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AP Physics B: Formulas

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. F(spring) = -kx
Force of Spring
F=BIL
Fny=FnCos?
F=Gm1m2/r

2. The three kinematics equations
W is positive when work is done on the system - compression - W is negative when work is done by the system - expansion
Vf=Vi+ at - Vf=Vi +2ad - d=1/2 a t +vit
T=2pvm/k
V=vFt/(m/l)

3. Continuity equation [Conservation of mass]
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work
n1sin?1=n2sin?2
A1V1=A2V2
F=BIL

4. x = x0 + v0t + at
Archimedes Principle/Bouyancy
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
Fnx=FnSin?
moment arm - perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation

5. U(gravitational) = -(Gm1m2/r)
Gravitational Potential Energy Anywhere
PE=mgh
E=F/q (point charge)=KQ1/r BREAK INTO VECTORS
on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current - thumb will point in north pole direction

6. F(friction) = N
Force of Friction
P1atm + 1/2rhoV1 + rhogh= P2atm + 1/2rhoV2 + rhogh
shows magnetic field created by a current. Thumb in direction of the current - fingers show direction of field
Average Molecular Kinetic Energy

7. snells law
T=2pvm/k
n1sin?1=n2sin?2
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time

8. Velocity of sound in a strong
Fnet=rhofluid vfluid g -rho object vobject g where the volumes are usually equal
T=2pvm/k
clockwise
V=vFt/(m/l)

9. v = v0 + at
Kinematic with Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current - thumb will point in north pole direction
Vab=Rated voltage-IR (r=internal resistance)
moment arm - perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation

10. Series Circuits
T=2pvm/k
V=added - I=constant - R= added
Ideal Gas Law
W=Fd=mad - direction of force must be same as direction of distance

11. torque
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
px and py are conserved
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
?U=W - no heat added system (Q=0)

12. e = abs(W/Q)
V=vFt/(m/l)
Fgx=FgCos?
1ev=1.6E-19J
Efficiency of a Heat Engine

13. Voltmeter
Constructive: 2t=m?+1/2? - Destructive: 2t=m?
Centripetal Acceleration
PV=nRT - PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
added in parallel - measures volts - high resistance

14. Banked curve - sum of the forces in the y
W=Fd=mad - direction of force must be same as direction of distance
V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
Fy=FnCos?-Fg
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work

15. On an inclined plane - gravity in the y
Fgy=FgSin?
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added
V=vFt/(m/l)
n1sin?1=n2sin90

16. P(avg) = W/?t
Power from Energy
General Pressure
273K and 1.013E5 pa
a=v/r

17. Adiabatic process
General Pressure
Power from Force
V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
?U=W - no heat added system (Q=0)

18. H = (kA?T)/L
V=constant - Q=added - C=added
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
Thermal Conductivity
Ug= Gm1m2/r

19. Energy in a capacitor
1/2QV=U
Average Speed of each Molecule
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
Pin=Pout=Fin/Ain=Fout/Aout

20. Negative torque
Average Speed of each Molecule
clockwise
V=added - I=constant - R= added
q=K?AT/L

21. Ideal gas laws
P=F/A=rho(g)h
PV=nRT - PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
n1sin?1=n2sin?2
Kinetic Energy

22. 1st right hand rule
in series - measures current - low resistance
shows magnetic field created by a current. Thumb in direction of the current - fingers show direction of field
PE=mgh
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time

23. Elastic collision
billiard balls - no sticking total energy is conserved
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
General Pressure
Ug= Gm1m2/r

24. Natural frequency open tube/not in a tub
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
Average Speed of each Molecule
Vf=Vi+ at - Vf=Vi +2ad - d=1/2 a t +vit
L=n/2?

25. Impulse
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
Kinetic Energy
V=added - Q=constant - C= 1/C
J=?vm=F?t

26. Simple density formula
T=2pvm/k
I=?q/?t
F=kx
rho=m/v

27. W
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added
Pin=Pout=Fin/Ain=Fout/Aout
E=F/q (point charge)=KQ1/r BREAK INTO VECTORS
W is positive when work is done on the system - compression - W is negative when work is done by the system - expansion

28. Voltage-charges formula (2)
V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
V=vFt/(m/l)
Thermal Conductivity
Fnet=Fb-Fg

29. On a banked curve in circular motion - Fn in the x is
Kinetic Energy
Fnx=FnSin?
Fnet=Fb-Fg
Fgy=FgSin?

30. Centripetal force
?U=W - no heat added system (Q=0)
Constructive: 2t=m?+1/2? - Destructive: 2t=m?
rho=m/v
f=mv/r

31. e = (T(hot) - T(cold))/T(hot)
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work
PE=1/2kx
Fnx=FnSin?
Efficiency of an Ideal Engine

32. Carnot engine
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
Fy=FnCos?-Fg
Vf=Vi+ at - Vf=Vi +2ad - d=1/2 a t +vit
Adiabatic and isothermal processes ec= TH-TL/

33. Average kinetic energy
counterclockwise
Kavg=(3/2)kbT
273K and 1.013E5 pa
E=-N Change in flux/?t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)

34. vrms (2 equations)
Archimedes Principle/Bouyancy
v3kT/m [mass per molecule] - v3RT/M [molar mass]
Bernoulli Principal
P=Patm + rho g h

35. Hookes law
Efficiency of a Heat Engine
F=kx
Pressure from Depth
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force

36. Momentum
P=mv (Kg m/s) or (N s)
counterclockwise
P=W/T=FD/T=FV
Vf=Vi+ at - Vf=Vi +2ad - d=1/2 a t +vit

37. P + pgy + pv = const.
Average Speed of each Molecule
Bernoulli Principal
?v=0 - w=0 area under the curve is zero
A1V1=A2V2

38. natural frequencies in a closed tube
L=n/4? has to be odd numbers
T=2pr/v
V=added - I=constant - R= added
on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current - thumb will point in north pole direction

39. Vectors in momentum
P=IV
Ideal Gas Law
Period in General
px and py are conserved

40. Power - simple formula (mechanics)
Power from Force
P=W/T=FD/T=FV
P=F/A=rho(g)h
F=ma

41. Total internal reflection
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
A1V1=A2V2
Kavg=(3/2)kbT
n1sin?1=n2sin90

42. K = (3/2)kT
T=2pvl/g
E=-N Change in flux/?t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)
clockwise
Average Molecular Kinetic Energy

43. Positive torque
counterclockwise
F=Bvsin?q
?P=rho(g)?h
Momentum

44. Flux
Fnx=FnSin?
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
px and py are conserved
Period in General

45. Change in pressure
P=W/T=FD/T=FV
P=IV
W is positive when work is done on the system - compression - W is negative when work is done by the system - expansion
?P=rho(g)?h

46. Standard pressure and temperature and pressure
C=KepA/d
273K and 1.013E5 pa
rho=m/v
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added

47. Simple harmonic motion - pendulum
Centripetal Acceleration
Q=CV
px and py are conserved
T=2pvl/g

48. P = P0 + pgh
Work
Pressure from Depth
QH=QL +W and e=W/QH
W=Fd=mad - direction of force must be same as direction of distance

49. Isothermal process
L=n/4? has to be odd numbers
Temperature is constant - ?U=0 - -Q=W
V=Ed
F=BIL

50. Net force/apparent weight in forces
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
Constructive: 2t=m?+1/2? - Destructive: 2t=m?
PV=nRT - PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
Fnet=Fb-Fg

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AP Physics B: Formulas

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