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Veterinary Hematology Technology

Subjects : health-sciences, veterinary

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Test for fibrinolysis specifically the amount of FDP
What does the FDP test detect?
What happens during aggregation
What are the 3 layers of a blood film?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?

2. To observe for transfusion reactions
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
These are cells that are spiculated with even small projections over the entire cell.
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?

3. It is the percent of a quantity of blood Which is made up of the red blood cells.
When would you use fresh whole blood transfusion on your patient? How many hours from time of collection for it to be considered fresh? What does it contain that makes it better?
Where in the body do we see lymphosarcomas in horses?
What are the normal blood volumes for the dog and cat?
What is the definition of PCV?

4. Causes an increase in RBCs. NO EPO involved.
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?
What are the examples for the cellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What is the side effect of glucocorticoids? Is EPO involved?
What is the #1 cause of hypervolemia

5. Peripheral Blood - Bone Marrow
Mature RBCs are normally seen in the ______ ______ and immature RBC are in the _______ _____.
How long is packed RBCs good for? When would you use it on your patient?
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What are 2 types of RBC tumors?

6. Primary Hemostasis- plt plug - Secondary Hemostasis- fibrin clot - Fibrinolysis- breakdown of clot
What are the 3 components of hemostasis
Why is the initial rate of administration slow?
Where is the marginating pool located in the body? What are the granulocytes doing in this pool?
What is a neutrophil commonly referred to as?

7. Acute- DIC - ruptured spleen - chronic- GI ulcers
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
What is pyknosis? What do they look like?
blood loss can be acute or chronic - What are some causes for acute? chronic?
What is the only cell that has the ability to recirculate? How do they do this?

8. Liver
EPO is involved with hypoxia...
What is the stimulus for RBC production?
FDPs are normally cleared by what?
What is the most dominant WBC in most birds

9. Thrombocytopenia
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal platelet count?
What are the 4 names that can be given to the size of larger than normal platelets?
An example of acquired primary hemostasis defects (platelet plug part) is...
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____

10. Blood chemistries
What test would be run using blood from a RTT?
In a geriatric patient is TP high or low?
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first

11. Liver function - immune status - hydrations - kidney function - and GI function
which hematocrit tubes contain heparin?
Where does protein originate from?
What are 3 reasons we evaluate TP?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?

12. Cat
What are 3 causes of hypervolemia
How long is fresh frozen plasma good for? When would you use it on your patient?
How many mls is one unit of blood for a dog?a cat?
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?

13. Something is mimicking what we are measuring
What are the 2 types of absolute polycythemia?
What two anticoagulants have no preservatives and have a shelf life of 24 hours?
What would a Heinz body look like stained in NMB
Define artifact

14. Shaking - too small a needle with too much neg. back pressure - intravascular hemolysis
What is one factor that could cause the plasma evaluation to be hemolytic?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
Where are immunoglobins made?
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?

15. Polychormatophilics
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
If you have a dog come in ADR and you need to draw blood with vacutainer - what order should you fill your tubes?
If an animal is anemic __________ will be seen in the peripheral blood
What is the ratio of PSS to Packed RBCs in the RBC suspension?

16. Tissue factor - prothrombinase
How long and At what rpm do you spin the hematocrit tube?
What are the indications for BM sampling
Extrinsic pathway requires a ____ _____ for activationand the end product is ___________
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion

17. PO
If an animal is under 4% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
Regarding the Absolute Retic Count.....< 60 -000 = ___________ > 60 -000 = ___________
Does the toxic neutrophil have to have all the presentation to be toxic? What would you report out for each presentation?
Describe a plasma cell. What animals are they seen in?

18. Fibrin clot
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What are the 2 parts of primary hemostasis
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
The final product of secondary hemostasis is a stable ____ _______ which seals larger blood vessel defects

19. Increase loss: hemorrhage - decrease production: liver failure - decrease consumption: starvation
What are the 3 mech. that cause absolute hypoproteinemia and give an example of each.
Endothelium and platelets produce What two factors?
In avian hematology blood films are commonly made with ________
Fatal tick transmitted disease to the domestic cat. Bobcat is host.

