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Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The endodermis works to direct water through its cells by having the presence of a waxy layer of suberin called the ____ around its cells n only one plane?
pith
casperian strips
conduction and absorption
bulb

2. This structure in the ovary of a flower is responsible for producing a seed?
ovule
stamen; anther
callyx/corolla
upper epidermal cells

3. A cactus is classified as a modified ____?
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
visible light is good because it's not as intense so that it will burn the plant - but it is still intense enough to produce plenty of energy
stem
cotyledon

4. Differentiate between diffusion and osmosis?
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
apical meristem
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
modified stems

5. The part of the flower that eventually become seeds are the ____?
absorpion of minerals in solution
visible light is good because it's not as intense so that it will burn the plant - but it is still intense enough to produce plenty of energy
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
ovules

6. Briefly describe the development of vascular tissu by the lateral/vascular cambium of a stem and how that results in the production of wood?
root cap - zone of elongation - maturation - division
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
region of maturation
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x

7. Stems differ from roots in ___?
having a special covering called the root cap
potassium
node
plasmolysis

8. An advantage to tap roots is that they ____?
penetrate very deeply to underground water reservoirs
transpiration rates increase
auxillary
pith

9. The best soil for plant growth is ___?
loam
pericarp
casperian strips
annual ring

10. Most of the ATP produced in respiration is a result of the movement of H ions across an ATP synthase in the inner membrane of the ____ and is referred to as ____?
water conduction
3 carbon pathway
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
there could've been a high concentration of nutrients - such as salt - surounding the roots making it impossible for osmosis to occur

11. When a plant is fully saturated with water it is said to be high in ___ pressure wheras if it is low in water the plant is said to be flacid.
transpiration
terger
cotyledon
red light

12. A farmer finds that his landin the wetbottoms during an exceptionally wet year produced a very poor crop as most of the plants died. What could've been the problem?

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13. The leaves of cacti are actually ____?
red light
prickles
into the cell
eristems

14. Because of greater light intensity and heat absorption on the upper surface of the leaf - the lower surface has ____?
bulb
stamen; anther
more stomata on the upper surface
K

15. Sugars produced in photosynthesis are loaded intothe ___ of the leaf?
transpiration rates decrease
stamen; anther
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water
phloem

16. The dermal tissues of leaves have wha specialized cells to regulate gas exchange?
anther
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
guard cells
lose

17. Pressure that develops within a living cell as a result of water entering the cell is called ____?
guard cells
upper epidermal cells
tungor
deciduous

18. In a mature - woody dicot stem - the tissue between the xylem and the phloem is the ___?
coconut
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
vascular cambium
penicilin

19. In which region would an ntercalary meristem be found?
stele
imbibition
base of grass leaves
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water

20. The discrete patches of xylem and phloem found in monocot stems are called ____?
vascular bundles
cellulose
pneumatophoves
antenna pigments

21. Roots differ from stems in ___?
all of the above are correct
glycolysis
oxygen
strawberry

22. The final electron acceptor during the process of cellular respiration is ___?
eristems
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
apical meristem
oxygen

23. Most of the flesh of pomes comes from the ____?
prickles
phloem
bracts
callyx/corolla

24. The major regions of a root tip are ____ - ___ - _____ and _____?
cortex
K
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
root cap - zone of elongation - maturation - division

25. Cells produced by the vascular cambium include ___?
inferior
sweet potato
enter
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above

26. The initial step in the germination of a seed is called ____?
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
turgor pressure
imbibition
strawberry

27. Wood cells are composed primarily of lignin and ____?
cellulose
rain
A - topsoil - grassland
parenchyma

28. Why is an Irish/white potato classified as a modified stem?
vascular bundles
chollenchyma
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
ovary

29. One year's growth of xylem in secondary wood is referred to as an _____?
fig
annual ring
vascular cambria
ovary

30. Grasses - or monocots - are examples of plants with a ____ root system?
vascular bundles
fibrous
cellulose
penicilin

31. Not a specialized leaf?
Irish (white) potato
annual ring
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water
oxygen

32. The layer of chlorenchyma cells oriented to capture optimum sunlight at the top of the leaf are the ____?
bracts
upper epidermal cells
lose
chollenchyma

33. What does the term 'C'HOPK'NS CaFe Mighty good' represent?
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
rhizomes

34. A conspicuous organelle at the light microscope level in cells of the palisade mesophyll would be ___?
stigma
stamen; anther
chloroplasts
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)

35. What 8 elements are classified as major/macro elements for plant development?
terger
CHOPKNSCa
vascular bundles
phloem

36. Which of the following would NOT be part of the stele?
A - topsoil - grassland
cortex
pneumatophoves
inferior

37. Most cacti are __________ where the stem is responsible for the photosynthetic processes in the plant?
ovary
sweet potato
transpiration
modified stems

38. Which of the following drugs is NOT obtained from leaves?
coconut
node
into the cell
penicilin

39. The ground tissue of monocots is composed of ___?
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
parenchyma
plasmolysis
potassium

40. During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis - ____?
radicle
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
mychorizea
rhizomes

41. Specialized epidermal cells that increase the surface area for absorption of water are ____?
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
antenna pigments
root hairs
having a special covering called the root cap

42. When humidity is high - ____?
cotyledon
transpiration rates decrease
the presence of nodes and internodes
annuals

43. The part of the flower in which seeds are produced is the ___?
taproots
ovary
desert
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c

44. The osmotic response of guard cells is governed by the ___ levels in the guard cells?
digitalis
annual ring
having a special covering called the root cap
potassium

45. Which of the following woud NOT be a part of the vasulcar stele?
chloroplasts
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
internode
cortex

46. Which of the following cell types hs food conduction as a primary function?
diffuse out
vessel elements
base of grass leaves
phloem

47. Not a specialized stem?
stamen; anther
vascular cambium
ovules
cassava

48. The ___ horizon - also referred to as ____ - is the most imp't agriculturally and deep layers of This is found in the ____ biome?
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
vessel elements
A - topsoil - grassland
sweet potato

49. Which of the following is part of the embryo of the seed?
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
radicle
guard cell and root hair

50. The parts of a flower that form male gametes are the ____?
parenchyma
stamen; anther
transpiration rates increase
red light