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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Also Neolithic Revolution. The period of time about 12 -000 years ago when the humans transitioned from hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement bands due to the use of plant and animal domestication.






2. Agricultural hearth






3. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






4. Seed of a cereal grain






5. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






6. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures






7. Commercial gardening and fruit farming - so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities






8. Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals - as well as land used for grazing






9. The growing of fruits - vegetables - and flowers






10. The process where animals are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






11. Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples - which are produced - usually in developing countries - for export






12. Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer






13. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing






14. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






15. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






16. A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land






17. Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate






18. An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activities in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely - activities t






19. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






20. The process of urban areas expanding outwards - usually in the form of suburbs - and developing over fertile agricultural land






21. The process where plants are artificially selected and become accustomed to human provision and control.






22. Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates - water evaporates quickly off the ground surface - leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile






23. A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food - clothing - and shelter






24. An agricultural economy found in communist nations in which the government controls both agricultural production and distribution






25. The outer covering of a seed






26. System of planting crops on ridge tops - in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation






27. To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind






28. A machine that reaps - threshes - and cleans grain while moving over a field






29. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution - typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides






30. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology - especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers






31. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






32. Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils - steep slopes - or torrential seasonal rains






33. The technique of separating metals from ores.






34. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period






35. Chemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants - but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals






36. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






37. The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied






38. The period of time in 17th and 18th century Europe where farming underwent significant changes. Tools and equipment were modified. Methods of soil preparation - fertilization - crop care - and harvesting improved. The general organization of agricult






39. A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale - usually to a more developed country






40. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






41. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals






42. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






43. Rice planted on dryland in a nursery - then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth






44. To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it






45. Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds - which result from sexual fertilization






46. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






47. A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning






48. Type of specialized farming occuring only in the areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails along the shores of the Mediterranean sea






49. Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer






50. Degradation of land - especially in semiarid areas - primarily because of human actions like excessive crop platning - animal grazing - and tree cutting