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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Isotopes
Protons
Electron Shell
2. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Glycerol
Macromolecule
Lipids
Compound
3. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Catabolism
Cation
Synthesis Reaction
Chemical Reaction
4. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Hydrophilic
Thromboxane
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Salt
5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Decomposition Reaction
Activation Energy
Molecule
Iron
6. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Saturated
Catabolism
Dehydration Synthesis...
7. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Monosaccarides
Protons
Synthesis Reaction
Organic Compounds
8. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Rate of Decay
Elements
Nucleotide
9. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Fatty Acid
Prostaglandin
Hormone
Bases
10. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Polysaccharides
Functional Protein
Decomposition Reaction
Ionic Bond
11. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Chromosomes
Solution
Unsaturated
Salt
12. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Protons
Salt
Radioactive Isotope
Nucleic Acid
13. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Water
Monosaccarides
Electron Shell
Leukotrienes
14. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Hormone
Product
Iodine
Thromboxane
15. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Bases
ATP
Product
Electron Shell
16. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Bases
Calcium
Sodium
Monosaccarides
17. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Sodium
Triglyceride
Tripeptide
Covalent Bond
18. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Protons
Polysaccharides
Chemical Equation
Prostaglandin
19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Iodine
Catabolism
Acids
20. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Fatty Acid
Cation
Molecule
Catabolism
21. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Monosaccarides
Solution
Atomic Weight
Neutron
22. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Hydrophilic
Bases
Atomic Number
23. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Protein
Rate of Decay
Decomposition Reactions
Macromolecule
24. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Calcium
Synthesis Reaction
Glycoprotein
Solution
25. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Hormone
Water
Matter
Neutron
26. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Salt
Macromolecule
Neutral Fats
High- energy Bonds
27. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Activation Energy
Calcium
Fatty Acid
Atomic Number
28. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Hexose Sugar
Chemical Bond
Hormone
Polypeptide
29. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Bases
Cation
Saturated
Matter
30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Monosaccarides
Substrate
Organic Compounds
Anabolism
31. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Tripeptide
Nucleotide
Isotopes
Product
32. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Prostaglandin
Tripeptide
Leukotrienes
33. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Atom
Isotopes
Hexose Sugar
Nucleic Acid
34. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Covalent Bond
Elements
Hydrophilic
Monosaccarides
35. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Solution
Molecule
Substrate
Product
36. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Sodium
Inorganic Compound
Polypeptide
Chemical Reaction
37. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Solute
Leukotrienes
Potassium
Exchange Reaction
38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Nucleic Acid
Lipids
Chemical Symbol
Catalyst
39. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Phospholipid
Sodium
Salt
Organic Compounds
40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycogen
Atomic Number
Carbon
Thromboxane
41. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Potassium
Steroids
Macromolecule
Atom
42. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Carbon
Iron
Tripeptide
Neutral Fats
43. XY >> X + Y
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Decomposition Reaction
Pentose Sugar
Decomposition Reactions
44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Chemical Equation
Bases
Pentose Sugar
Saturated
45. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Chemical Equation
Hydrolysis...
Decomposition Reaction
Inorganic Compound
46. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Matter
Solute
Glycogen
Atomic Nucleus
47. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Calcium
Ionic Bond
Atom
Exchange Reaction
48. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Exchange Reaction
Atom
Lipids
Functional Protein
49. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Elements
Chromosomes
Isotopes
ATP
50. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Solute
Iodine
Nucleotide
Polar Molecule