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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






3. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






4. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






5. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






6. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






7. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






8. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






9. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






10. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






11. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






12. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






13. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






14. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






15. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






16. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






17. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






18. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






19. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






20. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






21. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






22. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






23. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






24. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






25. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






26. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






27. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






28. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






29. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






30. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






31. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






32. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






33. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






34. A substance made up of two or more elements.






35. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






36. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






37. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






38. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






39. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






40. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






41. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






42. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






43. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






44. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






45. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






46. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






47. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






48. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






49. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






50. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.