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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Absorptive phase
Negative feedback
Homeotherms
Brown fat
2. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Muller's Ratchet
Heat budget equation
Nephron
Positive feedback
3. Low glucose level in blood
Nucleotide Substitution
Hypoglycemia
Obligatory Exchanges
Exon shuffling
4. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Insulin
Aldosterone
Adaptation
Nitrogenous wastes
5. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Osmoconformers
Metabolism
Neutral Theory
Ketones
6. Total number of individuals in a population
Hypoglycemia
Phenotype
Basal Metabolic Rate
Population size
7. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)
Artificial directional selection
Directional selection
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue
8. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Neutral Theory
Allele frequency
Excess Glucose
Glomerulus
9. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments
Alleles
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
Malpighian tubules
Macroevolution
10. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Malpighian tubules
Gastrulation
Reabsorption
Hemodialysis
11. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form
Excretory organs
Epithelial tissue
Nucleotide Substitution
Gastrulation
12. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Absorbed amino acids
Adaptation
Darwin's book
Endotherms
13. Sum of all alleles
Homeostasis
Negative feedback
Gene pool
Nucleotide Substitution
14. Native to one location and no where else
Genotype frequency
Endemic
Major blood buffer
Hypothalamus
15. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle
Tubule
Honest signal
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Osmolarity
16. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
Quantitative
Macroevolution
Insulin
Neutral Theory
17. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Psuedogenes
Gluconeogenesis
Malpighian tubules
Daily torpor
18. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Endemic
Satiation
Calorie
Convection
19. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Metabolism
Antidiuretic hormone
Mutation
Dehydration
20. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Evolutionary trend
Sexual selection
Metabolism
Interstitial fluid
21. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Absorbed amino acids
Conduction
Antidiuretic hormone
Secretion
22. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Feedforward information
Intrasexual Selection
Quantitative
Nucleotide Substitution
23. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Energy expenditure
Muscle tissue
Endemic
Dehydration
24. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product
Vestigial structures
Exon shuffling
P53
Orthologs
25. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions
Nervous tissue
Metabolic rate
Feedforward information
Bowman's capsule
26. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Allele frequency formula
Genetic Drift
Temperature sensitivity
27. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Natural selection
Directional selection
Exon shuffling
Diploid
28. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Gluconeogenesis
Geographic Range
Temperature sensitivity
Insulin
29. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy
Evaporation
Disruptive selection
Gene Flow
Lipoprotein lipase
30. Hormone - stimulates active transport of 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ into tubule
Endotherms
Missense Substitution
Malpighian tubules
Aldosterone
31. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Interstitial fluid
Daily torpor
Nervous tissue
Dehydration
32. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
Diploid
Lateral gene transfer
Radiation
Genotype frequency
33. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Hypoglycemia
Hemodialysis
Founder effect
Macroevolution
34. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range
Molecular Evolution
Habitat
Intrasexual Selection
Metabolism
35. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Gastrulation
Deleterious
Microevolution
Negative feedback
36. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Genetic Drift
Honest signal
Deleterious
Major blood buffer
37. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Heterotopy
Genetic structure
Allele frequency formula
Psuedogenes
38. Proportion of genotype in population
Osmoregulators
Genotype frequency
Glucose Transporters
Silent substitution
39. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion
Hypoglycemia
Vasa recta
Glucose Transporters
Gene pool
40. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite
Satiation
Endotherms
Exon shuffling
Fitness
41. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)
Glycogenolysis
Deleterious
Glomerulus
Glomerular Filtration Rate
42. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)
Negative feedback
Quantitative
P53
Dehydration
43. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Absorbed triglycerides
Metanephridia
Electrolytes
Phenotype
44. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)
Exon shuffling
Non shivering thermogensis
Excretory system functions
Dobzhansky Muller Model
45. Two or more homologous genes found in different species
Glucose Transporters
Allele frequency formula
Basal Metabolic Rate
Orthologs
46. One loci
Directional selection
Size in BMR
Malpighian tubules
Qualitative
47. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons
Excretory organs
Missense Substitution
Kidney
Acclimatization
48. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Cold fish vs hot fish
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Nervous tissue
49. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Intracellular fluid
Gluconeogenesis
Hemodialysis
50. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract
Endotherms
Phenotype
Homeostasis
Absorptive phase