Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






2. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






3. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






4. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






5. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






6. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






7. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






8. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






9. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






10. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






11. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






12. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






13. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






14. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






15. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






16. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






17. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






18. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






19. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






20. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






21. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






22. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






23. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






24. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






25. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






26. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






27. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






28. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






29. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






30. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






31. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






32. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






33. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






34. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






35. Positively charged ions.






36. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






37. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






38. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






39. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






40. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






41. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






42. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






43. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






44. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






45. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






46. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






47. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






48. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






49. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






50. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.