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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






2. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






3. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






4. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






5. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






6. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






7. Allele and genotype frequencies






8. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






9. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






10. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






11. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






12. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






13. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






14. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






15. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






16. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






17. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






18. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






19. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






20. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






21. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






22. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






23. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






24. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






25. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






26. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






27. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






28. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






29. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






30. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






31. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






32. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






33. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






34. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






35. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






36. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






37. Stable temperatures






38. Wallace






39. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






40. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






41. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






42. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






43. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






44. Low glucose level in blood






45. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






46. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






47. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






48. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






49. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






50. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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