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Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Explain how a guard cell opens and closes the stoma?
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
grasslands
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
prickles

2. The fleshy edible part of the strawberry is actually the ____?
pericarp
mychorizea
endodermis
pith

3. The type of root system found in a dicot is a ___?
rain
receptacle
taproots
casperian strips

4. A primary function of traechids is ___?
leave the cell
Irish (white) potato
water conduction
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans

5. A farmer finds that his landin the wetbottoms during an exceptionally wet year produced a very poor crop as most of the plants died. What could've been the problem?

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6. Which of the following is a specialized root for storage?
vessels
axillary buds
tungor
bulb

7. When humidity is high - ____?
transpiration rates decrease
NADPH
axillary bud and leaf
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil

8. Which of the following is a critical part of a seed providing nutrition for the embryo?
stigma
radicle
vascular cambium
cotyledon

9. Cells produced by the vascular cambium include ___?
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
prickles
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die

10. The ground tissue of monocots is composed of ___?
parenchyma
mycoorhizae
false
dioecious; staminate

11. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis?
digitalis
more stomata on the upper surface
bracts
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

12. The 'eyes' of the Irish potato are actually ___?
chloroplasts
auxillary
stolon/runner
tungor

13. If the concentration of solutes outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside - water will _____?
diffuse out
prickles
stolon/runner
ovary

14. The ovay wall of a ferilized flower usually develops into What is referred to as ____?
phelloderm
fruit
it has the seeds and all 4 parts of a flower would classify it as a fruit instead of a vegetable
horizon E

15. Why is visible light good energy to use for photsynthesis?

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16. Horizontal stems that grow just below the surface of the soil are called ____?
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
rhizomes
stigma
K

17. Briefly describe the development of vascular tissu by the lateral/vascular cambium of a stem and how that results in the production of wood?
cotyledon
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
ovule
the presence of nodes and internodes

18. Not a specialized leaf?
apical meristem
modified stems
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
Irish potato

19. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the ___?
3 carbon pathway
transpiration rates increase
tap - fiblous
imbibition

20. The endodermis works to direct water through its cells by having the presence of a waxy layer of suberin called the ____ around its cells n only one plane?
having a special covering called the root cap
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
aerobic
casperian strips

21. This tissue (region) is present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots?
antenna pigments
potassium
loam
pith

22. Roots differ from stems in ___?
endodermis
all of the above are correct
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
compound - simple

23. A leaf with leaflets is classified as a ____ leaf while a leaf with a single blade is classified as a ____ leaf?
compound - simple
parenchyma
superia
internode

24. A cactus is classified as a modified ____?
stem
phloem
pericarp
casperian strips

25. Most of the flesh of pomes comes from the ____?
root cap - zone of elongation - maturation - division
callyx/corolla
the presence of nodes and internodes
compound - simple

26. This cell type is important in monocot and dicot roots by helping to regulate what gets into the ___?
endodermis
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
rhizomes
phloem

27. An advantage to tap roots is that they ____?
transpiration rates decrease
more stomata on the upper surface
K
penetrate very deeply to underground water reservoirs

28. White the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis indicating which parts are for the light dependent stage and which are part of the light independent stage?
modified stems
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2
fig
cortex

29. Which biome has the worst 'A' horizon?
rhizomes
endodermis
turgor pressure
desert

30. Which of the following would NOT be part of the stele?
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
root cap - zone of elongation - maturation - division
cortex
transpiration rates increase

31. The final electron acceptor during the process of cellular respiration is ___?
oxygen
exocarp
base of grass leaves
visible light is good because it's not as intense so that it will burn the plant - but it is still intense enough to produce plenty of energy

32. When the calyx - corolla and stamen of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary - the ovary is said to be ___?
eristems
chloroplasts
vascular bundles
inferior

33. Which pair goes along with pollination?
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
pollen:stigma
transpiration rates increase
Irish (white) potato

34. At present the most widely accepted theory for movement of substances in the phloem is called the ____?
stigma
pressure-flow hypothesis
3 carbon pathway
lose

35. The layer of chlorenchyma cells oriented to capture optimum sunlight at the top of the leaf are the ____?
upper epidermal cells
false
compound - simple
water molecules

36. A structure in the axil of an attached leaf that is apable of future growth to form a branch shoot is the ____?
axillary bud
transpiration
more stomata on the upper surface
ovule

37. These 'showy' modified leaves are found at the base of flowers and usually draw attention to the smaller real flowers?
diffuse out
3 carbon pathway
cotyledon
bracts

38. The discrete paches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called ____?
vascular bundles
water molecules
vascular cambium
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans

39. Not a specialized stem?
cassava
phelloderm
sweet potato
pneumatophoves

40. Which of the following is part of the embryo of the seed?
radicle
visible light is good because it's not as intense so that it will burn the plant - but it is still intense enough to produce plenty of energy
chollenchyma
root hairs

41. One year's growth of xylem in secondary wood is referred to as an ____?
it has the seeds and all 4 parts of a flower would classify it as a fruit instead of a vegetable
annual ring
sweet potato
internode

42. Plants maintain a constant flow of water from the roots to the leaves through a process very critical to life on land called ____?
internode
transpiration
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
leave the cell

43. The osmotic response of guard cells is governed by the ___ levels in the guard cells?
rhizomes
parenchyma
potassium
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water

44. In which region would an ntercalary meristem be found?
ovules
stolon/runner
base of grass leaves
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions

45. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue between the xylem and the phloem is the ___?
endodermis
transpiration rates increase
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
vascular cambium

46. If the concentration of solutes/salts outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside - water will ____?
Irish potato
terger
leave the cell
bracts

47. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue/cell type between the xylem and the phloem is the _____?
exocarp
vascular cambria
upper epidermal cells
potassium

48. Pressure that develops within a living cell as a result of water entering the cell is called ____?
ovules
tungor
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0
there could've been a high concentration of nutrients - such as salt - surounding the roots making it impossible for osmosis to occur

49. Pollen adheres to a sticky portion of the flower called the ____?
node
fruit
conduction and absorption
stigma

50. If the concentration of solutes inside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the outside - water will _____ the cell?
internode
enter
node
stem