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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






2. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






3. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






4. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






5. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






6. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






7. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






8. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






9. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






10. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






11. Harmful mutation






12. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






13. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






14. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






15. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






16. Sum of all alleles






17. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






18. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






19. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






20. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






21. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






22. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






23. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






24. Excrete ammonia






25. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






26. One loci






27. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






28. The Origin of Species 1859

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29. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






30. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






31. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






32. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






33. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






34. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






35. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






36. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






37. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






38. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






39. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






40. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






41. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






42. Excrete ammonia






43. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






44. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






45. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






46. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






47. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






48. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






49. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






50. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine