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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






2. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






3. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






4. Several loci






5. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






6. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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7. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






8. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






9. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






10. Sum of all alleles






11. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






12. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






13. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






14. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






15. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






16. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






17. BMI of 30 or greater






18. One loci






19. Stable temperatures






20. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






21. Harmful mutation






22. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






23. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






24. One loci






25. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






26. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






27. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






28. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






29. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






30. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






31. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






32. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






33. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






35. Allele and genotype frequencies






36. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






37. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






38. Stable temperatures






39. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






40. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






41. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






42. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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43. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






44. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






45. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






46. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






47. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






48. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






49. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






50. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)