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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






2. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






3. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






4. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






5. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






6. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






7. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






8. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






9. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






10. Harmful mutation






11. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






12. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






13. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






14. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






15. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






16. Total number of individuals in a population






17. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






18. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






19. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






21. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






22. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






23. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






24. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






25. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






26. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






27. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






28. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






29. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






30. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






31. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






32. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






33. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






34. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






35. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






36. Wallace






37. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






38. Humans do this through clothing






39. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






40. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






41. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






42. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






43. Stable temperatures






44. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






45. Native to one location and no where else






46. One loci






47. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






48. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






49. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






50. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)