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Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Financial Services Companies: Operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal Non-Financial Services Companies: Non-operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Tax Loss Carryforward...
2. Nature of liability; Maturity dates; Stated and effective int. rates; Call and conversion features; covenants; security pledged as collateral; Amount of Debt maturity in each of the next 5 years; Fair value of o/s instrutments
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
3. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Income Statement
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
4. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
Diluted EPS
Inventory Systems...
Income Tax Paid...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
5. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
Segment Reporting
Defined Benefit Plans
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
6. Follows the traditional ledger account - assets on the left hand side and liabilities and equity on the right hand side.
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
The account format of B/S
7. GAAP: shown as a separate prepaid asset and amortized - IFRS: Deducted from proceeds and liability therefore effective interest rate is HIGHER under IFRS than GAAP.
Fraud Triangle
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
8. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
days of inv. on hand =
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
9. Higher share price - Lower borrowing cost - Higher incentive compensation
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Activity Based Restrictions
10. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
11. Income Tax Expense > Taxes Payable - F/S > Tax Return - Pay less tax now but more on reversal
IOSCO
DTA Issues
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
12. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
Activity Based Restrictions
Capitalized Intangibles...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
13. FASB & IASB -LT projects under contract - reliable estimates of revenue - cost and completion time -Rev - exp and profit are recognized in proportion to total cost incurred to date - divided by total expected cost.
% of Completion
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Operating Risk Ratios...
Form 8-K...
14. Replacement cost subject to: Upper limit = NRV - Loewr limit = NRV - normal profit margin
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
B/S - short-term investments
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Market Value (GAAP)...
15. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Comprehensive income...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
16. A: Increase = use cash (-) - Decrease = source cash (+) - L: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-) - E: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-)
Common Size Statement
LIFO is appropriate
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
17. 1) fair presentation; 2) going concern; 3) accrual basis; 4) consistency; 5) materiality
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
18. Derivatives - Non-derivative investments with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
CFO Analysis...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
days of inv. on hand =
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
19. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Balance Sheet - formats
Common Size Statement
Valuation Allowance...
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
20. Interest expense = Coupon rate
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
21. 1) Purpose and context 2) Data Collection 3) Data Processing 4) Analysis/Interpretation of data 5) Develop conclusions and recommendations 6) Follow-up
Installment Method...
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Steps of F/S Analysis
Barriers to a single framework...
22. For inventory that has a limited shelf life ex) Because the movies have a very limited shelf life and will greatly deteriorate in value with age - especially after the first year - FIFO is the most appropriate method of accounting for the movies for
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
FIFO is appropriate
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
23. Outflow - (bringing bond DOWN to par)
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Defined Contribution Plans
Net Reporting of Revenue
24. 1) 3rd party pressure: 1) analyst/institutional expectations; 2) need to obtain finance; 3) listing requirements; 4) Debt covenants; 5) Transactions 2) Directors' Financial Position: 1) Equity interest; 2) Stock options; 3) Personal debt guarantees.
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Units of Production Method
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
25. Current Ratio (CA/CL): lower - Work. Cap (CA -CL): Lower - Asset TO: (Sales/TA): Lower - ROA (EAT/TA): Lower - ROE (EAT/E): Lower - Debt/Equity: Higher - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ra
Net Reporting of Revenue
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
26. If PV of min lease pymt = cost of asset 1) lessor is not a dealer of leased equipment (fin. co.)2) no gross profit is recognized at time of lease inception 3) all profit is int. revenue recognized over period of lease. CFO = Int. Income inflow - CFI
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Form 144...
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
27. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
IFRS: Required F/S
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
28. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
DBO Funded Status =
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
29. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Discontinued Operations...
30. Both: Broadly consistent - lack fully developed concepts - FASB: Assets revaluations prohibited (except some financial instruments)
LIFO is appropriate
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
The account format of B/S
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
31. Current ratio = CA/CL - Quick/Acid test = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/CL - Cash ratio = (Cash + mkt sec)/ CL - Defensive interval = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/Daily Cash Exp - Liquidity is over current Liabilities
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Discontinued Operations...
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
32. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Revaluation above historic cost...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
33. 1) Incentive/Pressure (the motive to commit fraud) 2) Opportunity (exists with weak internal controls) 3) Attitude/rationalization (mindset that fraud is justified)
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
% of Completion
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Fraud Triangle
34. Meet Analyst Expectations - Meet debt covenants - Incentive compensation
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Capitalization of Interest...
35. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
36. 1) Firms adds a lease asset and a lease liability to b/s = amounts - 2) Recognize int. expense on liability and depreciation exp on asset - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ratios.
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Cost recovery method...
Financial Lease Reporting
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
37. Used when estimates of revenue or cost are unreliable or short-term contracts - (US GAAP only) Revenue - expense - and profit is recognized at completion (IFRS) Revenue is recognized to the extent of contract cost - cost are expensed when incureed
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Under Completed Contract Method...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
CFO Analysis...
38. Both: purpose is to assist development & revision of accting stds - IASB: Firms must consider framework if no std exists - FASB: No express requirement to consider framework
Valuation allowance
Taxable Income
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
39. Cash collections less direct cash inputs less other cash outfllows
Fraud Triangle
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Steps of F/S Analysis
CFO - Direct method
40. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Cost recovery method...
Complex Capital Structure
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
41. Trade relief - Contingent consideration - Union concessions
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
DTA Issues
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
42. Funds from Operations to debt = NI adj for non cash items/ total debt - Free operating CF to Total Debt = CFO - Capex / total debt - Total Debt to EBITDA = total debt / EBITDA - Return on Capital = EBIT / Capital - Total debt to total debt + equity =
Valuation allowance
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Disclosure for each segment...
Simple capital structure
43. Shows sales and cost of goods sold.Under GAAP: 1) must be primary obligor under the contract; 2) bear inventory and credit risk; 3) have the ability to choose its supplier; 4) have reasonable latitude to set the price.
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
44. Assets held for continuing usage in the business NOT for resale ( Invoice price - Sales Tax - Freight & Insurance - and Installation costs) 1) capitalize costs that result in higher future earnings 2) expense costs that have uncertain/NO impact on fu
Capitalized Intangibles...
days of sales o/s =
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Asset Capitalization
45. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
CFO Analysis...
IFRS: Required F/S
Depreciation Methods...
FIFO ending inventory =
46. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Common Size Statement
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
47. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Segment Reporting
IOSCO
Tax Loss Carryforward...
48. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower CFF is higher
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
49. Current Ratio (CA/CL): Higher - Work. Cap (CA -CL): Higher - Asset TO: (Sales/TA): Higher - ROA (EAT/TA): Higher - ROE (EAT/E): Higher - Debt/Equity: Lower - Understates Leverage ratios (b/c not recognized as a liability) - Overstates Coverage ratios
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Cash flow ratios
Capitalization of Interest...
50. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
CFO - Indirect method steps...
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Operating vs. Non-operating Income