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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






2. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






3. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






4. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






5. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






6. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






7. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






8. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






9. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






10. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






11. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






12. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






13. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






14. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






15. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






16. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






17. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






18. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






19. Positively charged ions.






20. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






21. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






22. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






23. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






24. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






25. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






26. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






27. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






28. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






29. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






30. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






31. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






32. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






33. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






34. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






35. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






36. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






37. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






38. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






39. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






40. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






41. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






42. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






43. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






44. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






45. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






46. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






47. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






48. X + Y >> XY






49. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






50. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.