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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






2. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






3. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






4. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






5. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






6. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






7. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






8. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






9. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






10. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






11. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






12. An animal's physiologic pH.






13. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






14. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






15. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






16. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






17. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






18. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






19. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






20. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






21. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






22. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






23. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






24. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






25. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






26. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






27. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






28. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






29. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






30. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






31. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






32. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






33. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






34. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






35. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






36. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






37. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






38. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






39. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






40. X + Y >> XY






41. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






42. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






43. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






44. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






45. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






46. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






47. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






48. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






49. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






50. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.