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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






2. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






3. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






4. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






5. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






6. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






7. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






8. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






9. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






10. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






11. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






12. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






13. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






14. XY >> X + Y






15. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






16. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






17. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






18. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






19. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






20. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






21. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






22. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






23. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






24. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






25. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






26. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






27. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






28. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






29. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






30. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






31. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






32. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






33. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






35. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






36. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






37. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






38. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






39. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






40. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






41. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






42. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






43. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






44. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






45. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






46. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






47. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






48. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






49. An animal's physiologic pH.






50. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