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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sum of all alleles






2. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






3. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






4. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






5. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






6. Humans do this through clothing






7. Excrete ammonia






8. Total number of individuals in a population






9. The Origin of Species 1859


10. What organisms look like and how they behave






11. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






12. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






13. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






14. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






15. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






16. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






17. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






18. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






19. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






20. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






21. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






22. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






23. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






24. Fluctuating temperatures






25. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






26. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






27. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






28. Native to one location and no where else






29. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






30. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






31. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






32. Harmful mutation






33. Low glucose level in blood






34. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






35. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






36. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






37. Populations do






38. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






39. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






40. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






41. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






42. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






43. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






44. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






45. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






46. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






47. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






48. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






49. BMI of 30 or greater






50. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck