SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Brown fat
Heterochrony
Gastrulation
Electrolytes
2. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Macroevolution
Heterotherms
Absorptive phase
Homeostasis
3. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Chief monomers absorbed
Gluconeogenesis
Diploid
Hypothalamus
4. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Non shivering thermogensis
Hypoglycemia
Absorptive phase
Silent substitution
5. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Bowman's capsule
Evolutionary trend
Absorbed amino acids
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
6. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Obligatory Exchanges
Hemodialysis
Silent substitution
Brown fat
7. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Reabsorption
Endemic
Hemodialysis
Positive feedback
8. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Malpighian tubules
Genetic Drift
3 germ layers
Intracellular fluid
9. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Endotherms
Population density
Non shivering thermogensis
Brown fat
10. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Epithelial tissue
Nephron
Dehydration
Population
11. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Excess Glucose
Individuals do not evolve
Natural selection
Gene duplication
12. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Founder effect
Absorptive phase
Excretory system functions
Excretory organs
13. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Qualitative
Diploid
Cold fish vs hot fish
Allele frequency
14. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Heterochrony
Three theories of Darwin
Habitat patches
Obesity
15. Fluctuating temperatures
Hemodialysis
Calorie
Genotype frequency
Heterotherms
16. Different form of a gene
Lipoprotein lipase
Nucleotide Substitution
Alleles
Calorie
17. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Aldosterone
Gene duplication
Calorie
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
18. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Mutation
Population density
Ectotherms
Nervous tissue
19. Ability to compete for mates
Glucose Transporters
Population size
Intrasexual Selection
3 disadvantages of endotherms
20. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Loop of Henle
Geographic Range
Osmoconformers
Radiation
21. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Satiation
Genotype frequency
Negative feedback
Hemodialysis
22. Allele and genotype frequencies
Genetic structure
Intracellular fluid
Obligatory Exchanges
Heterotherms
23. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Fever
Heterochrony
Homeostasis
Excretory organs
24. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Geographic Range
Disruptive selection
Excretory system functions
Epithelial tissue
25. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
MR equation
Ectotherms
Bowman's capsule
Absorbed amino acids
26. One loci
Qualitative
Adaptation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Heterozygote populations
27. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Excretory organs
Exon shuffling
Gastrulation
Daily torpor
28. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Temperature sensitivity
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Geographic Range
Kidney
29. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Psuedogenes
Reabsorption
Hypoglycemia
Evaporation
30. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
P53
Metabolism
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Excess Glucose
31. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Genetic Drift
Convection
Intrasexual Selection
Hypothalamus
32. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Negative feedback
Osmoconformers
Three theories of Darwin
Lipoprotein lipase
33. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Calorie
Absorbed triglycerides
Brown fat
Epithelial tissue
34. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Evolutionary trend
Muller's Ratchet
Osmoregulators
Fitness
35. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Aldosterone
Acclimatization
Natural selection
Evaporation
36. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Secretion
Habitat patches
Glycogenolysis
Feedforward information
37. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Endemic
Absorbed amino acids
Connective tissue
Major blood buffer
38. Excrete ammonia
Size in BMR
Hypoglycemia
Ammonotelic
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
39. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Osmoconformers
Metabolic rate
Homeotherms
Mutation
40. Low glucose level in blood
Population
Interstitial fluid
Hypoglycemia
Temperature sensitivity
41. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Aldosterone
Alleles
Osmolarity
Ammonotelic
42. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Kidney
Glomerulus
Homeostasis
Dobzhansky Muller Model
43. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Sexual selection
Fever
Selfing
Gene Flow
44. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Orthologs
Microevolution
Fever
Heterotherms
45. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Silent substitution
Satiation
Allele frequency
46. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Molecular Evolution
Genotype frequency
Post absorptive stage
Neutral Theory
47. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Excretory system functions
Heterotherms
Major blood buffer
Missense Substitution
48. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Artificial selection
Founder effect
Geographic Range
3 germ layers
49. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Vasa recta
Evolutionary trend
Allele frequency formula
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
50. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Major blood buffer
Homeostasis
Electrolytes
Loop of Henle