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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






2. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






3. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






4. Positively charged ions.






5. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






6. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






7. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






8. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






9. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






10. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






11. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






12. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






13. X + Y >> XY






14. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






15. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






16. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






17. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






18. A substance made up of two or more elements.






19. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






20. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






21. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






22. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






23. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






24. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






25. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






26. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






27. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






28. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






29. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






31. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






32. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






33. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






34. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






35. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






36. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






37. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






38. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






39. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






40. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






41. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






42. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






43. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






44. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






45. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






46. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






47. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






48. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






49. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






50. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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