Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






2. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






3. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






4. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






5. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






6. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






7. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






8. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






9. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






10. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






11. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






12. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






13. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






14. Positively charged ions.






15. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






16. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






17. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






18. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






19. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






20. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






21. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






22. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






23. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






24. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






25. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






26. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






27. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






28. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






29. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






30. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






31. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






32. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






33. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






34. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






35. XY >> X + Y






36. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






37. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






38. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






39. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






40. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






41. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






42. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






43. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






44. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






45. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






46. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






47. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






48. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






49. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






50. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.