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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






2. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






3. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






4. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






5. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






6. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






7. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






8. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






9. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






10. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






11. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






12. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






13. Positively charged ions.






14. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






15. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






16. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






17. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






19. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






20. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






21. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






22. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






23. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






24. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






25. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






26. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






27. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






28. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






29. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






30. A substance made up of two or more elements.






31. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






32. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






33. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






34. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






35. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






36. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






37. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






38. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






39. X + Y >> XY






40. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






41. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






42. An animal's physiologic pH.






43. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






44. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






45. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






46. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






47. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






48. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






49. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






50. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.