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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






2. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






3. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






4. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






5. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






6. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






7. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






8. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






9. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






10. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






11. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






12. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






13. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






14. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






15. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






16. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






17. Populations do






18. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






19. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






20. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






21. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






22. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






23. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






24. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






25. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






26. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






27. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






28. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






29. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






30. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






31. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






32. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






33. BMI of 30 or greater






34. Harmful mutation






35. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






36. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






37. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






38. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






39. One loci






40. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






41. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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42. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






43. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






44. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






45. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






46. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






47. Ability to compete for mates






48. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






49. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






50. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)