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Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Feedback information used to counteract the influence that created the error signal (stabilizes back to set point)






2. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)






3. The Origin of Species 1859

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4. Sum of all alleles






5. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






6. Does not change the encoded amino acid. Occurs at highest rate (also synonymous substitution)






7. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose






8. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






9. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






10. Cover inner and outer surface areas - secrete substances - selective barriers - transport - cilia or sensory






11. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes






12. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






13. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature






14. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis






15. Allele and genotype frequencies






16. Low glucose level in blood






17. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






18. Total number of individuals in a population






19. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






20. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






21. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows






22. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)






23. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






24. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






25. What organisms look like and how they behave






26. When an organisms phenotype influences ability to attract mates






27. Changes the encoded amino acid-- usually deleterious (nonsynonymous substitution)






28. Fluctuating temperatures






29. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)






30. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






31. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)






32. Allele and genotype frequencies






33. Amount of fuel used during a given time to power all of its metabolic requirement - = MR - sometimes appears as heat






34. Fine tuning of adaptive mechanisms (adjusts to climate/temperature- sweating begins sooner and is greater in volume)






35. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






36. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)

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37. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






38. 1. Both copies retain original function 2. Both copies able to produce original gene product - but expression diverges in different tissues or at different times in development 3. One copy may become psuedogene 4. One copy maintains function and seco






39. Change in relative frequency of the genotype from one generation to the next






40. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






41. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






42. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






43. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






44. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)






45. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






46. Human based selection (ie cows with more milk or high fat content)






47. Proportion of allele in population






48. Changes at the DNA - RNA and protein scale






49. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






50. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)