Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






2. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






3. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






4. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






5. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






6. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






7. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






8. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






9. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






10. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






11. A substance made up of two or more elements.






12. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






13. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






15. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






17. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






18. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






19. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






20. X + Y >> XY






21. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






22. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






23. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






24. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






25. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






26. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






27. Positively charged ions.






28. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






29. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






30. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






31. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






32. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






33. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






34. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






35. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






36. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






37. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






39. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






40. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






41. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






42. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






43. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






44. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






45. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






46. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






47. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






48. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






49. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






50. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.