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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






2. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






3. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






4. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






5. One loci






6. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






7. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






8. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






9. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






10. Ability to compete for mates






11. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






12. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






13. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






14. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






15. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






16. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






17. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






18. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






19. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






20. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






21. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






22. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






23. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






24. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






25. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






26. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






27. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






28. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






29. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






30. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






31. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






32. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






33. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






34. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






35. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






36. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






37. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






38. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






39. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






40. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






41. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






42. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






43. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






44. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






45. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






46. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






47. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






48. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






49. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






50. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells