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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






2. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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3. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






4. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






5. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






6. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






7. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






8. Fluctuating temperatures






9. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






10. Humans do this through clothing






11. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






12. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






13. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






14. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






15. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






16. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






17. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






18. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






19. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






20. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






21. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






22. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






23. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






24. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






25. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






26. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






27. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






28. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






29. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






30. Excrete ammonia






31. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






32. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






33. Stable temperatures






34. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






35. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






36. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






37. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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38. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






39. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






40. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






41. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






42. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






43. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






44. What organisms look like and how they behave






45. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






46. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






47. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






48. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






49. Low glucose level in blood






50. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface