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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Potassium
Exchange Reaction
Polypeptide
Thromboxane
2. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Prostaglandin
Elements
ATP
Solution
3. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Water
Neutron
Macromolecule
Lipoprotein
4. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Neutron
Product
Thromboxane
5. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Chemical Bond
Solvent
Solution
Anabolism
6. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Functional Group
Chemical Symbol
Activation Energy
Nucleotide
7. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Anabolism
7.4
Exchange Reaction
ATP
8. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Product
Prostaglandin
Calcium
Nucleic Acid
9. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Solute
Macromolecule
Glycogen
Atomic Number
10. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
High- energy Bonds
Protein
Leukotrienes
Organic Compounds
11. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Neutron
Exchange Reaction
Fatty Acid
7.4
12. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Pentose Sugar
Solvent
Radioactive Isotope
Acids
13. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Molecule
Anabolism
Compound
Electrostatic Attraction
14. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Sodium
Radioactive Isotope
Molecule
Exchange Reaction
15. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Eicosanoid
Anabolism
Chemical Bond
Glycoprotein
16. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
High- energy Bonds
Radioactive Isotope
Neutral Fats
Protein
17. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Glycerol
Adenosine Triphosphate
Atomic Nucleus
Hydrophobic
18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Saturated
Ionic Bond
Prostaglandin
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
7.4
Iron
Chromosomes
Functional Group
20. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Salt
Pentose Sugar
Electron Shell
Electrostatic Attraction
21. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Lipoprotein
Chemical Equation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Tripeptide
22. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Unsaturated
Bases
Catabolism
Phospholipid
23. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Radioactive Isotope
Anabolism
Product
Rate of Decay
24. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Synthesis Reaction
Unsaturated
Protein
Acids
25. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Polypeptide
Isotopes
Glycogen
Polar Molecule
26. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Hydrophilic
Macromolecule
Atomic Weight
Chemical Symbol
27. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Exchange Reaction
Carbon
High- energy Bonds
Exchange Reaction
28. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Hydrophilic
Solution
Pentose Sugar
Glycerol
29. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Glycerol
Atomic Nucleus
Rate of Decay
Electrostatic Attraction
30. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Chemical Equation
Compound
Pentose Sugar
Polypeptide
31. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Compound
Prostaglandin
Saturated
Sodium
32. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Isotopes
Electron Shell
7.4
Polypeptide
33. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Elements
Iron
Neutral Fats
34. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Product
Molecule
Eicosanoid
Chemical Symbol
35. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Eicosanoid
Hydrolysis...
Atom
Rate of Decay
36. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iodine
Protons
Solute
Antibodies
37. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Iron
Radioactive Isotope
Antibodies
38. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Catabolism
Activation Energy
Organic Compounds
Synthesis Reaction
39. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Product
Synthesis Reaction
Atomic Weight
40. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Potassium
Atomic Nucleus
Matter
41. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Chemical Equation
Polysaccharides
Adenosine Triphosphate
42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Chemical Symbol
Solution
Polar Molecule
Dehydration Synthesis...
43. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Chemical Symbol
Exchange Reaction
Potassium
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
44. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Rate of Decay
Phospholipid
Fatty Acid
Synthesis Reaction
45. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Iron
Hydrolysis...
Glycogen
46. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Activation Energy
Substrate
Antibodies
Saturated
47. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Catabolism
Electron Shell
Solute
Macromolecule
48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Hexose Sugar
Carbon
Chemical Equation
Covalent Bond
49. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Saturated
Unsaturated
Polypeptide
50. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Substrate
Unsaturated
Catalyst
Hydrophilic