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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Allele frequency formula
Fever
Macroevolution
Heterotopy
2. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Nucleotide Substitution
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Thermal insulation
Metabolic rate
3. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Non shivering thermogensis
Stabilizing Selection
Qualitative
Allele frequency
4. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Size in BMR
Adaptation
Habitat
Genetic Drift
5. Populations do
Heterotopy
Metabolism
Individuals do not evolve
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
6. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Diploid
Missense Substitution
Gene duplication
Secretion
7. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Loop of Henle
Lipoprotein lipase
Dehydration
3 disadvantages of endotherms
8. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Bowman's capsule
Secretion
Deleterious
9. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Psuedogenes
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Allele frequency
Brown fat
10. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Ketones
Calorie
Directional selection
Gastrulation
11. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Tubule
Excess Glucose
Fitness
Bowman's capsule
12. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Gene duplication
Geographic Range
Heterotopy
Evolutionary trend
13. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Missense Substitution
Evaporation
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Quantitative
14. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Dehydration
Silent substitution
Metabolism
Molecular Evolution
15. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Nucleotide Substitution
Directional selection
Artificial directional selection
Habitat
16. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Heterozygote populations
Osmolarity
Neutral Theory
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
17. The Origin of Species 1859
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18. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Hypothalamus
Fever
Thermal insulation
19. Fluctuating temperatures
Connective tissue
Hemodialysis
Heterotherms
Brown fat
20. Ability to compete for mates
MR equation
Brown fat
Intrasexual Selection
Allele frequency formula
21. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Honest signal
Lateral gene transfer
Connective tissue
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
22. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Obesity
Lipoprotein lipase
Intracellular fluid
Calorie
23. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Fitness
Osmoregulators
Darwin's book
Loop of Henle
24. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Excretory system functions
Basal Metabolic Rate
Feedforward information
Gene pool
25. Different form of a gene
Hemodialysis
Secretion
Alleles
Lateral gene transfer
26. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Genome size
Three theories of Darwin
Homeotherms
Cold fish vs hot fish
27. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Lateral gene transfer
3 germ layers
Interstitial fluid
Habitat
28. Sum of all alleles
Endemic
Stabilizing Selection
Gene pool
Population
29. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Chief monomers absorbed
Excretory system functions
P53
Orthologs
30. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Evolutionary trend
Glycogenolysis
Hypoglycemia
Size in BMR
31. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Negative feedback
Metabolic rate
Leptin
Osmolarity
32. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Tubule
Non shivering thermogensis
Positive feedback
Gene duplication
33. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Phenotype
Fever
Macroevolution
Heterozygote populations
34. Stable temperatures
Homeotherms
Secretion
Connective tissue
Daily torpor
35. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Lower critical temperature
Excess Glucose
Post absorptive stage
3 germ layers
36. Sum of all alleles
MR equation
Gene pool
Convection
Mutation
37. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Absorbed amino acids
Nephron
Loop of Henle
Major blood buffer
38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Vestigial structures
Directional selection
Heat budget equation
Qualitative
39. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Geographic Range
Excretory organs
P53
Radiation
40. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Loop of Henle
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Positive feedback
Vestigial structures
41. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Population density
Absorbed triglycerides
Radiation
Obesity
42. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Radiation
Quantitative
Homeostasis
Three theories of Darwin
43. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Heterotherms
Connective tissue
Obligatory Exchanges
Nervous tissue
44. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Electrolytes
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Population
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
45. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Selfing
Endemic
Geographic Range
Glycogenolysis
46. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Endemic
Energy expenditure
Heterotherms
Directional selection
47. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Excretory system functions
Gene duplication
Osmoconformers
Glomerular Filtration Rate
48. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Gene duplication
Disruptive selection
Exon shuffling
Connective tissue
49. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Major blood buffer
Fever
Vasa recta
Radiation
50. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Ectotherms
Obligatory Exchanges
Muscle tissue
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)