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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






2. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






3. Allow extracellular fluid to equilibrate with seawater






4. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






5. Wallace






6. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






7. Time (duration gene active) eg dolphin flipper






8. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






9. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






10. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






11. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills






12. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






13. One loci






14. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






15. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






16. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






17. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






18. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






19. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






20. Fluctuating temperatures






21. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






22. Refers to all the bodily activities and chemical reactions in an organism that maintain life






23. Humans do this through clothing






24. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






25. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






26. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






27. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






28. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






29. Proportion of allele in population






30. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






31. Ability to compete for mates






32. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






33. Total number of individuals in a population






34. BMI of 30 or greater






35. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required






36. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells






37. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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38. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)






39. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






40. Main excretory organ of vertebrates: 1. specialized tubules of epithelial cell - 2. salt and water homeostasis - 3. Nitrogeneous waste elimination 4.Renal cortex= filtration - renal medulla = filtration concentrated 5. milions of nephrons






41. Stable temperatures






42. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence






43. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






44. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






45. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






46. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






47. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






48. Sum of all alleles






49. Short term control of feeding - stretch receptors in stomach and small intestines sens signals to the brain - realease hormones to supress appetite






50. Change on scale at or above species - changes in separate gene pools