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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






2. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






3. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






4. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






5. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






6. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






7. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






8. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






9. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






10. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






11. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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12. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






13. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






14. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






15. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






16. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






17. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






18. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






19. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






20. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






21. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






22. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






23. Sum of all alleles






24. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






25. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






26. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






27. Humans do this through clothing






28. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






29. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






30. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






31. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






32. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






33. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






34. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






35. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






36. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






37. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






38. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






39. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






40. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






41. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






42. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






43. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






44. Native to one location and no where else






45. One loci






46. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






47. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






48. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






49. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






50. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm







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