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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interest Expense = Coupon - Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
2. Divdends and share repurchases - Production and investment - M&A - New debt issuance - Payoff pattern and liquidation priority - Maintenance of assets used as collateral
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Activity Based Restrictions
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
3. I/S and B/S - Each line is relative to base year
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
IFRS: Required F/S
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Form DEF-14A...
4. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Income Tax Paid...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth above industry average
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
5. Delay Supplier pymt: boost CFO; review days' sales in AP; Financing of payables: use N/P to pay off AP; manipulate timing of CFO; Securitization of A/are: accelerates appearance of collection - boosts CFO; Tax benefit of stock options: lower tax paid
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
Calculate dividends declared...
Intangibles under IFRS...
6. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Valuation allowance
Form DEF-14A...
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
7. A company can issue securities to certain qualified buyers without registering the securities with the SEC - but must notify the SEC that it intends to do so.
Form 144...
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
8. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
DBO Funded Status =
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
9. Slow moving or obsolete inventory
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
B/S - short-term investments
10. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
Credit Analysis: Ratios
FIFO ending inventory =
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
11. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
CFO - Direct method
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Operating Risk Ratios...
12. Interest Rec'd - CFO/CFI Divs Rec'd - CFO/CFI Interst Paid - CFO/CFF Divs Paid - CFF/CFO Overdraft = cash - not CFF
Revaluation above historic cost...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
13. Assess liquidity - solvency and financial flexibiliy
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
14. Inventory TO = COGS / Avg. Inventory - LIFO = Higher - FIFO = Lower - DOH = 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.) - LIFO = lower days - FIFO = higher days - Gross Profit margin = Gross profit/ revenues - LIFO = lower - FIFO = higher
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
The objective of f/s is to...
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
15. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
Taxation: Tax Payable
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
CFO Analysis...
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
16. 365/(AR T/O) = 365/(Rev/Avg. AR)
days of sales o/s =
Expensed Intangibles...
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
17. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
18. Impairment is recorded on a Contra asset account - revalued below original cost means contra asset account is 0 1) B/S asset reduced to FMV 2) Loss take to I/S 3) Reversal of org. loss allowed I/S 4) Increase above org. cost to equity (comprehenive
Revaluation below historic cost...
B/S - Long-lived assets
Characteristics of an effective framework
Units of Production Method
19. +Cash rcvd from customer - +Cash dividends rcvd - +Cash interest rcvd - +Other cash income ((trading securities) - Payment to suppliers - Cash expenses (wages etc) - Cash interest paid - Cash taxes paid
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Taxable Income
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
20. Trading securities - Available-for-sale - Derivatives (standalone or embedded in non-derivative intrument) - Assets with fair value exposure hedged by derivatives
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
21. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Depreciation Methods...
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
22. Timing differences (depreciations) - Permanent differences
Potentially Dillutive Securities
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
23. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
days of inv. on hand =
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Inventory Systems...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
24. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Vertical Common Size Statements...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
25. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Installment Method...
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Simple capital structure
26. + Service Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - + Interest Costs (recurring costs (actual)) - - Expected return on plan assets (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of (gains) and losses (smoothed event) - +/- Amort of prior service costs* (smoothed event) - +/-
Discontinued Operations...
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
The report format of B/S
Defined Benefit Plans
27. Any I/S subtotal is expressed a margin ratio (to revenues) - Gross profit margin = gross profit/ revenue - Net profit margin = Net Inc/revenue - Operating profit margin = EBIT/ revenue - Pre-tax margin = EBT/ revenue
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
IFRS: Required F/S
IASB
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
28. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
# of days payable =
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
29. Interest Expense = Amortization
Balance Sheet
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Tax base on a liability
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
30. Income subject to tax as per Tax Return
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Diluted EPS
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Taxable Income
31. 1) Revenue (external & internal) 2) Segment results (operating profit) 3) Carrying amount of segment asset4 4) Segment liabilities (IFRS) 5) Cost of PPE and intangibles acquired 6) Depreciation and Amort expenses 7) Other non-cash expense 8) Share of
FASB
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
DTA Issues
Disclosure for each segment...
32. 1) Valuation; 2) Standard setting; 3) Measurement
FASB - Harmonization
Barriers to a single framework...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Tax base on a liability
33. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Steps of F/S Analysis
Form DEF-14A...
Intangibles under IFRS...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
34. 1) 3rd party pressure: 1) analyst/institutional expectations; 2) need to obtain finance; 3) listing requirements; 4) Debt covenants; 5) Transactions 2) Directors' Financial Position: 1) Equity interest; 2) Stock options; 3) Personal debt guarantees.
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Cost recovery method...
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
35. (net income - preferred dividends)/weighted average of common shares outstanding - only income from continuing operations is considered
CFI Analysis...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
B/S - Long-lived assets
BASIC EPS
36. Both: Recognize going concern & accrual assumptions - IASB: Going concern & accruals given more prominence in framework - FASB: Going concern assumption not well developed in framework.
Asset Capitalization
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
CFO - Direct method
Antidilutive Securities
37. G = (earnings Retention rate) x (ROE) - earnings retention rate = [1-(payout ratio)] - payout ratio = Common dividends/ NI - Pref. Div.
Sustainable Growth
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
38. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Expensed Intangibles...
Tax base of an asset
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
39. Shares are to take over control - Subsidiary - Consolidate financials
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Installment Method...
40. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
Intangible Assets
Taxable Income
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
41. Under GAAP 1) Purchased patentes - copyrights - franchises - licenses - brands - and trademarks 2) Direct response advertising 3) Goodwill arising from transactions - (Proceeds - FMV net assets required = goodwill) 4) Software development costs once
Capitalized Intangibles...
Steps of F/S Analysis
Asset Capitalization
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
42. It is Rare - but permitted for commodity producer/dealers B/S = NRV - I/S = unrealized gains/losses
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
43. Financial Services Companies: Operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal Non-Financial Services Companies: Non-operating activities: Interest - Dividends - G/(L) on disposal
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
44. Lost sales from stock outs
Intangible Assets
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Form 8-K...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
45. 1) Timing Differences: Accrual vs. modified cash accounting - Differences in reporting methods estimates
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Extended DuPont Equation...
Cash Conversion Cycle =
46. Employer contributes specific % - No guarantee on future benefits - Employee bears investment risk - Pension expense = employer contribution
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Installment Method...
Defined Contribution Plans
47. You.S. GAAP
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Simple capital structure
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
48. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Common Size Statement
The objective of f/s is to...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
49. EU & US 1) Int'l Org. of Securities Commission; 2) Goal: uniform regulation; 3) Core objectives: Protecting investor - Fair - transparent - efficient markets - Reduction of systematic risk
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
IOSCO
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
50. Share are to ensure significant influence over the company - Affiliate/Associate - Equity Method
The report format of B/S
Fraud Triangle
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...