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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






2. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






3. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






4. Native to one location and no where else






5. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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6. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






7. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






8. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






9. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






10. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






11. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






12. Excrete ammonia






13. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






14. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






15. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






16. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






17. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






18. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






19. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






20. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






21. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






22. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






23. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






24. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






25. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






26. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






27. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






28. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






29. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






30. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






31. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






32. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






33. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






34. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






35. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






36. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






37. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






38. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






39. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






40. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






41. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






42. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






43. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






44. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






45. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






46. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






47. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






48. Stable temperatures






49. BMI of 30 or greater






50. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product