SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Advanced Financial Reporting And Analysis
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
business-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Shows only the difference between sales and cost of goods sold Users are usually: 1) internet-based merchandising companies; 2) Sell prodict but never hold inventory; 3) Arrangement for supplier to ship directly to end customer. Discolsure policies
Revaluation above historic cost...
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Motivation to Over-report Earnings
Net Reporting of Revenue
2. Selecting accounting principles to distort results - Structuring transactions to achieve a desired outcome - Using aggressive or unrealistic estimates and assumptions - Exploiting the intent of the accounting principle
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: objective of F/S
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Calculate dividends declared...
3. Total assets TO = Revenue/Avg. total asset - Fixed asset TO = Revenue/ Avg. net fixed assets - Working Cap TO = Revenue/Avg. working captial
Add/ Sub changes to related b/s operating accounts
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Operating Lease
Measures of Operating Performance - Efficiency Ratios...
4. Includes: cash flow from interst Rec'd and Paid - and Dividend received. Includes all income taxes paid.
Income Tax Paid...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
IFRS: Required F/S
Lessor Accounting Capital Lease: Sales: Direct Financing Lease
5. LIFO after-tax profit + (change in LIFO reserve)(1 - t)
Component depreciation;
FIFO after-tax profit =
Financial Lease Reporting
Types of accounting changes: accounting principle
6. ROE = (NI/EBT)x(EBT/EBIT)x(EBIT/Rev)x(Rev/Asset)x(Asset/Eqty) or (tax burden)x(int. burden)x(EBITmargin)x(Aset TO)x(Fin Lvg)
Extended DuPont Equation...
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
The objective of f/s is to...
7. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Par Bond...
Activity Ratios
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Double-decline balance (DDB)
8. Both: Broadly consistent - lack fully developed concepts - FASB: Assets revaluations prohibited (except some financial instruments)
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Forecasting Financial Performance: Top Down Approach...
Fraud Triangle
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Measurement of Elements...
9. Refers to change in mgmt judgement Does NOT require restatement of prior pd earnings; Disclose in footnotes
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Premium Bond...
Types of accounting changes: accounting estimate
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
10. Assets: lower - Liabilities: lower - NI (Early yrs): higher - CFO: lower (b/c entire pymt is classed as CFO) - CFF: higher - Total CF: Same
Defined Benefit Plans
Disclosure for each segment...
Revaluation below historic cost...
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Operating Lease
11. Companies should not recognize revenue from barter transactions. The additional revenue is likely to improperly boost profits. While an unusually high sales-growth rate may indicate fraud - it could also indicate good management. It's a yellow flag -
Which of the following characteristics should be of least concerned about management's opportunities to commit fraud?
The best indicator of overstating its profits is...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
12. Impairment is recorded on a Contra asset account - revalued below original cost means contra asset account is 0 1) B/S asset reduced to FMV 2) Loss take to I/S 3) Reversal of org. loss allowed I/S 4) Increase above org. cost to equity (comprehenive
Antidilutive Securities
Revaluation below historic cost...
Income Statement
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
13. 1) understandability; 2) relevance; 3) reliability; and 4)comparability - No hierarchy
Taxation: Tax Payable
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
Disclosure for each segment...
14. 1st: Net Income - dividends declared = chg in are/E - Then: Dividends declared +/- chg dividends payable = cash dividends paid.
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Component depreciation;
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Calculate dividends declared...
15. Shares are to take over control - Subsidiary - Consolidate financials
Intercorporate Investment: > 50% votes...
Asset Capitalization
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
Barter (IASB & FASB)
16. FIFO: EI = newest purchases - LIFO: EI = oldest purchases - Avg. Costs: EI = Available for sale/Units - Specific ID: high value items (cars - diamonds etc)
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
Inventory Cost Flow Methods...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: underlying assumptions...
17. CFO = NI - means high quality of earnings but may be affect by the stage of business cycle and firm's life cycle - CFO > NI - means premature recognition of revenue or delayed recognition of expenses.
CFO Analysis...
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
ROE interpretation: if ROE is low...
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
18. Trade relief - Contingent consideration - Union concessions
What is the economic substance of financial (capital) lease?
Inv. Valuation reporting Inventory ABOVE costs...
Motivation to Under-report Earnings
The 4 Qualitative Characteristics of IFRS
19. Amount deductible in future tax return
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Zero Coupon Bond...
Net Realizable Value (NRV) (IFRS)
Tax base of an asset
Credit Analysis: Ratios
20. Loss that could not be deducted on the tax return in current period but may be used to reduce taxable income and taxes payable in future (i.e. warranty)
Debt covenants
Finance (capital) Lease criteria GAAP vs. IFRS
Tax Loss Carryforward...
Balance Sheet
21. Decreases DTA -> Decreases Net Income - [Decrease in Valuation Allowance; Increase DTA and Increases Net Income]
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
IASB
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
22. Interest Rec'd - CFO/CFI Divs Rec'd - CFO/CFI Interst Paid - CFO/CFF Divs Paid - CFF/CFO Overdraft = cash - not CFF
Intercorporate Investment: < 20% votes...
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - IFRS
Fraud Triangle
Fraud Triangle - 2) Opportunity
23. Assets - liabilities - and equity are presented in a single column.
Activity Based Restrictions
CFO - Indirect method steps...
Sustainable Growth
The report format of B/S
24. Reported ABOVE the line 1) G/(L) from disposal of a business segment 2) G/(L) from sale of investment in subsidiary 3) Provisions for environmental remediation - impairments - write-offs - write-downs - restructuring.4) Integration expense for recent
Cash Flow From Financing (USA) (Source of Cash)
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
Unusual OR Infrequent items...
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
25. Assets held for continuing usage in the business NOT for resale ( Invoice price - Sales Tax - Freight & Insurance - and Installation costs) 1) capitalize costs that result in higher future earnings 2) expense costs that have uncertain/NO impact on fu
3 C's for Credit Analysis...
Types of accounting changes...
An Increase in the Valuation Allowance Account...
Asset Capitalization
26. I/S: Income statement account/Sales - B/S: Balance sheet account/ Total Assets
Calculate dividends declared...
Types of accounting changes...
Vertical Common Size Statements...
Cash flow ratios
27. Carrying amount of the liability minus the amount that will be deductible in the future.
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Cash Flow From Operations (CFO) - FASB
Tax base on a liability
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
28. 1) Change in accounting principle; 2) Change in accounting estimate; 3) Prior period adjustments
Types of accounting changes...
Income Statement
Funded status of the pension plan (under US GAAP & IFRS) is reported where?
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
29. LT D-to-E = Total LT Debt / Total Equity - D-to-E = Total Debt / Total Equity - Financial leverage ratio = Total Assets/Total Equity - Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Asset - Debt-to-Capital = Total Debt/ Total Debt + SOE - All Solvency are ove
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: Recognition of Elements...
Tax base of an asset
Financial Ratios based on B/S: Solvency ratio
IASB
30. Interest expense = Coupon rate
Impact on the B/S of a Par Bond...
LIFO results in: (assuming inflationary period)
Units of Production Method
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
31. When Statutory tax rate does NOT equal Effective tax rate - Tax expense does note equal pretax income x statutory rate
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
Financial Liability: US GAAP/Fair Market Value
Low Quality Earnings is result of...
Sources of Differences: Permanent
32. Ineffective corp. ethical values; non-financial managers invovled in selection of accounting principles/estimates; History of violation; Focus on stock price and earning trends; Commitment to unrealistic/aggressive forecasts; Failure to correct known
Tax base of an asset
Credit Analysis: Ratios
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Fraud Triangle - 3) Attitude/rationalization
33. = LIFO ending inventory + LIFO reserve FIFO after-tax profit
FIFO ending inventory =
Characteristics of an effective framework
Types of accounting changes...
Inventory mangement: Low T/O (High DOH)...
34. (net income - preferred dividends)/weighted average of common shares outstanding - only income from continuing operations is considered
Disclosure for each segment...
Financial Ratio based on I/S...
BASIC EPS
Cost included in Inventory on b/s...
35. IFRS Allows firm to report PP&E at FMV less Accm' Depr' - Must disclose carrying vlaue using historic cost model.
Motivation to Understate Assets/Overstate Liabilities
From creditor POV: Int. Coverage;
Asset Revaluation: IFRS
To investigate the stability of that structure - Kilgore would be best served by looking at...
36. Asset is impaired if carrying value > recoverable amount - One-step process 1) Compare carrying value to: recoverable amount = the greater of the two. a) Fair value - selling costs b) Value in use = (PV of future cash flow from cont. use) - Loss reve
Financial Ration based on B/S: Liquidity Ratios
Balance Sheet - formats
Impairments recognition (IFRS)
The objective of f/s is to...
