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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Nucleotide Substitution
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Heterotherms
Heat budget equation
2. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Nucleotide Substitution
Glycogenolysis
Three theories of Darwin
Selfing
3. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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4. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Vestigial structures
Lipoprotein lipase
Missense Substitution
5. Allele and genotype frequencies
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Osmoregulators
Post absorptive stage
Genetic structure
6. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Glomerulus
Obesity
Metabolism
Insulin
7. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Ketones
Population density
Phenotype
Evaporation
8. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Adaptation
Stabilizing Selection
Non shivering thermogensis
Electrolytes
9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Daily torpor
Allele frequency
Positive feedback
Endotherms
10. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Chief monomers absorbed
Ectotherms
Gene duplication
Evaporation
11. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Adaptation
Feedforward information
Artificial directional selection
Deleterious
12. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Cold fish vs hot fish
Population density
Excretory organs
Calorie
13. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Missense Substitution
Meiosis
Alleles
Cold fish vs hot fish
14. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Ketones
Epithelial tissue
Metanephridia
Bowman's capsule
15. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Deleterious
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glucose Transporters
Heterotherms
16. Excrete ammonia
Ammonotelic
Disruptive selection
Gastrulation
Absorptive phase
17. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Gastrulation
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Geographic Range
Genetic Drift
18. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Absorbed triglycerides
Heat budget equation
Artificial selection
19. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Fever
Conduction
Aldosterone
20. BMI of 30 or greater
Darwin's book
Tubule
Conduction
Obesity
21. What organisms look like and how they behave
Endotherms
Habitat patches
Phenotype
Lower critical temperature
22. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Endotherms
Evolutionary trend
Vasa recta
Positive feedback
23. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Conduction
Muscle tissue
Size in BMR
Lateral gene transfer
24. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Habitat
Lateral gene transfer
Size in BMR
Excretory organs
25. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Kidney
Alleles
P53
Metabolic rate
26. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Habitat
Excretory system functions
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Gene pool
27. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Excretory system functions
Hypothalamus
Ammonotelic
Allele frequency
28. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Three theories of Darwin
3 germ layers
Positive feedback
Calorie
29. Stable temperatures
Osmoconformers
Heterozygote populations
Acclimatization
Homeotherms
30. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Secretion
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Allele frequency
Radiation
31. Low glucose level in blood
Hypoglycemia
MR equation
Gene duplication
Directional selection
32. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Habitat
Chief monomers absorbed
Intracellular fluid
Meiosis
33. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Fever
Muscle tissue
Vasa recta
Basal Metabolic Rate
34. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Kidney
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Size in BMR
Heterotherms
35. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Sexual selection
Individuals do not evolve
Mutation
Other guy who came up with natural selection
36. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Nervous tissue
Satiation
Molecular Evolution
Habitat patches
37. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Population
Vasa recta
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Bowman's capsule
38. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Non shivering thermogensis
Acclimatization
Major blood buffer
Chief monomers absorbed
39. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Evolutionary trend
Excess Glucose
Nephron
Conduction
40. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Cold fish vs hot fish
Hemodialysis
Negative feedback
Adaptation
41. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Glycogenolysis
Post absorptive stage
Non shivering thermogensis
Selfing
42. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Disruptive selection
Daily torpor
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Artificial directional selection
43. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Lower critical temperature
Satiation
Nitrogenous wastes
Founder effect
44. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Endotherms
Osmolarity
Lower critical temperature
Absorbed amino acids
45. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Kidney
Individuals do not evolve
Convection
Daily torpor
46. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Silent substitution
Excess Glucose
Convection
Calorie
47. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Secretion
Calorie
Evaporation
Selfing
48. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Kidney
Gene pool
Absorbed amino acids
Neutral Theory
49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Habitat patches
Post absorptive stage
Absorbed amino acids
Intracellular fluid
50. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Nervous tissue
Excretory system functions
Daily torpor