Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






2. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






4. An animal's physiologic pH.






5. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






6. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






7. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






8. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






9. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






10. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






11. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






12. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






13. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






14. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






15. A substance made up of two or more elements.






16. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






17. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






18. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






19. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






20. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






21. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






22. X + Y >> XY






23. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






24. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






25. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






26. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






27. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






28. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






29. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






30. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






31. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






32. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






33. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






34. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






35. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






36. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






37. Positively charged ions.






38. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






39. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






40. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






41. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






42. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






43. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






45. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






46. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






47. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






48. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






49. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.