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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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2. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






3. Harmful mutation






4. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






5. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






6. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






7. One loci






8. What organisms look like and how they behave






9. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






10. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






11. Proportion of genotype in population






12. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






13. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






14. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






15. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






16. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






17. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






18. Humans do this through clothing






19. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






20. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






21. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






22. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






23. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






24. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






25. Ability to compete for mates






26. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






27. Proportion of allele in population






28. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






29. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






30. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






31. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






32. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






33. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






34. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






35. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






36. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






37. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






38. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






39. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






40. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






41. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






42. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






43. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






44. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






45. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






46. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






47. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






48. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






49. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






50. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)