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Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. IAS 39 Marketable securities - IAS 2 Inventories (LIFO prohibited) - IAS 16 PP&E - JV (IFRS: proportional consolidation) - IAS 38 Intangibles - IAS 18 & 11 Contruction Contracts - Extraordinary Items: Prohibited in IFRS - Cash Flow Statement
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Convergence IFRS/US GAAP...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
2. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
Inventory Systems...
CFO Analysis...
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Market Value (GAAP)...
3. Securities that would DECREASE EPS if exercised - If X< Avg. stock price then could be exercised - If X> Avg. stock price then will not be exercised
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
The objective of f/s is to...
Dilutive Securities
4. If PV of min lease pymt = cost of asset 1) lessor is not a dealer of leased equipment (fin. co.)2) no gross profit is recognized at time of lease inception 3) all profit is int. revenue recognized over period of lease. CFO = Int. Income inflow - CFI
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
Income Statement
Cost recovery method...
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
5. Both: General agreement on objectives; focus on wide range of users - IASB: One objective for all users - FASB: Separate objectives for business entities and non-business entities.
Credit Analysis: Ratios
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Income Tax Paid...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
6. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
7. (GAAP) Internally created intangibles 1) (R&D) are expensed 2) Advertising 3) Software (developed to establish feasibility)
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Expensed Intangibles...
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
8. Meet Analyst Expectations - Meet debt covenants - Incentive compensation
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
9. Inventory TO = COGS / Avg. Inventory - LIFO = Higher - FIFO = Lower - DOH = 365/(Inv. T/O) = 365/( COGS/ Avg. Inv.) - LIFO = lower days - FIFO = higher days - Gross Profit margin = Gross profit/ revenues - LIFO = lower - FIFO = higher
Ratios that directly affect choice of Inventory Account...
DTA Issues
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
10. LIFO after-tax profit + (change in LIFO reserve)(1 - t)
The account format of B/S
FIFO after-tax profit =
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
IOSCO
11. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Cost recovery method...
Characteristics of an effective framework
CFO Analysis...
12. Depreciation exp = (cost - accum depre)/useful life x 2 - Does NOT use residual value but depreciation stops when residual value has been reached - reduce EBIT - NI - Assets - Equity and decrease ROA & ROE
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Net Reporting of Revenue
B/S - Long-lived assets
Double-decline balance (DDB)
13. 'Equity' -Chg in debt - Cash raised from equity and debt - -Chg in c/s - Cash spent on repurchasing equity or redeeming debt -Dividends paid - Calculate dividend declared: NI -*Div.Declared = chg in are/E - Div. Declared +(-) chg in div. payable = c
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Tax base on a liability
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
14. Employer promises specific payment stream at retirement - Payments are based on yrs of service - retirement age - and final salary - Employers bears investment risk - Funded by pool of assets - Complicated accounting
Defined Benefit Plans
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
15. 1)DTL - DTA - valuation allowance - Net ? in valutaion allowance over the period 2) unrecognized DTL or undistributed earning from subsidiaries & JVs 3) Current yr tax effect of each type of temp difference 4)Components of Inc Tax Expense 5)Tax loss
BASIC EPS
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
16. IFRS: Funded status is NOT on B/S Asset/Liability - Result in a b/s that does NOT represent econ reality - GAAP: Funded status = B/S Asset/Liability -Both disclose components of DBO - plan assets - expenses - and assumptions used to calculate pensio
Installment Method...
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Revaluation above historic cost...
17. Slow moving or obsolete inventory
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
The objective of f/s is to...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
18. Higher share price - Lower borrowing cost - Higher incentive compensation
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Installment Method...
Common Size Statement
19. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
Market Value (GAAP)...
Disclosure for each segment...
20. Cash Flow available for distribution to all investors (stockholders & debt holders) CFO + int(1-t) - fixed capital investment or [FCFF calculated from NI = NI + noncash charged + (Int exp(1-tax rate) - net cap investment - working capital invt.]
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Operating vs. Non-operating Income
Free Cash Flow to the Firm - FCFF
21. Depreciation exp = (cost-residual value)/ useful life
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Under Completed Contract Method...
22. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
Taxation: Tax Payable
Common Size Statement
Sources of Differences betweent F/S & T/
% of Completion
23. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Activity Ratios
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Extended DuPont Equation...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
24. Outflow - (bringing bond DOWN to par)
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
IFRS Revenue Recognition
25. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
Gross Reporting of Revenue
Segment Reporting
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
IASB
26. Unlisted instruments - Held-to-maturity investments - Loans - Receivables
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Cash Flow: Logic (A = L + E)
27. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Balance Sheet - formats
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
28. 1) is a contra asset account used to reduce the value of a DTA - 2) it is used to reduce the asset when future taxable income is deemed to be insefficient to fully use the DTA.
Depreciation Methods...
Common Size Statement
Complex Capital Structure
Valuation allowance
29. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
Diluted EPS
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Common Size Statement
30. Interest expense = Coupon rate
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
31. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
Amortization of Bond Discount = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Valuation allowance
32. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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33. 1) Increase comparability; 2) Reduce expense of overseas capital; 3) Reduce the expense of producing consolidated accounts
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Reasons to Lease...
FASB - Harmonization
34. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
CFO - Direct/Indirect method
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
35. 365/(AR T/O) = 365/(Rev/Avg. AR)
days of sales o/s =
Common Size Statement
CFO - Direct method
Impact on the B/S of a Discount Bond...
36. Shares are to take over control - Subsidiary - Consolidate financials
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
Diluted EPS
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Analyst Treaments of DTL
37. Tax liability based on taxable income as per TAX Report/RETURN
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Taxation: Tax Payable
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Sources of Differences: Permanent
38. Income Tax Expense/Pretax Income (EBIT) Income Tax Exp. = Taxes payable + chg in deferred ta
Effective Tax Rate
Intangible Assets
Revaluation below historic cost...
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
39. Securities that would INCREASE EPS if exercised
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Antidilutive Securities
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
40. 1) Firms adds a lease asset and a lease liability to b/s = amounts - 2) Recognize int. expense on liability and depreciation exp on asset - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ratios.
Sources of Differences: Permanent
Installment Method...
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Financial Lease Reporting
41. 1) Nature of industry/entity operations: 3rd party transactions; Power of customer/supplier; Acct est subjective; Unusual transactions; International operations; International operations; Operations in tax havens. 2) Opportunity complex/unstable org.
FIFO ending inventory =
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Effective Tax Rate
42. Funds from Operations to debt = NI adj for non cash items/ total debt - Free operating CF to Total Debt = CFO - Capex / total debt - Total Debt to EBITDA = total debt / EBITDA - Return on Capital = EBIT / Capital - Total debt to total debt + equity =
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Tax base of an asset
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Dilutive Securities
43. FASB: Asset is a future economic benefit - IASB: Asset is a RESOURCE from which future economic benefit is expected to flow.
Funded Status US GAAP & IFRS
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
44. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
DBO Funded Status =
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Form 144...
45. Management turnover.
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Units of Production Method
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
46. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
IFRS: Required F/S
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Analyzing Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation
The report format of B/S
47. Cash collections less direct cash inputs less other cash outfllows
CFI Analysis...
CFO - Direct method
Calculate dividends declared...
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
48. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Installment Method...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Expensed Intangibles...
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
49. NRV = Est. selling cost - Est. cost of complition - selling costs
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
DTA/DTL: Effect on Net Income when Tax Rate decreases...
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
50. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
DTA Issues
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Return on Assets ROA...
Revaluation above historic cost...
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