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CFA Level2 Vocab
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certifications
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cfa
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An option strategy involving the hold-ing of an asset and sale of a call on the asset.
Defined-contribution pension plans
Covered call
Benchmark value of the multiple
Multi-step format
2. A measure of the co-movement (linearassociation) between two random variables.
Covariance
Cash flow at risk (CFAR)
Mispricing
Discrete random variable
3. The accounting system of recording transactions in which every recorded transaction affects at least two accounts so as to keep the basic accounting equation (assets = liabilities + owners' equity) in balance.
Normalized
Double-entry accounting
Tender offer
Return on invested capital (ROIC)
4. Options that are far in-the-money.
Cost leadership
Cash ratio
Deep in the money
Historical equity risk premium approach
5. A merger involving the pur-chase of a target ahead of the acquirer in the value or production chain; for example - to acquire a supplier.
Active investment managers
Backward integration
Lessee
Upstream
6. Assets and liabilities with value equal to the amount of currency con-tracted for - a fixed amount of currency. Examples are cash - accounts receivable - mortgages receiv-able - accounts payable - bonds payable - and mort-gages payable. Inventory is
Share repurchase
Exp ected holding-period return
Number of days of payables
Monetary assets and liabilities
7. A factor related to the econ-omy - such as the inflation rate - industrial produc-tion - or economic sector membership. acroeconomic factor model A multifac tor model in which the factors are surprises in macroeco-nomic variables that significan tly
Macroeconomic factor
Derivative
Quantile (or fractile)
Active risk squared
8. The actual value of a variable minus its pre-dicted (or expected) value.
Surprise
Population variance
Portfolio implementation problem
Sharpe ratio
9. An approach to investing that typically begins with macroeconomic forecasts.
Income approach
Takeover
Rational efficient markets formulation
Top-down investing
10. The part of the execution step of the portfolio management process that involves the implementation of port-folio decisions by trading desks.
Homoskedasticity
Portfolio implementation problem
Cumulative relative frequency
Asset retirement obligations (AROs)
11. A linear regression model with two or more independent variables.
Return on common equity (ROCE)
Hypothesis testing
Performance appraisal
Multiple linear regression model
12. The annual percentage change in real CDP.
Economic growth rate
Sales
Offsetting
Nonlinear relation
13. Behavior on the part of a firm that allows it to comply with the letter of the law but violate the spirit - significantly lessening the law's effects.
Creative response
Opportunity set
Ex-dividend date
Dumping
14. 1) An agent who executes orders to buy orsell securities on behalf of a client in exchange for a commission. 2) See Futures commission merchants.
Cost leadership
Vega
Replacement value
Broker
15. A sample measure of the degree of a distribution's peakedness in excess of the normal distribution's peakedness.
Sample excess kurtosis
Interval
Contingent clain
Debit
16. The currency of the country where a company is located.
Gross profit argin
Local currency
Percentage-of-completion
Provision
17. A criterion asserting that the optimal portfolio is the one that minimizes the probability that portfolio return falls below a threshold level.
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18. The ratio of cash dividends paid to earnings for a period.
Presentation currency
Up transition probability
Conglomerate merger
Dividend payout ratio
19. A floating-rate note or bond in which the coupon is adjusted to move opposite to a benchmark interest rate.
Return on total capital
Active investment managers
Inverse floater
Standardized unexpected earnings (SUE)
20. A multivariate classification technique used to discriminate between groups - such as companies that either will or will not become bankrupt during some time frame.
Nontariff barrier
Activity ratios (asset utilization or operating efficiency ratios)
Yield
Discrintinant analysis
21. Arrangements that do not result in additional liabilities on the balance sheet but nonetheless create economic obligations.
Liquidity
Hedge ratio
Variance
Off-balance sheet imancing
22. The cash flow available to a company's common shareholders after all operat-ing expenses - interest - and principal payments have been made - and necessary investments in working and fixed capital have been made.
Present (price) value of a basis point (PVBP)
Free cash flow to equity
Indexing
Discount for lack of marketability
23. Debt (fixed-income) securities that a company intends to hold to matu-rity; these are presented at their original cost - updated for any amortization of discounts or pr.emiums.
Held-to-maturity investments
Cost of carry model
Random variable
Unearned fees
24. The analysis of the total variability of a dataset (such as observations on the dependent variable in a regression) into components representing different sources of variation; with reference to regression - ANOVA provides the inputs for an F-test of
Account
Derivatives dealers
Vesting date
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
25. A variation of VAR that reflects the risk of a company's cash flow instead of its market value.
Prior transaction method
Unexpected earnings (also earnings surprise)
Posterior probability
Cash flow at risk (CFAR)
26. A process used in a deliverable forward contract in which the long pays the agreed-upon price to the short - which in turn delivers the underlying asset to the long.
