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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Polysaccharides
ATP
Molecule
Decomposition Reaction
2. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Water
Antibodies
Neutron
Hydrophilic
3. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Atomic Weight
Molecule
Glycogen
Acids
4. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Tripeptide
Saturated
Fatty Acid
Polypeptide
5. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Radioactive Isotope
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Substrate
Chemical Reaction
6. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Nucleotide
Unsaturated
Protons
Decomposition Reactions
7. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Chemical Symbol
Hydrophilic
Buffer
Triglyceride
8. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Exchange Reaction
Electrostatic Attraction
Lipoprotein
Adenosine Triphosphate
9. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Thromboxane
Functional Protein
Catabolism
Triglyceride
10. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Steroids
Phospholipid
High- energy Bonds
Decomposition Reaction
11. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Macromolecule
Polar Molecule
Ions
12. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Decomposition Reactions
Functional Protein
Solution
Thromboxane
13. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Lipoprotein
Neutral Fats
Reactants
Ions
14. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Hexose Sugar
Isotopes
Ions
Decomposition Reactions
15. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Calcium
Ions
Iodine
Buffer
16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Atomic Nucleus
Neutral Fats
Ionic Bond
Iodine
17. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Catabolism
Synthesis Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Electron Shell
18. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Water
Neutron
Phospholipid
Compound
19. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Decomposition Reaction
Buffer
Neutral Fats
Catalyst
20. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Atomic Number
Glycerol
Macromolecule
Antibodies
21. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Saturated
Activation Energy
Inorganic Compound
Antibodies
22. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Polar Molecule
Hormone
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Nucleus
23. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Inorganic Compound
Hydrolysis...
Chemical Equation
Iodine
24. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Chemical Bond
Hydrophobic
Triglyceride
25. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Chromosomes
Iron
Substrate
Activation Energy
26. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Saturated
Thromboxane
Substrate
Activation Energy
27. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Synthesis Reaction
Antibodies
Dehydration Synthesis...
Chemical Symbol
28. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Neutral Fats
Lipoprotein
Nucleotide
Hydrolysis...
29. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Molecule
Covalent Bond
Polysaccharides
Chemical Symbol
30. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Monosaccarides
Catabolism
Chromosomes
Saturated
31. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Catalyst
Fatty Acid
Synthesis Reaction
Leukotrienes
32. An animal's physiologic pH.
Potassium
7.4
Molecule
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
33. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
ATP
Catalyst
Glycerol
Triglyceride
34. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Bases
Monosaccarides
Activation Energy
Glycoprotein
35. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Neutral Fats
Bases
Compound
Macromolecule
36. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
ATP
Reactants
Polar Molecule
Glycogen
37. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Atomic Number
Steroids
Nucleotide
Cation
38. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycogen
Exchange Reaction
Rate of Decay
Dehydration Synthesis...
39. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Solution
Chemical Bond
Hexose Sugar
Polypeptide
40. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Eicosanoid
Rate of Decay
Polypeptide
ATP
41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Chemical Symbol
Saturated
Macromolecule
Rate of Decay
42. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Eicosanoid
Neutron
Ionic Bond
43. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Elements
Acids
Chemical Equation
44. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Hormone
Inorganic Compound
Macromolecule
Eicosanoid
45. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Hormone
High- energy Bonds
Functional Protein
Organic Compounds
46. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Organic Compounds
Bases
Solvent
Lipids
47. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Neutral Fats
Isotopes
Atomic Nucleus
Atomic Weight
48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Triglyceride
Polysaccharides
Chromosomes
Glycogen
49. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Acids
Atomic Number
Sodium
Atomic Nucleus
50. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Substrate
Lipoprotein
Matter