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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






2. A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food - clothing - and shelter






3. Type of specialized farming occuring only in the areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails along the shores of the Mediterranean sea






4. An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely - activities t






5. Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season






6. A machine that reaps - threshes - and cleans grain while moving over a field






7. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area






8. The period of time approximately 250 years after the start of the Second Agricultural Revolution continuing into the present - with three distinctive features. The lines distinguishing agriculture as primary - secondary - and tertiary activities are






9. Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer






10. In agriculture - the replacement of human labor with technology or machines






11. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






12. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period






13. A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning






14. Degradation of land - especially in semiarid areas - primarily because of human actions like excessive crop platning - animal grazing - and tree cutting






15. Harvesting twice a year from the same field






16. An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution






17. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






18. Malay word for wet rice - commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah






19. Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield






20. The process of urban areas expanding outwards - usually in the form of suburbs - and developing over fertile agricultural land






21. Commercial gardening and fruit farming - so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities






22. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






23. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






24. Rice planted on dryland in a nursery - then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth






25. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






26. The outer covering of a seed






27. An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area






28. An agricultural activity associated with the raising of domesticated animals - such as cattle - horses - sheep - and goats






29. The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied






30. Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate






31. Agricultural hearth






32. The growing of fruits - vegetables - and flowers






33. The process where plants are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






34. System of planting crops on ridge tops - in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation






35. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






36. The process where animals are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






37. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






38. A machine that cuts grain standing in the field






39. Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family






40. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution - typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides






41. The most productive farmland






42. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






43. A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale - usually to a more developed country






44. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






45. A flooded field for growing rice






46. The use of genetically engineered crops in agricutlure and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Example: radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness






47. Also Neolithic Revolution. The period of time about 12 -000 years ago when the humans transitioned from hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement bands due to the use of plant and animal domestication.






48. A grass yielding grain for food






49. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures






50. The period of time in 17th and 18th century Europe where farming underwent significant changes. Tools and equipment were modified. Methods of soil preparation - fertilization - crop care - and harvesting improved. The general organization of agricult







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