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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






2. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






3. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






4. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






5. Fluctuating temperatures






6. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






7. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






8. Sum of all alleles






9. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






10. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






11. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






12. Total number of individuals in a population






13. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






14. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






15. Proportion of allele in population






16. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






17. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






18. Populations do






19. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






20. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






21. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






22. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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23. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






25. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






26. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






27. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






28. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






29. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






30. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






31. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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32. What organisms look like and how they behave






33. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






35. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






36. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






37. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






38. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






39. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






40. Native to one location and no where else






41. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






42. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






43. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






44. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






45. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






46. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






47. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






49. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






50. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities