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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






2. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






3. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






4. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






5. A substance made up of two or more elements.






6. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






7. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






8. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






9. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






10. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






11. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






12. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






13. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






14. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






15. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






16. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






17. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






18. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






19. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






20. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






21. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






22. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






23. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






24. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






25. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






26. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






27. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






28. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






29. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






30. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






31. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






32. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






33. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






34. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






35. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






36. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






37. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






38. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






39. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






40. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






41. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






42. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






43. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






44. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






45. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






46. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






47. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






48. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






49. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






50. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.