Test your basic knowledge |

Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In which region would an ntercalary meristem be found?
base of grass leaves
dioecious; staminate
potassium
modified stems

2. Which fruit or seed is dispersed by water?
eristems
region of maturation
pericarp
coconut

3. ____ is the stage of cellular respiration that takes place outside of the mitochondria?
imbibition
conduction and absorption
glycolysis
cellulose

4. Root hairs are found in the region of the root called the ____?
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
K
ovules
region of maturation

5. Strawberries are an example of what kind of modified stem?
radicle
inferior
cotyledon
stolon/runner

6. Pollen adheres to a sticky portion of the flower called the ____?
casperian strips
stigma
deciduous
strawberry

7. Why is visible light good energy to use for photsynthesis?

8. Which of the following is a specialized root?
sweet potato
stamen; anther
grows back every year
parenchyma

9. Name the 4 parts of aflower and briefly explain the process of double fertilization?
stamen; anther
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
vascular bundles
ovule

10. Horizontal stems that grow just below the surface of the soil are called ____?
modified stems
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
ovary
rhizomes

11. Which of the following is not a specialized stem?
annual ring
enter
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
sweet potato

12. The wood of cone bearing trees - softwoods - consists of primary traechids - while the wood of flowering trees - hardwoods - consists of traechids and ____?
vessels
all of the above are correct
K
oxygen

13. Wood cells are composed primarily of lignin and ____?
cellulose
into the cell
water molecules
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die

14. When humidity is low - ___?
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
vessel elements
CHOPKNSCa
transpiration rates can decrease

15. Briefly describe the development of vascular tissu by the lateral/vascular cambium of a stem and how that results in the production of wood?
sclerenchyma
transpiration
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
A - topsoil - grassland

16. Which of the following is part of the embryo of the seed?
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
radicle
sweet potato
stigma

17. Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the ___?
node
pneumatophoves
inferior
guard cell and root hair

18. When humidity is low - ____ ?
phloem
transpiration rates increase
vascular cambium
plasmolysis

19. This structure in the ovary of a flower is responsible for producing a seed?
ovary
it has the seeds and all 4 parts of a flower would classify it as a fruit instead of a vegetable
annual ring
ovule

20. Not a specialized leaf?
taproots
rhizomes
having a special covering called the root cap
Irish potato

21. Roots differ from stems in ___?
taproots
all of the above are correct
root hairs
parenchyma

22. Why do most roots tend to die in soils that contain very high concentrations of salts (or fertilizer)?
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
fig
vessels
vascular cambria

23. The 'eyes' of the Irish potato are actually ____?
axillary buds
terger
having a special covering called the root cap
horizon E

24. The parts of a flower that form male gametes are the ____?
region of maturation
stamen; anther
more stomata on the upper surface
penicilin

25. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis?
into the cell
1
pneumatophoves
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

26. Explain the process by which plants get water from the soil into the leaves?
phloem
potassium
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
root hairs

27. Explain how a guard cell opens and closes the stoma?
chloroplasts
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
receptacle
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0

28. Specialized cells in the vascular tssue of a root responsible for initiating lateral root growth are _____ cells?
apical meristem
vascular bundles
penetrate very deeply to underground water reservoirs
ovule

29. One year's growth of xylem in secondary wood is referred to as an ____?
annual ring
A - topsoil - grassland
vessels
vascular bundles

30. If the concentration of solutes inside the plant cell is grater than the concentration on the outside - water will move ___?
eristems
ovule
stem
into the cell

31. When the calyx - corolla - and stamen of a flower appear to be attached at the top of the ovary - the ovary is said to be ____?
axillary bud and leaf
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
plasmolysis
inferior

32. Explain photorespiration and how the enzyme rubisco plays a major role in that process during photosynthesis?
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
oxygen
into the cell
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

33. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue between the xylem and the phloem is the ___?
vessels
vascular cambium
A - topsoil - grassland
conduction and absorption

34. Which is a type of epidermal cell?
guard cell and root hair
all of the above are correct
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.
A - topsoil - grassland

35. You have a crop that is not doing well and you add a lot of fertilizer to help it out but this causes the crop to do worse. ExplaIn what has happened?
auxillary
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
dioecious; staminate
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20

36. When the calyx - Corolla - and stamens of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary - the ovary is said to be ____?
internode
inferior
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
prickles

37. An example of an aggregate fruit would be the ___?
strawberry
1
sclerenchyma
grows back every year

38. Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the ___?
the presence of nodes and internodes
loam
lose
node

39. A farmer finds that his landin the wetbottoms during an exceptionally wet year produced a very poor crop as most of the plants died. What could've been the problem?

40. Most of the water that enters a plant via the roots leaves the same plant by the process of ____?
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
transpiration
imbibition
red light

41. Why is an Irish/white potato classified as a modified stem?
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water
root hairs
loam
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.

42. If the concentration of solutes outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside - water will _____?
rhizomes
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
vascular cambria
diffuse out

43. Not a specialized leaf?
callyx/corolla
axillary bud and leaf
Irish (white) potato
stele

44. Flowering plants that complete their lie cycles in a single season are called ___?
annuals
transpiration
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
ovary

45. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the ___?
node
all of the above are correct
3 carbon pathway
bulb

46. What obvious characteristic does a deciduous plant exhibit?
grows back every year
pericarp
vascular bundles
casperian strips

47. The skin of most fruits is technically the ____?
node
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2
more stomata on the upper surface
exocarp

48. The discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in monocot stems are called ____?
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
transpiration
vascular bundles
exocarp

49. Not a specialized stem?
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
manganese
all of the above are correct
cassava

50. The endodermis works to direct water through its cells by having the presence of a waxy layer of suberin called the ____ around its cells n only one plane?
casperian strips
modified stems
all of the above are correct
transpiration