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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Tubule
Epithelial tissue
Absorptive phase
Major blood buffer
2. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Excretory system functions
Homeostasis
Three theories of Darwin
Feedforward information
3. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease
Honest signal
Exon shuffling
Selfing
Population size
4. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Osmoconformers
Malpighian tubules
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Ketones
5. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Gluconeogenesis
Lower critical temperature
Glomerular Filtration Rate
6. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Cold fish vs hot fish
Nucleotide Substitution
Vasa recta
Dobzhansky Muller Model
7. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Aldosterone
Absorptive phase
Daily torpor
Genetic Drift
8. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Brown fat
Post absorptive stage
Molecular Evolution
Mutation
9. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Temperature sensitivity
Quantitative
Hypothalamus
Stabilizing Selection
10. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Orthologs
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Hypothalamus
Absorbed amino acids
11. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Gene Flow
Muscle tissue
Habitat
Excretory organs
12. Proportion of allele in population
Nervous tissue
Honest signal
Intracellular fluid
Allele frequency
13. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Glycogenolysis
Brown fat
Sexual selection
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
14. One loci
Honest signal
Alleles
Qualitative
Radiation
15. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Metabolic rate
Daily torpor
Osmoconformers
Psuedogenes
16. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Neutral Theory
Reabsorption
Convection
Fitness
17. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Obligatory Exchanges
Heat budget equation
Glomerulus
Excretory system functions
18. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Malpighian tubules
Meiosis
Reabsorption
Nephron
19. The Origin of Species 1859
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20. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Satiation
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Absorbed triglycerides
Excess Glucose
21. Sum of all alleles
Reabsorption
Heterozygote populations
Gene pool
Glycogenolysis
22. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Muscle tissue
Fever
Population density
23. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Allele frequency formula
Secretion
Selfing
24. The Origin of Species 1859
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25. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Fever
Hypothalamus
Nitrogenous wastes
Glycogenolysis
26. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Genetic Drift
Metabolism
Heterochrony
Alleles
27. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Endotherms
Natural selection
Heterochrony
Feedforward information
28. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Adaptation
Genetic structure
Chief monomers absorbed
Heterozygote populations
29. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Chief monomers absorbed
Heterochrony
3 disadvantages of endotherms
30. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Radiation
Fitness
Nitrogenous wastes
Allele frequency formula
31. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Macroevolution
Geographic Range
Metabolic rate
Population density
32. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Founder effect
Gene pool
Gluconeogenesis
Metanephridia
33. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Evolutionary trend
Phenotype
Kidney
Temperature sensitivity
34. Ability to compete for mates
Aldosterone
Feedforward information
Endotherms
Intrasexual Selection
35. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Temperature sensitivity
Non shivering thermogensis
Feedforward information
Reabsorption
36. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Homeotherms
Muller's Ratchet
Intracellular fluid
Cold fish vs hot fish
37. Different form of a gene
Glomerulus
Qualitative
Alleles
Phenotype
38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Heat budget equation
Absorptive phase
Genetic structure
Radiation
39. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Genetic structure
Disruptive selection
Darwin's book
Habitat
40. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Microevolution
Homeostasis
Excretory system functions
Metabolic rate
41. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Cold fish vs hot fish
Glucose Transporters
42. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Endotherms
Excess Glucose
Thermal insulation
Genotype frequency
43. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Absorptive phase
Alleles
Gene duplication
Feedforward information
44. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Excretory system functions
Evolutionary trend
Hemodialysis
Secretion
45. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Heterozygote populations
Glucose Transporters
Malpighian tubules
Major blood buffer
46. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Genome size
Gene pool
Genetic structure
P53
47. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Artificial directional selection
Heterotopy
Hypothalamus
Glomerular Filtration Rate
48. Stable temperatures
Insulin
Excess Glucose
Allele frequency
Homeotherms
49. Harmful mutation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Deleterious
Calorie
Conduction
50. What organisms look like and how they behave
Phenotype
Glomerulus
Gene Flow
Lateral gene transfer
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