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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






2. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






3. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






4. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






5. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






6. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






7. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






8. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






9. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






10. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






11. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






12. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






13. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






14. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






15. Positively charged ions.






16. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






17. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






18. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






19. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






20. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






21. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






22. X + Y >> XY






23. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






24. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






25. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






26. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






27. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






28. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






29. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






30. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






31. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






32. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






33. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






34. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






35. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






36. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






37. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






38. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






39. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






40. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






41. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






42. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






43. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






44. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






45. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






46. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






47. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






48. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






49. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






50. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.