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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Osmoregulators
Quantitative
Founder effect
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
2. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Alleles
Geographic Range
Three theories of Darwin
Radiation
3. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Obesity
Heterotopy
Cold fish vs hot fish
MR equation
4. Populations do
Feedforward information
Individuals do not evolve
Disruptive selection
Fitness
5. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Obesity
Three theories of Darwin
Ammonotelic
Excretory system functions
6. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
3 germ layers
Exon shuffling
Conduction
Gastrulation
7. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Hypothalamus
Secretion
Energy expenditure
Heterochrony
8. Sum of all alleles
Glomerulus
Directional selection
Gene pool
Hemodialysis
9. Fluctuating temperatures
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Population density
Heterotopy
Heterotherms
10. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Nervous tissue
Gastrulation
Leptin
Adaptation
11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Major blood buffer
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Absorbed triglycerides
Brown fat
12. Low glucose level in blood
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Gene Flow
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Hypoglycemia
13. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Excess Glucose
Silent substitution
Natural selection
Genotype frequency
14. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Gene duplication
Negative feedback
Absorptive phase
Neutral Theory
15. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Epithelial tissue
Stabilizing Selection
Excretory organs
Metabolism
16. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Directional selection
Epithelial tissue
P53
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
17. Stable temperatures
Heat budget equation
Daily torpor
Homeotherms
Absorptive phase
18. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Metanephridia
Obligatory Exchanges
Daily torpor
Darwin's book
19. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Metanephridia
Kidney
Fever
Endotherms
20. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Missense Substitution
Loop of Henle
Evolutionary trend
Microevolution
21. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Disruptive selection
Interstitial fluid
Dehydration
22. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
P53
Radiation
Glomerular Filtration Rate
23. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Geographic Range
Post absorptive stage
Brown fat
Exon shuffling
24. Native to one location and no where else
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Endemic
Homeostasis
Population density
25. Populations do
Homeostasis
Silent substitution
Absorbed amino acids
Individuals do not evolve
26. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Negative feedback
Quantitative
Lateral gene transfer
Natural selection
27. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Darwin's book
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Sexual selection
Hemodialysis
28. Proportion of genotype in population
MR equation
Genotype frequency
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Temperature sensitivity
29. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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30. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Directional selection
Glomerulus
Daily torpor
Allele frequency
31. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Acclimatization
Hemodialysis
Homeotherms
Metabolism
32. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Positive feedback
Energy expenditure
Microevolution
Meiosis
33. BMI of 30 or greater
Population size
Molecular Evolution
Obesity
Epithelial tissue
34. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
3 germ layers
Negative feedback
Natural selection
Population
35. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Osmolarity
Post absorptive stage
Basal Metabolic Rate
Genetic Drift
36. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
Microevolution
Secretion
Gene duplication
Dobzhansky Muller Model
37. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Nervous tissue
Molecular Evolution
Lower critical temperature
Muscle tissue
38. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Habitat
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Orthologs
Founder effect
39. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Evaporation
Lower critical temperature
Genetic structure
Energy expenditure
40. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Gene pool
Phenotype
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Heterochrony
41. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Honest signal
Nitrogenous wastes
Excess Glucose
Fever
42. Excrete ammonia
Diploid
Qualitative
Three theories of Darwin
Ammonotelic
43. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Bowman's capsule
Leptin
Microevolution
44. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Macroevolution
Founder effect
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Convection
45. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Gene Flow
Ketones
Geographic Range
Muller's Ratchet
46. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Qualitative
Allele frequency formula
Gene Flow
47. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Fever
Nitrogenous wastes
Glucose Transporters
Antidiuretic hormone
48. Low glucose level in blood
Missense Substitution
Hypoglycemia
Ketones
Lateral gene transfer
49. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Interstitial fluid
Hemodialysis
Nucleotide Substitution
Gene duplication
50. Harmful mutation
Absorbed triglycerides
Genome size
Deleterious
Convection