Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






2. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






3. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






4. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






5. One loci






6. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






7. Sum of all alleles






8. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






9. Humans do this through clothing






10. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






11. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






12. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






13. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






14. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






15. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






16. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






17. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






18. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






19. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






20. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






21. Populations do






22. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






23. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






25. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






26. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






27. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






28. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






29. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






30. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






31. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






32. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






33. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






34. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






35. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






36. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






37. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






39. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






40. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






41. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






42. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






43. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






44. Fluctuating temperatures






45. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






46. Proportion of allele in population






47. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






48. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






49. Allele and genotype frequencies






50. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes