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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






2. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






3. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






4. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






5. Populations do






6. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






7. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






8. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






9. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






10. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






11. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






12. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






13. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






14. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






15. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






16. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






17. The Origin of Species 1859

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18. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






19. Fluctuating temperatures






20. Ability to compete for mates






21. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






22. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






23. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






24. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






25. Different form of a gene






26. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






27. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






28. Sum of all alleles






29. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






30. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






31. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






32. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






33. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






34. Stable temperatures






35. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






36. Sum of all alleles






37. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






39. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






40. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






41. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






42. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






43. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






44. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






45. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






46. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






47. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






48. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






49. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






50. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)