SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
2. 1) Results of operations and discussions of trend; 2) Capital resources - liquidity - and cash flow trends; 3) General business overview based on known trends; 4) Effects of trends - events - and uncertainties; 5) Discontinued operations - extraordin
Gross Reporting of Revenue
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
DBO Funded Status =
MD&A contains...
3. Beginning Inv. (BI) + Purchases (P) = Available for Sale - Available for sale - COGS = Ending Inventory (EI)
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Ending Inventory =
4. 1) Lack physical form (patent - copyrights etc; 2) Good will is an ex. of an unidentifiable intangible asset - not amortized but subject to annual impairment reviews; 3) Identifiable intangibles are amortized.(eliminate goodwill from ratio analysis)
Intangible Assets
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Simple capital structure
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
5. Shows the financial position of a firm AT A SINGLE POINT in time A = L + E.
Steps of F/S Analysis
Balance Sheet
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Activity Based Restrictions
6. Refers to change in mgmt judgement Does NOT require restatement of prior pd earnings; Disclose in footnotes
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
7. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Sustainable Growth
Form 8-K...
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
8. Aggressive Revenue Recognition - Diff. growth rates of operating cash flow and earnings - Abnormal comparative sales growth - Abnormal inventory growth as compared to sales - Moving nonoperating income and nonrecurring gains up to I/S to boost revenu
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
CFO Analysis...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
9. LT D-to-E = Total LT Debt / Total Equity - D-to-E = Total Debt / Total Equity - Financial leverage ratio = Total Assets/Total Equity - Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Asset - Debt-to-Capital = Total Debt/ Total Debt + SOE - All Solvency are ove
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Operating Risk Ratios...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
10. EBIT/ Avg. total capital - Total capital includes: debt capital - so int. is aded back to NI
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Inventory Systems...
Ending Inventory =
B/S - short-term investments
11. Depreciation exp = (cost-residual value)/ useful life
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Tax Loss Carryforward...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
12. FASB: Asset is a future economic benefit - IASB: Asset is a RESOURCE from which future economic benefit is expected to flow.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Antidilutive Securities
CFO - Direct method
13. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
FASB - Harmonization
14. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Dilutive Securities
Vertical Common Size Statements...
15. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Form 144...
16. 1) Meet CFO (strategy; industry overview - accounting policy) 2) Tour major facilities 3) Vote on analyst recommendations (bus.& fin. risk) 4) Monitor publicly distributed ratings
Extended DuPont Equation...
CFO - Direct method
Credit Rating Process...
Component depreciation;
17. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Barriers to a single framework...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
18. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Under Completed Contract Method...
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
19. CV of Op. Inc = std dev. EBIT/ Mean EBIT - CV of Revenue: std. dev Rev/ mean Rev. - Operating Leverage = %chg in EBIT/ %chg in Sales
CFO Analysis...
Operating Risk Ratios...
Simple capital structure
days of sales o/s =
20. I/S: COGS higher - EBT lower - Taxes: lower - NI: Lower - B/S: INV: lower - W/C: Lower - are/E: lower - CF: CFO: higher
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
21. 1) Cheaper Financing; 2) Reduce risk of obsolescence; 3) Less restrictive provisions; 4) Off-B/S reporting; 5) Tax Reporting Advantages (treated as ownership for tax ( deduct depreciation and interest expense)
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Revaluation above historic cost...
Reasons to Lease...
22. US 1) Financial Accounting Standards Board; 2) Standards form GAAP; 3) Aims - useful - relevant - reliable - consistent and comparable; 4) SEC deems FASB standard authoritative
FASB
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
LIFO is appropriate
Form 8-K...
23. 1) Increase comparability; 2) Reduce expense of overseas capital; 3) Reduce the expense of producing consolidated accounts
CFO - Direct method
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
FASB - Harmonization
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
24. Selecting accounting principles to distort results - Structuring transactions to achieve a desired outcome - Using aggressive or unrealistic estimates and assumptions - Exploiting the intent of the accounting principle
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Units of Production Method
25. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Simple capital structure
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
26. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Effective Tax Rate
Return on Assets ROA...