Residual income method (or excess earnings method)
Reorganization
Delivery
Market timing
27. An Activity ratio calculated as total revenue divided by average net fixed assets.
Arithmetic mean
Goodwill
Fixed asset turnover
Tax expense
28. Assets and liabili-ties that are not monetary assets and liabilities. Nonmonetary assets include inventory - fixed assets - and intangibles - and nonmonetary liabili-ties include deferred revenue.
A priori probability
Required rate of return
Nonmonetary assets and liabilities
Off-balance sheet imancing
29. A level of inventory beyond anticipated needs that provides a cushion in the event that it takes longer to replenish inventory than expected or in the case of greater than expected demand.
Tender offer
Taxable income
Error term
Safety stock
30. Options on individual stocks; also known as stock options.
Frequency distribution
Working capital turnover
Equity options
Structured note
31. CMT A hypothetical U.S. Treasury note with a constant maturity. A CMT exists for various years in the range of 2 to
Rational efficient markets formulation
Constant maturity treasury or
If-converted method
Single-step format
32. The risk associated with operating earnings. Operating earnings are uncertain because total revenues and many of the expendi-tures contributed to produce those revenues are uncertain.
Business risk
Earnings management activity
Government sector surplus or deficit
Working capital
33. Interest earned but not yet paid.
Defined-contribution pension plans
Current ratio
Bank discount basis
Accrued interest
34. Risk for which investors demand com-pensation for bearing (e.g. - equity risk - company-specific factors - macroeconomic factors).
Aging schedule
Block
Weighted-average cost of capital (WACC)
Priced risk
35. Investigation and analysis in support of a recommendation; the failure to exercise due diligence may sometimes result in liability accord-ing to various securities laws.
Reverse stock split
Independent
Due diligence
Overnight index swap (OIS)
36. The mix of debt and equity that a company uses to finance its business; a company's specific mixture of long-term financing.
Capital structure
Descriptive statistics
Number of days of receivables
Catalyst
37. A merger or acquisition in which target shareholders are to receive shares of the acquirer's common stock as compensation.
Lack of marketability discount
Securities offering
Safety stock
Semideviation
38. A company's ability to satisfY its short-term obligations using assets that are most readily con-verted into cash; the ability to trade a futures con-tract - either selling a previously purchased contract or purchasing a previously sold contract.
Dividend payout ratio
Liquidity
Dividend payout policy
First-differencing
39. (No longer allowed under U.S. GAAP or IFRS.)
Dividend rate
Investment constraints
U.S. GAAP and uniting of interests under IFRS
Orthogonal
40. The value of the U.S. dollar in terms of other currencies in the foreign exchange market.
Credit analysis
Captive rmance subsidiary
Exchange rate
Settlement risk
41. With reference to time-series mod-els - a model in which the growth rate of the time series as a function of time is constant.
Log-linear model
Measure of central tendency
Theory of contestable markets
Population mean
42. A regression estimation technique that addresses heteroskedasticity of the error term.
Valuation
Net realizable value
Generalized least squares
Present value (PV)
43. A bias caused by using information that was not available on the test date.
Sell-side analysts
Debt-to-assets ratio
Purchasing power parity
Look-ahead bias
44. A portfolio offering the highest expected return for a given level of risk as mea-sured by variance or standard deviation of return.
Vertical common-size analysis
Share repurchase
Efficient portfolio
Other comprehensive income
45. Aka Harmonic mean.
Implied yield
Weighted harmonic mean
Single-step format
Normalized
46. A valuation ratio calculated as price per share divided by book value per share.
Price to book value
Credit-linked notes
Historical exchange rates
Unclassified balance sheet
47. Describes a scale constructed so that equal intervals on the vertical scale represent equal rates of change - and equal intervals on the horizontal scale represent equal amounts of change.
Regression coefficients
Replacement value
Semilogarithmic
Statement of changes in shareholders' equity (state-ment of owners' equity)
48. A forecasting process in which the next period's value as predicted by the forecasting equation is substituted into the right-hand side of the equation to give a predicted value two periods ahead.
Chain rule of forecasting
Currency forward
Cost of debt
Nonstationarity
49. Segment profit (loss) divided by segment revenue.
Segment margin
Financial transaction
Capitalized inventory costs
Capital structure
50. Agency costs that are incurred despite adequate monitoring and bonding of management.
Forward integration
Residual loss
Guideline transactions method
Sales
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