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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






2. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






3. Native to one location and no where else






4. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






5. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






6. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






7. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






8. 1. Regulate volume of fluid in body 2. regulate osmolarity - 3. Maintain Ca2+ - H+ - NA+ (ionic regulation) 4. eliminate nitrogenous wastes produced by protein and nucleic acid catabolism (URINE)






9. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






10. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






11. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






12. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






13. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






14. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






15. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






16. A sudden change to population that causes large changes in allele frequencies over time ie population bottleneck






17. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)






18. Environments where species can survive within their geographic range






19. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






20. Maintenance of stable conditions within the internal environment (temperature - PH level - ion concentrations - 02 levels - co2 levels - fuel molecules ie glucose)






21. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






22. Like in butterfly - often give organism an survival and mating advantage-- however homozygotes will always exist as children of heterozygotes






23. Proportion of genotype in population






24. BMI of 30 or greater






25. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






26. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






27. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






28. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






29. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






30. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






31. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






32. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






33. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






34. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells






35. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






36. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






37. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






38. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






39. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






40. Low glucose level in blood






41. If directional selection occurs for generations - however can be stopped due to change in environment or when optimal phenotype reached (then stabilizing)






42. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






43. Different form of a gene






44. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






45. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






46. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






47. Excrete ammonia






48. One loci






49. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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50. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)