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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






2. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






3. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






4. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






5. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






6. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






7. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






8. Several loci






9. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






10. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






11. The Origin of Species 1859


12. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






13. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






14. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






15. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






16. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






17. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






18. Stable temperatures






19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






20. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






21. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






23. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






24. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






25. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






26. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






27. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






28. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






29. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






30. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






31. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






32. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






33. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






34. Native to one location and no where else






35. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






36. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






37. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






38. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






39. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






40. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






41. Fluctuating temperatures






42. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






43. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






44. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






45. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






46. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






47. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






48. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






49. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






50. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog