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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






2. Favors the mean - selection against any deleterious mutations (baby size)






3. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






4. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






5. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






6. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






7. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






8. 2/3 of all useful solute reabsorbed ie Na+ - K+ - Cl- - HCO3- - organic molecule - glucose - amino acids (TRANSPORT MAXIMUM based on saturatino of membrane transport proteins)






9. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






10. Number of individuals per unit of area/volume (dynamic - change over time)






11. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






12. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






13. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






14. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






15. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






16. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






17. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






18. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






19. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






20. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






21. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






22. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






23. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






24. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






25. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






26. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






27. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






28. What organisms look like and how they behave






29. Harmful mutation






30. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






31. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






32. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






33. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






34. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






35. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






36. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






37. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






38. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






39. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






40. Sum of all alleles






41. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






42. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






43. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






44. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






45. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






46. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule






47. Native to one location and no where else






48. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






49. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)






50. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption