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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






2. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






3. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






4. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






5. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






6. One loci






7. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






8. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






9. Harmful mutation






10. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






11. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






12. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






13. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






14. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






15. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






16. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






17. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






18. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






19. What organisms look like and how they behave






20. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






21. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






23. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






24. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






25. Fluctuating temperatures






26. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






27. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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28. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






29. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






30. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






31. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






32. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






33. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






34. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






35. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






36. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






37. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






38. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






39. Native to one location and no where else






40. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






41. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






42. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






43. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






44. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






45. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






46. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






47. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






48. Total number of individuals in a population






49. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






50. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)







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