Test your basic knowledge |

CCNP

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the 4 categories of BGP attributes and what do they mean?
EBGP is an adjacency between BGP peers in different AS; iBGP peers are in same AS. BGP
Well-known Mandatory - Must be supported and propagated. Well-known Discretionary - Must be supported; propagation optional. Optional Transitive - Marked as partial if unsupported by neighbor. Option Nontransitive - Deleted is unsuppor
IGMP Snooping - requires special ASICS can degrade performance with it; is supported by multiple vendors. CGMP - Cisco proprietary - only work on Cisco hardware; resource friendly GMRP - Replaced by MRP; obscure Manually - Performance
Language between local router interface and hosts. IGMP - ICMP - similarities TTL is usually 1; RFC states it should never leave local subnet. Creates and maintains group membership for hosts wishing to participate in a multicast grou

2. What are two methods of establishing a gateway of last resort?
When not all routers within a transit AS have consistent routing information - due to not running BGP or misconfiguration or BPG speakers. Routing information is advertised but since not all routers within AS can reach the destination traffic is halt
Default-Network Static route BGP
Contains information on ONE path only Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
Concatenation of the first (high order) 25 bits of the reserved MAC address range with the last (low order)23 bits of the multicast group IP address. 5 bits of overlap allowing for 32 address (2^5) for each multicast MAC address. 25 bits + 23 bits<br

3. What is a BGP peer group?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

4. Explain the path selection process for BGP? What is the order and what preference does it take?
<img src='9618cf01b9422f541fc213b74a3bd9de.png' /> Multicast
WM List of AS numbers pre-pended with a list of AS numbers that the route has traversed and the originating AS at the end. 'Path to 192.168.1.0 is (65500 - 65420 - 65874)' This insures a loop-free environment. If BGP receives a
1. Weight - Administrative preference (Highest) 2. Local Preference - Communicated between peers within AS (Highest) 3. Self-originated - Prefer path originated locally (True) 4. AS Path - Minimize AS hops (Shortest)<
Most applications rely on UDP Security issues Out of order delivery & duplicate packets are a possibility during topology changes. Lack of windowing/congestion control. Multicast

5. What does PIM use for its multicast routing calculations?
The unicast routing table. No routing updates are sent between PIM routers. Multicast
Determines upstream and downstream interfaces. Uses the unicast routing table to insure that only one interface is considered to be and incoming interface for the source. RPF makes sure that if data is looped around is not forwarded. 
Use loopback interface to establish the neighbor. (i.e. peer to a loopback interface) Tell BGP to use the lookback interface as teh source of updates R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 update-source loopback0 BGP
RFC 2236 Leave and join latency resolved Group specific query to G instead of 224.0.0.1 Leave group message Election of querier (lowest IP) on broadcast medium with multiple routers Multicast

6. Name to enhancements to PIM.
Bidirection PIM mode - designed for many to many applications. Source Specific Multicast (SSM) ; builds only source specific shortest path trees. Multicast
EBGP will only peer to direclty connected neighbors and a loopback is considered one hop away. With eBGP peering to a loopback you must enable eBGP Multihop. R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2 BGP
BGP Table - BGP topology database - information BGP Neighbor Table - list of connected neighbors IP Routing Table - Duh. BGP
EBGP is an adjacency between BGP peers in different AS; iBGP peers are in same AS. BGP

7. IOS command to dictate when a leaf router (in PIM-SM) will switch from shared to source tree.
Routes learned through IBPG are never propogated to other IBGP speakers. This is a loop prevention mechanism. BGP
BGP not designed for load balancing (by default). BGP selected the SINGLE best path to a destination and places it in the routing table; the rest are kept in the BGP Table. Paths are chosen based on policy. BGP eliminates paths until one p
Router#(config) ip pim spt-threshold {rate | infinity} [group-list access-list] Multicast
When AS has more than one connection to the Internet it is called multihoming. Inbound reliability Better performance by selecting more optimal paths Multihoming can be to one ISP or to several. BGP

8. What type of protocol is BGP classified as? What is its decision engine?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

9. IOS command to configure router to be a member of an IGMP group or statically connected member.
OT Allows the router to 'tag' and thus implement policy based on this tag. BGP
Member of a group: Router#(config) ip igmp join-group group-address Statically connected: Router#(config) ip igmp join-group group-address In this mode router forwards (fast switches) group packets but itself does not accept group
BGP peer BGP
(S -G) - 'S comma G'; Source sending to the group. Typically reflect a source tree but can appear on a shared tree. Traffic forwarded via the shortest path from the source. (* -G) - 'Star comma G'; Any source sending to the group. Traffic forwar

10. Explain the way RR handles route updates.
One-to-many: video distribution Many-to-many: Collaboration Many-to-one: auction - polling or data collection Few-to-many: auction - polling or data collection Multicast
BGP specifies that it can advertise to its peers in neighboring AS's only routes that it uses. BGP cannot influence how a neighboring AS will route your traffic BUT it can influence how your traffic gets to the neighboring AS. BGP
Update from client peer - sends update to all non-client peers and client peers except for originating peer. Update from non-client peer - send update to all clients in the cluster. Update from EBGP peer - update sent to all client peers an
Well-known Mandatory - Must be supported and propagated. Well-known Discretionary - Must be supported; propagation optional. Optional Transitive - Marked as partial if unsupported by neighbor. Option Nontransitive - Deleted is unsuppor

11. What is the command to configure a BGP RR? 
Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65000 Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-reflector-client BGP
BGP specifies that it can advertise to its peers in neighboring AS's only routes that it uses. BGP cannot influence how a neighboring AS will route your traffic BUT it can influence how your traffic gets to the neighboring AS. BGP
Use loopback interface to establish the neighbor. (i.e. peer to a loopback interface) Tell BGP to use the lookback interface as teh source of updates R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 update-source loopback0 BGP
Partial mesh iBPG is where not all BGP speaks within and AS have an established neighbor relationship. Full mesh is every BGP speaker has a neighbor (peer) with each other. Routing updates are not replcated in iBPG the peers do not pass i

12. What is the signifigance of the neighbor address when establishing BGP neighbor in the context of network that has multiple paths to the neighbor?
The neighbor expects to see the updates from the source address configured in the neighbor statement. BGP
Works if router has multiple parallel paths to a destination. ONLY affect number of routes in IP routing table not the route selected at best in the BGP table. Will load balance across equal cost paths in EGP session. BGP
Variable length sequence of path attributes Attribute Type -1 byte flag field - 1 byte type code Attribute Length Attribute Value Attribute flag field = 0000 0000 W | O - T | N - P | C BGP
BPG will find an exact match. BGP

13. What is the terminology for BGP route reflector?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

14. What is the key difference between how a multicast routing protocol forwards packets versus a unicast routing protocol?
AS-Path Next Hop Origin BGP
WM List of AS numbers pre-pended with a list of AS numbers that the route has traversed and the originating AS at the end. 'Path to 192.168.1.0 is (65500 - 65420 - 65874)' This insures a loop-free environment. If BGP receives a
Unicast uses a routing table looking and forwards towards the destination address. Multicast forwards out multiple interfaces and away from the source and towards multiple destinations using a distribution tree. Multicast
EBGP will only peer to direclty connected neighbors and a loopback is considered one hop away. With eBGP peering to a loopback you must enable eBGP Multihop. R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 ebgp-multihop 2 BGP

15. Name several common local scoped multicast addresses and their purpose.
224.0.0.1 - All systems 224.0.0.2 - All routers 224.0.0.4 - DVMRP routers 224.0.0.5 - All OSPF 224.0.0.6 - All OSPF DR 224.0.0.9 - RIP v2 routers 224.0.0.10 - EIGRP routers 224.0.0.13 - PIM routers 224.0.0.15 -
AS-Path Next Hop Origin BGP
Contains information on ONE path only Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
When not all routers within a transit AS have consistent routing information - due to not running BGP or misconfiguration or BPG speakers. Routing information is advertised but since not all routers within AS can reach the destination traffic is halt

16. What does a 0.0.0.0 signify in the Next Hop column in the BGP Table?
One-to-many: video distribution Many-to-many: Collaboration Many-to-one: auction - polling or data collection Few-to-many: auction - polling or data collection Multicast
Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65000 Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-reflector-client BGP
1. Weight - Administrative preference (Highest) 2. Local Preference - Communicated between peers within AS (Highest) 3. Self-originated - Prefer path originated locally (True) 4. AS Path - Minimize AS hops (Shortest)<
This router originated the route. BGP

