Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allele and genotype frequencies






2. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






3. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






4. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






5. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






6. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






7. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






8. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






9. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






10. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






11. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






12. Harmful mutation






13. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






14. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






15. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






16. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






17. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






18. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






19. Sum of all alleles






20. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






21. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






22. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






23. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






24. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






25. Native to one location and no where else






26. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






27. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






28. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






29. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






30. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






31. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






32. One loci






33. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






34. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






35. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






36. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






37. Humans do this through clothing






38. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






39. Allele and genotype frequencies






40. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






41. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






42. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






43. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






44. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






45. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






46. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






47. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






48. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






49. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






50. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)