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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. More than a third of Maxwell's total sales go to its own consolidated subsidiaries High levels of related-party transactions are worrisome - particularly when those parties are not audited. But transactions within the company between subsidiaries con
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2. Contra asset account used to reduce DTA for probability that it will NOT be realized - Increase in valuation = decrease in DTA and NI - Decrease in valuation = increase in DTA and NI
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Barriers to a single framework...
Valuation Allowance...
3. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
4. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
CFO - Direct method
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
5. (GAAP) Internally created intangibles 1) (R&D) are expensed 2) Advertising 3) Software (developed to establish feasibility)
Sources of Differences: Temporary
IASB
Expensed Intangibles...
Capitalization of Interest...
6. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
The objective of f/s is to...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
7. Loss that could not be deducted on the tax return in current period but may be used to reduce taxable income and taxes payable in future (i.e. warranty)
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
8. Capital structure that contains NO potentially dillutive securities - (contains only c/s - nonconvertible debt - and nonconvertible pref. stock)
Simple capital structure
Steps of F/S Analysis
Intangible Assets
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
9. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Balance Sheet - formats
Form 144...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Form 8-K...
10. 1) Revenue (external & internal) 2) Segment results (operating profit) 3) Carrying amount of segment asset4 4) Segment liabilities (IFRS) 5) Cost of PPE and intangibles acquired 6) Depreciation and Amort expenses 7) Other non-cash expense 8) Share of
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
Disclosure for each segment...
Calculate dividends declared...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
11. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Debt covenants
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Antidilutive Securities
12. ROE = (NI/EBT)x(EBT/EBIT)x(EBIT/Rev)x(Rev/Asset)x(Asset/Eqty) or (tax burden)x(int. burden)x(EBITmargin)x(Aset TO)x(Fin Lvg)
Asset Capitalization
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Extended DuPont Equation...
CFO - Direct method
13. (net income - preferred dividends)/weighted average of common shares outstanding - only income from continuing operations is considered
BASIC EPS
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Operating Risk Ratios...
IASB
14. Employer contributes specific % - No guarantee on future benefits - Employee bears investment risk - Pension expense = employer contribution
Balance Sheet - formats
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Defined Contribution Plans
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
15. 1) Unqualified opinion (good); 2) Qualified opinion (followed GAAP except for...); 3) Adverse opinion (bad)
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Auditor/Audit Opinion
% of Completion
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
16. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Segment Reporting
17. Improve ROA and Asset TO Ratios - Report higher aquisition goodwill
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Comprehensive income...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
18. Delay Supplier pymt: boost CFO; review days' sales in AP; Financing of payables: use N/P to pay off AP; manipulate timing of CFO; Securitization of A/are: accelerates appearance of collection - boosts CFO; Tax benefit of stock options: lower tax paid
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Antidilutive Securities
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
19. Ineffective corp. ethical values; non-financial managers invovled in selection of accounting principles/estimates; History of violation; Focus on stock price and earning trends; Commitment to unrealistic/aggressive forecasts; Failure to correct known
IASB
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
# of days payable =
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
20. 1) Relevance vs. reliability; 2) Benefit > cost; 3) Excludes intangibles and non-quantifiable info.
IASB
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
21. Efficient inventory managment
Cash flow ratios
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
FIFO is appropriate
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
22. EBIT/ *Gross Interest EBITDA/ *Gross Interest *(inc'd capitalized interest) - How many times is EBIT or EBITDA bigger than gross interest? Higher ratio is desired. Shows ability to cover int. payment
days of sales o/s =
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Activity Based Restrictions
23. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
24. 1) will only benefit on reversal if there is sufficient taxable earnings 2) can only utilize loss carryforwards if we have future profits 3) If asset cannot be utilized in full it is reduced by a contra 'valuation allowance'. REDUCE DTA - REDUCE NI
DTA Issues
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Complex Capital Structure
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
25. CV of Op. Inc = std dev. EBIT/ Mean EBIT - CV of Revenue: std. dev Rev/ mean Rev. - Operating Leverage = %chg in EBIT/ %chg in Sales
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Barriers to a single framework...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Operating Risk Ratios...
26. 1) Diff tax rate in diff. tax jurisdictions (countries) (continuous)2) Permanent tax differences: tax credit - tax-exempt income - nondeductible expenses - & tax diff between capital gains and operating income. (continuous) 3)in tax rates and legisl
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
27. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is higher and CFF is lower
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
28. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
29. EBIT/ Avg. total capital - Total capital includes: debt capital - so int. is aded back to NI
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
30. Fair Value of Plan Assets - Defined Benefit Obligation (DBO) - Fair Value > DBO: overfunded (asset on B/S - GAAP) - Fair Value < DBO: underfunded (liability on B/S - GAAP) - (Funded Status = Economic Position of Plan)
Units of Production Method
DBO Funded Status =
Credit Analysis: Ratios
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
31. Carrying amount of the liability minus the amount that will be deductible in the future.
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Tax base on a liability
32. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
Comprehensive income...
Units of Production Method
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
33. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
Under Completed Contract Method...
Revaluation below historic cost...
Antidilutive Securities
Diluted EPS
34. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
MD&A contains...
Segment Reporting
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
35. Reported ABOVE the line 1) G/(L) from disposal of a business segment 2) G/(L) from sale of investment in subsidiary 3) Provisions for environmental remediation - impairments - write-offs - write-downs - restructuring.4) Integration expense for recent
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
36. Tax Rate down: DTL down -> Inc. Tax Exp down -> NI up - DTA down -> Inc. Tax Exp up -> NI down
DTA Issues
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
37. NRV = Est. selling cost - Est. cost of complition - selling costs
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
DBO Funded Status =
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
38. Outflow - (bringing bond DOWN to par)
Effective Tax Rate
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Tax base of an asset
% of Completion
39. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Balance Sheet - formats
40. 1) Consider the growth rate and capital spending levels when determining whether temp diff due to accelerated depre will reverse 2) Look for cumulative differences due to asset impairments and post-retirement benefits 3) Restructuring charges can c
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Units of Production Method
41. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Effective Tax Rate
42. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
43. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Vertical Common Size Statements...
44. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Balance Sheet
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
45. 1) Responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls 2) Mgmt's framework for evaluating internal controls 3) Assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over the last operating period 4) Statement of auditor's attestment 5)
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
46. Is more relevant than book value: Recent changes allow more liability to be recorded at FMV (IFRS & GAAP require disclosure of FMV) - Downward adj. in liability will Increase equity and decrease leverage ratio - Upward adj in liability will decrease
FIFO is appropriate
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Tax base of an asset
47. Nonreversal DTL - therefore it is permanent = Equity. therefore decrease in DTL = Increase in Equity - Reversal DTL - therefore it is temp = Liability
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Taxable Income
48. Reported BELOW the line. Operations mgmt has decided to dispose of but: 1) has not yet done so or 2) did so in CY after it generated profit/(loss) Must be physicallly and operationally distinct from firm. Analyst must determine effects on future inco
Discontinued Operations...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
Extended DuPont Equation...
49. Current ratio = CA/CL - Quick/Acid test = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/CL - Cash ratio = (Cash + mkt sec)/ CL - Defensive interval = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/Daily Cash Exp - Liquidity is over current Liabilities
Comprehensive income...
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
MD&A contains...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
50. Diff. in depreciation methods/assumptions; Diff. in inventory methods/assumptions; Diff. in treatment of the effect of exchg rate chgs; Diff. in classifications of investment securities - Goodwill: Internally Generated DON'T capitalize - Purchased =
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Installment Method...
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods