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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






2. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






3. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






4. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






5. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






6. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






7. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






8. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






9. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






10. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






11. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






12. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






13. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






14. An animal's physiologic pH.






15. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






16. X + Y >> XY






17. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






18. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






19. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






20. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






21. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






22. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






23. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






24. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






25. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






26. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






27. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






28. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






29. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






30. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






31. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






32. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






33. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






34. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






35. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






36. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






37. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






38. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






39. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






40. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






41. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






42. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






43. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






44. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






45. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






46. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






47. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






48. Positively charged ions.






49. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






50. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.