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Test your basic knowledge |
Certified Sommelier Exam
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certifications
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Late Bottled Vintage Port
Appellation for red and dry whites - No ranking; all designated Cru Classe - Pessac -Leognan AC in northern part
Blueberry
Tuscany's dry white DOCG - Up to 10% Chardonnay and Trebbiano allowed
Produced in non -declared vintages - Fruit sourced from top quintas - Aged 4 -6 years in casks - Vintage and bottling years must be declared on label - Some are age -worthy
2. Viognier
Fruit loops
Sangiovese and Canaiolo with Trebbiano and Malvasia - Addition of white grapes no longer mandatory - Up to 20% CS - Merlot - and Syrah permitted
Most widely planted grape in the world
Montagne de Reims (known for PN) - Vallee de la Marne - Cote de Blancs (lots of Chardonnay) - Cote de Sezanne - Aube
3. Washington State
Single Vineyard
Chenin Blanc wines in the same styles as Vouvray
Mosel Valley - Rheingau - Rheinhessen - Pfalz - Ahr Valley - Nahe - Franken
Young industry - Semi -continental desert climate requiring irrigation - Cascade Mountains rain shadow effect; long - dry growing season - Drastic diurnal shifts
4. Tuscany
Xarel -lo - Macabeo - Parellada - Chardonnay
Red wines with maximum with maximum 80% Grenache
Vintage dated sherries
Moderate climate - Tradition - influence - innovation - research - Maremma - Morellino di Scansano - etc.
5. Reuilly
Driest region in NZ - 2nd in size to Marlborough - Sandy alluvial soils over gravel - limestone - Sunny climate - warmest in NZ - Known for Chardonnay - CS - and Syrah
South end of North Island - Includes Marlborough - Quality Pinot Noir (up and coming region)
White - red - and rose from SB - PN - and Pinot Gris
Aged 24 months in bottle or barrel
6. Port
Xarel -lo - Macabeo - Parellada - Chardonnay
Arrested fermentation fortified wine - Vineyards planted on steep slopes (up to 60 degrees) with schist soils
Single Vineyard
Most southerly wine region in the world - Alluvial soils with outcroppings of chalk and limestone loams - Potential for Rieslings and sparkling wines
7. California Major Regions
Dominio de Valdepusa - Finca Elez - Pago Guijoso - Dehesa del Carrizal (Toledo) - Senorio de Arinzano (Navarra) - Bodegas Otazu (Navarra)
Chenin Blanc - Muscadet (Melon de Bourgogne) - Sauvignon Blanc - Chardonnay
Sparkling wine made from Glera (Prosecco) grape - Superiore DOCG: Conegliano - Valdobiaddene - Colli Asolani
North Coast Super AVA - Sierras - Central Coast (Santa Cruz to Santa Barbera) - Central Valley (south to Clarksburg and Lodi) - Southern Valleys ( Santa Ynez to San Diego)
8. Victoria
Gradual breakdown of yeasts
Vaudesir - Valmur - Les Preuses - Grenouilles - Bougros - Les Clos - Blanchot - Highest minimum alcohol of Chablis ACs
NZ's 2nd fastest growing region (to Marlborough) - Stony - well -drained soils - Quality SB - Chardonnay - Riesling - and PN
Alluvial & volcanic soils - granite - clay - sand - Cool coastal regions vs. hot inland area - Chardonnay - Riesling - Muscat - Pinot Noir - Shiraz - Bordeaux varietals (sparkling - still - fortified) - Yarra Valley - Rutherglen - Heathco
9. Right Bank Grapes (Bordeaux)
Orange Candy
70% Merlot - 25% Cabernet Franc - 5% minor varietals
Coastal (Stellenbosch - Paarl - Constantia - etc.) - Breede River Valley - Olifants River - Klein Karoo (Sweet Muscadelle and light whites) - Boberg (for fortified wines only)
Palo Cortado: only partially oxidative - develops limited flor - Oloroso: rich style fortified to 18% and usually long -aged; start dry but almost all are sweetened and sold as Cream Sherries
10. Galets
