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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution






2. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution - typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides






3. System of planting crops on ridge tops - in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation






4. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






5. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






6. The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied






7. Malay word for wet rice - commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah






8. An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals - such as cattle - horses - sheep - and goats






9. The process where animals are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






10. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land






11. A flooded field for growing rice






12. The period of time approximately 250 years after the start of the Second Agricultural Revolution continuing into the present - with three distinctive features. The lines distinguishing agriculture as primary - secondary - and tertiary activities are






13. Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season






14. Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples - which are produced - usually in developing countries - for export






15. Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds - which result from sexual fertilization






16. The use of genetically engineered crops in agricutlure and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Example: radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness






17. Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer






18. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






19. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






20. Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals - as well as land used for grazing






21. The process where plants are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






22. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology - especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers






23. A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food - clothing - and shelter






24. Rice planted on dryland in a nursery - then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth






25. The most productive farmland






26. The technique of separating metals from ores.






27. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






28. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






29. Commercial gardening and fruit farming - so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities






30. A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale - usually to a more developed country






31. Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils - steep slopes - or torrential seasonal rains






32. Agricultural hearth






33. The process of urban areas expanding outwards - usually in the form of suburbs - and developing over fertile agricultural land






34. Crops not grown for sustenance to include tea - cacao - coffee - and tobacco






35. In agriculture - the replacement of human labor with technology or machines






36. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






37. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing






38. A machine that cuts grain standing in the field






39. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area






40. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures






41. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






42. Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield






43. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






44. Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants - but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals






45. A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning






46. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






47. Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates - water evaporates quickly off the ground surface - leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile






48. Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer






49. A machine that reaps - threshes - and cleans grain while moving over a field






50. Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods such as machinery - tools - vehicles - and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods - a process requiring very little human labor







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