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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. BMI of 30 or greater






2. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






3. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






4. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






5. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






6. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






7. What organisms look like and how they behave






8. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






9. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






10. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






11. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






12. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






13. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






14. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






15. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






16. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






17. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






18. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






19. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






20. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






21. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






22. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






23. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






24. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






25. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






26. Sum of all alleles






27. Proportion of allele in population






28. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






29. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






30. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






31. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






32. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






33. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






34. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






35. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






36. Fluctuating temperatures






37. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






38. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






39. Different form of a gene






40. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






41. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






42. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






43. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






44. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






45. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






46. Ability to compete for mates






47. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






48. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






49. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






50. Stable temperatures