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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






2. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






3. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






4. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






5. Fluctuating temperatures






6. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






7. Fluctuating temperatures






8. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






9. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






10. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






11. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






12. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






13. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






14. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






15. Populations do






16. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






17. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






18. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






19. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






20. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






21. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






22. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






23. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






24. Native to one location and no where else






25. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






26. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






27. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






28. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






29. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






30. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






31. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






32. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






33. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






34. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






35. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






36. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






37. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






38. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






40. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






41. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






42. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






43. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






44. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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45. Excrete ammonia






46. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






47. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






48. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






49. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






50. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)