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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






2. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






3. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






4. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






5. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






6. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






7. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






8. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






9. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






10. Native to one location and no where else






11. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






12. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






13. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






14. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






15. Different form of a gene






16. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






17. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






18. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






19. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






20. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






21. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






22. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






23. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






24. One loci






25. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






26. Fluctuating temperatures






27. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






28. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






29. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






30. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






31. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






32. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






33. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






34. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






35. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






36. Native to one location and no where else






37. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






38. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






39. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






40. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






41. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






42. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






43. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






44. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






45. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






46. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






47. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






48. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






49. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






50. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates