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Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pollen is produced in the ____ of a flower?
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
inferior
transpiration rates decrease
anther

2. Which of the following is a root with a specialized function for food storage?
guard cells
sweet potato
annuals
mitochondria - chemiosmosis

3. The osmotic response of guard cells is governed by ____ levels in the guard cells?
potassium
grows back every year
ovary
mycoorhizae

4. Horizontal stems that grow just below the surface of the soil are called ____?
superia
rhizomes
chloroplasts
base of grass leaves

5. Stems differ from roots in ___?
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2
having a special covering called the root cap
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
region of maturation

6. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis?
pericarp
transpiration rates increase
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
receptacle

7. When humidity is low - ___?
transpiration rates can decrease
Irish (white) potato
guard cell and root hair
cotyledon

8. A primary function of traechids is ___?
water conduction
ovule
ovule
pith

9. Why do most roots tend to die in soils that contain very high concentrations of salts (or fertilizer)?
vascular cambria
fig
guard cell and root hair
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die

10. The endodermis works to direct water through its cells by having the presence of a waxy layer of suberin called the ____ around its cells n only one plane?
casperian strips
potassium
vascular bundles
auxillary

11. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the ___?
K
3 carbon pathway
sweet potato
eristems

12. Fruit forms from the ovary wall of a flower referred to a the ___?
callyx/corolla
bracts
sweet potato
pericarp

13. Specialized epidermal cells that increase the surface area for absorption of water are ____?
pericarp
guard cells
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
root hairs

14. White the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis indicating which parts are for the light dependent stage and which are part of the light independent stage?
loam
fruit
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2
the presence of nodes and internodes

15. Not a specialized stem?
visible light is good because it's not as intense so that it will burn the plant - but it is still intense enough to produce plenty of energy
cassava
cortex
chloroplasts

16. Most cacti are __________ where the stem is responsible for the photosynthetic processes in the plant?
tap - fiblous
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
lignin
modified stems

17. A leaf with leaflets is classified as a ____ leaf while a leaf with a single blade is classified as a ____ leaf?
water conduction
compound - simple
turgor pressure
penicilin

18. Which biome has the best 'A' horizon?
grasslands
NADPH
more stomata on the upper surface
transpiration

19. This tissue/region is present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots?
ovary
conduction and absorption
pith
vascular cambria

20. Plants maintain a constant flow of water from the roots to the leaves through a process very critical to life on land called ____?
transpiration
internodes
lignin
red light

21. Flowers are usually attached to a special structure at the end of a stem or peduncle called a ___?
annual ring
annuals
receptacle
deciduous

22. The part of the flower in which seeds are produced is the ___?
callyx/corolla
digitalis
inferior
ovary

23. In which region would an ntercalary meristem be found?
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
conduction and absorption
guard cells
base of grass leaves

24. One year's growth of xylem in secondary wood is referred to as an ____?
exocarp
stem
conduction and absorption
annual ring

25. Specialized cells in the vascular tssue of a root responsible for initiating lateral root growth are _____ cells?
bulb
apical meristem
cotyledon
endodermis

26. Strawberries are an example of what kind of modified stem?
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.
cotyledon
stolon/runner
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die

27. The layer of chlorenchyma cells oriented to capture optimum sunlight at the top of the leaf are the ____?
prickles
upper epidermal cells
ovule
into the cell

28. Lignin is found primarily in ___?
tungor
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
sclerenchyma

29. Which soil horizon is the most important agriculturally?
lose
transpiration rates increase
horizon E
loam

30. Which of the following drugs is NOT obtained from leaves?
radicle
eristems
having a special covering called the root cap
penicilin

31. This cell type is important in monocot and dicot roots by helping to regulate what gets into the ___?
node
endodermis
phloem
pressure-flow hypothesis

32. The ground tissue of monocots is composed of ___?
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.
parenchyma
chloroplasts
cortex

33. In addition to anchoring a plant - roots usually function directly in which of the following processes?
absorpion of minerals in solution
CHOPKNSCa
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
transpiration

34. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue/cell type between the xylem and the phloem is the _____?
vascular cambria
callyx/corolla
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
water molecules

35. Pollen adheres to a sticky portion of the flower called the ____?
phelloderm
pericarp
chloroplasts
stigma

36. The part of the flower where seeds are produced is called the ___?
ovary
imbibition
base of grass leaves
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water

37. Actively dividing cells can be found in ___?
base of grass leaves
cellulose
eristems
mitochondria - chemiosmosis

38. What is attached at the node?
exocarp
axillary bud and leaf
cotyledon
potassium

39. Why is an Irish/white potato classified as a modified stem?
transpiration rates can decrease
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
the presence of nodes and internodes
ovule

40. The final electron acceptor during the process of cellular respiration is ___?
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
manganese
oxygen
tungor

41. Which cell types hav the primary function of photosynthesis?
chollenchyma
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
sclerenchyma
absorpion of minerals in solution

42. The part of the flower in which seeds are produced is the ___?
having a special covering called the root cap
transpiration
pericarp
ovary

43. When a plant is fully saturated with water it is said to be high in ___ pressure wheras if it is low in water the plant is said to be flacid.
axillary bud and leaf
terger
sweet potato
phloem

44. In which of the following are guard cells (that form stomata) not actively involved?
imbition
strawberry
cambium
terger

45. Fungi which associate with roots to increase water absorption and mineral uptake are called ____?
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
mycoorhizae
coconut
annuals

46. When the calyx - corolla and stamen of a flower are attached at the top of the ovary - the ovary is said to be ___?
cambium
inferior
root hairs
horizon E

47. You have a crop that is not doing well and you add a lot of fertilizer to help it out but this causes the crop to do worse. ExplaIn what has happened?
cortex
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
there could've been a high concentration of nutrients - such as salt - surounding the roots making it impossible for osmosis to occur
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water

48. Specialized epidermal cells that increase the surface area for absorption of water are ____?
root hairs
lignin
water molecules
red light

49. Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the ___?
deciduous
node
lignin
ovules

50. The areas between the location of leaf attachments on the stem are called ___?
internodes
horizon E
root cap - zone of elongation - maturation - division
imbibition