Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cancer cells that go to other parts of the body






2. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






3. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






4. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






5. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






6. Surgery - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Biotherapy - Hormonal therapy






7. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






8. Final stage -Increased growth rate of tumor -Increased invasiveness -Detectable mass= 1 cm and 1 billion cells






9. Malignant transformation causing mutation of DNA Can be caused by: -Inherited mutation during DNA replication -Exposure to chemical - radiation - or virus (Carcinogens) -Cancer related genes






10. Tumor cell to elicit and immune response






11. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






12. High cost sharing -Caps on benefits -Life time maximums -High health care costs if too sick to work -Waiting periods -Strict restrictions on eligibility -Premiums too expensive to afford. Uninsured and COBRA (makes your insurance go up)






13. Major cause is smoking






14. Begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord






15. Limit Growth






16. Used in Prevention - determine the diagnostic and treatment plan (clinical staging) - Cure and or control of cancer - Supportive care - Rehabilitation - Palliation of symptoms - Diagnosis (biopsy)






17. 66%






18. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






19. Cells differ slightly from normal cells






20. Begin in the cells of the immune system






21. To prevent future development in high risk areas






22. Extent of disease






23. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






24. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






25. Cells more abnormal - moderately differentiated






26. Starts in blood forming tissue such as bone marrow






27. Spread of cancer from an initial site -Includes: angiogenesis - Invasion - Transport - Immunogenicity - arrest - Establishment of a secondary tumor






28. Distinguishing the mutant cell (appearance & differentiation) aka histology






29. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






30. Polypeptides that influence cell growth






31. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






32. Lung - Lyrnyx - Esophagus - pancreas - mouth - stomach - leukemia - bladder - kidney - cervix






33. 66%






34. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






35. Blood - Lymph - Direct extension






36. Cancer stays in one place






37. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






38. Preoperative with or without chemotherapy - Goal to shrink tumor before surgery






39. Grade 1-4 - grade by cell when we can't tell where its from






40. The cancer is found only in a single lymph node region or one organ or area outside the lymph node






41. Medication that caused birth defects by cutting off blood supply - now trying to use it to cut off angiogenesis






42. High cost sharing -Caps on benefits -Life time maximums -High health care costs if too sick to work -Waiting periods -Strict restrictions on eligibility -Premiums too expensive to afford. Uninsured and COBRA (makes your insurance go up)






43. Extent of disease






44. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






45. Blood - Lymph - Direct extension






46. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






47. Clinical breast exam -Diagnostic mammography -Ultrasound -Biopsy -MRI -PET (look @ metastatic pattern)=






48. Intravenous -Intraarterial -Intrapeitoneal -Intrathecal:into spinal canal -Intravesical Bladder -Oral






49. The age & menopausal status of patient -The stage of the disease






50. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes