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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






2. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






3. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






4. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






5. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






6. The Origin of Species 1859

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7. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






8. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






9. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






10. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






11. Several loci






12. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






13. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






14. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






15. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






16. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






17. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






18. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






19. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






20. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






21. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






22. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






23. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






24. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






25. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






26. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






27. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






28. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






29. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






30. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






31. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






32. Native to one location and no where else






33. Allele and genotype frequencies






34. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






35. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






36. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






37. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






38. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






39. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






40. Total number of individuals in a population






41. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






42. Wallace






43. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






44. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






45. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






46. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






47. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






48. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






49. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






50. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)