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Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
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Subject
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business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. I/S: COGS lower - EBT higher - Taxes: higher - NI: higher - B/S: INV: higher - W/C: higher - are/E: higher - CF: CFO: lower
FIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Valuation allowance
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
IFRS: Required F/S
2. 1) if 50% of its revenue is earned externally 2) if a business area has at least 10% of a firm's: Revenue; or Operating profit; or Use of asset 3) Business and geographical segments
MD&A contains...
Segment Reporting
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
3. Ensure that information in f/s is useful to a wide range of users.
B/S - short-term investments
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
The objective of f/s is to...
4. 'Assets' - Cash spent on long-term assets - Proceeds from the sale of long-term assets - Cash flow from investments in JVs - affiliates - and long-term investments in securities (trading securities are CFO) - [CFI = Cash additions - cash rcvd on disp
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Component depreciation;
Form 144...
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
5. 1) B/S asset increased to FMV 2) Increase above original cost to equity via revaluation surplus account (comprehensive Income)
Revaluation above historic cost...
Potentially Dillutive Securities
Financial Adj to Facilitate Comparison...
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
6. Management turnover.
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
7. 1) installment sales (If collection is certain - rev is recognized at time of sale) 2) installment method: (if collection cannot be estimated) 3) cost recovery (if collectability is highly uncertain)
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Sales Basis Revenue Recognitions
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
8. 1) Character: Mgmt reputation and history of repayment 2) Collateral: ability to pledge specific collateral reduces lender risk 3) Capacity: ability to replay debt. requires LT view of firms prospect.
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9. Current Ratio (CA/CL): lower - Work. Cap (CA -CL): Lower - Asset TO: (Sales/TA): Lower - ROA (EAT/TA): Lower - ROE (EAT/E): Lower - Debt/Equity: Higher - Since Int. exp + depre > lease pymt in the early years. This decreases NI - and Profitability ra
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Finance Lease
Component depreciation;
Market Value (GAAP)...
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
10. Reported BELOW the line.Prohibited under IAS1 1) Losses from expropriation of assets. 2) Uninsured losses from natural disasters - Analyst must determine if it is really THAT extraordinary and if should be included in forecasting
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Capitalized Intangibles...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of FASB...
11. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
The report format of B/S
Types of accounting changes...
Sources of Differences: Permanent
MD&A contains...
12. PV of future obligation or the PV of the amount owed to employees for future pension benefits earned to date - Payments are determined based on expected final salary.
CFO Disclosure requirement...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
13. Potentially dilutive securitites [options - warrants - convertible securities]
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency (Coverage)
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Complex Capital Structure
14. Periodic: Inventory and COGS determined at p/e - Perpetual: Inv. & COGS updated for each sale (no purchase account need) - Cost flow method impact: FIFO = same for both - LIFO = different - Avg. cost = different - FIFO & LIFO relationship remain
IASB
Financial Assets: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
Inventory Systems...
# of days payable =
15. EBIT/ *Gross Interest EBITDA/ *Gross Interest *(inc'd capitalized interest) - How many times is EBIT or EBITDA bigger than gross interest? Higher ratio is desired. Shows ability to cover int. payment
The report format of B/S
Horizontal Common Size Statements...
Analysis: Market Value of Debt
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
16. 1) fair presentation; 2) going concern; 3) accrual basis; 4) consistency; 5) materiality
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
17. FASB: Asset is a future economic benefit - IASB: Asset is a RESOURCE from which future economic benefit is expected to flow.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: F/S elements...
Free Cash Flow -CFO
Double-decline balance (DDB)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
18. If PV of min lease pymt < cost of asset 1) lessor is a dealer or seller of the leased equipment 2) at the time of lease inception - lessor recognized a gross profit on sale. (NI - are/E - and Assests are higher) 3) Interest rev recognized over period
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Intangible Assets
Antidilutive Securities
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales-Type Lease
19. Is required under IFRS but not under GAAP
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Diluted EPS
Footnote disclosure of Reconciliation of opening and closing carrying values...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
20. Interest Expense = Amortization
Revaluation below historic cost...
B/S - Long-term Liabilities
Impact on the B/S of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
21. Share are to ensure significant influence over the company - Affiliate/Associate - Equity Method
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Intercorporate Investment: 20% - 50% votes...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
FASB
22. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is lower CFF is higher
MD&A contains...
Taxation Disclosure Requirements
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Dilutive Securities
23. 1) Results of operations and discussions of trend; 2) Capital resources - liquidity - and cash flow trends; 3) General business overview based on known trends; 4) Effects of trends - events - and uncertainties; 5) Discontinued operations - extraordin
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
MD&A contains...
Steps of F/S Analysis
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
24. 1) Basis for measurement; 2) carrying value of inventory by category; 3) Amount of inventory carried at FV less cost to sell 4) Write-downs & reversals (discussion of circumstance that led to reversal); 5) Inventories pledged as collateral for liabil
Extraordinary Items: Unusual AND Infrequent items...
CFO - Direct method
Measurement of A & L disclosure in footnotes
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
25. 1) Land @ cost; 2) Plant & building @ historic cost less accu'm depr; 3) Equipment @ historic cost less accu'm depr 4) Intangible assets @ historic cost less accu'm amort
IASB
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
B/S - Long-lived assets PP&E
IASB - Goals
26. Used when estimates of revenue or cost are unreliable or short-term contracts - (US GAAP only) Revenue - expense - and profit is recognized at completion (IFRS) Revenue is recognized to the extent of contract cost - cost are expensed when incureed
Component depreciation;
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Operating Lease
Under Completed Contract Method...
