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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low glucose level in blood






2. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






3. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






4. What organisms look like and how they behave






5. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






6. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






7. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






8. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






9. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






10. Proportion of genotype in population






11. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






12. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






13. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






14. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






15. BMI of 30 or greater






16. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






17. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






18. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






19. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






20. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






21. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






22. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






23. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






24. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






25. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






26. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






27. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






28. Native to one location and no where else






29. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






30. Several loci






31. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






32. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






33. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






34. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






35. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






36. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






37. Native to one location and no where else






38. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






39. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






40. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






41. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






42. Proportion of allele in population






43. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






44. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






45. Ability to compete for mates






46. Humans do this through clothing






47. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






48. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






49. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






50. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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