17. After the path selection process - What does BGP do with the route?
Places it in the routing table. BGP
Efficiency Performance Scalability with applications Multicast
IGMP Snooping - requires special ASICS can degrade performance with it; is supported by multiple vendors. CGMP - Cisco proprietary - only work on Cisco hardware; resource friendly GMRP - Replaced by MRP; obscure Manually - Performance
TCP port 179 Reliability; uses sliding window Triggered - incremental updates made very efficient BGP

18. Explain the AS-Path attribute.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

19. What entities are responsible for allocating BGP AS numbers?
Determines upstream and downstream interfaces. Uses the unicast routing table to insure that only one interface is considered to be and incoming interface for the source. RPF makes sure that if data is looped around is not forwarded. 
Language between local router interface and hosts. IGMP - ICMP - similarities TTL is usually 1; RFC states it should never leave local subnet. Creates and maintains group membership for hosts wishing to participate in a multicast grou
Unicast uses a routing table looking and forwards towards the destination address. Multicast forwards out multiple interfaces and away from the source and towards multiple destinations using a distribution tree. Multicast
IANA delegates to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs): ARIN - AfriNIC - APNIC - LACNIC and RIPE NCC BGP

20. What are the 3 BGP tables and What is in them?
BGP Table - BGP topology database - information BGP Neighbor Table - list of connected neighbors IP Routing Table - Duh. BGP
1. Weight - Administrative preference (Highest) 2. Local Preference - Communicated between peers within AS (Highest) 3. Self-originated - Prefer path originated locally (True) 4. AS Path - Minimize AS hops (Shortest)<
The is the multicast bit. Multicast
* = Best route > = Route has been inserted into the routing table BGP

21. What does the 'maximum-paths router' command facilitate?
Well know predefined group Directory - sd / SDP Webpage/URL Email link Multicast
Contains information on ONE path only Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
Use loopback interface to establish the neighbor. (i.e. peer to a loopback interface) Tell BGP to use the lookback interface as teh source of updates R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 update-source loopback0 BGP
Works if router has multiple parallel paths to a destination. ONLY affect number of routes in IP routing table not the route selected at best in the BGP table. Will load balance across equal cost paths in EGP session. BGP

22. What is the solution to establishing neighbor relationships when multiple paths exist? What are the command to establish this? What command to tell R1 to use its loopback0 interface as the update source neighbor 192.168.1.1.
The neighbor expects to see the updates from the source address configured in the neighbor statement. BGP
AS-Path Next Hop Origin BGP
Router#(config) router bgp 1 Router#(config-router) neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 1 Router#(config-router) network 192.168.0. mask 255.255.255.0 BGP
Use loopback interface to establish the neighbor. (i.e. peer to a loopback interface) Tell BGP to use the lookback interface as teh source of updates R1(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 update-source loopback0 BGP

23. Name what an update message may include.
Contains information on ONE path only Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
Router#(config) ip pim spt-threshold {rate | infinity} [group-list access-list] Multicast
RFC 2236 Leave and join latency resolved Group specific query to G instead of 224.0.0.1 Leave group message Election of querier (lowest IP) on broadcast medium with multiple routers Multicast
Using a Distribute List to filter outbound routing updates. BGP

24. What is the difference between iBGP and eBGP?
Works if router has multiple parallel paths to a destination. ONLY affect number of routes in IP routing table not the route selected at best in the BGP table. Will load balance across equal cost paths in EGP session. BGP
EBGP is an adjacency between BGP peers in different AS; iBGP peers are in same AS. BGP
O Cisco only. Routes with higher weight are preferred (0 - 65535) . Paths that the router originates have 32768; other paths have default of 0. BGP
It actually determines which networks are advertised. BGP

25. Explain the BGP route decision process? How many routes does it select? Where do they go? Where do the ones go that are not used?
Session description & announcement. Transport session announcement via 224.2.127.254. Creation of new sessions. Multicast
Works if router has multiple parallel paths to a destination. ONLY affect number of routes in IP routing table not the route selected at best in the BGP table. Will load balance across equal cost paths in EGP session. BGP
BGP not designed for load balancing (by default). BGP selected the SINGLE best path to a destination and places it in the routing table; the rest are kept in the BGP Table. Paths are chosen based on policy. BGP eliminates paths until one p
Since IBGP learned routes are never propagate to other IBGP peer - full mesh of IBPG peers is required within an AS. THIS IS NOT SCALABLE. RR allow the propagation of routes learned by IBGP to other IBGP peers without having a full mesh of IBGP

26. What effect does (S -G) and (* -G) entries have on router CPU?
Loopback more resilient than physical interfaces. BGP
WD Dictates which path is preferred to exit the AS. Higher is is preferred - default is 100 on Cisco. Obviously for this to be relevant there must be multiple exit points for the route. 'Influences outbound traffic for an AS' Performance Scalability with applications Multicast
SPT (S -G) consume more memory because there is an entry for each source BUT traffic is sent over optimal path to receiver. Shared distribution tree state entries (* -G) consume less CPU but may take suboptimal path to receiver. Multicast

27. What is the command to configure a BGP RR?
Group of BGP routers being configured that have the same update policy. Similar to a 'template'; members then assigned to the peer group. BGP
Source Tree - Source-based tree's are rooted at the source. Source tree created for each new group. Also called shortest path tree (SPT's). Shared Tree - Single tree that is shared between all sources; single common root called the rendezvous p
Links = n(n-1)/2 BGP
Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65000 Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-reflector-client BGP

28. What are the 6 BGP Neighbor states?
Idle - Router looking in routing table to see if route exists to neighbor. [Active - When no response to Open message] Connect - Router found route to neighbor and has performed the TCP three-way handshake Open Sent
Loopback more resilient than physical interfaces. BGP
224.0.0.1 - All systems 224.0.0.2 - All routers 224.0.0.4 - DVMRP routers 224.0.0.5 - All OSPF 224.0.0.6 - All OSPF DR 224.0.0.9 - RIP v2 routers 224.0.0.10 - EIGRP routers 224.0.0.13 - PIM routers 224.0.0.15 -
Session description & announcement. Transport session announcement via 224.2.127.254. Creation of new sessions. Multicast

29. What is the BGP Synchronization requirement and What does is prevent? When should it be left disabled? When should it be enabled?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

30. What is one mechanism that GURANTEES the BGP AS path is loop free?
IGMP is a layer 3 protocol Switches treat multicast just like broadcast (forward out all ports except the one one which is was received) By definition a pure layer 2 devices do not have a mechanism to see IGMP packets or facilitate the rela
Class D address space First bits are ALWAYS 1110 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Multicast
The router will not accept a routing update that includes its AS number in the path. BGP
BPG will find an exact match. BGP

31. What command used to perform the following: A) Reset all neighbors session ('bounce') B) Soft inbound reset C) Soft outbound reset D) Soft inbound reset of neighbor 10.1.1.1 R1# clear ip bgp R1# clear ip bgp soft
R1# clear ip bgp R1# clear ip bgp soft in R1# clear ip bgp * soft out R1# clear ip bgp 10.1.1.1 soft in BGP
IGMP is a layer 3 protocol Switches treat multicast just like broadcast (forward out all ports except the one one which is was received) By definition a pure layer 2 devices do not have a mechanism to see IGMP packets or facilitate the rela
Efficiency Performance Scalability with applications Multicast
The neighbor expects to see the updates from the source address configured in the neighbor statement. BGP

32. What is the significance of the 8th bit in the MAC address?
Links = n(n-1)/2 BGP
Routes learned through IBPG are never propogated to other IBGP speakers. This is a loop prevention mechanism. BGP
Contains information on ONE path only Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
The is the multicast bit. Multicast

33. What are the administrative distances of eBGP and iBGP?
EBGP = 20 iBGP = 200 BGP
Allow router to operate in sparse mode and dense mode at the same time. Supports multiple RP's and automatic RP selection for each multicast source. Support auto-RP - bootstrap router (BSR) or statically defined RP's with minimal configurat
The Source and Share Tree models are the working model of how the tree is built; all multicast routing protocols fit into one or both. This is the 'theory' or model. PIM-DM's operational falls in the source tree model and PIM-SM is classified an
Session description & announcement. Transport session announcement via 224.2.127.254. Creation of new sessions. Multicast

34. How does Source and Shared Distribution Tree models related to PIM-DM and PIM-SM?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

35. What is the layer 2 multicast address and how is it formed? What potential problem is there with this?
Cisco Proprietary - between router and switch 'Client/Server': Router = CGMP Server - Switch = CGMP Client When router sees IGMP control message it creates a CGMP packet with the mutlicast MAC + client MAC; sends this to 'All CGMP Devices M
Concatenation of the first (high order) 25 bits of the reserved MAC address range with the last (low order)23 bits of the multicast group IP address. 5 bits of overlap allowing for 32 address (2^5) for each multicast MAC address. 25 bits + 23 bits Cisco only. Routes with higher weight are preferred (0 - 65535) . Paths that the router originates have 32768; other paths have default of 0. BGP
Globally: Router(config)# ip multicast-routing Per Interface: Router(config-if)# ip pim dense-mode Enabling PIM on an interface also enables IGMP operation on that interface. Multicast

36. What command will produce the following output and What is it displaying? <img src='5d3c9233dd205ee4319ef0ac2fc07460.jpg' />
When not all routers within a transit AS have consistent routing information - due to not running BGP or misconfiguration or BPG speakers. Routing information is advertised but since not all routers within AS can reach the destination traffic is halt
OT Allows the router to 'tag' and thus implement policy based on this tag. BGP
The BGP Table Command = show ip bgp BGP
Since IBGP learned routes are never propagate to other IBGP peer - full mesh of IBPG peers is required within an AS. THIS IS NOT SCALABLE. RR allow the propagation of routes learned by IBGP to other IBGP peers without having a full mesh of IBGP

37. What are the commands to enable multicast routing on a router?
This router originated the route. BGP
Source Tree - Source-based tree's are rooted at the source. Source tree created for each new group. Also called shortest path tree (SPT's). Shared Tree - Single tree that is shared between all sources; single common root called the rendezvous p
BGP not designed for load balancing (by default). BGP selected the SINGLE best path to a destination and places it in the routing table; the rest are kept in the BGP Table. Paths are chosen based on policy. BGP eliminates paths until one p
Globally: Router(config)# ip multicast-routing Per Interface: Router(config-if)# ip pim dense-mode Enabling PIM on an interface also enables IGMP operation on that interface. Multicast

38. Describe how PIM-SM operates.
Update from client peer - sends update to all non-client peers and client peers except for originating peer. Update from non-client peer - send update to all clients in the cluster. Update from EBGP peer - update sent to all client peers an
The BGP Table Command = show ip bgp BGP
RFC 2362 Pull model - traffic only forwarded to the parts of the network that need it. Sender registers with the RP which is a proxy to group members. Last hop routers to receiver knows the group RP IP address and sends a (* -G) join toward
WD Dictates which path is preferred to exit the AS. Higher is is preferred - default is 100 on Cisco. Obviously for this to be relevant there must be multiple exit points for the route. 'Influences outbound traffic for an AS' ' mean in the BGP table?
The neighbor expects to see the updates from the source address configured in the neighbor statement. BGP
When using the classful method - at least one subnet of the classful range must reside in the IP routing table. When using the classless method the exact subne
Most applications rely on UDP Security issues Out of order delivery & duplicate packets are a possibility during topology changes. Lack of windowing/congestion control. Multicast
* = Best route > = Route has been inserted into the routing table BGP

40. Describe how PIM-Sparse-Dense operates.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

41. What does IGMPv2 add?
BGP not designed for load balancing (by default). BGP selected the SINGLE best path to a destination and places it in the routing table; the rest are kept in the BGP Table. Paths are chosen based on policy. BGP eliminates paths until one p
MOSPF DVMRP CBT PIM Dense Mode PIM Sparse Mode PIM Sparse-Dense Mode Multicast
RFC 2236 Leave and join latency resolved Group specific query to G instead of 224.0.0.1 Leave group message Election of querier (lowest IP) on broadcast medium with multiple routers Multicast
IGMP Snooping - requires special ASICS can degrade performance with it; is supported by multiple vendors. CGMP - Cisco proprietary - only work on Cisco hardware; resource friendly GMRP - Replaced by MRP; obscure Manually - Performance

