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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






2. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






3. Humans do this through clothing






4. Proportion of genotype in population






5. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






6. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






7. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






8. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






9. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






10. Excrete ammonia






11. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






12. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






13. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






14. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






15. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






16. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






17. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






18. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






19. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






20. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






21. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






22. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






23. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






24. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






25. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






26. Low glucose level in blood






27. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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28. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






29. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






30. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






31. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






32. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






33. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






34. Ability to compete for mates






35. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






36. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






37. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






38. Ability to compete for mates






39. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






40. Populations do






41. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






42. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






43. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






44. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






45. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






46. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






48. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






49. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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50. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases







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