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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






2. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






3. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






4. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






5. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






6. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






7. Populations do






8. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






9. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






10. Stable temperatures






11. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






12. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






13. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






14. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






15. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






16. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






17. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






18. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






19. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






20. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






21. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






22. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






23. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






24. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






25. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






26. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






27. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






28. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






29. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






30. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






31. Different form of a gene






32. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






33. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






34. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






36. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






37. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






38. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






39. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






40. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






41. Fluctuating temperatures






42. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






43. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






44. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






45. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






46. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






48. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






50. Ability to compete for mates