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Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pd after more than 1 year - notes & bonds: at PV of future CF pymets - Capital leases - Provisions - Deferred tax
Capitalization of Interest...
Segment Reporting
LIFO is appropriate
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
2. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Balance Sheet - formats
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
IOSCO
Taxation: Tax Payable
3. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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4. 1) Meet CFO (strategy; industry overview - accounting policy) 2) Tour major facilities 3) Vote on analyst recommendations (bus.& fin. risk) 4) Monitor publicly distributed ratings
Comprehensive income...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Credit Rating Process...
Operating Lease
5. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Balance Sheet - formats
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Vertical Common Size Statements...
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
6. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Types of accounting changes...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Steps of F/S Analysis
7. Nonreversal DTL - therefore it is permanent = Equity. therefore decrease in DTL = Increase in Equity - Reversal DTL - therefore it is temp = Liability
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
% of Completion
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
8. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Depreciation Methods...
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
9. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
Revaluation below historic cost...
Revaluation above historic cost...
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
10. 1) Stretching A/P (increase in # days in payable) = 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)) 2) Financing payables (allows to great AP as CFF) 3) Securitizing A/are: (allows to recognize gains in I/S) 4) Income Tax Benefit from stock options 5) Buyba
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
11. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Balance Sheet - formats
Income Statement
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
12. Replacement cost subject to: Upper limit = NRV - Loewr limit = NRV - normal profit margin
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Market Value (GAAP)...
13. A: Increase = use cash (-) - Decrease = source cash (+) - L: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-) - E: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-)
Defined Benefit Plans
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Credit Rating Process...
14. It is the purchase of an asset using debt finance.
DBO Funded Status =
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
15. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Activity Based Restrictions
MD&A contains...
16. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Vertical Common Size Statements...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
17. FASB & IASB -LT projects under contract - reliable estimates of revenue - cost and completion time -Rev - exp and profit are recognized in proportion to total cost incurred to date - divided by total expected cost.
Return on Assets ROA...
% of Completion
Taxable Income
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
18. 'Equity' -Chg in debt - Cash raised from equity and debt - -Chg in c/s - Cash spent on repurchasing equity or redeeming debt -Dividends paid - Calculate dividend declared: NI -*Div.Declared = chg in are/E - Div. Declared +(-) chg in div. payable = c
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Income Tax Paid...
19. Days of sales o/s + days of inv. on hand - # of days payable (shorter the better)
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Cash Conversion Cycle =
20. Contra asset account used to reduce DTA for probability that it will NOT be realized - Increase in valuation = decrease in DTA and NI - Decrease in valuation = increase in DTA and NI
Valuation Allowance...
Cost recovery method...
Taxable Income
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
21. More than a third of Maxwell's total sales go to its own consolidated subsidiaries High levels of related-party transactions are worrisome - particularly when those parties are not audited. But transactions within the company between subsidiaries con
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22. Required by IFRS - Permited by US GAAP
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Component depreciation;
23. If PV of min lease pymt < cost of asset 1) lessor is a dealer or seller of the leased equipment 2) at the time of lease inception - lessor recognized a gross profit on sale. (NI - are/E - and Assests are higher) 3) Interest rev recognized over period
The account format of B/S
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
24. 1) Development of high quality - transparent and enforceable global standards; 2) Promote application of standards; 3) Take into account special needs (small & med entities & emerging markets); 4) Convergence of nat'l and int'l standards
Simple capital structure
IASB - Goals
IFRS: Required F/S
Characteristics of an effective framework
25. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
FASB
IASB
26. EU 1) Int'l Accounting Standards Board; 2) Unified int'l frameworks of accounting standards (IFRS); 3) Addopted by EU in 2005
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
IASB
B/S - short-term investments
27. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Taxation: Tax Payable
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
days of inv. on hand =
Expensed Intangibles...
28. Primary) Relevance & Reliability - Secondary) Comparability - Lastly) Understandability - user specific
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Component depreciation;
days of inv. on hand =
29. 1) Evaluating equity investments for a portfolio; 2) Evaluating potential M&A; 3) Evaluating a subsidiary of a parent company; 4) Deciding on private equity/ venture cap investment 5) Determine creditworthiness - borrowing; 6) Extending credit to
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
30. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
31. EU & US 1) Int'l Org. of Securities Commission; 2) Goal: uniform regulation; 3) Core objectives: Protecting investor - Fair - transparent - efficient markets - Reduction of systematic risk
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
IOSCO
Gross Reporting of Revenue
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
32. Assess liquidity - solvency and financial flexibiliy
IFRS: Required F/S
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
33. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Activity Ratios
34. Timing differences (depreciations) - Permanent differences
Capitalized Intangibles...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
35. Interest Expense = Amortization
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Double-decline balance (DDB)
36. For inventory that does not deteriorate with age.
CFO - Direct method
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
LIFO is appropriate
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
37. 1) Firms adds a lease asset and a lease liability to b/s = amounts - 2) Recognize int. expense on liability and depreciation exp on asset - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ratios.
Financial Lease Reporting
Units of Production Method
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
38. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
days of inv. on hand =
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
39. + Service Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - + Interest Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - - Expected return on plan assets (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of (gains) and losses (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of prior service costs* (smoothed event) - +/-
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
B/S - short-term investments
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
40. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
CFO Disclosure requirement...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
41. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Form 8-K...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
42. Diff. in depreciation methods/assumptions; Diff. in inventory methods/assumptions; Diff. in treatment of the effect of exchg rate chgs; Diff. in classifications of investment securities - Goodwill: Internally Generated DON'T capitalize - Purchased =
IOSCO
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Capitalized Intangibles...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
43. Income Tax Expense < Taxes Payable - F/S < Tax Return - Pay more tax now but more on reversal
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Revaluation above historic cost...
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
44. 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.)
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
days of inv. on hand =
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
IFRS: Required F/S
45. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
B/S - Long-lived assets
46. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
47. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is higher and CFF is lower
Calculate dividends declared...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
48. 1) when differences are expected to REVERSE and reslut in future tax payment - treate DTL as a LIABILITY in calculating leverage ratios 2) when differences are NOT expected to REVERSE and result in future tax payment - treat DTL as EQUITY in calculat
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Cost recovery method...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
49. Interest Expense = Coupon + Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
50. ROE = (NI/Sales) x (Sales/Assets) x (Assets/Equity) or ROE= Net Profit Margin x Asset TO x Leverage Ratio
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
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