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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on variation in their traits






2. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






3. Fluctuating temperatures






4. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






5. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






6. Harmful mutation






7. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






8. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)






9. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






10. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






11. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






12. Wallace






13. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)






14. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






15. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments






16. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






17. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






18. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






19. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






20. Asexual 1. Doesn't need a mate 2. Maintains adaptive genes 3. All kids asexual (able to reproduce) V.S. Sexual 1. Repairs damaged DNA 2. Elimination of deleterious mutations (asexual makes exact copies) 3. Greater genetic variation (genetic combinati






21. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






22. Harmful mutation






23. Different form of a gene






24. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






25. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






26. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






27. Several loci






28. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






29. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






30. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






31. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






32. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






33. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






34. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






35. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






36. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






37. Proportion of genotype in population






38. The Origin of Species 1859


39. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






40. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






41. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






42. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






43. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






44. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






45. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






46. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






47. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






48. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






49. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






50. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)