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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






2. Populations do






3. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






4. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






5. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






6. Stable temperatures






7. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






8. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






9. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






10. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






11. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






12. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






13. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






15. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






16. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






17. Allele and genotype frequencies






18. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






19. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






20. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






21. What organisms look like and how they behave






22. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






23. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






24. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






25. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






26. Proportion of genotype in population






27. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






28. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






29. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






30. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






31. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






32. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






33. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






34. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






36. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






37. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






38. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






39. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






40. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






41. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






42. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






43. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






44. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






45. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






46. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






47. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






48. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






49. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






50. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills