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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Lipoprotein lipase
Reabsorption
Genetic Drift
2. Humans do this through clothing
Excretory system functions
Thermal insulation
Calorie
Leptin
3. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Heterochrony
Hemodialysis
Acclimatization
Basal Metabolic Rate
4. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Muscle tissue
Vestigial structures
Absorptive phase
P53
5. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Habitat patches
Directional selection
Molecular Evolution
Artificial selection
6. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Microevolution
Alleles
Excess Glucose
Mutation
7. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Vestigial structures
Glycogenolysis
Convection
8. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Gene duplication
Aldosterone
Disruptive selection
9. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
P53
Endemic
Adaptation
Excretory organs
10. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Gene duplication
Aldosterone
Thermal insulation
Malpighian tubules
11. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Ammonotelic
P53
Metabolism
12. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Interstitial fluid
Obligatory Exchanges
Calorie
Hypothalamus
13. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Stabilizing Selection
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Loop of Henle
Convection
14. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Habitat patches
Vestigial structures
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Excretory organs
15. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Lateral gene transfer
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Bowman's capsule
Gene Flow
16. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Post absorptive stage
Adaptation
Orthologs
Lateral gene transfer
17. Humans do this through clothing
Natural selection
Excess Glucose
Thermal insulation
Three theories of Darwin
18. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Heterozygote populations
Muller's Ratchet
Genetic Drift
Antidiuretic hormone
19. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Nucleotide Substitution
Nephron
Insulin
Directional selection
20. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Metabolism
Exon shuffling
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Non shivering thermogensis
21. Native to one location and no where else
Neutral Theory
Endemic
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Osmoregulators
22. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Leptin
Meiosis
Calorie
Alleles
23. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Size in BMR
Selfing
Osmolarity
Metabolism
24. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Fitness
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Genetic Drift
Gene pool
25. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Electrolytes
Gastrulation
Allele frequency formula
Exon shuffling
26. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Diploid
Glucose Transporters
Disruptive selection
Gene Flow
27. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Reabsorption
Nitrogenous wastes
Lateral gene transfer
Glucose Transporters
28. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Metabolism
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Obligatory Exchanges
Gene Flow
29. Proportion of genotype in population
Antidiuretic hormone
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Genotype frequency
Metabolism
30. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Bowman's capsule
Negative feedback
Macroevolution
Size in BMR
31. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Intracellular fluid
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Diploid
Gastrulation
32. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Size in BMR
Fitness
Ketones
Aldosterone
33. Harmful mutation
Individuals do not evolve
Malpighian tubules
Allele frequency
Deleterious
34. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Brown fat
Stabilizing Selection
Artificial selection
Homeotherms
35. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Founder effect
Reabsorption
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Satiation
36. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Heterochrony
Mutation
Genetic Drift
Calorie
37. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Muscle tissue
Tubule
Three theories of Darwin
Brown fat
38. Sum of all alleles
Tubule
Gene pool
Allele frequency formula
Muller's Ratchet
39. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Muller's Ratchet
Cold fish vs hot fish
Intracellular fluid
Osmoconformers
40. Fluctuating temperatures
Heterotopy
Mutation
Heterotherms
Gene pool
41. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Absorbed triglycerides
Obligatory Exchanges
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Osmolarity
42. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Macroevolution
Hypoglycemia
Three theories of Darwin
Major blood buffer
43. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Muller's Ratchet
Osmoconformers
Osmolarity
Habitat
44. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Endotherms
Sexual selection
Artificial directional selection
Exon shuffling
45. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Temperature sensitivity
Population size
Basal Metabolic Rate
Metabolism
46. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Dehydration
Brown fat
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Fever
47. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Excretory system functions
Lateral gene transfer
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Cold fish vs hot fish
48. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Heterotherms
Basal Metabolic Rate
Radiation
Nucleotide Substitution
49. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Positive feedback
P53
3 germ layers
Neutral Theory
50. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Non shivering thermogensis
Stabilizing Selection
Artificial directional selection
Selfing
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