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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Metabolism
Intrasexual Selection
Leptin
Lipoprotein lipase
2. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Quantitative
Convection
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Reabsorption
3. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Muller's Ratchet
Lower critical temperature
Aldosterone
Silent substitution
4. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Evolutionary trend
Basal Metabolic Rate
Acclimatization
Interstitial fluid
5. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Selfing
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Thermal insulation
Cold fish vs hot fish
6. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Orthologs
Conduction
Psuedogenes
7. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Fitness
Malpighian tubules
Gluconeogenesis
Mutation
8. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Leptin
Directional selection
Radiation
9. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Hemodialysis
Gastrulation
Lateral gene transfer
Genome size
10. One loci
Osmolarity
Qualitative
Geographic Range
Obligatory Exchanges
11. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Geographic Range
Neutral Theory
Heat budget equation
Glycogenolysis
12. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Gluconeogenesis
Muller's Ratchet
Artificial directional selection
Excretory system functions
13. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Gene Flow
Calorie
Heterochrony
Genotype frequency
14. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Hypothalamus
Neutral Theory
Positive feedback
Heat budget equation
15. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Basal Metabolic Rate
Chief monomers absorbed
Interstitial fluid
Habitat patches
16. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Metabolism
Exon shuffling
Neutral Theory
Excess Glucose
17. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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18. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Evolutionary trend
Glycogenolysis
Gene pool
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
19. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Muscle tissue
Daily torpor
Habitat patches
Hypothalamus
20. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Absorptive phase
Hemodialysis
Acclimatization
Honest signal
21. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Qualitative
Fever
Quantitative
Lower critical temperature
22. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Metabolism
Vasa recta
Interstitial fluid
Radiation
23. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Nucleotide Substitution
Connective tissue
Brown fat
Fitness
24. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Acclimatization
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Secretion
Loop of Henle
25. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Nervous tissue
Gastrulation
Silent substitution
Obligatory Exchanges
26. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Heterozygote populations
Microevolution
Tubule
Size in BMR
27. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Brown fat
Gene pool
Obesity
Homeostasis
28. Stable temperatures
Homeotherms
Excretory organs
Nucleotide Substitution
Kidney
29. Excrete ammonia
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Gene pool
Ammonotelic
Nephron
30. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Ketones
Allele frequency formula
Gene duplication
Thermal insulation
31. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Disruptive selection
Nitrogenous wastes
Metabolism
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
32. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Antidiuretic hormone
Convection
Excretory organs
Lower critical temperature
33. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Feedforward information
Osmoregulators
Thermal insulation
34. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Lower critical temperature
Heterozygote populations
Adaptation
Lower critical temperature
35. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Absorbed triglycerides
Fitness
Genome size
P53
36. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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37. Ability to compete for mates
Genetic structure
Lipoprotein lipase
Intrasexual Selection
Feedforward information
38. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Nucleotide Substitution
Satiation
Stabilizing Selection
Honest signal
39. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Directional selection
Acclimatization
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Osmoconformers
40. The Origin of Species 1859
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41. Native to one location and no where else
Convection
Endemic
Insulin
Size in BMR
42. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Nervous tissue
Bowman's capsule
Positive feedback
Genetic structure
43. Low glucose level in blood
Phenotype
Metabolism
Heterotherms
Hypoglycemia
44. Humans do this through clothing
Heterotopy
Absorbed amino acids
Thermal insulation
Population size
45. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Acclimatization
Hemodialysis
Glycogenolysis
46. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Gene duplication
Vestigial structures
Convection
Dobzhansky Muller Model
47. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Orthologs
Artificial selection
Metabolism
Heterotherms
48. Total number of individuals in a population
Homeotherms
Convection
Osmoconformers
Population size
49. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Electrolytes
Population
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolic rate
50. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Bowman's capsule
Metabolism
Major blood buffer
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium