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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






2. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






3. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






4. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






5. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






6. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






7. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






8. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






9. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






10. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






11. Harmful mutation






12. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






13. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






14. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






15. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






16. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






17. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






18. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






19. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






20. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






21. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






22. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






23. Different form of a gene






24. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






25. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






26. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






27. Different form of a gene






28. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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29. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






30. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






31. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






32. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






33. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






34. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






35. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






36. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






37. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






38. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






39. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






40. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






41. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






42. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






43. Native to one location and no where else






44. Stable temperatures






45. Stable temperatures






46. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






47. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






48. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






49. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






50. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat