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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Feedforward information
Nervous tissue
Heterotherms
Insulin
2. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Ammonotelic
Honest signal
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Silent substitution
3. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Macroevolution
Qualitative
Neutral Theory
Disruptive selection
4. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Absorbed triglycerides
Nephron
Absorptive phase
Intracellular fluid
5. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Fever
Muller's Ratchet
Conduction
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
6. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Chief monomers absorbed
Loop of Henle
Lateral gene transfer
Reabsorption
7. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Excretory organs
Glycogenolysis
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Absorbed amino acids
8. Several loci
Exon shuffling
Acclimatization
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Quantitative
9. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Diploid
Allele frequency formula
Energy expenditure
Habitat
10. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Homeotherms
Honest signal
Vestigial structures
Absorbed amino acids
11. The Origin of Species 1859
12. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Genetic Drift
MR equation
Endemic
Tubule
13. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Feedforward information
Absorbed triglycerides
Energy expenditure
Antidiuretic hormone
14. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Genetic Drift
Feedforward information
Artificial selection
15. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Thermal insulation
Lower critical temperature
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Intracellular fluid
16. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Nucleotide Substitution
Conduction
Ammonotelic
Chief monomers absorbed
17. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Evaporation
Aldosterone
Gene duplication
Ammonotelic
18. Stable temperatures
Directional selection
Meiosis
Homeotherms
Osmoconformers
19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Homeostasis
Intrasexual Selection
Brown fat
Electrolytes
20. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Habitat patches
Population
Nervous tissue
Radiation
21. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Sexual selection
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Nucleotide Substitution
22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Endotherms
Hemodialysis
Psuedogenes
Intracellular fluid
23. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Non shivering thermogensis
Absorbed triglycerides
Directional selection
24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Endotherms
Heterotherms
Osmoregulators
Interstitial fluid
25. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Feedforward information
Adaptation
Vasa recta
Fitness
26. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Muscle tissue
Meiosis
Natural selection
27. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Gene Flow
Microevolution
Individuals do not evolve
Positive feedback
28. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Leptin
Genotype frequency
Heat budget equation
Meiosis
29. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Heterozygote populations
Temperature sensitivity
Non shivering thermogensis
Allele frequency formula
30. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Nervous tissue
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Absorbed triglycerides
31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Conduction
Loop of Henle
Artificial selection
Nephron
32. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Heterotopy
Thermal insulation
Three theories of Darwin
Feedforward information
33. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Absorbed amino acids
Basal Metabolic Rate
Quantitative
Osmolarity
34. Native to one location and no where else
Endemic
Mutation
Reabsorption
Homeostasis
35. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Habitat
Deleterious
Fever
Temperature sensitivity
36. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Silent substitution
Calorie
Osmoconformers
Microevolution
37. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Allele frequency formula
Nephron
Phenotype
Heat budget equation
38. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Artificial directional selection
Non shivering thermogensis
Conduction
Glomerulus
39. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Major blood buffer
Feedforward information
Chief monomers absorbed
Loop of Henle
40. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Energy expenditure
Sexual selection
Radiation
Artificial selection
41. Fluctuating temperatures
Heat budget equation
Calorie
Heterotherms
Heterotopy
42. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Habitat
Feedforward information
Excretory system functions
Three theories of Darwin
43. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Post absorptive stage
Cold fish vs hot fish
Artificial directional selection
Directional selection
44. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Post absorptive stage
Neutral Theory
Molecular Evolution
Electrolytes
45. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Excess Glucose
Directional selection
Temperature sensitivity
Gene Flow
46. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Gene duplication
Adaptation
Fitness
Ketones
47. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Obligatory Exchanges
Macroevolution
Psuedogenes
Genotype frequency
48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Metanephridia
Post absorptive stage
Antidiuretic hormone
Heat budget equation
49. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Deleterious
Vasa recta
Adaptation
Lower critical temperature
50. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Dehydration
P53
Excretory system functions
Natural selection