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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One loci






2. Fluctuating temperatures






3. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






4. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






5. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






6. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






7. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






8. What organisms look like and how they behave






9. Different form of a gene






10. Total number of individuals in a population






11. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






12. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






13. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






14. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






15. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






16. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






17. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






18. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






19. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






20. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






21. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






22. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






23. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






24. Low glucose level in blood






25. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






26. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






27. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






28. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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29. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






30. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






31. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






32. Native to one location and no where else






33. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






34. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






35. The Origin of Species 1859

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36. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






37. Proportion of genotype in population






38. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






39. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






40. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






41. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






42. What organisms look like and how they behave






43. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






44. Excrete ammonia






45. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






46. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






47. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






48. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






49. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






50. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life