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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






2. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






3. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






4. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






5. Populations do






6. Several loci






7. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






8. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






9. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






10. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






11. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






12. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






13. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






14. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






15. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






16. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






17. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






18. Harmful mutation






19. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






20. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






21. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






22. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






23. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






24. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






25. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






26. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






27. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






28. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






29. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






30. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






31. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






32. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






33. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






34. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






35. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






36. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






37. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






38. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






39. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






40. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






41. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






42. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






43. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






44. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






45. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






46. Excrete ammonia






47. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






48. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






49. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






50. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)