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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allele and genotype frequencies
Genetic structure
Excretory system functions
Evaporation
Bowman's capsule
2. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Lateral gene transfer
Evaporation
Antidiuretic hormone
Gene Flow
3. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Allele frequency
Lower critical temperature
Cold fish vs hot fish
Selfing
4. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Chief monomers absorbed
Founder effect
Brown fat
Leptin
5. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Neutral Theory
Metabolism
Excretory system functions
Molecular Evolution
6. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Alleles
Nitrogenous wastes
Population density
P53
7. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Meiosis
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Epithelial tissue
Energy expenditure
8. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Energy expenditure
Fitness
Stabilizing Selection
Excretory organs
9. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Intracellular fluid
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Fever
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
10. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Electrolytes
Osmolarity
Vestigial structures
Osmoconformers
11. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Nitrogenous wastes
Acclimatization
Qualitative
Cold fish vs hot fish
12. Harmful mutation
Glucose Transporters
Ammonotelic
Deleterious
Heterotopy
13. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Alleles
Nephron
Gene Flow
Excretory organs
14. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Genome size
Brown fat
Hemodialysis
Kidney
15. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Tubule
Size in BMR
Brown fat
Hypothalamus
16. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Calorie
Phenotype
Vestigial structures
Genotype frequency
17. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Hemodialysis
Nitrogenous wastes
Adaptation
Interstitial fluid
18. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Hypothalamus
Excretory organs
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Endemic
19. Sum of all alleles
Evolutionary trend
Intracellular fluid
Quantitative
Gene pool
20. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Excretory organs
Osmoconformers
Metabolic rate
Secretion
21. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Hemodialysis
Satiation
Non shivering thermogensis
Obligatory Exchanges
22. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Lower critical temperature
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Honest signal
Evaporation
23. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Phenotype
Vestigial structures
Metanephridia
Ammonotelic
24. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Adaptation
Silent substitution
Metanephridia
Bowman's capsule
25. Native to one location and no where else
Missense Substitution
Endotherms
Endemic
Electrolytes
26. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Habitat
Secretion
Loop of Henle
Genetic Drift
27. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Genome size
Heat budget equation
Genetic Drift
Metabolic rate
28. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Genetic Drift
Aldosterone
Acclimatization
29. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Population size
Conduction
Osmoregulators
Directional selection
30. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
P53
Exon shuffling
Nervous tissue
Dobzhansky Muller Model
31. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Endemic
Genetic Drift
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Connective tissue
32. One loci
Major blood buffer
Metabolic rate
Qualitative
Genetic structure
33. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Disruptive selection
Basal Metabolic Rate
Ectotherms
Gastrulation
34. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Intrasexual Selection
Muscle tissue
Metabolic rate
3 germ layers
35. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Alleles
Non shivering thermogensis
Excess Glucose
Connective tissue
36. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Lower critical temperature
Heterotherms
Diploid
Antidiuretic hormone
37. Humans do this through clothing
Vasa recta
Thermal insulation
Major blood buffer
Muscle tissue
38. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Reabsorption
Connective tissue
Missense Substitution
39. Allele and genotype frequencies
Ectotherms
Genetic structure
Daily torpor
Evolutionary trend
40. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Ectotherms
Metabolism
Directional selection
Phenotype
41. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Population density
Absorptive phase
Population size
Tubule
42. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Mutation
Microevolution
Natural selection
Chief monomers absorbed
43. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Genotype frequency
Gene duplication
Artificial selection
Homeostasis
44. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Allele frequency
Excretory organs
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Selfing
45. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Adaptation
Exon shuffling
Energy expenditure
46. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Allele frequency
Absorbed triglycerides
Lower critical temperature
Osmoregulators
47. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Excretory organs
Metanephridia
Orthologs
Glucose Transporters
48. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Metabolism
Intracellular fluid
Alleles
Genome size
49. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Convection
Endotherms
Size in BMR
Tubule
50. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Metabolic rate
Ectotherms
Interstitial fluid
Population size