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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Gene duplication
Absorbed triglycerides
2. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Malpighian tubules
Directional selection
Insulin
Allele frequency formula
3. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Heat budget equation
Osmoregulators
Alleles
Feedforward information
4. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Convection
Metanephridia
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Silent substitution
5. One loci
Qualitative
Gastrulation
Post absorptive stage
Heterotopy
6. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Excess Glucose
Homeotherms
P53
Heterozygote populations
7. Sum of all alleles
Allele frequency formula
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Osmoregulators
Gene pool
8. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Molecular Evolution
Temperature sensitivity
Metabolic rate
Metabolism
9. Humans do this through clothing
Connective tissue
Allele frequency formula
Qualitative
Thermal insulation
10. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Exon shuffling
Genetic structure
Microevolution
Satiation
11. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Neutral Theory
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Fitness
Acclimatization
12. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Heat budget equation
Gene pool
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Calorie
13. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Allele frequency
Missense Substitution
Endemic
Genome size
14. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Homeotherms
Secretion
Malpighian tubules
Osmolarity
15. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Allele frequency
Qualitative
Darwin's book
16. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Microevolution
Nephron
Muller's Ratchet
Exon shuffling
17. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Orthologs
Conduction
Satiation
Habitat
18. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Antidiuretic hormone
Negative feedback
19. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
Nitrogenous wastes
Excretory organs
Osmoregulators
20. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Artificial directional selection
Excretory system functions
Population density
Metabolism
21. Populations do
Hemodialysis
Chief monomers absorbed
Excretory system functions
Individuals do not evolve
22. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck
Metabolism
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Hypothalamus
Genetic Drift
23. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Epithelial tissue
Gene Flow
Vestigial structures
3 germ layers
24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Osmoregulators
Loop of Henle
Three theories of Darwin
Gastrulation
25. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Hypothalamus
Directional selection
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Excretory system functions
26. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Conduction
Missense Substitution
Habitat patches
Convection
27. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Absorptive phase
Hypoglycemia
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Connective tissue
28. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Molecular Evolution
Excess Glucose
Macroevolution
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
29. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Leptin
Osmoregulators
Other guy who came up with natural selection
30. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Genome size
Absorbed triglycerides
Glycogenolysis
31. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater
Muscle tissue
Osmoconformers
Founder effect
Nucleotide Substitution
32. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Alleles
Absorbed triglycerides
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Artificial directional selection
33. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Acclimatization
Obligatory Exchanges
Non shivering thermogensis
Sexual selection
34. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Habitat
Stabilizing Selection
Thermal insulation
Diploid
35. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Quantitative
Homeostasis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Fitness
36. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Brown fat
Stabilizing Selection
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Missense Substitution
37. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Malpighian tubules
Dehydration
Conduction
Founder effect
38. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Ammonotelic
Interstitial fluid
Heat budget equation
Antidiuretic hormone
39. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Psuedogenes
Habitat
Alleles
40. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Phenotype
Evaporation
Population density
Major blood buffer
41. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Habitat
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Metabolism
Glucose Transporters
42. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Chief monomers absorbed
Lipoprotein lipase
Muscle tissue
Leptin
43. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)
Population size
Ectotherms
Phenotype
Phenotype
44. Fluctuating temperatures
Absorptive phase
Daily torpor
Heterotherms
Glucose Transporters
45. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Adaptation
Darwin's book
Leptin
Osmoregulators
46. Proportion of allele in population
3 germ layers
Adaptation
Allele frequency
Major blood buffer
47. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)
Natural selection
3 germ layers
Excretory organs
Meiosis
48. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Mutation
Excretory organs
Size in BMR
Population
49. Allele and genotype frequencies
Tubule
Genetic structure
Alleles
Heterotherms
50. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Silent substitution
Microevolution
Satiation
Heterozygote populations