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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






4. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






5. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






7. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






8. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






9. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






10. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






11. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






12. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






13. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






14. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






15. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






16. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






17. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






18. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






19. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






20. A substance made up of two or more elements.






21. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






22. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






23. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






24. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






25. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






26. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






27. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






28. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






29. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






30. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






31. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






32. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






33. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






34. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






35. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






36. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






37. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






38. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






39. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






40. X + Y >> XY






41. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






42. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






43. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






44. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






45. Positively charged ions.






46. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






47. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






48. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






49. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






50. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.







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