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AP Physics B: Formulas

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Flux
Average Speed of each Molecule
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
n1sin?1=n2sin90

2. e = (T(hot) - T(cold))/T(hot)
Efficiency of an Ideal Engine
General Pressure
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
A1V1=A2V2

3. Simple density formula
rho=m/v
F=kQ1Q2/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
Adiabatic and isothermal processes ec= TH-TL/
Vab=Rated voltage-IR (r=internal resistance)

4. A1V1 = A2V2
Continuity
Efficiency of an Ideal Engine
f=mv²/r
q=K?AT/L

5. Capacitance
1ev=1.6E-19J
Force of Friction
Q=CV
V=added - I=constant - R= added

6. Vsound
V=(331 +.6T) T=temp in Celsius
moment arm - perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation
Spring Potential Energy
E=-N Change in flux/?t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)

7. Total internal reflection
T=2pvm/k
n1sin?1=n2sin90
Pin=Pout=Fin/Ain=Fout/Aout
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added

8. Voltage across a battery terminal
?v=0 - w=0 area under the curve is zero
Vab=Rated voltage-IR (r=internal resistance)
n1sin?1=n2sin90
W=Fd=mad - direction of force must be same as direction of distance

9. Negative torque
Ug= Gm1m2/r
on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current - thumb will point in north pole direction
clockwise
P=Patm + rho g h

10. torque
Work
F=Gm1m2/r²
clockwise
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation

11. Basic thermo equation
Fny=FnCos?
SG=rho object/10³
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work
Power from Force

12. Pressure (2 formulas)
Fny=FnCos?
F=Gm1m2/r²
Pressure is constant ?P=0 w=-P?V
P=F/A=rho(g)h

13. Dialectrics insulating sheet between plates
T=2pvm/k
C=KepA/d
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added
P1atm + 1/2rhoV1² + rhogh= P2atm + 1/2rhoV2² + rhogh

14. H = (kA?T)/L
PV=nRT - PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
Fnet=Fb-Fg
PE=1/2kx²
Thermal Conductivity

15. Change in pressure
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A
?P=rho(g)?h
t=Fr - force must be perpendicular to the moment arm and the axis of rotation
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?

16. e = abs(W/Q)
Efficiency of a Heat Engine
Temperature is constant - ?U=0 - -Q=W
Fgx=FgCos?
Continuity

17. Natural frequency open tube/not in a tub
sum of voltages must be zero
SG=rho object/10³
L=n/2?
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force

18. The three kinematics equations
V=Ed
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
Gravitational Potential Energy Anywhere
Vf=Vi+ at - Vf²=Vi² +2ad - d=1/2 a t² +vit

19. Voltage-charges formula (2)
Fny=FnCos?
Fy=FnCos?-Fg
?L=(coefficient of linear expansion)aLinitial?T
V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS

20. heat flow through a window or door
q=K?AT/L
Fnx=FnSin?
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
n1sin?1=n2sin?2

21. Potential energy
SG=rho object/10³
n1sin?1=n2sin?2
PE=mgh
n1sin?1=n2sin90

22. K = (3/2)kT
1/2QV=U
Average Molecular Kinetic Energy
T=2pvl/g
v3kT/m [mass per molecule] - v3RT/M [molar mass]

23. Bernoulli's Equation [Conservation of energy]
E=F/q (point charge)=KQ1/r² BREAK INTO VECTORS
Efficiency of a Heat Engine
Fgy=FgSin?
P1atm + 1/2rhoV1² + rhogh= P2atm + 1/2rhoV2² + rhogh

24. Isobaric process
P=F/A=rho(g)h
Pressure is constant ?P=0 w=-P?V
V=added - Q=constant - C= 1/C
Efficiency of a Heat Engine

25. F-F or NF-NF
Power from Energy
V=Ed
Constructive: 2t=m? - Destructive: 2t=m?+1/2?
Continuity

26. Average kinetic energy
Spring Potential Energy
Kavg=(3/2)kbT
Efficiency of a Heat Engine
Kinetic Energy

27. P + pgy + ½pv² = const.
273K and 1.013E5 pa
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work
PE=1/2kx²
Bernoulli Principal

