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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






2. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






3. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






4. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






5. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






6. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






7. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






8. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






9. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






10. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






11. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






12. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






13. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






14. Humans do this through clothing






15. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






16. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






17. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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18. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






19. Stable temperatures






20. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






21. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






22. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






23. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






24. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






25. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






26. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






27. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






28. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






29. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






30. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






31. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






32. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






33. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






34. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






35. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






36. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






37. Total number of individuals in a population






38. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






39. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






40. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






41. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






42. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






43. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






44. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






45. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






46. Total number of individuals in a population






47. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






48. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






49. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






50. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)