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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportion of genotype in population
Allele frequency formula
Major blood buffer
Temperature sensitivity
Genotype frequency
2. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Glucose Transporters
Excretory organs
Genome size
Temperature sensitivity
3. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Thermal insulation
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Interstitial fluid
4. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Nucleotide Substitution
Brown fat
Population
P53
5. Different form of a gene
Nitrogenous wastes
Radiation
Gastrulation
Alleles
6. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Mutation
Vasa recta
Habitat patches
Nitrogenous wastes
7. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Exon shuffling
Psuedogenes
Temperature sensitivity
Lipoprotein lipase
8. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Stabilizing Selection
Osmoregulators
Phenotype
Mutation
9. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Nucleotide Substitution
Sexual selection
Evolutionary trend
Geographic Range
10. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Nephron
Obligatory Exchanges
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Genetic structure
11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Stabilizing Selection
Lower critical temperature
Diploid
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
12. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Non shivering thermogensis
Feedforward information
13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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14. The Origin of Species 1859
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15. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Convection
Genetic structure
Meiosis
Excess Glucose
16. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Hypothalamus
Fever
Adaptation
17. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Excretory system functions
Endotherms
P53
Dobzhansky Muller Model
18. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Absorbed triglycerides
Missense Substitution
Metanephridia
19. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Genetic Drift
Malpighian tubules
Darwin's book
Natural selection
20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Negative feedback
MR equation
Disruptive selection
Genome size
21. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Glomerulus
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Brown fat
Heterochrony
22. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Selfing
Antidiuretic hormone
Sexual selection
Disruptive selection
23. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Glycogenolysis
Basal Metabolic Rate
Intrasexual Selection
Habitat patches
24. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Psuedogenes
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Quantitative
Orthologs
25. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Intrasexual Selection
Genetic Drift
Natural selection
Genome size
26. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Mutation
Gene duplication
Absorbed triglycerides
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
27. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Microevolution
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Dobzhansky Muller Model
28. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Obesity
Insulin
Honest signal
Intracellular fluid
29. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Acclimatization
Geographic Range
Lateral gene transfer
Homeostasis
30. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Excretory organs
Artificial selection
Disruptive selection
31. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Energy expenditure
Size in BMR
Convection
Absorptive phase
32. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Lipoprotein lipase
Feedforward information
Non shivering thermogensis
Absorbed triglycerides
33. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Heterozygote populations
Meiosis
Three theories of Darwin
Exon shuffling
34. Humans do this through clothing
Thermal insulation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Silent substitution
Vestigial structures
35. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Aldosterone
Heterotherms
3 germ layers
Connective tissue
36. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Electrolytes
Gene Flow
Antidiuretic hormone
Absorptive phase
37. Stable temperatures
Homeotherms
Ketones
Thermal insulation
Neutral Theory
38. Sum of all alleles
Cold fish vs hot fish
Ammonotelic
Endotherms
Gene pool
39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Endotherms
Chief monomers absorbed
Muller's Ratchet
40. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Disruptive selection
Fever
Chief monomers absorbed
Metabolism
41. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Directional selection
Chief monomers absorbed
Interstitial fluid
Population size
42. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Conduction
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Nucleotide Substitution
Orthologs
43. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Endemic
Exon shuffling
Leptin
Hypothalamus
44. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
MR equation
Thermal insulation
Psuedogenes
Major blood buffer
45. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Convection
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Excess Glucose
46. Total number of individuals in a population
Diploid
Population size
Obligatory Exchanges
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
47. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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48. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Adaptation
Heterotopy
Osmoregulators
Vestigial structures
49. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Heterotherms
Geographic Range
Daily torpor
Lower critical temperature
50. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Genetic Drift
Deleterious
Individuals do not evolve
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