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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






2. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






3. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






4. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






5. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






6. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






7. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






8. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






9. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






10. One loci






11. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






12. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






13. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






14. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






15. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






16. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






17. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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18. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






19. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






20. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






21. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






22. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






23. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






24. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






25. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






26. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






27. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






28. Stable temperatures






29. Excrete ammonia






30. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






31. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






32. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






33. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






34. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






35. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






36. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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37. Ability to compete for mates






38. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






39. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






40. The Origin of Species 1859

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41. Native to one location and no where else






42. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






43. Low glucose level in blood






44. Humans do this through clothing






45. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






46. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






47. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






48. Total number of individuals in a population






49. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






50. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life