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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Native to one location and no where else
Orthologs
Meiosis
Endemic
MR equation
2. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Allele frequency formula
Darwin's book
Geographic Range
Three theories of Darwin
3. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Radiation
Adaptation
Conduction
Ammonotelic
4. Total number of individuals in a population
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Thermal insulation
Population size
Stabilizing Selection
5. Much of variation in size lies in non coding DNA as opposed to functional genes. Also in large populations - slightly deleterious sequences more likely to be purged than in small size (thus more noncoding DNA in large population over small)
Osmolarity
Darwin's book
Intracellular fluid
Genome size
6. 1. If equal - then amino acid residue drifting neutrally 2. If nonsynon higher than sysnon - positive selection causing change in amino acid residue 3. If sysnon higher than nonsynon then purifying selection resisting change in amino acid residue (ly
Nonsynonymous vs synonymous
Muller's Ratchet
Exon shuffling
Vestigial structures
7. Allow individual genes - organelles or fragments of genomes to move horizontally from one lineage to another (virus take genes from one host to new host or mitochondria/chloroplasts)
Osmoregulators
Lateral gene transfer
Glycogenolysis
Muscle tissue
8. Low glucose level in blood
Quantitative
Genetic Drift
Hypoglycemia
Habitat
9. Low glucose level in blood
Dehydration
Hypoglycemia
Muller's Ratchet
Deleterious
10. Descending loop permeable to waterbut not solutes - ascending not permeable to water and actively transports salts out (desert animals - long Henles - freshwater fish - no Henle)
Heterotopy
Loop of Henle
Metanephridia
Heterozygote populations
11. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Heterotopy
Cold fish vs hot fish
Absorbed amino acids
Brown fat
12. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Honest signal
Heterozygote populations
Non shivering thermogensis
Nitrogenous wastes
13. Deleterious mutations in a non-recombining genome accumulate at each replication (asexual reproductivity)
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14. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Gluconeogenesis
Lower critical temperature
Size in BMR
15. Allele and genotype frequencies
Calorie
Genetic structure
Meiosis
Qualitative
16. Native to one location and no where else
Feedforward information
Endemic
Population density
Major blood buffer
17. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Adaptation
Glucose Transporters
Heterotherms
Osmoregulators
18. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Absorptive phase
Vestigial structures
Heat budget equation
Hypothalamus
19. Populations do
Individuals do not evolve
Lower critical temperature
Tubule
Artificial selection
20. Some animals move around to increase decrease temperature (pray themselves with water/dust - find shade - put on clothing)
Microevolution
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Gluconeogenesis
Brown fat
21. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Interstitial fluid
Muscle tissue
Osmolarity
Artificial directional selection
22. The Origin of Species 1859
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23. Daily decline of body temp to save energy (bouts of torpor last mustiple days in hibernation)
Quantitative
Ketones
Metabolism
Daily torpor
24. Glycogen hodrolysis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Vasa recta
Alleles
Major blood buffer
25. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Temperature sensitivity
Hemodialysis
Nucleotide Substitution
Disruptive selection
26. ADH- increase number of water channels - allows more water to leave duct - urine volume decreases
Absorbed amino acids
Hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
27. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Absorbed amino acids
Positive feedback
Artificial selection
Non shivering thermogensis
28. Made by pancreas - binds to cell surface receptor and stimulates singaling pathway - faciliates glucose diffusion into cell (secretion rises when blood glucose rises - eating - or parasympathetic stimulation ie negative feedback)
Insulin
Population size
Glucose Transporters
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
29. Change salt water balance: 1. respiration - 2. metabolism - 3. waste elimination - 4. food ingestion 5. body temperature regulation
Obligatory Exchanges
Conduction
Acclimatization
Non shivering thermogensis
30. Sum of all alleles
Gene pool
Diploid
Interstitial fluid
Ketones
31. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Diploid
Genetic structure
Excretory organs
Gluconeogenesis
32. Secrete penicillin - toxins - K+ and H+
Secretion
Energy expenditure
Tubule
Non shivering thermogensis
33. Excrete ammonia
Ammonotelic
Daily torpor
Sexual recombination vs asexual reproduction
Mutation
34. Pxp is genotype for AA qxq is genotype for aa and pq is heterozygotes - model shows scientists what mechanisms are causing evolution (p+q=1 and p2 + 2pq+q2=1)
Absorbed triglycerides
Exon shuffling
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Phenotype
35. A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus - which results in the production of sex cells
Post absorptive stage
Habitat patches
Meiosis
Nucleotide Substitution
36. Any change in the nucleotide sequences of an organism's DNA (deleterious - neutral - beneficial)
Size in BMR
Nervous tissue
Sexual selection
Mutation
37. The body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Honest signal
Osmolarity
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
38. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Genome size
Macroevolution
Hemodialysis
39. Migration of individuals and movements of gametes between populations (can add new allelles or change Allele frequency)
Obligatory Exchanges
Gene Flow
Thermal insulation
Glomerulus
40. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Alleles
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Orthologs
Homeotherms
41. Cells or organisms having two sets of chromosomes
P53
Endemic
Heterotherms
Diploid
42. Individuals interacting at a given time and place
Population
Sexual selection
Fever
Adaptation
43. Lack of water --> lack of body water - compromises the circulatory system and regulation of body temperature
Brown fat
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Feedforward information
Dehydration
44. In annelids ie earthworms - coelomic fluid is swept through by cilia and tubule cells actively reabsorb good molecules and secret others - exits as urine
Mutation
Lipoprotein lipase
Metanephridia
Muller's Ratchet
45. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Malpighian tubules
Glucose Transporters
Ketones
Genome size
46. Blood into dialyzer (acts as filtrater) to create artificaill countercurrent exchange system
Hemodialysis
Reabsorption
Obesity
Directional selection
47. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Phenotype
Interstitial fluid
Reabsorption
MR equation
48. 1. No mutation 2. No differential selection among genotypes 3. There is no gene flow 4. Population size is infinite 5. Mating is random
Heterotopy
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Ammonotelic
3 germ layers
49. 1. Most variation caused by neutral changes - do not confer advantage or disadvantage. 2. Since netural mutation is constant - can be used as a molecular clock to calculate divergence btwn species. 3. Neutral mutations not dependent on population siz
3 germ layers
Lateral gene transfer
Hemodialysis
Neutral Theory
50. 1. Must consume more food - run risk of overheating (hyperthermia) - restricted to water plentiful environments
3 disadvantages of endotherms
Gene Flow
Population
Microevolution
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