27. Replacement cost subject to: Upper limit = NRV - Loewr limit = NRV - normal profit margin
Market Value (GAAP)...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Under Completed Contract Method...
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
28. Lost sales from stock outs
Screening for Potential Equity Investment: Criteria
Depreciation Methods...
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
Capitalization of Interest...
29. CV of Op. Inc = std dev. EBIT/ Mean EBIT - CV of Revenue: std. dev Rev/ mean Rev. - Operating Leverage = %chg in EBIT/ %chg in Sales
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
FASB
Operating Risk Ratios...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
30. 1) Development of high quality - transparent and enforceable global standards; 2) Promote application of standards; 3) Take into account special needs (small & med entities & emerging markets); 4) Convergence of nat'l and int'l standards
Sarbanes-Oxley Management Report...
IASB - Goals
Straight-line depreciation (SL)
Dilutive Securities
31. Reported BELOW the line. Operations mgmt has decided to dispose of but: 1) has not yet done so or 2) did so in CY after it generated profit/(loss) Must be physicallly and operationally distinct from firm. Analyst must determine effects on future inco
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
Discontinued Operations...
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
CFO - Indirect method steps...
32. EU & US 1) Int'l Org. of Securities Commission; 2) Goal: uniform regulation; 3) Core objectives: Protecting investor - Fair - transparent - efficient markets - Reduction of systematic risk
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
Activity Based Restrictions
IOSCO
33. All other liabilities (e.g. bonds - notes payables - leases)
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Comprehensive income...
MD&A contains...
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Amortized at Cost
34. Shows the performance of the company over a reporting period.
Income Statement
IFRS: Required F/S
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
35. 1) Risk & Reward transferred; 2) No continued control; 3) Reliable measurement; 4) Probable flow of benefits; 5) Cost verifiable
FIFO ending inventory =
CFO - Indirect method steps...
IFRS Revenue Recognition
Defined Contribution Plans
36. Improve ROA and Asset TO Ratios - Report higher aquisition goodwill
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
Footnote Finance Liability Disclosure
Component depreciation;
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
37. (GAAP) Internally created intangibles 1) (R&D) are expensed 2) Advertising 3) Software (developed to establish feasibility)
Return on Equity (ROE)...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Expensed Intangibles...
IASB - Goals
38. Cash Flow available for distribution to the c/s; after all obligations have been paid. CFO - fixed capital investment + net debt increase or CFO - net cap expenditure + net borrowings
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE
Balance Sheet - formats
Segment Reporting
Discontinued Operations...
39. 1) Show each item as a % of Net Revenue 2) Show each inflow as a % of total inflows 3) Show each outflow as a % of total outflow
Revaluation above historic cost...
Common Size Statement
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
Impairments recognition (GAAP)
40. Refers to changes from one GAAP method or IFRS method to another IFRS & US GAAP require prior year data shown in f/s to be adjusted.
Return on total capital (ROTC)...
Depreciation Methods...
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
Auditor/Audit Opinion
41. Current Ratio (CA/CL): Higher - Work. Cap (CA -CL): Higher - Asset TO: (Sales/TA): Higher - ROA (EAT/TA): Higher - ROE (EAT/E): Higher - Debt/Equity: Lower - Understates Leverage ratios (b/c not recognized as a liability) - Overstates Coverage ratios
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Antidilutive Securities
Effects of Lease Classification on Ratios - Operating Lease
42. Contributed capital = c/s @ par plus add'l paid-in capital - Treasury stock (reaquired by frim but not yet retired) - are/E = Accum' NI less dividends - Minority (non-controlling) interest - Comprehensive income items: all chg in SOE not in I/S or fr
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43. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is higher and CFF is lower
Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
FIFO ending inventory =
Sources of Differences: Permanent
44. Adjustments Involves erros or new accounting standards - Resate prior period - Disclose nature and effect on NI - Errors may indicate weakness in internal controls
Barter (IASB & FASB)
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Types of accounting changes: prior period adjustments
Return on Equity (ROE)...
45. Income variability lower - Profitability early years (ROE - ROA & NI) is Higher - Profitability later years: lower - Total Cash Flows: Same - CFO: higher - CFI: Lower - Leverage ratios: D/E & D/A: lower - Opposite fore Expensing
Financial Implications of Capitalizing...
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
% of Completion
B/S - short-term investments
46. Both: Recognize going concern & accrual assumptions - IASB: Going concern & accruals given more prominence in framework - FASB: Going concern assumption not well developed in framework.
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Reasons to Lease...
DBO Funded Status =
47. 1) Aggregation where appropriate; 2) No offsetting assets against liabilities or income against exp.; 3) Classifed B/S; 4) Minimum Info on face; 5) Minimum disclosure; 6) Comparative info.
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
Net Reporting of Revenue
IFRS: Presentation Requirements
48. Off B/S asset or liability = Footnotes disclosure - Lease payments are expensed when due via I/S - Payments are CFO outflows
Operating Lease
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Net Reporting of Revenue
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
49. 1) SL; 2) Double Decline balance (accelerated); 3) Units of production; 4) Tax code perscribed Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Depreciation Methods...
Sources of Differences: Temporary
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
50. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
Inventory Systems...
Market Value (GAAP)...
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Free Cash Flow to Equity - FCFE