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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






2. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






3. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






4. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






6. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






7. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






8. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






9. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






10. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






11. Positively charged ions.






12. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






13. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






14. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






15. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






16. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






17. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






18. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






19. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






20. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






21. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






22. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






23. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






24. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






25. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






26. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






27. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






28. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






29. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






30. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






31. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






32. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






33. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






34. XY >> X + Y






35. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






36. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






37. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






38. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






39. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






40. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






41. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






42. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






43. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






44. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






45. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






46. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






47. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






49. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






50. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.







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