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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






2. Fluctuating temperatures






3. Different form of a gene






4. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






5. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






6. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






7. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






8. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






9. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






11. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






12. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






13. Fluctuating temperatures






14. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






15. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






16. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






17. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






18. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






19. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






20. Low glucose level in blood






21. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






22. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






23. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






24. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






25. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






26. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






27. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






28. Harmful mutation






29. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






30. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






31. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






32. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






33. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






34. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






35. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






36. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






37. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






38. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






39. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






40. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






41. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






42. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






43. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






44. Stable temperatures






45. Proportion of genotype in population






46. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






47. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






48. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






49. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






50. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life