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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






2. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






3. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






4. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






5. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






6. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






7. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






8. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






9. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






10. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






11. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






12. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






13. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






14. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






15. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






16. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






17. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






18. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






19. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






20. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






21. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






22. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






23. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






24. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






25. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






26. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






27. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






28. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






29. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






30. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






31. A substance made up of two or more elements.






32. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






33. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






34. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






35. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






36. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






37. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






38. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






39. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






40. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






41. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






42. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






43. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






44. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






45. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






46. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






47. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






48. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






49. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.