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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






2. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






3. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






4. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






5. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






6. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






7. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






8. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






9. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






10. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






11. XY >> X + Y






12. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






13. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






14. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






15. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






16. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






17. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






18. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






19. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






20. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






21. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






22. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






23. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






24. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






25. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






26. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






27. An animal's physiologic pH.






28. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






29. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






30. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






31. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






32. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






33. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






34. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






35. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






36. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






37. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






38. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






39. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






40. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






41. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






42. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






43. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






44. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






45. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






46. Positively charged ions.






47. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






48. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






49. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.