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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






2. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






3. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






4. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






5. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






6. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






7. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






8. Several loci






9. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






10. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






11. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






12. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






13. Low glucose level in blood






14. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






15. Excrete ammonia






16. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






17. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






18. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






19. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






20. Populations do






21. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






22. Stable temperatures






23. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






24. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






25. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






26. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






27. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






28. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






29. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






30. Harmful mutation






31. Native to one location and no where else






32. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






33. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






34. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






35. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






36. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






37. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






38. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






39. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






40. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






41. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






42. BMI of 30 or greater






43. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






44. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






45. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






46. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






47. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






48. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






49. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






50. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area







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