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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






2. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






3. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






4. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






5. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






6. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






7. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






8. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






9. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






10. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






11. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






12. Wallace






13. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






14. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






15. Proportion of genotype in population






16. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






17. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






18. Total number of individuals in a population






19. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






20. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






21. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






22. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






23. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






24. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






25. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






26. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






27. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






28. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






29. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






30. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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31. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






32. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






33. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






34. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






35. Several loci






36. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






37. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






38. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






39. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






40. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






41. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






42. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






43. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






44. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






45. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






46. The Origin of Species 1859

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47. Low glucose level in blood






48. Different form of a gene






49. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






50. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next







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