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Certified Sommelier Exam
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certifications
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Listrac & Moulis
Chateauneuf -de -Pape - Gigondas - Vacqueyras - Cotes -du -Rhone - Cotes -du -Rhone Villages - Tavel - Lirac - Beaumes -de -Venise - Vinsobres
Lesser appellations - Cabernet Sauvignon -based wines - No classified growths
Santa Lucia Highlands - Chalone - San Bernabe
Wine pumped into tanks with liqueur de tirage - Fermentation complete in 4 -5 days - Best for certain varietals (e.g. Moscato d'Asti - Prosecco - Sekt)
2. Sherry Classifications
Chehalem Mountains - Ribbon Ridge - Yamhill -Carlton - Dundee Hills - McMinnville - Eola -Amity Hills
Adriatic Sea coast - Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOCG - Conero DOCG - Rosso Conero
Syrah - Grenache - Mourvedre - Cinsault - Counoise - Terret Noir - Vaccarese - Muscardin - etc.
VOS (Very Old Sherry) - VORS (Very Old Rare Sherry) - Anada - Almacenistas
3. Tuscany
Sancerre - Pouilly Fume - Menetou Salon - Quincy - Reuilly
Cranberry
70% Merlot - 25% Cabernet Franc - 5% minor varietals
Moderate climate - Tradition - influence - innovation - research - Maremma - Morellino di Scansano - etc.
4. Australia
Chenin Blanc - Muscadet (Melon de Bourgogne) - Sauvignon Blanc - Chardonnay
Juicyfruit Gum
GI originated in 1994 with EU agreement
Alsatian dessert wines from botrytis fruit - Made in small quantities and only in exceptional vintages
5. Marches
Adriatic Sea coast - Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOCG - Conero DOCG - Rosso Conero
Pinotage - CS - CF - Merlot - Syrah - Grenache - PN
Beaujolais AC - Beaujolais Nouveau AC - Beaujolais -Superieur AC - Beaujolais Villages AC - Beaujolais Cru AC
Moderate climate - Tradition - influence - innovation - research - Maremma - Morellino di Scansano - etc.
6. TTB Label Laws I
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7. Grapes in Valpolicella and Amarone
Corvina - Rondinella - Molinara
Volcanic slate soils - Predominantly reds from Spatburgunder and Portugieser
One of Italy's largest producing regions - Over 250 miles of coastline - flat regions of fertile plains - Montepulciano - Negroamaro - Primitivo - Malvasia Nera - Bombino are primary red grapes - Brindisi - Salice Salentino - San Severo - Man
Arrested fermentation fortified wine - Vineyards planted on steep slopes (up to 60 degrees) with schist soils
8. Navarra
Most widely planted grape in the world
Marsannay - Fixin - Gevrey -Chambertin (8 Grand Crus) - Morey St. Denis (5 Grand Crus) - Chambolle -Musigny (2 Grand Crus) - Vougeot (1 Grand Cru) - Flagey Echezeaux (2 Grand Crus) - Vosnee -Romanee (6 Grand Crus) - Nuits St. Georges (Premier Cru onl
Borders Rioja - Known for Rosado wines - Five sub -districts - Reds based on Garnacha - Tempranillo - Cabernet - Merlot - Whites based on Viura with Malvasia and Chardonnay
Terroir
9. Vintage Madeira
GI originated in 1994 with EU agreement
Trajadura - Alvarinho - Loureiro - Gouveio - Encruzado - Maria Gomez - Fernao Pires - Arinto - Roupeiro
Wines traditionally bottled in bocksbeutel - Wines from Silvaner - Riesling - and Muller -Thurgau
Must be made from 100% of stated varietal - Must be aged for a minimum of 20 years in wood and 2 years in bottle before release
10. Chateau -Grillet
Viura - Malvasia - Garnacha Blanca - Chardonnay - Sauvignon Blanc - Verdejo
Most widely planted grape in the world
White wines from Viognier from small single estate
Adriatic Sea coast - Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOCG - Conero DOCG - Rosso Conero
11. AVA
Finos fortified to 15.5% (let the flor grow) - Oloroso fortified to 18% (NO intention to let the flor grow)
Dessert wine from passito grapes (Trebbiano & Malvasia) fermented slowly in small wooden barrels - Matured minimum 3 years and up to 6 years
Val do Salnes - O Rosal - Condado do Tea - Soutomaiort - Ribeira do Ulla
American Viticultural Area - Refers only to geographic region - Guidelines finalized in 1978 - became mandatory in 1983
12. Languedoc -Roussillon AOCs
Cotes du Roussillon - Cotes du Roussillon Villages - Collioure (southernmost AC in France other than Corsica) - Coteaux du Languedoc - Minervois - Fitou - Corbieres - St. Chinian
Red wines are predominantly Grenache
Wachau: steep vineyards facing the Danube - Wagram - Kremstal - Kamptal
Aged in wood - ready to drink on release - Sees oxygen in the barrel and - thus - loses its color - Aged Tawny Port (with indication of age)
13. Priorat DOCa
Rugged mountainous region - Dry temperate climate - Stony schistous soild - Varietals: Garnacha - Carinena - Cabernet
Coastal (Stellenbosch - Paarl - Constantia - etc.) - Breede River Valley - Olifants River - Klein Karoo (Sweet Muscadelle and light whites) - Boberg (for fortified wines only)
Bottles are disgorged under pressure into large tank - filtered - and rebottled - Used for bottles smaller than half/larger than Jeroboam
Lychee
14. Red Rioja Quality Levels & Requirements
Vino Joven: no aging requirements - Vino de Crianza: one year in barrels - one year further aging - Reserva: one year in barrels - two years further aging - Gran Reserva: two years in barrels - three years further aging
After harvest - grapes are dried for several weeks - Used to produce passito - recioto - and Amarone wines
Alluvial clays
The "pudding stones" found in Chateauneuf -de -Pape responsible for terroir
15. Rioja DOCa Sub -Zones
Black plum
Red wines from minimum 90% Syrah and up to 10% Marsanne and/or Roussanne - Whites from Marsanne and Roussanne
New South Wales - Victoria - Tasmania - South Australia - Western Australia - Northern Territory - Queensland
Rioja Alta - Rioja Alavesa - Rioja Baja
16. Prosecco
Sparkling wine made from Glera (Prosecco) grape - Superiore DOCG: Conegliano - Valdobiaddene - Colli Asolani
Produced by adding distillate to a fermenting must (deliberately stuck fermentation) - Fortified wines typically 15 -16% - Muscat de Beaumes de Venise - Banyuls - etc.
Clone of Garganega grown in Sicily
Adjacent to Sancerre - White - red - and rose from SB - PN - and Gamay
17. New York State
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18. Primary Greek White Varietals
Largest AOC in Haut Medoc - Wines know for elegance and finesse - First Growth (Chateau Margaux) - Other notables: Chateau Palmer - Giscours - Brane - Cantenac
Terraced vineyards on granite slopes - 90% red; 10% white - 12 approved grape varieties - By law - 20% minimum of red wines must be from Touriga Nacional - Predominant white grapes are Arinto and Encruzado
Albariza - Barros - Arenas
Assyrtiko - Moschofilero - Malagousia - Roditis - White Muscat - Chardonnay - SB
19. Cotes -du -Rhone Villages
Tempranillo - Graciano - Mazuelo (Carinena)
Red wines from Grenache blends with Syrah - Mourvedre - Clairette - and Bourboulenc
18 villages with elevated status - Red wines are predominantly Grenache
Collection of vineyards
20. Northwest Spain: Notable Regions
Shiraz - Cabernet Sauvignon - Grenache - Pinot Noir - Merlot
Lisboa (formerly Estramadura - Atlantic influenced climate) - Tejo (formerly Alentejo - Periquita grape - white wines from chalky soils) - Colares (Ramisco grape - ungrafted vines grown in sand) - Algarve (red and white - 4 DO districts
Galicia (Rias Biaxas) - Toro - Rueda - Ribera del Duero
Juicyfruit Gum
21. VOS
Very Old Rare Sherry - Aged 30 years (average minimum age)
Moderate climate - Tradition - influence - innovation - research - Maremma - Morellino di Scansano - etc.
