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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






2. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






3. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






4. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






5. Fluctuating temperatures






6. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






7. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






8. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






9. Wallace






10. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






11. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






12. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






13. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






14. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






15. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






16. Several loci






17. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






18. Proportion of allele in population






19. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






20. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






21. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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22. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






23. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






24. Native to one location and no where else






25. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






26. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






27. Proportion of genotype in population






28. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






29. Sum of all alleles






30. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






31. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






32. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






33. Allele and genotype frequencies






34. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






35. Stable temperatures






36. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






37. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






38. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






39. What organisms look like and how they behave






40. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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41. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






42. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






43. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






44. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






45. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






46. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






47. BMI of 30 or greater






48. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






49. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






50. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits