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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






2. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






3. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






4. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






5. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






6. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






7. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






8. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






9. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






10. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






11. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






12. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






13. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






14. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






15. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






16. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






17. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






18. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






19. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






20. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






21. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






22. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






23. XY >> X + Y






24. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






25. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






26. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






27. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






28. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






29. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






30. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






31. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






32. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






33. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






34. X + Y >> XY






35. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






36. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






37. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






38. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






39. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






40. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






41. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






42. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






43. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






44. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






45. An animal's physiologic pH.






46. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






47. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






48. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






49. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






50. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)