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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






2. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






3. Positively charged ions.






4. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






5. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






6. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






7. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






8. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






9. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






10. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






11. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






12. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






13. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






14. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






15. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






16. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






17. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






18. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






19. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






20. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






21. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






22. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






23. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






24. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






25. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






26. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






27. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






28. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






29. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






30. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






31. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






32. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






33. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






34. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






35. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






36. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






37. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






38. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






39. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






40. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






41. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






42. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






43. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






44. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






45. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






46. A substance made up of two or more elements.






47. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






48. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






49. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






50. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.