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Botany Basics

Subject : science

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Photosystem pigments that function in gathering and passing light energy to reaction-center molecules are called ___?
it has node marks all over it where branches could grow off of.
potassium
antenna pigments
base of grass leaves

2. Explain how a guard cell opens and closes the stoma?
taproots
penetrate very deeply to underground water reservoirs
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
dioecious; staminate

3. The fleshy edible part of the strawberry is actually the ____?
annuals
pericarp
compound - simple
more stomata on the upper surface

4. Which of the following is not a specialized stem?
sweet potato
annuals
receptacle
casperian strips

5. Pressure that develops within a living cell as a result of water entering the cell is called ____?
tungor
transpiration rates increase
casperian strips
potassium

6. Stoma are regulated by guard cells which swell or shrink due to movement of this specific ion in the stomata?
glycolysis
K
deciduous
all of the above are correct

7. White the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis indicating which parts are for the light dependent stage and which are part of the light independent stage?
rain
auxillary
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions
h20+co@-->chlorophyl/light-->glucose (sugar) + o2

8. The layer of chlorenchyma cells oriented to capture optimum sunlight at the top of the leaf are the ____?
A - topsoil - grassland
stem
upper epidermal cells
cotyledon

9. Explain why a cucumber or tomato really should be referred to as a fruit?
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
it has the seeds and all 4 parts of a flower would classify it as a fruit instead of a vegetable
stele
radicle

10. Leaves and buds are attached to the stem at the ___?
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die
chollenchyma
node

11. Cells produced by the vascular cambium do NOT include ___?
grows back every year
phloem
vessels conduct sugars - traechids conduct water
parenchyma

12. The part of the flower in which seeds are produced is the ___?
grasslands
Irish (white) potato
ovary
through a series of metabolic reactions and electrons transferring energy to different forms in redox reactions

13. Which of the following would NOT be part of the stele?
stolon/runner
root hairs
coconut
cortex

14. One year's growth of xylem in secondary wood is referred to as an _____?
water molecules are split - through the energy of light - into hydrogen ions - electrons - and oxygen
callyx/corolla
annual ring
grasslands

15. Plants maintain a constant flow of water from the roots to the leaves through a process very critical to life on land called ____?
transpiration
water conduction
tungor
cotyledon

16. The main 'job' of the root is ____?
conduction and absorption
enter
water molecules
absorpion of minerals in solution

17. The best soil for plant growth is ___?
taproots
Irish (white) potato
upper epidermal cells
loam

18. Why do most roots tend to die in soils that contain very high concentrations of salts (or fertilizer)?
auxillary
CHOPKNSCa
cellulose
If there is a higher concentration of salts outside of the root - then water will not move inside the roots against the concentration gradient. the roots will dehydrate and eventually die

19. The endodermis works to direct water through its cells by having the presence of a waxy layer of suberin called the ____ around its cells n only one plane?
casperian strips
false
water conduction
transpiration

20. A plant placed in a beaker of salt water will ____?
lose
eristems
axillary bud and leaf
grows back every year

21. The oxygen liberated by green plants during photosynthesis comes from ___?
water conduction
transpiration rates increase
water molecules
the presence of nodes and internodes

22. When humidity is low - ___?
leave the cell
sweet potato
transpiration rates can decrease
compound - simple

23. As best as you can - briefly describe the development of vascular tissue by the lateral/vascular cambium of a stem and how that results in the production of wood?
auxillary
cortex
mitochondria - chemiosmosis
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.

