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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






2. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






3. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






4. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






5. An animal's physiologic pH.






6. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






7. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






8. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






9. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






10. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






11. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






12. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






13. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






14. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






15. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






16. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






17. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






18. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






19. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






20. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






21. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






22. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






23. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






24. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






26. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






27. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






28. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






29. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






30. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






31. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






32. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






33. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






35. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






36. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






37. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






38. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






39. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






40. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






41. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






42. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






43. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






44. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






45. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






46. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






47. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






49. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






50. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.