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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






2. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






3. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






4. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






5. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






6. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






7. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






8. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






9. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






10. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






11. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






12. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






13. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






14. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






15. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






16. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






17. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






18. Sum of all alleles






19. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






20. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






21. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






22. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






23. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






24. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






25. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






26. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






27. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






28. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






29. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






30. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






31. Low glucose level in blood






32. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






33. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






34. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






35. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






36. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






37. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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39. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






40. Harmful mutation






41. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






42. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






43. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






44. Low glucose level in blood






45. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






46. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






47. Ability to compete for mates






48. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






49. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






50. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck