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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






2. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






3. Several loci






4. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






5. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






6. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






7. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






8. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






9. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






10. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






11. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






12. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






13. Allele and genotype frequencies






14. Different form of a gene






15. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






16. BMI of 30 or greater






17. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






18. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






19. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)


20. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






21. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






22. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






23. Populations do






24. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






25. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






26. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






27. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






28. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






29. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






30. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






31. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






32. Allele and genotype frequencies






33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






34. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






35. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






36. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






37. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






38. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






39. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






40. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






41. Proportion of genotype in population






42. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






43. Different form of a gene






44. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






45. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






46. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






47. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






48. Sum of all alleles






49. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






50. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy