Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






2. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






3. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






4. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






5. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






6. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






7. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






8. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






9. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






10. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






11. BMI of 30 or greater






12. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






13. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






14. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






15. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






16. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






17. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


18. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






19. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






20. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






21. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






22. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






23. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






24. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






25. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






26. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






27. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






28. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






29. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






30. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






31. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






32. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






33. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






34. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






35. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






36. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






37. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






38. Stable temperatures






39. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






40. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






41. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






42. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






43. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






44. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






45. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






46. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






47. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






48. Native to one location and no where else






49. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






50. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)