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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Size in BMR
Metabolism
Insulin
Heterotopy
2. Different form of a gene
Lateral gene transfer
Bowman's capsule
Alleles
Glycogenolysis
3. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Heat budget equation
Population density
Genome size
Missense Substitution
4. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Intrasexual Selection
Metabolism
Antidiuretic hormone
Silent substitution
5. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Vestigial structures
Radiation
Missense Substitution
Dehydration
6. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Secretion
Conduction
Non shivering thermogensis
Genome size
7. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Directional selection
Glycogenolysis
Psuedogenes
Nervous tissue
8. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Hypothalamus
Allele frequency formula
Absorbed triglycerides
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
9. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Osmoconformers
Ammonotelic
Tubule
Genome size
10. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Heat budget equation
Selfing
Stabilizing Selection
Geographic Range
11. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Muscle tissue
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Absorbed triglycerides
Quantitative
12. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Glucose Transporters
Osmolarity
Reabsorption
Population size
13. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Glucose Transporters
Absorbed amino acids
Heterotherms
Allele frequency formula
14. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Acclimatization
Homeostasis
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Malpighian tubules
15. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Artificial directional selection
Vasa recta
Kidney
Hemodialysis
16. Low glucose level in blood
MR equation
Metanephridia
Artificial selection
Hypoglycemia
17. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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18. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Disruptive selection
Evolutionary trend
Homeostasis
Sexual selection
19. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Thermal insulation
Artificial selection
Meiosis
Vestigial structures
20. Proportion of allele in population
Daily torpor
Genotype frequency
Hypothalamus
Allele frequency
21. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Sexual selection
Metabolism
Macroevolution
Non shivering thermogensis
22. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Habitat
Adaptation
MR equation
3 germ layers
23. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Lipoprotein lipase
Intracellular fluid
Radiation
Osmolarity
24. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Sexual selection
Missense Substitution
Genotype frequency
Glycogenolysis
25. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Metabolism
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Obligatory Exchanges
Dobzhansky Muller Model
26. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Ectotherms
Excretory organs
Post absorptive stage
Glomerular Filtration Rate
27. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Homeostasis
Gene duplication
Ectotherms
Dehydration
28. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Orthologs
Electrolytes
Heterochrony
Non shivering thermogensis
29. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Lower critical temperature
Electrolytes
Conduction
30. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Nitrogenous wastes
Lipoprotein lipase
Acclimatization
Electrolytes
31. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Three theories of Darwin
Connective tissue
Malpighian tubules
Fever
32. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Sexual selection
Ectotherms
Osmolarity
Quantitative
33. Different form of a gene
Alleles
Antidiuretic hormone
Obesity
Nucleotide Substitution
34. Harmful mutation
Deleterious
Absorbed amino acids
Founder effect
Energy expenditure
35. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Nucleotide Substitution
Muscle tissue
Habitat
Glomerulus
36. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Neutral Theory
Nephron
Obligatory Exchanges
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
37. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Homeostasis
Genetic Drift
Metabolism
Disruptive selection
38. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Psuedogenes
Loop of Henle
Artificial directional selection
39. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Daily torpor
Deleterious
Gene Flow
40. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Meiosis
Secretion
Macroevolution
Fitness
41. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Leptin
Size in BMR
MR equation
42. Fluctuating temperatures
Post absorptive stage
Insulin
Silent substitution
Heterotherms
43. Ability to compete for mates
Intrasexual Selection
Temperature sensitivity
Nucleotide Substitution
Tubule
44. Ability to compete for mates
Intrasexual Selection
Molecular Evolution
Absorbed amino acids
Evaporation
45. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Hypothalamus
Non shivering thermogensis
Metabolic rate
Heat budget equation
46. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Interstitial fluid
Excretory organs
Convection
Hypoglycemia
47. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Individuals do not evolve
Chief monomers absorbed
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Evaporation
48. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Nitrogenous wastes
Missense Substitution
Natural selection
Psuedogenes
49. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Genotype frequency
Aldosterone
Three theories of Darwin
Secretion
50. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Negative feedback
Obesity
Energy expenditure
Psuedogenes
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