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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Fixative- 3 1 sec dips - Eosinophilic- 5 1 sec dips - Basophilic- 10-20 dips
What is a serum separator tube?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What are the 2 main proteins?
Explain the Diff Quick staining technique for avian hematology

2. Immature - cleft or bleb; reactive - granular cytoplasm - plasma cell - mott cell
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen
What is the normal range for neutrophils and lymphocytes in a horse? monos and eos? basos?
What are the 2 nuclear changes in a lymphocyte? What is the 4 cytoplasmic changes?
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.

3. 60-90 sec for dogs - <65 sec for cats
What does MCV stand for and what will it tell us?
What are the normal ranges for ACT?
Hairball the cat has a MCV of 32 - What term will I use for the evaluation?
Fibrinogen and WBCs...

4. Prognosis and tx protocol
What anticoagulant is in a LTT or PTT?
What do you need to give to a cat or dog donor after you complete your blood collection?
Why do we stage lymphoid tumors?
0.9% NaCl only in the same line as...

5. Coverslips
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
If I see a variation in size of the RBCs What term will I use?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?

6. PCV - TP - skin tugor - CRT
What is TP measured in?
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?

7. Cells that are dead; have clumps of what used to be nucleus
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC
What is the stimulus for platelets
Define relative

8. BLV - bovine leukemia virus
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
How can an animal lose 50% of their blood volume and still be ok?

9. Prothrombin time
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
What virus in cattle can cause lymphosarcoma?
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
granule

10. Trypanosoma sp
What does plt count evaluate?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
What does hemosiderin look like?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?

11. Horse
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What does a RTT contain?
What species never releases immature RBCs early?

12. Amount is the same it just looks different (ex fish pond)
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
Define relative
What does the plt estimate evaluate?

13. Round to oval; ameboid
What are the 3 collection techniques for blood donation?
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a dog or cat? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
What are the in house tests that could be run to check for bleeding disorders?

14. II - VII - IX - X
What are the Vitamin K depended factors
All components necessary for intrinsic pathway are...
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?

15. Hyperchromic
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is this the test of choice for?
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?
What is the baseline information that you should obtain on your patient while the transfusion is taking place?

16. Circulating pool; mature granulocytes; 6-8 hours
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What pool is located in the peripheral blood? What is it comprised of? How long do they circulate?
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

17. Russel bodies in cytoplasm - constipated plasma cell - honeycomb appearing; only seen in birds and reptiles
What is a mott cell? What animals are they seen in?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What does the FDP test detect?
What are the Vitamin K depended factors

18. Hypoxia
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are the 3 nuclear changes in a neutrophil? What is the 1 cytoplasmic change?

19. ITP -DIC -Marrow problem (or kidney failure)
What are the 3 functions of platelets
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
Thrombocytopenia (Mech and Ex)-Increased destruction = ____ -Increased consumption = ______ -Decreased production = ________
What does PTT and PT evaluate?

20. Non- Regenerative -Regenerative
Define relative
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What type of granules are in a promyelocyte? are they committed?

21. They are only circulating in the blood for 2 hours (they leave bone marrow when mature - circulate for 2 hours - go to tissue and turn into macrophages)
What is the stimulus for platelets
What are the 3 types of hematocrit tubes?
Defects of hemostasis can be..
Why are monocyte numbers low in WBC differentials?

22. Increased concentration of amount of RBC ex: dehydration or splenic contraction
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is the mechanism of relative polycythemia and What is an example?
These cells are only seen in dogs with anemia and is pathognomonic with IMHA. Small round evenly stained.

23. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
The RBC morphology includes...
What 3 anticoagulants contain preservatives and What are their shelf lives?
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?

24. Ponctate Polka Dot Ribosomes More mature retic -Aggregate Clumped Ribosomes Younger retic
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What does BMBT evaluate
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

25. VIII and vWB
What are the MCV and MCHC normal ranges for the cat?
MCV
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?

26. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What infectious agent is seen in cattle with a tick infestation that causes severe anemia and icterus?
List the two types of retics along with there morphological and physiological characteristics

27. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
What are some causes of thromboembolic disorder?
What is dysproteinemia?
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

28. That the blood is compatible with recipient
Which species has uniform large round refractile eosinophil granules?
What is the most important trait of blood donation?
Mammalian hematology has platelets and avian hematology has ___________
What is a vascular spasm? (stimulated by ______ - causes constriction of ________)

29. Albumin and immunglobins
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What do you look for to identify a monocyte?
What are the 2 main proteins?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?

30. Must be >50lbs -PCV >40% - current on vx - mellow temperment
What avian parasite am I describing.... a horseshoe or halter-shaped organism partially encircling but not displacing the host RBC nucleus
What are the requirements for a canine blood donor?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?
What color is a 18ga needle?

31. Vascular part - platelet plug
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is the stimulus for lymphocyte production?
Thrombocytes tend to...
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?

32. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What is a serum separator tube?
What are dohle bodies?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
Fritz the cat has a MCHC of 40 - What term will I use for evaluation?

33. Prothrombinase
Cats and Birds only count _________ retics in the retic tally
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
1/4 of FeLV positive cats will develop...
What is the stimulus for platelets

34. Marrow failure and tumor staging
With the MPS - ___________ in the liver - spleen and bone marrow break down hemoglobin
What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in animals
What are the indications for BM sampling
In the major reaction of the crossmatch - What do you add together?

35. 3-6%
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
Fibrinogen measurment makes up what percent of the TP?
During secondary hemostasis each coagulation factor is converted to its active form by what?

36. Bleed them out
This infectious agent looks like a cracked egg - seen in dogs - transmitted by the tick and causes anemia - emaciation and anorexia.
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What are some test to do to determine what % an animal is dehdrated?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

37. In bone marrow; matures - +/- bands
Where is the storage pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

38. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What does the FDP test detect?
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.

39. High - because they lose the ability to retain water
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
FDPs have anticoagulant activity Which blocks _______ and inhibits _______ from sticking
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?

40. oval
Mast cells have a _____ nucleus
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What is the mech of relative hyperproteinemia and an example
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

41. Use simplate device to make an incision into upper lip - start timer - using filter paper dab site (dont wipe) every 10 seconds until bleeding stops. Normal range: 1-3min in dogs and cats
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in cattle? What type of cattle so we see it in?
Define absolute
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is the method for BMBT?

42. Monocyte with a RBC inside it due to the monocyte engulfing it
What does erythrophagocytosis look like?
What are the routes of fluid replacement?
what WBC do mast cells resemble
This causes a sever often fatal anemia in cats that are usually FeLv pos.

43. It does not contain an anticoagulant ;) so the blood will clot.
For the intrinsic pathway factors XII - XI - IX - VIII are activated by contact with collagen - endotoxin platelet products and other negatively charged substances. This process can be called ___ ___
The RBC morphology includes...
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What does a RTT contain?

44. 5-7
It take ___ days to see a response to anemia in the peripheral blood
What is the specific use for GreenTT?
What is fibrinolysis?
What color is a 18ga needle?

45. Dog
What are neutrophil nuclear immatures commonly referred to?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________
Which species has inconsistent eosinophil granules?
What are dohle bodies?

46. Slow- 0.11 ml/#/minute for the first 15 minutes
How many blood cells are counted when doing a WBC differential?
What is the specific gravity of distilled water?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
What is the initial rate of administration for a transfusion?

47. Primary absolute polycythemia and secondary absolute polycythemia
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
How many days does it take for the body to recognize that it is not its own blood?
What type of anticoagulant is in a grey top tube?

48. don't cause clots
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
Define artifact
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?

49. CBC in birds and reptiles
What is required for carboxylation in the liver?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
What is the specific use for Black Ring Hematocrit?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?

50. Obs = # retics/1000 x 100 COR = (Pt PCV/ Average PCV) x observed % Abs = # retics/1000 x RBC ct
What is the normal range of a PCV for a dog? a cat?
If there is 5 or more nRBCs in the on the blood film - what must you do?
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?

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Veterinary Hematology Technology

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