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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Population
Tubule
Lower critical temperature
Habitat patches
2. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Geographic Range
Three theories of Darwin
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Malpighian tubules
3. The Origin of Species 1859
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4. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Gastrulation
Absorptive phase
Absorbed amino acids
Habitat
5. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Microevolution
Epithelial tissue
Malpighian tubules
Gene pool
6. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Lipoprotein lipase
Ectotherms
7. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Daily torpor
Hemodialysis
MR equation
8. Sum of all alleles
Gene pool
Directional selection
Antidiuretic hormone
Adaptation
9. Proportion of allele in population
Muscle tissue
Satiation
Genetic structure
Allele frequency
10. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Directional selection
Excretory system functions
Selfing
Gene Flow
11. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Population size
Artificial selection
Silent substitution
Selfing
12. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Fitness
Diploid
Kidney
Intracellular fluid
13. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Post absorptive stage
Leptin
Connective tissue
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
14. Populations do
Genotype frequency
3 germ layers
Individuals do not evolve
Major blood buffer
15. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Lipoprotein lipase
Hypothalamus
Silent substitution
Heterochrony
16. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Allele frequency formula
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Vasa recta
Glomerulus
17. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Radiation
Disruptive selection
Fever
Gastrulation
18. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vestigial structures
Obesity
Phenotype
Fever
19. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Phenotype
Feedforward information
Gluconeogenesis
Intrasexual Selection
20. Native to one location and no where else
Glucose Transporters
Endemic
Radiation
Gluconeogenesis
21. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Population density
Vestigial structures
Honest signal
Sexual selection
22. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Meiosis
Convection
Hypoglycemia
Antidiuretic hormone
23. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Molecular Evolution
Orthologs
Malpighian tubules
Obligatory Exchanges
24. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Psuedogenes
Satiation
Fever
25. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Lipoprotein lipase
Vasa recta
Ketones
Leptin
26. One loci
Selfing
Intracellular fluid
Qualitative
Gastrulation
27. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Kidney
Gene duplication
Fever
28. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Phenotype
Metabolism
Population density
29. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Thermal insulation
Thermal insulation
Stabilizing Selection
Meiosis
30. What organisms look like and how they behave
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Phenotype
Post absorptive stage
Brown fat
31. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Lipoprotein lipase
Connective tissue
Dehydration
Nervous tissue
32. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Secretion
Absorptive phase
Darwin's book
Exon shuffling
33. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
3 germ layers
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Allele frequency formula
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
34. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Nervous tissue
Conduction
Missense Substitution
Darwin's book
35. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Artificial directional selection
Epithelial tissue
Major blood buffer
Absorptive phase
36. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Habitat patches
Satiation
Stabilizing Selection
Mutation
37. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Selfing
Aldosterone
Obligatory Exchanges
Osmoregulators
38. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Convection
Post absorptive stage
Gene Flow
Dobzhansky Muller Model
39. One loci
Obligatory Exchanges
Qualitative
Nephron
Basal Metabolic Rate
40. Stable temperatures
P53
Individuals do not evolve
Exon shuffling
Homeotherms
41. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Gastrulation
Heterotopy
Silent substitution
Population density
42. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Excretory organs
Chief monomers absorbed
Osmoregulators
Metabolism
43. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Excretory organs
Habitat
Metabolism
Qualitative
44. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Fitness
Neutral Theory
Kidney
Gene Flow
45. Copies of genes that are no longer functional
Psuedogenes
Intrasexual Selection
Adaptation
Individuals do not evolve
46. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Thermal insulation
Ketones
Post absorptive stage
Positive feedback
47. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Reabsorption
Heterotherms
Dehydration
Mutation
48. BMI of 30 or greater
Lateral gene transfer
Phenotype
Nucleotide Substitution
Obesity
49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Fever
Hypothalamus
Artificial directional selection
Absorbed amino acids
50. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Thermal insulation
P53
Heterotopy
Glucose Transporters
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