Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breast cancer - non-hodgkin's lymphoma






2. Lung - Lyrnyx - Esophagus - pancreas - mouth - stomach - leukemia - bladder - kidney - cervix






3. Malignant transformation causing mutation of DNA Can be caused by: -Inherited mutation during DNA replication -Exposure to chemical - radiation - or virus (Carcinogens) -Cancer related genes






4. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






5. The ER and PR status of the tumor -The measures of proliferative capacity of the tumor -Her2/neu gene amplification.






6. Begins in bone - cartilage - fat - muscle - blood vessels - or other connective or supportive tissue






7. Post surgery or chemotherapy - Goal to reduce risk of local recurrence






8. Brachytherapy -Sources are placed directly into tumor or in close proximity (e.g. lung - cervical - prostate)






9. Burkitt's Lymphoma -Hodgkin's Lymphoma -Testicular cancer






10. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






11. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






12. Surgery - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Biotherapy - Hormonal therapy






13. Preoperative with or without chemotherapy - Goal to shrink tumor before surgery






14. The cancer is found in two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphram






15. Polypeptides that influence cell growth






16. Major cause is smoking






17. Begin in the cells of the immune system






18. Medication that caused birth defects by cutting off blood supply - now trying to use it to cut off angiogenesis






19. 1st to occur because heart and brain are very important organs






20. Medication that caused birth defects by cutting off blood supply - now trying to use it to cut off angiogenesis






21. Extent of disease






22. Mimic body's immune system






23. 1st to occur because heart and brain are very important organs






24. Mimic body's immune system






25. Burkitt's Lymphoma -Hodgkin's Lymphoma -Testicular cancer






26. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






27. Starts in blood forming tissue such as bone marrow






28. Begin in the cells of the immune system






29. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






30. Stage 1: Early disease - Stage 2: Locally advanced disease - Stage 3: Advanced disease - Stage 4: widespread disease

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31. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






32. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






33. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






34. Cells are immature and primitive - Origin of cells difficult to determine






35. What cell is is? - How agressive?






36. The cancer is found only in a single lymph node region or one organ or area outside the lymph node






37. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






38. Code for proteins to turn off cell growth - loss of function - Recessive






39. Different drugs to affect periods of cell cycle






40. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-> Cervical cancer Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-> Liver cancer HIV->Capoze's sarcomaEbstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-> Perkins (rare) lymphoma






41. Cancer cells that go to other parts of the body






42. The disease involves lymph nodes both above & below the diaphragm.






43. Proteins and antigens - Monitor for recurrence






44. Cells differ slightly from normal cells






45. Clinical breast exam -Diagnostic mammography -Ultrasound -Biopsy -MRI -PET (look @ metastatic pattern)=






46. The ER and PR status of the tumor -The measures of proliferative capacity of the tumor -Her2/neu gene amplification.






47. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






48. Cells are very abnormal - Moderately differentiated






49. Starts in blood forming tissue such as bone marrow






50. Routine mammography-Digital mammography -Clinical breast examination -Breast self examination