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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Size in BMR
Non shivering thermogensis
Heterozygote populations
Habitat patches
2. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Gastrulation
Temperature sensitivity
Dehydration
Kidney
3. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Aldosterone
Negative feedback
Population density
MR equation
4. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Gene Flow
Obesity
Natural selection
Nephron
5. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Natural selection
Endemic
Individuals do not evolve
6. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Epithelial tissue
Heterotopy
Geographic Range
Aldosterone
7. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Insulin
Temperature sensitivity
Homeotherms
Microevolution
8. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Artificial selection
3 germ layers
Evolutionary trend
Orthologs
9. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Glucose Transporters
Dehydration
Ketones
Three theories of Darwin
10. Proportion of genotype in population
Genotype frequency
Mutation
Fitness
Alleles
11. Fluctuating temperatures
Malpighian tubules
Heterotherms
Calorie
Ketones
12. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Ammonotelic
Darwin's book
Metabolic rate
Heat budget equation
13. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Intrasexual Selection
Brown fat
Artificial directional selection
Daily torpor
14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Selfing
Endotherms
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Population size
15. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Positive feedback
Orthologs
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Homeotherms
16. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Ammonotelic
Adaptation
Selfing
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
17. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Gene pool
Epithelial tissue
Geographic Range
Exon shuffling
18. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Osmolarity
Hemodialysis
Other guy who came up with natural selection
19. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Major blood buffer
Heterotherms
Stabilizing Selection
Connective tissue
20. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Nitrogenous wastes
Secretion
Hypothalamus
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
21. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Genetic structure
Satiation
Absorbed triglycerides
Gene Flow
22. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Antidiuretic hormone
Hypoglycemia
Habitat
Absorbed amino acids
23. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Absorptive phase
Obesity
Glucose Transporters
Missense Substitution
24. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Electrolytes
Population density
Vasa recta
Macroevolution
25. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Antidiuretic hormone
Disruptive selection
Phenotype
Psuedogenes
26. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Glomerulus
Absorptive phase
Hypoglycemia
Directional selection
27. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Tubule
Genetic Drift
Honest signal
Size in BMR
28. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Genotype frequency
Osmolarity
Major blood buffer
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
29. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Individuals do not evolve
Cold fish vs hot fish
Hypoglycemia
Dobzhansky Muller Model
30. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Heterotopy
Gluconeogenesis
Interstitial fluid
Adaptation
31. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Mutation
Non shivering thermogensis
Homeotherms
32. Populations do
Glycogenolysis
3 germ layers
Individuals do not evolve
Calorie
33. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Leptin
Gastrulation
MR equation
Evolutionary trend
34. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Absorbed triglycerides
Radiation
Intrasexual Selection
Basal Metabolic Rate
35. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Negative feedback
Heat budget equation
Lipoprotein lipase
36. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Meiosis
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Hemodialysis
Mutation
37. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Homeotherms
Antidiuretic hormone
Exon shuffling
Bowman's capsule
38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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39. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Genome size
Gastrulation
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
3 germ layers
40. Several loci
Artificial selection
Quantitative
Daily torpor
Artificial selection
41. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Diploid
Genome size
Fitness
42. Sum of all alleles
Geographic Range
Endemic
Gene pool
Genetic structure
43. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Heterozygote populations
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Endemic
44. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
3 germ layers
Chief monomers absorbed
Silent substitution
Gene Flow
45. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Alleles
Negative feedback
Aldosterone
Vestigial structures
46. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Neutral Theory
Feedforward information
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Ammonotelic
47. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Nitrogenous wastes
Darwin's book
Intracellular fluid
Sexual selection
48. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Nitrogenous wastes
Loop of Henle
Population density
Absorbed amino acids
49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Intracellular fluid
P53
Calorie
Obligatory Exchanges
50. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Lower critical temperature
Intracellular fluid
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Dehydration