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CFA Level2 Vocab
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certifications
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cfa
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A decision rule for choos-ing between two investments based on their means and variances.
Accounting profit (income before taxes or pretax income)
No-growth company
Aging schedule
Markowitz decision rule
2. An estimate of the average time that elapses between paying suppliers for materi-als and collecting cash from the subsequent sale of goods produced.
Net operating cycle
Per unit contribution margin
Financial transaction
Operating return on assets (operating
3. The present discounted value of future cash flows: For assets - the present dis-counted value of the future net cash inflows that the asset is expected to generate; for liabilities - the present discounted value of the future net cash outflows that a
Bond yield plus risk premium approach
Index amortizing swap
Locked limit
Present value (PV)
4. Earnings exclud-ing nonrecurring components.
Underlying earnings (or persistent earnings - continu-ing earnings - or core earnings)
Diff swaps
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
Multiple linear regression model
5. An option in which the holder has the right to make a known interest payment and receive an unknown interest payment.
Interest rate call
Bootstrapping earnings
Days of inventory on hand (DOH)
Defined benefit obligation
6. The ratio ofthe percentage change in operating income to the percentage change in units sold; the sensitivity of operating income to changes in units sold.
Probability function
Degree of operating leverage (DOL)
Current cost
Credit risk or default risk
7. A mean computed after assigning a stated percent of the lowest values equal to one specified low value - and a stated percent of the highest values equal to one specified high value.
Quartiles
Winsorized mean
Quintiles
Market timing
8. A distribution that specifies the probabilities of a random variable's possible outcomes.
Commodity option
Probability distribution
Lessor
Sampling
9. An annuity with a first cash flow that is paid one period from the present.
Units-of-production method
Ordinary annuity
Financial flexibility
Bear hug
10. Sales minus the cost of sales ~.e . - the cost of goods sold for a manufactur-ing cOlp pany) .
Horizontal common-size analysis
Gross profit (gross margin)
Sharpe's measure
Out-of-the-money
11. A forward contract in which the underlying is a foreign currency.
Temporal method
Split-rate
Market timing
Currency forward
12. Dummy variables used as dependent variables rather than as inde-pendent variables.
Cheapest to deliver
Infant-industry argument
Qualitative dependent variables
Exp ected holding-period return
13. The value to a specific buyer - tak-ing account of potential synergies based on the investor's requirements and expectations.
Credit-linked notes
Clientele effect
Investment value
Clean surplus relation
14. The amount of book value (also called carrying value) of common equity per share of common stock - calculated by dividing the book value of shareholders' equity by the num-ber of shares of common stock outstanding.
Book value equity per share
Covered call
Swap spread
Pyramiding
15. A transaction between two affiliates - an investor company and an associate company such that the investor company records a profit on its income statement. An example is a sale of inven-tory by the investor company to the associate.
Default risk premium
Lessor
Downstream
Interest coverage
16. Not symmetrical.
Working capital turnover
Skewed
Discount for lack of marketability
Heteroskedasticity
17. Desired investment outcomes; includes risk objectives and return objectives.
Investment objectives
Nominal risk-free interest rate
Price to sales
Binomial tree
18. A profitability ratio calculated as (net income - preferred divi-dends) divided by average common equity; equal to the return on equity ratio when no preferred equity is outstanding.
Return on common equity (ROCE)
Theta
Ex-dividend
Fixed exchange rate
19. Each value on a binomial tree from which suc-cessive moves or outcomes branch.
Financial distress
Node
Pecking order theory
Balance sheet (statement of fmandal position or state-ment of fmandal condition)
20. Assets less liabilities; the residual interest in the assets after subtracting the liabilities.
Mean excess return
Equity
Sampling error
At the money
21. The relationship amongputs - calls - and forward contracts.
Enhanced derivatives products companies (EDPC)
Grant date
Horizontal common-size analysis
Put-call-forward parity
22. The graph of the set of portfolios that have minimum variance for their level of expected return.
Minimum-variance frontier
Single-payment loan
Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors
Inverse floater
23. A purchase involving a buyer that would benefit from certain synergies associ-ated with owning the target firm.
Value at risk (VAR)
Strategic transaction
Capitalized inventory costs
Number of days of inventory
24. Serial correlation in which a positive e rror for one observation increases the chance of a negative error for another observation - and vice versa.
