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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






2. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






3. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






4. One loci






5. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






6. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






7. Wallace






8. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






9. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






10. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






11. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






12. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






13. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






14. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






15. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






16. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






17. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






18. Sum of all alleles






19. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






20. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






21. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






22. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






23. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






24. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






25. Fluctuating temperatures






26. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






27. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






28. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






29. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






30. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






31. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






32. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






33. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






34. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






35. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






36. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






37. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






38. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






39. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






40. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






41. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






42. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






43. What organisms look like and how they behave






44. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






45. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






46. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






47. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






48. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






49. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






50. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)







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