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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One loci
Qualitative
Negative feedback
Loop of Henle
Satiation
2. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Macroevolution
Endemic
Leptin
Evolutionary trend
3. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Nitrogenous wastes
Insulin
Ketones
Aldosterone
4. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Osmoregulators
Ketones
Nitrogenous wastes
Heterotopy
5. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Lower critical temperature
Genotype frequency
Missense Substitution
Hypothalamus
6. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Artificial selection
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Habitat patches
Honest signal
7. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Heterotopy
Acclimatization
Genotype frequency
Stabilizing Selection
8. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Individuals do not evolve
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Muscle tissue
Disruptive selection
9. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Honest signal
Metabolism
Conduction
Negative feedback
10. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Loop of Henle
Gastrulation
Habitat patches
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
11. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Allele frequency formula
Size in BMR
Sexual selection
Kidney
12. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Artificial directional selection
Evaporation
Mutation
13. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Quantitative
Metabolic rate
Malpighian tubules
14. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Osmoregulators
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Qualitative
Population density
15. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Fitness
Silent substitution
Interstitial fluid
16. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Thermal insulation
Gene duplication
Darwin's book
Endotherms
17. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Loop of Henle
Heterozygote populations
Sexual selection
Basal Metabolic Rate
18. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Heterochrony
Osmoconformers
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Silent substitution
19. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Stabilizing Selection
Calorie
Intrasexual Selection
MR equation
20. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Individuals do not evolve
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Phenotype
21. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Ectotherms
Insulin
Deleterious
Obesity
22. Low glucose level in blood
Aldosterone
Orthologs
Reabsorption
Hypoglycemia
23. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obesity
Sexual selection
Nervous tissue
Obligatory Exchanges
24. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Size in BMR
Orthologs
Post absorptive stage
Stabilizing Selection
25. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Alleles
Missense Substitution
Heterozygote populations
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
26. Proportion of allele in population
Allele frequency
Alleles
Three theories of Darwin
Individuals do not evolve
27. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Ectotherms
Positive feedback
Directional selection
Habitat patches
28. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Orthologs
Hypothalamus
Fever
Temperature sensitivity
29. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Excess Glucose
Three theories of Darwin
Osmoregulators
Absorbed amino acids
30. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Temperature sensitivity
Loop of Henle
Thermal insulation
31. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Radiation
Daily torpor
Artificial directional selection
32. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Epithelial tissue
Meiosis
Radiation
Dobzhansky Muller Model
33. Harmful mutation
Deleterious
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Geographic Range
Interstitial fluid
34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Epithelial tissue
Hypothalamus
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Genetic structure
35. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Aldosterone
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Glycogenolysis
Directional selection
36. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Bowman's capsule
Heat budget equation
Founder effect
Adaptation
37. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Ammonotelic
Electrolytes
Genetic structure
38. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Absorbed amino acids
Missense Substitution
Directional selection
Nucleotide Substitution
39. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Nephron
Hemodialysis
Tubule
Intrasexual Selection
40. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
P53
Vestigial structures
Mutation
41. Ability to compete for mates
Qualitative
Vestigial structures
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Intrasexual Selection
42. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Hemodialysis
Brown fat
Missense Substitution
43. Fluctuating temperatures
Size in BMR
Aldosterone
Heterotherms
Kidney
44. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Reabsorption
Interstitial fluid
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Genome size
45. Several loci
Heat budget equation
Muscle tissue
Microevolution
Quantitative
46. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Antidiuretic hormone
Hypothalamus
Conduction
Osmoconformers
47. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Convection
Evaporation
Endemic
Habitat
48. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Kidney
Excretory organs
Hypothalamus
Founder effect
49. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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50. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Genotype frequency
Mutation
3 germ layers
Homeostasis