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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Neutral Fats
Radioactive Isotope
Anabolism
Solute
2. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Bond
Chemical Reaction
Polysaccharides
Catabolism
3. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Iron
Electrostatic Attraction
Product
4. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Chemical Symbol
Compound
Carbon
Atomic Number
5. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Electron Shell
Chemical Symbol
Potassium
Exchange Reaction
6. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
ATP
Pentose Sugar
Catalyst
Inorganic Compound
7. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Unsaturated
Ions
Atom
Reactants
8. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Antibodies
Hormone
Protein
Covalent Bond
9. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Decomposition Reactions
Atomic Weight
Electrostatic Attraction
Electron Shell
10. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Steroids
Thromboxane
Radioactive Isotope
11. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Sodium
Catalyst
Catabolism
12. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Lipids
Functional Group
Decomposition Reactions
Glycoprotein
13. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Weight
Rate of Decay
Synthesis Reaction
14. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Solution
Elements
Atomic Weight
Decomposition Reaction
15. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Hydrophilic
7.4
Decomposition Reactions
Leukotrienes
16. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Pentose Sugar
Chromosomes
Carbon
Bases
17. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Exchange Reaction
Isotopes
Bases
Neutron
18. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Steroids
Water
Nucleotide
Hydrophilic
19. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Glycerol
ATP
Carbon
Covalent Bond
20. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Iodine
Atomic Number
Protons
Exchange Reaction
21. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Hydrolysis...
Organic Compounds
Solution
Solute
22. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Cation
Hydrophobic
Isotopes
Product
23. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Nucleotide
Hexose Sugar
ATP
Atomic Number
24. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Synthesis Reaction
Decomposition Reactions
Anabolism
Protons
25. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Activation Energy
Hormone
Nucleic Acid
Polypeptide
26. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Electron Shell
High- energy Bonds
Unsaturated
Polypeptide
27. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Prostaglandin
Matter
Antibodies
Glycogen
28. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Iodine
Rate of Decay
Matter
Nucleic Acid
29. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Atomic Nucleus
Reactants
Exchange Reaction
Ionic Bond
30. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrolysis...
Hydrophobic
Hexose Sugar
Thromboxane
31. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Electrostatic Attraction
Polypeptide
Decomposition Reactions
Nucleic Acid
32. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Cation
Leukotrienes
Anabolism
Nucleic Acid
33. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Triglyceride
Ionic Bond
Solution
Catabolism
34. X + Y >> XY
Synthesis Reaction
Chromosomes
Glycogen
Decomposition Reactions
35. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Substrate
Atomic Number
Radioactive Isotope
36. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Covalent Bond
Pentose Sugar
Cation
37. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Hydrolysis...
Acids
Tripeptide
Molecule
38. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Chromosomes
Polar Molecule
Atomic Number
Hexose Sugar
39. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Product
Synthesis Reaction
Chemical Symbol
Thromboxane
40. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Phospholipid
Protons
Atom
Hydrolysis...
41. Positively charged ions.
Bases
Cation
Product
Ionic Bond
42. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
Polar Molecule
Buffer
7.4
43. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Functional Protein
Atom
Saturated
Iron
44. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Catalyst
Nucleic Acid
Macromolecule
Tripeptide
45. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Atomic Weight
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Monosaccarides
Activation Energy
46. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Matter
Synthesis Reaction
Chromosomes
Bases
47. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Organic Compounds
Catabolism
Antibodies
48. An animal's physiologic pH.
Chromosomes
Monosaccarides
Salt
7.4
49. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Antibodies
Acids
Matter
Product
50. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Compound
Pentose Sugar
Chromosomes
Calcium
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