SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A company can issue securities to certain qualified buyers without registering the securities with the SEC - but must notify the SEC that it intends to do so.
Revaluation above historic cost...
Dilutive Securities
Form 144...
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
2. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Return on Assets ROA...
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Valuation allowance
3. 1) Forecast GDP 2) Regress industry sales against GDP 3) Forecast industry sales 4) Cosider changes to firm's mkt share 5) Forecast firms sales 6) Use hisoric margins for stable firms or forecast individual expense items 7) Remove non-recurring items
DTA Issues
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
4. Nature of liability; Maturity dates; Stated and effective int. rates; Call and conversion features; covenants; security pledged as collateral; Amount of Debt maturity in each of the next 5 years; Fair value of o/s instrutments
Operating Risk Ratios...
IASB
B/S - Long-lived assets
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
5. 1) Consider the growth rate and capital spending levels when determining whether temp diff due to accelerated depre will reverse 2) Look for cumulative differences due to asset impairments and post-retirement benefits 3) Restructuring charges can c
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
6. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
Expensed Intangibles...
Income Statement
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Activity Based Restrictions
7. Share are to ensure significant influence over the company - Affiliate/Associate - Equity Method
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Intangible Assets
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
8. Improve ROA and Asset TO Ratios - Report higher aquisition goodwill
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Market Value (GAAP)...
9. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Income Statement
Revaluation below historic cost...
Debt covenants
10. 1) Meet CFO (strategy; industry overview - accounting policy) 2) Tour major facilities 3) Vote on analyst recommendations (bus.& fin. risk) 4) Monitor publicly distributed ratings
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Credit Rating Process...
Steps of F/S Analysis
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
11. Exchange of goods or services between two parties (no cash) IASB: Revenue = FMV of similar non-barter transaction with unrelated parties FASB: Revenue = FMV only if the company has received cash payments for such services in the past
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
12. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
13. Tax liability based on taxable income as per TAX Report/RETURN
The objective of f/s is to...
Taxation: Tax Payable
Form 144...
Extended DuPont Equation...
14. Aggressive Revenue Recognition - Diff. growth rates of operating cash flow and earnings - Abnormal comparative sales growth - Abnormal inventory growth as compared to sales - Moving nonoperating income and nonrecurring gains up to I/S to boost revenu
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
15. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Asset Capitalization
Activity Ratios
CFO Analysis...
16. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
IASB - Goals
Component depreciation;
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
17. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Simple capital structure
18. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Income Tax Paid...
19. 1) Aggregation where appropriate; 2) No offsetting assets against liabilities or income against exp.; 3) Classifed B/S; 4) Minimum Info on face; 5) Minimum disclosure; 6) Comparative info.
B/S - short-term investments
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Taxation: Tax Payable
20. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
# of days payable =
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
21. Nonreversal DTL - therefore it is permanent = Equity. therefore decrease in DTL = Increase in Equity - Reversal DTL - therefore it is temp = Liability
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
DBO Funded Status =
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
22. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
23. More than a third of Maxwell's total sales go to its own consolidated subsidiaries High levels of related-party transactions are worrisome - particularly when those parties are not audited. But transactions within the company between subsidiaries con
24. 1) Cheaper Financing; 2) Reduce risk of obsolescence; 3) Less restrictive provisions; 4) Off-B/S reporting; 5) Tax Reporting Advantages (treated as ownership for tax ( deduct depreciation and interest expense)
Reasons to Lease...
Tax base on a liability
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
25. GAAP: shown as a separate prepaid asset and amortized - IFRS: Deducted from proceeds and liability therefore effective interest rate is HIGHER under IFRS than GAAP.
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
26. Slow moving or obsolete inventory
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Cash flow ratios
27. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Cash flow ratios
28. Cash Flow available for distribution to all investors (stockholders & debt holders) CFO + int(1-t) - fixed capital investment or [FCFF calculated from NI = NI + noncash charged + (Int exp(1-tax rate) - net cap investment - working capital invt.]
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Characteristics of an effective framework
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
29. Under GAAP 1) Purchased patentes - copyrights - franchises - licenses - brands - and trademarks 2) Direct response advertising 3) Goodwill arising from transactions - (Proceeds - FMV net assets required = goodwill) 4) Software development costs once
Capitalized Intangibles...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
FIFO ending inventory =
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
30. 1) Increase comparability; 2) Reduce expense of overseas capital; 3) Reduce the expense of producing consolidated accounts
Potentially Dillutive Securities
FASB - Harmonization
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
31. Cash Flow available for distribution to the c/s; after all obligations have been paid. CFO - fixed capital investment + net debt increase or CFO - net cap expenditure + net borrowings
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Asset Capitalization
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Disclosure for each segment...
32. 1) Intention to hold >1 year (e.g. debt or equity) valued @ cost or mkt value 2) Equity accounted investments
B/S - short-term investments
B/S - investments
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
FIFO ending inventory =
33. 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
# of days payable =
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
34. 1) Timing Differences: Accrual vs. modified cash accounting - Differences in reporting methods estimates
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Activity Based Restrictions
Steps of F/S Analysis
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
35. 'Equity' -Chg in debt - Cash raised from equity and debt - -Chg in c/s - Cash spent on repurchasing equity or redeeming debt -Dividends paid - Calculate dividend declared: NI -*Div.Declared = chg in are/E - Div. Declared +(-) chg in div. payable = c
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Activity Ratios
36. Companies must file this form to disclose material events including significant asset acquisitions and disposals - changes in management or corporate governance - or matters related to its accountants - financial statements - or the markets on which
Taxation: Tax Payable
Form 8-K...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Auditor/Audit Opinion
37. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Taxation: Tax Payable
Characteristics of an effective framework
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
38. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Traditional DuPont Equation...
# of days payable =
Free Cash Flow -CFO
39. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
Tax base of an asset
The report format of B/S
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Expensed Intangibles...
40. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
DBO Funded Status =
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
41. 1) 3rd party pressure: 1) analyst/institutional expectations; 2) need to obtain finance; 3) listing requirements; 4) Debt covenants; 5) Transactions 2) Directors' Financial Position: 1) Equity interest; 2) Stock options; 3) Personal debt guarantees.
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Under Completed Contract Method...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
42. Meet Analyst Expectations - Meet debt covenants - Incentive compensation
Revaluation above historic cost...
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
43. 1) Valuation; 2) Standard setting; 3) Measurement
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Barriers to a single framework...
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
44. If PV of min lease pymt < cost of asset 1) lessor is a dealer or seller of the leased equipment 2) at the time of lease inception - lessor recognized a gross profit on sale. (NI - are/E - and Assests are higher) 3) Interest rev recognized over period
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
Net Reporting of Revenue
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
45. Return on Total Equity = NI/ Avg. Total Equity - Return on C/E = NI - Pref. Div/ Avg. Common Equity
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Extended DuPont Equation...
LIFO is appropriate
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
46. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
FASB
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
47. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Effective Tax Rate
The report format of B/S
Sustainable Growth
48. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Intangibles under IFRS...
Depreciation Methods...
Effective Tax Rate
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
49. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Form 8-K...
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
50. Assets: lower - Liabilities: lower - NI (Early yrs): higher - CFO: lower (b/c entire pymt is classed as CFO) - CFF: higher - Total CF: Same
Valuation Allowance...
Taxation: Tax Payable
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...