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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Origin of Species 1859

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2. Native to one location and no where else






3. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






4. Low glucose level in blood






5. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






6. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






7. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






8. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






9. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






10. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






11. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






12. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






13. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






14. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






15. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






16. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






17. Several loci






18. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






19. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






20. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






21. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






22. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






23. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






24. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






25. Wallace






26. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






27. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






28. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






29. Sum of all alleles






30. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






31. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






32. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






34. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






35. Proportion of allele in population






36. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






37. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






38. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






39. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






40. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






41. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






42. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






43. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






44. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






45. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






46. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






47. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






49. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






50. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product







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