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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






2. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






3. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






4. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






5. One loci






6. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






7. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






8. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






9. Ability to compete for mates






10. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






11. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






12. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






13. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






15. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






16. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






17. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






18. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






19. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






20. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






21. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






22. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






23. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






24. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






25. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






26. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






27. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






28. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






29. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






30. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






31. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






32. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






33. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






34. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






35. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






36. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






37. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






38. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






39. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






40. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






41. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






42. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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43. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






44. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






45. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






46. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






47. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






48. Stable temperatures






49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






50. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used