Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cells more abnormal - moderately differentiated






2. Depending upon site -skin: dry - itchy - red and irritated - desquamation (skin peeling) -Heart -Bowel & bladder -skin erythema -hyper pigmentation -Itching -Fatigue -Dry or moist desquamation -Edema -Loss of sensation -Pain






3. Blood - Lymph - Direct extension






4. Preoperative with or without chemotherapy - Goal to shrink tumor before surgery






5. Post surgery or chemotherapy - Goal to reduce risk of local recurrence






6. Spread of cancer from an initial site -Includes: angiogenesis - Invasion - Transport - Immunogenicity - arrest - Establishment of a secondary tumor






7. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






8. Primary Therapy -Neoadjuvant -Adjuvant (with something) -Prophylaxis -Disease Control -Palliation






9. Stage 1: Early disease - Stage 2: Locally advanced disease - Stage 3: Advanced disease - Stage 4: widespread disease

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10. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






11. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






12. Different drugs to affect periods of cell cycle






13. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






14. The ER and PR status of the tumor -The measures of proliferative capacity of the tumor -Her2/neu gene amplification.






15. To prevent future development in high risk areas






16. Most common form - Linear accelerator generates ionizing radiation






17. Intravenous -Intraarterial -Intrapeitoneal -Intrathecal:into spinal canal -Intravesical Bladder -Oral






18. Major cause is smoking






19. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






20. High cost sharing -Caps on benefits -Life time maximums -High health care costs if too sick to work -Waiting periods -Strict restrictions on eligibility -Premiums too expensive to afford. Uninsured and COBRA (makes your insurance go up)






21. Given at the same time b/c different mechanisms of action that lower the amount of drugs given-> decrease toxicity






22. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






23. Extent of disease






24. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






25. Lung - Lyrnyx - Esophagus - pancreas - mouth - stomach - leukemia - bladder - kidney - cervix






26. A group of more than 200 diseases characterized by the uncontrolled and unregulated growth of cells -caused by both external and internal factors -second leading cause of death in U.S.






27. Polypeptides that influence cell growth






28. Surgery - Radiation - Chemotherapy - Biotherapy - Hormonal therapy






29. The cancer is found only in a single lymph node region or one organ or area outside the lymph node






30. Begins in bone - cartilage - fat - muscle - blood vessels - or other connective or supportive tissue






31. The use of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells -Multi-agent regimens superior to single drug administration -Can be used pre-op -Mainstay of therapy






32. The cancer is found only in a single lymph node region or one organ or area outside the lymph node






33. Extent of disease






34. Breast cancer

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35. Based on spread of disease staging -Tumor Node Metastasis classification system -Stage 0-4






36. Assist with decision making (teaching) -Assess psychosocial status & needs -Assess understanding of intervention -Reinforce info. about procedure - complications. - hospital procedures - & follow-up management -Educate regarding post-op self cares






37. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






38. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






39. High cost sharing -Caps on benefits -Life time maximums -High health care costs if too sick to work -Waiting periods -Strict restrictions on eligibility -Premiums too expensive to afford. Uninsured and COBRA (makes your insurance go up)






40. Cancer cells that go to other parts of the body






41. Distinguishing the mutant cell (appearance & differentiation) aka histology






42. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






43. Primary Therapy -Neoadjuvant -Adjuvant (with something) -Prophylaxis -Disease Control -Palliation






44. The ER and PR status of the tumor -The measures of proliferative capacity of the tumor -Her2/neu gene amplification.






45. 66%






46. Limit Growth






47. Based on spread of disease staging -Tumor Node Metastasis classification system -Stage 0-4






48. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






49. Most common cancer in American women -Second leading cause of cancer deaths in America -Bracogene defect






50. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl







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