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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Native to one location and no where else






2. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






3. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






4. Total number of individuals in a population






5. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






6. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






7. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






8. Low glucose level in blood






9. Low glucose level in blood






10. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






11. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






12. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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14. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






15. Allele and genotype frequencies






16. Native to one location and no where else






17. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






18. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






19. Populations do






20. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






21. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






22. The Origin of Species 1859

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23. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






24. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






25. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






26. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






27. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






28. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






29. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






30. Sum of all alleles






31. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






32. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






33. Excrete ammonia






34. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






35. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






36. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






37. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






38. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






39. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






40. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






41. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






42. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






43. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






44. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






45. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






46. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






47. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






48. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






49. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






50. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments







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