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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






2. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






3. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






4. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






5. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






6. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






7. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






8. XY >> X + Y






9. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






10. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






11. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






12. Positively charged ions.






13. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






14. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






15. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






16. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






17. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






18. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






19. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






20. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






21. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






22. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






23. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






24. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






25. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






26. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






27. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






28. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






29. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






30. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






31. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






32. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






33. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






34. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






35. X + Y >> XY






36. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






37. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






38. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






39. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






40. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






41. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






43. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






44. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






45. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






46. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






47. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






48. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






49. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






50. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.