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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






2. Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils - steep slopes - or torrential seasonal rains






3. Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful






4. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






5. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






6. Type of specialized farming occuring only in the areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails along the shores of the Mediterranean sea






7. The outer covering of a seed






8. To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it






9. Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds - which result from sexual fertilization






10. Rice planted on dryland in a nursery - then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth






11. The period of time in 17th and 18th century Europe where farming underwent significant changes. Tools and equipment were modified. Methods of soil preparation - fertilization - crop care - and harvesting improved. The general organization of agricult






12. An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely - activities t






13. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals






14. Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates - water evaporates quickly off the ground surface - leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile






15. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing






16. Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples - which are produced - usually in developing countries - for export






17. The period of time approximately 250 years after the start of the Second Agricultural Revolution continuing into the present - with three distinctive features. The lines distinguishing agriculture as primary - secondary - and tertiary activities are






18. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






19. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area






20. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






21. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period






22. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






23. To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind






24. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






25. An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area






26. The process of urban areas expanding outwards - usually in the form of suburbs - and developing over fertile agricultural land






27. An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution






28. The use of genetically engineered crops in agricutlure and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Example: radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness






29. A grass yielding grain for food






30. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






31. Malay word for wet rice - commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah






32. Commercial gardening and fruit farming - so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities






33. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology - especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers






34. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






35. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






36. The growing of fruits - vegetables - and flowers






37. A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale - usually to a more developed country






38. Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family






39. Also Neolithic Revolution. The period of time about 12 -000 years ago when the humans transitioned from hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement bands due to the use of plant and animal domestication.






40. Harvesting twice a year from the same field






41. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land






42. A flooded field for growing rice






43. The technique of separating metals from ores.






44. The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied






45. A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning






46. Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer






47. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution - typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides






48. Crops not grown for sustenance to include tea - cacao - coffee - and tobacco






49. A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food - clothing - and shelter






50. When cash crops are grown on large estates







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