27. Funds from Operations to debt = NI adj for non cash items/ total debt - Free operating CF to Total Debt = CFO - Capex / total debt - Total Debt to EBITDA = total debt / EBITDA - Return on Capital = EBIT / Capital - Total debt to total debt + equity =
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Credit Rating Process...
28. Any I/S subtotal is expressed a margin ratio (to revenues) - Gross profit margin = gross profit/ revenue - Net profit margin = Net Inc/revenue - Operating profit margin = EBIT/ revenue - Pre-tax margin = EBT/ revenue
Disclosure for each segment...
BASIC EPS
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
29. Employer contributes specific % - No guarantee on future benefits - Employee bears investment risk - Pension expense = employer contribution
Income Tax Paid...
Antidilutive Securities
Defined Contribution Plans
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
30. ROE = (NI/Sales) x (Sales/Assets) x (Assets/Equity) or ROE= Net Profit Margin x Asset TO x Leverage Ratio
Dilutive Securities
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Capitalization of Interest...
Activity Ratios
31. Amount deductible in future tax return
Tax base of an asset
IASB
Tax base on a liability
B/S - investments
32. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Revaluation above historic cost...
33. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IOSCO
34. Taxes payable + chg deferred Tax as per Financial Report
DTA Issues
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
35. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
36. ROE = (NI/EBT)x(EBT/EBIT)x(EBIT/Rev)x(Rev/Asset)x(Asset/Eqty) or (tax burden)x(int. burden)x(EBITmargin)x(Aset TO)x(Fin Lvg)
Extended DuPont Equation...
Capitalized Intangibles...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
37. Diff. in depreciation methods/assumptions; Diff. in inventory methods/assumptions; Diff. in treatment of the effect of exchg rate chgs; Diff. in classifications of investment securities - Goodwill: Internally Generated DON'T capitalize - Purchased =
Taxable Income
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
38. Higher share price - Lower borrowing cost - Higher incentive compensation
Revaluation below historic cost...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
39. GAAP: direct method must disclose adj to reconcile NI to CFO. reconciliation is NOT required for IFRS. IFRS: pymts for Int & Taxes MUST be disclosed separately in the CF Stmnt under direct or indirect. Under GAAP - this can be reported in CF stmnt or
Balance Sheet - formats
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Market Value (GAAP)...
40. Both: purpose is to assist development & revision of accting stds - IASB: Firms must consider framework if no std exists - FASB: No express requirement to consider framework
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
41. When a company prepares a proxy statement for its shareholders prior to the annual meeting or other shareholder vote - it also files the statement with the SEC as Form DEF-14A.
Form DEF-14A...
Operating Risk Ratios...
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
42. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Tax base on a liability
43. Ineffective corp. ethical values; non-financial managers invovled in selection of accounting principles/estimates; History of violation; Focus on stock price and earning trends; Commitment to unrealistic/aggressive forecasts; Failure to correct known
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Revaluation above historic cost...
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
44. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Net Reporting of Revenue
45. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Calculate dividends declared...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
46. GAAP: more quantitative rules - IFRS: more qualitative approach based on whether the risks and reward of the asset have tranferred.
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
FIFO after-tax profit =
47. 1) Start with NI 2) Sub Gains or add losses from financing or investing CFs 3) Add non-cash charges (depr't & amort'z) & sub all non cash revenue 4) Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts:
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
48. 1) Purpose and context 2) Data Collection 3) Data Processing 4) Analysis/Interpretation of data 5) Develop conclusions and recommendations 6) Follow-up
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Capitalization of Interest...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Steps of F/S Analysis
49. 1) Evaluating equity investments for a portfolio; 2) Evaluating potential M&A; 3) Evaluating a subsidiary of a parent company; 4) Deciding on private equity/ venture cap investment 5) Determine creditworthiness - borrowing; 6) Extending credit to
Tax base of an asset
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
50. Lost sales from stock outs
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Free Cash Flow -CFO