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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






2. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






3. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






4. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






5. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






6. Fluctuating temperatures






7. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






8. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






9. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






10. Low glucose level in blood






11. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






12. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






13. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






14. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






15. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






16. One loci






17. Low glucose level in blood






18. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






19. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






20. Total number of individuals in a population






21. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






22. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






23. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






24. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






25. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






26. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






27. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






28. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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29. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






30. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






31. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






32. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






33. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






34. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






35. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






36. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






37. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






38. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






39. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






40. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






41. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






42. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






43. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






44. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






45. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






46. Excrete ammonia






47. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






48. BMI of 30 or greater






49. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






50. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)