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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proportion of genotype in population
Aldosterone
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Genotype frequency
Hypoglycemia
2. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Obligatory Exchanges
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Gastrulation
Excretory system functions
3. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Radiation
Evaporation
Basal Metabolic Rate
Heterotopy
4. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Aldosterone
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Osmoregulators
Vasa recta
5. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place
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6. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Vasa recta
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Vestigial structures
Muller's Ratchet
7. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Temperature sensitivity
Habitat
Nephron
Hypoglycemia
8. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next
Fitness
Hypothalamus
Muller's Ratchet
Heterozygote populations
9. BMI of 30 or greater
Obesity
Individuals do not evolve
Metabolism
Hemodialysis
10. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Geographic Range
Calorie
Lipoprotein lipase
Obligatory Exchanges
11. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine
Major blood buffer
Ectotherms
Genotype frequency
Orthologs
12. The Origin of Species 1859
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13. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Individuals do not evolve
Daily torpor
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Habitat
14. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Honest signal
Non shivering thermogensis
Nephron
Quantitative
15. Total number of individuals in a population
Population size
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Satiation
Osmolarity
16. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Excretory system functions
P53
Founder effect
Glomerular Filtration Rate
17. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Metabolism
Negative feedback
Glucose Transporters
Allele frequency
18. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Geographic Range
Heterochrony
Qualitative
Absorbed amino acids
19. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Epithelial tissue
Non shivering thermogensis
Gene pool
Calorie
20. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
MR equation
Endemic
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Aldosterone
21. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Excretory system functions
Endotherms
Ketones
22. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Population size
Absorbed triglycerides
Hypoglycemia
Silent substitution
23. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Tubule
Post absorptive stage
Molecular Evolution
Gluconeogenesis
24. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Brown fat
Nephron
Genetic Drift
25. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3
Other guy who came up with natural selection
Lipoprotein lipase
Temperature sensitivity
Genotype frequency
26. Low glucose level in blood
Selfing
Radiation
Nitrogenous wastes
Hypoglycemia
27. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)
Natural selection
Deleterious
Excretory organs
Reabsorption
28. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
Intracellular fluid
Mutation
Convection
P53
29. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone
Intracellular fluid
Founder effect
30. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale
Glucose Transporters
Conduction
Non shivering thermogensis
Molecular Evolution
31. Humans do this through clothing
Silent substitution
Excess Glucose
Temperature sensitivity
Thermal insulation
32. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Nephron
Lower critical temperature
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Vasa recta
33. Different form of a gene
Antidiuretic hormone
Stabilizing Selection
Nephron
Alleles
34. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Radiation
Nephron
Molecular Evolution
35. Populations do
Satiation
Absorptive phase
Individuals do not evolve
Epithelial tissue
36. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Heterotherms
Heterotopy
Glycogenolysis
Non shivering thermogensis
37. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Phenotype
Gastrulation
Population density
Conduction
38. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Feedforward information
Glomerulus
Glucose Transporters
Mutation
39. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey
Cold fish vs hot fish
Antidiuretic hormone
Darwin's book
Chief monomers absorbed
40. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati
Fever
Chief monomers absorbed
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Meiosis
41. Total number of individuals in a population
Artificial directional selection
Population size
Muscle tissue
Glomerular Filtration Rate
42. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Glycogenolysis
Genetic structure
Vestigial structures
Gene Flow
43. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)
Natural selection
Muscle tissue
Metanephridia
Absorbed triglycerides
44. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Fever
Heat budget equation
Genotype frequency
Artificial directional selection
45. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)
Epithelial tissue
Missense Substitution
Glucose Transporters
Tubule
46. BMI of 30 or greater
Calorie
Mutation
Obesity
Acclimatization
47. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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48. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory
Epithelial tissue
Molecular Evolution
Mutation
Genetic structure
49. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Metanephridia
Glucose Transporters
Excretory organs
Habitat
50. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Muller's Ratchet
Evolutionary trend
Loop of Henle
Evaporation