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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






2. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






3. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






4. The Origin of Species 1859

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5. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






6. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






7. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






8. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






9. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






10. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






11. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






12. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






13. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






14. Low glucose level in blood






15. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






16. One loci






17. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






18. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






19. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






20. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






21. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






22. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






23. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






24. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






25. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






26. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






27. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






28. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






29. Humans do this through clothing






30. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






31. Several loci






32. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






33. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






34. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






35. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






36. Proportion of genotype in population






37. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






38. Proportion of genotype in population






39. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






40. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






41. The Origin of Species 1859

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42. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






43. Native to one location and no where else






44. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






45. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






46. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






47. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






48. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






49. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






50. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)