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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






2. An animal's physiologic pH.






3. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






4. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






5. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






6. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






7. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






8. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






9. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






10. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






11. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






12. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






13. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






14. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






15. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






16. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






17. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






18. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






19. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






20. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






21. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






22. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






23. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






24. A substance made up of two or more elements.






25. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






26. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






27. X + Y >> XY






28. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






29. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






30. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






31. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






32. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






33. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






34. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






35. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






36. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






37. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






38. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






39. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






40. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






41. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






42. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






43. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






44. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






45. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






46. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






47. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






48. Positively charged ions.






49. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






50. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.