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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Different form of a gene






2. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






3. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






4. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






5. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






6. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






7. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






8. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






9. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






10. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






11. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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12. What organisms look like and how they behave






13. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






14. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






15. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






16. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






17. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






18. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






19. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






20. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






21. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






22. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






23. Total number of individuals in a population






24. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






25. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






26. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






27. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






28. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






29. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






30. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






31. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






32. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






33. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






34. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






35. Proportion of allele in population






36. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






37. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






38. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






39. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






40. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






41. The Origin of Species 1859

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42. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






43. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






44. Low glucose level in blood






45. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






46. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






47. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






48. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






49. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






50. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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