Very Old Sherry - Aged 20 years (average minimum age)
A form of slate with strata which allow the vine roots to penetrate and grow (common in Douro for grapes used in Port)
22. Port Styles
Considered the epitome of "claret" - Wines balance power and finesse - 3 First Growths: Latour - Lafite Rothschild - Mouton Rothschild Saint - Julien - Smallest commune - but 11 classified growths - Styles combine elegance and sturdiness -
Tawny Port: - Ruby Port
Gradual breakdown of yeasts
Sweet botrytis wines from Chenin Blanc made only in exceptional years
23. New York State AVAs
Dry with warm - sunny summers - Rain shadow effect - Tremendously diverse soils - Bound by Vosges Mountains and the Rhine
NZ's most important and fastest growing wine region - Alluvial gravel - Protected from Westerly winds by South Alps and Easterlies by Southern tip of North Island - Awatere Valley and Wairau Valley
The Hamptons - North Fork Long Island - Long Island - Hudson Valley - Seneca Lake - Cayuga Lake - Finger Lakes
Harvest in early September - Palomino grapes pressed immediately - Pedro Ximenez grapes sun dried (Soleo) for use in sweetening agents - Fortification with neutral grape spirit
24. Brunello di Montalcino Aging
Rugged mountainous region - Dry temperate climate - Stony schistous soild - Varietals: Garnacha - Carinena - Cabernet
Aloxe Corton (red Grand Cru is Corton - white Grand Cru is Corton Charlemagne) - Beaune (Premier Cru only) - Pommard (Premier Cru only) - Volnay (Premier Cru only) - Puligny -Motrachet (4 Grand Cru*) - Chassagne -Montrachet (4 Grand Cru*) *2 overlap
Viura - Malvasia - Garnacha Blanca - Chardonnay - Sauvignon Blanc - Verdejo
BdM: 4 years with minimum 2 years in oak - BdM Riserva: 5 years with minimum 2.5 years in oak
25. South Africa's Wine of Origin System (WO)
100% of grapes from named appellation - Vintage must be 85% of stated year - Varietal must be 85% of stated
Renowned botrytis dessert wine from Hungary that has been produced for centuries - Technically a dry still wine sweetened with botrytized grapes (Aszu) - Sweetness levels measured in 3 -6 puttonyos - Eszencia is 100% botrytised grapes
Introduced in Australia in 1990 - Guarantees all claims made on label (variety - vintage - region - etc.) - 85% for vintage - variety - and origin
Soils: volcanic - gravel alluvial with sandstone - Cool maritime climate (warmer north - cooler south) - mountain ranges create rain shadow effect
26. Champagne Location
90km northeast of Paris
Lentils
Fruits sourced from BEST quintas - Usually produced in non -declared vintages - Ageworthy - excellent values
Longest growing season in CA - Series of east -west valleys - Cool - dry coastal climate - Sauvignon Blanc - Chardonnay - Pinot Noir - Syrah - Merlot
27. Gigondas
Sweet pear
Pinotage - CS - CF - Merlot - Syrah - Grenache - PN
Sancerre - Pouilly Fume - Menetou Salon - Quincy - Reuilly
Red wines with maximum with maximum 80% Grenache
28. Advantages to Transfer Method
Mediterranean climate with maritime mountain influences - Whites: Grillo - Grecanico - Inzolia - Carricante - Catarratto - Reds: Nero d'Avola - Nerello Mascalese - Nerello Capuccio
As little as 90 from harvest to final bottling - Potential for lees contact - Eliminates need for riddling - More suitable for some grapes
3yr - 5yr Reserve - 10yr Special Reserve - 15yr Extra Reserve
Riesling & Spatburgunder - Wines are richer than Mosel - great aging potential - trocken wines are important - Erstes Gewachs (First Growths)
29. Burgundy (Climate)
From Lake Garda in the west to the Adriatc - Venice and Verona
Semi -continental (four seasons; climate issues like frost - rain at harvest - hail)
Wine pumped into tanks with liqueur de tirage - Fermentation complete in 4 -5 days - Best for certain varietals (e.g. Moscato d'Asti - Prosecco - Sekt)
A single Solera sherry bottled unblended and produced in small quantities
30. Graves & Pessac -Leognan
Most widely planted grape in the world
