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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






2. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






3. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






4. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






5. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






6. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






7. Several loci






8. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






9. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






10. Proportion of genotype in population






11. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






12. Stable temperatures






13. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






14. Ability to compete for mates






15. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






16. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






17. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






18. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






19. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






20. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






21. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






22. BMI of 30 or greater






23. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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24. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






25. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






26. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






27. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






28. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






29. Proportion of allele in population






30. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






31. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






32. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






33. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






34. Different form of a gene






35. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






36. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






37. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






38. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






39. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






40. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






41. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






42. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






43. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






44. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






45. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






46. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






47. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






48. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






49. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






50. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule







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