Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fluctuating temperatures






2. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






3. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






4. The Origin of Species 1859


5. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






6. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






7. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






8. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






9. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






10. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






12. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






13. Humans do this through clothing






14. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






15. Native to one location and no where else






16. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






17. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






18. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






19. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






20. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






21. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






22. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






23. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






24. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






25. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






26. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






27. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






28. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






29. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






30. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






31. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






32. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






33. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






34. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






35. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






36. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






37. Humans do this through clothing






38. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






39. BMI of 30 or greater






40. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






41. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






42. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






43. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






44. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






45. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






46. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






47. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






48. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






49. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






50. BMI of 30 or greater