28. Carnot engine
Fgy=FgSin?
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
Adiabatic and isothermal processes ec= TH-TL/
J=?vm=F?t

29. x = x0 + v0t + ½at²
Fny=FnCos?
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
C=KepA/d
a=v²/r

30. Continuity equation [Conservation of mass]
A1V1=A2V2
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
Period in General
clockwise

31. 1st right hand rule
moment arm - perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation
Sum of all currents (I) entering=sum of all currents (I) leaving
shows magnetic field created by a current. Thumb in direction of the current - fingers show direction of field
f=mv²/r

32. PE of a spring
a=v²/r
counterclockwise
Gravitational Potential Energy Anywhere
PE=1/2kx²

33. Net force/apparent weight in forces
Fnet=Fb-Fg
Kinematic with Velocity - Acceleration - and Displacement
Continuity
V=added - Q=constant - C= 1/C

34. Energy in a capacitor
W=KEf-KEi
F=BIL
1/2QV=U
Efficiency of a Heat Engine

35. Work - simple formula
V=added - Q=constant - C= 1/C
PV=nRT - PV=N (# of molecules)kb (bozons constant)T
W=Fd=mad - direction of force must be same as direction of distance
1ev=1.6E-19J

36. 3rd right hand rule
Fnet=rhofluid vfluid g -rho object vobject g where the volumes are usually equal
Kinetic Energy
J=?vm=F?t
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force

37. Thermal expansion
Fgy=FgSin?
Pressure is constant ?P=0 w=-P?V
?L=(coefficient of linear expansion)aLinitial?T
?U=W - no heat added system (Q=0)

38. Force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field
A1V1=A2V2
V=added - Q=constant - C= 1/C
F=BIL
SG=rho object/10³

39. Force buoyancy (2 formulas)
T=2pvm/k
Fb=mf g= rhof Vf g
P=IV
Flux (in webers)=Bcos?A

40. EMF (two formulas)
px and py are conserved
?U=Q + W - heat added= heat + work
V=constant - I=added - R=1/r added
E=-N Change in flux/?t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)

41. p = mv
PE=mgh
V=vFt/(m/l)
E=-N Change in flux/?t=Blv (v=velocity of the wire)
Momentum

42. Critical speed is
Fy=FnCos?-Fg
on a solenoid wrap finger around direction of current - thumb will point in north pole direction
Archimedes Principle/Bouyancy
Ft=0

43. Simple harmonic motion - pendulum
T=2pvl/g
Sum of all currents (I) entering=sum of all currents (I) leaving
Efficiency of a Heat Engine
F=Bvsin?q

44. snells law
V=W/Q=KQ/r NO VECTORS
n1sin?1=n2sin?2
Fy=FnCos?-Fg
sum of voltages must be zero

45. vrms (2 equations)
Kinematic with Velocity - Acceleration - and Displacement
v3kT/m [mass per molecule] - v3RT/M [molar mass]
Bernoulli Principal
added in parallel - measures volts - high resistance

46. W
Kinematic with Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration - and Time
W is positive when work is done on the system - compression - W is negative when work is done by the system - expansion
Work
Fnx=FnSin?

47. Magnitude of gravitational forces between objects
Pressure from Depth
Period in General
F=Gm1m2/r²
L=n/2?

48. Period for circular motion
P=F/A=rho(g)h
T=2pr/v
F=ma
billiard balls - no sticking total energy is conserved

49. F(spring) = -kx
C=KepA/d
Force of Spring
thumb in direction of proton - fingers in direction of magnetic field and palm will show you force
I=?q/?t

50. On an inclined plane - gravity in the x
Fgx=FgCos?
moment arm - perpendicular distance from the force to the axis of rotation
T=2pvl/g
Force of Friction

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AP Physics B: Formulas

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