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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Covalent Bond
Exchange Reaction
Solution
Chemical Equation
2. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Phospholipid
Hydrophilic
Protein
Synthesis Reaction
3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Neutron
Saturated
Calcium
4. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Electron Shell
Decomposition Reaction
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Reactants
5. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Substrate
Unsaturated
Adenosine Triphosphate
Hydrolysis...
6. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Chemical Bond
Solute
Cation
Saturated
7. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Chemical Reaction
Ions
Functional Group
Hydrophilic
8. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Ions
ATP
Polar Molecule
Atom
9. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Electrostatic Attraction
Potassium
Polar Molecule
Eicosanoid
10. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Electrostatic Attraction
Bases
Polar Molecule
Polypeptide
11. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Synthesis Reaction
Hormone
Compound
Prostaglandin
12. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Chemical Bond
Phospholipid
Thromboxane
Nucleic Acid
13. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Tripeptide
Acids
Prostaglandin
Triglyceride
14. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Chemical Bond
Hydrophilic
Iron
Sodium
15. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Saturated
Solution
Sodium
Electron Shell
16. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Saturated
Leukotrienes
Electrostatic Attraction
Eicosanoid
17. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
7.4
Atomic Nucleus
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Tripeptide
18. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Functional Group
Tripeptide
Electron Shell
Atomic Number
19. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Pentose Sugar
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Polar Molecule
Calcium
20. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Exchange Reaction
Chemical Reaction
Iodine
21. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Electron Shell
Unsaturated
Lipoprotein
Covalent Bond
22. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Antibodies
Lipoprotein
Substrate
23. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Protons
Macromolecule
Functional Protein
Leukotrienes
24. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Functional Protein
Catalyst
Radioactive Isotope
Chemical Symbol
25. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Exchange Reaction
Functional Group
Polysaccharides
Dehydration Synthesis...
26. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Solute
Solution
Polypeptide
Iodine
27. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Organic Compounds
Salt
Isotopes
Hormone
28. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Prostaglandin
Electron Shell
Leukotrienes
Iron
29. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Macromolecule
Chemical Reaction
High- energy Bonds
Solution
30. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
High- energy Bonds
Acids
Hydrophilic
31. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Protons
Organic Compounds
Solvent
Radioactive Isotope
32. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Glycogen
Eicosanoid
Substrate
Nucleic Acid
33. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Catabolism
Adenosine Triphosphate
Phospholipid
Thromboxane
34. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Bases
Nucleotide
Electron Shell
Monosaccarides
35. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Electrostatic Attraction
Fatty Acid
Catabolism
Lipoprotein
36. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Cation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glycogen
37. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Chemical Symbol
Thromboxane
Elements
Catabolism
38. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Chemical Reaction
Bases
Synthesis Reaction
Steroids
39. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Electrostatic Attraction
Solution
Chromosomes
Glycerol
40. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Solvent
Chemical Equation
Neutron
Exchange Reaction
41. Positively charged ions.
Cation
Synthesis Reaction
Ions
ATP
42. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Phospholipid
Functional Protein
Salt
Lipoprotein
43. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Solvent
Chemical Bond
Compound
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
44. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipids
Chemical Symbol
Steroids
Exchange Reaction
45. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Polar Molecule
Potassium
Hydrophobic
Molecule
46. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Eicosanoid
Activation Energy
Glycoprotein
Hydrophilic
47. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Polysaccharides
Inorganic Compound
Synthesis Reaction
Glycerol
48. An animal's physiologic pH.
Hydrophilic
7.4
Protein
Organic Compounds
49. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Iodine
Bases
7.4
50. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Protons
Matter
Lipoprotein
Glycoprotein
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