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Agriculture Vocab

Subjects : science, agriculture
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Also Neolithic Revolution. The period of time about 12 -000 years ago when the humans transitioned from hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement bands due to the use of plant and animal domestication.






2. Rice planted on dryland in a nursery - then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth






3. Process that occurs when soils in arid areas are brought under cultivation through irrigation. In arid climates - water evaporates quickly off the ground surface - leaving salty residues that render the soil infertile






4. The period of time in 17th and 18th century Europe where farming underwent significant changes. Tools and equipment were modified. Methods of soil preparation - fertilization - crop care - and harvesting improved. The general organization of agricult






5. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain






6. Crops produced without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides or fertilizers






7. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm






8. Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season






9. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution - typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides






10. A machine that reaps - threshes - and cleans grain while moving over a field






11. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period






12. Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family






13. A machine that cuts grain standing in the field






14. Seed of a cereal grain






15. Agricultural hearth






16. A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning






17. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology - especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers






18. Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing






19. Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants






20. A flooded field for growing rice






21. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year - to avoid exhausting the soil.






22. Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes - such as disease resistance - increased productivity - or nutritional value allowing growers greater control - predictability - and e






23. Area located in the crescent-shaped zone near the southeastern Mediterranean coast (including Iraq - Syria - Lebanon - and Turkey) - which was once a lush environment and one of the first hearths of domestication and thus agricultural activity






24. To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it






25. System of planting crops on ridge tops - in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation






26. To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind






27. In agriculture - the replacement of human labor with technology or machines






28. The rapid economic changes that occurred in agriculture and manufacturing in England in the late 18th century and that rapidly spread to other parts of the developed world






29. Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate






30. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals






31. Crops including items like peanuts and pineapples - which are produced - usually in developing countries - for export






32. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures






33. The growing of fruits - vegetables - and flowers






34. The most productive farmland






35. Loss of the top fertile layer of soil is lost through erosion. It is a tremendous problem in areas with fragile soils - steep slopes - or torrential seasonal rains






36. Harvesting twice a year from the same field






37. Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labor to be successful






38. Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer






39. A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area






40. Form of agriculture that uses mechanical goods such as machinery - tools - vehicles - and facilities to produce large amounts of agricultural goods - a process requiring very little human labor






41. The period of time approximately 250 years after the start of the Second Agricultural Revolution continuing into the present - with three distinctive features. The lines distinguishing agriculture as primary - secondary - and tertiary activities are






42. Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals - as well as land used for grazing






43. The use of genetically engineered crops in agricutlure and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. Example: radiation of meats and vegetables to prolong their freshness






44. Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield






45. When cash crops are grown on large estates






46. A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale - usually to a more developed country






47. Commercial agriculture combined with characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry - usually through ownership by large corporations






48. Each town or market is surrounded by a cet of more-or-less concentric rings within which particular commodities or crops dominated.






49. Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds - which result from sexual fertilization






50. The process of urban areas expanding outwards - usually in the form of suburbs - and developing over fertile agricultural land







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