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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






2. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






3. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






4. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






5. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






6. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






7. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






8. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






9. The Origin of Species 1859


10. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






11. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






12. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






13. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






14. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






15. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






16. Proportion of allele in population






17. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)






18. A favored trait that evolves through natural selection (more organisms with that trait survive than those without)






19. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






20. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






21. BMI of 30 or greater






22. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






23. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






24. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






25. Wallace






26. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






27. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






28. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






29. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






30. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






31. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






32. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






33. The Origin of Species 1859


34. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






35. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






36. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






37. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






38. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






39. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)






40. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place


41. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)






42. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






43. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






44. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






45. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






46. Total number of individuals in a population






47. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






48. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






49. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)






50. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides