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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Consider the growth rate and capital spending levels when determining whether temp diff due to accelerated depre will reverse 2) Look for cumulative differences due to asset impairments and post-retirement benefits 3) Restructuring charges can c
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Types of accounting changes...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
2. 1) Results of operations and discussions of trend; 2) Capital resources - liquidity - and cash flow trends; 3) General business overview based on known trends; 4) Effects of trends - events - and uncertainties; 5) Discontinued operations - extraordin
MD&A contains...
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Return on Equity (ROE)...
3. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Double-decline balance (DDB)
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
FIFO after-tax profit =
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
4. 1) held-to-maturity: @ amortized cost (i.e Bonds) 2) trading: @ fair value through P&L @ fair mkt value - unrealized g/(l) are recognized on the I/S. 3) available-for-sale: @ fair mkt value - unrealized g/(l) are NOT recognized on the I/S - instead r
Revaluation below historic cost...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
Steps of F/S Analysis
B/S - short-term investments
5. Follows the traditional ledger account - assets on the left hand side and liabilities and equity on the right hand side.
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
CFI Analysis...
The account format of B/S
6. [net income - preferred dividends] + [convertible prf.dividends] + [convertible debt int.] (1-t) / (weighted avg. of c/s o/s) + (shares from conversion of conv. pfd. shares) + (shares from conversion of conv. debt) + (shares issuable from stock optio
Inventory Systems...
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Diluted EPS
7. NI/Avg. Total Assets - NI + Int (1-t) / Avg. Total Assets - Operating ROA: Operating INc/ Avg. Total Assets
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Return on Assets ROA...
8. Cash Flow available for distribution to the c/s; after all obligations have been paid. CFO - fixed capital investment + net debt increase or CFO - net cap expenditure + net borrowings
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
9. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IASB
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
10. Both: Broadly consistent - lack fully developed concepts - FASB: Assets revaluations prohibited (except some financial instruments)
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
11. Stock options - Warrants - Convertible debt - Convertible preferred stock
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Potentially Dillutive Securities
12. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
13. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Diluted EPS
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
14. 1) Responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls 2) Mgmt's framework for evaluating internal controls 3) Assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over the last operating period 4) Statement of auditor's attestment 5)
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Debt covenants
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
15. Shares are to take over control - Subsidiary - Consolidate financials
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Types of accounting changes...
Operating Lease
16. Taxes payable + chg deferred Tax as per Financial Report
Cash Conversion Cycle =
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
Activity Based Restrictions
17. I/S: COGS higher - EBT lower - Taxes: lower - NI: Lower - B/S: INV: lower - W/C: Lower - are/E: lower - CF: CFO: higher
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Characteristics of an effective framework
Cash flow ratios
18. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
The report format of B/S
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
19. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Balance Sheet
Form 8-K...
Antidilutive Securities
20. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Units of Production Method
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Balance Sheet
21. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
IOSCO
FIFO is appropriate
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
22. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
CFO Analysis...
23. EU & US 1) Int'l Org. of Securities Commission; 2) Goal: uniform regulation; 3) Core objectives: Protecting investor - Fair - transparent - efficient markets - Reduction of systematic risk
IOSCO
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Antidilutive Securities
24. Profit recognized is the proportion of cash collected x total expected profit Revenue = (COG provided to date/total COG to be provided) x total expected revenue
Installment Method...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
FIFO after-tax profit =
Tax Loss Carryforward...
25. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Effective Tax Rate
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Intangibles under IFRS...
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
26. 1) Development of high quality - transparent and enforceable global standards; 2) Promote application of standards; 3) Take into account special needs (small & med entities & emerging markets); 4) Convergence of nat'l and int'l standards
Reasons to Lease...
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
IASB - Goals
Cash Conversion Cycle =
27. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
Discontinued Operations...
Calculate dividends declared...
Market Value (GAAP)...
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
28. 1) fair presentation; 2) going concern; 3) accrual basis; 4) consistency; 5) materiality
Types of accounting changes...
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Capitalization of Interest...
29. Assets: lower - Liabilities: lower - NI (Early yrs): higher - CFO: lower (b/c entire pymt is classed as CFO) - CFF: higher - Total CF: Same
Revaluation above historic cost...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Discontinued Operations...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
30. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
The report format of B/S
31. 1) Lack physical form (patent - copyrights etc; 2) Good will is an ex. of an unidentifiable intangible asset - not amortized but subject to annual impairment reviews; 3) Identifiable intangibles are amortized.(eliminate goodwill from ratio analysis)
Intangible Assets
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
32. 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.)
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Activity Ratios
days of inv. on hand =
33. Days of sales o/s + days of inv. on hand - # of days payable (shorter the better)
% of Completion
Cash Conversion Cycle =
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
34. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
FASB - Harmonization
Ending Inventory =
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
35. 1) Incentive/Pressure (the motive to commit fraud) 2) Opportunity (exists with weak internal controls) 3) Attitude/rationalization (mindset that fraud is justified)
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Fraud Triangle
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
36. Profit is recognized only when it exceeds estimated total cost.
Dilutive Securities
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Cost recovery method...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
37. + Service Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - + Interest Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - - Expected return on plan assets (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of (gains) and losses (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of prior service costs* (smoothed event) - +/-
Credit Rating Process...
Intangible Assets
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
38. Research = Expensed Development may be capitalized when the following critera is met: (ie if in the Development stage and NOT research stage) 1) process is clearly identified 2) Cost can be clearly idenfified 3) Technical feasibility established 4) M
Defined Contribution Plans
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
FIFO ending inventory =
Intangibles under IFRS...
39. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
Implication for Analysts: Be aware of differences in tax reconcilation between periods
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
40. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
41. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
B/S - investments
Debt covenants
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
42. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Tax base of an asset
43. Fair Value of Plan Assets - Defined Benefit Obligation (DBO) - Fair Value > DBO: overfunded (asset on B/S - GAAP) - Fair Value < DBO: underfunded (liability on B/S - GAAP) - (Funded Status = Economic Position of Plan)
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
DBO Funded Status =
44. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Income Tax Paid...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Debt covenants
45. 1) Meet CFO (strategy; industry overview - accounting policy) 2) Tour major facilities 3) Vote on analyst recommendations (bus.& fin. risk) 4) Monitor publicly distributed ratings
Credit Rating Process...
Antidilutive Securities
IASB - Goals
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
46. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Installment Method...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
47. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Complex Capital Structure
Intangible Assets
Capitalized Intangibles...
Activity Based Restrictions
48. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
B/S - investments
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
SEC guidance for Revenue Recognition
Balance Sheet - formats
49. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Calculate dividends declared...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
50. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Financial Lease Reporting
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E