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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






2. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






3. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






4. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






5. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






6. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






7. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






8. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






9. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






10. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






11. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






12. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






13. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






14. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






15. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






16. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






17. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






18. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






19. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






20. Positively charged ions.






21. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






22. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






23. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






24. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






25. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






26. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






27. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






28. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






29. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






30. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






31. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






32. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






33. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






34. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






35. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






36. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






37. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






38. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






39. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






40. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






41. An animal's physiologic pH.






42. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






43. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






44. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






45. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






46. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






47. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






48. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






49. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






50. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.