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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Profit recognized is the proportion of cash collected x total expected profit Revenue = (COG provided to date/total COG to be provided) x total expected revenue
Fraud Triangle
Installment Method...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
2. Small investment for div/capital gains purpose - If Secondary market: Held-to-maturity: Debt securities co intend to hold to maturity; Carried at Amortized cost. Available-for-sale: Sold to satisfy Debt/Equity Needs; Currrent or non-current; B/S @ MV
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Comprehensive income...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
3. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Activity Based Restrictions
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Operating Lease
4. Slow moving or obsolete inventory
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
FASB - Harmonization
Auditor/Audit Opinion
5. 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)
Types of accounting changes...
Simple capital structure
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
# of days payable =
6. Capital structure that contains NO potentially dillutive securities - (contains only c/s - nonconvertible debt - and nonconvertible pref. stock)
Expensed Intangibles...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Simple capital structure
Types of accounting changes...
7. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Fraud Triangle
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
8. IAS 39 Marketable securities - IAS 2 Inventories (LIFO prohibited) - IAS 16 PP&E - JV (IFRS: proportional consolidation) - IAS 38 Intangibles - IAS 18 & 11 Contruction Contracts - Extraordinary Items: Prohibited in IFRS - Cash Flow Statement
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
9. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
Defined Benefit Plans
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Capitalized Intangibles...
Antidilutive Securities
10. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Inventory Systems...
IASB - Goals
11. Interest Expense = Coupon + Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
12. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
Simple capital structure
DBO Funded Status =
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Calculate dividends declared...
13. 1) Incentive/Pressure (the motive to commit fraud) 2) Opportunity (exists with weak internal controls) 3) Attitude/rationalization (mindset that fraud is justified)
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Revaluation below historic cost...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Fraud Triangle
14. Profit is recognized only when it exceeds estimated total cost.
Disclosure for each segment...
Cost recovery method...
% of Completion
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
15. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
CFO Disclosure requirement...
B/S - Long-lived assets
Characteristics of an effective framework
16. Securities that would DECREASE EPS if exercised - If X< Avg. stock price then could be exercised - If X> Avg. stock price then will not be exercised
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Component depreciation;
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Dilutive Securities
17. Off B/S asset or liability = Footnotes disclosure - Lease payments are expensed when due via I/S - Payments are CFO outflows
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Operating Lease
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
18. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
FASB - Harmonization
Valuation allowance
19. Follows the traditional ledger account - assets on the left hand side and liabilities and equity on the right hand side.
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
The account format of B/S
Balance Sheet
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
20. GAAP: shown as a separate prepaid asset and amortized - IFRS: Deducted from proceeds and liability therefore effective interest rate is HIGHER under IFRS than GAAP.
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Free Cash Flow -CFO
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
21. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Income Statement
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
22. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
23. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Comprehensive income...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Depreciation Methods...
24. Days of sales o/s + days of inv. on hand - # of days payable (shorter the better)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Operating Risk Ratios...
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Cash Conversion Cycle =
25. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Extended DuPont Equation...
Units of Production Method
26. Both: Broadly consistent - lack fully developed concepts - FASB: Assets revaluations prohibited (except some financial instruments)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Auditor/Audit Opinion
27. To improve liquidity and leverage ratios
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
28. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
FIFO is appropriate
29. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Simple capital structure
30. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Taxable Income
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
31. 1) when differences are expected to REVERSE and reslut in future tax payment - treate DTL as a LIABILITY in calculating leverage ratios 2) when differences are NOT expected to REVERSE and result in future tax payment - treat DTL as EQUITY in calculat
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
FASB - Harmonization
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
32. Both: purpose is to assist development & revision of accting stds - IASB: Firms must consider framework if no std exists - FASB: No express requirement to consider framework
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Cash flow ratios
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
33. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
34. Assess liquidity - solvency and financial flexibiliy
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Characteristics of an effective framework
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
35. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
IASB
Reasons to Lease...
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
36. It is the purchase of an asset using debt finance.
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Capitalization of Interest...
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
37. Actual cash outflow for taxes paid during current period
Income Tax Paid...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Credit Analysis: Ratios
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
38. 1) Responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls 2) Mgmt's framework for evaluating internal controls 3) Assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over the last operating period 4) Statement of auditor's attestment 5)
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
Units of Production Method
Disclosure for each segment...
39. Depreciation exp = (cost - accum depre)/useful life x 2 - Does NOT use residual value but depreciation stops when residual value has been reached - reduce EBIT - NI - Assets - Equity and decrease ROA & ROE
Double-decline balance (DDB)
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Component depreciation;
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
40. Means that at least ONE of the following is true: Company has poor profit margin; Company has poor asset TO; Company is underleveraged
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
IOSCO
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
B/S - short-term investments
41. Exchange of goods or services between two parties (no cash) IASB: Revenue = FMV of similar non-barter transaction with unrelated parties FASB: Revenue = FMV only if the company has received cash payments for such services in the past
% of Completion
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
42. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Revaluation above historic cost...
Activity Ratios
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
43. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
B/S - Long-lived assets
Types of accounting changes...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
44. If PV of min lease pymt = cost of asset 1) lessor is not a dealer of leased equipment (fin. co.)2) no gross profit is recognized at time of lease inception 3) all profit is int. revenue recognized over period of lease. CFO = Int. Income inflow - CFI
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
45. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Intangibles under IFRS...
Valuation Allowance...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
46. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
days of sales o/s =
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
The report format of B/S
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
47. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Operating Risk Ratios...
IOSCO
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
FIFO after-tax profit =
48. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Net Reporting of Revenue
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
49. Impairment is recorded on a Contra asset account - revalued below original cost means contra asset account is 0 1) B/S asset reduced to FMV 2) Loss take to I/S 3) Reversal of org. loss allowed I/S 4) Increase above org. cost to equity (comprehenive
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Revaluation below historic cost...
Income Statement
50. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Intangible Assets
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...