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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Kidney
Leptin
Habitat patches
Radiation
2. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Obligatory Exchanges
Post absorptive stage
Chief monomers absorbed
Insulin
3. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Obesity
Molecular Evolution
Malpighian tubules
4. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Thermal insulation
Nervous tissue
Metabolism
5. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Lower critical temperature
Hemodialysis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Microevolution
6. Wallace
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Post absorptive stage
Heterotopy
Alleles
7. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Artificial directional selection
Molecular Evolution
Allele frequency formula
Disruptive selection
8. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Stabilizing Selection
Interstitial fluid
Neutral Theory
9. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Reabsorption
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Hemodialysis
Insulin
10. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Genetic Drift
Orthologs
Glucose Transporters
Habitat patches
11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Fever
Lipoprotein lipase
Brown fat
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
12. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
3 germ layers
Heterochrony
MR equation
Secretion
13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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14. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Population size
Conduction
Post absorptive stage
Individuals do not evolve
15. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Lipoprotein lipase
Geographic Range
Gluconeogenesis
Excretory organs
16. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Intrasexual Selection
Molecular Evolution
Lipoprotein lipase
Disruptive selection
17. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Homeostasis
Thermal insulation
Heterozygote populations
P53
18. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Excess Glucose
Muscle tissue
Hemodialysis
Intrasexual Selection
19. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Directional selection
Nitrogenous wastes
Homeotherms
Temperature sensitivity
20. Stable temperatures
Temperature sensitivity
Tubule
Individuals do not evolve
Homeotherms
21. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Three theories of Darwin
Habitat patches
Fever
Meiosis
22. One loci
MR equation
Genetic structure
Psuedogenes
Qualitative
23. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Missense Substitution
Silent substitution
Geographic Range
Tubule
24. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Ectotherms
Intracellular fluid
Habitat patches
Obligatory Exchanges
25. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Chief monomers absorbed
Deleterious
Size in BMR
Cold fish vs hot fish
26. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Osmolarity
Nervous tissue
3 germ layers
Genetic Drift
27. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Hypothalamus
Excretory organs
Genetic Drift
Size in BMR
28. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Muller's Ratchet
Qualitative
Allele frequency
Vasa recta
29. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Founder effect
Metanephridia
Post absorptive stage
Interstitial fluid
30. Different form of a gene
Molecular Evolution
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Excretory system functions
Alleles
31. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Metabolism
Absorbed triglycerides
Acclimatization
Excretory system functions
32. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Interstitial fluid
Qualitative
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Loop of Henle
33. Total number of individuals in a population
Fever
Population size
Osmoregulators
Evolutionary trend
34. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Excess Glucose
Fever
Mutation
Obligatory Exchanges
35. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Sexual selection
Molecular Evolution
Radiation
Geographic Range
36. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Intrasexual Selection
Osmoregulators
Kidney
Missense Substitution
37. Fluctuating temperatures
Heterotherms
Geographic Range
Osmoregulators
Metanephridia
38. What organisms look like and how they behave
Neutral Theory
Phenotype
Darwin's book
Antidiuretic hormone
39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Qualitative
Macroevolution
Glycogenolysis
Sexual selection
40. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Molecular Evolution
Gene duplication
Intrasexual Selection
Missense Substitution
41. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Aldosterone
Orthologs
Obesity
Gene pool
42. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Electrolytes
Osmoconformers
Deleterious
MR equation
43. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Other guy who came up with natural selection
P53
Hypothalamus
44. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Major blood buffer
Radiation
Malpighian tubules
Muller's Ratchet
45. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Neutral Theory
Feedforward information
Interstitial fluid
46. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Habitat patches
Bowman's capsule
Nephron
Fitness
47. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Exon shuffling
Osmoconformers
Lower critical temperature
Aldosterone
48. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Habitat
Absorbed triglycerides
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Daily torpor
49. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Energy expenditure
Glomerulus
Orthologs
Ectotherms
50. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Insulin
Habitat patches
P53
Muscle tissue
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