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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






2. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






3. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






4. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






5. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






6. Excrete ammonia






7. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






8. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






9. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






10. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






11. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






12. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






13. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






14. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






15. Several loci






16. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






17. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






18. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






19. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






20. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






21. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






22. Ability to compete for mates






23. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






24. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






25. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






26. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






27. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






28. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






29. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






30. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






31. Fluctuating temperatures






32. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






33. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






34. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






35. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






36. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






37. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






38. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






39. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






40. Several loci






41. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






42. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






43. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






44. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






45. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






46. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






47. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






48. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






49. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






50. Low glucose level in blood