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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






2. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






3. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






4. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






5. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






6. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






7. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






8. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






9. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






10. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






11. Excrete ammonia






12. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






13. Several loci






14. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






15. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






16. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






17. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






18. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






20. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






21. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






22. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






23. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






24. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






25. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






26. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






27. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






28. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






29. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






30. Several loci






31. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






32. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






33. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






34. Populations do






35. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






36. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






37. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






38. Proportion of genotype in population






39. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






40. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






41. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






42. Native to one location and no where else






43. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






44. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






45. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






46. Excrete ammonia






47. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






48. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






49. BMI of 30 or greater






50. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)