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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Leptin
Positive feedback
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Directional selection
2. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Conduction
Mutation
Interstitial fluid
Osmoregulators
3. Proportion of genotype in population
Genotype frequency
Deleterious
Major blood buffer
Cold fish vs hot fish
4. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Lateral gene transfer
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Endemic
Genetic structure
5. Harmful mutation
Ketones
Deleterious
Evaporation
Metabolic rate
6. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Allele frequency
Osmoregulators
Absorptive phase
Thermal insulation
7. BMI of 30 or greater
Obesity
Glucose Transporters
Adaptation
Dehydration
8. Humans do this through clothing
Basal Metabolic Rate
Thermal insulation
Meiosis
Quantitative
9. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Absorbed amino acids
Evaporation
Orthologs
Heterozygote populations
10. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Muller's Ratchet
Microevolution
Absorbed amino acids
Obligatory Exchanges
11. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Missense Substitution
Thermal insulation
Honest signal
Heat budget equation
12. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Qualitative
Darwin's book
Obligatory Exchanges
13. Several loci
Quantitative
Endemic
Absorptive phase
Intracellular fluid
14. Allele and genotype frequencies
Diploid
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Ketones
Genetic structure
15. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Daily torpor
Vestigial structures
Psuedogenes
Fitness
16. BMI of 30 or greater
Evolutionary trend
Obesity
Excess Glucose
Sexual selection
17. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Sexual selection
Nucleotide Substitution
Hemodialysis
Adaptation
18. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Darwin's book
Quantitative
Three theories of Darwin
Feedforward information
19. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Mutation
Three theories of Darwin
Malpighian tubules
Glomerulus
20. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Brown fat
Molecular Evolution
Evaporation
Excretory organs
21. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Absorptive phase
Malpighian tubules
Disruptive selection
Gene duplication
22. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Honest signal
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Darwin's book
Size in BMR
23. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Nucleotide Substitution
Natural selection
Exon shuffling
Osmolarity
24. Allele and genotype frequencies
MR equation
Genetic structure
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Genetic Drift
25. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Tubule
Diploid
Convection
Daily torpor
26. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Genome size
3 germ layers
Ectotherms
27. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Heterochrony
Gluconeogenesis
3 germ layers
Non shivering thermogensis
28. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Allele frequency formula
Honest signal
Nephron
Allele frequency
29. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Diploid
Dehydration
Acclimatization
Thermal insulation
30. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Population size
Gluconeogenesis
Microevolution
Gene pool
31. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Conduction
Disruptive selection
Tubule
32. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Obligatory Exchanges
Missense Substitution
Orthologs
Phenotype
33. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Nervous tissue
Directional selection
Obesity
Excess Glucose
34. Fluctuating temperatures
Metanephridia
Glycogenolysis
Heterotherms
Tubule
35. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Directional selection
Gene duplication
Lateral gene transfer
Evaporation
36. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Temperature sensitivity
Epithelial tissue
Selfing
Genetic Drift
37. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Quantitative
Excretory organs
Glycogenolysis
Size in BMR
38. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Phenotype
Insulin
Chief monomers absorbed
39. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Intracellular fluid
Psuedogenes
Natural selection
Reabsorption
40. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Habitat
Glycogenolysis
Diploid
Major blood buffer
41. Native to one location and no where else
Endemic
Stabilizing Selection
Allele frequency
Connective tissue
42. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Negative feedback
Lipoprotein lipase
Acclimatization
Intracellular fluid
43. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Temperature sensitivity
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Radiation
Nervous tissue
44. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Post absorptive stage
Allele frequency formula
Leptin
Habitat patches
45. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Convection
Individuals do not evolve
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Fever
46. Wallace
Lipoprotein lipase
Fever
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Ammonotelic
47. Ability to compete for mates
Thermal insulation
Intrasexual Selection
Genotype frequency
Exon shuffling
48. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Thermal insulation
Basal Metabolic Rate
Calorie
Allele frequency formula
49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Honest signal
3 germ layers
Hypothalamus
Bowman's capsule
50. Proportion of allele in population
Metabolic rate
Acclimatization
Chief monomers absorbed
Allele frequency