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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Glycoprotein
Adenosine Triphosphate
Phospholipid
Buffer
2. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Hormone
Ionic Bond
Catabolism
Antibodies
3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Nucleic Acid
Solvent
Chemical Bond
ATP
4. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Sodium
Electrostatic Attraction
Atomic Number
Lipids
5. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Monosaccarides
Macromolecule
Triglyceride
Adenosine Triphosphate
6. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Prostaglandin
Lipoprotein
Steroids
Sodium
7. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Reactants
Covalent Bond
Electron Shell
Steroids
8. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Atomic Nucleus
Solution
Anabolism
Inorganic Compound
9. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Covalent Bond
Glycerol
Leukotrienes
High- energy Bonds
10. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Antibodies
Compound
Organic Compounds
Nucleotide
11. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Calcium
Nucleic Acid
Eicosanoid
Atomic Weight
12. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Carbon
Isotopes
Eicosanoid
Unsaturated
13. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Nucleic Acid
Hydrolysis...
Solvent
Iron
14. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Synthesis Reaction
Neutron
Exchange Reaction
Salt
15. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Synthesis Reaction
Neutral Fats
Eicosanoid
Iron
16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Nucleotide
Chemical Equation
Phospholipid
Eicosanoid
17. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Buffer
Phospholipid
Carbon
Hydrophilic
18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Inorganic Compound
Activation Energy
Glycogen
Neutron
19. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
7.4
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Organic Compounds
Electrostatic Attraction
20. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Cation
Calcium
Hormone
Iodine
21. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Rate of Decay
Substrate
Chromosomes
22. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Iron
Neutral Fats
Fatty Acid
Synthesis Reaction
23. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Leukotrienes
Steroids
Eicosanoid
24. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Atomic Nucleus
Tripeptide
Atomic Weight
Nucleic Acid
25. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Catalyst
Salt
Solution
26. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Decomposition Reactions
27. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Hydrolysis...
Anabolism
Synthesis Reaction
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
28. XY >> X + Y
Carbon
Nucleotide
Decomposition Reaction
Functional Group
29. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Decomposition Reactions
Water
Solution
Atomic Weight
30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Protein
Neutral Fats
Substrate
Anabolism
31. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Protons
Reactants
Solvent
32. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Atom
Lipoprotein
Rate of Decay
Nucleic Acid
33. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Bases
Thromboxane
Inorganic Compound
Nucleotide
34. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Solution
Ionic Bond
ATP
Activation Energy
35. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Atomic Number
Prostaglandin
Eicosanoid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
36. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Buffer
Macromolecule
Calcium
Substrate
37. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Substrate
Anabolism
Neutral Fats
38. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Reactants
Exchange Reaction
Glycoprotein
Solvent
39. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Potassium
Activation Energy
Chemical Equation
Dehydration Synthesis...
40. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Matter
Hexose Sugar
Fatty Acid
Atomic Nucleus
41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Acids
Substrate
Carbon
42. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Ionic Bond
Solution
Protein
Iodine
43. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Prostaglandin
Thromboxane
Atomic Nucleus
Phospholipid
44. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Glycoprotein
Polypeptide
Glycerol
Thromboxane
45. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Atomic Weight
Ions
Chemical Symbol
Calcium
46. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Atom
Atomic Number
Synthesis Reaction
Reactants
47. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Catalyst
Lipoprotein
Lipids
Phospholipid
48. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Sodium
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Weight
Rate of Decay
49. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Solvent
Chemical Reaction
Atom
50. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Substrate
Lipoprotein
Leukotrienes
Acids