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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






2. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






3. Total number of individuals in a population






4. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






5. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






6. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






7. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






8. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






9. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






10. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






11. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






12. Different form of a gene






13. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






14. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






15. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






16. BMI of 30 or greater






17. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






18. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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19. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






20. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






21. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






22. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






23. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






24. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






25. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






26. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






27. Proportion of allele in population






28. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






29. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






30. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






31. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






32. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






33. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






34. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






35. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






36. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






37. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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39. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






40. Populations do






41. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






42. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






43. Stable temperatures






44. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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45. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






46. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






47. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






48. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






49. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






50. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis







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