42. What are some disadvantages of multicast?
WD Dictates which path is preferred to exit the AS. Higher is is preferred - default is 100 on Cisco. Obviously for this to be relevant there must be multiple exit points for the route. 'Influences outbound traffic for an AS' Withdrawn routes - List of IP prefixes for routes being withdrawn. Path attributes - AS-Path - etc. Network layer reachability information - List of IP prefixes reachable by this path. BGP
Most applications rely on UDP Security issues Out of order delivery & duplicate packets are a possibility during topology changes. Lack of windowing/congestion control. Multicast
Class D address space First bits are ALWAYS 1110 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Multicast

43. What are the 4 BGP packet types? What do they contain?
Open - Version - AS - Hold Time - BGP Router ID - Optional Parameters Keepalive - Sent every 60 seconds by default; hold time 180 Seconds. Update - Information on only ONE path; Notification - When error condition detected BGP
Since IBGP learned routes are never propagate to other IBGP peer - full mesh of IBPG peers is required within an AS. THIS IS NOT SCALABLE. RR allow the propagation of routes learned by IBGP to other IBGP peers without having a full mesh of IBGP
Router#show ip igmp interface fa0/0 Multicast
Bidirection PIM mode - designed for many to many applications. Source Specific Multicast (SSM) ; builds only source specific shortest path trees. Multicast

44. What effect will placing a route to null0 have on BGP?
BPG will find an exact match. BGP
Routes learned through IBPG are never propogated to other IBGP speakers. This is a loop prevention mechanism. BGP
Well-known Mandatory - Must be supported and propagated. Well-known Discretionary - Must be supported; propagation optional. Optional Transitive - Marked as partial if unsupported by neighbor. Option Nontransitive - Deleted is unsuppor
Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 65000 Router(config-router)# neighbor 192.168.1.1 route-reflector-client BGP

45. Explain the MED attribute.

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

46. Explain the IGMPv3 membership process and new features.
(S -G) - 'S comma G'; Source sending to the group. Typically reflect a source tree but can appear on a shared tree. Traffic forwarded via the shortest path from the source. (* -G) - 'Star comma G'; Any source sending to the group. Traffic forwar
RFC - 3376 Ability to filter multicast source (can be picky) IGMPv3 membership report goes to 224.0.0.22 and may include the multicast hosts it will accept or deny. Multicast
Session description & announcement. Transport session announcement via 224.2.127.254. Creation of new sessions. Multicast
EBGP is an adjacency between BGP peers in different AS; iBGP peers are in same AS. BGP

47. What are the two multicast distribution tree types models and differences?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

48. What is the command to enable BPG authentication?
Allow router to operate in sparse mode and dense mode at the same time. Supports multiple RP's and automatic RP selection for each multicast source. Support auto-RP - bootstrap router (BSR) or statically defined RP's with minimal configurat
MOSPF DVMRP CBT PIM Dense Mode PIM Sparse Mode PIM Sparse-Dense Mode Multicast
R1(config-router)#neighbor 192.168.1.1 password MyPassword OR R1(config-router)#neighbor MyPeerGroup password MyPassword BGP
Local preference Atomic Aggregate BGP

49. Within the layer 3 multicast address space - name 3 reserved scopes and their purpose.
Well-known Mandatory - Must be supported and propagated. Well-known Discretionary - Must be supported; propagation optional. Optional Transitive - Marked as partial if unsupported by neighbor. Option Nontransitive - Deleted is unsuppor
Router#(config) ip pim spt-threshold {rate | infinity} [group-list access-list] Multicast
* = Best route > = Route has been inserted into the routing table BGP
Local scoped: 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 TTL of 1; Never to leave local network - for routing protocols and other network maintenance. Global scoped: 224.0.1.0 - 238.255.255.255 MBone dynamically allocate throughout Internet Limited/

50. Name the Well-known mandatory attributes.
Cluster - combination of RR and its clients. Can have multiple clusters in an AS. Originator ID - carries router ID of the route's originator Cluster ID - configured when multiple RR in a cluster. Cluster list - sequence of cluster ID
16 bit number 1 to 65535 1-64511: Public AS 64512-6535: Reserved for private AS BGP
It actually determines which networks are advertised. BGP
AS-Path Next Hop Origin BGP