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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






2. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






3. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






4. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






5. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






6. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






7. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






8. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






9. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






10. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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11. Proportion of genotype in population






12. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






13. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






14. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






15. Native to one location and no where else






16. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






17. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






18. Wallace






19. Native to one location and no where else






20. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






21. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






22. Excrete ammonia






23. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






24. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






25. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






26. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






27. Stable temperatures






28. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






29. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






30. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






31. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






32. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






33. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






34. Several loci






35. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






36. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






37. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






38. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






39. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






40. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






41. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






42. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






43. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






44. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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45. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






46. Proportion of allele in population






47. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






48. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






49. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






50. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper