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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Segment Reporting
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
2. Days of sales o/s + days of inv. on hand - # of days payable (shorter the better)
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Installment Method...
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
3. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
Depreciation Methods...
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
4. Pd after more than 1 year - notes & bonds: at PV of future CF pymets - Capital leases - Provisions - Deferred tax
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Installment Method...
5. Used when estimates of revenue or cost are unreliable or short-term contracts - (US GAAP only) Revenue - expense - and profit is recognized at completion (IFRS) Revenue is recognized to the extent of contract cost - cost are expensed when incureed
Under Completed Contract Method...
Comprehensive income...
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
6. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
B/S - investments
Activity Ratios
7. EBIT/ Avg. total capital - Total capital includes: debt capital - so int. is aded back to NI
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
BASIC EPS
8. Meet Analyst Expectations - Meet debt covenants - Incentive compensation
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Effective Tax Rate
Antidilutive Securities
9. US 1) Financial Accounting Standards Board; 2) Standards form GAAP; 3) Aims - useful - relevant - reliable - consistent and comparable; 4) SEC deems FASB standard authoritative
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
FIFO after-tax profit =
FASB
Defined Contribution Plans
10. Divdends and share repurchases - Production and investment - M&A - New debt issuance - Payoff pattern and liquidation priority - Maintenance of assets used as collateral
FASB - Harmonization
Extended DuPont Equation...
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Activity Based Restrictions
11. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Tax base on a liability
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Capitalization of Interest...
12. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
13. Loss that could not be deducted on the tax return in current period but may be used to reduce taxable income and taxes payable in future (i.e. warranty)
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
14. Off B/S asset or liability = Footnotes disclosure - Lease payments are expensed when due via I/S - Payments are CFO outflows
Operating Lease
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
Types of accounting changes...
15. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
16. Under GAAP 1) Purchased patentes - copyrights - franchises - licenses - brands - and trademarks 2) Direct response advertising 3) Goodwill arising from transactions - (Proceeds - FMV net assets required = goodwill) 4) Software development costs once
Barriers to a single framework...
Balance Sheet - formats
DBO Funded Status =
Capitalized Intangibles...
17. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Expensed Intangibles...
Return on Assets ROA...
Inventory Systems...
18. Amount deductible in future tax return
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Cost recovery method...
Tax base of an asset
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
19. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Tax base of an asset
20. 1) Aggregation where appropriate; 2) No offsetting assets against liabilities or income against exp.; 3) Classifed B/S; 4) Minimum Info on face; 5) Minimum disclosure; 6) Comparative info.
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
21. 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)
# of days payable =
FIFO ending inventory =
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
22. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
Characteristics of an effective framework
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Market Value (GAAP)...
23. Impairment is recorded on a Contra asset account - revalued below original cost means contra asset account is 0 1) B/S asset reduced to FMV 2) Loss take to I/S 3) Reversal of org. loss allowed I/S 4) Increase above org. cost to equity (comprehenive
CFO - Indirect method steps...
CFO Analysis...
Revaluation below historic cost...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
24. Management turnover.
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
CFO Analysis...
25. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
Characteristics of an effective framework
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Form 8-K...
26. Shows sales and cost of goods sold.Under GAAP: 1) must be primary obligor under the contract; 2) bear inventory and credit risk; 3) have the ability to choose its supplier; 4) have reasonable latitude to set the price.
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
27. Reported BELOW the line. Operations mgmt has decided to dispose of but: 1) has not yet done so or 2) did so in CY after it generated profit/(loss) Must be physicallly and operationally distinct from firm. Analyst must determine effects on future inco
Depreciation Methods...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Discontinued Operations...
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
28. 1) Balance Sheet; 2) Comprehensive Income; 3) Change in Equity; 4) Cash Flow Statement; 5) Accounting policies and notes.
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
IFRS: Required F/S
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Expensed Intangibles...
29. Refers to change in mgmt judgement Does NOT require restatement of prior pd earnings; Disclose in footnotes
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
FASB
30. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Barriers to a single framework...
Form 8-K...
31. 1) 3rd party pressure: 1) analyst/institutional expectations; 2) need to obtain finance; 3) listing requirements; 4) Debt covenants; 5) Transactions 2) Directors' Financial Position: 1) Equity interest; 2) Stock options; 3) Personal debt guarantees.
Free Cash Flow -CFO
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
FASB
32. Profit recognized is the proportion of cash collected x total expected profit Revenue = (COG provided to date/total COG to be provided) x total expected revenue
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
Installment Method...
33. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
Antidilutive Securities
Asset Capitalization
Intangible Assets
Barter (IASB & FASB)
34. I/S and B/S - Each line is relative to base year
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
35. 1) Evaluating equity investments for a portfolio; 2) Evaluating potential M&A; 3) Evaluating a subsidiary of a parent company; 4) Deciding on private equity/ venture cap investment 5) Determine creditworthiness - borrowing; 6) Extending credit to
Disclosure for each segment...
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
36. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
The account format of B/S
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
37. It is Rare - but permitted for commodity producer/dealers B/S = NRV - I/S = unrealized gains/losses
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Disclosure for each segment...
Traditional DuPont Equation...
38. NRV = Est. selling cost - Est. cost of complition - selling costs
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Taxable Income
39. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
40. Decreases DTA -> Decreases Net Income - [Decrease in Valuation Allowance; Increase DTA and Increases Net Income]
Cash flow ratios
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Activity Ratios
41. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Form 8-K...
days of sales o/s =
IOSCO
42. 1) fair presentation; 2) going concern; 3) accrual basis; 4) consistency; 5) materiality
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
IASB - Goals
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
43. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
Net Reporting of Revenue
Intangible Assets
Return on Equity (ROE)...
44. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Calculate dividends declared...
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
days of sales o/s =
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
45. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
46. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Depreciation Methods...
47. Improve ROA and Asset TO Ratios - Report higher aquisition goodwill
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Form DEF-14A...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Cost recovery method...
48. Both: Recognize going concern & accrual assumptions - IASB: Going concern & accruals given more prominence in framework - FASB: Going concern assumption not well developed in framework.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Debt covenants
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
49. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
50. Capital structure that contains NO potentially dillutive securities - (contains only c/s - nonconvertible debt - and nonconvertible pref. stock)
Operating Risk Ratios...
B/S - short-term investments
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Simple capital structure