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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Meiosis
Three theories of Darwin
2. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Three theories of Darwin
Homeotherms
Darwin's book
Dobzhansky Muller Model
3. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Genetic structure
Neutral Theory
Evolutionary trend
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
4. Harmful mutation
Deleterious
Phenotype
Antidiuretic hormone
Insulin
5. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
3 germ layers
Ketones
Habitat
Heterozygote populations
6. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Glycogenolysis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Cold fish vs hot fish
Secretion
7. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Honest signal
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Heat budget equation
Glomerulus
8. BMI of 30 or greater
Osmoregulators
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Deleterious
Obesity
9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Artificial selection
Endotherms
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Daily torpor
10. What organisms look like and how they behave
Genome size
Size in BMR
Gene duplication
Phenotype
11. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Lateral gene transfer
Malpighian tubules
Adaptation
12. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Thermal insulation
Genetic Drift
Secretion
Convection
13. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Reabsorption
Loop of Henle
Neutral Theory
14. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Gene pool
Leptin
Insulin
Habitat
15. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Ectotherms
Psuedogenes
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Neutral Theory
16. What organisms look like and how they behave
Muller's Ratchet
Phenotype
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Antidiuretic hormone
17. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Ketones
Tubule
Exon shuffling
Thermal insulation
18. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Brown fat
Absorptive phase
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
19. Ability to compete for mates
Obesity
Intrasexual Selection
Muscle tissue
Heterotopy
20. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Feedforward information
Glomerulus
Endemic
Absorbed triglycerides
21. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Osmoconformers
Dehydration
Hypothalamus
Mutation
22. Proportion of genotype in population
Heterochrony
Insulin
Gene duplication
Genotype frequency
23. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Nitrogenous wastes
Disruptive selection
Exon shuffling
Diploid
24. Total number of individuals in a population
Insulin
Population size
MR equation
Glycogenolysis
25. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Convection
Allele frequency formula
Adaptation
Aldosterone
26. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Vasa recta
MR equation
Genetic structure
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
27. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Intracellular fluid
Dehydration
Sexual selection
Ketones
28. Ability to compete for mates
Basal Metabolic Rate
Osmolarity
Excess Glucose
Intrasexual Selection
29. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Nervous tissue
Diploid
Osmolarity
Excess Glucose
30. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Calorie
Population size
Energy expenditure
31. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Lateral gene transfer
Mutation
Stabilizing Selection
Adaptation
32. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Heat budget equation
Absorptive phase
Geographic Range
Meiosis
33. Excrete ammonia
Ammonotelic
Bowman's capsule
Ketones
Phenotype
34. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Glomerulus
Sexual selection
Absorbed amino acids
Radiation
35. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Meiosis
Vasa recta
Hemodialysis
Gene pool
36. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Sexual selection
Genetic Drift
Absorbed triglycerides
Lower critical temperature
37. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Genome size
Obligatory Exchanges
Fitness
Individuals do not evolve
38. Sum of all alleles
Temperature sensitivity
Obligatory Exchanges
Gene pool
Muller's Ratchet
39. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Connective tissue
Vestigial structures
Satiation
Fitness
40. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Three theories of Darwin
Qualitative
Temperature sensitivity
Absorbed triglycerides
41. Humans do this through clothing
Thermal insulation
Psuedogenes
Natural selection
3 germ layers
42. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Natural selection
Homeostasis
Hemodialysis
Microevolution
43. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Population density
Nucleotide Substitution
Connective tissue
Lower critical temperature
44. Fluctuating temperatures
Heterotherms
Artificial selection
Hypothalamus
Gene Flow
45. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Osmolarity
Genetic Drift
Adaptation
Genotype frequency
46. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Fitness
Temperature sensitivity
Microevolution
Fever
47. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Interstitial fluid
Disruptive selection
Negative feedback
Glomerulus
48. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Hypothalamus
Macroevolution
Feedforward information
Ketones
49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Intracellular fluid
Antidiuretic hormone
Mutation
Nephron
50. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Conduction
Homeotherms
Allele frequency
Temperature sensitivity
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