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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Metabolic rate
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Nitrogenous wastes
Silent substitution
2. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Acclimatization
Energy expenditure
Alleles
3. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Metabolic rate
Metabolism
Intrasexual Selection
Kidney
4. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Genetic Drift
P53
Absorbed amino acids
Aldosterone
5. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Connective tissue
Lower critical temperature
Gluconeogenesis
Population density
6. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Vasa recta
Insulin
Secretion
Gluconeogenesis
7. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Metabolism
Secretion
Microevolution
Tubule
8. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Excess Glucose
Cold fish vs hot fish
Three theories of Darwin
Feedforward information
9. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Diploid
Cold fish vs hot fish
Energy expenditure
Artificial selection
10. Harmful mutation
Antidiuretic hormone
Deleterious
Genotype frequency
Intrasexual Selection
11. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Artificial selection
Vasa recta
Metabolic rate
Absorptive phase
12. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Exon shuffling
Temperature sensitivity
Bowman's capsule
13. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Daily torpor
Glucose Transporters
Metabolism
Gene duplication
14. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Habitat patches
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Macroevolution
Gene duplication
15. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Fever
Artificial selection
Tubule
Kidney
16. Total number of individuals in a population
Absorbed amino acids
Population size
Genome size
Reabsorption
17. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Gene duplication
Satiation
Honest signal
Nephron
18. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Nitrogenous wastes
Directional selection
Diploid
Conduction
19. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Feedforward information
Dehydration
Brown fat
Genetic Drift
20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Disruptive selection
Intracellular fluid
Epithelial tissue
Molecular Evolution
21. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Endemic
Nephron
Diploid
22. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Malpighian tubules
Acclimatization
Lipoprotein lipase
23. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Intrasexual Selection
Kidney
Darwin's book
Aldosterone
24. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Heterochrony
Selfing
Glycogenolysis
Genetic Drift
25. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Bowman's capsule
Basal Metabolic Rate
Interstitial fluid
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
26. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Natural selection
Genetic Drift
Calorie
Population size
27. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Excess Glucose
Orthologs
Secretion
Muller's Ratchet
28. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Hypoglycemia
Geographic Range
Neutral Theory
Adaptation
29. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Obligatory Exchanges
Satiation
Kidney
Convection
30. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Population size
Aldosterone
Connective tissue
3 disadvantages of endotherms
31. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Meiosis
Ectotherms
Basal Metabolic Rate
Heterozygote populations
32. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Gastrulation
Fever
Psuedogenes
Artificial directional selection
33. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Basal Metabolic Rate
Negative feedback
Gluconeogenesis
Calorie
34. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Absorptive phase
Ketones
Size in BMR
Honest signal
35. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Metabolism
Major blood buffer
Absorbed amino acids
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
36. Wallace
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Geographic Range
Muller's Ratchet
Other guy who came up with natural selection
37. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Glycogenolysis
Chief monomers absorbed
Metabolism
Metanephridia
38. Humans do this through clothing
Convection
Thermal insulation
Heterotopy
Alleles
39. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Obesity
Gene duplication
Osmolarity
Gene duplication
40. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Missense Substitution
Macroevolution
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Endemic
41. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Size in BMR
Aldosterone
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Secretion
42. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Non shivering thermogensis
Missense Substitution
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Deleterious
43. Stable temperatures
Glomerulus
Homeotherms
Acclimatization
Chief monomers absorbed
44. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Brown fat
Endotherms
Feedforward information
Size in BMR
45. Native to one location and no where else
Endemic
Directional selection
Osmolarity
Neutral Theory
46. One loci
Habitat patches
Vestigial structures
Qualitative
Epithelial tissue
47. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Radiation
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Daily torpor
Diploid
48. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Lower critical temperature
Genetic structure
Secretion
Fever
49. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Non shivering thermogensis
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Orthologs
Silent substitution
50. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Vasa recta
Homeostasis
Three theories of Darwin
Calorie