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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






2. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






3. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






4. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






5. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






6. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






7. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






8. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






9. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






10. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






11. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






12. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






13. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






14. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






15. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






17. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






18. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






19. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






20. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






21. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






22. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






23. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






24. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






25. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






26. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






27. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






28. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






29. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






30. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






31. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






32. An animal's physiologic pH.






33. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






34. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






35. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






36. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






37. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






38. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






39. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






40. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






42. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






43. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






44. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






45. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






46. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






47. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






49. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






50. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.