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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






2. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






3. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






4. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






5. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






6. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






7. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






8. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






9. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






10. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






11. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






12. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






13. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






14. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






15. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






16. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






17. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






18. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






19. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






20. A substance made up of two or more elements.






21. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






22. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






23. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






24. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






26. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






27. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






28. An animal's physiologic pH.






29. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






30. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






31. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






32. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






33. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






34. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






35. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






36. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






37. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






38. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






39. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






40. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






42. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






43. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






44. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






45. Positively charged ions.






46. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






47. X + Y >> XY






48. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






49. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






50. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.