20. Not cleaning refractometer - drying of sample - inclusion of buffy coat
What would cause an artifact hyperproteinemia
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is the specific use for LTT?
What is the stimulus for platelets

21. Room temperature
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?
These are small fragments of a RBC. Can be seen in a patient with DIC - iron deficiency or heartworms.
What is the function of albumin?
An example of and inherited platelet function defect is ________ where platelets fail to adhere to subendothelial collagen

22. Sodium citrate Which binds with calcium to prevent coagulation
What does PTT and PT evaluate?
What type of anticoagulant is in a BTT
List 2 venipuncture sites in the cow and the needle size for each
What color is a 22ga needle?

23. Nuclear and cytoplasmic
This infectious agent can be seen in WBC and RBC. Tick transmitted. Inclusion looks similar to a plt.
What are the 3 components of blood?
What are the 2 morphologic changes of WBCs?
If the neutrophil nuclear immatures are high end of normal - what would you call this? low end of normal?

24. Drugs - DIC - Uremia
Platelet function defects are often acquired due to ___ - ______ - _______
What are some symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity?
RBC that has a pale colored mouth area and only seen in dogs with hereditary chondrodystrophy (dwarfish)
Fibrinolysis is...

25. Oxyglobin
What is the only species that has basophil granules uniform round pale blue gray?
___________ was discovered in the Veterinary field first
Name the 2 agranulocytes
What shape is the nucleus in a lymphocyte? a monocyte?

26. Thick blood b/c of excess proteins
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is hyperviscosity syndrome?
The end product of contact activation (or intrinsic pathway) is _______
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?

27. They increase
What are some examples of acellular components of blood and What are their functions?
What do lymphocytes do after vaccination or in young neonates?
What are the three pathways (limbs) of secondary hemostasis?
This can be seen in cattle - camel - sheep - goats - antelope - birds. Causes a veneral disease in horses.

28. Blast: lrg cell - mature: sm. cell - mixed: seen in horses commonly
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
What is the tx for RBC tumor
What are the 3 types of cytological patterns?
What is the specific use for GreenTT?

29. It is separated after 6 hours and fresh frozen is before 6 hours
Stored plasma is the same as fresh frozen plasma except For what?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
The goal of hemostasis is to basically maintain blood within vessels - but ...
What is the minimum temperature that you should warm the blood before administering it?

30. Factor VIII and von Willibrand (vWB) factor by endothelial cells
What two factors does the vascular part of primary hemostasis produce? And By what cells specifically?
What is a serum separator tube?
What tube is used for all the sent our tests except FDPs?
What does ACT evaluate?

31. Size - shape - color - and +/- inclusions
These cells look like an elmer fudd hat resulting from a blister or vacuole on the surface of the cell.
The RBC morphology includes...
Secondary hemostasis requires ___ _____ ____ and _______ in a cascade of conversion of inactive factors
Platelets are always irrregular in shape - but what would an abnormally shaped platelet look like?

32. In bone marrow; myeloblasts - promyelocytes - myelocytes
During secretion - TXA is released by platelets and causes what?
In ruminants - WBCs increase or decrease prior to fibrinogen increasing?
What does plt count evaluate?
Where is the proliferating or dividing pool located in the body? What is it comprised of?

33. Pink granules
Fibrinogen and WBCs...
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
Prothrombinase starts the _______ pathway Which is when the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways converge
What is a serum separator tube?

34. Band neutrophil
Give 2 examples of clot errors in collection of CBC/LTT
What is the definition of PCV?
What are 2 causes of hypovolemia?
What is the defining cell of inflammation?

35. Beter distribution/transport of oxygen - do not have to cross match
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?
What is the advantage of a plastic bag technique? disadvantages?
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
What are some infectious agents that you would test for in a dog before they could be a donor?

