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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






2. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






3. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






4. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






5. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






6. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






7. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






8. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






9. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






10. BMI of 30 or greater






11. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






12. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






13. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






14. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






15. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






16. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






17. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






18. Low glucose level in blood






19. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






20. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






21. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






22. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






23. Humans do this through clothing






24. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






25. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






26. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






27. The Origin of Species 1859

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28. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






29. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






30. Excrete ammonia






31. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






32. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






33. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






34. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






35. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






36. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






37. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






38. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






39. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






40. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






41. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






42. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






43. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






44. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






45. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






46. Stable temperatures






47. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






48. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






49. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






50. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)