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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






2. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






3. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






4. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






5. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






6. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






7. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






9. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






10. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






11. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






12. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






13. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






14. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






15. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






16. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






17. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






19. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






20. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






21. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






22. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






23. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






24. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






25. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






26. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






27. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






28. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






29. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






30. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






31. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






32. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






33. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






34. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






35. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






36. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






38. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






39. XY >> X + Y






40. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






41. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






42. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






43. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






44. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






45. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






46. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






47. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






48. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






49. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






50. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.







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