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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






2. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






3. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






4. Harmful mutation






5. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






6. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






7. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






8. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






9. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






10. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






11. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






12. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






13. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






14. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






15. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






16. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






17. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






18. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






19. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






20. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






21. Native to one location and no where else






22. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






23. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






24. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






25. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






26. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






27. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






28. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






29. Proportion of genotype in population






30. Fluctuating temperatures






31. Harmful mutation






32. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






33. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






34. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






35. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






36. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






37. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






38. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






39. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






40. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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41. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






42. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






43. Proportion of allele in population






44. What organisms look like and how they behave






45. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






46. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






47. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






48. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






49. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






50. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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