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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






2. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






3. XY >> X + Y






4. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






5. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






6. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






7. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






8. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






9. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






10. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






11. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






12. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






13. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






14. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






15. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






17. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






18. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






19. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






20. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






21. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






22. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






23. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






24. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






25. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






26. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






27. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






28. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






29. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






30. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






31. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






32. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






33. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






34. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






35. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






36. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






37. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






38. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






39. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






40. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






41. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






42. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






43. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






44. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






45. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






46. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






47. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






48. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






49. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






50. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.