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Certified Pediatric Nurse Exam

Subjects : certifications, health-sciences, nursing

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pathophysiology of intussusception

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2. Pathophysiology of a fever and infection with sickle cell disease
decrease spleen function places the child at risk for infection. This is the #1 cause of death under 5 yrs old
Foreskin is used during the surgical repair
Blockage of duct results in pancreatic enzymes unabailable in the duodenum - decreased nutrient absorption
O2 status of blood - acid-base balance

3. Diagnose Reye's Syndrome
Hepatoxicity - pancreatitis
Group B Streptococcus
Liver Biopsy
Kawasaki disease - w/o treatment 25% will have permanent heart damage

4. Diet for CF patients
Conditioning traning - which involves a stimulus to waske the child. Retention control-have child drink fluids and delay urination. Waking child to void
Abdominal ultrasound - Upper GI
high protien and calorie - multivitamins - extra enzymes for high fat food
Liver Biopsy

5. Diet for a child with glumerlonephritis
Adequate O2 adequatte hydration
chest x-ray following a Positive PPD skin test
Regular diet with low sodium an no added salt
antibiotic therapy - mgmt of increased ICP - mgmt of acute shock - control Sz's - mgmt of airway and other complications

6. Clinical signs of infection wilth sickle cell disease
A typical lymphocytosis - mono-spot - EBV serology
absence of ganglionic cells in distal bowel - peristalsis is absent as a result - resulting in inability to move food to be evacuated
signs of sepsis - may be only a fever - fever > 101.5 requires IMMEDIATE attention and treatment because risk of death
Bulb Suction - Chest PT - Small frequent feedings - signs of dehydration

7. Etiology of GERD
1st-10kg= x 4ml 2nd-10kg= x 2ml each additional kg x 1ml kg over 20kg add 40 ml
dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and delayed gastric emptying time
provide airway clearance (CPT - postural drainage - coughing & deep breathing) prevent infection - aggressively treat any infection with IV antibiotics - pt family education - adequate nutrition - psychosocial support
RSV (80%) - Parainfluenza - Adenovirus - Rhino Virus

8. Define Proximodistal
trunk
maternal nutrition and genetics
9 months
from trunk to extremities

9. What are the four main causes of viral croup?
IVIG-reduces the incidence of coronary artery abnormalities if given with 10 days of symptons - Salicylate therapy
parainfluenza - RSV - Influenza A&B - M. pneumonia
measure head circumference - strict I&O - fluid restriction - skin care at incision site - S & Sx of infection or increased ICP
trunk

10. Average age of breast development
3 years
6 months
10 years
Successful management is based on early diagnosis and aggressive therapy

11. What is heart failure?
Appears 1-5 yrs after starting solid foods - failure to thrive - chronic diarrhea - abdominal distention - anorexia and muscle wasting
85-95%
Growth spurt
decrease in myocardial contractility - cause congestion of the circulatory system. the heart is unable to pump adequate amounts of bld to meet the bodys needs

12. Pancreatic enzyme therapy for cystic fibrosis is adjusted based on what factors growth and development?
Infant-circumcision - toddler prevent falls - consider helmet - school-age= no contact sports. Discuss limits - educate psychosocial support
provide airway clearance (CPT - postural drainage - coughing & deep breathing) prevent infection - aggressively treat any infection with IV antibiotics - pt family education - adequate nutrition - psychosocial support
absence of ganglionic cells in distal bowel - peristalsis is absent as a result - resulting in inability to move food to be evacuated
# of stools per day - goal=2-3 stools per day

13. Nursing care for Cystic Fibrosis
Isolation - decrease environmental stimuli - neuro checks - observe for complications - strict I&O - IV antibiotics
Triple
An abnormally rapid rate of RBC destruction due to RH or ABO incompatibility
provide airway clearance (CPT - postural drainage - coughing & deep breathing) prevent infection - aggressively treat any infection with IV antibiotics - pt family education - adequate nutrition - psychosocial support

14. What is broncho-pulmonary dysplasia?
acute and serious inflammation and obstruction of the supraglottis----LIFE threatening
RSV (80%) - Parainfluenza - Adenovirus - Rhino Virus
Chronic disease of the pulmonary system in infancy -is common in infants who require supplemental o2 for more than 28 days after birth
Adequate O2 adequatte hydration

15. Pertussis?
1-6 months
A bacterial infection in the respiratory tract that is characterized by a paroxysmal (barky) cough
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
tachypnea - hypoxemia - accessory muscle use - nasal flaring - hypoventilation - apnea - resp failure

16. Two examples of benzodiazepines
Severe brain damage caused by the deposit of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain
Lack of energy (hallmark) - sore throat - fever - increase in atypical lymphocytes - lymphodenopathy - splenomegaly - hepato megaly - Jaundice
diazepam - lorazapam
Pallor - malaise - irritability - fatigue - throbbing bilateral or unilateral headache

17. At 6-24 months - head circumference is what size in relationship to chest circumference
Bacteria enter the blood stream from a site of localized infection and grows in the heart
Adequate O2 adequatte hydration
Equal to
Phototherapy - exchange transfusion

18. What should be used for feeding a child during the post operative period following cleft palate surgery?
20 inches
glutten free diet - no wheat - rye - barley and oats - may use corn - rice - millet - multivitam - folic acid -iron. Avoid high fiber during periods of bowel inflammation
Triple
infants-medicine dropper - bulb w/soft tip - special oral soft nipple - AVOID straws and sharp objects

19. Cephalocaudal
lethargy - irritability - decrease feedings - fever - seizures
IV Factor Replacements - PT for joint damage related to repeated hemarthrosis
from head to toe
1-6 months

20. Pathophysiology related to Head Trauma
Directly related to force - Acceleration-Deceleration= brain striking part of skull - Shearing force= stretching caused by unequal rate of movement of the brain tissue resulting in small tearing of the cerbral vessels
infants-medicine dropper - bulb w/soft tip - special oral soft nipple - AVOID straws and sharp objects
Mechanical Ventalation - high inhaled o2 concentration
inflammation located in the middle ear

21. 3 symptoms of coarctation of the aorta
increase BP proximal to defect - decrease in BP distal to defect - Absent pulses in lower extremities
Milk - Ice cream - Malts - Grains
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Haemophilus influenza type B--strep pneumoniae--Neisseria Meningitides

22. What is epiglottitis?
Dental procedures - gum disease and urinary tract infections
Contact isolation - gown - gloves and handwashing
acute and serious inflammation and obstruction of the supraglottis----LIFE threatening
increase BP proximal to defect - decrease in BP distal to defect - Absent pulses in lower extremities

23. Nursing care of patient with Meningitis
2 years
Upper respiratory infection - after 1-2 weeks barky cough that lasts for several months
Oatmeal baths - short nails - mittens - tylenol - fluids - warm baths - Acyclovir (immunocompromised pts)
Isolation - decrease environmental stimuli - neuro checks - observe for complications - strict I&O - IV antibiotics

24. What are the symptoms of pancreatic involvement in Cystic Fibrosis?
Blockage of duct results in pancreatic enzymes unabailable in the duodenum - decreased nutrient absorption
provide airway clearance (CPT - postural drainage - coughing & deep breathing) prevent infection - aggressively treat any infection with IV antibiotics - pt family education - adequate nutrition - psychosocial support
Occurs in the first few weeks of life - increase occurence in males - dehydration and olive-like mass in the abdomen
# of stools per day - goal=2-3 stools per day

25. Main cause of urinary tract infections
E. Coli
Contact isolation - gown - gloves and handwashing
Growth spurt
larger

26. Viral Meningitis
3 years
inflammatory disease that often occurs following an untreated group a beta-hemolytic streptococci infection
An Acute inflamation of the meninges and CSF often caused by Enterovirus
gum hypertrophy

27. Key nursing intervention for subacute bacterial endocarditis
prevention - po antibiotics should be given before and after an invasive procedure
lethargy - irritability - decrease feedings - fever - seizures
4 years
A narrowing within the Aorta resulting in collateral circulation

28. Signs and Symptoms that indicate and adverse reaction to a vaccine
Poor suck - decrease tone - weak cry - fever - irritability - vomiting and diarrhea
Equal to
Difficulty breathing - hoarseness - hives - dizziness - lethargy - pallor - tachycardia
10 years

29. Treatment for Varicella
Mid puberty
6 months
Penicillin Prophylaxis (BID)
Oatmeal baths - short nails - mittens - tylenol - fluids - warm baths - Acyclovir (immunocompromised pts)

30. Part of the body that grows the fastest in the toddler-preschool age
Assess bilateral upper and lower pulses - assess 4-extremity blood pressures
Haemophilus influenza type B--strep pneumoniae--Neisseria Meningitides
decrease spleen function places the child at risk for infection. This is the #1 cause of death under 5 yrs old
trunk

31. During an abdominal assessment when should auscultation occur
Swelling of the airways - mucous production - bronchospasms
Phototherapy - exchange transfusion
lethargy - irritability - decrease feedings - fever - seizures
Auscultation should be preformed after observation and prior to percussion and palpation to avoid altering the true bowel sounds

32. Signs and Symptoms of mononucleosis
Lack of energy (hallmark) - sore throat - fever - increase in atypical lymphocytes - lymphodenopathy - splenomegaly - hepato megaly - Jaundice
An obstruction of the small airways (bronchioles) caused by an acute upper resp. infection
increase in bilirubin caused by increase in RBC destruction and decrease in bilirubin clearance through the GI system
Epstein Barr Virus - transmitted with intimate contact

