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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






2. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






3. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






4. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






5. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






6. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






7. X + Y >> XY






8. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






9. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






10. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






11. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






12. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






13. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






14. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






15. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






16. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






17. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






18. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






20. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






21. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






22. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






23. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






24. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






25. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






26. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






27. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






28. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






29. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






30. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






31. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






32. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






33. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






34. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






35. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






36. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






37. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






38. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






39. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






41. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






42. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






43. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






44. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






45. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






46. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






47. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






48. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






49. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






50. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.