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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Obligatory Exchanges
Gluconeogenesis
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Habitat patches
2. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Conduction
Lower critical temperature
Obligatory Exchanges
Glomerular Filtration Rate
3. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Disruptive selection
Daily torpor
Darwin's book
Metabolism
4. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Absorbed triglycerides
Gene Flow
Chief monomers absorbed
Missense Substitution
5. Fluctuating temperatures
Heterotherms
Secretion
Nitrogenous wastes
Bowman's capsule
6. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Satiation
Natural selection
Metabolic rate
Antidiuretic hormone
7. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Size in BMR
Lipoprotein lipase
Vestigial structures
8. Sum of all alleles
Energy expenditure
Gene pool
Population size
Vasa recta
9. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Gastrulation
Glomerulus
Muscle tissue
10. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Positive feedback
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Excretory organs
Heterochrony
11. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Missense Substitution
Heterochrony
Stabilizing Selection
Metabolism
12. Total number of individuals in a population
Molecular Evolution
Population size
Gene duplication
Dobzhansky Muller Model
13. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Nervous tissue
Alleles
Feedforward information
14. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Missense Substitution
Hemodialysis
Osmoregulators
Allele frequency
15. Proportion of allele in population
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Allele frequency
Meiosis
Population density
16. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Leptin
Evaporation
Hypothalamus
Basal Metabolic Rate
17. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Gluconeogenesis
Excretory system functions
Muscle tissue
3 disadvantages of endotherms
18. Populations do
Microevolution
Individuals do not evolve
Artificial directional selection
Convection
19. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Geographic Range
Convection
Heat budget equation
20. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Obligatory Exchanges
Acclimatization
Vasa recta
Alleles
21. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
MR equation
Diploid
Interstitial fluid
Fitness
22. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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23. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Adaptation
Temperature sensitivity
Genome size
Quantitative
24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Stabilizing Selection
Habitat patches
Fever
Osmoregulators
25. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Population
Aldosterone
Glucose Transporters
Brown fat
26. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Osmoregulators
Population
Excretory organs
Reabsorption
27. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Three theories of Darwin
Founder effect
Darwin's book
Electrolytes
28. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Molecular Evolution
Population density
Osmoregulators
Genome size
29. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Metanephridia
Loop of Henle
Glucose Transporters
Heat budget equation
30. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Osmoconformers
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Habitat
Quantitative
31. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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32. What organisms look like and how they behave
Darwin's book
Nervous tissue
Exon shuffling
Phenotype
33. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Geographic Range
Absorbed triglycerides
Habitat patches
Feedforward information
34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Negative feedback
Allele frequency
Glomerulus
Epithelial tissue
35. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Fitness
Electrolytes
Hypothalamus
Sexual selection
36. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Founder effect
Connective tissue
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Metabolic rate
37. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Negative feedback
Daily torpor
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Evaporation
38. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
3 germ layers
Individuals do not evolve
Daily torpor
Evaporation
39. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Nervous tissue
Molecular Evolution
Chief monomers absorbed
Missense Substitution
40. Native to one location and no where else
Macroevolution
Ketones
MR equation
Endemic
41. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Gluconeogenesis
Heterotherms
Acclimatization
Kidney
42. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Malpighian tubules
Lipoprotein lipase
Natural selection
Fever
43. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Glucose Transporters
Silent substitution
Hypothalamus
Intracellular fluid
44. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Endotherms
Habitat patches
Metabolic rate
Excretory system functions
45. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Nephron
Metabolism
Excess Glucose
Evaporation
46. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Glucose Transporters
P53
Hemodialysis
Nephron
47. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Metabolism
Conduction
Brown fat
Genome size
48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Acclimatization
Non shivering thermogensis
Metanephridia
Endotherms
49. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Heat budget equation
Malpighian tubules
Conduction
3 germ layers
50. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Evolutionary trend
Electrolytes
Excretory organs
Adaptation