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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






3. A substance made up of two or more elements.






4. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






5. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






7. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






8. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






9. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






10. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






11. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






12. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






13. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






14. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






15. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






16. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






17. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






18. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






19. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






20. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






21. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






22. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






23. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






24. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






25. XY >> X + Y






26. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






27. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






28. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






29. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






30. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






31. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






32. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






33. An animal's physiologic pH.






34. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






35. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






36. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






37. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






38. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






39. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






40. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






41. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






42. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






43. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






44. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






45. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






46. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






47. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






48. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






49. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






50. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.