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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Lower critical temperature
Acclimatization
Psuedogenes
Glycogenolysis
2. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Disruptive selection
Nervous tissue
Gastrulation
Molecular Evolution
3. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Population size
Acclimatization
Cold fish vs hot fish
Gastrulation
4. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Bowman's capsule
Kidney
Evolutionary trend
Gluconeogenesis
5. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Conduction
Calorie
Glomerular Filtration Rate
6. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Chief monomers absorbed
Evaporation
Heterotherms
7. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Psuedogenes
Metabolism
Absorbed triglycerides
Daily torpor
8. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Genetic Drift
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Osmoregulators
Thermal insulation
9. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Natural selection
Geographic Range
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Microevolution
10. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
3 germ layers
Homeostasis
Diploid
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
11. Excrete ammonia
Alleles
Missense Substitution
Lipoprotein lipase
Ammonotelic
12. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Qualitative
Radiation
Hypoglycemia
Antidiuretic hormone
13. Several loci
Hemodialysis
Kidney
Quantitative
Non shivering thermogensis
14. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Reabsorption
Nucleotide Substitution
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Vasa recta
15. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Size in BMR
Habitat
Microevolution
Allele frequency formula
16. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Muscle tissue
Absorbed amino acids
Ammonotelic
Post absorptive stage
17. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Metabolism
Artificial selection
Excess Glucose
Hypothalamus
18. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Exon shuffling
Hypoglycemia
Connective tissue
Other guy who came up with natural selection
19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities
Electrolytes
Disruptive selection
Psuedogenes
Non shivering thermogensis
20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Connective tissue
Muller's Ratchet
Disruptive selection
Three theories of Darwin
21. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Hypoglycemia
Gastrulation
Adaptation
Metabolic rate
22. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Diploid
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Macroevolution
Intracellular fluid
23. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Vasa recta
Allele frequency
Tubule
Ketones
24. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Gene Flow
Endemic
Intracellular fluid
Daily torpor
25. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Heterozygote populations
Glomerulus
Energy expenditure
Endotherms
26. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Excretory organs
Chief monomers absorbed
Lipoprotein lipase
Obligatory Exchanges
27. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Hemodialysis
Osmolarity
Major blood buffer
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
28. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Gene Flow
Interstitial fluid
Molecular Evolution
Habitat
29. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Aldosterone
Bowman's capsule
Missense Substitution
Muscle tissue
30. Several loci
Intracellular fluid
Positive feedback
Quantitative
Heterotherms
31. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Epithelial tissue
Population density
Diploid
Negative feedback
32. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Orthologs
Mutation
Negative feedback
Radiation
33. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Lower critical temperature
Positive feedback
Tubule
34. Populations do
Heterotopy
Darwin's book
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Individuals do not evolve
35. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Fitness
Aldosterone
Habitat patches
Genotype frequency
36. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Leptin
Founder effect
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Phenotype
37. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Excess Glucose
Intracellular fluid
Conduction
Silent substitution
38. Proportion of genotype in population
Psuedogenes
Gene duplication
Genotype frequency
Osmolarity
39. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Heterozygote populations
Malpighian tubules
Epithelial tissue
Homeostasis
40. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Psuedogenes
Genetic Drift
Homeotherms
Alleles
41. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Stabilizing Selection
Homeostasis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Genetic Drift
42. Native to one location and no where else
Intracellular fluid
Hemodialysis
Endemic
Disruptive selection
43. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Directional selection
Temperature sensitivity
Individuals do not evolve
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
44. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Genetic Drift
Excretory organs
Silent substitution
Evolutionary trend
45. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Sexual selection
Genetic structure
Stabilizing Selection
Calorie
46. Excrete ammonia
Diploid
Ammonotelic
Disruptive selection
Artificial directional selection
47. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Dehydration
Evolutionary trend
Habitat
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
48. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Nitrogenous wastes
Habitat patches
Heterochrony
Endotherms
49. BMI of 30 or greater
Lipoprotein lipase
Epithelial tissue
Neutral Theory
Obesity
50. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Leptin
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Intracellular fluid