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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






2. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






3. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






4. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






5. Fluctuating temperatures






6. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






7. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






8. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






9. Populations do






10. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






11. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






12. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






13. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






14. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






15. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






16. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






17. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






18. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






20. Harmful mutation






21. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






22. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






23. What organisms look like and how they behave






24. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






25. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






26. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






27. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






28. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






29. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






30. Total number of individuals in a population






31. Low glucose level in blood






32. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






33. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






34. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






35. Stable temperatures






36. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






37. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






38. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






39. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






40. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






41. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






42. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






43. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






44. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






45. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






46. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






47. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






48. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






49. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






50. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface