Test your basic knowledge |

Subject : health-sciences
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Begin in the cells of the immune system






2. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






3. Major cause is smoking






4. Code for proteins to turn off cell growth - loss of function - Recessive






5. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells






6. Begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs






7. The cancer is found in two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphram






8. The cancer is found only in a single lymph node region or one organ or area outside the lymph node






9. Secondary effect of an agent -alone may not be able to induce malignancy -some initiators may act as own promoters (cigarette tars) -activities of promoters is reversible






10. 1st to occur because heart and brain are very important organs






11. Stage 1: Early disease - Stage 2: Locally advanced disease - Stage 3: Advanced disease - Stage 4: widespread disease

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12. Tumor cell to elicit and immune response






13. Medication that caused birth defects by cutting off blood supply - now trying to use it to cut off angiogenesis






14. Spread of cancer to other organs. Eg:- in colon ->muscularis-> into ovaries






15. The cancer is found in two or more lymph node regions on one side of the diaphram






16. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






17. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






18. Mimic body's immune system






19. Nausea & Vomiting -Bone marrow suppression -Alopecia: Hair loss -Weight gain or loss -Anorexia -Fatigue -Decline in functional status -Mucositis-'chemo' brain: foggyness that happens post chemo






20. Appearance & degree of differentiation - Grading-> GX-G4






21. Exposure->mutation - Initiation - Promotion - Progression & metastasis






22. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






23. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






24. Begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord






25. Clinical breast exam -Diagnostic mammography -Ultrasound -Biopsy -MRI -PET (look @ metastatic pattern)=






26. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells






27. ~1 -368 -030 new cancer cases are expected to be diagnosed this year~ 563 -650 Americans are expected to die of cancer this year ~ 9.6 million Americans with a history of cancer are alive today






28. Mimic body's immune system






29. Used in Prevention - determine the diagnostic and treatment plan (clinical staging) - Cure and or control of cancer - Supportive care - Rehabilitation - Palliation of symptoms - Diagnosis (biopsy)






30. Medication that caused birth defects by cutting off blood supply - now trying to use it to cut off angiogenesis






31. Advanced age -Benign proliferate disease -Reproductive risk factors -Environmental (radiation & pestisides) -Hormonal factors (oral contraceptives)-Energy expenditure (weight gain - lack of physical activity)-Dietary risk factor: high fat intake & a






32. The age & menopausal status of patient -The stage of the disease






33. A permanent change in a DNA nucleotide sequence can be spontaneously or caused by mutagens






34. The lymphoma has advanced beyond the lymph nodes and spleen and has spread to one or more organs such as bone - bone marrow skin or liver.






35. Inappropriately active versions of proto-oncogens (normal genes before mutation) code for proteins that induce malignant growth by turning on cell division (growth factors)






36. A permanent change in a DNA nucleotide sequence can be spontaneously or caused by mutagens






37. Strictly regulated -Predetermined to differentiate into specific cell type -Controlled cell death (apoptosis) & proliferation -Contact inhibition -Cell surface adherence-Inability to wander






38. Cells are very abnormal - Moderately differentiated






39. Cells more abnormal - moderately differentiated






40. Strictly regulated -Predetermined to differentiate into specific cell type -Controlled cell death (apoptosis) & proliferation -Contact inhibition -Cell surface adherence-Inability to wander






41. -Defect in differentiation-Secrete enzyme to dissolve binding protein fibronectin- no cell surface adherence -Loss of ability to stop dividing- uncontrolled proliferation-Doubling time (exponential growth)-Loss of cell borders -ability to form new bl






42. Malignant transformation causing mutation of DNA Can be caused by: -Inherited mutation during DNA replication -Exposure to chemical - radiation - or virus (Carcinogens) -Cancer related genes






43. Fibrin mesh work protection from host's immune cells






44. Tobacco -1/3 of all new cases of cancer are related to nutrition - physical inactivity and obesity -Radiation (~1 billion new cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed this year)






45. Final stage -Increased growth rate of tumor -Increased invasiveness -Detectable mass= 1 cm and 1 billion cells






46. Proteins and antigens - Monitor for recurrence






47. The disease involves lymph nodes both above & below the diaphragm.






48. Grade 1-4 - grade by cell when we can't tell where its from






49. Mutation - Oncogenes - Tumor suppressor genes






50. Proteins and antigens - Monitor for recurrence






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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