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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






2. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






3. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






4. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






5. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






6. A substance made up of two or more elements.






7. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






8. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






9. X + Y >> XY






10. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






11. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






12. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






13. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






14. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






15. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






16. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






17. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






18. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






19. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






20. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






21. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






22. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






23. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






24. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






25. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






26. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






27. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






28. An animal's physiologic pH.






29. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






30. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






31. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






32. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






33. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






34. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






35. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






36. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






37. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






38. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






39. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






40. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






41. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






42. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






43. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






44. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






45. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






46. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






47. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






48. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






49. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






50. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.