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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






2. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






3. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






4. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






5. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






6. Allele and genotype frequencies






7. One loci






8. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






9. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






11. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






12. Total number of individuals in a population






13. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






14. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






15. Fluctuating temperatures






16. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






17. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






18. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






19. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






20. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






21. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






22. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






23. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






24. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






25. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






26. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






27. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






28. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






29. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






30. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






31. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






32. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






33. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






34. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






35. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






36. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






37. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






38. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






39. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






40. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






41. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






42. Total number of individuals in a population






43. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






44. BMI of 30 or greater






45. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






46. BMI of 30 or greater






47. Stable temperatures






48. The Origin of Species 1859

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49. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






50. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)