Young industry - Semi -continental desert climate requiring irrigation - Cascade Mountains rain shadow effect; long - dry growing season - Drastic diurnal shifts
The "pudding stones" found in Chateauneuf -de -Pape responsible for terroir
A dry style of Sherry that has characteristics of both Fino/Amontillado and Oloroso - Develops limited flor
Clay -based soils with chalk - Sparkling wines from Maria Gomez and Bical - Red wines must contain a minimum of 50% Baga grape (normally 80%) - Predominant white grape is Maria Gomez
11. Gigondas
Fruit loops
Primary Whites Grown are Vernaccia and Vermentino - Primary Reds Grown are Cannonau - Carignano - and Nuragua
Clay -based soils with chalk - Sparkling wines from Maria Gomez and Bical - Red wines must contain a minimum of 50% Baga grape (normally 80%) - Predominant white grape is Maria Gomez
Red wines with maximum with maximum 80% Grenache
12. Airen
Sour red cherry
Tempranillo (Tinto Fino - etc.) - Carinena - Garnacha - Cabernet Sauvignon - Mencia - Monastrell
Most widely planted grape in the world
Pinotage - CS - CF - Merlot - Syrah - Grenache - PN
13. Medoc First Growths
Lafite -Rothschild - Latour - Mouton -Rothschild - Margaux - Haut -Brion
Introduced in Australia in 1990 - Guarantees all claims made on label (variety - vintage - region - etc.) - 85% for vintage - variety - and origin
Vino Joven: no aging requirements - Vino de Crianza: one year in barrels - one year further aging - Reserva: one year in barrels - two years further aging - Gran Reserva: two years in barrels - three years further aging
Montagne de Reims (known for PN) - Vallee de la Marne - Cote de Blancs (lots of Chardonnay) - Cote de Sezanne - Aube
14. Priorat DOCa
A dry style of Sherry that has characteristics of both Fino/Amontillado and Oloroso - Develops limited flor
Very Old Sherry - Aged 20 years (average minimum age)
Most widely planted grape in the world
Rugged mountainous region - Dry temperate climate - Stony schistous soild - Varietals: Garnacha - Carinena - Cabernet
15. Vacqueyras
Red wines from Grenache blends with Syrah - Mourvedre - Clairette - and Bourboulenc
Vaudesir - Valmur - Les Preuses - Grenouilles - Bougros - Les Clos - Blanchot - Highest minimum alcohol of Chablis ACs
Sangiovese & clones (Prugnolo Gentile - Brunello - Morellino) - Canaiolo - Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Syrah
Chenin Blanc - Muscadet (Melon de Bourgogne) - Sauvignon Blanc - Chardonnay
16. Chardonnay's Role in Champagne
Finesse
Assyrtiko - Moschofilero - Malagousia - Roditis - White Muscat - Chardonnay - SB
Alluvial deposits and "pudding stones"
Sweet pear
17. Einzellage
Mosel Valley - Rheingau - Rheinhessen - Pfalz - Ahr Valley - Nahe - Franken
Produced by adding distillate to a fermenting must (deliberately stuck fermentation) - Fortified wines typically 15 -16% - Muscat de Beaumes de Venise - Banyuls - etc.
Single Vineyard
NZ's 2nd fastest growing region (to Marlborough) - Stony - well -drained soils - Quality SB - Chardonnay - Riesling - and PN
18. North Central Spain: Primary Red Varietals
Tempranillo - Graciano - Mazuelo (Carinena)
Cote Rotie - Condrieu - Chateau -Grillet - St. Joseph - Crozes -Hermitage - Hermitage - Cornas - Saint -Peray
AKA Palatinate - Warm climate - Trocken wines important (Grosses Gerwachs) - Riesling - Scheurebe - Grauburgunder - Muller -Thurgau - Spatburgunder
Aged 24 months in bottle or barrel
19. Autolysis
Known for Poverty Bay - High yields and large quantities of Muller -Thurgau - Bulk wine and carafe wine
Gradual breakdown of yeasts
True tawnies matured entirely in cask - After 6 years in cask - wines take on a smooth - creamy character - fruitcake spices - Age declarations: 10yr - 20yr - 30yr - 40yr (based on how old it "feels")
Limestone and silex soils - Whites from Sauvignon Blanc
20. Right Bank Communes (Bordeaux)
