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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Origin of Species 1859
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2. Native to one location and no where else
Population density
Endemic
Size in BMR
Quantitative
3. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Negative feedback
Natural selection
Metabolism
Reabsorption
4. Low glucose level in blood
Mutation
Hypoglycemia
Artificial selection
Chief monomers absorbed
5. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Epithelial tissue
Secretion
Geographic Range
Calorie
6. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Darwin's book
Heterochrony
Insulin
Diploid
7. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Heterochrony
Sexual selection
Metanephridia
Feedforward information
8. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Temperature sensitivity
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Habitat patches
Lower critical temperature
9. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Artificial directional selection
Obligatory Exchanges
Geographic Range
Malpighian tubules
10. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Genetic structure
Darwin's book
Disruptive selection
Interstitial fluid
11. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Kidney
Artificial directional selection
Absorbed amino acids
Aldosterone
12. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
P53
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Nucleotide Substitution
13. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Gene pool
Genetic Drift
Interstitial fluid
Aldosterone
14. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Evaporation
Habitat
Gene Flow
Absorbed triglycerides
15. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Allele frequency formula
Fitness
Kidney
Antidiuretic hormone
16. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Evolutionary trend
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Daily torpor
Metabolism
17. Several loci
Allele frequency
Conduction
Quantitative
Reabsorption
18. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Gene duplication
Daily torpor
Negative feedback
Brown fat
19. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Allele frequency formula
Genotype frequency
Excretory system functions
Metabolism
20. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Vestigial structures
Allele frequency formula
Acclimatization
Thermal insulation
21. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Calorie
Secretion
Homeostasis
22. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Feedforward information
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Radiation
Positive feedback
23. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Founder effect
Metabolism
Deleterious
24. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Temperature sensitivity
Tubule
Geographic Range
Psuedogenes
25. Wallace
Population size
Metabolic rate
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Hemodialysis
26. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Lateral gene transfer
Feedforward information
Evolutionary trend
Quantitative
27. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Obesity
Mutation
Satiation
Allele frequency
28. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Convection
Genetic Drift
Homeostasis
Absorbed triglycerides
29. Sum of all alleles
Radiation
Stabilizing Selection
Gene pool
Osmoconformers
30. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Ketones
Heat budget equation
Metabolism
Chief monomers absorbed
31. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Post absorptive stage
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Evolutionary trend
Artificial selection
32. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Missense Substitution
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Darwin's book
Acclimatization
33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Malpighian tubules
Obligatory Exchanges
Absorbed amino acids
Gene pool
34. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Hemodialysis
Loop of Henle
Post absorptive stage
Founder effect
35. Proportion of allele in population
Lower critical temperature
Glomerulus
Geographic Range
Allele frequency
36. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Ketones
Osmolarity
Glomerulus
Muscle tissue
37. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Meiosis
Basal Metabolic Rate
Evolutionary trend
38. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Adaptation
Connective tissue
Obligatory Exchanges
Metabolism
39. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Antidiuretic hormone
Microevolution
Psuedogenes
Post absorptive stage
40. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Ketones
Habitat patches
Satiation
Gene duplication
41. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
MR equation
Osmoregulators
Chief monomers absorbed
Geographic Range
42. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Ectotherms
Hypothalamus
43. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Deleterious
Selfing
Evolutionary trend
Macroevolution
44. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Nucleotide Substitution
Allele frequency formula
Selfing
P53
45. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Osmolarity
Selfing
Glomerular Filtration Rate
46. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Glucose Transporters
Molecular Evolution
Vestigial structures
47. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Feedforward information
Brown fat
Sexual selection
Heterotherms
48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Heat budget equation
Metanephridia
Qualitative
Nervous tissue
49. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Non shivering thermogensis
Evolutionary trend
Mutation
Quantitative
50. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Positive feedback
Exon shuffling
Hypoglycemia
Neutral Theory
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