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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Product
Synthesis Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Lipids
2. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Functional Group
Hydrolysis...
Antibodies
3. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Covalent Bond
Atomic Number
Antibodies
Polar Molecule
4. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Buffer
Hydrophilic
Calcium
Hexose Sugar
5. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Glycoprotein
Atom
Solute
Monosaccarides
6. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Phospholipid
Lipoprotein
Chemical Reaction
Iodine
7. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Decomposition Reactions
Elements
Dehydration Synthesis...
Chromosomes
8. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Covalent Bond
Neutron
Neutral Fats
Lipoprotein
9. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Electron Shell
Glycogen
Hydrophilic
Neutral Fats
10. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Radioactive Isotope
7.4
Protein
Polar Molecule
11. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Fatty Acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Leukotrienes
Compound
12. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Glycoprotein
High- energy Bonds
Fatty Acid
ATP
13. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Radioactive Isotope
Atom
Fatty Acid
14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Protons
Atomic Weight
Reactants
Radioactive Isotope
15. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Hydrolysis...
Buffer
Catabolism
Chemical Symbol
16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Ionic Bond
Iodine
Covalent Bond
7.4
17. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Steroids
Atomic Weight
Atomic Number
Adenosine Triphosphate
18. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Steroids
Isotopes
Ions
Glycogen
19. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
7.4
Iodine
Leukotrienes
Nucleotide
20. X + Y >> XY
Unsaturated
Synthesis Reaction
Phospholipid
Functional Protein
21. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Electron Shell
Polypeptide
Polar Molecule
Inorganic Compound
22. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Chemical Symbol
Anabolism
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Chromosomes
23. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Solvent
Macromolecule
Organic Compounds
Electron Shell
24. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Hydrophobic
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Carbon
High- energy Bonds
25. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Protein
Chemical Symbol
Solvent
Chemical Bond
26. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Number
Pentose Sugar
Synthesis Reaction
27. Positively charged ions.
Chromosomes
Reactants
Protons
Cation
28. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Prostaglandin
Nucleotide
Salt
29. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Solvent
Exchange Reaction
Product
Phospholipid
30. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Radioactive Isotope
Iodine
Chemical Bond
Unsaturated
31. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Exchange Reaction
Steroids
Bases
Hormone
32. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Atomic Number
Phospholipid
Hydrophobic
Solution
33. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Glycoprotein
Reactants
Ionic Bond
Electron Shell
34. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Decomposition Reactions
Buffer
Matter
Glycerol
35. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Glycerol
Sodium
Activation Energy
Synthesis Reaction
36. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Atomic Nucleus
ATP
Catalyst
37. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Rate of Decay
Iron
Potassium
Adenosine Triphosphate
38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Phospholipid
Catabolism
Lipids
Organic Compounds
39. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Hydrophobic
7.4
Substrate
Functional Protein
40. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Electrostatic Attraction
Calcium
Atom
Molecule
41. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Chemical Equation
Catabolism
High- energy Bonds
Steroids
42. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Organic Compounds
Molecule
Inorganic Compound
Synthesis Reaction
43. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Glycogen
High- energy Bonds
Anabolism
44. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Decomposition Reaction
Neutral Fats
Solvent
Chemical Equation
45. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Reactants
Leukotrienes
Hydrophobic
Anabolism
46. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
7.4
Chromosomes
Protons
Ions
47. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Catabolism
Hexose Sugar
Iodine
Decomposition Reaction
48. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Covalent Bond
Glycoprotein
Nucleotide
Neutral Fats
49. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
7.4
Catalyst
Lipoprotein
Glycerol
50. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
High- energy Bonds
Electron Shell
Polysaccharides
Product