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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






2. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






3. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






4. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






5. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






6. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






7. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






8. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






9. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






10. Allele and genotype frequencies






11. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






12. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






13. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






14. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






15. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






16. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






17. Self fertilization - homozygous genotypes increase - heterozygous genotypes decrease






18. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






19. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






20. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






21. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






22. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






23. The Origin of Species 1859

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24. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






25. What organisms look like and how they behave






26. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






27. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






28. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






29. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






30. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






32. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






33. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






34. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






35. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






36. Amplifies deviation frokm set point






37. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






38. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






39. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






40. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






41. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






42. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






43. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






44. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






45. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






46. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






47. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






48. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






49. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






50. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is