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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






2. XY >> X + Y






3. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






4. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






5. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






7. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






8. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






9. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






10. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






11. Positively charged ions.






12. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






13. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






14. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






15. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






16. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






17. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






18. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






19. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






20. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






21. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






22. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






23. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






24. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






25. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






26. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






27. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






28. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






29. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






30. X + Y >> XY






31. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






32. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






33. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






35. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






36. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






37. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






38. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






39. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






40. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






41. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






42. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






43. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






44. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






45. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






46. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






47. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






49. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.