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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






2. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






4. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






5. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






6. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






7. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






8. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






9. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






10. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






11. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






12. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






13. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






14. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






15. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






17. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






19. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






20. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






21. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






22. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






23. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






24. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






25. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






26. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






27. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






28. XY >> X + Y






29. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






30. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






31. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






32. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






33. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






34. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






35. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






36. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






37. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






38. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






39. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






40. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






42. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






43. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






44. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






45. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






46. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






47. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






48. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






49. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






50. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.