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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fluctuating temperatures






2. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






3. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






4. What organisms look like and how they behave






5. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






6. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






7. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






8. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






9. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






10. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






11. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






12. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






13. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






14. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






15. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






16. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






17. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






18. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






19. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






20. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






21. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






22. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






23. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






24. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






25. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






26. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






27. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






28. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






29. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






30. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






31. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






32. Humans do this through clothing






33. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






34. BMI of 30 or greater






35. Stable temperatures






36. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






37. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






38. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






39. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






40. Low glucose level in blood






41. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






42. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






43. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






44. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






45. Proportion of allele in population






46. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






47. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






48. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






49. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






50. One loci