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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Population size
Population density
Geographic Range
Nephron
2. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Heterotherms
Geographic Range
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Positive feedback
3. Humans do this through clothing
Antidiuretic hormone
Honest signal
Thermal insulation
Nitrogenous wastes
4. Proportion of genotype in population
Genotype frequency
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Sexual selection
Macroevolution
5. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Selfing
Phenotype
Conduction
Heterochrony
6. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Interstitial fluid
Homeostasis
Genetic Drift
Energy expenditure
7. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Endotherms
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Deleterious
Nervous tissue
8. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Fever
Radiation
Chief monomers absorbed
Excretory system functions
9. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
3 germ layers
Leptin
Stabilizing Selection
Honest signal
10. Excrete ammonia
Ammonotelic
Alleles
Silent substitution
Habitat
11. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Gene duplication
Microevolution
Heterotopy
Fitness
12. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Positive feedback
Artificial selection
Stabilizing Selection
Vestigial structures
13. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Temperature sensitivity
Heterochrony
Kidney
Calorie
14. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
P53
Insulin
Nucleotide Substitution
Qualitative
15. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Adaptation
Aldosterone
Neutral Theory
Secretion
16. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Artificial directional selection
Stabilizing Selection
Phenotype
Three theories of Darwin
17. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Metanephridia
Aldosterone
Connective tissue
Daily torpor
18. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Convection
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Bowman's capsule
19. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Nitrogenous wastes
Qualitative
Insulin
Ketones
20. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Excretory system functions
Artificial directional selection
Secretion
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
21. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Absorptive phase
P53
Osmolarity
Gene pool
22. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Thermal insulation
Heterochrony
Gene Flow
Calorie
23. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Brown fat
Electrolytes
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Osmoconformers
24. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Individuals do not evolve
Major blood buffer
Missense Substitution
Diploid
25. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Darwin's book
Geographic Range
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Endotherms
26. Low glucose level in blood
Genetic structure
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Hypoglycemia
Hypothalamus
27. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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28. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Genetic Drift
Osmolarity
Honest signal
29. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Radiation
Leptin
Adaptation
Genetic Drift
30. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Genetic Drift
Homeotherms
Population density
Conduction
31. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Heterochrony
Acclimatization
Intracellular fluid
Artificial selection
32. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Osmolarity
Connective tissue
Nitrogenous wastes
Ectotherms
33. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Habitat
Glomerulus
Muller's Ratchet
Population size
34. Ability to compete for mates
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Intrasexual Selection
Psuedogenes
Diploid
35. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Genetic Drift
Macroevolution
Kidney
Osmolarity
36. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Absorptive phase
Genetic Drift
Silent substitution
Vestigial structures
37. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Artificial directional selection
Epithelial tissue
Habitat patches
38. Ability to compete for mates
Absorbed amino acids
Intrasexual Selection
Artificial selection
Geographic Range
39. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Energy expenditure
Ectotherms
Satiation
Dobzhansky Muller Model
40. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
P53
Metabolism
41. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Sexual selection
Heterotopy
Absorbed triglycerides
Heat budget equation
42. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Daily torpor
Metabolism
Molecular Evolution
Quantitative
43. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Bowman's capsule
Population density
Excretory organs
44. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Muscle tissue
Genetic Drift
Nervous tissue
Genotype frequency
45. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Acclimatization
Muscle tissue
46. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Major blood buffer
Metabolism
Malpighian tubules
Ammonotelic
47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Molecular Evolution
Heterozygote populations
Artificial selection
Kidney
48. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Selfing
Metabolic rate
Disruptive selection
49. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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50. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Ketones
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Exon shuffling
Antidiuretic hormone
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