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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






2. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






3. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






4. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






5. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






6. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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7. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






8. What organisms look like and how they behave






9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






10. Proportion of allele in population






11. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






12. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






13. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






14. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






15. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






16. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






17. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






18. Humans do this through clothing






19. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






20. Proportion of allele in population






21. BMI of 30 or greater






22. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






23. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






24. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






25. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






26. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






27. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






28. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






29. Excrete ammonia






30. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






31. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






32. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






33. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






34. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






35. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






36. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






37. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






38. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






39. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






40. Native to one location and no where else






41. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






42. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






43. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






44. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






45. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






46. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






47. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






48. Harmful mutation






49. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






50. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range