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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






2. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






3. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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4. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






5. Allele and genotype frequencies






6. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






7. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






8. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






10. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






11. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






12. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






13. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






14. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






15. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






16. Excrete ammonia






17. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






18. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






19. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






20. BMI of 30 or greater






21. What organisms look like and how they behave






22. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






23. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






24. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






25. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






26. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






27. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






28. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






29. Stable temperatures






30. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






31. Low glucose level in blood






32. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






33. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






34. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






35. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






36. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






37. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






38. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






39. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






40. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






41. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






42. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






43. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






44. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






45. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






46. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






47. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






48. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






50. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)