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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allele and genotype frequencies
Nitrogenous wastes
Genetic structure
Habitat
Interstitial fluid
2. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Heterochrony
Three theories of Darwin
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Epithelial tissue
3. The Origin of Species 1859
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4. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Genetic structure
Obesity
Gene Flow
5. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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6. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Basal Metabolic Rate
Ketones
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
7. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Selfing
Temperature sensitivity
Absorptive phase
Habitat
8. BMI of 30 or greater
Missense Substitution
Obesity
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Tubule
9. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Habitat patches
Loop of Henle
Metabolic rate
Stabilizing Selection
10. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Brown fat
Evolutionary trend
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Gene duplication
11. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Neutral Theory
Allele frequency
Thermal insulation
Microevolution
12. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Disruptive selection
Muscle tissue
Vestigial structures
Tubule
13. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Neutral Theory
Disruptive selection
Excess Glucose
Metabolism
14. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Founder effect
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Lower critical temperature
Geographic Range
15. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Intrasexual Selection
Artificial selection
Deleterious
16. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Homeotherms
Meiosis
Nucleotide Substitution
Gastrulation
17. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Nucleotide Substitution
Antidiuretic hormone
3 germ layers
Diploid
18. Humans do this through clothing
Thermal insulation
Excretory organs
P53
Kidney
19. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Alleles
Excess Glucose
Nucleotide Substitution
Lateral gene transfer
20. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Major blood buffer
Aldosterone
Metanephridia
21. Different form of a gene
Genotype frequency
Lower critical temperature
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Alleles
22. What organisms look like and how they behave
Sexual selection
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Phenotype
Osmolarity
23. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Ammonotelic
Geographic Range
Darwin's book
Sexual selection
24. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Obesity
Energy expenditure
Habitat patches
25. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Aldosterone
Lateral gene transfer
Geographic Range
Mutation
26. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Metanephridia
Hypoglycemia
Stabilizing Selection
Population density
27. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Darwin's book
Psuedogenes
Heterozygote populations
Vestigial structures
28. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Phenotype
Osmoregulators
Gene Flow
Vasa recta
29. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Stabilizing Selection
Vasa recta
Radiation
Osmoregulators
30. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Metabolic rate
Lipoprotein lipase
Endotherms
Thermal insulation
31. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Tubule
Nitrogenous wastes
Hypoglycemia
Allele frequency formula
32. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Lipoprotein lipase
Hypothalamus
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Artificial directional selection
33. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Glomerulus
Cold fish vs hot fish
Muller's Ratchet
Heat budget equation
34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Epithelial tissue
Metabolism
Meiosis
Vestigial structures
35. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Habitat patches
Muscle tissue
Obesity
Alleles
36. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Brown fat
Feedforward information
Basal Metabolic Rate
Chief monomers absorbed
37. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Neutral Theory
Brown fat
Honest signal
Metabolic rate
38. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Hypothalamus
Post absorptive stage
Epithelial tissue
Intracellular fluid
39. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Electrolytes
Positive feedback
Osmoregulators
Aldosterone
40. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Lower critical temperature
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Basal Metabolic Rate
41. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Gastrulation
Interstitial fluid
Insulin
Three theories of Darwin
42. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Feedforward information
Convection
Excess Glucose
Artificial directional selection
43. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Positive feedback
Basal Metabolic Rate
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Post absorptive stage
44. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Silent substitution
Bowman's capsule
Diploid
45. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Reabsorption
Sexual selection
Excretory system functions
Homeostasis
46. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Fever
Absorptive phase
Dehydration
47. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Radiation
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Homeostasis
Basal Metabolic Rate
48. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Excretory system functions
Honest signal
Artificial directional selection
Disruptive selection
49. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Population density
Genetic Drift
Metabolic rate
Orthologs
50. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Three theories of Darwin
Absorptive phase
Antidiuretic hormone
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium