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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






2. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






3. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






4. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






5. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






6. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






7. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






8. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






9. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






10. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






11. Fluctuating temperatures






12. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






13. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






14. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






15. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






16. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






17. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






18. Proportion of allele in population






19. Humans do this through clothing






20. Wallace






21. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






22. Proportion of genotype in population






23. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place


24. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






25. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






26. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






27. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






28. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






29. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






30. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






32. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






33. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






34. Allele and genotype frequencies






35. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






36. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






37. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






38. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






40. Native to one location and no where else






41. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






42. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






43. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






44. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






45. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






46. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






47. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






48. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






49. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






50. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools