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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportion of genotype in population






2. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






3. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






4. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






5. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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6. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






7. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






8. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






9. BMI of 30 or greater






10. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






11. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






12. The Origin of Species 1859

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13. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






14. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






15. Total number of individuals in a population






16. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






17. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






18. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






19. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






20. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






21. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






22. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






23. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






24. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






25. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






26. Low glucose level in blood






27. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






28. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






29. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






30. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






31. Humans do this through clothing






32. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






33. Different form of a gene






34. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






35. Populations do






36. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






37. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






38. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






39. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






40. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






41. Total number of individuals in a population






42. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






43. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






44. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






45. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






46. BMI of 30 or greater






47. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






49. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






50. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)