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Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When a company prepares a proxy statement for its shareholders prior to the annual meeting or other shareholder vote - it also files the statement with the SEC as Form DEF-14A.
Form DEF-14A...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Valuation allowance
2. 1) Diff tax rate in diff. tax jurisdictions (countries) (continuous)2) Permanent tax differences: tax credit - tax-exempt income - nondeductible expenses - & tax diff between capital gains and operating income. (continuous) 3)in tax rates and legisl
Activity Ratios
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Free Cash Flow -CFO
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
3. 1) Intention to hold >1 year (e.g. debt or equity) valued @ cost or mkt value 2) Equity accounted investments
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
B/S - investments
4. 1) Evaluating equity investments for a portfolio; 2) Evaluating potential M&A; 3) Evaluating a subsidiary of a parent company; 4) Deciding on private equity/ venture cap investment 5) Determine creditworthiness - borrowing; 6) Extending credit to
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
5. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Taxation: Tax Payable
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
6. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Common Size Statement
Net Reporting of Revenue
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
7. Trade relief - Contingent consideration - Union concessions
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Common Size Statement
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Taxable Income
8. 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
# of days payable =
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
9. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
FIFO is appropriate
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
10. 1) Purpose and context 2) Data Collection 3) Data Processing 4) Analysis/Interpretation of data 5) Develop conclusions and recommendations 6) Follow-up
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Steps of F/S Analysis
B/S - short-term investments
Revaluation below historic cost...
11. Depreciation exp = (cost - accum depre)/useful life x 2 - Does NOT use residual value but depreciation stops when residual value has been reached - reduce EBIT - NI - Assets - Equity and decrease ROA & ROE
Double-decline balance (DDB)
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Activity Based Restrictions
12. 1) Revenue (external & internal) 2) Segment results (operating profit) 3) Carrying amount of segment asset4 4) Segment liabilities (IFRS) 5) Cost of PPE and intangibles acquired 6) Depreciation and Amort expenses 7) Other non-cash expense 8) Share of
Disclosure for each segment...
Under Completed Contract Method...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
13. It is the purchase of an asset using debt finance.
Component depreciation;
Extended DuPont Equation...
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Cash flow ratios
14. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Net Reporting of Revenue
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
15. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Net Reporting of Revenue
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
MD&A contains...
16. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Sources of Differences: Temporary
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
17. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Income Statement
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Component depreciation;
18. Decreases DTA -> Decreases Net Income - [Decrease in Valuation Allowance; Increase DTA and Increases Net Income]
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Component depreciation;
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
19. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
FIFO after-tax profit =
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
20. Actual cash outflow for taxes paid during current period
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Income Tax Paid...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
21. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
B/S - Long-lived assets
Form 8-K...
Expensed Intangibles...
22. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
# of days payable =
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
23. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is higher and CFF is lower
Defined Contribution Plans
CFO Analysis...
Activity Ratios
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
24. GAAP: more quantitative rules - IFRS: more qualitative approach based on whether the risks and reward of the asset have tranferred.
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Form DEF-14A...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
25. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
26. 365/(AR T/O) = 365/(Rev/Avg. AR)
FASB - Harmonization
days of sales o/s =
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
27. Days of sales o/s + days of inv. on hand - # of days payable (shorter the better)
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Return on Equity (ROE)...
28. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
IASB
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Effective Tax Rate
29. Selecting accounting principles to distort results - Structuring transactions to achieve a desired outcome - Using aggressive or unrealistic estimates and assumptions - Exploiting the intent of the accounting principle
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Comprehensive income...
30. Interest Rec'd - CFO/CFI Divs Rec'd - CFO/CFI Interst Paid - CFO/CFF Divs Paid - CFF/CFO Overdraft = cash - not CFF
Sustainable Growth
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
31. 1) Evidence of an arrangement; 2) Completion of earnings process; 3) Price is determined or determinable; 4) Assurance of payment
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
32. Cash Flow available for distribution to all investors (stockholders & debt holders) CFO + int(1-t) - fixed capital investment or [FCFF calculated from NI = NI + noncash charged + (Int exp(1-tax rate) - net cap investment - working capital invt.]
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
Expensed Intangibles...
Sources of Differences: Permanent
33. Current Ratio (CA/CL): Higher - Work. Cap (CA -CL): Higher - Asset TO: (Sales/TA): Higher - ROA (EAT/TA): Higher - ROE (EAT/E): Higher - Debt/Equity: Lower - Understates Leverage ratios (b/c not recognized as a liability) - Overstates Coverage ratios
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Operating Risk Ratios...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Depreciation Methods...
34. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Discontinued Operations...
FASB - Harmonization
35. G = (earnings Retention rate) x (ROE) - earnings retention rate = [1-(payout ratio)] - payout ratio = Common dividends/ NI - Pref. Div.
Sustainable Growth
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
FIFO after-tax profit =
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
36. Both: purpose is to assist development & revision of accting stds - IASB: Firms must consider framework if no std exists - FASB: No express requirement to consider framework
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
37. Required by IFRS - Permited by US GAAP
Component depreciation;
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
38. Companies must file this form to disclose material events including significant asset acquisitions and disposals - changes in management or corporate governance - or matters related to its accountants - financial statements - or the markets on which
Sources of Differences: Permanent
FIFO ending inventory =
Form 8-K...
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
39. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Diluted EPS
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
40. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
% of Completion
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
41. Cash Flow available for distribution to the c/s; after all obligations have been paid. CFO - fixed capital investment + net debt increase or CFO - net cap expenditure + net borrowings
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Intangibles under IFRS...
Form DEF-14A...
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
42. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
The report format of B/S
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
43. 1) Firms adds a lease asset and a lease liability to b/s = amounts - 2) Recognize int. expense on liability and depreciation exp on asset - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ratios.
Financial Lease Reporting
FASB - Harmonization
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
44. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
MD&A contains...
Characteristics of an effective framework
45. EU & US 1) Int'l Org. of Securities Commission; 2) Goal: uniform regulation; 3) Core objectives: Protecting investor - Fair - transparent - efficient markets - Reduction of systematic risk
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Barriers to a single framework...
IOSCO
Activity Ratios
46. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
Characteristics of an effective framework
Asset Capitalization
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
47. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
48. Under GAAP 1) Purchased patentes - copyrights - franchises - licenses - brands - and trademarks 2) Direct response advertising 3) Goodwill arising from transactions - (Proceeds - FMV net assets required = goodwill) 4) Software development costs once
Capitalized Intangibles...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Taxable Income
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
49. Nonreversal DTL - therefore it is permanent = Equity. therefore decrease in DTL = Increase in Equity - Reversal DTL - therefore it is temp = Liability
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
50. 1) Calculate cash raised on exercise 2) Repurchase shares at avg. price 3) New Shares = exercised - repurchased
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Net Periodic Benefit Costs