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21. Disgorging/Degorgement
Lesser appellations - Cabernet Sauvignon -based wines - No classified growths
Saumur AOC - Minimum 80% Chenin Blanc with Chardonnay and others
Yeast remnant popped out
Longest growing season in CA - Series of east -west valleys - Cool - dry coastal climate - Sauvignon Blanc - Chardonnay - Pinot Noir - Syrah - Merlot
22. White Port Varietals
Pinot Noir
From Lake Garda in the west to the Adriatc - Venice and Verona
Arinto - Codega - Malvasia Fino - Malvasia Corada - Rabigato - Vioshino
Fruit loops
23. Cotes de Beaune ACs
Semi -sparkling
Wine pumped into tanks with liqueur de tirage - Fermentation complete in 4 -5 days - Best for certain varietals (e.g. Moscato d'Asti - Prosecco - Sekt)
Tawny Port: - Ruby Port
Aloxe Corton (red Grand Cru is Corton - white Grand Cru is Corton Charlemagne) - Beaune (Premier Cru only) - Pommard (Premier Cru only) - Volnay (Premier Cru only) - Puligny -Motrachet (4 Grand Cru*) - Chassagne -Montrachet (4 Grand Cru*) *2 overlap
24. Cote Challonaise ACs
Napa County - Sonoma County - Mendocino County - Lake County - Marin County - Solano County
Bourgogne Aligote Bouzeron (Aligote) - Rully (AC & Premier Cru) - Mercurey (AC & Premier Cru) - Givry (AC & Premier Cru) - Montagny AC (white only) - Premier Cru if more than 11.5% alcohol
Lychee
Smoked meats/Bacon fat
25. Friuli Venezia Giulia
Northeast corner of Italy adjacent to Slovenia and Austria - Known for whites - but Merlot is most planted varietal
Base Rhone appellation - 95% in the Southern Rhone
18 villages with elevated status - Red wines are predominantly Grenache
Aloxe Corton (red Grand Cru is Corton - white Grand Cru is Corton Charlemagne) - Beaune (Premier Cru only) - Pommard (Premier Cru only) - Volnay (Premier Cru only) - Puligny -Motrachet (4 Grand Cru*) - Chassagne -Montrachet (4 Grand Cru*) *2 overlap
26. Central Otago
Most southerly wine region in the world - Alluvial soils with outcroppings of chalk and limestone loams - Potential for Rieslings and sparkling wines
Dessert wine from passito grapes (Trebbiano & Malvasia) fermented slowly in small wooden barrels - Matured minimum 3 years and up to 6 years
Vineyards established in 1829 - Gravels and sands over clay - Warm maritime climate - ocean breezes - Chardonnay - Riesling Bordeaux grapes - Shiraz - Margaret River (AUS first appellation system in 1978 - known for elegance and finesse) - Great
Cote Rotie - Condrieu - Chateau -Grillet - St. Joseph - Crozes -Hermitage - Hermitage - Cornas - Saint -Peray
27. Cultivars
What varietals are called in South Africa
Maritime climate - 90% Albarino planted
Burgenland - Niederosterreich - Steiermark (Styria) - Wien (Vienna)
Soft Verdelho -style wine created in the 18th century
28. Cotes de Nuits Appellations
Semi -sparkling
Marsannay - Fixin - Gevrey -Chambertin (8 Grand Crus) - Morey St. Denis (5 Grand Crus) - Chambolle -Musigny (2 Grand Crus) - Vougeot (1 Grand Cru) - Flagey Echezeaux (2 Grand Crus) - Vosnee -Romanee (6 Grand Crus) - Nuits St. Georges (Premier Cru onl
Pinot Noir
Dehydrated strawberries
29. Cotes -du -Rhone
Regions: Penedes and Priorat DOCa - Mediterranean - Home of Catalunya and Barcelona
Base Rhone appellation - 95% in the Southern Rhone
Vouvray - Montlouis - Chinon - Bourgueil & Saint -Nicolas -de -Bourgueil
Bubblegum
30. Estufagem
The heating process causes maderization of the wine - caramelizing sugars and promoting oxidation - Estufa do Sol - finest wines are cask aged in lodges exposed to the sun for many years - Estufa - a vat or tank heated by hot water to approximatel
Furmint - Harslevelu - Muskatoly (Muscat Ottonel) - Oremus
Glassy -winged sharpshooter
Roussanne - Clairette - Picpoul - Bourbolenc - Grenache Blanc - etc.
31. Sherry Grape Varietals
Chateauneuf -de -Pape - Gigondas - Vacqueyras - Cotes -du -Rhone - Cotes -du -Rhone Villages - Tavel - Lirac - Beaumes -de -Venise - Vinsobres
Palomino (95% of all plantings) - Pedro Ximenez - Moscatel: along with PX - used to sweeten blended wines and to add color
Wachau: steep vineyards facing the Danube - Wagram - Kremstal - Kamptal
Alluvial & volcanic soils - granite - clay - sand - Cool coastal regions vs. hot inland area - Chardonnay - Riesling - Muscat - Pinot Noir - Shiraz - Bordeaux varietals (sparkling - still - fortified) - Yarra Valley - Rutherglen - Heathco
32. New South Wales
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33. Highest average bottle price of any country
Well -known for quality rose wines - Includes Southern Rhone varietals and more - Bandol - Cassis
Winery and vineyards must be located in the same AVA - Winery must own or control the vineyards where the grapes are grown
Riesling - Gewurztraminer - Muscat - Pinot Gris (Tokay d'Alsace) - Sylvaner (Zotzenberg only)
New Zealand
34. Alsace
Regulators of American Viticultural Areas
Red grape grown in Sardinia similar to Grenache
Dry with warm - sunny summers - Rain shadow effect - Tremendously diverse soils - Bound by Vosges Mountains and the Rhine
Kabinett - Spatlese - Auslese - Beerenauslese (BA) - Eiswein - Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)
35. Pinot Gris (Alsace)
Well -known for quality rose wines - Includes Southern Rhone varietals and more - Bandol - Cassis
Volcanic soils - red basalt - low fertility - Cool maritime climate - high humidity - windy (East facing slopes) - Chardonnay - Riesling - Gewurztraminer - Pinot Noir - sparkling wines - Hobart - Launceston - Piper's River - Coal River
Very Old Rare Sherry - Aged 30 years (average minimum age)
Sweet pear
36. Menetou Salon
Adjacent to Sancerre - White - red - and rose from SB - PN - and Gamay
Dominio de Valdepusa - Finca Elez - Pago Guijoso - Dehesa del Carrizal (Toledo) - Senorio de Arinzano (Navarra) - Bodegas Otazu (Navarra)
75% minimum varietal composition (except OR) - 95% from year stated on bottle (85% if appellation is state or county) - 85% from stated AVA (except super AVA) - Every wine must be labeled with a brand name with the bottler's name and location
Alsatian dessert wines from botrytis fruit - Made in small quantities and only in exceptional vintages
37. Advantages to Transfer Method
Considered the epitome of "claret" - Wines balance power and finesse - 3 First Growths: Latour - Lafite Rothschild - Mouton Rothschild Saint - Julien - Smallest commune - but 11 classified growths - Styles combine elegance and sturdiness -
As little as 90 from harvest to final bottling - Potential for lees contact - Eliminates need for riddling - More suitable for some grapes
Quality Riesling and Pinot Noir - Warm summers - cool autumns - lower rainfall - Most vineyards in plains surrounding Christchurch
Dry with warm - sunny summers - Rain shadow effect - Tremendously diverse soils - Bound by Vosges Mountains and the Rhine
38. Hawkes Bay
Driest region in NZ - 2nd in size to Marlborough - Sandy alluvial soils over gravel - limestone - Sunny climate - warmest in NZ - Known for Chardonnay - CS - and Syrah
Black plum
Howell Mountain - Chiles Valley - Napa Valley - Atlas Peak - Stag's Leap District - Oak Knoll - Wild Horse Valley - Los Carneros - Yountville - Mount Veeder - Oakville - Rutherford - Spring Mountain District - Diamond Mountain District
Accounts for less than 3% of all port - Most expensive - BUT easiest to produce (2 years wood aging) - Produced from top quintas - Vintages must be declared and approved by IVP
39. Champagne Dryness/Sweetness Levels
Brut Zero (Bone Dry) - Brut (Dry) - Extra Dry (Off -Dry - Sec - Demi -Sec - Doux
Driest region in NZ - 2nd in size to Marlborough - Sandy alluvial soils over gravel - limestone - Sunny climate - warmest in NZ - Known for Chardonnay - CS - and Syrah
Regulators of American Viticultural Areas
Known for Poverty Bay - High yields and large quantities of Muller -Thurgau - Bulk wine and carafe wine
40. Almacenistas
Condrieu - and Hermitage Steep slopes with granite soils
A single Solera sherry bottled unblended and produced in small quantities