Bourgogne Aligote Bouzeron (Aligote) - Rully (AC & Premier Cru) - Mercurey (AC & Premier Cru) - Givry (AC & Premier Cru) - Montagny AC (white only) - Premier Cru if more than 11.5% alcohol
Appellation for red and dry whites - No ranking; all designated Cru Classe - Pessac -Leognan AC in northern part
Alluvial & volcanic soils - granite - clay - sand - Cool coastal regions vs. hot inland area - Chardonnay - Riesling - Muscat - Pinot Noir - Shiraz - Bordeaux varietals (sparkling - still - fortified) - Yarra Valley - Rutherglen - Heathco
31. Sauternes
Sits in GravesWorld famous botrytis dessert wines - Semillon - Sauvignon Blanc - Muscadelle - Dry wines labeled as Graves Blanc or Bordeaux Blanc Saint - Estephe - Northernmost commune of the Haut - Medoc - Wines are rustic
Lesser appellations - Cabernet Sauvignon -based wines - No classified growths
Very Old Rare Sherry - Aged 30 years (average minimum age)
Red wines from Cabernet Franc and up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon - Tufa soils
32. Rueda
One of CA's oldest growing regions - Significant diurnal swings - Known for Zinfandel and Rhone varieties
Produces aromatic whites from Verdejo plus Sauvignon Blanc and Viura
Only a small percentage of grapes grown may be used for Port production - DOC status for table wines earned in 1982 - Grapes: Touriga Nacional - Tinta Roriz - Tinta Barroca
Winery and vineyards must be located in the same AVA - Winery must own or control the vineyards where the grapes are grown
33. Chinon
Harvest in early September - Palomino grapes pressed immediately - Pedro Ximenez grapes sun dried (Soleo) for use in sweetening agents - Fortification with neutral grape spirit
Smoked meats/Bacon fat
Roussanne - Clairette - Picpoul - Bourbolenc - Grenache Blanc - etc.
Red wines from Cabernet Franc and up to 10% Cabernet Sauvignon - Tufa soils
34. Alsace
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35. Sicily
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36. Cremant de la Loire
Driest region in NZ - 2nd in size to Marlborough - Sandy alluvial soils over gravel - limestone - Sunny climate - warmest in NZ - Known for Chardonnay - CS - and Syrah
A method of fractional blending wherein old wine is periodically refreshed with younger wine (no more than 1/3) to ensure consistency - Wine is taken from a cask in one criadera and blended into a cask fro the next
Fruit character
Saumur AOC - Minimum 80% Chenin Blanc with Chardonnay and others
37. SA's Primary White Cultivars
Steen (Chenin Blanc) - Hanepoot (Muscat) - Chardonnay - SB - Semillon
Sparkling wine made from Glera (Prosecco) grape - Superiore DOCG: Conegliano - Valdobiaddene - Colli Asolani
Trajadura - Alvarinho - Loureiro - Gouveio - Encruzado - Maria Gomez - Fernao Pires - Arinto - Roupeiro
Soils: Mostly alluvial mountain runoff with sandstone - some limestone - schist - clay - and chalk - Climate: Cool (South) to warm (North) maritime - windy from West (must plant East of mountain ranges) - high rainfall and humidity
38. Monterey County
Cote Rotie - Condrieu - Chateau -Grillet - St. Joseph - Crozes -Hermitage - Hermitage - Cornas - Saint -Peray
Sparkling wines from Marsanne and Roussanne
Santa Lucia Highlands - Chalone - San Bernabe
75% minimum varietal composition (except OR) - 95% from year stated on bottle (85% if appellation is state or county) - 85% from stated AVA (except super AVA) - Every wine must be labeled with a brand name with the bottler's name and location
39. Wachau Wine Classifications
Soft Verdelho -style wine created in the 18th century
Steinfeder (11% alcohol) - Federspiel (Kabinett level) - Smaragd (Spatlese level)
Sancerre - Pouilly Fume - Menetou Salon - Quincy - Reuilly
Well -known for quality rose wines - Includes Southern Rhone varietals and more - Bandol - Cassis
40. Schist
Aged in wood - ready to drink on release - Sees oxygen in the barrel and - thus - loses its color - Aged Tawny Port (with indication of age)
Wachau: steep vineyards facing the Danube - Wagram - Kremstal - Kamptal
