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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Isotopes
Bases
Chemical Bond
Steroids
2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Elements
Chemical Bond
Substrate
Iodine
3. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Unsaturated
Elements
Chemical Reaction
Glycogen
4. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Chemical Symbol
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Exchange Reaction
Activation Energy
5. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Solvent
Exchange Reaction
Reactants
Protein
6. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Prostaglandin
Solution
Activation Energy
Protein
7. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Salt
Fatty Acid
Organic Compounds
Phospholipid
8. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Atomic Number
Polysaccharides
Salt
Steroids
9. X + Y >> XY
Salt
Synthesis Reaction
Functional Group
Solute
10. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Synthesis Reaction
Glycoprotein
Eicosanoid
Isotopes
11. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Polysaccharides
Dehydration Synthesis...
Functional Group
Isotopes
12. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Elements
Triglyceride
Isotopes
Hydrolysis...
13. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Cation
Nucleotide
Covalent Bond
Neutral Fats
14. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Tripeptide
Elements
Hydrophilic
Exchange Reaction
15. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Decomposition Reactions
Covalent Bond
Matter
Buffer
16. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Functional Group
Tripeptide
Polar Molecule
Product
17. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Salt
Polar Molecule
Neutron
Pentose Sugar
18. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Fatty Acid
Chemical Symbol
Leukotrienes
Chromosomes
19. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Unsaturated
Adenosine Triphosphate
7.4
20. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Molecule
ATP
Organic Compounds
Decomposition Reactions
21. An animal's physiologic pH.
7.4
Chemical Bond
Synthesis Reaction
Catabolism
22. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atomic Nucleus
Prostaglandin
Atomic Weight
Nucleic Acid
23. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Nucleotide
Prostaglandin
ATP
Substrate
24. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Chemical Bond
Catalyst
Elements
25. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Anabolism
Hydrophobic
7.4
Glycerol
26. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Thromboxane
Chemical Reaction
Unsaturated
Hydrophilic
27. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Inorganic Compound
Carbon
Glycogen
Unsaturated
28. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Lipids
Electron Shell
Adenosine Triphosphate
Potassium
29. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Nucleotide
Glycerol
Adenosine Triphosphate
Protein
30. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Activation Energy
Inorganic Compound
Water
Neutron
31. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Elements
Solution
Functional Group
Radioactive Isotope
32. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Reaction
Unsaturated
Radioactive Isotope
Matter
33. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Salt
Chemical Reaction
Prostaglandin
Substrate
34. Positively charged ions.
Hormone
Atomic Nucleus
Bases
Cation
35. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Ionic Bond
Exchange Reaction
Polysaccharides
Solute
36. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Exchange Reaction
Chemical Symbol
7.4
Pentose Sugar
37. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Protons
Matter
Buffer
Rate of Decay
38. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Solution
Atom
Catabolism
Functional Group
39. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Matter
Atomic Weight
Activation Energy
Hydrophobic
40. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Nucleic Acid
Sodium
Macromolecule
Catabolism
41. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Polypeptide
Triglyceride
Solute
Molecule
42. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Decomposition Reactions
Saturated
Electron Shell
43. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Chemical Symbol
Chemical Reaction
Macromolecule
Adenosine Triphosphate
44. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Organic Compounds
Saturated
Covalent Bond
Nucleic Acid
45. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Potassium
Atomic Weight
Exchange Reaction
Functional Group
46. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Catabolism
Potassium
Covalent Bond
Neutron
47. XY >> X + Y
Electron Shell
Acids
Prostaglandin
Decomposition Reaction
48. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Protons
Water
Glycerol
Electrostatic Attraction
49. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Chemical Reaction
Antibodies
Catabolism
50. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Protons
Isotopes
Ions
Water