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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






2. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






3. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






4. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






5. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






6. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






7. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






8. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






9. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






10. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






11. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






12. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






13. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






14. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






15. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






16. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






17. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






18. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






20. XY >> X + Y






21. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






22. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






23. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






24. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






25. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






26. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






27. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






28. A substance made up of two or more elements.






29. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






30. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






31. Positively charged ions.






32. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






33. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






34. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






35. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






36. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






38. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






39. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






40. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






41. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






42. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






43. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






44. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






45. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






46. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






47. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






48. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






49. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






50. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.