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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Gene Flow
Genome size
Glomerulus
Vasa recta
2. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Founder effect
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Natural selection
Antidiuretic hormone
3. Total number of individuals in a population
Natural selection
Interstitial fluid
Population size
Heterochrony
4. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)
Adaptation
Satiation
Selfing
Deleterious
5. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)
Absorptive phase
Evolutionary trend
Malpighian tubules
Dehydration
6. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Metanephridia
Gastrulation
Allele frequency formula
Heterozygote populations
7. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Acclimatization
Excretory system functions
Vasa recta
Intracellular fluid
8. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Leptin
Population
Qualitative
Molecular Evolution
9. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Daily torpor
Darwin's book
Osmolarity
10. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Genetic Drift
Glucose Transporters
Homeotherms
Endemic
11. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Electrolytes
Macroevolution
Mutation
Allele frequency formula
12. Different form of a gene
Heterotherms
Alleles
Heterozygote populations
Molecular Evolution
13. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Hemodialysis
Nephron
Allele frequency
Obesity
14. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Post absorptive stage
Interstitial fluid
Endemic
Intracellular fluid
15. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Acclimatization
Non shivering thermogensis
Phenotype
Osmoconformers
16. BMI of 30 or greater
Heat budget equation
Population size
Heterotopy
Obesity
17. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Fitness
Reabsorption
Secretion
Ketones
18. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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19. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans
Lower critical temperature
Neutral Theory
Artificial selection
Osmoconformers
20. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Qualitative
Allele frequency
Interstitial fluid
Founder effect
21. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Conduction
Muller's Ratchet
Excess Glucose
Obligatory Exchanges
22. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Lipoprotein lipase
Directional selection
Electrolytes
Non shivering thermogensis
23. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Heterotopy
Absorptive phase
Artificial directional selection
Kidney
24. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Meiosis
Population
Hemodialysis
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
25. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Lipoprotein lipase
Geographic Range
Size in BMR
Absorbed triglycerides
26. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
Malpighian tubules
Missense Substitution
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Acclimatization
27. Proportion of allele in population
Meiosis
Allele frequency
Absorbed triglycerides
Negative feedback
28. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Chief monomers absorbed
Nucleotide Substitution
Glomerulus
Absorbed amino acids
29. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Vasa recta
Post absorptive stage
Microevolution
Excess Glucose
30. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
Homeostasis
Nucleotide Substitution
Satiation
31. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Habitat patches
Conduction
MR equation
Osmolarity
32. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Metanephridia
Acclimatization
Malpighian tubules
33. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Convection
Psuedogenes
Interstitial fluid
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
34. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Directional selection
Nitrogenous wastes
Osmoregulators
Satiation
35. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Individuals do not evolve
Allele frequency formula
Lateral gene transfer
Macroevolution
36. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Psuedogenes
Interstitial fluid
Gene pool
Silent substitution
37. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Metabolic rate
Malpighian tubules
Dehydration
Natural selection
38. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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39. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
Ketones
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
3 germ layers
Lower critical temperature
40. Populations do
Absorptive phase
Absorbed triglycerides
Exon shuffling
Individuals do not evolve
41. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Founder effect
Gastrulation
Chief monomers absorbed
Nucleotide Substitution
42. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits
Natural selection
Hemodialysis
Interstitial fluid
Lipoprotein lipase
43. Stable temperatures
Loop of Henle
Molecular Evolution
Homeotherms
Electrolytes
44. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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45. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)
Population size
Homeostasis
Homeotherms
Excess Glucose
46. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Selfing
Directional selection
Disruptive selection
47. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Absorptive phase
Radiation
Heat budget equation
Non shivering thermogensis
48. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Metabolic rate
Daily torpor
Nervous tissue
Absorptive phase
49. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Reabsorption
Malpighian tubules
Vasa recta
Aldosterone
50. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Genome size
Heterotopy
Metabolic rate
Diploid
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