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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






2. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






3. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






4. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






5. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






6. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






7. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






8. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






9. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






10. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






11. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






12. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






13. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






14. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






15. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






16. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






17. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






18. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






19. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






20. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






21. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






22. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






23. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






24. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






25. XY >> X + Y






26. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






27. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






28. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






29. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






30. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






31. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






32. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






33. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






34. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






35. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






36. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






37. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






38. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






39. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






40. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






41. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






42. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






43. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






44. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






45. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






46. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






47. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






48. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






49. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






50. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.