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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






2. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






3. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






4. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






5. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






6. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






7. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






8. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






9. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






10. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






11. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






12. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






13. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






14. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






15. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






16. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






17. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






18. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






19. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






20. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






21. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






22. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






23. Positively charged ions.






24. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






25. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






26. XY >> X + Y






27. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






28. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






29. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






30. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






31. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






32. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






33. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






34. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






35. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






36. An animal's physiologic pH.






37. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






38. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






39. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






40. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






41. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






43. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






44. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






45. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






46. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






47. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






48. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






49. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






50. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.