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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Decomposition Reactions
Ions
Eicosanoid
Protein
2. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Product
Ionic Bond
Leukotrienes
3. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Solution
Protons
Atom
Radioactive Isotope
4. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipids
Atomic Nucleus
Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reaction
5. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Fatty Acid
Atomic Weight
Buffer
Synthesis Reaction
6. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Catalyst
Product
Protons
Nucleotide
7. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Rate of Decay
Iodine
Macromolecule
Chromosomes
8. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Sodium
Carbon
Glycoprotein
High- energy Bonds
9. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Substrate
Acids
Organic Compounds
Matter
10. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Hormone
Product
Ionic Bond
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
11. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Phospholipid
Electron Shell
High- energy Bonds
Lipoprotein
12. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Solution
Synthesis Reaction
Product
Protons
13. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Reactants
Organic Compounds
Polar Molecule
Triglyceride
14. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Reactants
Dehydration Synthesis...
Decomposition Reactions
15. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Chemical Symbol
Catalyst
Phospholipid
Unsaturated
16. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Inorganic Compound
Acids
Steroids
Fatty Acid
17. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
7.4
Polar Molecule
Adenosine Triphosphate
Compound
18. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Electron Shell
Product
Iron
Hydrolysis...
19. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Antibodies
Organic Compounds
Electrostatic Attraction
Chemical Reaction
20. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Elements
Salt
Electrostatic Attraction
Electron Shell
21. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Protein
Salt
Carbon
Lipoprotein
22. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Glycerol
Decomposition Reaction
Chemical Equation
23. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Polysaccharides
Unsaturated
Thromboxane
Elements
24. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Glycogen
Lipoprotein
Hydrophobic
Buffer
25. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Hydrophilic
Thromboxane
Dehydration Synthesis...
Polysaccharides
26. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Inorganic Compound
Atomic Nucleus
Protons
27. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Hexose Sugar
Antibodies
Bases
28. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Decomposition Reactions
Reactants
Radioactive Isotope
Bases
29. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Neutral Fats
Chemical Bond
Hormone
Synthesis Reaction
30. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Calcium
Atomic Number
Molecule
Tripeptide
31. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Weight
Bases
Glycerol
32. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Lipids
Solvent
Electrostatic Attraction
Hydrophobic
33. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Glycerol
Saturated
Monosaccarides
Unsaturated
34. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Exchange Reaction
Molecule
Triglyceride
Functional Protein
35. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Exchange Reaction
Polypeptide
Steroids
36. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Compound
Acids
Pentose Sugar
Glycogen
37. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Lipids
Solute
Polysaccharides
Synthesis Reaction
38. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
ATP
Product
Matter
Reactants
39. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Water
Thromboxane
Hormone
High- energy Bonds
40. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Protein
Anabolism
Hydrophobic
Polypeptide
41. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Monosaccarides
Atom
Ionic Bond
Cation
42. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Solution
Polysaccharides
Isotopes
Atom
43. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Matter
Ionic Bond
Saturated
Chromosomes
44. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Nucleic Acid
Dehydration Synthesis...
Hexose Sugar
Phospholipid
45. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Catabolism
Isotopes
Solvent
ATP
46. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Buffer
Synthesis Reaction
Polar Molecule
Hydrophilic
47. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Glycerol
Hexose Sugar
Isotopes
Hormone
48. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Protons
Sodium
Cation
49. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Phospholipid
Atom
Catabolism
Adenosine Triphosphate
50. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Monosaccarides
Chemical Symbol
Prostaglandin
Catabolism