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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






2. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






3. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






4. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






5. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






6. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






7. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






8. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






9. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






10. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






11. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






12. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






13. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






14. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






15. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






16. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






17. Positively charged ions.






18. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






19. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






20. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






21. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






22. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






23. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






24. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






25. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






26. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






27. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






28. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






29. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






30. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






31. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






32. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






33. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






34. A substance made up of two or more elements.






35. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






36. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






37. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






38. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






39. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






40. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






41. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






42. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






43. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






44. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






45. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






46. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






47. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






48. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






49. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






50. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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