Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






2. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






3. Ability to compete for mates






4. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






5. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






6. Total number of individuals in a population






7. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






8. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






9. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






10. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






11. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






12. Wallace






13. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






14. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






15. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






16. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






17. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






18. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






19. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






20. Humans do this through clothing






21. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






22. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






23. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






24. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






25. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






26. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






27. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






28. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






29. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






30. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






31. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






32. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






33. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






34. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






35. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






36. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






37. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






38. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






39. Proportion of genotype in population






40. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






41. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






42. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






43. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






44. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






45. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






46. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






47. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






49. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






50. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat