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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Molecular Evolution
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Obligatory Exchanges
Directional selection
2. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Individuals do not evolve
Conduction
Genetic Drift
Loop of Henle
3. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
P53
Muller's Ratchet
Fever
Absorptive phase
4. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Diploid
Excretory system functions
Habitat patches
5. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Nucleotide Substitution
Size in BMR
Excretory organs
Molecular Evolution
6. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Glycogenolysis
Stabilizing Selection
Tubule
Homeostasis
7. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Homeostasis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Reabsorption
8. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Heterotopy
Hypoglycemia
Excess Glucose
Absorptive phase
9. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Temperature sensitivity
Metanephridia
Feedforward information
Excretory organs
10. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Psuedogenes
Honest signal
Lipoprotein lipase
Population size
11. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Negative feedback
Exon shuffling
Malpighian tubules
Glycogenolysis
12. Native to one location and no where else
Epithelial tissue
Homeotherms
Non shivering thermogensis
Endemic
13. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Gene pool
Fitness
Three theories of Darwin
Missense Substitution
14. Total number of individuals in a population
Genetic Drift
Orthologs
Quantitative
Population size
15. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Chief monomers absorbed
Darwin's book
Ectotherms
Leptin
16. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Epithelial tissue
Electrolytes
Leptin
Lateral gene transfer
17. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Dehydration
Heterotherms
Gluconeogenesis
Hemodialysis
18. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Heterozygote populations
Microevolution
Post absorptive stage
Artificial directional selection
19. What organisms look like and how they behave
Directional selection
Phenotype
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
3 germ layers
20. Harmful mutation
Microevolution
Molecular Evolution
Deleterious
Conduction
21. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Honest signal
Fever
22. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Sexual selection
Genotype frequency
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Directional selection
23. BMI of 30 or greater
Obesity
Non shivering thermogensis
Ketones
Evaporation
24. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Natural selection
Gene duplication
Acclimatization
Heterochrony
25. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Convection
Population
Satiation
Gluconeogenesis
26. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Honest signal
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Sexual selection
MR equation
27. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Nitrogenous wastes
Population
P53
Positive feedback
28. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Nervous tissue
Endotherms
Molecular Evolution
Conduction
29. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Qualitative
Epithelial tissue
Heat budget equation
Natural selection
30. Humans do this through clothing
Gene duplication
Thermal insulation
Kidney
Cold fish vs hot fish
31. Fluctuating temperatures
Excretory system functions
Heterotherms
Natural selection
Missense Substitution
32. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Ketones
Phenotype
Obligatory Exchanges
Post absorptive stage
33. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Alleles
Evaporation
Osmolarity
Diploid
34. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Genetic Drift
Satiation
Acclimatization
Hypoglycemia
35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Artificial selection
Osmoregulators
Molecular Evolution
Sexual selection
36. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Connective tissue
Negative feedback
P53
Mutation
37. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Glomerulus
Heterochrony
Deleterious
38. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Allele frequency formula
Metabolism
Bowman's capsule
39. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Adaptation
Calorie
Brown fat
40. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Secretion
Temperature sensitivity
Osmolarity
Heterotherms
41. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Homeostasis
Heterozygote populations
Post absorptive stage
Evaporation
42. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Aldosterone
Population
Allele frequency formula
43. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Energy expenditure
Microevolution
Fitness
3 disadvantages of endotherms
44. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Radiation
Thermal insulation
Population density
Habitat
45. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Molecular Evolution
Glomerulus
Non shivering thermogensis
46. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Endotherms
Brown fat
Stabilizing Selection
47. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Nucleotide Substitution
Calorie
Insulin
48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Lateral gene transfer
Metabolism
Gene Flow
Epithelial tissue
49. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Calorie
Molecular Evolution
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Fever
50. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Homeotherms
Dehydration
Genetic structure
Excess Glucose