
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

26. Vacuoles in cytoplasm with foaminess- can see pits on 100x
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?

27. Soluble coagulation factors - cofactors
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What are the 3 functions of platelets

28. Pink
What is the function of albumin?
What color is a 20ga needle?
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
What is dysproteinemia?

29. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
What are the 2 categories of errors in collection of CBC/LTT?
Platelet morphology includes...
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What are some causes of BM failure

30. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
Define artifact
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
During secretion What does PF3 do?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

31. Petechia - ecchymosis - bleeding from mm - bleeding out after venipuncture
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What are the blood types of a cat?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

32. Mycoplasma haemoncanis
What is the plt dervided growth factor?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is your end patient observation if the blood is not compatible?
What do the granules look like in a dog - horse - or cow basophil?

33. Stimulated by sympathetic nerves - causes constriction of smooth muscle.
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...
What is the specific use for LTT?

34. normally very balanced activators vs inhibitors
This cell looks like an empty RBC membrane and is usually an indication of IVH
What is the biggest error in hematology?
Fibrinolysis is...
What is the specific use for GreyTT?

35. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
In the control reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?

36. Thrombopathias and vascular
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is this the test of choice for?

37. Thrombin - platelets
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
Thrombocytes tend to...
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors

38. Stomatocyte
What is the stimulus for platelets
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?

39. Red
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What color is a 25ga needle?
What is a hemopoetic neoplasia?
Name the 2 agranulocytes

40. Cow; dusty purple grey
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

41. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What does the FDP test detect?
What is the function of protein?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens

42. VWB
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What is the stimulus for platelets
This is seen with canine distemper virus and can be present on WBC - RBC - epithelial cells - would be in Plts but wont be able to see.
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

43. Heparin and 3.8% Na Citrate
What color is a 20ga needle?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.

44. Lymphocyte; they clone themselves before they die
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
The RBC morphology includes...
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

45. Oval with raisin-like nucleus
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
What does a mature avian RBC look like
At birth is TP high or low

46. Cardiomyopathy in cats and HWD in dogs
What are the 2 cytoplasmic changes in the monocyte? They individually or together are pathognomonic signs of what?
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
What is the function of albumin?
What is an example of decreased production?

47. Red (hemolytic) - yellow (icteric) - and white (lipemic)
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the three abnormal colors you would see on a plasma evaluation?

48. Acanthocytes
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______

49. VWB factor
Adhesion requires what factor?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects

50. If buffer gets into the stain jar the slide will not stain correctly

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