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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Increase production: inflammation - IMDz
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is the specific use for Red Ring Hematocrit?

2. Ameboid nucleus with lacy chromatin; +/- vacuoles; low N:C
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

3. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
This RBC inclusion looks like single very dark round spot on routine stain.
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What is the specific use for LTT?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

4. Pink granules
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?

5. Plastic bag - glass bottle - syringe
What other cell is counted in the WBC ct (other than WBCs)?
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
When looking at the monolayer on 10x What are you looking for?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

6. Stage 1: one organ stage 2: stage 1 + regional lymph nodes stage 3: stage 2 + all lymph nodes stage 4: stage 3 + liver and spleen stage 5: stage 4 + BM and blood
What is an example of decreased production?
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
What is a serum separator tube?

7. Roughened endothelium - protein C deficiency - and nephrotic syndrome
What do you look for to identify a neutrophil?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?
This RBC inclusion looks like a clear nipple like protrusion on the outer edge.

8. WBC distribution - platelet clumping - abnormal cells - and microfilaria
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

9. Poikilocytosis
Why is it important that you use the appropriate thumb forceps when using wright's stain?
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?
Irregular shaped RBCs - this is the term used when other classifications do not describe the film.

10. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is in each jar in the Wright's stain and What is the procedure of each jar?
Give 4 examples of hemolysis errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

11. SQ
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
List at least 5 differences between avian and mammalian hematology
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

12. Secondary hemostasis specifically intrinsic and common pathways
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
Which species has uniform small rod eosinophil granules?
What does ACT evaluate?
Microsytosis is often seen in...

13. Megakaryocyte
What are some causes of BM failure
Define artifact
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?

14. Blue granules
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What do you look for to identify a basophil

15. Protrusion will be very dark in color
chromatin
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...

16. CBC
What is the specific use for LTT?
A vascular spasm is immediate...
These RBCs have more surface area than contents. Similar to a half full zip lock bag or look like they have wrinkles.
If an animal is 5-6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

17. Polychormatophilics
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What is the specific use for Blue Ring Hematocrit?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be icteric?

18. Non regenerative - unexplained leukopenia - unexplained thrombocytopenia - presence of abnormal immature cells in peripheral blood
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are some causes of BM failure
What color is a 16ga needle?
What are some disadvantages of Oxyglobin?

19. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

20. doesn't last that long
A platelet plug by itself is short lived and can only stop hemmorage but....
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What does the test thrombin time detect?

21. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
During secretion What does PF3 do?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?

22. Myelodysplasia
An avian blood film has a feathered edge - monolayer - and...
What does granular cytoplasm look like?
What is a WBC tumor?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

23. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
Who do we frequently see Heinz bodies in?
What does VWF test evaluate?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?

24. B/c eos produce anti histamine to counteract the histamine i the mast cell granules
What is the rule when testing for a plasma cell tumor?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?

25. Seg
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?
Fritz the cat - has an MCV of 45 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What are dohle bodies?

26. They increase
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What is the only cell that the production does not start with a PPSC? What cell does it start with? Where is this cell located in the body?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?

27. Macrophages
Microsytosis is often seen in...
What are 2 causes of roughened endothelium?
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin

28. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?

29. Distilled water on refractometer or an uncalbrated refractometer
What are dohle bodies?
What would be 2 causes of artifact hypoproteinemia?
List the venipuncture site in the horse and the needle size
What is the stimulus for platelets

30. Ad: non-breakable - no vacuum - no activation of coagulation factors - component separation is easier; dis: migration of plastic into blood - slower collection
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

31. Liver Failure - DIC
What are 2 examples of acquired fibrinolysis defects
For what cell do we have a 5 day supply in the marginating pool? What is their half-life? Turnover rate?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?

32. Macro - mega - shift - or giant
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
Clinical signs of primary hemostasis defects are.....

33. Grey
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is cytoplasmic vacuolization?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What color is a 16ga needle?

34. 2 syringe technique and multiple vacutainer tube technique
What are the causes of hypersegmented neutrophils?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What are the two types of techniques we could use when drawing blood?

35. (Hb x 100)/ PCV
MCHC
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size

36. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?

37. Extrinsic - Intrinsic - common
What is TP measured in?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

38. 3-6%
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?
Avian basophils do not have a...
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?

39. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?

40. DIC - Warfarin toxication; within 6 hours; platelets and clotting factors
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What solution do you add to RBCs to resuspend them when doing a crossmatch? What is the fluid portion called after you spin it again? Why is this step important?

41. Vascular part - platelet plug
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
When would you use whole blood transfusion on your patient?

42. Heparin which prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What type of anticoagulant is in a green top tube
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be lipemic?
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
why would we see an increase in eos on a BM aspirate with a patient with a mast cell tumor?

43. Monolayer on 40x
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What are 3 examples of acquired secondary hemostasis defects
What layer and what power objective do you use to do the differential?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

44. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
During fibrinolysis unbound plasmin in inactivated and bound plasmin hydrolyzes fibrin producing ______
These cells have irregular spicules that are uneven in size and distribution. Seen in dogs with liver disease.
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example

45. Yes
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
What is the definition of PCV?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

46. Leukocytosis with increased bands; leukopenia or degenerative left shift
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal platelet count?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...

47. Blue
Define relative
List 3 venipuncture sites in the cat and the needle size for each
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What color is a 22ga needle?

48. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
What are dohle bodies?
Does a clot error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Define relative
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?

49. 55-85%; 15-45%; 0-5%; rare
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
Fibrinogen increases during states of inflammation - in a dog and cat WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

50. Bone marrow toxin - kidney failure - iron defiency
What is the procedure for doing a retic count?
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
What is an example of decreased production?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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