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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Taxes payable + chg deferred Tax as per Financial Report
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Double-decline balance (DDB)
IOSCO
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
2. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
Fraud Triangle
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
days of inv. on hand =
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
3. Refers to change in mgmt judgement Does NOT require restatement of prior pd earnings; Disclose in footnotes
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
4. Income Tax Expense < Taxes Payable - F/S < Tax Return - Pay more tax now but more on reversal
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Cash Conversion Cycle =
5. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Fraud Triangle
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
6. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
7. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Fraud Triangle
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
8. 1) will only benefit on reversal if there is sufficient taxable earnings 2) can only utilize loss carryforwards if we have future profits 3) If asset cannot be utilized in full it is reduced by a contra 'valuation allowance'. REDUCE DTA - REDUCE NI
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Installment Method...
DTA Issues
9. Diff. in depreciation methods/assumptions; Diff. in inventory methods/assumptions; Diff. in treatment of the effect of exchg rate chgs; Diff. in classifications of investment securities - Goodwill: Internally Generated DON'T capitalize - Purchased =
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Characteristics of an effective framework
The objective of f/s is to...
Cash flow ratios
10. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
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11. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Market Value (GAAP)...
IFRS: Required F/S
Auditor/Audit Opinion
12. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
# of days payable =
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
13. Reported BELOW the line.Prohibited under IAS1 1) Losses from expropriation of assets. 2) Uninsured losses from natural disasters - Analyst must determine if it is really THAT extraordinary and if should be included in forecasting
Balance Sheet
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
14. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
FIFO after-tax profit =
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
15. Tax liability based on taxable income as per TAX Report/RETURN
Taxation: Tax Payable
Valuation Allowance...
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
16. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Operating Risk Ratios...
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Tax base of an asset
CFO Analysis...
17. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
Credit Rating Process...
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
18. I/S: COGS higher - EBT lower - Taxes: lower - NI: Lower - B/S: INV: lower - W/C: Lower - are/E: lower - CF: CFO: higher
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Valuation allowance
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
19. You.S. GAAP
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
20. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Extended DuPont Equation...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
21. A: Increase = use cash (-) - Decrease = source cash (+) - L: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-) - E: Increase = source cash (+) - Decrease = use of cash (-)
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
22. [net income - preferred dividends] + [convertible prf.dividends] + [convertible debt int.] (1-t) / (weighted avg. of c/s o/s) + (shares from conversion of conv. pfd. shares) + (shares from conversion of conv. debt) + (shares issuable from stock optio
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Diluted EPS
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
23. GAAP: more quantitative rules - IFRS: more qualitative approach based on whether the risks and reward of the asset have tranferred.
Income Statement
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
24. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Fraud Triangle
Balance Sheet - formats
25. ROE = (NI/Sales) x (Sales/Assets) x (Assets/Equity) or ROE= Net Profit Margin x Asset TO x Leverage Ratio
Balance Sheet - formats
IASB - Goals
IOSCO
Traditional DuPont Equation...
26. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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27. Management turnover.
B/S - Long-lived assets
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
28. Primary) Relevance & Reliability - Secondary) Comparability - Lastly) Understandability - user specific
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Intangible Assets
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
29. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
Inventory Systems...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Taxable Income
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
30. I/S and B/S - Each line is relative to base year
Cash flow ratios
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
31. Fair Value of Plan Assets - Defined Benefit Obligation (DBO) - Fair Value > DBO: overfunded (asset on B/S - GAAP) - Fair Value < DBO: underfunded (liability on B/S - GAAP) - (Funded Status = Economic Position of Plan)
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Barriers to a single framework...
DBO Funded Status =
% of Completion
32. For inventory that does not deteriorate with age.
LIFO is appropriate
Cash flow ratios
Reasons to Lease...
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
33. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Extended DuPont Equation...
Tax base of an asset
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
34. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Ending Inventory =
Cost recovery method...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
35. LT D-to-E = Total LT Debt / Total Equity - D-to-E = Total Debt / Total Equity - Financial leverage ratio = Total Assets/Total Equity - Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Asset - Debt-to-Capital = Total Debt/ Total Debt + SOE - All Solvency are ove
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
36. 1) Responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls 2) Mgmt's framework for evaluating internal controls 3) Assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over the last operating period 4) Statement of auditor's attestment 5)
Revaluation above historic cost...
Calculate dividends declared...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
37. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Comprehensive income...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Complex Capital Structure
38. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
The account format of B/S
39. Working Capital = CA - CL - Working Capital TO = Rev/Avg. Working Capital - Fixed Asset TO = Rev/Avg Net Fixed Assets
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Activity Ratios
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
40. Current ratio = CA/CL - Quick/Acid test = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/CL - Cash ratio = (Cash + mkt sec)/ CL - Defensive interval = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/Daily Cash Exp - Liquidity is over current Liabilities
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Activity Ratios
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Under Completed Contract Method...
41. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
The report format of B/S
B/S - investments
42. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Net Reporting of Revenue
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
43. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Defined Contribution Plans
Form 144...
LIFO is appropriate
44. Delay Supplier pymt: boost CFO; review days' sales in AP; Financing of payables: use N/P to pay off AP; manipulate timing of CFO; Securitization of A/are: accelerates appearance of collection - boosts CFO; Tax benefit of stock options: lower tax paid
Financial Lease Reporting
IASB - Goals
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
45. Meet Analyst Expectations - Meet debt covenants - Incentive compensation
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Antidilutive Securities
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Taxable Income
46. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Expensed Intangibles...
Cost recovery method...
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Balance Sheet - formats
47. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Intangible Assets
IOSCO
Form DEF-14A...
48. Reported BELOW the line. Operations mgmt has decided to dispose of but: 1) has not yet done so or 2) did so in CY after it generated profit/(loss) Must be physicallly and operationally distinct from firm. Analyst must determine effects on future inco
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Discontinued Operations...
Gross Reporting of Revenue
CFO Disclosure requirement...
49. Employer promises specific payment stream at retirement - Payments are based on yrs of service - retirement age - and final salary - Employers bears investment risk - Funded by pool of assets - Complicated accounting
Installment Method...
Defined Benefit Plans
Antidilutive Securities
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
50. 1) Transparency; 2) Comprehensiveness; 3) Consistency
Revaluation above historic cost...
Characteristics of an effective framework
Revaluation below historic cost...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS