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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






2. Different form of a gene






3. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






4. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






5. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






6. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






7. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






8. Native to one location and no where else






9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






10. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






11. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






12. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






13. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






14. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






15. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






16. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






17. Humans do this through clothing






18. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






19. Different form of a gene






20. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






21. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






22. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






23. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






24. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






25. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






26. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






27. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






28. Sum of all alleles






29. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






30. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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31. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






32. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






33. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






34. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






35. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






36. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






37. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






38. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






40. Wallace






41. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






42. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






43. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






44. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






45. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






46. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






47. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






48. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






49. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






50. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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