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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






2. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






3. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






4. A substance made up of two or more elements.






5. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






6. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






7. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






8. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






9. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






10. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






11. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






12. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






13. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






14. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






15. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






16. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






17. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






18. X + Y >> XY






19. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






20. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






21. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






22. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






23. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






24. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






25. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






26. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






27. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






28. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






29. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






30. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






31. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






32. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






33. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






34. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






35. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






36. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






37. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






38. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






39. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






40. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






41. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






42. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






43. Positively charged ions.






44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






45. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






46. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






47. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






48. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






49. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






50. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.