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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. GAAP: more quantitative rules - IFRS: more qualitative approach based on whether the risks and reward of the asset have tranferred.
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
2. Income subject to tax as per Tax Return
Types of accounting changes...
Taxable Income
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Income Statement
3. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Effective Tax Rate
4. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Asset Capitalization
B/S - Long-lived assets
5. 1) Unqualified opinion (good); 2) Qualified opinion (followed GAAP except for...); 3) Adverse opinion (bad)
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
6. Reported BELOW the line.Prohibited under IAS1 1) Losses from expropriation of assets. 2) Uninsured losses from natural disasters - Analyst must determine if it is really THAT extraordinary and if should be included in forecasting
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
7. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Complex Capital Structure
CFO - Direct method
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
8. Follows the traditional ledger account - assets on the left hand side and liabilities and equity on the right hand side.
The account format of B/S
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
9. PV of future obligation or the PV of the amount owed to employees for future pension benefits earned to date - Payments are determined based on expected final salary.
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Disclosure for each segment...
10. Funds from Operations to debt = NI adj for non cash items/ total debt - Free operating CF to Total Debt = CFO - Capex / total debt - Total Debt to EBITDA = total debt / EBITDA - Return on Capital = EBIT / Capital - Total debt to total debt + equity =
Comprehensive income...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
11. Same as other ratios using NI in this case substitut NI for CFO.
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Cash flow ratios
Ending Inventory =
12. Assets: higher - Liabilities: Higher - NI (Early yrs): Lower - CFO: Higher (b/c only interest portion is classed as CFO) - CFF: Lower (b/c principal repayment portion) - Total CF: Same - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This de
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
13. Research = Expensed Development may be capitalized when the following critera is met: (ie if in the Development stage and NOT research stage) 1) process is clearly identified 2) Cost can be clearly idenfified 3) Technical feasibility established 4) M
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Taxation: Tax Payable
Intangibles under IFRS...
14. 1) Credit Scoring (CF Forecast) 2) Equity Investment screening (cutoff values)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Defined Benefit Plans
Operating Risk Ratios...
The report format of B/S
15. Inventory TO = COGS / Avg. Inventory - LIFO = Higher - FIFO = Lower - DOH = 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.) - LIFO = lower days - FIFO = higher days - Gross Profit margin = Gross profit/ revenues - LIFO = lower - FIFO = higher
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Diluted EPS
Expensed Intangibles...
16. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Form 8-K...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
17. Selecting accounting principles to distort results - Structuring transactions to achieve a desired outcome - Using aggressive or unrealistic estimates and assumptions - Exploiting the intent of the accounting principle
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Ending Inventory =
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
18. Unlisted instruments - Held-to-maturity investments - Loans - Receivables
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Tax base of an asset
Income Statement
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
19. NRV = Est. selling cost - Est. cost of complition - selling costs
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Depreciation Methods...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
DTA Issues
20. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Double-decline balance (DDB)
days of inv. on hand =
DTA Issues
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
21. Lost sales from stock outs
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
CFO Analysis...
Cost recovery method...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
22. CV of Op. Inc = std dev. EBIT/ Mean EBIT - CV of Revenue: std. dev Rev/ mean Rev. - Operating Leverage = %chg in EBIT/ %chg in Sales
Comprehensive income...
Operating Risk Ratios...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Common Size Statement
23. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Sustainable Growth
24. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Balance Sheet - formats
Form 144...
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
IASB - Goals
25. 1) Firms adds a lease asset and a lease liability to b/s = amounts - 2) Recognize int. expense on liability and depreciation exp on asset - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ratios.
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Financial Lease Reporting
days of inv. on hand =
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
26. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Types of accounting changes...
Depreciation Methods...
27. Interest Rec'd - CFO/CFI Divs Rec'd - CFO/CFI Interst Paid - CFO/CFF Divs Paid - CFF/CFO Overdraft = cash - not CFF
Market Value (GAAP)...
Extended DuPont Equation...
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
28. = LIFO ending inventory + LIFO reserve FIFO after-tax profit
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
FIFO ending inventory =
Component depreciation;
29. Securities that would DECREASE EPS if exercised - If X< Avg. stock price then could be exercised - If X> Avg. stock price then will not be exercised
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Dilutive Securities
Under Completed Contract Method...
Barriers to a single framework...
30. Ensure that information in f/s is useful to a wide range of users.
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
The objective of f/s is to...
Balance Sheet
Auditor/Audit Opinion
31. EBIT/ Avg. total capital - Total capital includes: debt capital - so int. is aded back to NI
Intangibles under IFRS...
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Component depreciation;
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
32. Low: P/E - P/CF - or P/S - High: ROE - ROA - growth rates of sales and earnings - Low: leverage
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
33. Return on Total Equity = NI/ Avg. Total Equity - Return on C/E = NI - Pref. Div/ Avg. Common Equity
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
The account format of B/S
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
34. 1) Stretching A/P (increase in # days in payable) = 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)) 2) Financing payables (allows to great AP as CFF) 3) Securitizing A/are: (allows to recognize gains in I/S) 4) Income Tax Benefit from stock options 5) Buyba
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
35. Interest Expense = Amortization
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
36. Small investment for div/capital gains purpose - If Secondary market: Held-to-maturity: Debt securities co intend to hold to maturity; Carried at Amortized cost. Available-for-sale: Sold to satisfy Debt/Equity Needs; Currrent or non-current; B/S @ MV
days of inv. on hand =
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Barriers to a single framework...
37. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Market Value (GAAP)...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
38. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Valuation Allowance...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
39. Companies must file this form to disclose material events including significant asset acquisitions and disposals - changes in management or corporate governance - or matters related to its accountants - financial statements - or the markets on which
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
B/S - Long-lived assets
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Form 8-K...
40. 1) when differences are expected to REVERSE and reslut in future tax payment - treate DTL as a LIABILITY in calculating leverage ratios 2) when differences are NOT expected to REVERSE and result in future tax payment - treat DTL as EQUITY in calculat
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Operating Lease
BASIC EPS
41. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
42. If PV of min lease pymt = cost of asset 1) lessor is not a dealer of leased equipment (fin. co.)2) no gross profit is recognized at time of lease inception 3) all profit is int. revenue recognized over period of lease. CFO = Int. Income inflow - CFI
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Credit Rating Process...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Balance Sheet - formats
43. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
FASB
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
44. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Defined Benefit Plans
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
45. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
Tax base on a liability
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Comprehensive income...
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
46. Exchange of goods or services between two parties (no cash) IASB: Revenue = FMV of similar non-barter transaction with unrelated parties FASB: Revenue = FMV only if the company has received cash payments for such services in the past
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
BASIC EPS
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
47. G = (earnings Retention rate) x (ROE) - earnings retention rate = [1-(payout ratio)] - payout ratio = Common dividends/ NI - Pref. Div.
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Sustainable Growth
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
48. ROE = (NI/Sales) x (Sales/Assets) x (Assets/Equity) or ROE= Net Profit Margin x Asset TO x Leverage Ratio
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Form 8-K...
B/S - Long-lived assets
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
49. Interest Expense = Coupon + Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
50. 1) Change in accounting principle; 2) Change in accounting estimate; 3) Prior period adjustments
Credit Rating Process...
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Types of accounting changes...
The account format of B/S