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CFA Level2 Vocab
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certifications
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cfa
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. An estimate of the average time that elapses between paying suppliers for materi-als and collecting cash from the subsequent sale of goods produced.
Target company - or target
Net operating cycle
Method of comparables
Purchasing power loss
2. Costs of research and development in progress atan acquired company; often - part of the purchaseprice of an acquired company is allocated to suchcosts.
Voluntary export restraint
Purchased in-process research and development costs
Equity charge
Population
3. Depreciatiolil methods that allocate a relatively large proportion of the cost of an asset to the early years of the asset's useful life.
Valuation ratios
Bundling
Accelerated methods of depreciation
Maturity premium
4. The owner of an asset that grants the right to use the asset to another party.
Lessor
Floorlet
Enterprise value (EV)
Held-for-trading securities (trading securities)
5. Ratio of sales on credit to the average balance in accounts receivable.
Standard cost
Dutch Book theorem
Cash flow additivity principle
Accounts receivable turnover
6. The rate demanded by purchasers of bonds - given the risks associated with future cash payment obligations of the particular bond issue.
Market rate
Credit-linked notes
Annual percentage rate
Interval
7. A trader who typically holds posi-tions open overnight.
Trading securities (held-for-trading securities)
At the money
Out-of-sample forecast errors
Position trader
8. Systems that capture transaction data at the physical location in which the sale is made.
Poison puts
European-style option or
Point of sale
Vertical merger
9. A theory pertaining to a company's optimal capital struc-ture; the optimal level of debt is found at the point where additional debt would cause the costs of financial distress to increase by a greater amount than the benefit of the additional tax sh
Leverage
Purchasing power gain
Static trade-off theory of capital structure
Exercise date
10. With reference to the presenta-tion of expenses in an income statement - the grouping together of expenses by similar nature - e.g. - all depreciation expenses.
Completed contract
Grouping by nature
Revolving credit agreements
Contingent consideration
11. A trader who offers to buy or sell futures contracts - holding the position for only a brief period of time. Scalpers attempt to profit by buy-ing at the bid price and selling at the higher ask price.
Statistics
Debt-to-equity ratio
Scalper
Independent
12. Aka 'Market efficiency.
Traditional efficient markets formulation
Capital allocation line (CAL)
Contingent consideration
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
13. An option strategy in which a position in an asset is converted to a risk-free position with a position in a specific number of options. The number of options per unit of the underlying changes through time - and the position must be revised to maint
Delta hedge
Statistics
Economic sectors
Automated Clearing House
14. The risk that environmental - social - or governance risk fac tors will result in significant costs or other losses to a company and its share-holders; the risk arising from a company's obliga-tion to meet required payments under its financ-ing agree
Segment debt ratio
Minority interest (noncontrolling interest)
Financial risk
Terms of trade
15. Uncertainty with respect to the quantity of goods and services that a company is able to sell and the price it is able to achieve; the risk related to the uncertainty of revenues.
Expected value
Safety stock
Sales risk
Conditional probability
16. A matrix or square array whoseentries are covariances; also known as a variance-covariance matrix.
Full price
Covariance matrix
Corporation
Likelibood
17. A stage of growth in which the com-pany reaches an equilibrium in which investment opportunities on average just earn their opportu-nity cost of capital.
Cash flow additivity principle
Split-rate
Mature phase
Other comprehensive income
18. A formula that expresses the equivalence or parity of spot and forward rates - after adjusting for differences in the interest rates.
Interest rate parity
Sample variance
Tangible assets
Median
19. Risk for which investors demand com-pensation for bearing (e.g. - equity risk - company-specific factors - macroeconomic factors).
Priced risk
Leverage
Parameter instability
Abnormal earnings
20. A measure of the co-movement (linearassociation) between two random variables.
Exercise date
Accounting profit (income before taxes or pretax income)
Covariance
Indirect format (indirect method)
21. An observation drawn from a uni-form distribution.
Write-down
Interest rate put
No-growth company
Random number
22. A measure of financial lever-age calculated as average total assets divided by average total equity.
Comparables (comps - guideline assets - guideline com-panies)
Financial leverage ratio
Sample excess kurtosis
Commercial paper
23. Aka 'Residual income. '
Economic profit
Accounting estimates
Incremental cash flow
Completed contract
24. An Activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by average net fixed assets.
Decentralized risk management
Multicollinearity
Alternative hypothesis
Fixed asset turnover
25. Factors that affect the average returns of a large number of different assets.
Full price
Systematic factors
Payer swaption
Rent seeking
26. The estimated gross amount of money that could be realized from the liquidation sale of an asset or assets - given a rea-sonable amount of time to find a purchaser or purchasers.