33. Puberty for boys
<25 yrs old
increase BP proximal to defect - decrease in BP distal to defect - Absent pulses in lower extremities
12 years
O2 status of blood - acid-base balance

34. Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease
Appears 1-5 yrs after starting solid foods - failure to thrive - chronic diarrhea - abdominal distention - anorexia and muscle wasting
Day 3 of life
drooling
Successful management is based on early diagnosis and aggressive therapy

35. Viral Croup
Milk - Ice cream - Malts - Grains
Swelling or obstruction of the Larynx
5 inches
Successful management is based on early diagnosis and aggressive therapy

36. Basic defect in coarctation of the aorta
Hepatoxicity - pancreatitis
A narrowing within the Aorta resulting in collateral circulation
crowded living conditions - homeless and low income
An Acute inflamation of the meninges and CSF often caused by Enterovirus

37. How many meals and snacks should a 1-3 yr old have in a day 3 meals
from trunk to extremities
2 snacks
crowded living conditions - homeless and low income
Give freedom and choices - save battles for the important things

38. S/SX of Hirschsprungs
Regular diet with low sodium an no added salt
increase BP proximal to defect - decrease in BP distal to defect - Absent pulses in lower extremities
inflammation located in the middle ear
Chronic constipation - ribbon-like foul smelling stools - chronic abdominal distention

39. Leading cause of bacterial meningitis in Neonates
up to 14 days
provide airway clearance (CPT - postural drainage - coughing & deep breathing) prevent infection - aggressively treat any infection with IV antibiotics - pt family education - adequate nutrition - psychosocial support
birth-36 months
Group B Streptococcus

40. BMI - underweight
Group B Streptococcus
< 5%
older preschool age and young school age-believe that they have caused an event such as a sibling's illness or hospitalization is a form of punishment
dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and delayed gastric emptying time

41. Cause of bronchiolitis
Delayed puberty - viscous cervical secretions - difficulty getting pregnant
Oatmeal baths - short nails - mittens - tylenol - fluids - warm baths - Acyclovir (immunocompromised pts)
Infant-circumcision - toddler prevent falls - consider helmet - school-age= no contact sports. Discuss limits - educate psychosocial support
RSV (80%) - Parainfluenza - Adenovirus - Rhino Virus

42. What is the cause of mononucleosis and its method of transmission?
double birth weight
A mild self limiting condition affecting 50% of newborns because of increin - increase RBC Hemolysis - Decrease in RBC life span - decrease ability to conjugate bilirubrubin - decrease ability to excrete bilirubin in feces
An obstruction of the small airways (bronchioles) caused by an acute upper resp. infection
Epstein Barr Virus - transmitted with intimate contact

43. Treatment for Hirschsprungs
# of stools per day - goal=2-3 stools per day
up to 14 days
Enemas to releave mechanical obstruction or surgical correction if unresponsive to enemas
Mid puberty

44. Nursing care for a child with Reye's Syndrome
Strict I&O - watch for increase ICP - Monitor LFT (liver function) educate about avoidance for aspirin for kids < 18 yrs old
drooling
Previous history of life threatening reaction - Mod-severe illness w/wo fever
A Chronic inflammation of the airway w. reversible episodes of obstruction - caused by an increased reaction of the airways to various stimuli

45. Pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis
Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions - elevation of sweat electrolytes - increase in organic and enzymatic constituents of saliva - abnormalities in autonmoic nervous system function
crowded living conditions - homeless and low income
Avoid smoking - supine sleeping - avoid soft bedding or overheating infant
fever - profound impairment of consciousness caused by cerebral edema - impaired hepatic function caused by fatty changes of the liver

46. Precaustions needed for pt's with varicella
Viral---Varicella or influenza
Airborne and contact
ABC's - suction secretions - provide O2 - turn on side - no restraints or objects in the mouth
1 day prior to the appearance of lesions until all scabs are crusted and healed usually 2-4 weeks

47. Causes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Length Chart
Barium enema
Mechanical Ventalation - high inhaled o2 concentration
They are people - need a balance of limits and independence

48. At what age is a length board required?
0-24 months
Airborne and contact
decrease in myocardial contractility - cause congestion of the circulatory system. the heart is unable to pump adequate amounts of bld to meet the bodys needs
lethargy - irritability - decrease feedings - fever - seizures

49. Diet for Hirschsprung's prior to corrction and treatment
maternal nutrition and genetics
Low fiber - high calorie and protein
antibiotic therapy - mgmt of increased ICP - mgmt of acute shock - control Sz's - mgmt of airway and other complications
12-24 days

50. What is Pyloric stenosis?
Milk - Ice cream - Malts - Grains
Occurs in the first few weeks of life - increase occurence in males - dehydration and olive-like mass in the abdomen
Epstein Barr Virus - transmitted with intimate contact
A thickening of the abdomianal muscle around the circular pylorus muscle causing obstruction of the gastric outlet