A form of slate with strata which allow the vine roots to penetrate and grow (common in Douro for grapes used in Port)
Renowned botrytis dessert wine from Hungary that has been produced for centuries - Technically a dry still wine sweetened with botrytized grapes (Aszu) - Sweetness levels measured in 3 -6 puttonyos - Eszencia is 100% botrytised grapes
41. Albarino (Rias Baixas)
New Zealand
Neutral grape spirit at 77% alcohol added to port wine
Fino: lightest; fortified to 15.5% - Manzanilla: a delicate style of Fino aged only in the coastal town of Sanlucar de Barrameda - Amontillado: a Fino that has been left in cask for additional aging and develops a rich - nutty flaor; usually dry -
Juicyfruit Gum
42. Soils in St. Joseph and Crozes Hermitage
Regulators of American Viticultural Areas
Limestone and silex soils - Whites from Sauvignon Blanc
Northeast corner of Italy adjacent to Slovenia and Austria - Known for whites - but Merlot is most planted varietal
Heavier - clay -oriented soils
43. Appellations shared between WA and OR
A dry style of Sherry that has characteristics of both Fino/Amontillado and Oloroso - Develops limited flor
Rioja Alta - Rioja Alavesa - Rioja Baja
One of Italy's largest producing regions - Over 250 miles of coastline - flat regions of fertile plains - Montepulciano - Negroamaro - Primitivo - Malvasia Nera - Bombino are primary red grapes - Brindisi - Salice Salentino - San Severo - Man
Columbia River - Walla Walla Valley - Columbia Gorge
44. Pouilly Fume
Appellation for red and dry whites - No ranking; all designated Cru Classe - Pessac -Leognan AC in northern part
Brut Zero (Bone Dry) - Brut (Dry) - Extra Dry (Off -Dry - Sec - Demi -Sec - Doux
Limestone and silex soils - Whites from Sauvignon Blanc
Tafelwein: table wine - Landwein: regional wine - Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugbiete (QbA): quality wine from one of the 13 major regions - Qualitatswein mit Pradikat (QmP): quality wine determined by the degree of ripeness at harvest; only classif
45. Noble
Aged 12 months in bottle or barrel
After harvest - grapes are dried for several weeks - Used to produce passito - recioto - and Amarone wines
NZ's most important and fastest growing wine region - Alluvial gravel - Protected from Westerly winds by South Alps and Easterlies by Southern tip of North Island - Awatere Valley and Wairau Valley
Sancerre - Pouilly Fume - Menetou Salon - Quincy - Reuilly
46. Marsala DOC
Tempranillo - Graciano - Mazuelo (Carinena)
Siciliy - Fortified wine in both dry and sweet styles made from a blend including Catarratto - Inzolia - Grillo - etc.
Wine pumped into tanks with liqueur de tirage - Fermentation complete in 4 -5 days - Best for certain varietals (e.g. Moscato d'Asti - Prosecco - Sekt)
Adjacent to Sancerre - White - red - and rose from SB - PN - and Gamay
47. Soil in Cote d'Or
3yr - 5yr Reserve - 10yr Special Reserve - 15yr Extra Reserve
Limestone (best whites) and Marl (best reds)
Tartared raspberry
Lentils
48. South Africa
Longest tenure of winemaking in the New World
Tafelwein: table wine - Landwein: regional wine - Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugbiete (QbA): quality wine from one of the 13 major regions - Qualitatswein mit Pradikat (QmP): quality wine determined by the degree of ripeness at harvest; only classif
GI originated in 1994 with EU agreement
Sour red cherry
49. Northeast Spain
Traditional Port cask holding 500 liters (440L of wine added to 110L of aguardente)
Cava (most in Catalonia)
Regions: Penedes and Priorat DOCa - Mediterranean - Home of Catalunya and Barcelona
GI originated in 1994 with EU agreement
50. Valdepenas
A single Solera sherry bottled unblended and produced in small quantities
Most important DO in Southern Spain
2009 Great 2008 Not so great
Accounts for less than 3% of all port - Most expensive - BUT easiest to produce (2 years wood aging) - Produced from top quintas - Vintages must be declared and approved by IVP
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