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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






2. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






3. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






4. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






5. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






6. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






7. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






8. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






9. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






10. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






11. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






12. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






13. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






15. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






16. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






17. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






18. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






19. X + Y >> XY






20. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






21. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






22. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






23. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






24. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






25. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






26. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






27. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






28. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






29. A substance made up of two or more elements.






30. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






31. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






32. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






33. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






35. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






36. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






37. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






38. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






39. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






40. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






41. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






42. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






43. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






44. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






45. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






46. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






47. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






48. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






49. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






50. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.