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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






2. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






3. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






4. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






5. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






6. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






7. X + Y >> XY






8. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






9. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






10. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






11. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






12. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






13. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






14. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






15. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






16. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






17. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






18. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






19. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






20. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






21. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






22. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






23. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






24. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






25. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






26. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






27. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






28. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






29. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






30. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






31. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






32. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






33. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






34. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






35. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






36. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






37. An animal's physiologic pH.






38. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






39. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






40. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






41. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






42. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






43. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






44. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






45. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






46. XY >> X + Y






47. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






48. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






49. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






50. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.