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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Different form of a gene






2. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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3. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






4. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






5. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






6. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






7. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat






8. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






9. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






10. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die






11. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools






12. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






13. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






14. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






15. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






16. Stable temperatures






17. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






18. Fluctuating temperatures






19. Harmful mutation






20. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






21. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






22. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






23. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






24. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






25. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






26. Ability to compete for mates






27. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






28. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






29. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






30. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






31. BMI of 30 or greater






32. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






33. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






34. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






35. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






36. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






37. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






38. Excrete ammonia






39. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






40. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






41. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






42. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






43. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






44. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






45. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






46. Proportion of genotype in population






47. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






48. Native to one location and no where else






49. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






50. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows