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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Heterotopy
Metabolic rate
Negative feedback
Genetic Drift
2. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Major blood buffer
Heterotherms
Gluconeogenesis
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
3. Populations do
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Fever
Metabolic rate
Individuals do not evolve
4. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Metabolism
Nitrogenous wastes
Obesity
Allele frequency formula
5. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Neutral Theory
Feedforward information
Orthologs
Gene Flow
6. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Post absorptive stage
Heterozygote populations
Missense Substitution
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
7. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Diploid
Stabilizing Selection
Alleles
Psuedogenes
8. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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9. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Directional selection
Psuedogenes
Silent substitution
Fever
10. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Heterozygote populations
Loop of Henle
Interstitial fluid
Nucleotide Substitution
11. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Mutation
Major blood buffer
Kidney
Meiosis
12. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Genetic Drift
Feedforward information
Neutral Theory
Kidney
13. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Homeotherms
Calorie
Habitat
Satiation
14. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Endotherms
Silent substitution
Obligatory Exchanges
Habitat patches
15. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Absorbed triglycerides
Sexual selection
Heterozygote populations
Molecular Evolution
16. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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17. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Intrasexual Selection
Gene duplication
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Hypoglycemia
18. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Interstitial fluid
Habitat
Mutation
Reabsorption
19. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Evolutionary trend
Osmoconformers
Allele frequency formula
Homeostasis
20. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Epithelial tissue
Loop of Henle
Gene pool
Homeotherms
21. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Homeostasis
Lower critical temperature
Endotherms
22. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Quantitative
P53
Genotype frequency
Hypothalamus
23. Harmful mutation
Ammonotelic
Tubule
Deleterious
Nervous tissue
24. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Cold fish vs hot fish
Lipoprotein lipase
Heat budget equation
Silent substitution
25. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Excretory organs
Bowman's capsule
Absorbed triglycerides
26. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Lipoprotein lipase
Hemodialysis
Mutation
Negative feedback
27. The Origin of Species 1859
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28. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Habitat
Sexual selection
Mutation
Absorptive phase
29. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Homeotherms
Satiation
Metabolic rate
Evolutionary trend
30. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Vasa recta
Intracellular fluid
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
31. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Dehydration
Psuedogenes
Disruptive selection
Muscle tissue
32. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Homeostasis
Orthologs
Exon shuffling
Absorbed amino acids
33. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Stabilizing Selection
Ammonotelic
Deleterious
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
34. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Genotype frequency
Genome size
Nitrogenous wastes
35. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Heat budget equation
Lateral gene transfer
Disruptive selection
36. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Genetic Drift
Hemodialysis
Heterochrony
Habitat
37. Proportion of allele in population
Nephron
Allele frequency
Negative feedback
Individuals do not evolve
38. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
MR equation
Exon shuffling
Metabolic rate
Selfing
39. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Neutral Theory
Quantitative
Gastrulation
40. Wallace
Conduction
Sexual selection
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
41. BMI of 30 or greater
Neutral Theory
Obesity
Founder effect
Homeostasis
42. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Endotherms
Homeotherms
Intrasexual Selection
Mutation
43. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Nitrogenous wastes
Intrasexual Selection
Negative feedback
Missense Substitution
44. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Three theories of Darwin
Thermal insulation
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Founder effect
45. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Adaptation
Allele frequency
Microevolution
Lower critical temperature
46. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Population size
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Positive feedback
47. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Post absorptive stage
Three theories of Darwin
Reabsorption
Satiation
48. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Obligatory Exchanges
Absorptive phase
Ectotherms
Mutation
49. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Quantitative
Glycogenolysis
Bowman's capsule
Habitat
50. One loci
Qualitative
Insulin
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Thermal insulation