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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low glucose level in blood
Hypoglycemia
Endotherms
Convection
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
2. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Loop of Henle
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Mutation
Lateral gene transfer
3. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Individuals do not evolve
Neutral Theory
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Calorie
4. What organisms look like and how they behave
Insulin
Population
Phenotype
Fever
5. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Dehydration
Allele frequency formula
Heterozygote populations
Radiation
6. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Three theories of Darwin
Lower critical temperature
Cold fish vs hot fish
Metabolic rate
7. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Homeostasis
Silent substitution
Ectotherms
Ammonotelic
8. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Mutation
Cold fish vs hot fish
Homeotherms
Individuals do not evolve
9. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Silent substitution
Negative feedback
P53
Satiation
10. Proportion of genotype in population
Genotype frequency
Selfing
Absorbed triglycerides
Kidney
11. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Deleterious
Osmolarity
Excess Glucose
Secretion
12. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Silent substitution
Phenotype
Basal Metabolic Rate
13. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Loop of Henle
Natural selection
Meiosis
Gene pool
14. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Evolutionary trend
Satiation
Fever
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
15. BMI of 30 or greater
Gene pool
Obesity
Exon shuffling
Cold fish vs hot fish
16. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Osmoconformers
Absorptive phase
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Macroevolution
17. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Individuals do not evolve
Cold fish vs hot fish
Heterotherms
18. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Obligatory Exchanges
Stabilizing Selection
Genotype frequency
19. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Radiation
Habitat patches
Dobzhansky Muller Model
20. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Three theories of Darwin
Neutral Theory
Loop of Henle
Population size
21. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Feedforward information
Diploid
Loop of Henle
Obligatory Exchanges
22. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Positive feedback
Thermal insulation
Population size
Missense Substitution
23. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Glycogenolysis
Natural selection
Ectotherms
Exon shuffling
24. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Microevolution
Macroevolution
Heterozygote populations
Nucleotide Substitution
25. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Secretion
Major blood buffer
Excretory organs
Stabilizing Selection
26. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Lateral gene transfer
Acclimatization
Absorbed triglycerides
Cold fish vs hot fish
27. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Negative feedback
Radiation
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Energy expenditure
28. Native to one location and no where else
Thermal insulation
Endemic
Mutation
Size in BMR
29. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Temperature sensitivity
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Glycogenolysis
Major blood buffer
30. Several loci
Phenotype
Size in BMR
Quantitative
Ectotherms
31. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Microevolution
Adaptation
Size in BMR
Insulin
32. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Ammonotelic
Evolutionary trend
Genetic Drift
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
33. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Nervous tissue
Glycogenolysis
Orthologs
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
34. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Microevolution
Acclimatization
Major blood buffer
Cold fish vs hot fish
35. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
MR equation
Chief monomers absorbed
Diploid
Fitness
36. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Brown fat
Population
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Directional selection
37. Native to one location and no where else
Three theories of Darwin
Endemic
Stabilizing Selection
Thermal insulation
38. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Metanephridia
Gene Flow
Sexual selection
Osmoregulators
39. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Vasa recta
Osmolarity
Founder effect
Endotherms
40. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Diploid
Temperature sensitivity
Absorptive phase
Nervous tissue
41. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Major blood buffer
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Artificial directional selection
Exon shuffling
42. Proportion of allele in population
Population size
Allele frequency
Lateral gene transfer
Founder effect
43. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat
Convection
Insulin
Energy expenditure
Reabsorption
44. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Genome size
Gluconeogenesis
Conduction
Intrasexual Selection
45. Ability to compete for mates
Intrasexual Selection
Silent substitution
Muscle tissue
Electrolytes
46. Humans do this through clothing
Individuals do not evolve
Adaptation
Thermal insulation
Heat budget equation
47. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Meiosis
Radiation
Osmoconformers
Feedforward information
48. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Quantitative
Darwin's book
Evaporation
Conduction
49. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Population size
Orthologs
Interstitial fluid
Sexual selection
50. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Allele frequency formula
Negative feedback
Interstitial fluid
Hypothalamus
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