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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






2. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






3. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






4. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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5. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






6. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






7. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






8. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






9. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






10. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






11. What organisms look like and how they behave






12. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






13. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






14. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






15. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






16. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






17. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






18. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






19. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






20. Fluctuating temperatures






21. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






22. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






23. Total number of individuals in a population






24. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






25. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






26. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






27. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






28. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






29. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






30. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






31. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






32. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






33. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






34. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






35. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






36. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






37. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






38. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






39. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






40. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






41. Proportion of allele in population






42. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






43. Fluctuating temperatures






44. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






45. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






46. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






47. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






48. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






49. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






50. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)