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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






2. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






3. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






4. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






6. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






7. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






8. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






9. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






10. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






11. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






12. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






13. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






14. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






15. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






16. X + Y >> XY






17. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






18. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






19. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






20. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






21. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






22. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






23. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






24. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






25. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






26. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






27. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






28. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






29. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






31. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






32. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






33. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






34. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






35. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






36. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






37. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






38. Positively charged ions.






39. A substance made up of two or more elements.






40. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






41. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






42. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






43. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






44. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






45. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






46. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






47. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






48. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






49. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






50. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.