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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






2. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






3. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






4. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






5. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






6. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






7. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






8. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






9. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






10. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






11. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






12. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






13. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






14. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






15. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






17. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






18. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






19. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






20. XY >> X + Y






21. A substance made up of two or more elements.






22. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






23. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






24. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






25. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






26. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






27. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






28. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






29. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






31. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






32. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






33. An animal's physiologic pH.






34. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






35. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






36. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






37. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






38. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






39. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






40. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






41. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






42. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






43. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






44. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






45. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






46. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






47. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






48. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






49. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






50. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.