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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






2. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






3. Ability to compete for mates






4. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






5. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






6. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






7. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






8. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






9. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






11. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






12. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






13. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






14. Sum of all alleles






15. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






16. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






17. Proportion of genotype in population






18. Harmful mutation






19. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






20. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






21. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






22. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






23. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






24. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






25. Wallace






26. What organisms look like and how they behave






27. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






28. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






29. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






30. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






31. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






32. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






33. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






34. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






35. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






36. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






37. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






38. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






39. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






40. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






41. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






42. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






43. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






44. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






45. Fluctuating temperatures






46. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






47. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






48. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






49. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






50. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)