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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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2. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






3. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






4. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






5. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






6. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






7. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






8. What organisms look like and how they behave






9. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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10. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






11. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






12. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






13. The Origin of Species 1859

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14. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






15. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






16. Excrete ammonia






17. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






18. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






19. Harmful mutation






20. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






21. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






22. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






23. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






24. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






25. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






26. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






27. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






28. Sum of all alleles






29. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






30. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






31. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






32. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






33. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






34. Humans do this through clothing






35. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






36. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






37. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






38. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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39. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






40. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






41. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






42. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






43. What organisms look like and how they behave






44. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






45. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






46. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






47. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






48. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






49. Stable temperatures






50. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells