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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Capitalized Intangibles...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
2. NRV = Est. selling cost - Est. cost of complition - selling costs
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Operating Risk Ratios...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
3. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Simple capital structure
Installment Method...
Activity Ratios
Effective Tax Rate
4. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Reasons to Lease...
FIFO ending inventory =
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
5. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
6. Both: Broadly consistent - lack fully developed concepts - FASB: Assets revaluations prohibited (except some financial instruments)
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
7. If PV of min lease pymt = cost of asset 1) lessor is not a dealer of leased equipment (fin. co.)2) no gross profit is recognized at time of lease inception 3) all profit is int. revenue recognized over period of lease. CFO = Int. Income inflow - CFI
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
The account format of B/S
8. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
Net Reporting of Revenue
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
9. 1) Lack physical form (patent - copyrights etc; 2) Good will is an ex. of an unidentifiable intangible asset - not amortized but subject to annual impairment reviews; 3) Identifiable intangibles are amortized.(eliminate goodwill from ratio analysis)
IFRS: Required F/S
Tax base on a liability
DBO Funded Status =
Intangible Assets
10. More than a third of Maxwell's total sales go to its own consolidated subsidiaries High levels of related-party transactions are worrisome - particularly when those parties are not audited. But transactions within the company between subsidiaries con
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11. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
The account format of B/S
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Ending Inventory =
12. Amount deductible in future tax return
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Tax base of an asset
Discontinued Operations...
13. Used when estimates of revenue or cost are unreliable or short-term contracts - (US GAAP only) Revenue - expense - and profit is recognized at completion (IFRS) Revenue is recognized to the extent of contract cost - cost are expensed when incureed
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Segment Reporting
Under Completed Contract Method...
14. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
IOSCO
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
CFI Analysis...
15. Delay Supplier pymt: boost CFO; review days' sales in AP; Financing of payables: use N/P to pay off AP; manipulate timing of CFO; Securitization of A/are: accelerates appearance of collection - boosts CFO; Tax benefit of stock options: lower tax paid
Revaluation below historic cost...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
16. Income subject to tax as per Tax Return
Taxable Income
Diluted EPS
Units of Production Method
Form DEF-14A...
17. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Characteristics of an effective framework
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
B/S - short-term investments
18. GAAP: direct method must disclose adj to reconcile NI to CFO. reconciliation is NOT required for IFRS. IFRS: pymts for Int & Taxes MUST be disclosed separately in the CF Stmnt under direct or indirect. Under GAAP - this can be reported in CF stmnt or
Units of Production Method
Antidilutive Securities
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
19. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
IOSCO
Valuation allowance
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
20. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
21. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
22. Trade relief - Contingent consideration - Union concessions
Market Value (GAAP)...
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
23. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Operating Lease
24. 1) will only benefit on reversal if there is sufficient taxable earnings 2) can only utilize loss carryforwards if we have future profits 3) If asset cannot be utilized in full it is reduced by a contra 'valuation allowance'. REDUCE DTA - REDUCE NI
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
DTA Issues
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
25. Low: P/E - P/CF - or P/S - High: ROE - ROA - growth rates of sales and earnings - Low: leverage
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Valuation allowance
26. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Cost recovery method...
Defined Contribution Plans
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
27. Assets held for continuing usage in the business NOT for resale ( Invoice price - Sales Tax - Freight & Insurance - and Installation costs) 1) capitalize costs that result in higher future earnings 2) expense costs that have uncertain/NO impact on fu
Asset Capitalization
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Expensed Intangibles...
28. EBIT/ *Gross Interest EBITDA/ *Gross Interest *(inc'd capitalized interest) - How many times is EBIT or EBITDA bigger than gross interest? Higher ratio is desired. Shows ability to cover int. payment
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Barter (IASB & FASB)
29. 1) Development of high quality - transparent and enforceable global standards; 2) Promote application of standards; 3) Take into account special needs (small & med entities & emerging markets); 4) Convergence of nat'l and int'l standards
Operating Lease
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
IASB - Goals
FASB
30. It is Rare - but permitted for commodity producer/dealers B/S = NRV - I/S = unrealized gains/losses
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Sustainable Growth
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
31. Companies must file this form to disclose material events including significant asset acquisitions and disposals - changes in management or corporate governance - or matters related to its accountants - financial statements - or the markets on which
Form 8-K...
Revaluation below historic cost...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
32. Contra asset account used to reduce DTA for probability that it will NOT be realized - Increase in valuation = decrease in DTA and NI - Decrease in valuation = increase in DTA and NI
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
IFRS: Required F/S
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Valuation Allowance...
33. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Dilutive Securities
Under Completed Contract Method...
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
34. Reported BELOW the line. Operations mgmt has decided to dispose of but: 1) has not yet done so or 2) did so in CY after it generated profit/(loss) Must be physicallly and operationally distinct from firm. Analyst must determine effects on future inco
Balance Sheet
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Discontinued Operations...
35. Small investment for div/capital gains purpose - If Secondary market: Held-to-maturity: Debt securities co intend to hold to maturity; Carried at Amortized cost. Available-for-sale: Sold to satisfy Debt/Equity Needs; Currrent or non-current; B/S @ MV
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
36. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Installment Method...
Inventory Systems...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
37. 1) Unqualified opinion (good); 2) Qualified opinion (followed GAAP except for...); 3) Adverse opinion (bad)
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Auditor/Audit Opinion
B/S - short-term investments
38. + Service Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - + Interest Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - - Expected return on plan assets (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of (gains) and losses (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of prior service costs* (smoothed event) - +/-
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
39. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
CFO Analysis...
40. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Dilutive Securities
Barriers to a single framework...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
41. Income Tax Expense < Taxes Payable - F/S < Tax Return - Pay more tax now but more on reversal
Revaluation below historic cost...
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
Tax base on a liability
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
42. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
Segment Reporting
Valuation Allowance...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
43. Depreciation exp = (cost - residual value) x (# units produced / total expected to produce)
% of Completion
Units of Production Method
Capitalized Intangibles...
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
44. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Comprehensive income...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
45. PV of future obligation or the PV of the amount owed to employees for future pension benefits earned to date - Payments are determined based on expected final salary.
Activity Ratios
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Valuation Allowance...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
46. Profit is recognized only when it exceeds estimated total cost.
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
days of inv. on hand =
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Cost recovery method...
47. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
IASB
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Gross Reporting of Revenue
48. 1) Capitalize interst during construction period when building its own operating facility; 2) Interest must actually be paid by the firm; 3) Specific and general debt interest is capitalized
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
FIFO after-tax profit =
Capitalization of Interest...
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
49. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Cost recovery method...
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
50. Lost sales from stock outs
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
B/S - Long-lived assets
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average