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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






2. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






3. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






4. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






5. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






6. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






7. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






8. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






9. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






10. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






11. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






12. Proportion of genotype in population






13. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






14. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






15. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






16. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






17. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






18. Stable temperatures






19. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






20. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






21. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






22. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






23. What organisms look like and how they behave






24. Ability to compete for mates






25. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






26. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






27. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






28. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






29. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






30. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






31. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






32. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






33. Different form of a gene






34. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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35. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






36. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






37. Fluctuating temperatures






38. Several loci






39. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






40. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






41. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






42. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






43. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






44. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






45. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






46. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






47. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






48. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






49. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






50. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect