Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportion of genotype in population






2. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






3. Populations do






4. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






5. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






6. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






7. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






8. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






9. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






10. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






11. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






12. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






13. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






14. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






15. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






16. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






17. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






18. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






19. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






20. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






21. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






22. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






23. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






24. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






25. Harmful mutation






26. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






27. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






28. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






29. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






30. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






31. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






32. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






33. Populations do






34. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






35. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






36. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






37. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






38. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






39. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






40. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






41. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






42. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






43. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






44. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






45. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






46. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






47. Ability to compete for mates






48. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






49. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






50. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates