Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






2. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






3. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






4. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






5. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






6. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






7. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






8. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






9. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






10. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






11. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






12. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






13. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






14. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






15. Positively charged ions.






16. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






17. A substance made up of two or more elements.






18. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






19. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






20. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






21. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






22. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






23. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






24. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






25. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






26. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






27. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






28. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






29. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






30. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






31. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






32. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






33. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






34. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






35. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






36. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






37. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






38. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






39. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






40. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






43. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






44. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






45. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






46. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






47. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






48. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






49. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






50. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.