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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to compete for mates






2. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






3. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






4. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






5. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






6. Sum of all alleles






7. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






8. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






9. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






10. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






11. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






12. Low glucose level in blood






13. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






14. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






15. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






16. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






17. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






18. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






19. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






20. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






21. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






22. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






23. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






24. Populations do






25. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






26. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






27. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






28. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






29. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






30. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






31. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






32. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






33. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






34. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






35. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






36. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






37. BMI of 30 or greater






38. The Origin of Species 1859

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39. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






40. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






41. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






42. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






43. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






44. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






45. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






46. Populations do






47. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






48. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






49. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






50. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck







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