SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Potassium
Macromolecule
Pentose Sugar
2. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
7.4
Polar Molecule
Solute
Chromosomes
3. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Glycoprotein
Neutral Fats
Iron
Triglyceride
4. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Rate of Decay
Triglyceride
Salt
ATP
5. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
Radioactive Isotope
Hydrophilic
Exchange Reaction
6. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Glycoprotein
Protons
Rate of Decay
Salt
7. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Hexose Sugar
Inorganic Compound
Ionic Bond
Salt
8. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Matter
Saturated
Glycoprotein
Exchange Reaction
9. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Polar Molecule
Glycerol
Matter
Hormone
10. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Water
Eicosanoid
Inorganic Compound
Tripeptide
11. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Molecule
Atomic Number
Compound
Glycerol
12. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Decomposition Reaction
Hexose Sugar
Iron
Protons
13. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Hormone
Hydrolysis...
Tripeptide
14. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Iodine
Bases
Functional Protein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
15. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Water
Chemical Symbol
Inorganic Compound
16. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Thromboxane
Synthesis Reaction
Ions
Water
17. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Product
Chemical Equation
Leukotrienes
18. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Carbon
Buffer
Sodium
Antibodies
19. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Carbon
Ions
Macromolecule
Decomposition Reactions
20. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Sodium
Polar Molecule
Hydrolysis...
Solvent
21. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Hydrophilic
Polysaccharides
Chemical Reaction
Atomic Number
22. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Elements
Protons
Tripeptide
Radioactive Isotope
23. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
ATP
Inorganic Compound
Fatty Acid
Nucleic Acid
24. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Exchange Reaction
Water
Polypeptide
Synthesis Reaction
25. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
ATP
Inorganic Compound
Steroids
Atom
26. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Solute
Acids
Sodium
27. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Atom
Monosaccarides
28. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Covalent Bond
Electrostatic Attraction
Hormone
Acids
29. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Catalyst
Catabolism
Thromboxane
Electrostatic Attraction
30. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Product
Unsaturated
Lipoprotein
Ionic Bond
31. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Iodine
Solute
Functional Protein
Protein
32. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Carbon
Saturated
Nucleotide
Fatty Acid
33. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Exchange Reaction
Functional Group
Substrate
Atomic Number
34. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Solvent
Acids
Leukotrienes
Fatty Acid
35. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Water
Product
Phospholipid
Exchange Reaction
36. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Synthesis Reaction
Nucleic Acid
Monosaccarides
37. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Polar Molecule
Inorganic Compound
Hormone
Lipids
38. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Solution
7.4
Acids
39. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
High- energy Bonds
Sodium
Glycoprotein
Atomic Weight
40. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Nucleus
Atomic Weight
Polypeptide
Acids
41. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Product
Ions
Iodine
Lipoprotein
42. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Salt
Atomic Nucleus
Solvent
Fatty Acid
43. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Synthesis Reaction
Substrate
Neutron
Leukotrienes
44. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
High- energy Bonds
Iodine
Hydrophobic
Covalent Bond
45. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Electrostatic Attraction
Product
Acids
Chemical Bond
46. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Solvent
Activation Energy
Nucleic Acid
Exchange Reaction
47. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Elements
Ionic Bond
Nucleic Acid
Chemical Bond
48. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Bases
Glycerol
Pentose Sugar
Decomposition Reactions
49. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Electrostatic Attraction
Exchange Reaction
Pentose Sugar
Monosaccarides
50. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Glycerol
Catalyst
Compound
Chemical Reaction