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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






2. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






3. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






4. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






5. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






7. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






9. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






10. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






11. X + Y >> XY






12. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






13. Positively charged ions.






14. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






15. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






16. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






17. An animal's physiologic pH.






18. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






19. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






20. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






21. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






22. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






23. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






24. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






25. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






26. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






27. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






28. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






29. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






30. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






31. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






32. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






33. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






34. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






35. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






36. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






37. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






38. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






39. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






40. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






41. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






42. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






43. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






44. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






45. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






46. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






47. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






48. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






49. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






50. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.