Test your basic knowledge |

Bio 101: Harvard

Subjects : science, biology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)






2. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used






3. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly






4. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population






5. Cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron of a kidney which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place

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6. Two or more homologous genes found in different species






7. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)






8. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)






9. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct






10. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)






11. 20%of plasma leaves capillaries and filters into bowman's space. GFR= Rate of filtrate production (controlled by dilation and constriction of afferent arteriole)






12. Body temp changes with enviro - BMR measured at standard temp for each species - SMR or standard metabolic rate (fish - ambhibia - reptiles)






13. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver






14. Allele and genotype frequencies






15. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat






16. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine






17. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs






18. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






19. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)






20. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure






21. Releases fatty acids to diffuse into cells of the body - some used during absorptive phase for energy






22. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






23. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)






24. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)






25. Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius






26. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)






27. MR is at minimal level combatible with all physiological functionsfor homestastis (BMR level)






28. Species change over time - divergent species share a common ancestor - change is produced by natural selection






29. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)






30. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases






31. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)






32. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)






33. Hot fish have arteries closer to muscle to warm blood (countercurrent heat exchanger)- allows them to swim faster - catch prey






34. Rate at which an organism uses energy to power these reactions






35. 1. Filtration 2. Reaborption 3. Secretion (Kidney can perform well with only 10% of nephrons functioning)






36. The differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population based on specific traits chosen by humans






37. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






38. Individuals interacting at a given time and place






39. Occurs when ingested nutrients enter the blood stream from the GI tract






40. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+






41. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is






42. Q10= Rt/Rt-10 (rate of process or reaction - and rate at 10 degreed celcius lower)-- If not sensititve - Q10 is usually 1 - generally between 2 and 3






43. Low glucose level in blood






44. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system






45. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area






46. Proportion of genotype in population






47. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random






48. Major cell movement - 3 germ layers form






49. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides






50. Ability to compete for mates