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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






2. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






3. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






4. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






5. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






6. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






7. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






8. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






9. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






10. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






11. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






12. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






13. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






14. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






15. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






16. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






17. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






18. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






19. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






20. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






21. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






22. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






23. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






24. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






25. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






26. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






27. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






28. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






29. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






30. Positively charged ions.






31. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






32. XY >> X + Y






33. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






34. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






35. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






36. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






37. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






38. X + Y >> XY






39. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






40. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






41. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






42. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






43. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






44. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






45. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






46. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






47. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






48. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






49. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






50. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.