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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harmful mutation
Darwin's book
Excretory system functions
Loop of Henle
Deleterious
2. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Neutral Theory
Obligatory Exchanges
Evaporation
3. Ability to compete for mates
Gastrulation
Osmoconformers
Reabsorption
Intrasexual Selection
4. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Sexual selection
Osmoregulators
Population
Negative feedback
5. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Vestigial structures
Intracellular fluid
Absorbed triglycerides
Glycogenolysis
6. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Darwin's book
Lipoprotein lipase
Interstitial fluid
7. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Excess Glucose
Hypoglycemia
Habitat patches
Feedforward information
8. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Glycogenolysis
Non shivering thermogensis
Intracellular fluid
Aldosterone
9. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Quantitative
Sexual selection
Microevolution
Homeotherms
10. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Osmolarity
Homeostasis
Calorie
Antidiuretic hormone
11. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Metabolism
Population density
Gene duplication
Vasa recta
12. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Meiosis
Epithelial tissue
Malpighian tubules
13. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Absorbed amino acids
Calorie
Macroevolution
Feedforward information
14. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Psuedogenes
Gene duplication
Missense Substitution
Glycogenolysis
15. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Loop of Henle
Endotherms
Antidiuretic hormone
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
16. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Post absorptive stage
Genetic Drift
Homeotherms
Silent substitution
17. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Vestigial structures
Cold fish vs hot fish
Disruptive selection
Population density
18. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Population density
Lateral gene transfer
Osmoregulators
19. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Acclimatization
Endotherms
Obesity
Disruptive selection
20. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Excretory organs
Brown fat
Loop of Henle
Disruptive selection
21. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Gastrulation
Selfing
Metabolism
Alleles
22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Negative feedback
Lower critical temperature
Hemodialysis
Metabolism
23. Excrete ammonia
Endemic
Allele frequency formula
Ammonotelic
Homeostasis
24. BMI of 30 or greater
Obesity
Stabilizing Selection
Reabsorption
Lipoprotein lipase
25. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Lower critical temperature
Daily torpor
Aldosterone
Psuedogenes
26. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Daily torpor
Radiation
Antidiuretic hormone
Osmolarity
27. One loci
Absorbed amino acids
Selfing
Qualitative
Exon shuffling
28. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Metanephridia
Nucleotide Substitution
Hypothalamus
Bowman's capsule
29. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Sexual selection
Geographic Range
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Homeostasis
30. Sum of all alleles
Acclimatization
Vasa recta
Gene pool
Aldosterone
31. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Stabilizing Selection
Hypothalamus
Temperature sensitivity
3 disadvantages of endotherms
32. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Antidiuretic hormone
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Satiation
Population
33. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Size in BMR
Neutral Theory
Thermal insulation
Calorie
34. Total number of individuals in a population
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Obligatory Exchanges
Ectotherms
Population size
35. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Excretory organs
Acclimatization
Osmolarity
Heterotopy
36. Proportion of allele in population
Hypoglycemia
Allele frequency
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Glycogenolysis
37. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Electrolytes
Microevolution
Natural selection
Osmoconformers
38. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Adaptation
Glycogenolysis
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Osmolarity
39. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Nucleotide Substitution
Mutation
Homeotherms
40. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Bowman's capsule
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Diploid
41. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Lipoprotein lipase
Major blood buffer
Silent substitution
Adaptation
42. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Molecular Evolution
Size in BMR
Heterotherms
Macroevolution
43. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Feedforward information
Orthologs
Gene duplication
Loop of Henle
44. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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45. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Adaptation
Exon shuffling
Other guy who came up with natural selection
46. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Population
Microevolution
Heterotherms
Gene pool
47. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Calorie
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Reabsorption
Neutral Theory
48. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Heterotopy
Thermal insulation
Secretion
Basal Metabolic Rate
49. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Sexual selection
3 germ layers
Hypothalamus
Glycogenolysis
50. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Radiation
Absorbed triglycerides
Antidiuretic hormone
Satiation
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