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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Decomposition Reactions
Activation Energy
Antibodies
2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Organic Compounds
Iodine
Hydrophilic
Bases
3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Buffer
Carbon
Leukotrienes
Chemical Reaction
4. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
Protons
Reactants
Chemical Reaction
5. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Nucleus
Solvent
Saturated
6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Glycogen
Hormone
Decomposition Reaction
Neutron
7. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Pentose Sugar
Tripeptide
Nucleic Acid
Hormone
8. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Neutral Fats
Atomic Nucleus
Neutron
Chemical Reaction
9. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Phospholipid
Calcium
Hormone
Polypeptide
10. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Chemical Equation
Product
Macromolecule
Exchange Reaction
11. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Radioactive Isotope
Polysaccharides
Solution
Matter
12. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Rate of Decay
Molecule
ATP
Decomposition Reactions
13. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Iron
Nucleotide
Sodium
Triglyceride
14. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Catabolism
Matter
Steroids
Hydrophobic
15. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Solvent
Matter
Eicosanoid
Pentose Sugar
16. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Polar Molecule
Antibodies
Catabolism
Triglyceride
17. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Chemical Equation
High- energy Bonds
Glycoprotein
Dehydration Synthesis...
18. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Saturated
Anabolism
Catalyst
19. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Electron Shell
Acids
Solution
Rate of Decay
20. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Buffer
Decomposition Reactions
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Compound
21. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Substrate
Potassium
Synthesis Reaction
Activation Energy
22. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Bases
Hydrophilic
Exchange Reaction
Iron
23. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Glycerol
Carbon
Polypeptide
Electrostatic Attraction
24. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Unsaturated
Antibodies
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Glycoprotein
25. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compound
Potassium
Exchange Reaction
26. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
ATP
Inorganic Compound
Hexose Sugar
Solvent
27. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Chemical Symbol
Radioactive Isotope
7.4
28. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Fatty Acid
Hormone
Tripeptide
Solvent
29. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Exchange Reaction
Glycoprotein
Adenosine Triphosphate
Atom
30. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Cation
Glycerol
Thromboxane
Decomposition Reaction
31. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Chemical Equation
Exchange Reaction
Organic Compounds
Atom
32. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Unsaturated
Elements
Radioactive Isotope
Matter
33. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Hydrophilic
7.4
Decomposition Reactions
Pentose Sugar
34. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Leukotrienes
Saturated
Lipoprotein
Hormone
35. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Sodium
Electron Shell
Synthesis Reaction
36. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Neutral Fats
Ionic Bond
Monosaccarides
High- energy Bonds
37. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Protons
Hydrolysis...
Hexose Sugar
Synthesis Reaction
38. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Atom
Product
Electrostatic Attraction
Carbon
39. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Polar Molecule
Nucleic Acid
Elements
Protein
40. X + Y >> XY
Bases
Nucleic Acid
Synthesis Reaction
Polypeptide
41. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Lipoprotein
Polar Molecule
Protons
Glycogen
42. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Radioactive Isotope
Compound
Macromolecule
Glycoprotein
43. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Prostaglandin
Polysaccharides
Solvent
Protons
44. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Dehydration Synthesis...
Exchange Reaction
Product
Elements
45. Positively charged ions.
Elements
Cation
ATP
Neutron
46. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Hexose Sugar
Acids
Atomic Number
Tripeptide
47. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rate of Decay
Polysaccharides
Molecule
48. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Calcium
Atom
Prostaglandin
Nucleic Acid
49. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Catabolism
Ions
Nucleotide
7.4
50. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Unsaturated
Potassium
ATP
Substrate
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