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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






2. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






3. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






4. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






5. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






6. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






7. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






8. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






9. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






10. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






11. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






12. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






13. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






14. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






15. One loci






16. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






17. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






18. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






19. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






20. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






21. Sum of all alleles






22. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






23. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






24. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






25. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






26. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






27. Populations do






28. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






29. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






30. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






31. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






32. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






33. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






34. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






35. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






36. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






37. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






38. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






39. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






40. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






41. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






42. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






43. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






44. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






45. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






46. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






47. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






48. Low glucose level in blood






49. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






50. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)