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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






2. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






3. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






4. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






5. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






6. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






7. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






8. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






9. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






10. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






11. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






12. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






13. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






14. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






15. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






16. An animal's physiologic pH.






17. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






18. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






19. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






20. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






21. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






22. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






23. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






24. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






26. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






27. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






28. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






29. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






30. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






31. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






32. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






33. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






34. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






35. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






36. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






37. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






38. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






39. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






40. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






41. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






42. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






43. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






44. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






45. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






46. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






47. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






48. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






49. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






50. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.