Floor
Negative serial correlation
Static trade-off theory of capital structure
Cash flow statement (statement of cash flows)
25. The price paid to buy an asset.
Earnings management activity
Entry price
Momentum indicators
Discount
26. The percentage of total earnings paid out in dividends in any given year (in per-share terms - DPS/ EPS).
Stress testing
Business risk
Payout ratio
Greenmail
27. The difference between the observed value of a statistic and the quantity it is intended to estimate.
Financial risk
Time-series data
Asset-based loan
Sampling error
28. The amount available for fixed costs and profit after paying variable costs; rev-enue minus variable costs.
Bernoulli random variable
Bottom-up investing
Mean reversion
Contribution margin
29. A procedure by which a population is divided into subpopulations (strata) based on one or more classification criteria. Sim-ple random samples are then drawn from each stratum in sizes proportional to the relative size of each stratum in the populati
Venturers
Estimated (or fitted) parameters
Stratified random sampling
Weighted mean
30. Method of valu-ing property based on recen t sales prices of simi-lar properties.
Direct sales-comparison approach
Acquisition method
Factor sensitivity (also factor betas or factor loadings)
Externality
31. A number between - 1 and + 1 that measures the co-movement (linear association) between two random variables.
Geometric mean
Bear hug
Downstream
Correlation
32. With reference to cash flow statements - a format for the presenta-tion of the statement which - in the operating cash flow section - begins with net income then shows additions and subtractions to arrive at operatingcash flow.
Indirect format (indirect method)
Sandwich spread
Commodity futures
Median
33. When a company is acquired and the purchase price is less than the fai r value of the net assets. The current treatment of the excess of fair value over the purchase price is diffe re t under IFRS and U.S. CAAP. The excess is never accounted for as n
Bargain purchase
Float
Market risk
ackwardation
34. An activity ratio calculated as cost of goods sold divided by average inventory.
Interest rate option
Bernoulli random variable
Yield to maturity
Inventory turnover
35. The differential of infor-mation between corporate insiders and outsiders regarding the company's performance and prospects. Managers typically have more informa-tion about the company's performance and prospects than owners and creditors.
synunetric information
Statistical factor models
Rule of 72
Time to expiration
36. An approach to using price multiples that relates a price multiple to forecasts of fundamentals through a discounted cash flow model.
Box spread
Share-the-gains - share-the-pains theory
Nominal scale
Method based on forecasted fundamentals
37. An accelerated depre-ciation method - i.e. - one that allocates a relativelylarge proportion of the cost of an asset to the early years of the asset's useful life.
Two-sided hypothesis test (or two-tailed hypothesis test)
Conditional expected value
Pure-play method
Diminishing balance method
38. An active investment strategy whereby the timing of cash outflows is not matched with investment maturities.
Traditional efficient markets formulation
Mismatching strategy
Going-concern value
Comprehensive income
39. With eference to grouped data - a se t or val-ues within w ich an observation falls.
Interval
Sharpe's measure
Deliveryoption
Absolute frequency
40. An entity (partnership - corporation - or other legal form) where control is shared by two or more entities called venturers.
Joint venture
Standardized beta
Purchasing power loss
Quantile (or fractile)
41. The positive square root of the sample variance.
Operating risk
Sample standard deviation
Capital allocation line (CAL)
Sample kurtosis
42. The actual amount paid for income taxes in the period; not a provision - but the actual cash outflow.
Income tax paid
Continuing residual income
Butterfly spread
Anticipation stock
43. An option strategy in which a position in an asset is converted to a risk-free position with a position in a specific number of options. The number of options per unit of the underlying changes through time - and the position must be revised to maint
Due diligence
Delta hedge
Nominal rate
Free cash flow hypothesis
44. Theories that posit that cor-porate executives are motivated to engage in mergers to maximize the size of their company rather than shareholder value.
Transaction exposure
Stock-out losses
Gross domestic product
Managerialism theories
45. The owners' remaining claim on the company's assets after the liabilities are deducted.
Residual claim
Leading dividend yield
Balance sheet ratios
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
46. CMT A hypothetical U.S. Treasury note with a constant maturity. A CMT exists for various years in the range of 2 to
Constant maturity treasury or
Cost-of-service regulation
Initial margin requirement
Book value equity per share
47. The probability-weighted average of the possible outcomes ofa random variable.
Managerialism theories
Linear trend
Expected value
Covered call
48. Aka 'Residual income. '
Discount for lack of marketability
Option
Economic profit
Receivables turnover
49. Costs borne by management to assure owners that they are working in the own-ers' best interest (e.g. - implicit cost of non-compete agreements).
Installment
Real exchange rate
Monetary assets and liabilities
Bonding costs
50. The buyer of a derivative contract. Also refers to the position of owning a derivative.
Gains
Real options
Long
Rule of 72
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