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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harmful mutation






2. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






3. Ability to compete for mates






4. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






5. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






6. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






7. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






8. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






9. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






10. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






11. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






12. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






13. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






14. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






15. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






16. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






17. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






18. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






19. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






20. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






21. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






23. Excrete ammonia






24. BMI of 30 or greater






25. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






26. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






27. One loci






28. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






29. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






30. Sum of all alleles






31. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






32. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






33. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






34. Total number of individuals in a population






35. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






36. Proportion of allele in population






37. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






38. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






39. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






40. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






41. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






42. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






43. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






44. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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45. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






46. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






47. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






48. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






49. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






50. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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