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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One loci
Endemic
Qualitative
Heterozygote populations
Other guy who came up with natural selection
2. Fluctuating temperatures
Heterotherms
Major blood buffer
Metanephridia
Genotype frequency
3. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Three theories of Darwin
Artificial selection
Habitat patches
4. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Muscle tissue
Diploid
Glycogenolysis
Ketones
5. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Reabsorption
Nucleotide Substitution
Electrolytes
6. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Ectotherms
Phenotype
Microevolution
Gastrulation
7. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Genome size
MR equation
Glomerulus
8. What organisms look like and how they behave
Intrasexual Selection
Phenotype
Natural selection
Post absorptive stage
9. Different form of a gene
Muscle tissue
Neutral Theory
Alleles
Negative feedback
10. Total number of individuals in a population
Population size
Non shivering thermogensis
MR equation
Mutation
11. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Lateral gene transfer
Mutation
Absorbed triglycerides
Absorptive phase
12. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Genotype frequency
3 germ layers
Orthologs
Absorbed amino acids
13. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Hemodialysis
Homeotherms
Geographic Range
Glomerular Filtration Rate
14. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Mutation
Epithelial tissue
Gastrulation
Radiation
15. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Nervous tissue
Natural selection
Secretion
Glomerulus
16. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Habitat patches
Directional selection
Basal Metabolic Rate
P53
17. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Heterozygote populations
Natural selection
Population density
Nitrogenous wastes
18. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Lower critical temperature
Evaporation
Metabolic rate
Habitat
19. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Genetic Drift
Temperature sensitivity
Meiosis
Microevolution
20. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Genetic structure
Endotherms
Geographic Range
Heterozygote populations
21. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Radiation
Leptin
Ectotherms
Population density
22. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Individuals do not evolve
Glycogenolysis
Adaptation
Nitrogenous wastes
23. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Gene duplication
Acclimatization
Muller's Ratchet
24. Low glucose level in blood
Silent substitution
Hypoglycemia
Gluconeogenesis
Gene Flow
25. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Founder effect
Silent substitution
Secretion
26. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Nervous tissue
Convection
Electrolytes
Hypothalamus
27. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Vasa recta
Intrasexual Selection
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Brown fat
28. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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29. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Connective tissue
Radiation
Radiation
30. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Excretory system functions
Fever
Post absorptive stage
Basal Metabolic Rate
31. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Genetic Drift
Loop of Henle
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Loop of Henle
32. Native to one location and no where else
Endemic
Population size
Secretion
Allele frequency
33. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Qualitative
Stabilizing Selection
Gastrulation
Daily torpor
34. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Molecular Evolution
Metabolism
Diploid
Psuedogenes
35. The Origin of Species 1859
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36. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Homeotherms
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Geographic Range
Population
37. Proportion of genotype in population
Population density
Genotype frequency
Vestigial structures
Gene pool
38. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Glucose Transporters
Founder effect
Heterozygote populations
39. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Radiation
Excretory system functions
Genotype frequency
40. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Homeostasis
Excretory organs
Brown fat
Chief monomers absorbed
41. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Adaptation
Natural selection
Dehydration
Positive feedback
42. What organisms look like and how they behave
Phenotype
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Ectotherms
Gene duplication
43. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Population density
Malpighian tubules
Metanephridia
Cold fish vs hot fish
44. Excrete ammonia
Muscle tissue
Darwin's book
Obesity
Ammonotelic
45. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolism
Negative feedback
Radiation
46. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Evaporation
Intrasexual Selection
Missense Substitution
Obligatory Exchanges
47. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Glucose Transporters
P53
Meiosis
Fever
48. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Excretory system functions
Hypothalamus
Positive feedback
Neutral Theory
49. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
3 germ layers
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Excess Glucose
50. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Epithelial tissue
Cold fish vs hot fish
Artificial selection
Metabolism