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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






2. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






3. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






4. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






5. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






6. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






7. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






8. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






9. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






10. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






11. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






12. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






13. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






14. Wallace






15. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






16. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






17. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






18. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






19. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






20. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






21. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






22. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






23. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






24. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






25. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






26. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






27. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






28. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






29. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






30. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






31. Proportion of allele in population






32. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






33. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






34. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






35. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






36. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






37. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






38. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






39. BMI of 30 or greater






40. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






41. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






42. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






43. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






44. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






45. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






46. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






48. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






49. Ability to compete for mates






50. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)