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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Atomic Number
Compound
Polypeptide
Chemical Reaction
2. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Calcium
Covalent Bond
Exchange Reaction
Fatty Acid
3. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Chemical Equation
Phospholipid
Molecule
Isotopes
4. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Chemical Reaction
Substrate
Prostaglandin
Calcium
5. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Ionic Bond
Product
Decomposition Reaction
Organic Compounds
6. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Matter
Adenosine Triphosphate
Polypeptide
Solution
7. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Functional Protein
Exchange Reaction
Polar Molecule
Tripeptide
8. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Solvent
Sodium
Tripeptide
Reactants
9. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iodine
7.4
Bases
Activation Energy
10. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Neutron
Organic Compounds
Polypeptide
Thromboxane
11. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Atomic Number
Nucleic Acid
Carbon
Synthesis Reaction
12. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Chemical Symbol
7.4
Glycoprotein
13. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Hydrophilic
Electron Shell
Rate of Decay
Calcium
14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Radioactive Isotope
Activation Energy
Atomic Number
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
15. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Product
Leukotrienes
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Radioactive Isotope
16. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Triglyceride
Saturated
Phospholipid
ATP
17. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Solvent
Water
Neutral Fats
Decomposition Reaction
18. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Activation Energy
Unsaturated
Glycerol
Dehydration Synthesis...
19. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Leukotrienes
Chromosomes
Synthesis Reaction
Covalent Bond
20. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Solute
Catalyst
Atom
Exchange Reaction
21. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Unsaturated
Eicosanoid
Functional Protein
Thromboxane
22. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Exchange Reaction
Carbon
Reactants
Decomposition Reaction
23. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Catalyst
Catabolism
Buffer
24. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Synthesis Reaction
Ionic Bond
Eicosanoid
25. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Glycerol
Fatty Acid
Neutron
Thromboxane
26. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Bases
Leukotrienes
Tripeptide
Protons
27. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Ions
Carbon
Glycoprotein
Iron
28. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Protons
Organic Compounds
Anabolism
Hydrophobic
29. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Electron Shell
Solution
Adenosine Triphosphate
30. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Radioactive Isotope
Acids
Isotopes
Electrostatic Attraction
31. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Compound
Potassium
Prostaglandin
Atomic Number
32. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Synthesis Reaction
High- energy Bonds
Atomic Number
Water
33. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Ionic Bond
Buffer
Inorganic Compound
Ions
34. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Hydrophilic
Unsaturated
Hormone
Exchange Reaction
35. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Polypeptide
Antibodies
Pentose Sugar
Unsaturated
36. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Unsaturated
Ions
Fatty Acid
Functional Group
37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Eicosanoid
Atomic Weight
Polar Molecule
Lipoprotein
38. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Polysaccharides
7.4
Covalent Bond
39. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Ionic Bond
Steroids
Elements
Exchange Reaction
40. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Cation
ATP
Solution
Exchange Reaction
41. An animal's physiologic pH.
Chemical Reaction
Electrostatic Attraction
Adenosine Triphosphate
7.4
42. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hydrolysis...
Covalent Bond
Organic Compounds
Triglyceride
43. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Carbon
Salt
Rate of Decay
Atomic Nucleus
44. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Macromolecule
Neutron
Iron
Protein
45. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Synthesis Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
Solute
Glycoprotein
46. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Activation Energy
Compound
Chromosomes
Decomposition Reactions
47. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Protein
Chemical Symbol
Ionic Bond
Protons
48. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Compound
Catalyst
Hexose Sugar
Atom
49. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Cation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Anabolism
Nucleotide
50. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Matter
Nucleic Acid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Prostaglandin