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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Glucose Transporters
Calorie
Homeotherms
Artificial directional selection
2. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Hypothalamus
Endemic
Meiosis
Hypoglycemia
3. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Artificial selection
Tubule
Glomerulus
Qualitative
4. Proportion of allele in population
Allele frequency
Heterotherms
Feedforward information
Bowman's capsule
5. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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6. Harmful mutation
Convection
Lower critical temperature
Deleterious
Sexual selection
7. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Deleterious
Leptin
Ketones
Calorie
8. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Conduction
Excretory organs
Heat budget equation
Mutation
9. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Satiation
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Osmoregulators
Muscle tissue
10. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Cold fish vs hot fish
Insulin
Metabolism
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
11. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Heterochrony
Macroevolution
Satiation
Endemic
12. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Heterotopy
Adaptation
Silent substitution
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
13. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Satiation
Convection
Nervous tissue
Endotherms
14. Different form of a gene
Population density
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Obligatory Exchanges
Alleles
15. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Radiation
Excretory system functions
Qualitative
Ammonotelic
16. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Osmolarity
Radiation
Lower critical temperature
Diploid
17. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Conduction
Metabolism
Chief monomers absorbed
Population size
18. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates
Directional selection
Post absorptive stage
Sexual selection
Connective tissue
19. Total number of individuals in a population
Absorbed amino acids
Population size
MR equation
Allele frequency formula
20. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Homeostasis
Exon shuffling
Absorbed amino acids
Basal Metabolic Rate
21. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Endotherms
Electrolytes
Secretion
22. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Quantitative
Heat budget equation
Macroevolution
23. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Gene duplication
Microevolution
Genotype frequency
24. Ability to compete for mates
MR equation
Darwin's book
Absorbed amino acids
Intrasexual Selection
25. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Adaptation
Metabolic rate
Excess Glucose
26. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Gene Flow
Ammonotelic
Macroevolution
Microevolution
27. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Population
Stabilizing Selection
Gene pool
28. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Evaporation
Kidney
Metanephridia
Excretory system functions
29. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Chief monomers absorbed
Loop of Henle
Gene duplication
Gastrulation
30. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Conduction
Habitat
Orthologs
Gastrulation
31. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Dehydration
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Homeotherms
Lower critical temperature
32. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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33. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Allele frequency
Metanephridia
Vestigial structures
34. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Metanephridia
Basal Metabolic Rate
Chief monomers absorbed
35. Sum of all alleles
Vestigial structures
Gene pool
Post absorptive stage
Genetic structure
36. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Ammonotelic
Metabolic rate
Nervous tissue
Obesity
37. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite
Convection
Connective tissue
Leptin
Stabilizing Selection
38. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Positive feedback
Directional selection
Heterotopy
Hemodialysis
39. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Insulin
Meiosis
MR equation
Osmoregulators
40. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Gene Flow
Fever
Ketones
Convection
41. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Directional selection
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Metabolism
Microevolution
42. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Reabsorption
Population
Secretion
Vestigial structures
43. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
Basal Metabolic Rate
Non shivering thermogensis
Metabolism
44. BMI of 30 or greater
Genotype frequency
Heat budget equation
Obesity
Epithelial tissue
45. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Conduction
Deleterious
Malpighian tubules
Lateral gene transfer
46. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Honest signal
Darwin's book
Gene Flow
Malpighian tubules
47. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Phenotype
Excretory system functions
Chief monomers absorbed
48. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Disruptive selection
Heat budget equation
Negative feedback
Intracellular fluid
49. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Absorbed amino acids
Secretion
Habitat
Insulin
50. Stable temperatures
Absorbed amino acids
Antidiuretic hormone
Homeotherms
Connective tissue