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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






2. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






3. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






4. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






5. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






6. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






7. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






8. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






9. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






10. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






11. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






12. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






13. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






14. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






15. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






16. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






17. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






18. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






19. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






20. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






21. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






22. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






23. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






24. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






25. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






26. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






27. An animal's physiologic pH.






28. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






29. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






30. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






31. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






32. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






33. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






34. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






35. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






36. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






37. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






38. X + Y >> XY






39. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






40. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






41. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






42. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






43. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






44. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






45. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






46. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






47. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






48. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






49. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






50. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