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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
MR equation
Osmoconformers
Metabolism
2. Populations do
Glomerulus
Individuals do not evolve
Missense Substitution
Genetic structure
3. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Gene duplication
Obligatory Exchanges
Lipoprotein lipase
Osmoregulators
4. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Secretion
Gastrulation
Osmolarity
Adaptation
5. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Major blood buffer
Quantitative
Founder effect
Energy expenditure
6. Stable temperatures
Homeotherms
Endotherms
Heat budget equation
Osmoconformers
7. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Homeostasis
Obligatory Exchanges
Macroevolution
Evolutionary trend
8. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Gluconeogenesis
Nitrogenous wastes
9. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Deleterious
Vestigial structures
Silent substitution
Epithelial tissue
10. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Absorptive phase
Chief monomers absorbed
Tubule
3 disadvantages of endotherms
11. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Nephron
Brown fat
Adaptation
Three theories of Darwin
12. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Endemic
Metabolism
Absorbed amino acids
Convection
13. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Ketones
Reabsorption
Geographic Range
Cold fish vs hot fish
14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Population density
Endotherms
Mutation
Lateral gene transfer
15. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Fitness
Individuals do not evolve
Disruptive selection
P53
16. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Osmoconformers
Fever
Heat budget equation
Absorbed triglycerides
17. Allele and genotype frequencies
Population density
Genetic structure
Vestigial structures
Genome size
18. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Lateral gene transfer
P53
Acclimatization
Genetic structure
19. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)
Kidney
Convection
Population density
Cold fish vs hot fish
20. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Lower critical temperature
Nephron
Excess Glucose
Adaptation
21. What organisms look like and how they behave
Positive feedback
Artificial directional selection
Sexual selection
Phenotype
22. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Osmolarity
Energy expenditure
Chief monomers absorbed
Darwin's book
23. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Excretory organs
Population
Secretion
Calorie
24. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Antidiuretic hormone
Heterozygote populations
Brown fat
Lateral gene transfer
25. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Allele frequency formula
Antidiuretic hormone
Temperature sensitivity
Aldosterone
26. Proportion of genotype in population
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Genotype frequency
Radiation
27. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Lateral gene transfer
MR equation
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
28. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Conduction
Epithelial tissue
Satiation
Gastrulation
29. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Heterochrony
Hemodialysis
Nucleotide Substitution
Vestigial structures
30. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Artificial selection
Artificial directional selection
Glomerulus
Nucleotide Substitution
31. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Genome size
Endotherms
Muller's Ratchet
Feedforward information
32. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Nephron
Genetic structure
Three theories of Darwin
Lipoprotein lipase
33. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Population size
Gene duplication
P53
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
34. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
MR equation
Connective tissue
Excess Glucose
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
35. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Dehydration
Osmoregulators
Bowman's capsule
Selfing
36. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Vasa recta
Gene pool
Metanephridia
Excess Glucose
37. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Homeotherms
Genome size
Diploid
Connective tissue
38. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Lateral gene transfer
Conduction
Interstitial fluid
Interstitial fluid
39. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Evaporation
Habitat
Ammonotelic
Thermal insulation
40. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Fitness
Artificial directional selection
Quantitative
Cold fish vs hot fish
41. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Cold fish vs hot fish
Post absorptive stage
Ectotherms
Population
42. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Artificial selection
Electrolytes
Homeotherms
43. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Metabolism
Allele frequency
Microevolution
Brown fat
44. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Macroevolution
Glucose Transporters
Acclimatization
Geographic Range
45. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Intracellular fluid
Vestigial structures
Directional selection
Habitat patches
46. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Qualitative
Gene Flow
Phenotype
Nitrogenous wastes
47. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Vestigial structures
Qualitative
Exon shuffling
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
48. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Nephron
Convection
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Gluconeogenesis
49. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Osmoconformers
Metabolism
Electrolytes
50. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Disruptive selection
Absorbed triglycerides
Secretion
Tubule