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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1) Stretching A/P (increase in # days in payable) = 365/(AP T/O) = 365/(purchases/ Avg. AP)) 2) Financing payables (allows to great AP as CFF) 3) Securitizing A/are: (allows to recognize gains in I/S) 4) Income Tax Benefit from stock options 5) Buyba
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Characteristics of an effective framework
days of inv. on hand =
2. 1) Timing Differences: Accrual vs. modified cash accounting - Differences in reporting methods estimates
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
3. 1) Purpose and context 2) Data Collection 3) Data Processing 4) Analysis/Interpretation of data 5) Develop conclusions and recommendations 6) Follow-up
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Steps of F/S Analysis
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Capitalized Intangibles...
4. Unlisted instruments - Held-to-maturity investments - Loans - Receivables
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
5. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
Form 8-K...
The report format of B/S
FIFO after-tax profit =
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
6. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Calculate dividends declared...
Sustainable Growth
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
7. Held for continuing use within the business (not for resale) 1) investment property; 2) Assets held for sale; 3) Natural resources; 4) PP&E
Revaluation below historic cost...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
B/S - Long-lived assets
8. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
Segment Reporting
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Deferred Tax Liability: (DTL)
9. 1) Change in accounting principle; 2) Change in accounting estimate; 3) Prior period adjustments
Types of accounting changes...
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Technique
10. Cash collections less direct cash inputs less other cash outfllows
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
CFO - Direct method
11. 1) Evaluating equity investments for a portfolio; 2) Evaluating potential M&A; 3) Evaluating a subsidiary of a parent company; 4) Deciding on private equity/ venture cap investment 5) Determine creditworthiness - borrowing; 6) Extending credit to
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
12. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
FIFO ending inventory =
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Common Size Statement
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
13. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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14. Profit recognized is the proportion of cash collected x total expected profit Revenue = (COG provided to date/total COG to be provided) x total expected revenue
Depreciation Methods...
Installment Method...
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Calculate dividends declared...
15. 1) Relevance vs. reliability; 2) Benefit > cost; 3) Excludes intangibles and non-quantifiable info.
Tax base on a liability
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
The report format of B/S
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
16. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Characteristics of an effective framework
Income Statement
17. 1) Credit Scoring (CF Forecast) 2) Equity Investment screening (cutoff values)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
18. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower CFF is higher
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
Component depreciation;
19. Funds from Operations to debt = NI adj for non cash items/ total debt - Free operating CF to Total Debt = CFO - Capex / total debt - Total Debt to EBITDA = total debt / EBITDA - Return on Capital = EBIT / Capital - Total debt to total debt + equity =
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Credit Analysis: Ratios
CFO - Indirect method steps...
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
20. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Simple capital structure
Sources of Differences: Temporary
21. FASB & IASB -LT projects under contract - reliable estimates of revenue - cost and completion time -Rev - exp and profit are recognized in proportion to total cost incurred to date - divided by total expected cost.
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
% of Completion
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
22. 1) Aggregation where appropriate; 2) No offsetting assets against liabilities or income against exp.; 3) Classifed B/S; 4) Minimum Info on face; 5) Minimum disclosure; 6) Comparative info.
Taxation: Income Tax Expense
Auditor/Audit Opinion
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
23. 2 step-process 1) Recoverability: carrying value > undiscounted CF from asset's use and disposal 2) Loss measurement: Loss is the excess of carrying value over the asset's fair market value or PV of cash flows - Loss reversal for held-for-use assets
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
24. Working Capital = CA - CL - Working Capital TO = Rev/Avg. Working Capital - Fixed Asset TO = Rev/Avg Net Fixed Assets
Activity Ratios
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
25. NI/Avg. Total Assets - NI + Int (1-t) / Avg. Total Assets - Operating ROA: Operating INc/ Avg. Total Assets
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Return on Assets ROA...
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
Discontinued Operations...
26. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Valuation allowance
FIFO after-tax profit =
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
27. Timing differences (depreciations) - Permanent differences
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
DTA Issues
Balance Sheet - formats
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
28. BV - cash paid = gain/(loss) + any unamortized issue costs (US only) = Gain/Loss on repurchase [I/S as continuing operations)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Types of accounting changes...
Trade-Offs Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
29. US Gaap: Balance Sheet - IFRS:Disclosed in Footnotes - May be mentioned in MD&A if mgnt considers it significant
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Complex Capital Structure
30. Replacement cost subject to: Upper limit = NRV - Loewr limit = NRV - normal profit margin
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Market Value (GAAP)...
Defined Contribution Plans
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
31. 1) Forecast GDP 2) Regress industry sales against GDP 3) Forecast industry sales 4) Cosider changes to firm's mkt share 5) Forecast firms sales 6) Use hisoric margins for stable firms or forecast individual expense items 7) Remove non-recurring items
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
32. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
# of days payable =
Revaluation above historic cost...
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
33. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Net Reporting of Revenue
34. 1) Account format (A on left and L & E on right) 2) Report format ( A - L - E presented in one column) 3) Classified B/S (ordered)
Reasons to Lease...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Balance Sheet - formats
CFI Analysis...
35. 1) Scale & Diversification - 2) Operational Efficiency - 3) Margin Stability - 4) Leverage
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Defined Benefit Plans
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
36. Current ratio = CA/CL - Quick/Acid test = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/CL - Cash ratio = (Cash + mkt sec)/ CL - Defensive interval = (cash + mkt sec + AR)/Daily Cash Exp - Liquidity is over current Liabilities
# of days payable =
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
37. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Characteristics of an effective framework
The report format of B/S
38. Slow moving or obsolete inventory
Cash flow ratios
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
39. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
FIFO is appropriate
40. 1) Outcome reliable: rev recognized by stage of completion 2) Outcome unreliable: revenue recognized but no profit (
Capitalization of Interest...
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
IFRS Revenue Recognition For Service
41. FASB: No discussion of 'probables' - IASB: Asset - liabilities - are probable flows
Characteristics of an effective framework
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
42. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
Tax base on a liability
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
43. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
CFI Analysis...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
44. Low: P/E - P/CF - or P/S - High: ROE - ROA - growth rates of sales and earnings - Low: leverage
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
CFO Analysis...
Extended DuPont Equation...
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
45. EBIT/ Avg. total capital - Total capital includes: debt capital - so int. is aded back to NI
Traditional DuPont Equation...
Balance Sheet
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
46. Higher share price - Lower borrowing cost - Higher incentive compensation
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Intangible Assets
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
47. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
CFO Analysis...
Net Reporting of Revenue
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
48. [net income - preferred dividends] + [convertible prf.dividends] + [convertible debt int.] (1-t) / (weighted avg. of c/s o/s) + (shares from conversion of conv. pfd. shares) + (shares from conversion of conv. debt) + (shares issuable from stock optio
Tax base of an asset
Which set of accounting standards requires firms to disclose estimated amortization expense for the next five years on intangible assets?
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Diluted EPS
49. CFO: no impact - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower (b/c no impact) and CFF is higher
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Diluted EPS
Gain/(loss) on bond early retirement: (derecognition of debt)
Ending Inventory =
50. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
Valuation allowance
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Under Completed Contract Method...
Analyst Treaments of DTL