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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






2. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






3. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






4. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






5. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






6. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






7. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






8. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






9. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






10. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






11. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






12. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






13. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






14. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






15. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






16. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






17. BMI of 30 or greater






18. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






19. Ability to compete for mates






20. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






21. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






22. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






23. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






24. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






25. Low glucose level in blood






26. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






27. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






28. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






29. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






30. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






31. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






32. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






33. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






34. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






35. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






36. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






37. Proportion of allele in population






38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






39. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






40. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






41. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






42. Proportion of genotype in population






43. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






44. Ability to compete for mates






45. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






46. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






47. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






48. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






49. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






50. Several loci