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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. XY >> X + Y






2. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






3. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






4. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






5. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






7. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






8. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






9. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






10. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






11. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






12. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






13. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






14. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






15. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






16. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






17. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






18. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






19. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






20. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






21. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






22. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






23. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






24. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






25. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






26. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






27. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






28. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






29. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






30. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






31. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






32. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






33. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






34. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






35. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






36. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






37. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






38. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






39. X + Y >> XY






40. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






41. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






42. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






43. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






44. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






45. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






46. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






47. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






48. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






49. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






50. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.







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