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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Diploid
Gluconeogenesis
Geographic Range
Absorbed amino acids
2. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Calorie
Satiation
3 germ layers
3. Ability to compete for mates
Adaptation
Malpighian tubules
Geographic Range
Intrasexual Selection
4. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Meiosis
Metabolism
Osmoregulators
Silent substitution
5. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Exon shuffling
Habitat
Endotherms
Hypoglycemia
6. Total number of individuals in a population
Nitrogenous wastes
Population size
Lipoprotein lipase
Alleles
7. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Gene Flow
MR equation
Individuals do not evolve
Psuedogenes
8. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Molecular Evolution
Osmoregulators
Fever
Excretory organs
9. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Hemodialysis
Evaporation
Heterotopy
Natural selection
10. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Heat budget equation
Secretion
Alleles
Exon shuffling
11. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Genetic structure
Ketones
Leptin
Macroevolution
12. Wallace
Deleterious
Calorie
Daily torpor
Other guy who came up with natural selection
13. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Genetic structure
Conduction
Feedforward information
Convection
14. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Directional selection
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Vasa recta
Kidney
15. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Neutral Theory
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Individuals do not evolve
16. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Antidiuretic hormone
Darwin's book
Kidney
Ammonotelic
17. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Habitat
Selfing
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Lipoprotein lipase
18. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Heat budget equation
Energy expenditure
Lower critical temperature
Radiation
19. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Gastrulation
Psuedogenes
Muller's Ratchet
20. Humans do this through clothing
Genotype frequency
Heterochrony
Reabsorption
Thermal insulation
21. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Metabolic rate
Evaporation
Tubule
Missense Substitution
22. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Convection
3 germ layers
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Dehydration
23. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Habitat
Fever
Ectotherms
Glomerular Filtration Rate
24. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Nucleotide Substitution
Dehydration
Cold fish vs hot fish
Energy expenditure
25. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Mutation
Qualitative
Osmoregulators
Glucose Transporters
26. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Absorbed amino acids
Muller's Ratchet
Homeostasis
Epithelial tissue
27. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Heterotherms
Natural selection
Absorbed amino acids
Evolutionary trend
28. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Acclimatization
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Molecular Evolution
Metabolism
29. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Intrasexual Selection
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Artificial directional selection
30. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Phenotype
Feedforward information
Leptin
Qualitative
31. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Intrasexual Selection
Individuals do not evolve
Endotherms
32. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Fever
Excretory system functions
Feedforward information
Heterozygote populations
33. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Evaporation
Chief monomers absorbed
Excretory organs
Metabolic rate
34. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Geographic Range
Deleterious
Intracellular fluid
Temperature sensitivity
35. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Daily torpor
Stabilizing Selection
Endotherms
Meiosis
36. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Artificial directional selection
Absorbed triglycerides
Evaporation
Loop of Henle
37. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Gluconeogenesis
Genome size
Darwin's book
Size in BMR
38. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Malpighian tubules
Ammonotelic
Osmoregulators
Natural selection
39. Proportion of genotype in population
Malpighian tubules
Convection
Ketones
Genotype frequency
40. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Obligatory Exchanges
Insulin
Vasa recta
Osmoconformers
41. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Obesity
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Lower critical temperature
Basal Metabolic Rate
42. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Macroevolution
Nitrogenous wastes
Major blood buffer
Ammonotelic
43. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Psuedogenes
Post absorptive stage
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Lateral gene transfer
44. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Daily torpor
Genotype frequency
Non shivering thermogensis
Ketones
45. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Nitrogenous wastes
Post absorptive stage
Positive feedback
46. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
MR equation
Chief monomers absorbed
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Nucleotide Substitution
47. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Reabsorption
Evolutionary trend
Absorbed triglycerides
Evaporation
48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Population size
Evaporation
Epithelial tissue
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
49. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Ketones
Population
Allele frequency formula
Glycogenolysis
50. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Genetic structure
Habitat patches
Negative feedback
Leptin