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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






2. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






3. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






4. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






5. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






6. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






7. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






8. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






9. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






10. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






11. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






12. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






13. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






14. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






15. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






16. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






17. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






18. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






19. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






20. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






21. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






22. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






23. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






24. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






25. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






26. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






27. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






28. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






29. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






30. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






31. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






32. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






33. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






34. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






35. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






36. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






37. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






38. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






39. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






40. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






41. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






42. XY >> X + Y






43. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






44. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






45. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






46. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






47. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






48. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






49. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






50. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.