Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Final stage -Increased growth rate of tumor -Increased invasiveness -Detectable mass= 1 cm and 1 billion cells






2. Starts in blood forming tissue such as bone marrow






3. To prevent future development in high risk areas






4. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






5. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






6. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






7. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






8. Breast cancer

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9. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






10. Lung - Lyrnyx - Esophagus - pancreas - mouth - stomach - leukemia - bladder - kidney - cervix






11. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






12. Breast cancer - non-hodgkin's lymphoma






13. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






14. Grade 1-4 - grade by cell when we can't tell where its from






15. Stage 1: Early disease - Stage 2: Locally advanced disease - Stage 3: Advanced disease - Stage 4: widespread disease

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16. Based on spread of disease staging -Tumor Node Metastasis classification system -Stage 0-4






17. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






18. Breast cancer - non-hodgkin's lymphoma






19. Cells are immature and primitive - Origin of cells difficult to determine






20. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






21. Cells more abnormal - moderately differentiated






22. Mimic body's immune system






23. Distinguishing the mutant cell (appearance & differentiation) aka histology






24. Surgery - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Biotherapy - Hormonal therapy






25. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






26. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






27. Strictly regulated -Predetermined to differentiate into specific cell type -Controlled cell death (apoptosis) & proliferation -Contact inhibition -Cell surface adherence-Inability to wander






28. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






29. Cancer stays in one place






30. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






31. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






32. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






33. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






34. Spread of cancer to other organs. Eg:- in colon ->muscularis-> into ovaries






35. 66%






36. Intravenous -Intraarterial -Intrapeitoneal -Intrathecal:into spinal canal -Intravesical Bladder -Oral






37. Cells differ slightly from normal cells






38. A permanent change in a DNA nucleotide sequence can be spontaneously or caused by mutagens






39. The cancer is found in two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphram






40. Begin in the cells of the immune system






41. The disease involves lymph nodes both above & below the diaphragm.






42. Immediate post-Op assessments and cares (per hospital policy) -Pain management -Monitor for complications (e.g. infection) -Reinforce post-op self-cares (tubes - site - etc)-Assess psychosocial response -Assess for body image fears






43. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






44. The disease involves lymph nodes both above & below the diaphragm.






45. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






46. The age & menopausal status of patient -The stage of the disease






47. Blood - Lymph - Direct extension






48. Extent of disease






49. The lymphoma has advanced beyond the lymph nodes and spleen and has spread to one or more organs such as bone - bone marrow skin or liver.






50. The use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells -Multi-agent regimens superior to single drug administration -Can be used pre-op -Mainstay of therapy