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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






2. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






3. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






4. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






5. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






6. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






7. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






8. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






9. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






10. An animal's physiologic pH.






11. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






12. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






13. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






14. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






15. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






16. X + Y >> XY






17. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






18. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






19. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






20. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






21. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






22. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






23. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






24. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






25. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






26. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






27. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






28. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






29. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






30. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






31. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






32. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






33. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






34. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






35. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






36. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






37. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






38. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






39. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






40. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






41. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






42. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






43. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






44. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






45. XY >> X + Y






46. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






47. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






48. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






49. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






50. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.