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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Heterozygote populations
Ammonotelic
Molecular Evolution
Heterochrony
2. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Molecular Evolution
Honest signal
Osmoregulators
Muscle tissue
3. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Muller's Ratchet
Allele frequency formula
Ketones
Population size
4. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Glycogenolysis
Tubule
Convection
Geographic Range
5. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Heterozygote populations
Genome size
Ammonotelic
Evaporation
6. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Missense Substitution
Microevolution
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Phenotype
7. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Macroevolution
Connective tissue
Heterotopy
Insulin
8. Total number of individuals in a population
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Population size
Metabolism
Absorbed triglycerides
9. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Homeostasis
Feedforward information
Population density
10. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Macroevolution
Evaporation
Lateral gene transfer
Electrolytes
11. Low glucose level in blood
Acclimatization
Hypoglycemia
Nervous tissue
Vasa recta
12. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Dobzhansky Muller Model
MR equation
Malpighian tubules
13. The Origin of Species 1859
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14. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Major blood buffer
Meiosis
Metanephridia
Osmoregulators
15. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Population size
Intracellular fluid
Brown fat
Lateral gene transfer
16. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Excess Glucose
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Electrolytes
Genome size
17. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Thermal insulation
Geographic Range
Absorbed amino acids
Nitrogenous wastes
18. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Intracellular fluid
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Osmolarity
3 germ layers
19. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Interstitial fluid
Glycogenolysis
Interstitial fluid
Epithelial tissue
20. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Excretory organs
Qualitative
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Lower critical temperature
21. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Metabolism
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Post absorptive stage
Hemodialysis
22. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Heterotherms
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Glycogenolysis
23. Several loci
Allele frequency formula
Heterotherms
Nucleotide Substitution
Quantitative
24. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Intrasexual Selection
Gene duplication
Connective tissue
Secretion
25. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
P53
Absorbed amino acids
26. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Heterozygote populations
Habitat
Population density
Glomerulus
27. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Gene Flow
Heterozygote populations
Habitat
Nucleotide Substitution
28. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Qualitative
Mutation
Obligatory Exchanges
Fever
29. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Darwin's book
Energy expenditure
Post absorptive stage
Glucose Transporters
30. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Population
Exon shuffling
Hemodialysis
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
31. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Daily torpor
Disruptive selection
Feedforward information
Nitrogenous wastes
32. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Ketones
Absorptive phase
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Tubule
33. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Glycogenolysis
Absorptive phase
Metanephridia
Vasa recta
34. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Gene duplication
Individuals do not evolve
Kidney
Interstitial fluid
35. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Sexual selection
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Antidiuretic hormone
36. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Glycogenolysis
Absorptive phase
Three theories of Darwin
Fever
37. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Nervous tissue
Gene Flow
Qualitative
Microevolution
38. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Muscle tissue
MR equation
Ectotherms
Alleles
39. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Three theories of Darwin
Fitness
Leptin
Conduction
40. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Selfing
Habitat
Neutral Theory
Kidney
41. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Epithelial tissue
Interstitial fluid
Heterotopy
Mutation
42. Native to one location and no where else
Energy expenditure
Endemic
Gene pool
Natural selection
43. Proportion of genotype in population
3 germ layers
Lateral gene transfer
Genotype frequency
Obesity
44. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Genome size
Aldosterone
Secretion
Negative feedback
45. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Satiation
Psuedogenes
Muller's Ratchet
Electrolytes
46. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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47. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Heterotherms
Acclimatization
Homeotherms
Epithelial tissue
48. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Mutation
Phenotype
Excess Glucose
Geographic Range
49. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Malpighian tubules
Population size
Homeotherms
50. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Psuedogenes
Homeostasis
Artificial selection
Lateral gene transfer
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