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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Working Capital = CA - CL - Working Capital TO = Rev/Avg. Working Capital - Fixed Asset TO = Rev/Avg Net Fixed Assets
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Activity Ratios
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
2. 1) Forecast GDP 2) Regress industry sales against GDP 3) Forecast industry sales 4) Cosider changes to firm's mkt share 5) Forecast firms sales 6) Use hisoric margins for stable firms or forecast individual expense items 7) Remove non-recurring items
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Income Tax Paid...
3. Income variability lower - Profitability early years (ROE - ROA & NI) is Higher - Profitability later years: lower - Total Cash Flows: Same - CFO: higher - CFI: Lower - Leverage ratios: D/E & D/A: lower - Opposite fore Expensing
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Depreciation Methods...
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
4. Exchange of goods or services between two parties (no cash) IASB: Revenue = FMV of similar non-barter transaction with unrelated parties FASB: Revenue = FMV only if the company has received cash payments for such services in the past
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Types of accounting changes...
5. Tax liability based on taxable income as per TAX Report/RETURN
Taxation: Tax Payable
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Simple capital structure
Auditor/Audit Opinion
6. Capital structure that contains NO potentially dillutive securities - (contains only c/s - nonconvertible debt - and nonconvertible pref. stock)
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Simple capital structure
Comprehensive income...
DBO Funded Status =
7. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Valuation allowance
B/S - Long-lived assets
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
8. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Income Statement
9. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Fraud Triangle
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Form 8-K...
10. Used when estimates of revenue or cost are unreliable or short-term contracts - (US GAAP only) Revenue - expense - and profit is recognized at completion (IFRS) Revenue is recognized to the extent of contract cost - cost are expensed when incureed
Disclosure for each segment...
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
Under Completed Contract Method...
11. 1) Responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls 2) Mgmt's framework for evaluating internal controls 3) Assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over the last operating period 4) Statement of auditor's attestment 5)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
12. 1) Evidence of an arrangement; 2) Completion of earnings process; 3) Price is determined or determinable; 4) Assurance of payment
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
B/S - Long-lived assets
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
13. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
14. Amount deductible in future tax return
Effective Tax Rate
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
DTA Issues
Tax base of an asset
15. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Antidilutive Securities
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
DTA Issues
16. IAS 39 Marketable securities - IAS 2 Inventories (LIFO prohibited) - IAS 16 PP&E - JV (IFRS: proportional consolidation) - IAS 38 Intangibles - IAS 18 & 11 Contruction Contracts - Extraordinary Items: Prohibited in IFRS - Cash Flow Statement
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
17. Change in equity from transactions from nonownership sources. Include: NI - chg in foreign currency translation adj. - chg in pension adj to funded status - chg unrealized gains/losses on derivatives contracts accounted for as hedges - chng in unrea
Types of accounting changes...
Comprehensive income...
Operating Lease
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
18. Decreases DTA -> Decreases Net Income - [Decrease in Valuation Allowance; Increase DTA and Increases Net Income]
Operating Lease
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Barriers to a single framework...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
19. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
20. GAAP: shown as a separate prepaid asset and amortized - IFRS: Deducted from proceeds and liability therefore effective interest rate is HIGHER under IFRS than GAAP.
Capitalization of Interest...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
CFI Analysis...
21. Diff. in depreciation methods/assumptions; Diff. in inventory methods/assumptions; Diff. in treatment of the effect of exchg rate chgs; Diff. in classifications of investment securities - Goodwill: Internally Generated DON'T capitalize - Purchased =
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Activity Based Restrictions
22. FASB & IASB -LT projects under contract - reliable estimates of revenue - cost and completion time -Rev - exp and profit are recognized in proportion to total cost incurred to date - divided by total expected cost.
% of Completion
Barriers to a single framework...
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Form 8-K...
23. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower CFF is higher
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
Valuation Allowance...
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
24. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
25. Carrying amount of the liability minus the amount that will be deductible in the future.
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Tax base on a liability
Cash Conversion Cycle =
26. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
CFO - Direct method
CFI Analysis...
Effective Tax Rate
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
27. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IASB - Goals
28. Low: P/E - P/CF - or P/S - High: ROE - ROA - growth rates of sales and earnings - Low: leverage
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Debt covenants
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
29. Interest Expense = Coupon + Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Activity Ratios
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Balance Sheet - formats
30. 1) Meet CFO (strategy; industry overview - accounting policy) 2) Tour major facilities 3) Vote on analyst recommendations (bus.& fin. risk) 4) Monitor publicly distributed ratings
Defined Contribution Plans
Revaluation below historic cost...
Cash flow ratios
Credit Rating Process...
31. Cash Flow available for distribution to all investors (stockholders & debt holders) CFO + int(1-t) - fixed capital investment or [FCFF calculated from NI = NI + noncash charged + (Int exp(1-tax rate) - net cap investment - working capital invt.]
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Operating Lease
FIFO is appropriate
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
32. Follows the traditional ledger account - assets on the left hand side and liabilities and equity on the right hand side.
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
The account format of B/S
MD&A contains...
33. 1) Change in accounting principle; 2) Change in accounting estimate; 3) Prior period adjustments
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Types of accounting changes...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
34. Part of indenture that place restrictions on the firm that protect bondholderns and increase value of the firm's bond - Breach is technical default
Debt covenants
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
35. Financial Services Companies: Operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal Non-Financial Services Companies: Non-operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Debt covenants
36. Profit is recognized only when it exceeds estimated total cost.
Cost recovery method...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Effective Tax Rate
B/S - investments
37. When a company prepares a proxy statement for its shareholders prior to the annual meeting or other shareholder vote - it also files the statement with the SEC as Form DEF-14A.
Inventory Systems...
Form DEF-14A...
The objective of f/s is to...
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
38. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Intangible Assets
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
BASIC EPS
Sources of Differences: Permanent
39. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
40. LIFO after-tax profit + (change in LIFO reserve)(1 - t)
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Asset Capitalization
FIFO after-tax profit =
Return on Assets ROA...
41. For inventory that does not deteriorate with age.
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
LIFO is appropriate
42. Trade relief - Contingent consideration - Union concessions
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
FASB - Harmonization
Form DEF-14A...
Income Statement
43. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Activity Ratios
IFRS: Required F/S
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
44. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
Characteristics of an effective framework
Common Size Statement
Barriers to a single framework...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
45. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
46. I/S and B/S - Each line is relative to base year
Credit Rating Process...
Form DEF-14A...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
47. Depreciation exp = (cost - residual value) x (# units produced / total expected to produce)
Units of Production Method
Defined Benefit Plans
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Tax Loss Carryforward...
48. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Market Value (GAAP)...
Cost recovery method...
Characteristics of an effective framework
49. Beginning Inv. (BI) + Purchases (P) = Available for Sale - Available for sale - COGS = Ending Inventory (EI)
Operating Risk Ratios...
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
The account format of B/S
Ending Inventory =
50. Both: Recognize going concern & accrual assumptions - IASB: Going concern & accruals given more prominence in framework - FASB: Going concern assumption not well developed in framework.
FIFO is appropriate
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Straight-line depreciation (SL)