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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Covalent Bond
Atom
Isotopes
Adenosine Triphosphate
2. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Hexose Sugar
Bases
Decomposition Reaction
Carbon
3. Positively charged ions.
Activation Energy
Triglyceride
Cation
Organic Compounds
4. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Acids
Atomic Number
Dehydration Synthesis...
Radioactive Isotope
5. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Leukotrienes
Exchange Reaction
Covalent Bond
Synthesis Reaction
6. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Glycerol
Ionic Bond
Matter
Exchange Reaction
7. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atomic Nucleus
Cation
Atom
Pentose Sugar
8. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Hexose Sugar
Matter
Potassium
Glycerol
9. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Sodium
Substrate
Elements
Saturated
10. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hydrolysis...
Nucleic Acid
Polar Molecule
Triglyceride
11. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Activation Energy
Functional Group
Atom
12. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Electrostatic Attraction
Functional Protein
Phospholipid
13. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Sodium
Acids
Organic Compounds
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
14. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Steroids
Lipids
Electron Shell
15. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Hexose Sugar
Tripeptide
Product
16. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Lipoprotein
Polypeptide
Isotopes
Steroids
17. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Thromboxane
High- energy Bonds
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Solvent
18. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Chemical Symbol
Activation Energy
Hydrophilic
Rate of Decay
19. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Glycoprotein
Rate of Decay
Eicosanoid
Atomic Number
20. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Atomic Weight
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Hexose Sugar
21. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Neutral Fats
Covalent Bond
Atomic Weight
22. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Catabolism
Polysaccharides
Neutral Fats
Chemical Equation
23. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Electrostatic Attraction
Activation Energy
Acids
Monosaccarides
24. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Iron
Chemical Symbol
Radioactive Isotope
Hydrophobic
25. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Decomposition Reaction
Steroids
Organic Compounds
ATP
26. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Chromosomes
Compound
Lipids
Carbon
27. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Carbon
Glycoprotein
Pentose Sugar
Reactants
28. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Pentose Sugar
Substrate
Protons
Ionic Bond
29. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Fatty Acid
Protons
Solute
Inorganic Compound
30. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Activation Energy
Lipoprotein
Potassium
Polar Molecule
31. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Electrostatic Attraction
Catalyst
Saturated
Glycogen
32. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Ions
Exchange Reaction
Molecule
33. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Protons
Solution
Bases
Glycoprotein
34. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Elements
Hydrophobic
Product
Fatty Acid
35. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Bases
Decomposition Reactions
Dehydration Synthesis...
Substrate
36. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Sodium
Dehydration Synthesis...
Cation
High- energy Bonds
37. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
ATP
Organic Compounds
Thromboxane
Solution
38. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Hexose Sugar
Protein
Inorganic Compound
Lipoprotein
39. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Ions
Polysaccharides
7.4
Polypeptide
40. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Molecule
Functional Protein
Organic Compounds
41. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Glycerol
Unsaturated
Molecule
Atomic Weight
42. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Hexose Sugar
Isotopes
Calcium
Bases
43. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Solvent
Prostaglandin
Decomposition Reaction
Phospholipid
44. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Ions
Molecule
Saturated
Salt
45. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Prostaglandin
Molecule
Atomic Nucleus
ATP
46. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Matter
Glycoprotein
Hydrolysis...
Compound
47. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Synthesis Reaction
Fatty Acid
Neutron
Bases
48. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Polysaccharides
7.4
Phospholipid
Neutron
49. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Thromboxane
Antibodies
Chemical Equation
50. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Leukotrienes
Atom
Solution
Chemical Bond