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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Calorie
Artificial selection
Glycogenolysis
Directional selection
2. Humans do this through clothing
Thermal insulation
Vasa recta
Microevolution
Endotherms
3. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Individuals do not evolve
Dehydration
Glomerulus
Post absorptive stage
4. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Adaptation
Gluconeogenesis
Nitrogenous wastes
Metabolism
5. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Reabsorption
Size in BMR
Acclimatization
Osmoconformers
6. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Secretion
Insulin
Positive feedback
Glomerulus
7. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Selfing
Lower critical temperature
Calorie
Loop of Henle
8. Native to one location and no where else
Natural selection
Endemic
Evolutionary trend
Genotype frequency
9. Harmful mutation
Deleterious
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Ectotherms
Absorbed triglycerides
10. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Size in BMR
Individuals do not evolve
Vasa recta
Convection
11. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Bowman's capsule
Muscle tissue
Conduction
Osmoconformers
12. Sum of all alleles
Geographic Range
Gene pool
Microevolution
Dobzhansky Muller Model
13. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Obligatory Exchanges
Ketones
Quantitative
Basal Metabolic Rate
14. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Nervous tissue
Intrasexual Selection
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Phenotype
15. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Metanephridia
Connective tissue
Stabilizing Selection
Gene Flow
16. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Founder effect
Selfing
Nitrogenous wastes
Honest signal
17. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Homeostasis
Nucleotide Substitution
Missense Substitution
Three theories of Darwin
18. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Macroevolution
Nitrogenous wastes
Missense Substitution
Osmolarity
19. Low glucose level in blood
Interstitial fluid
Feedforward information
Hypoglycemia
Exon shuffling
20. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Metabolism
Malpighian tubules
Absorbed triglycerides
Glomerular Filtration Rate
21. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Reabsorption
Disruptive selection
Leptin
Heat budget equation
22. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Excretory system functions
Malpighian tubules
Allele frequency
Lipoprotein lipase
23. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Lateral gene transfer
Lipoprotein lipase
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
24. One loci
Orthologs
Qualitative
Convection
Glycogenolysis
25. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Temperature sensitivity
Hypothalamus
Honest signal
Aldosterone
26. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Gene duplication
Founder effect
Brown fat
Excretory organs
27. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Macroevolution
Metabolism
Directional selection
Endemic
28. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Metabolism
Three theories of Darwin
Directional selection
Daily torpor
29. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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30. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Habitat
Missense Substitution
Habitat patches
Glomerular Filtration Rate
31. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Fever
Gastrulation
Disruptive selection
Three theories of Darwin
32. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Nephron
Temperature sensitivity
Intracellular fluid
Macroevolution
33. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Selfing
Geographic Range
Heterotherms
MR equation
34. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Excretory system functions
Electrolytes
Non shivering thermogensis
Hypothalamus
35. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Heterochrony
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
36. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Hypothalamus
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Microevolution
37. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Fitness
Temperature sensitivity
Habitat
Evolutionary trend
38. Low glucose level in blood
Hypoglycemia
Interstitial fluid
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Habitat patches
39. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
3 germ layers
Non shivering thermogensis
Lateral gene transfer
Absorbed triglycerides
40. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Osmolarity
3 germ layers
Mutation
Meiosis
41. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Temperature sensitivity
Epithelial tissue
Lower critical temperature
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
42. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Genetic Drift
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Deleterious
Population
43. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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44. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Fitness
Electrolytes
Vestigial structures
Non shivering thermogensis
45. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Satiation
Obesity
Vestigial structures
Lateral gene transfer
46. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Heat budget equation
Vasa recta
Intracellular fluid
Fever
47. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Heterozygote populations
Evolutionary trend
Fitness
Osmoregulators
48. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Negative feedback
Heat budget equation
Population
P53
49. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Disruptive selection
Hemodialysis
Heterochrony
Absorbed amino acids
50. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Metanephridia
Honest signal
Temperature sensitivity
Psuedogenes