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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






2. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






3. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






4. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






5. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






6. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






7. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






8. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






9. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






10. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






11. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






12. Native to one location and no where else






13. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






14. Total number of individuals in a population






15. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






16. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






17. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






18. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






19. What organisms look like and how they behave






20. Harmful mutation






21. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






22. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






23. BMI of 30 or greater






24. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






25. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






26. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






27. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






28. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






29. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






30. Humans do this through clothing






31. Fluctuating temperatures






32. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






33. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






34. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






36. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






37. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






38. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






39. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






40. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






41. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






42. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






43. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






44. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






45. Populations do






46. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






47. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






49. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






50. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides