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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






2. Sum of all alleles






3. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






4. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






5. Excrete ammonia






6. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






7. What organisms look like and how they behave






8. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






9. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






10. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






11. Harmful mutation






12. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






13. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






15. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






16. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






17. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






18. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






19. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






20. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






21. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






22. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






23. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






24. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






25. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






26. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






27. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






28. Different form of a gene






29. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






30. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






31. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






32. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






33. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






34. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






35. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






36. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






37. Allele and genotype frequencies






38. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






39. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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40. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






41. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






42. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






43. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






44. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






45. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






46. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






47. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






48. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






49. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






50. Harmful mutation