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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Radiation
Psuedogenes
Genetic Drift
Chief monomers absorbed
2. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Osmoregulators
Intrasexual Selection
Habitat
Quantitative
3. Different form of a gene
Gene Flow
Intrasexual Selection
Basal Metabolic Rate
Alleles
4. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Interstitial fluid
Nervous tissue
Absorbed triglycerides
Heterochrony
5. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Osmoregulators
Homeostasis
Nitrogenous wastes
Natural selection
6. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Population size
Non shivering thermogensis
Endotherms
Genetic structure
7. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Major blood buffer
Metanephridia
Post absorptive stage
8. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Glucose Transporters
Gene duplication
Bowman's capsule
Lower critical temperature
9. Humans do this through clothing
Honest signal
Habitat
Exon shuffling
Thermal insulation
10. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Neutral Theory
Kidney
Mutation
11. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Nucleotide Substitution
Gene pool
Intracellular fluid
Metanephridia
12. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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13. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Conduction
Temperature sensitivity
Ketones
Heterotopy
14. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Muscle tissue
Loop of Henle
Major blood buffer
Missense Substitution
15. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Aldosterone
Gene duplication
Natural selection
Evaporation
16. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Genetic Drift
Neutral Theory
Excess Glucose
Stabilizing Selection
17. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Orthologs
Feedforward information
Mutation
Energy expenditure
18. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Muller's Ratchet
Excretory system functions
Chief monomers absorbed
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
19. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Neutral Theory
Endotherms
Glomerulus
20. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Bowman's capsule
Excretory organs
Feedforward information
Leptin
21. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Absorptive phase
P53
Gene duplication
Basal Metabolic Rate
22. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Evolutionary trend
Meiosis
Feedforward information
Energy expenditure
23. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Population size
Alleles
Feedforward information
Dehydration
24. Native to one location and no where else
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Excretory organs
Endemic
Microevolution
25. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Natural selection
Three theories of Darwin
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Directional selection
26. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
MR equation
Endemic
Selfing
Insulin
27. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Daily torpor
Metabolism
Conduction
28. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Nervous tissue
Evolutionary trend
Osmolarity
Nervous tissue
29. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Homeotherms
Endemic
Convection
Allele frequency formula
30. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Stabilizing Selection
Sexual selection
Heterotherms
3 germ layers
31. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Intracellular fluid
Lower critical temperature
Other guy who came up with natural selection
32. Harmful mutation
Disruptive selection
Adaptation
Muscle tissue
Deleterious
33. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Nervous tissue
Lower critical temperature
Reabsorption
Interstitial fluid
34. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Heterotherms
Heterochrony
Nucleotide Substitution
Heterotopy
35. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Feedforward information
Natural selection
Metabolism
36. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Metabolic rate
Ketones
Non shivering thermogensis
Radiation
37. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Honest signal
Population size
Selfing
Glomerular Filtration Rate
38. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Malpighian tubules
Insulin
Lower critical temperature
Population density
39. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Population density
3 germ layers
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Habitat patches
40. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Thermal insulation
Absorbed amino acids
Acclimatization
41. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Antidiuretic hormone
Genetic Drift
Artificial directional selection
42. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Reabsorption
Radiation
Gene pool
Heterotherms
43. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Muscle tissue
Mutation
Obligatory Exchanges
Lipoprotein lipase
44. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Population density
Osmoconformers
Secretion
Muscle tissue
45. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Osmoconformers
Neutral Theory
46. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Glomerulus
P53
Lower critical temperature
Feedforward information
47. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Diploid
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Absorbed amino acids
Antidiuretic hormone
48. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Vasa recta
Directional selection
Positive feedback
Missense Substitution
49. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Conduction
Homeostasis
Gene duplication
Molecular Evolution
50. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Post absorptive stage
Insulin
Kidney