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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






2. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






3. Stable temperatures






4. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






5. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






6. Several loci






7. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






8. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






9. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






10. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






11. The Origin of Species 1859

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12. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






13. Humans do this through clothing






14. Proportion of genotype in population






15. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






16. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






17. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






18. Excrete ammonia






19. Low glucose level in blood






20. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






21. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






22. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






23. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






24. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






25. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






26. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






27. Native to one location and no where else






28. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






29. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






30. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






31. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






32. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






33. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






34. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






35. Harmful mutation






36. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






37. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






38. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






39. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






40. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






41. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






42. Different form of a gene






43. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






44. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






45. Proportion of genotype in population






46. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






47. Harmful mutation






48. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






49. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






50. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)