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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






2. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






3. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






4. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






5. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






6. Different form of a gene






7. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






8. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






9. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






10. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






11. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






12. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






13. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






14. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






15. The Origin of Species 1859

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16. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






17. Ability to compete for mates






18. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






19. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






20. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






21. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






22. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






23. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






24. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






25. Proportion of genotype in population






26. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






27. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






28. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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29. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






30. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






31. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






32. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






33. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






34. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






35. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






36. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






37. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






38. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






39. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






40. Several loci






41. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






42. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






43. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






44. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






45. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






46. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






47. One loci






48. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






49. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






50. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)