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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Substrate
ATP
Unsaturated
Bases
2. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Covalent Bond
Synthesis Reaction
Buffer
Glycogen
3. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Bases
Steroids
Molecule
Nucleic Acid
4. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Elements
Solvent
Neutron
Decomposition Reactions
5. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Synthesis Reaction
Organic Compounds
Covalent Bond
Solution
6. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Product
Hydrophilic
Reactants
Chromosomes
7. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Ions
Protons
Atom
Solute
8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Functional Group
Sodium
Decomposition Reactions
Triglyceride
9. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Iodine
Protons
Acids
Radioactive Isotope
10. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Catabolism
Solute
Molecule
11. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Polypeptide
Neutron
Iron
Protons
12. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Ionic Bond
Exchange Reaction
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Functional Group
13. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Organic Compounds
Buffer
Bases
Polar Molecule
14. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
7.4
Polar Molecule
Bases
15. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Carbon
Isotopes
Polypeptide
Saturated
16. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Organic Compounds
Catabolism
Protons
ATP
17. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Chemical Symbol
Electron Shell
Eicosanoid
Glycerol
18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Ionic Bond
Adenosine Triphosphate
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
7.4
19. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Solute
Ions
Inorganic Compound
Antibodies
20. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Catabolism
Rate of Decay
Decomposition Reaction
Hormone
21. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Salt
Functional Group
Compound
Saturated
22. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Compound
Elements
Atomic Number
Chemical Symbol
23. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Monosaccarides
Polypeptide
Nucleotide
Salt
24. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Hormone
Saturated
Solute
Molecule
25. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Functional Group
Electron Shell
Decomposition Reaction
Inorganic Compound
26. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Iron
Atomic Nucleus
Lipids
Macromolecule
27. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Isotopes
Ionic Bond
Water
Product
28. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Steroids
Solution
Leukotrienes
29. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Activation Energy
Calcium
Phospholipid
Synthesis Reaction
30. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Nucleotide
Anabolism
Dehydration Synthesis...
Rate of Decay
31. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Radioactive Isotope
Electrostatic Attraction
Electron Shell
Functional Protein
32. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Bases
Hydrolysis...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Decomposition Reactions
33. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Matter
34. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Decomposition Reactions
Nucleic Acid
Product
Macromolecule
35. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Bases
Exchange Reaction
Electrostatic Attraction
Fatty Acid
36. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Pentose Sugar
Anabolism
Glycoprotein
Compound
37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Reactants
Synthesis Reaction
Lipoprotein
Hexose Sugar
38. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Glycoprotein
Phospholipid
Triglyceride
Catalyst
39. XY >> X + Y
Lipids
Decomposition Reaction
Electron Shell
Inorganic Compound
40. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Polypeptide
Lipids
Potassium
Calcium
41. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Functional Group
Elements
Tripeptide
Triglyceride
42. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Cation
Hydrophobic
Atomic Weight
Ions
43. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Protein
Ionic Bond
Anabolism
Activation Energy
44. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Chemical Reaction
Thromboxane
Protons
Hormone
45. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
Saturated
Atomic Nucleus
Glycerol
46. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Neutron
Pentose Sugar
Iodine
Catabolism
47. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Chemical Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Solvent
Decomposition Reactions
48. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Lipids
Catalyst
Isotopes
Neutron
49. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Glycogen
Sodium
Carbon
Protons
50. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Fatty Acid
Monosaccarides
Leukotrienes
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