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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






2. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






3. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






4. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






5. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






6. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






7. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






8. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






9. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






10. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






11. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






12. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






13. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






15. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






16. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






17. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






19. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






20. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






21. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






22. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






23. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






24. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






25. Positively charged ions.






26. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






27. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






28. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






29. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






30. XY >> X + Y






31. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






32. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






33. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






34. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






35. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






36. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






38. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






39. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






40. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






41. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






43. A substance made up of two or more elements.






44. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






45. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






46. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






47. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






48. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






49. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






50. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.