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Test your basic knowledge |
Bio 101: Harvard
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Liver converts no carbs into glucose (lipolysis-fatty acids and glycerol to glucose)
Excess Glucose
Allele frequency
Gluconeogenesis
Major blood buffer
2. Trait with true indicator of ability to survive in local environment ie bull frogs lifespan can be determined by its size which determines how low it's voice is
Osmoregulators
Honest signal
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Nephron
3. Heat transfer when two objects come into direct contact (icepack on sprained ankle)
Conduction
Heterochrony
Glomerulus
Population
4. The number of osmoles of solute particles per liter of solvent - must be maintained between extracellular and intracellular fluid or cells can change volume and burst/die
Behavioral thermoregulatory adaptation
Osmoconformers
Intrasexual Selection
Osmolarity
5. Harmful mutation
Neutral Theory
Deleterious
Osmoregulators
Genotype frequency
6. MR= K(Tb-Ta) K is the slope of thermal conductancce - how readily the animal loses heat
Directional selection
Habitat patches
MR equation
Cold fish vs hot fish
7. Conversion of chemical bond energy in nutrients into the chemical bond energy in ATP - and use of ATP to do work produces heat as byproduct
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Metabolism
Phenotype
8. Product of protein and nucleic acid degradation: 1. Ammonia (NH3) - 2. Urea (lose lots of water)-humans are ureotelic - 3. Uric acid (lose little water)
Selfing
Adaptation
Nitrogenous wastes
Glucose Transporters
9. Humans do this through clothing
Bowman's capsule
Selfing
Allele frequency formula
Thermal insulation
10. Thermostat of the brain (when cooled - constricts blood vessels in skin and increases metabolic heat production= body temp increases)
Heat budget equation
Heterotopy
Hypothalamus
Fitness
11. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Vasa recta
Electrolytes
Positive feedback
Endotherms
12. Several loci
Conduction
Post absorptive stage
Alleles
Quantitative
13. Heat production = volume - but heat loss= Surface Area
Metabolism
Size in BMR
Heat budget equation
Genome size
14. The creation of bimodal distribution (both extremes favored) ie Bird bills
Thermal insulation
Disruptive selection
Size in BMR
Evaporation
15. Generate their own heat - maintain relatively constant body temperature - BMR measured in thermoneutral zone (birds and mammals)
Major blood buffer
Cold fish vs hot fish
Diploid
Endotherms
16. When a few pioneers colonize a new region - they possess fewer alleles than their source population creating a bottleneck effect
Hypoglycemia
Founder effect
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Diploid
17. Heat in must equal heat out - or body temperature changes (metabolism + Rabs= Rout+convection - conduction and evaporation)
Calorie
Psuedogenes
Heat budget equation
Intracellular fluid
18. Functional unit of kidney - millions per - renal corpuscle forms filtrate - tubule performs secretion and reabsorption
Nephron
Macroevolution
Osmoregulators
Population density
19. Neurons (generate and conduct electrical signals) and glial cells (release chemical signals)
Homeostasis
Nervous tissue
Metanephridia
Glucose Transporters
20. High denisty of mitochodira abnd blood vessels (good at non shivering thermogensis)
Obligatory Exchanges
Heterozygote populations
P53
Brown fat
21. Outcrops of species due to suitable habitats separated by areas of unsuitable habitat
Intracellular fluid
Homeostasis
Habitat patches
Adaptation
22. Glucose-used to syntheisize ATP (and triglycerides) - galactose - and fructose
Brown fat
Leptin
Osmolarity
Chief monomers absorbed
23. (GLUTS) move to surface - inhibit glycogenolysis and gluconeogensis
Glucose Transporters
Excretory organs
Aldosterone
Nucleotide Substitution
24. Tissues other than skeletal muscles produce metabolic heat by uncoulping oxidative phosphorylation (burn fuel without producing ATP)
Non shivering thermogensis
Insulin
Metabolism
Radiation
25. Proportion of allele in population
Habitat
Hypothalamus
Allele frequency
Metabolic rate
26. Change in a single nucleotide in a DnA sequence
Adaptation
Electrolytes
Daily torpor
Nucleotide Substitution
27. What organisms look like and how they behave
Phenotype
Obesity
Mutation
MR equation
28. Prolonged energy source for many tissues - and brain - less protein breakdown required
Why Hardy Weinberg is Important
Metabolic rate
Genotype frequency
Ketones
29. Extracellular fluid - including blood/plasma (Allow cells to take in nutrients and remove waste)
Ammonotelic
Positive feedback
Satiation
Interstitial fluid
30. Region where species are found (densities are zero elsewhere)
Evolutionary trend
Lipoprotein lipase
Geographic Range
Allele frequency
31. Taken up by all body cells - used to synthesize proteins - excess converted into fatty acids and then triglycerides
Genome size
Absorbed amino acids
Convection
Muller's Ratchet
32. Shifts mean towards one extreme (positive selection) ie long horned cows
Daily torpor
Lower critical temperature
Directional selection
Bowman's capsule
33. Heat transfers from warmer objects to cooler ones via infrared radiation (radiation absorbed or emitted)
Brown fat
Natural selection
Radiation
Artificial selection
34. Amplifies deviation frokm set point
Positive feedback
Macroevolution
Connective tissue
Adaptation
35. Below TNZ must increase metabolic heat production (shivering increase four times above BMR)
Basal Metabolic Rate
Excretory organs
Lower critical temperature
Chief monomers absorbed
36. Inherited but no use (whale pelvis)
Epithelial tissue
Osmoconformers
Ammonotelic
Vestigial structures
37. Change in allele frequencies that occur over time in a population
Tubule
Microevolution
Absorbed amino acids
Adaptation
38. Location (pelvis in fish)-- Where gene effects - BMP4 causing webs to apoptosis
Interstitial fluid
Silent substitution
Heterotopy
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ)
39. Occurs when GI tract is empty of nutrients so body's stores are used
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Osmoconformers
Post absorptive stage
Hypoglycemia
40. Changes set point altogether (being awake - daytime activity - disease - skin temperature)
Kidney
Feedforward information
Thermal insulation
Gastrulation
41. Cluster of interconnected fenestrated capillaries - supplied by afferent arteriole - drained by efferent arteriole - podocytes form filatration slits
Glomerulus
Adaptation
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Basal Metabolic Rate
42. Fluctuating temperatures
Vestigial structures
Gene duplication
Heterochrony
Heterotherms
43. Found in many animals and prevents cancer - an ortholog
P53
Interstitial fluid
Ectotherms
Mutation
44. Stored as either glycogen in liver or as triglycerides
Excess Glucose
Heat budget equation
Homeotherms
Osmoconformers
45. 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm
3 germ layers
Fever
Heterotopy
Calorie
46. Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs
Hypothalamus
Absorbed amino acids
Dobzhansky Muller Model
Glycogenolysis
47. Actively regulate osmolarity of their extracellular fluid (300 Mosm/L)
Exon shuffling
Basal Metabolic Rate
Osmoregulators
Homeostasis
48. Too large to diffuse across plasma membrane so they are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids - diffused through epithelial cells - re-synthesized into triglycerides - packaged into chylomicrons for lymph & blood transport
Absorbed triglycerides
Non shivering thermogensis
Aldosterone
Absorptive phase
49. Heat transfers away from a sruface due to evaporation (expensive to sweat and pant - burn more calories)
Evaporation
Ammonotelic
Disruptive selection
Phenotype
50. Most of the water in an animal's body located within its cells
Phenotype
Intracellular fluid
Diploid
Temperature sensitivity