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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportion of genotype in population






2. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






3. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






4. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






5. Different form of a gene






6. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






7. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






8. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






9. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






10. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






12. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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14. The Origin of Species 1859

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15. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






16. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






17. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






18. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






19. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






21. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






22. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






23. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






24. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






25. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






26. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






27. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






28. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






29. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






30. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






31. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






32. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






33. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






34. Humans do this through clothing






35. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






36. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






37. Stable temperatures






38. Sum of all alleles






39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






40. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






41. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






42. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






43. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






44. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






45. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






46. Total number of individuals in a population






47. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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48. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






49. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






50. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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