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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Hexose Sugar
Atomic Weight
Chemical Bond
Polar Molecule
2. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Ionic Bond
Atom
Dehydration Synthesis...
Glycerol
3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Macromolecule
Bases
Pentose Sugar
Leukotrienes
4. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Steroids
Sodium
Catabolism
Neutral Fats
5. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Isotopes
Glycogen
Decomposition Reaction
Antibodies
6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Substrate
Catalyst
Unsaturated
Monosaccarides
7. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
ATP
Atom
Polar Molecule
Tripeptide
8. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Nucleic Acid
Chemical Symbol
Isotopes
Hydrolysis...
9. Positively charged ions.
Cation
Elements
Iron
Decomposition Reactions
10. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Hormone
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Salt
Electron Shell
11. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Nucleotide
Monosaccarides
Polysaccharides
Eicosanoid
12. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Buffer
Hydrolysis...
Nucleic Acid
Atom
13. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Carbon
Catabolism
Hormone
Polysaccharides
14. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Pentose Sugar
Salt
Eicosanoid
15. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Substrate
Chemical Bond
Protons
Atomic Nucleus
16. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Covalent Bond
Steroids
Water
Atomic Nucleus
17. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Salt
Synthesis Reaction
Substrate
Glycerol
18. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Neutron
High- energy Bonds
Functional Protein
Radioactive Isotope
19. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Product
Water
Acids
Organic Compounds
20. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Chemical Bond
7.4
ATP
Rate of Decay
21. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Fatty Acid
Prostaglandin
Inorganic Compound
Hydrophilic
22. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Electron Shell
Molecule
Organic Compounds
Ionic Bond
23. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Rate of Decay
Lipoprotein
Atomic Weight
Anabolism
24. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Catalyst
Glycogen
Hydrophobic
Buffer
25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Solute
Elements
Calcium
Electrostatic Attraction
26. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Organic Compounds
Hydrolysis...
Solvent
Electron Shell
27. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Hydrolysis...
Nucleic Acid
Iodine
Reactants
28. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Cation
Synthesis Reaction
Macromolecule
Organic Compounds
29. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Chemical Reaction
Compound
Chemical Equation
Sodium
30. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Protons
Activation Energy
Nucleotide
Macromolecule
31. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Synthesis Reaction
7.4
Functional Group
Lipoprotein
32. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Polar Molecule
Radioactive Isotope
Atomic Nucleus
33. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
ATP
High- energy Bonds
Steroids
34. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Saturated
Isotopes
Monosaccarides
Electron Shell
35. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Matter
Prostaglandin
High- energy Bonds
Product
36. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Atomic Nucleus
Fatty Acid
Calcium
37. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Solution
Radioactive Isotope
Decomposition Reactions
Catalyst
38. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Chemical Reaction
Matter
Compound
Fatty Acid
39. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Bases
Inorganic Compound
Activation Energy
Steroids
40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycogen
Synthesis Reaction
Chemical Symbol
Pentose Sugar
41. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Chemical Symbol
Molecule
Organic Compounds
Solute
42. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Carbon
Matter
Antibodies
43. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Exchange Reaction
Reactants
Lipoprotein
44. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Iodine
Compound
Tripeptide
Polar Molecule
45. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Hydrolysis...
Reactants
7.4
Glycerol
46. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Anabolism
Glycogen
Solute
Isotopes
47. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Solvent
Decomposition Reactions
Compound
Adenosine Triphosphate
48. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Polysaccharides
Chromosomes
Protein
Iron
49. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Carbon
Polypeptide
Hydrophilic
Solution
50. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Glycoprotein
Tripeptide
Steroids
7.4