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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (net income - preferred dividends)/weighted average of common shares outstanding - only income from continuing operations is considered
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
BASIC EPS
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
2. 1) Timing Differences: Accrual vs. modified cash accounting - Differences in reporting methods estimates
Diluted EPS
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Net Reporting of Revenue
Sources of Differences: Temporary
3. When a company prepares a proxy statement for its shareholders prior to the annual meeting or other shareholder vote - it also files the statement with the SEC as Form DEF-14A.
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Form DEF-14A...
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
4. IAS 39 Marketable securities - IAS 2 Inventories (LIFO prohibited) - IAS 16 PP&E - JV (IFRS: proportional consolidation) - IAS 38 Intangibles - IAS 18 & 11 Contruction Contracts - Extraordinary Items: Prohibited in IFRS - Cash Flow Statement
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
DTA Issues
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
5. Divdends and share repurchases - Production and investment - M&A - New debt issuance - Payoff pattern and liquidation priority - Maintenance of assets used as collateral
Valuation Allowance...
Activity Based Restrictions
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Ending Inventory =
6. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
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7. 1) installment sales (If collection is certain - rev is recognized at time of sale) 2) installment method: (if collection cannot be estimated) 3) cost recovery (if collectability is highly uncertain)
IASB - Goals
Valuation allowance
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
8. 1) fair presentation; 2) going concern; 3) accrual basis; 4) consistency; 5) materiality
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Debt covenants
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
9. Improve ROA and Asset TO Ratios - Report higher aquisition goodwill
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Return on Assets ROA...
10. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Under Completed Contract Method...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
IOSCO
11. ROE = (NI/EBT)x(EBT/EBIT)x(EBIT/Rev)x(Rev/Asset)x(Asset/Eqty) or (tax burden)x(int. burden)x(EBITmargin)x(Aset TO)x(Fin Lvg)
Extended DuPont Equation...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
12. US 1) Financial Accounting Standards Board; 2) Standards form GAAP; 3) Aims - useful - relevant - reliable - consistent and comparable; 4) SEC deems FASB standard authoritative
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Inventory Systems...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
FASB
13. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Form 8-K...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Activity Ratios
14. 1) Purchase cost; 2) conversion costs; 3) Allocation of fixed production OH based on normal capacity levels; 4) Other costs necessary to bring the inventory to its present location and condition (freight costs & installation) - Exclude: Admin OH - S
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Activity Ratios
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
15. Delay Supplier pymt: boost CFO; review days' sales in AP; Financing of payables: use N/P to pay off AP; manipulate timing of CFO; Securitization of A/are: accelerates appearance of collection - boosts CFO; Tax benefit of stock options: lower tax paid
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
% of Completion
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
16. Impairment is recorded on a Contra asset account - revalued below original cost means contra asset account is 0 1) B/S asset reduced to FMV 2) Loss take to I/S 3) Reversal of org. loss allowed I/S 4) Increase above org. cost to equity (comprehenive
Revaluation below historic cost...
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Under Completed Contract Method...
Balance Sheet - formats
17. Is more relevant than book value: Recent changes allow more liability to be recorded at FMV (IFRS & GAAP require disclosure of FMV) - Downward adj. in liability will Increase equity and decrease leverage ratio - Upward adj in liability will decrease
IASB
FIFO is appropriate
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
Credit Rating Process...
18. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
The objective of f/s is to...
The report format of B/S
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Credit Rating Process...
19. Pd after more than 1 year - notes & bonds: at PV of future CF pymets - Capital leases - Provisions - Deferred tax
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
20. To improve liquidity and leverage ratios
IOSCO
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
21. Income variability lower - Profitability early years (ROE - ROA & NI) is Higher - Profitability later years: lower - Total Cash Flows: Same - CFO: higher - CFI: Lower - Leverage ratios: D/E & D/A: lower - Opposite fore Expensing
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
22. Outflow - (bringing bond DOWN to par)
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Steps of F/S Analysis
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
23. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
FIFO ending inventory =
days of sales o/s =
24. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
25. Timing differences (depreciations) - Permanent differences
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
26. Inflow - (bringing bond UP to par)
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Fraud Triangle
Revaluation above historic cost...
Asset Capitalization
27. NI/Avg. Total Assets - NI + Int (1-t) / Avg. Total Assets - Operating ROA: Operating INc/ Avg. Total Assets
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Return on Assets ROA...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
28. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
29. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Reasons to Lease...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
Complex Capital Structure
30. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Comprehensive income...
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
31. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Reasons to Lease...
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
32. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
FASB - Harmonization
Return on Equity (ROE)...
33. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
Under Completed Contract Method...
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
34. Interest Expense = Amortization
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Cash flow ratios
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
35. Working Capital = CA - CL - Working Capital TO = Rev/Avg. Working Capital - Fixed Asset TO = Rev/Avg Net Fixed Assets
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Activity Ratios
Operating Lease
Disclosure for each segment...
36. Income Tax Expense < Taxes Payable - F/S < Tax Return - Pay more tax now but more on reversal
Reasons to Lease...
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
37. Refers to change in mgmt judgement Does NOT require restatement of prior pd earnings; Disclose in footnotes
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Expensed Intangibles...
38. Employer contributes specific % - No guarantee on future benefits - Employee bears investment risk - Pension expense = employer contribution
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Taxation: Tax Payable
Defined Contribution Plans
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
39. Assets held for continuing usage in the business NOT for resale ( Invoice price - Sales Tax - Freight & Insurance - and Installation costs) 1) capitalize costs that result in higher future earnings 2) expense costs that have uncertain/NO impact on fu
IASB - Goals
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Activity Ratios
Asset Capitalization
40. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Fraud Triangle
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
41. Inventory TO = COGS / Avg. Inventory - LIFO = Higher - FIFO = Lower - DOH = 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.) - LIFO = lower days - FIFO = higher days - Gross Profit margin = Gross profit/ revenues - LIFO = lower - FIFO = higher
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
42. LT D-to-E = Total LT Debt / Total Equity - D-to-E = Total Debt / Total Equity - Financial leverage ratio = Total Assets/Total Equity - Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Asset - Debt-to-Capital = Total Debt/ Total Debt + SOE - All Solvency are ove
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Taxable Income
43. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Income Tax Paid...
Effective Tax Rate
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Simple capital structure
44. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
45. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Depreciation Methods...
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
46. Primary) Relevance & Reliability - Secondary) Comparability - Lastly) Understandability - user specific
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
47. Lost sales from stock outs
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Activity Ratios
48. Assets: lower - Liabilities: lower - NI (Early yrs): higher - CFO: lower (b/c entire pymt is classed as CFO) - CFF: higher - Total CF: Same
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
49. Assess liquidity - solvency and financial flexibiliy
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Capitalization of Interest...
Barriers to a single framework...
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
50. 1) Relevance vs. reliability; 2) Benefit > cost; 3) Excludes intangibles and non-quantifiable info.
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...