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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






2. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






3. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






4. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






5. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






6. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






7. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






8. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






9. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






10. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






11. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






12. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






13. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






14. Wallace






15. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






16. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






17. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






18. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






19. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






20. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






21. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






22. Proportion of allele in population






23. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






24. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






25. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






26. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






27. Excrete ammonia






28. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






29. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






30. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






31. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






32. Proportion of genotype in population






33. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






34. One loci






35. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






36. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






37. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






38. BMI of 30 or greater






39. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






40. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






41. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






42. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






43. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






44. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






45. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






46. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






47. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






48. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






49. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






50. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)