Arithmetic mean
Just-in-time method
Orderly liquidation value
Cyclical businesses
27. Diminishment in value as a result of car-rying (book) value exceeding fair value and/or recoverable value.
Covered interest arbitrage
Quintiles
Matrix pricing
Impairment
28. A wholly-owned sub-sidiary of a company that is established to provide financing of the sales of the parent company.
Gamma
Off-market
Interval scale
Captive rmance subsidiary
29. Earnings for a given time period - minus a deduction for common shareholders' opportunity cost in generating the earnings.
Residual income (or economic profit or abnormal earnings)
Neoclassical growth theory
Unearned revenue (deferred revenue)
Terminal share price
30. Management's focus on reporting earnings that meet consensus estimates.
Investment opportunity schedule
Earnings game
Binomial random variable
Discount rate
31. Income approach that estimates the value of all intangible assets of the business by capitalizing future earnings in excess of the estimated return requirements associated with working capital and fixed assets.
Earnings game
Residual income method (or excess earnings method)
Forward swap
Coefficient of variation (CV)
32. A quantitative measure of skew (lack of symmetry); a synonym of skew.
Independent projects
Method of comparables
Error term
Skewness
33. Heightened uncertainty regarding a company's ability to meet its various obligations because of lower or negative earnings.
Flexible exchange rate
Fundamentals
Long-term equity anticipatory securities (LEAPS)
Financial distress
34. The annual percentage change in real CDP.
Economic growth rate
Fixed exchange rate
Financial analysis
Exercise rate or strike rate
35. An option that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset from another party at a fixed price over a specific period of time.
Call
Voluntary export restraint
Carrying amount (book value)
Liruit down
36. A ratio in property valua-tion; net operating income divided by sale price. Also known as the going-in rate.
Capital budgeting
Overall capitalization rate
Exhaustive
Cost recovery method
37. A form of data min-ing that applies information developed by previ-ous researchers using a dataset to guide curren t research using the same or a related dataset.
Intergenerational data mining
Sunk cost
Type II error
Likelibood
38. Plan in which the company promises to pay a certain annual amount (defined benefit) to the employee after retirement. The company bears the investment risk of the plan assets .
Efficient frontier
U.S. GAAP and uniting of interests under IFRS
Defined-benefit pension plans
Dividend discount model (DDM)
39. An act passed by the U.S. Con-gress in 1933 that specifies the financial and other significant information that investors must receive when securities are sold - prohibits misrepresenta-tions - and requires initial registration of all public issuance
Total probability rule for expected value
Securities Act of 1933
Industry structure
Lower bound
40. The preference some investors have for shares that exhibit certain characteristics.
Floor traders or locals
Clientele effect
Current cost
Justified (fundamental)
41. The risk attributed to the operating cost structure - in particular the use of fixed costs in operations; the risk arising from the mix of fixed and variable costs; the risk that a company's operations may be severely affected by environ-mental - soc
Operating risk
Present value of growth opportunities (or value of growth)
Accrued expenses (accrued liabilities)
Number of days of receivables
42. The science of describing - analyzing - and drawing conclusions from data; also - a collection of numerical data.
Notes payable
Statistics
Noncurrent
Safety stock
43. A dividend payout pol-icy under which earnings in excess of the funds necessary to finance the equity portion of com-pany's capital budget are paid out in dividends.
Yield beta
Residual dividend approach
Statistical inference
Perpetuity
44. An unlimited funds environment assumes that the company can raise the funds it wants for all profitable projects simply by paying the required rate of return.
Cost of goods sold
Autoregressive (AR) model
Amortizing and accreting swaps
Unlimited funds
45. The rate of return that must be met fora project to be accepted.
Hurdle rate
Capital charge
omparable company
Absolute valuation model
46. A model of intrinsic value that views the value of an asset as the present value of the asset's expected future cash flows.
Elasticity
Forward integration
Dutch Book theorem
Present value model or discounted cash flow model
47. A commercial imple-mentation of the residual income concept; the computation of EVA® is the net operating profit after taxes minus the cost of capital - where these inputs are adjusted for a number of items.
Economic value added (EVA)
Conglomerate discount
Temporal method
Settlement date or payment date
48. An intangible that can beacquired singly and is typically linked to specificrights or privileges having finite benefit periods(e.g. - a patent or trademark).
Identifiable intangible
Revenue
Financial risk
Event
49. A reduction or discount to value that reflects the lack of depth of trading or liquid-ity in that asset's market.
Linear regression
Differentiation
Liquidity discount
Cap
50. When settling a contract - the risk that one party could be in the process of paying the counterparty while the counterparty is declar-ing bankruptcy.
Capital charge
Look-ahead bias
Declaration date
Settlement risk
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