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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






2. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






3. Proportion of genotype in population






4. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






5. Harmful mutation






6. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






7. BMI of 30 or greater






8. Humans do this through clothing






9. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






10. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






11. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






12. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






13. Several loci






14. Allele and genotype frequencies






15. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






16. BMI of 30 or greater






17. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






18. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






19. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






20. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






21. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






22. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






23. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






24. Allele and genotype frequencies






25. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






26. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






27. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






28. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






29. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






30. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






31. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






32. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






33. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






34. Fluctuating temperatures






35. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






36. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






37. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






38. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






39. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






40. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






41. Native to one location and no where else






42. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






43. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






44. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






45. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






46. Wallace






47. Ability to compete for mates






48. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






50. Proportion of allele in population