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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Leptin
Bowman's capsule
Ectotherms
Neutral Theory
2. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Major blood buffer
Disruptive selection
Nucleotide Substitution
Tubule
3. Ability to compete for mates
Microevolution
Intrasexual Selection
Brown fat
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
4. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Population size
Metabolism
Excess Glucose
Three theories of Darwin
5. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Muscle tissue
Population size
Population size
Antidiuretic hormone
6. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Microevolution
Genetic structure
Founder effect
Artificial directional selection
7. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Artificial selection
Habitat patches
Honest signal
Osmoconformers
8. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Genome size
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Absorbed triglycerides
Intracellular fluid
9. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Post absorptive stage
Homeostasis
Satiation
Nervous tissue
10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Hypothalamus
Convection
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Osmoregulators
11. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Lateral gene transfer
Malpighian tubules
Positive feedback
3 germ layers
12. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Cold fish vs hot fish
Founder effect
3 germ layers
Satiation
13. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Sexual selection
Loop of Henle
Three theories of Darwin
Post absorptive stage
14. Sum of all alleles
Genetic Drift
Vasa recta
MR equation
Gene pool
15. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Artificial directional selection
Nervous tissue
Qualitative
Metabolism
16. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Heterotopy
Connective tissue
Geographic Range
Population size
17. Proportion of genotype in population
Gluconeogenesis
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Macroevolution
Genotype frequency
18. Harmful mutation
Mutation
Microevolution
Population density
Deleterious
19. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Three theories of Darwin
Directional selection
Hemodialysis
P53
20. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Excess Glucose
Gene Flow
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Metabolism
21. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Glucose Transporters
Post absorptive stage
Osmoconformers
Founder effect
22. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Calorie
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Metabolic rate
Vestigial structures
23. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Silent substitution
Evaporation
Phenotype
Heterozygote populations
24. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Daily torpor
Dehydration
Absorptive phase
Dobzhansky Muller Model
25. Wallace
Epithelial tissue
Glomerulus
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Chief monomers absorbed
26. What organisms look like and how they behave
Acclimatization
Hypothalamus
Phenotype
Glucose Transporters
27. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Lateral gene transfer
Macroevolution
Evolutionary trend
Conduction
28. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Satiation
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Absorbed triglycerides
Glycogenolysis
29. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Microevolution
Molecular Evolution
Intracellular fluid
Energy expenditure
30. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Intracellular fluid
Chief monomers absorbed
Electrolytes
Conduction
31. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Connective tissue
Negative feedback
Excretory system functions
Gene duplication
32. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Interstitial fluid
Evolutionary trend
Homeotherms
Size in BMR
33. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Antidiuretic hormone
Epithelial tissue
34. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Metabolism
Chief monomers absorbed
Malpighian tubules
35. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Tubule
Adaptation
Genetic structure
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
36. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Heterotherms
Genotype frequency
3 germ layers
Conduction
37. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Excess Glucose
Honest signal
Evolutionary trend
Osmoconformers
38. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Obligatory Exchanges
Microevolution
Leptin
Directional selection
39. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Feedforward information
Missense Substitution
40. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Obligatory Exchanges
Gene pool
Metanephridia
41. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Thermal insulation
Osmoconformers
Mutation
Metabolic rate
42. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Evolutionary trend
Electrolytes
Natural selection
Orthologs
43. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
MR equation
Feedforward information
Fitness
Size in BMR
44. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Reabsorption
Gluconeogenesis
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Satiation
45. Fluctuating temperatures
Phenotype
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Heterotherms
46. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Disruptive selection
Disruptive selection
Vasa recta
Major blood buffer
47. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Glomerulus
Deleterious
Adaptation
Epithelial tissue
48. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Radiation
Feedforward information
Macroevolution
Heterotopy
49. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Brown fat
Nephron
Intrasexual Selection
MR equation
50. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Heterochrony
Heat budget equation
Selfing
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)