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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. G = (earnings Retention rate) x (ROE) - earnings retention rate = [1-(payout ratio)] - payout ratio = Common dividends/ NI - Pref. Div.
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Discontinued Operations...
Sustainable Growth
2. I/S and B/S - Each line is relative to base year
Taxation: Tax Payable
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Units of Production Method
3. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Calculate dividends declared...
Capitalized Intangibles...
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
4. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
5. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Taxable Income
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
6. To improve liquidity and leverage ratios
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
7. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Revaluation above historic cost...
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
8. 365/(AR T/O) = 365/(Rev/Avg. AR)
Segment Reporting
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
days of sales o/s =
9. I/S: COGS higher - EBT lower - Taxes: lower - NI: Lower - B/S: INV: lower - W/C: Lower - are/E: lower - CF: CFO: higher
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Capitalized Intangibles...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
10. Interest expense = Coupon rate
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
% of Completion
Balance Sheet
CFO Analysis...
11. Interest Rec'd - CFO/CFI Divs Rec'd - CFO/CFI Interst Paid - CFO/CFF Divs Paid - CFF/CFO Overdraft = cash - not CFF
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
12. Assets held for continuing usage in the business NOT for resale ( Invoice price - Sales Tax - Freight & Insurance - and Installation costs) 1) capitalize costs that result in higher future earnings 2) expense costs that have uncertain/NO impact on fu
Asset Capitalization
DTA Issues
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
13. IAS 39 Marketable securities - IAS 2 Inventories (LIFO prohibited) - IAS 16 PP&E - JV (IFRS: proportional consolidation) - IAS 38 Intangibles - IAS 18 & 11 Contruction Contracts - Extraordinary Items: Prohibited in IFRS - Cash Flow Statement
Gross Reporting of Revenue
CFO - Direct method
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
14. 1) Purchase cost; 2) conversion costs; 3) Allocation of fixed production OH based on normal capacity levels; 4) Other costs necessary to bring the inventory to its present location and condition (freight costs & installation) - Exclude: Admin OH - S
Valuation allowance
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
15. 1) Unqualified opinion (good); 2) Qualified opinion (followed GAAP except for...); 3) Adverse opinion (bad)
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
16. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Antidilutive Securities
Capitalized Intangibles...
17. LT D-to-E = Total LT Debt / Total Equity - D-to-E = Total Debt / Total Equity - Financial leverage ratio = Total Assets/Total Equity - Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Asset - Debt-to-Capital = Total Debt/ Total Debt + SOE - All Solvency are ove
Credit Rating Process...
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
Dilutive Securities
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
18. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Balance Sheet - formats
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
19. Amount deductible in future tax return
Tax base of an asset
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
CFO Disclosure requirement...
BASIC EPS
20. CV of Op. Inc = std dev. EBIT/ Mean EBIT - CV of Revenue: std. dev Rev/ mean Rev. - Operating Leverage = %chg in EBIT/ %chg in Sales
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Operating Risk Ratios...
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
B/S - Long-lived assets
21. EBIT/ *Gross Interest EBITDA/ *Gross Interest *(inc'd capitalized interest) - How many times is EBIT or EBITDA bigger than gross interest? Higher ratio is desired. Shows ability to cover int. payment
Valuation allowance
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Return on Equity (ROE)...
22. Research = Expensed Development may be capitalized when the following critera is met: (ie if in the Development stage and NOT research stage) 1) process is clearly identified 2) Cost can be clearly idenfified 3) Technical feasibility established 4) M
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
IASB
Intangibles under IFRS...
23. Ensure that information in f/s is useful to a wide range of users.
Defined Contribution Plans
The objective of f/s is to...
Types of accounting changes...
Inventory Systems...
24. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
Segment Reporting
Effective Tax Rate
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
25. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
DBO Funded Status =
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
26. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
Diluted EPS
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
27. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
Valuation allowance
B/S - Long-lived assets
Income Tax Paid...
Depreciation Methods...
28. For inventory that does not deteriorate with age.
Reasons to Lease...
Balance Sheet
Gross Reporting of Revenue
LIFO is appropriate
29. Net income + non-cash charges - working cap investment
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Auditor/Audit Opinion
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Free Cash Flow -CFO
30. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
31. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Intangible Assets
FASB
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
32. Depreciation exp = (cost - residual value) x (# units produced / total expected to produce)
FIFO ending inventory =
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Units of Production Method
Analyst Treaments of DTL
33. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
Taxation: Tax Payable
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
34. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Revaluation above historic cost...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Diluted EPS
35. 1) will only benefit on reversal if there is sufficient taxable earnings 2) can only utilize loss carryforwards if we have future profits 3) If asset cannot be utilized in full it is reduced by a contra 'valuation allowance'. REDUCE DTA - REDUCE NI
Form DEF-14A...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
DTA Issues
36. 1) Change in accounting principle; 2) Change in accounting estimate; 3) Prior period adjustments
Tax base of an asset
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Types of accounting changes...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
37. Current ratio = CA/CL - Quick/Acid test = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/CL - Cash ratio = (Cash + mkt sec)/ CL - Defensive interval = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/Daily Cash Exp - Liquidity is over current Liabilities
Diluted EPS
Inventory Systems...
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
days of inv. on hand =
38. Increase in an asset: deduct (use of cash) - Increase in a liability: add (source of cash) - Decrease in an asset: add (source of cash) - Decrease in a liability: deduct (use of cash)
Debt covenants
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
B/S - short-term investments
39. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Activity Based Restrictions
days of inv. on hand =
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
40. Interest Expense = Coupon + Amortization = PV of future CF x market yield @ issuance
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Return on Assets ROA...
41. EU 1) Int'l Accounting Standards Board; 2) Unified int'l frameworks of accounting standards (IFRS); 3) Addopted by EU in 2005
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Barter (IASB & FASB)
IASB
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
42. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Installment Method...
43. Tax liability based on taxable income as per TAX Report/RETURN
Sustainable Growth
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
Taxation: Tax Payable
Return on Equity (ROE)...
44. 1) Forecast GDP 2) Regress industry sales against GDP 3) Forecast industry sales 4) Cosider changes to firm's mkt share 5) Forecast firms sales 6) Use hisoric margins for stable firms or forecast individual expense items 7) Remove non-recurring items
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Diluted EPS
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
45. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Taxation: Tax Payable
FASB
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
46. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Effective Tax Rate
Operating Risk Ratios...
47. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Asset Capitalization
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Complex Capital Structure
FIFO after-tax profit =
48. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
days of inv. on hand =
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Capitalized Intangibles...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
49. 1) installment sales (If collection is certain - rev is recognized at time of sale) 2) installment method: (if collection cannot be estimated) 3) cost recovery (if collectability is highly uncertain)
IFRS: Required F/S
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Sustainable Growth
50. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Sustainable Growth
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Revaluation above historic cost...