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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






2. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






3. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






4. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






5. Harmful mutation






6. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






7. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






8. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






9. Humans do this through clothing






10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






11. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






12. Several loci






13. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






14. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






15. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






16. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






17. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






18. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






19. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






20. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






21. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






22. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






23. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






24. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






25. Proportion of allele in population






26. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






27. What organisms look like and how they behave






28. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






29. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






30. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






31. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






32. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






33. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






34. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






35. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






36. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






37. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






38. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






39. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






40. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






41. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






42. Fluctuating temperatures






43. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






44. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






45. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






46. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






47. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






48. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






49. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






50. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells