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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low glucose level in blood






2. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






3. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






4. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






5. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






6. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






7. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






8. Stable temperatures






9. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






10. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






11. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






12. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






13. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






14. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






15. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






16. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






17. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






18. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






19. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






20. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






21. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






22. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






23. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






24. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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25. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






26. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






27. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






28. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






29. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






30. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






31. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






32. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






33. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






34. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






35. The Origin of Species 1859

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36. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






37. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






38. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






39. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






40. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






41. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






42. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






43. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






44. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






45. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






46. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






47. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






48. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






49. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






50. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)