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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






2. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






3. Low glucose level in blood






4. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






5. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






6. Total number of individuals in a population






7. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






8. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






9. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






10. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






11. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






12. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






13. Sum of all alleles






14. Native to one location and no where else






15. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






16. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






17. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






18. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






19. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






20. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






21. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






22. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






23. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






24. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






25. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






26. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






27. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






28. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






29. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






30. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






31. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






32. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






33. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






34. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






35. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






36. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






37. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






38. Proportion of genotype in population






39. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






40. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






41. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






42. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






43. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






44. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






45. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






46. One loci






47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






48. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






50. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract