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Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Research = Expensed Development may be capitalized when the following critera is met: (ie if in the Development stage and NOT research stage) 1) process is clearly identified 2) Cost can be clearly idenfified 3) Technical feasibility established 4) M
Tax base of an asset
FASB - Harmonization
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Intangibles under IFRS...
2. Assets: higher - Liabilities: Higher - NI (Early yrs): Lower - CFO: Higher (b/c only interest portion is classed as CFO) - CFF: Lower (b/c principal repayment portion) - Total CF: Same - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This de
Depreciation Methods...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Balance Sheet
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
3. Depreciation exp = (cost - accum depre)/useful life x 2 - Does NOT use residual value but depreciation stops when residual value has been reached - reduce EBIT - NI - Assets - Equity and decrease ROA & ROE
Capitalization of Interest...
Double-decline balance (DDB)
Under Completed Contract Method...
FASB
4. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Defined Benefit Plans
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
5. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Vertical Common Size Statements...
6. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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7. A company can issue securities to certain qualified buyers without registering the securities with the SEC - but must notify the SEC that it intends to do so.
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Form 144...
8. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Analyst Treaments of DTL
9. 1) Cheaper Financing; 2) Reduce risk of obsolescence; 3) Less restrictive provisions; 4) Off-B/S reporting; 5) Tax Reporting Advantages (treated as ownership for tax ( deduct depreciation and interest expense)
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Reasons to Lease...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
10. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
B/S - Long-lived assets
days of sales o/s =
Tax base of an asset
DBO Funded Status =
11. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
12. Interest expense = Coupon rate
Calculate dividends declared...
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Barriers to a single framework...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
13. 1) Credit Scoring (CF Forecast) 2) Equity Investment screening (cutoff values)
IASB
Intangible Assets
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
14. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Characteristics of an effective framework
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Sources of Differences: Temporary
15. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Form 144...
Ending Inventory =
IFRS Revenue Recognition
16. + Service Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - + Interest Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - - Expected return on plan assets (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of (gains) and losses (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of prior service costs* (smoothed event) - +/-
The account format of B/S
CFO - Direct method
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
17. 1) Aggregation where appropriate; 2) No offsetting assets against liabilities or income against exp.; 3) Classifed B/S; 4) Minimum Info on face; 5) Minimum disclosure; 6) Comparative info.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Common Size Statement
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
18. Working Capital = CA - CL - Working Capital TO = Rev/Avg. Working Capital - Fixed Asset TO = Rev/Avg Net Fixed Assets
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Activity Ratios
% of Completion
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
19. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
CFO Analysis...
B/S - short-term investments
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
20. Depreciation exp = (cost-residual value)/ useful life
FIFO after-tax profit =
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
21. Profit is recognized only when it exceeds estimated total cost.
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Cost recovery method...
Activity Based Restrictions
22. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
B/S - investments
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
DBO Funded Status =
23. Low: P/E - P/CF - or P/S - High: ROE - ROA - growth rates of sales and earnings - Low: leverage
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
days of inv. on hand =
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
IOSCO
24. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Gross Reporting of Revenue
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
25. 1) Evidence of an arrangement; 2) Completion of earnings process; 3) Price is determined or determinable; 4) Assurance of payment
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
B/S - Long-lived assets
FIFO after-tax profit =
FIFO is appropriate
26. For inventory that does not deteriorate with age.
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Units of Production Method
LIFO is appropriate
27. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Component depreciation;
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Steps of F/S Analysis
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
28. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
29. Profit recognized is the proportion of cash collected x total expected profit Revenue = (COG provided to date/total COG to be provided) x total expected revenue
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Tax base of an asset
Diluted EPS
Installment Method...
30. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
DTA Issues
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
31. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Form 8-K...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
32. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Credit Rating Process...
Income Tax Paid...
33. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
FIFO is appropriate
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Valuation Allowance...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
34. Exchange of goods or services between two parties (no cash) IASB: Revenue = FMV of similar non-barter transaction with unrelated parties FASB: Revenue = FMV only if the company has received cash payments for such services in the past
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Segment Reporting
Tax base on a liability
Barter (IASB & FASB)
35. Loss that could not be deducted on the tax return in current period but may be used to reduce taxable income and taxes payable in future (i.e. warranty)
Defined Benefit Plans
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
36. 1) installment sales (If collection is certain - rev is recognized at time of sale) 2) installment method: (if collection cannot be estimated) 3) cost recovery (if collectability is highly uncertain)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
37. To improve liquidity and leverage ratios
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Revaluation below historic cost...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
38. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
Valuation Allowance...
Financial Lease Reporting
Calculate dividends declared...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
39. 365/(AR T/O) = 365/(Rev/Avg. AR)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
days of sales o/s =
Extended DuPont Equation...
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
40. Efficient inventory managment
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
41. Reported BELOW the line.Prohibited under IAS1 1) Losses from expropriation of assets. 2) Uninsured losses from natural disasters - Analyst must determine if it is really THAT extraordinary and if should be included in forecasting
# of days payable =
Capitalization of Interest...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
42. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
Barriers to a single framework...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Ending Inventory =
43. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Calculate dividends declared...
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
44. It is Rare - but permitted for commodity producer/dealers B/S = NRV - I/S = unrealized gains/losses
Cost recovery method...
Diluted EPS
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
45. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Defined Contribution Plans
Auditor/Audit Opinion
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
46. Pd after more than 1 year - notes & bonds: at PV of future CF pymets - Capital leases - Provisions - Deferred tax
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
47. Return on Total Equity = NI/ Avg. Total Equity - Return on C/E = NI - Pref. Div/ Avg. Common Equity
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Auditor/Audit Opinion
48. 1) Development of high quality - transparent and enforceable global standards; 2) Promote application of standards; 3) Take into account special needs (small & med entities & emerging markets); 4) Convergence of nat'l and int'l standards
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
IASB - Goals
49. Tax Rate down: DTL down -> Inc. Tax Exp down -> NI up - DTA down -> Inc. Tax Exp up -> NI down
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
50. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
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