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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
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Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Wallace
Glomerulus
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Interstitial fluid
Heterochrony
2. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life
Phenotype
Metabolism
Genome size
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
3. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Sexual selection
Satiation
Heat budget equation
Basal Metabolic Rate
4. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Nephron
Satiation
Heterozygote populations
Genome size
5. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface
Connective tissue
Negative feedback
Osmoregulators
Convection
6. Native to one location and no where else
Allele frequency formula
Neutral Theory
Heterotopy
Endemic
7. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Absorptive phase
Artificial directional selection
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
8. Populations do
Exon shuffling
Malpighian tubules
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Individuals do not evolve
9. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)
Absorbed amino acids
Calorie
Silent substitution
Metabolic rate
10. Proportion of allele in population
Lipoprotein lipase
Mutation
Allele frequency
Major blood buffer
11. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)
Missense Substitution
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Energy expenditure
Vasa recta
12. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Geographic Range
Glucose Transporters
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Obligatory Exchanges
13. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes
Meiosis
Heterozygote populations
Darwin's book
Gluconeogenesis
14. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Tubule
Alleles
Absorbed triglycerides
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
15. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Geographic Range
Obligatory Exchanges
Endemic
Positive feedback
16. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Loop of Henle
Gene Flow
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Molecular Evolution
17. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Post absorptive stage
Phenotype
Artificial selection
Heterotopy
18. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Brown fat
Natural selection
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Glucose Transporters
19. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Cold fish vs hot fish
Endemic
Founder effect
20. Ability to compete for mates
Alleles
Intrasexual Selection
Genetic Drift
Phenotype
21. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Brown fat
Electrolytes
Evolutionary trend
Osmoregulators
22. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Vestigial structures
Excretory organs
Qualitative
Glucose Transporters
23. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Endemic
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Calorie
Gluconeogenesis
24. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Sexual selection
Diploid
Orthologs
Gene pool
25. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Sexual selection
Post absorptive stage
Stabilizing Selection
Habitat patches
26. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Missense Substitution
Absorbed triglycerides
Fitness
Population density
27. Different form of a gene
Absorptive phase
Metabolism
Alleles
MR equation
28. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)
Exon shuffling
Obligatory Exchanges
Fever
Glomerulus
29. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Tubule
Disruptive selection
Mutation
Endotherms
30. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Stabilizing Selection
Nervous tissue
Bowman's capsule
Osmoconformers
31. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Ketones
Mutation
Ammonotelic
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
32. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper
Gastrulation
Heterochrony
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Gene duplication
33. Proportion of genotype in population
Genetic structure
Orthologs
Genotype frequency
Absorbed triglycerides
34. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Gastrulation
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Natural selection
Glomerular Filtration Rate
35. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Homeotherms
Kidney
Selfing
Secretion
36. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Excretory system functions
Neutral Theory
Excess Glucose
Fitness
37. Different form of a gene
Ectotherms
Alleles
Meiosis
Insulin
38. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Chief monomers absorbed
Vestigial structures
Exon shuffling
Post absorptive stage
39. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Population
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Thermal insulation
40. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Deleterious
Disruptive selection
Kidney
Excess Glucose
41. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Aldosterone
Heterotherms
Homeotherms
42. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Absorbed amino acids
Mutation
Daily torpor
Connective tissue
43. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Population size
MR equation
Vasa recta
Negative feedback
44. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Gluconeogenesis
Missense Substitution
Gene Flow
3 disadvantages of endotherms
45. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Antidiuretic hormone
MR equation
Lipoprotein lipase
Nephron
46. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Muscle tissue
Directional selection
Vestigial structures
Population density
47. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection
Geographic Range
Positive feedback
Three theories of Darwin
Genotype frequency
48. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Osmolarity
Reabsorption
Artificial selection
Dehydration
49. Allele and genotype frequencies
Osmolarity
Genetic structure
Chief monomers absorbed
Genome size
50. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)
Calorie
Bowman's capsule
Stabilizing Selection
Intrasexual Selection
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