Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stage 1: Early disease - Stage 2: Locally advanced disease - Stage 3: Advanced disease - Stage 4: widespread disease

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2. Surgery - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Biotherapy - Hormonal therapy






3. Primary Therapy -Neoadjuvant -Adjuvant (with something) -Prophylaxis -Disease Control -Palliation






4. 66%






5. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






6. Major cause is smoking






7. Grade 1-4 - grade by cell when we can't tell where its from






8. The disease involves lymph nodes both above & below the diaphragm.






9. Major cause is smoking






10. 66%






11. Based on spread of disease staging -Tumor Node Metastasis classification system -Stage 0-4






12. Brachytherapy -Sources are placed directly into tumor or in close proximity (e.g. lung - cervical - prostate)






13. Cancer cells that go to other parts of the body






14. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






15. Different drugs to affect periods of cell cycle






16. Begins in bone - cartilage - fat - muscle - blood vessels - or other connective or supportive tissue






17. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






18. Breast cancer

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19. Cells are immature and primitive - Origin of cells difficult to determine






20. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






21. The use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells -Multi-agent regimens superior to single drug administration -Can be used pre-op -Mainstay of therapy






22. Different drugs to affect periods of cell cycle






23. Cells more abnormal - moderately differentiated






24. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






25. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






26. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






27. Begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord






28. Intravenous -Intraarterial -Intrapeitoneal -Intrathecal:into spinal canal -Intravesical Bladder -Oral






29. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






30. Burkitt's Lymphoma -Hodgkin's Lymphoma -Testicular cancer






31. Malignant transformation causing mutation of DNA Can be caused by: -Inherited mutation during DNA replication -Exposure to chemical - radiation - or virus (Carcinogens) -Cancer related genes






32. Final stage -Increased growth rate of tumor -Increased invasiveness -Detectable mass= 1 cm and 1 billion cells






33. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






34. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






35. The use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells -Multi-agent regimens superior to single drug administration -Can be used pre-op -Mainstay of therapy






36. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






37. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






38. Begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord






39. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






40. Brachytherapy -Sources are placed directly into tumor or in close proximity (e.g. lung - cervical - prostate)






41. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






42. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






43. Post surgery or chemotherapy - Goal to reduce risk of local recurrence






44. Distinguishing the mutant cell (appearance & differentiation) aka histology






45. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






46. The cancer is found in two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphram






47. Used in Prevention - determine the diagnostic and treatment plan (clinical staging) - Cure and or control of cancer - Supportive care - Rehabilitation - Palliation of symptoms - Diagnosis (biopsy)






48. Tumor cell to elicit and immune response






49. High cost sharing -Caps on benefits -Life time maximums -High health care costs if too sick to work -Waiting periods -Strict restrictions on eligibility -Premiums too expensive to afford. Uninsured and COBRA (makes your insurance go up)






50. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis