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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






2. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






3. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






4. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






5. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






6. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






7. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






8. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






9. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






10. Proportion of genotype in population






11. Fluctuating temperatures






12. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






13. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






14. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






15. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






16. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






17. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






18. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






19. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






20. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






21. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






22. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






23. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






24. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






25. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






26. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






27. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






28. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






29. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






30. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






31. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






32. Populations do






33. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






34. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






35. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






36. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






37. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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39. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






40. Several loci






41. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






42. Sum of all alleles






43. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






44. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






45. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






46. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






47. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






48. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






50. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature