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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






2. Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer






3. The process where plants are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






4. A grass yielding grain for food






5. Agricultural hearth






6. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






7. An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution






8. The technique of separating metals from ores.






9. Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants - but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals






10. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






11. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures






12. Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples - which are produced - usually in developing countries - for export






13. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






14. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






15. Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals - as well as land used for grazing






16. Type of specialized farming occuring only in the areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails along the shores of the Mediterranean sea






17. The outer covering of a seed






18. A machine that cuts grain standing in the field






19. Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates - water evaporates quickly off the ground surface - leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile






20. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






21. Also Neolithic Revolution. The period of time about 12 -000 years ago when the humans transitioned from hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement bands due to the use of plant and animal domestication.






22. The use of genetically engineered crops in agricutlure and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Example: radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness






23. Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds - which result from sexual fertilization






24. The period of time approximately 250 years after the start of the Second Agricultural Revolution continuing into the present - with three distinctive features. The lines distinguishing agriculture as primary - secondary - and tertiary activities are






25. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






26. A machine that reaps - threshes - and cleans grain while moving over a field






27. Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer






28. The period of time in 17th and 18th century Europe where farming underwent significant changes. Tools and equipment were modified. Methods of soil preparation - fertilization - crop care - and harvesting improved. The general organization of agricult






29. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






30. Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils - steep slopes - or torrential seasonal rains






31. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals






32. Commercial gardening and fruit farming - so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities






33. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






34. Degradation of land - especially in semiarid areas - primarily because of human actions like excessive crop platning - animal grazing - and tree cutting






35. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area






36. Seed of a cereal grain






37. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






38. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period






39. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing






40. Another name for shifting cultivation - so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris






41. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land






42. An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely - activities t






43. Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods such as machinery - tools - vehicles - and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods - a process requiring very little human labor






44. To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind






45. An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals - such as cattle - horses - sheep - and goats






46. In agriculture - the replacement of human labor with technology or machines






47. Crops not grown for sustenance to include tea - cacao - coffee - and tobacco






48. To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it






49. The most productive farmland






50. Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season