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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






2. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






3. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






4. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






5. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






6. One loci






7. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






8. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






9. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






10. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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11. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






12. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






13. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






14. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






15. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






16. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






17. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






18. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






19. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






20. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






21. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






22. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






23. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






24. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






25. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






26. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






27. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






28. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






29. Native to one location and no where else






30. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






31. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






32. Wallace






33. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






34. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






35. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






36. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






37. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






38. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






39. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






40. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






41. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






42. Proportion of genotype in population






43. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






44. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






45. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






46. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






47. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






48. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






49. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






50. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows







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