3yr - 5yr Reserve - 10yr Special Reserve - 15yr Extra Reserve
Fino: lightest; fortified to 15.5% - Manzanilla: a delicate style of Fino aged only in the coastal town of Sanlucar de Barrameda - Amontillado: a Fino that has been left in cask for additional aging and develops a rich - nutty flaor; usually dry -
41. North Central Spain: Primary White Varietals
Most southerly wine region in the world - Alluvial soils with outcroppings of chalk and limestone loams - Potential for Rieslings and sparkling wines
Red wines from Cabernet Franc and up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon - Tufa soils
Viura - Malvasia - Garnacha Blanca - Chardonnay - Sauvignon Blanc - Verdejo
Regions: Penedes and Priorat DOCa - Mediterranean - Home of Catalunya and Barcelona
42. Saint -Peray
Sparkling wines from Marsanne and Roussanne
Single Vineyard
Aged 24 months in bottle or barrel
Brut Zero (Bone Dry) - Brut (Dry) - Extra Dry (Off -Dry - Sec - Demi -Sec - Doux
43. Regions of Southern Portugal
Lisboa (formerly Estramadura - Atlantic influenced climate) - Tejo (formerly Alentejo - Periquita grape - white wines from chalky soils) - Colares (Ramisco grape - ungrafted vines grown in sand) - Algarve (red and white - 4 DO districts
Just under half of production is rose - Whites from Chenin Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc - Reds and Roses (both AOCs) from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
Grape Variety: Chenin Blanc - Limestone over tufa - Wide range of styles (Sec - demi -sec - moelleux - doux - still - petillant - mousseux)
New South Wales - Victoria - Tasmania - South Australia - Western Australia - Northern Territory - Queensland
44. Condrieu
NZ's 2nd fastest growing region (to Marlborough) - Stony - well -drained soils - Quality SB - Chardonnay - Riesling - and PN
A method of fractional blending wherein old wine is periodically refreshed with younger wine (no more than 1/3) to ensure consistency - Wine is taken from a cask in one criadera and blended into a cask fro the next
hite wines from Viognier
Sancerre - Pouilly Fume - Menetou Salon - Quincy - Reuilly
45. Anada
Vintage dated sherries
70% Merlot - 25% Cabernet Franc - 5% minor varietals
Cabernet Franc - Cabernet Sauvignon - Pinot Noir - Gamay - Groslot
Renowned botrytis dessert wine from Hungary that has been produced for centuries - Technically a dry still wine sweetened with botrytized grapes (Aszu) - Sweetness levels measured in 3 -6 puttonyos - Eszencia is 100% botrytised grapes
46. Solera system
hite wines from Viognier
19th century style now illegal to produce - but still available on the market
A method of fractional blending wherein old wine is periodically refreshed with younger wine (no more than 1/3) to ensure consistency - Wine is taken from a cask in one criadera and blended into a cask fro the next
eanut shell
47. Portugal DOC Regions
18 villages with elevated status - Red wines are predominantly Grenache
33 total - Important ones are Minho (Vinho Verde) - Dao - Bairrada - Porto & Douro - Borba - Alentejo - Madeira
Baix Penedes - Medio Penedes - Alta Penedes
Juicyfruit Gum
48. Maconnais ACs
West of Rioja on the River Duero - Red wines from Tempranillo (Tinto del Pais) and Bordeaux varietals - Wines are richer and fuller than Rioja wines with good aging potential
Saint Amour - Julienas - Chenas - Chiroubles - Moulin a Vent - Fleurie - Morgon - Regnie - Brouilly - Cote de Brouilly
Semi -continental (four seasons; climate issues like frost - rain at harvest - hail)
Macon - Macon -Superieur - Macon -Villages - Saint -Veran - Pouilly -Loche - Pouilly -Vinzelles - Pouilly -Fuisse
49. Hermitage
Maritime climate - 90% Albarino planted
Red grape grown in Sardinia similar to Grenache
Baix Penedes - Medio Penedes - Alta Penedes
ed wines from Syrah with up to 15% Marsanne and Roussanne - Whites from Marsanne and Roussanne
50. Sangiovese (Tuscany)
Must be made from 100% of stated varietal - Must be aged for a minimum of 20 years in wood and 2 years in bottle before release
Sour red cherry
Winery and vineyards must be located in the same AVA - Winery must own or control the vineyards where the grapes are grown
Fruit character
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