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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






2. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






3. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






4. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






5. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






6. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






7. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






8. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






9. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






10. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






11. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






12. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






13. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






14. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






15. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






16. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






17. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






18. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






19. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






20. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






21. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






22. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






23. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






24. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






25. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






26. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






27. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






28. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






29. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






30. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






31. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






32. A substance made up of two or more elements.






33. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






34. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






35. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






36. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






37. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






39. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






40. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






41. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






42. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






43. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






44. X + Y >> XY






45. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






46. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






47. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






48. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






49. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






50. Substance acted on by an enzyme.