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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






2. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






3. In ECM - protein fibers makeup cartilage and bone (mineralized) - ECM of plasma liquid - Adipose=fat cells - energy storing






4. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






5. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






6. Wallace






7. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






8. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






9. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






10. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






11. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






12. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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14. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






15. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






16. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






17. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






18. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






19. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






20. Stable temperatures






21. Reuglated rise in body temp caused by a rise in the hypothalamic set point for metabloic heat production (fights pathogrens - and increased production of white blood cells)






22. One loci






23. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






24. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation






25. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






26. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm






27. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






28. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






29. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






30. Different form of a gene






31. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport






32. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






33. Total number of individuals in a population






34. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides






35. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






36. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






37. Fluctuating temperatures






38. What organisms look like and how they behave






39. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






40. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






41. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






42. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






43. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






44. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






45. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






46. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






47. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






48. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






49. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






50. Skeletal muscle (major consumer of glucose) - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle (gut - bladder and blood vessels)







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