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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






2. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






3. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






4. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






5. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






6. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






7. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






8. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






9. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






10. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






11. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






12. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






13. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






14. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






15. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






16. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






17. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






18. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






19. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






20. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






21. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






22. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






23. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






24. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






25. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






26. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






27. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






28. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






29. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






30. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






31. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






32. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






33. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






34. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






35. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






36. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






37. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






38. An animal's physiologic pH.






39. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






40. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






41. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






42. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






43. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






44. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






45. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






46. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






47. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






48. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






49. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






50. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.







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