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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






2. A substance made up of two or more elements.






3. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






4. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






6. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






7. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






8. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






9. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






10. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






11. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






12. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






13. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






14. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






15. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






16. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






17. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






18. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






20. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






21. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






22. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






23. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






24. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






25. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






26. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






27. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






28. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






29. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






31. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






32. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






33. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






34. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






35. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






36. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






37. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






39. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






41. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






42. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






43. XY >> X + Y






44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






45. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






46. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






47. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






48. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






49. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






50. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.