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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Reaction
Ionic Bond
Prostaglandin
Radioactive Isotope
2. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
High- energy Bonds
Prostaglandin
Product
Triglyceride
3. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Chemical Bond
Atomic Nucleus
Lipoprotein
Polar Molecule
4. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Atomic Number
Calcium
Glycerol
5. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Saturated
Prostaglandin
Functional Protein
Exchange Reaction
6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Tripeptide
Iron
Neutron
Ions
7. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Molecule
Radioactive Isotope
Lipids
Electron Shell
8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Calcium
Steroids
Decomposition Reactions
Eicosanoid
9. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Polar Molecule
Polysaccharides
Organic Compounds
Glycerol
10. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Anabolism
Polysaccharides
Cation
Atomic Nucleus
11. X + Y >> XY
Hydrolysis...
Synthesis Reaction
Iron
Potassium
12. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycogen
Chromosomes
Solvent
Leukotrienes
13. Positively charged ions.
Chemical Reaction
Lipids
Cation
Molecule
14. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Chemical Symbol
Product
Exchange Reaction
Antibodies
15. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Atomic Weight
Prostaglandin
Exchange Reaction
Solute
16. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Molecule
Chemical Bond
Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
17. An animal's physiologic pH.
7.4
Molecule
Chromosomes
Protein
18. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Activation Energy
Organic Compounds
Polysaccharides
Atomic Weight
19. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Synthesis Reaction
Iodine
Isotopes
20. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Lipoprotein
Ionic Bond
Calcium
Catalyst
21. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Neutron
Inorganic Compound
Glycoprotein
Substrate
22. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Acids
Electron Shell
Hydrophilic
23. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Nucleic Acid
Exchange Reaction
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Glycoprotein
24. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Atomic Weight
Iodine
Lipoprotein
Tripeptide
25. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Substrate
7.4
Tripeptide
Atom
26. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Bases
Iron
Polypeptide
Steroids
27. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reactions
Catabolism
Thromboxane
28. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Saturated
Chemical Symbol
Reactants
Monosaccarides
29. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Pentose Sugar
Solution
Ionic Bond
Water
30. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Chromosomes
Sodium
Glycoprotein
31. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Covalent Bond
Triglyceride
Polypeptide
Radioactive Isotope
32. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
ATP
Atomic Number
Elements
Chemical Equation
33. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Hexose Sugar
Iodine
ATP
Compound
34. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Hydrophilic
Iron
Rate of Decay
Saturated
35. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Thromboxane
Functional Group
Adenosine Triphosphate
36. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Steroids
Hexose Sugar
Polypeptide
37. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Chemical Equation
Prostaglandin
Triglyceride
Solvent
38. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
High- energy Bonds
Macromolecule
Calcium
Organic Compounds
39. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Glycoprotein
Solvent
Rate of Decay
Iron
40. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Substrate
Chromosomes
Chemical Symbol
Solvent
41. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Activation Energy
Glycerol
Organic Compounds
42. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Antibodies
Decomposition Reactions
Glycogen
43. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Radioactive Isotope
Calcium
Antibodies
Synthesis Reaction
44. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Macromolecule
Neutral Fats
Nucleic Acid
Synthesis Reaction
45. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Acids
High- energy Bonds
Salt
Rate of Decay
46. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iodine
Eicosanoid
Glycerol
Rate of Decay
47. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Polysaccharides
Ions
Hydrophilic
48. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Glycerol
Bases
Solvent
Electrostatic Attraction
49. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Hydrolysis...
Atomic Number
Exchange Reaction
Functional Protein
50. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Tripeptide
Macromolecule
Thromboxane
Steroids