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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One loci






2. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






3. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






4. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






5. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






6. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






7. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






8. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






9. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






10. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






11. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






12. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






13. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






14. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






15. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






16. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






17. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






18. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






19. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






20. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






21. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






22. Low glucose level in blood






23. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






24. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






25. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






26. Proportion of allele in population






27. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






28. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






29. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






30. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






31. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






32. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






33. Harmful mutation






34. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






35. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






36. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






37. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






38. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






39. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






40. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






41. Ability to compete for mates






42. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






43. Fluctuating temperatures






44. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






45. Several loci






46. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






47. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






48. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






49. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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50. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm