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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






2. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






3. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






4. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






5. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






6. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






7. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






8. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






9. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






10. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






11. Positively charged ions.






12. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






13. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






14. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






15. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






16. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






17. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






18. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






19. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






20. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






21. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






22. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






23. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






24. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






25. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






26. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






27. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






28. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






29. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






30. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






31. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






32. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






33. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






34. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






35. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






36. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






37. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






38. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






39. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






40. A substance made up of two or more elements.






41. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






42. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






43. XY >> X + Y






44. An animal's physiologic pH.






45. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






46. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






47. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






48. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






49. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






50. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.