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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






2. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






3. Excrete ammonia






4. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






5. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






6. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






7. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






8. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






9. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






10. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






11. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






12. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






13. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






14. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






15. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






16. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






17. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






18. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






19. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






20. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






21. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






22. BMI of 30 or greater






23. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






24. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






25. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






26. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






27. Allele and genotype frequencies






28. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






29. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






30. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






31. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






32. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






33. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






34. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






36. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






37. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






38. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






39. Sum of all alleles






40. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






41. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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42. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






43. Ability to compete for mates






44. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






45. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






46. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






47. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






48. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






49. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






50. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates