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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






2. Bicarbonate ions (Co2+H2O= h2Co3= H+ + HCO3-) Co2 removed by lungs - H+ removed by urine






3. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






4. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






5. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






6. In medulla - run parrallel to loops of Henlue and medullary collecting ducts - minimize excessive loss of solutes via diffusion






7. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






8. What organisms look like and how they behave






9. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






10. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect






11. Creates new genes by inserting exons and flanking introns into a different gene sequence - there by introducing a new domain in the gene product






12. Insects have these which transport uric acid - postassium ions and sodium ions into tubules - but ercovers water (allows insects to live in dry environments






13. 2NAA + NAa/2N is p and 2aa + NAa/2N is q (however similar frequencies can have very different genotype frequencies)






14. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






15. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






16. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






17. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)






18. Produced in adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass - leptin reduces appetite through hypothalamus (increases BMR). Decrease in leptin decreases BMR - increases appetite






19. Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body's fluid balance - imbalance can alter membrane potentials/disrupt cell activities






20. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






21. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






22. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis






23. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






24. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






25. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






26. Ability to compete for mates






27. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






28. Continuous within Bowman's capsule - Loop of Henle






29. Harmful mutation






30. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption






31. Wallace






32. BMI of 30 or greater






33. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






34. Copies of genes that are no longer functional






35. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits






36. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz






37. Heat transfers to a surrounding medium ie air or water via surface






38. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)






39. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






40. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






41. Proportion of genotype in population






42. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






43. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






44. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






45. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






46. Native to one location and no where else






47. Allele and genotype frequencies






48. Proportion of genotype in population






49. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog






50. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat