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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






2. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






3. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






4. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






5. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






6. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






7. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






8. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






9. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






10. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






11. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






12. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






13. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






14. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






15. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






16. Positively charged ions.






17. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






18. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






19. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






20. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






21. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






22. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






23. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






24. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






25. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






26. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






27. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






28. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






29. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






30. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






31. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






32. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






33. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






34. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






35. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






36. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






37. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






38. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






39. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






40. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






41. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






42. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






43. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






44. An animal's physiologic pH.






45. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






46. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






47. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






48. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






49. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






50. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.