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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






2. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






3. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






4. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






5. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






6. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






7. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






8. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






9. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






10. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






11. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






12. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






13. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






14. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






15. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






16. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






17. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






18. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






19. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






20. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






21. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






22. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






23. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






24. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






25. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






26. X + Y >> XY






27. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






28. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






29. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






30. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






31. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






32. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






33. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






34. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






35. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






36. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






37. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






38. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






39. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






40. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






41. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






42. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






43. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






44. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






45. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






46. An animal's physiologic pH.






47. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






48. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






49. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






50. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.







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