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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






2. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






3. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






4. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






5. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






6. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






7. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






8. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






9. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






10. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






11. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






12. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






13. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






14. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






15. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






16. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






17. Different form of a gene






18. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






19. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






20. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






21. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






22. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






23. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






24. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






25. Proportion of genotype in population






26. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






27. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






28. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






29. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






30. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






32. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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33. Excrete ammonia






34. Native to one location and no where else






35. Several loci






36. Wallace






37. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






38. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






39. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






40. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






41. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






42. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






43. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






44. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






45. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






46. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






47. Low glucose level in blood






48. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






49. The Origin of Species 1859

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50. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite