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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Heat budget equation
Habitat patches
Vasa recta
Daily torpor
2. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Allele frequency formula
Aldosterone
Individuals do not evolve
Heat budget equation
3. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Osmolarity
Vestigial structures
Selfing
Thermal insulation
4. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Satiation
Allele frequency
Glycogenolysis
Post absorptive stage
5. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Artificial selection
Acclimatization
Satiation
Hemodialysis
6. One loci
Qualitative
Nephron
Nucleotide Substitution
Metabolism
7. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Muscle tissue
Nitrogenous wastes
Temperature sensitivity
Calorie
8. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Brown fat
Interstitial fluid
Electrolytes
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
9. Harmful mutation
Darwin's book
Population density
Deleterious
Hypoglycemia
10. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Cold fish vs hot fish
Nephron
Heterotopy
P53
11. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Excretory organs
Glomerulus
Selfing
Darwin's book
12. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Selfing
Osmolarity
Insulin
Acclimatization
13. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Lateral gene transfer
Basal Metabolic Rate
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
3 germ layers
14. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Metabolism
Malpighian tubules
MR equation
P53
15. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Obligatory Exchanges
Brown fat
Nephron
Nucleotide Substitution
16. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Nucleotide Substitution
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Three theories of Darwin
Stabilizing Selection
17. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Founder effect
Diploid
Genetic Drift
Radiation
18. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Adaptation
Homeotherms
Daily torpor
Basal Metabolic Rate
19. What organisms look like and how they behave
Phenotype
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Endemic
Ketones
20. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Geographic Range
Fever
Dehydration
Gene pool
21. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Neutral Theory
Excretory organs
Absorptive phase
Antidiuretic hormone
22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Artificial directional selection
Hemodialysis
Artificial selection
Excretory system functions
23. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Osmolarity
Malpighian tubules
Aldosterone
Fitness
24. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Meiosis
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Antidiuretic hormone
25. Fluctuating temperatures
Feedforward information
Heterotherms
Fever
Feedforward information
26. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Lateral gene transfer
Selfing
Energy expenditure
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
27. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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28. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Chief monomers absorbed
Heat budget equation
Habitat
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
29. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Homeostasis
Psuedogenes
Population size
30. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Secretion
Meiosis
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Gluconeogenesis
31. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Feedforward information
Macroevolution
Gastrulation
Basal Metabolic Rate
32. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Secretion
Antidiuretic hormone
Selfing
Microevolution
33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Metabolism
Malpighian tubules
Macroevolution
Hemodialysis
34. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Interstitial fluid
Population
Vestigial structures
Muller's Ratchet
35. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Metabolic rate
Obligatory Exchanges
Connective tissue
36. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Adaptation
Natural selection
Nervous tissue
Artificial selection
37. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Dehydration
Gene Flow
Habitat patches
38. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Temperature sensitivity
Absorptive phase
Hemodialysis
39. Native to one location and no where else
Endemic
Evaporation
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Population
40. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Excretory organs
Gluconeogenesis
Artificial selection
Heterozygote populations
41. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Psuedogenes
Genome size
Excess Glucose
Gluconeogenesis
42. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Gastrulation
Nervous tissue
Bowman's capsule
Tubule
43. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Aldosterone
Silent substitution
Gene duplication
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
44. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Metabolism
Glucose Transporters
MR equation
Nephron
45. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Lateral gene transfer
Excretory system functions
Genetic structure
Acclimatization
46. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Gluconeogenesis
Muscle tissue
Honest signal
Aldosterone
47. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Nucleotide Substitution
Satiation
Hypothalamus
Metabolism
48. Total number of individuals in a population
Disruptive selection
Neutral Theory
Antidiuretic hormone
Population size
49. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Antidiuretic hormone
Missense Substitution
Heterozygote populations
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
50. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Stabilizing Selection
Population
Bowman's capsule
Adaptation
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