Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Post surgery or chemotherapy - Goal to reduce risk of local recurrence






2. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






3. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






4. The use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells -Multi-agent regimens superior to single drug administration -Can be used pre-op -Mainstay of therapy






5. Cure - Control - palliation (pain relive)






6. The ER and PR status of the tumor -The measures of proliferative capacity of the tumor -Her2/neu gene amplification.






7. Spread of cancer to other organs. Eg:- in colon ->muscularis-> into ovaries






8. Strictly regulated -Predetermined to differentiate into specific cell type -Controlled cell death (apoptosis) & proliferation -Contact inhibition -Cell surface adherence-Inability to wander






9. Primary Therapy -Neoadjuvant -Adjuvant (with something) -Prophylaxis -Disease Control -Palliation






10. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






11. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






12. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






13. Code for proteins to turn off cell growth - loss of function - Recessive






14. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






15. Distinguishing the mutant cell (appearance & differentiation) aka histology






16. A permanent change in a DNA nucleotide sequence can be spontaneously or caused by mutagens






17. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






18. Extent of disease






19. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






20. Post surgery or chemotherapy - Goal to reduce risk of local recurrence






21. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






22. Tumor cell to elicit and immune response






23. Limit Growth






24. To prevent future development in high risk areas






25. Code for proteins to turn off cell growth - loss of function - Recessive






26. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






27. Grade 1-4 - grade by cell when we can't tell where its from






28. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






29. Breast cancer - non-hodgkin's lymphoma






30. Polypeptides that influence cell growth






31. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells






32. What cell is is? - How agressive?






33. Routine mammography-Digital mammography -Clinical breast examination -Breast self examination






34. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






35. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






36. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






37. Tumor cell to elicit and immune response






38. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






39. Polypeptides that influence cell growth






40. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells






41. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






42. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






43. Cancer stays in one place






44. Malignant transformation causing mutation of DNA Can be caused by: -Inherited mutation during DNA replication -Exposure to chemical - radiation - or virus (Carcinogens) -Cancer related genes






45. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






46. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






47. Major cause is smoking






48. Blood - Lymph - Direct extension






49. Immediate post-Op assessments and cares (per hospital policy) -Pain management -Monitor for complications (e.g. infection) -Reinforce post-op self-cares (tubes - site - etc)-Assess psychosocial response -Assess for body image fears






50. Spread of cancer to other organs. Eg:- in colon ->muscularis-> into ovaries