24. Which of the following drugs are NOT obtained from leaves?
digitalis
anther
imbibition
1

25. What 8 elements are classified as major/macro elements for plant development?
CHOPKNSCa
axillary buds
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above
ovules

26. A structure in the axil of an attached leaf that is apable of future growth to form a branch shoot is the ____?
K
the presence of nodes and internodes
axillary bud
there could've been a high concentration of nutrients - such as salt - surounding the roots making it impossible for osmosis to occur

27. The fungi symbiotically associated with roots are called ___?
mychorizea
root hairs
pericarp
aerobic

28. Wood cells are composed primarily of lignin and ____?
cellulose
mycoorhizae
guard cell and root hair
auxillary

29. Which of the following is a specialized root for storage?
bulb
base of grass leaves
lose
root hairs

30. Lignin is found primarily in ___?
transpiration
aerobic
sclerenchyma
traechids - vessel elements - companion cells - sieve-tube elements- all of the above

31. Which of the following is part of the embryo of the seed?
dioecious; staminate
potassium
annual ring
radicle

32. In which of the following are guard cells (that form stomata) not actively involved?
imbition
sweet potato
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration
bulb

33. Which of the following is a micronutrient in terms of a plant's mineral requirements for growth?
guard cells
manganese
fruit
diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration; osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration

34. The leaves of cacti are actually ____?
prickles
pneumatophoves
concentration outside roots causes plant to lose h20
having a special covering called the root cap

35. An example of an aggregate fruit would be the ___?
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr
strawberry
radicle
chloroplasts

36. Not a specialized leaf?
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0
Irish potato
to open - potassium will enter the guard cell. then the guard cell will swell and attract water to the stomata - or area of high concentration. Once the plant has enough water - potassium will diffuse out - the guard cells will shrink - and finally c
vascular bundles

37. Flowers are usually attached to a special structure at the end of a stem or peduncle called a ___?
receptacle
axillary buds
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
phloem

38. Roots differ from stems in ___?
grasslands
all of the above are correct
major elements vegetation requires for growth (macronutrients)
the root hairs on the root tips absorb water into the soil through osmosis. this water travels up the roots - up the stems - and to the leaves throughout the plant by capillary action. once absored in leaves - the water leaves the plant through trans

39. The spines of cacti are specially adapted to perform 2 imp't functions for the plant - transpiration and photosynthesis. True or false?
modified stems
inferior
false
pressure-flow hypothesis

40. The discrete paches of xylem and phloem found in herbaceous dicot stems are called ____?
vascular bundles
false
cotyledon
cortex

41. Briefly describe the development of vascular tissu by the lateral/vascular cambium of a stem and how that results in the production of wood?
ovule
CHOPKNSCa
vessels
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x

42. Explain how a guard cell opens and closes the stoma?
The cambium is a ring of undifferentiated cells. Once a cell moves to the outside of the cambium it becomes phloem. When the cells move into the inside of the cambium - the cells become xylem. Xylem cells die - harden and begin expanding with fresh x
the sepal - petal - stamen - pistil are the 4 main parts. in double fertilization - the pollen grain produces 2 sperm cells which travel as pollen to the stigma and down the style ofthe pistil to the ovary. One will fertilize an egg in the ovary whil
vascular bundles
high turgor pressure opens Kt-->0. low turgor pressure close 0

43. This tissue/region is present in monocot roots but absent in dicot roots?
pith
mycoorhizae
bracts
the vascular cambium produces both secondary xylem and secondary phloem - or vascular tissue. The secondary xylem is the wood in dicot plant and lignon surrounds it for support.

44. Which pair goes along with pollination?
ovule
root hairs
potassium
pollen:stigma

45. The Calvin cycle is sometimes referred to as the ___?
glycolysis
exocarp
3 carbon pathway
grasslands

46. If the concentration of solutes/salts outside the plant cell is greater than the concentration on the inside - water will ____?
leave the cell
fruit
potassium
oxygen

47. The part of the flower that eventually become seeds are the ____?
node
imbibition
transpiration rates increase
ovules

48. Explain photorespiration and how the enzyme rubisco plays a major role in that process during photosynthesis?
receptacle
aerobic
terger
photo respiration occurs usually in times of drought. limited water forces the plant to close stomata - therefore blocking co2. with lo concentrations of co2 and high concentrations of 02 - the enzyme rubisco starts to bind 02 instead of co2. this pr

49. Which soil horizon is the most important agriculturally?
horizon E
vessel elements
internode
ovary

50. Which cell type is responsible for transporting sugars in a plant?
imbibition
axillary bud and leaf
cassava
phloem