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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






2. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






3. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






4. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






5. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






6. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






7. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






8. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






9. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






10. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






11. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






12. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






13. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






14. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






15. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






16. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






17. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






18. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






19. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






20. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






21. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






22. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






23. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






24. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






25. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






26. A substance made up of two or more elements.






27. Positively charged ions.






28. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






29. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






30. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






31. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






32. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






33. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






34. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






35. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






36. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






37. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






38. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






39. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






40. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






41. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






42. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






43. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






44. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






45. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






46. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






47. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






48. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






49. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






50. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.