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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Stabilizing Selection
Glycogenolysis
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Phenotype
2. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
MR equation
Osmoregulators
Gene duplication
Gene Flow
3. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Neutral Theory
Major blood buffer
Excretory organs
Temperature sensitivity
4. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Gene pool
Absorbed amino acids
3 germ layers
Acclimatization
5. Different form of a gene
Reabsorption
Alleles
Metabolism
Energy expenditure
6. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Individuals do not evolve
Absorbed amino acids
Quantitative
Acclimatization
7. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Post absorptive stage
Reabsorption
Nephron
Microevolution
8. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Exon shuffling
Lipoprotein lipase
Heterochrony
Intracellular fluid
9. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Deleterious
Metabolism
Hypothalamus
Daily torpor
10. BMI of 30 or greater
Gene duplication
Ammonotelic
Absorptive phase
Obesity
11. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Nitrogenous wastes
MR equation
Homeotherms
Artificial selection
12. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Genome size
Hypothalamus
Electrolytes
Fever
13. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Allele frequency formula
Satiation
Size in BMR
Genetic structure
14. Ability to compete for mates
Evaporation
Homeostasis
Convection
Intrasexual Selection
15. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Leptin
Founder effect
Homeotherms
Orthologs
16. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Individuals do not evolve
Excess Glucose
Silent substitution
Electrolytes
17. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Temperature sensitivity
Macroevolution
Nephron
18. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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19. Allele and genotype frequencies
Genetic structure
Evolutionary trend
Acclimatization
Electrolytes
20. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Exon shuffling
Vestigial structures
Non shivering thermogensis
Excretory organs
21. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Calorie
Aldosterone
Selfing
Muscle tissue
22. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Adaptation
Excess Glucose
Heterochrony
Excretory organs
23. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Nucleotide Substitution
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Temperature sensitivity
24. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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25. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Homeostasis
Fitness
Lipoprotein lipase
Psuedogenes
26. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Vestigial structures
Gluconeogenesis
Muller's Ratchet
Basal Metabolic Rate
27. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Gene Flow
Muscle tissue
P53
Homeostasis
28. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Nitrogenous wastes
Metabolism
MR equation
Deleterious
29. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Habitat
Obesity
Nephron
30. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Absorptive phase
Conduction
Heterochrony
Daily torpor
31. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Conduction
Feedforward information
Meiosis
Silent substitution
32. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Genotype frequency
Nitrogenous wastes
Metabolism
Gene pool
33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Malpighian tubules
Non shivering thermogensis
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Nitrogenous wastes
34. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Chief monomers absorbed
Osmoconformers
Habitat patches
Connective tissue
35. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Epithelial tissue
Exon shuffling
Allele frequency formula
Geographic Range
36. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Energy expenditure
Thermal insulation
Adaptation
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
37. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Mutation
Lipoprotein lipase
Macroevolution
Temperature sensitivity
38. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Secretion
Nitrogenous wastes
Intracellular fluid
Major blood buffer
39. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Excretory system functions
Nervous tissue
Cold fish vs hot fish
Secretion
40. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Absorbed amino acids
Chief monomers absorbed
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Kidney
41. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Energy expenditure
Founder effect
Metabolism
42. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Natural selection
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Absorbed triglycerides
Energy expenditure
43. Harmful mutation
Habitat
Endemic
Deleterious
Genetic structure
44. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Conduction
Geographic Range
Positive feedback
Meiosis
45. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Disruptive selection
Nervous tissue
Convection
46. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Macroevolution
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Glycogenolysis
Genetic Drift
47. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Radiation
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Natural selection
Mutation
48. Stable temperatures
Homeotherms
Endotherms
Bowman's capsule
Silent substitution
49. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
3 germ layers
Leptin
Endotherms
Glomerulus
50. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Thermal insulation
Absorbed amino acids
Leptin
Aldosterone