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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. XY >> X + Y






2. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






3. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






4. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






5. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






6. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






7. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






8. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






9. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






10. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






11. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






12. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






13. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






14. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






15. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






16. A substance made up of two or more elements.






17. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






18. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






19. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






20. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






21. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






22. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






23. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






24. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






25. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






26. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






27. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






28. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






29. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






30. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






31. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






32. Positively charged ions.






33. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






34. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






35. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






36. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






37. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






38. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






39. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






40. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






41. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






42. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






43. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






44. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






45. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






46. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






47. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






49. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






50. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.







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