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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Heterotherms
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Missense Substitution
Neutral Theory
2. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
P53
Radiation
Loop of Henle
Absorbed triglycerides
3. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Orthologs
Diploid
Population
Selfing
4. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Glycogenolysis
Non shivering thermogensis
Genome size
5. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Heat budget equation
Kidney
Hemodialysis
Orthologs
6. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Stabilizing Selection
Nervous tissue
Conduction
7. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Aldosterone
Thermal insulation
Reabsorption
Nucleotide Substitution
8. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Secretion
MR equation
Connective tissue
Vasa recta
9. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Leptin
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Ectotherms
10. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Vestigial structures
MR equation
11. Fluctuating temperatures
Osmoconformers
Mutation
Darwin's book
Heterotherms
12. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Negative feedback
Chief monomers absorbed
Vasa recta
Heterotherms
13. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Insulin
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Temperature sensitivity
Radiation
14. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)
Excretory system functions
Allele frequency
Quantitative
Acclimatization
15. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Metabolic rate
Antidiuretic hormone
Interstitial fluid
Excretory system functions
16. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Heterotherms
Kidney
Aldosterone
Interstitial fluid
17. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Silent substitution
Phenotype
Tubule
Convection
18. Proportion of allele in population
Hemodialysis
Aldosterone
Allele frequency
Kidney
19. Humans do this through clothing
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Gene Flow
Thermal insulation
Population size
20. Wallace
Temperature sensitivity
Nucleotide Substitution
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Secretion
21. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Osmoconformers
Conduction
Glomerulus
Ketones
22. Proportion of genotype in population
Genotype frequency
Fever
Directional selection
Feedforward information
23. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
24. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Gastrulation
Disruptive selection
Insulin
25. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Darwin's book
Size in BMR
Absorbed amino acids
Other guy who came up with natural selection
26. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Radiation
Selfing
Metabolic rate
Epithelial tissue
27. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Qualitative
Disruptive selection
Osmolarity
28. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Loop of Henle
Founder effect
Temperature sensitivity
29. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Mutation
Metanephridia
3 disadvantages of endotherms
30. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Fever
Gastrulation
Gene Flow
Obligatory Exchanges
31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Insulin
Nephron
Hemodialysis
Molecular Evolution
32. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Endotherms
Insulin
Electrolytes
Psuedogenes
33. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Vestigial structures
Obligatory Exchanges
Excess Glucose
Osmolarity
34. Allele and genotype frequencies
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Genetic structure
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
35. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing
Connective tissue
Negative feedback
Major blood buffer
Silent substitution
36. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Excess Glucose
Nitrogenous wastes
Founder effect
Major blood buffer
37. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Glucose Transporters
Genome size
Evaporation
38. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Aldosterone
Insulin
Mutation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Endotherms
Hypoglycemia
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
40. Native to one location and no where else
P53
Molecular Evolution
Endemic
Heterotopy
41. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Glomerulus
Metanephridia
Daily torpor
Molecular Evolution
42. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Osmolarity
Glucose Transporters
Vasa recta
Evolutionary trend
43. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Ammonotelic
Satiation
Radiation
Disruptive selection
44. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Directional selection
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Chief monomers absorbed
Evaporation
45. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Endotherms
Bowman's capsule
Reabsorption
Tubule
46. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Lipoprotein lipase
Individuals do not evolve
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Evaporation
47. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Individuals do not evolve
Reabsorption
Genetic Drift
Neutral Theory
48. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Loop of Henle
Gene duplication
Muller's Ratchet
Missense Substitution
49. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Metabolism
Diploid
Missense Substitution
Three theories of Darwin
50. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools
Gene Flow
Obesity
Macroevolution
Heterotherms