37. Divdends and share repurchases - Production and investment - M&A - New debt issuance - Payoff pattern and liquidation priority - Maintenance of assets used as collateral
Fundamental principles for PREPARING f/s under IFRS: (IAS No 10
Valuation allowance
Activity Based Restrictions
Warning Signs of Earnings Manipulation
38. PV of future obligation or the PV of the amount owed to employees for future pension benefits earned to date - Payments are determined based on expected final salary.
Defined Benefit Obligations (DBO)
Effects of Lease Classification on F/S - Finance Lease
Bond Issuance Cost under GAAP/IFRS
Credit Analysis: Ratios
39. 1) Results of operations and discussions of trend; 2) Capital resources - liquidity - and cash flow trends; 3) General business overview based on known trends; 4) Effects of trends - events - and uncertainties; 5) Discontinued operations - extraordin
B/S - Stockholders' Equity
MD&A contains...
Creative Cash Flows Accounting: Motivation
Double-decline balance (DDB)
40. To improve liquidity and leverage ratios
Reasons to Lease...
Motivation to Overstate Assets/Understate Liabilities
Sustainable Growth
Not all CF increase are Sustainable. Example of how Mgmt can Manipulate Cash Flow Statement
41. Part of indenture that place restrictions on the firm that protect bondholderns and increase value of the firm's bond - Breach is technical default
Debt covenants
Cash Flow From Investing (USA) (Assets)
Fraud Triangle
Statement of Cash Flow - relevance...
42. Nonreversal DTL - therefore it is permanent = Equity. therefore decrease in DTL = Increase in Equity - Reversal DTL - therefore it is temp = Liability
Operating Lease
Ending Inventory =
The account format of B/S
Taxation Analyst Adjustments...
43. 1) Purpose and context 2) Data Collection 3) Data Processing 4) Analysis/Interpretation of data 5) Develop conclusions and recommendations 6) Follow-up
Installment Method...
Steps of F/S Analysis
Deferred Tax Asset: (DTA)
CFO Analysis...
44. Both: purpose is to assist development & revision of accting stds - IASB: Firms must consider framework if no std exists - FASB: No express requirement to consider framework
IFRS/US GAAP Frameworks: purpose of framework
DTA Issues
Amortization of Bond Premium = (in/out flow) in the indirect method CFO
Fraud Triangle - 1) Incentive/Pressure
45. All DTA and DTL are classified as noncurrent under IFRS - Under U.S. GAAP - deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current according to the classification of the underlying asset or liability. Under IFRS - deferred tax a
Revaluation above historic cost...
Antidilutive Securities
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
Roles of financial reporting & analysis include...
46. 1) Lack physical form (patent - copyrights etc; 2) Good will is an ex. of an unidentifiable intangible asset - not amortized but subject to annual impairment reviews; 3) Identifiable intangibles are amortized.(eliminate goodwill from ratio analysis)
Inventory mangement: High T/O (low DOH) and sales growth below industry average
B/S - investments
4 General Categories for Creditworthiness/Capacity...
Intangible Assets
47. If any ONE out of the FOUR are met must be classifed as Financial Lease: 1) Title transfered to lessee at the end of lease; 2) Bargain purchase option at the end of the lease; 3) Lease period is at least 75% of asset's useful life; 4) The PV of least
Finance (capital) Lease criteria (under US GAAP)
Stock options: Use treasury stock method
BASIC EPS
One major difference between the presentation of deferred tax assets and liabilities under IFRS and under U.S. GAAP is that...
48. 1) Capitalize interst during construction period when building its own operating facility; 2) Interest must actually be paid by the firm; 3) Specific and general debt interest is capitalized
Cash Conversion Cycle =
The account format of B/S
Capitalization of Interest...
BASIC EPS
49. CFO: cash interest expense - CFF: increased by amount rcvd at issuance and decreased by payment made at redemption - CFO is higher and CFF is lower
Impact on the B/S of a Premium Bond...
Activity Based Restrictions
Impact on the Cash Flow of a Discount Bond...
Cost recovery method...
50. US Gaap: lower of cost or market value - (does NOT allow subsequent reverasals) - IFRS: lower of cost or NET realizable value - (allows subsequent reversals)
Inventory Valuatoin (LCM)
Forecasting Financial Performance: Application
Under Completed Contract Method...
Common Size Statement