36. Anterior vena cava- 16ga 3-3.5 inches - ear vein- 21ga butterfly
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the mech of absolute hyperproteinemia and an example
What does BMBT evaluate
What are the requirements for a cat to be a donor?

37. Lrg clusters of plasma cells in BM aspirate -lytic bone lesion -monoclonal gammopathy -bence jones proteinuria
What are the stages of lymphoid tumors?
What is the term you use when there is a lower than normal WBC count?
What are the 4 tests used to diagnose a plasma cell tumor?
As a general rule - ____ is slightly better

38. Right shift; greater than 5 lobes
What is the only species that has color stained in the neutrophil granules? what color do they stain?
What is hypersegmented neutrophils commonly referred to? What must they have to be considered this?
Hemophilias A and B are examples of ______ secondary hemostasis defects - but are not very common in the veterinary field
What are the 2 main proteins?

39. Macrocytosis - Microcytosis
List 6 tests to evaluate RBCs
What is an example of the fluid component of blood?
____________ is often seen in ruminants with cobalt deficiencies and poodles with defective erythrogenesis
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

40. 10mls/# every 3 weeks; 5mls/# every 3-4 weeks
How much and how often can a dog donate blood? a cat?
What granulocyte has a nucleus that is uniformly plump and spread out?
What are toxic azurophilic granules? What can cause these?
Why would you give fluids IO or IP?

41. Jugular- 20ga
What is the function of immunglobins?
What is diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia?
list the venipuncture site in sheep and goats and the needle size
What are 3 examples of acquired primary hemostasis defects (vascular part)

42. Target cell
What are some causes of primary absolute polycythemia?
What is an easy way of remembering how much blood you can safely draw from a bird
These cells look like a bulls eye ______ and are commonly in polychromatophils
When viewing the monolayer on 100x What are you checking?

43. Hemorrhage
What is an example of loss of RBC
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each
What is the term you use when there is a higher than normal WBC count?
If I see unusually large RBCs what will I use? Unusually small RBCs?

44. Platelets develop filopodia with receptors and vWB - which causes them to stick to subendothelial collagen. As soon as they stick - they start releasing their granular contents
What are some advantages of Oxyglobin?
Briefly describe what happens during adhesion
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?
List the stages of RBC production starting with the PPSC

45. IV catheter; IO or IP
What is the Observed Retic Count Formula? Corrected Retic Count? Absolute Retic Count?
What is the best technique used to deliver donated blood into recipient? What if they were puppies/kittens
Does a hemolysis error in collection of CBC/LTT invalidate the sample?
A platelet is a cytoplasmic fragment of a __________

46. Grey
Why might you not want to use EDTA blood to view Mycoplasma haemofelis?
What does a mature avian RBC look like
What color is a 16ga needle?
When evaluating the size of RBCs we not only look at How many RBCs have a size difference but also the...

47. VIII and vWB
Which test is best to diagnose warfarin poisoning?
During the production of coagulation factors the liver can make all factors except part of factor ___ and _____
What are the 3 components of blood?
What is the normal range for neutrophils in a cow? lymphocytes? monos and eos? basos?

48. Lung deficit - asthma - altitude - PDA
Where are some sites to collect a BM sample?
What are some things that could cause a hypoxia w/o anemia?
What do you look for to identify an eosinophil?
When looking at the feathered edge on 10x What are two things you would be looking for?

49. RTT with gel like substance used to separate cells form serum
Judge the cells by the company that they keep is a...
What is a serum separator tube?
What do monocytes do?
list 2 venipuncture sites in the pig and the needle size for each

50. 5 -000 -000-10 -000 -000/microliter; 5 -000 -000-11 -000 -000/microliter
In What animals would you use the syringe technique?
What does MCHC stand for and what will it tell us?
If an animal is more than 6% dehydrated At what route should you give fluids?
What is the normal range of a RBC ct for a dog? a cat?