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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 20 minutes. 2 minutes extra for reading the instructions.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






2. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






3. X + Y >> XY






4. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






5. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






6. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






7. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






8. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






9. Positively charged ions.






10. XY >> X + Y






11. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






12. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






13. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






14. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






15. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






16. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






17. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






18. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






19. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






20. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






21. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






22. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






23. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






24. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






25. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






26. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






27. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






28. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






29. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






31. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






32. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






33. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






34. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






35. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






36. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






37. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






38. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






39. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






40. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






41. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






43. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






44. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






45. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






46. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






47. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






48. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






49. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






50. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.