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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Three theories of Darwin
Disruptive selection
MR equation
3 disadvantages of endotherms
2. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Sexual selection
Metabolism
Honest signal
Dehydration
3. Humans do this through clothing
Thermal insulation
Secretion
Sexual selection
Metabolic rate
4. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Osmoregulators
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Non shivering thermogensis
Cold fish vs hot fish
5. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Muller's Ratchet
Excretory system functions
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Fitness
6. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Lower critical temperature
Individuals do not evolve
Geographic Range
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
7. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Intracellular fluid
Malpighian tubules
Aldosterone
Population
8. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Hemodialysis
Fever
Microevolution
Absorbed triglycerides
9. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Psuedogenes
Intrasexual Selection
Population
Orthologs
10. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Obesity
Gluconeogenesis
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Heterozygote populations
11. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Brown fat
Population
Epithelial tissue
Heterochrony
12. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Adaptation
Nucleotide Substitution
Alleles
Endotherms
13. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Nervous tissue
Satiation
Metabolism
Intracellular fluid
14. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Population size
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Disruptive selection
15. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Antidiuretic hormone
Metabolic rate
Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule
16. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Population density
Chief monomers absorbed
Endotherms
Psuedogenes
17. The Origin of Species 1859
18. Sum of all alleles
Endotherms
Osmolarity
Gene pool
Convection
19. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Allele frequency
Basal Metabolic Rate
Sexual selection
20. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Absorptive phase
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Muscle tissue
Interstitial fluid
21. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Directional selection
Major blood buffer
Neutral Theory
Mutation
22. Several loci
Quantitative
Major blood buffer
Fitness
Dehydration
23. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Phenotype
Osmoconformers
Disruptive selection
Metanephridia
24. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Macroevolution
Population density
Ammonotelic
Deleterious
25. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Osmolarity
Macroevolution
Artificial selection
Bowman's capsule
26. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Kidney
Ammonotelic
Major blood buffer
Major blood buffer
27. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Hypoglycemia
Lower critical temperature
Malpighian tubules
Directional selection
28. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Energy expenditure
Founder effect
Exon shuffling
Fitness
29. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Metanephridia
Antidiuretic hormone
Mutation
Convection
30. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Vasa recta
Feedforward information
Molecular Evolution
Meiosis
31. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Heterotopy
Directional selection
Thermal insulation
Endotherms
32. Wallace
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Genetic Drift
3 germ layers
Habitat
33. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Homeotherms
Missense Substitution
Sexual selection
Obesity
34. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Osmolarity
Orthologs
Leptin
Metabolism
35. Harmful mutation
Osmolarity
Deleterious
Population density
Alleles
36. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Lower critical temperature
Convection
37. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Muscle tissue
Fitness
Nervous tissue
Basal Metabolic Rate
38. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Alleles
Radiation
Intrasexual Selection
Sexual selection
39. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Metabolism
Ammonotelic
Metanephridia
Antidiuretic hormone
40. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Conduction
Chief monomers absorbed
Epithelial tissue
Natural selection
41. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Glycogenolysis
Absorptive phase
Nephron
Lower critical temperature
42. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Convection
Diploid
Intracellular fluid
Dehydration
43. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Intrasexual Selection
Evaporation
Artificial selection
44. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Lipoprotein lipase
P53
Major blood buffer
Metanephridia
45. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Missense Substitution
Genetic Drift
Heterozygote populations
Tubule
46. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Three theories of Darwin
Evolutionary trend
Habitat patches
Chief monomers absorbed
47. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Major blood buffer
Population size
Heterotopy
Tubule
48. What organisms look like and how they behave
Genotype frequency
Antidiuretic hormone
Phenotype
Missense Substitution
49. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Fever
Osmoconformers
Kidney
Three theories of Darwin
50. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Population density
Disruptive selection
Artificial directional selection
Vasa recta