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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






2. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






3. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






4. XY >> X + Y






5. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






6. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






7. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






8. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






9. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






10. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






11. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






12. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






13. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






14. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






15. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






17. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






18. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






19. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






20. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






21. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






22. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






23. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






24. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






25. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






26. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






27. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






28. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






29. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






30. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






31. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






32. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






33. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






34. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






35. An animal's physiologic pH.






36. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






37. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






38. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






39. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






40. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






41. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






42. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






43. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






44. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






45. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






46. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






47. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






48. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






49. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






50. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.