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Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A structure in the axil of an attached leaf that is apable of future growth to form a branch shoot is the ____?
sweet potato
axillary bud
terger
inferior

2. Lignin is found primarily in ___?
sclerenchyma
water molecules
imbibition
manganese

3. Which of the following woud NOT be a part of the vasulcar stele?
cortex
conduction and absorption
guard cell and root hair
vessel elements

4. When the calyx - corolla and stamen of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary - the ovary is said to be ___?
axillary bud and leaf
annual ring
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water
inferior

5. Cells produced by the vascular cambium do NOT include ___?
transpiration rates decrease
parenchyma
pith
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans

6. Which of the following would NOT be part of the stele?
cotyledon
cortex
glycolysis
Irish (white) potato

7. Which soil horizon is the most important agriculturally?
vascular cambium
Irish potato
modified stems
horizon E

8. Strawberries are an example of what kind of modified stem?
root hairs
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
ovule
stolon/runner

9. The ovay wall of a ferilized flower usually develops into What is referred to as ____?
ovary
fruit
annual ring
diffuse out

10. In nature depletion of mineral nutrients in the soil - interference with plant growth by excluding air - and the acceleration of the breakdown of nitrates in the soil is caused by too much ____?
rain
cotyledon
digitalis
3 carbon pathway

11. In which of the following are guard cells (that form stomata) not actively involved?
grows back every year
imbition
sweet potato
penicilin

12. When the calyx - corolla - and stamen of a flower are attached below the overy - the ovary is said to be ___?
endodermis
vascular cambium
superia
receptacle

13. Most of the water that enters a plant via the roots exits the same plant by the process of ____?
aerobic
transpiration
internodes
sweet potato

14. The fungi symbiotically associated with roots are called ___?
grows back every year
mychorizea
callyx/corolla
compound - simple

15. Most of the flesh of pomes comes from the __?
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
receptacle
red light
glycolysis

16. The ___ horizon - also referred to as ____ - is the most imp't agriculturally and deep layers of This is found in the ____ biome?
A - topsoil - grassland
stigma
the presence of nodes and internodes
it has the seeds and all 4 parts of a flower would classify it as a fruit instead of a vegetable

17. Stoma are regulated by guard cells which swell or shrink due to movement of this specific ion in the stomata?
K
annual ring
potassium
pericarp

18. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis?
lose
stolon/runner
chollenchyma
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

19. Which of the following cell types hs food conduction as a primary function?
rhizomes
phloem
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
all of the above are correct

20. Not a specialized leaf?
cotyledon
sweet potato
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
Irish (white) potato

21. Horizontal stems that grow just below the surface of the soil are called ____?
stele
rhizomes
pith
annual ring

22. The longest wavelength of energy reaching the earth from the sun is ___?
sweet potato
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
phloem
red light

23. Which of the following is a specialized root for storage?
penetrate very deeply to underground water reservoirs
bulb
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
ovary

24. Most of the ATP produced in respiration is a result of the movement of H ions across an ATP synthase in the inner membrane of the ____ and is referred to as ____?
absorpion of minerals in solution
chloroplasts
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
mycoorhizae

25. White the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis indicating which parts are for the light dependent stage and which are part of the light independent stage?
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2
Irish potato
vascular bundles
horizon E

26. Ultmately - how is energy moved around and created in living things?
node
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
rhizomes
pericarp

27. When a plant cell loses water and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall - the cell is said to be under going ____?
region of maturation
aerobic
manganese
plasmolysis

28. The skin of most fruits is technically the ____?
auxillary
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
exocarp
vessels

29. The skin of most fruits is technically the ___?
exocarp
vessels
base of grass leaves
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen

30. The ground tissue of monocots is composed of ___?
internode
parenchyma
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
NADPH

31. Which biome has the worst 'A' horizon?
pressure-flow hypothesis
sclerenchyma
desert
A - topsoil - grassland

32. Wood cells are composed primarily of cellulose and ___?
cortex
lignin
internodes
receptacle

33. The part of the flower where seeds are produced is called the ___?
imbition
ovary
stigma
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0

34. Water conducting cels that are open at either end include ___?
transpiration rates decrease
tap - fiblous
vessel elements
water molecules

35. The part of the flower that eventually become seeds are the ___?
ovule
pericarp
potassium
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c

36. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue between the xylem and the phloem is the ___?
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0
node
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
vascular cambium

37. The part of the flower in which seeds are produced is the ___?
parenchyma
parenchyma
diffuse out
ovary

38. A plant with flowers containing stamens but no carpels would be a ___ plant with ____ flowers?
root hairs
the presence of nodes and internodes
dioecious; staminate
K

39. The discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called ___?
apical meristem
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
vascular bundles
inferior

40. The discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in monocot stems are called ____?
tungor
vascular bundles
terger
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

41. Which of the following is a micronutrient in terms of a plant's mineral requirements for growth?
receptacle
glycolysis
desert
manganese

42. Cells produced by the vascular cambium do NOT include ___?
pericarp
phelloderm
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.

43. If the concentration of solutes inside the plant cell is grater than the concentration on the outside - water will move ___?
mychorizea
taproots
into the cell
stigma

44. Grasses - or monocots - are examples of plants with a ____ root system?
fibrous
pericarp
prickles
water conduction

45. A cactus is classified as a modified ____?
exocarp
false
stem
imbibition

46. Because of greater light intensity and heat absorption on the upper surface of the leaf - the lower surface has ____?
grasslands
more stomata on the upper surface
phelloderm
potassium

47. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue between the xylem and phloem is the ____?
cambium
bracts
exocarp
phloem

48. Actively dividing cells can be found in ___?
bracts
eristems
tungor
annuals

49. The leaves of cacti are actually ____?
water molecules
false
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.
prickles

50. Why is visible light good energy to use for photsynthesis?