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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






2. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






3. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






4. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






5. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






6. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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7. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






8. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






9. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






10. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






11. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






12. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






13. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






14. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






15. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






16. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






17. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






18. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






19. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






20. Proportion of allele in population






21. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






22. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






23. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






24. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






25. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






26. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






27. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






28. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






29. One loci






30. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






31. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






32. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






33. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






34. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






35. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






36. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






37. One loci






38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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39. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






40. Several loci






41. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






42. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






43. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






44. Sum of all alleles






45. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






46. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






47. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






48. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






49. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






50. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)