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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. XY >> X + Y
Thromboxane
Chemical Reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
2. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Electrostatic Attraction
Calcium
Buffer
Catabolism
3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Glycogen
Functional Protein
ATP
Solution
4. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Polar Molecule
Molecule
Leukotrienes
5. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Molecule
Leukotrienes
Monosaccarides
Synthesis Reaction
6. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Leukotrienes
Glycerol
Solute
Matter
7. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Buffer
Fatty Acid
Ionic Bond
Tripeptide
8. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Glycogen
Chromosomes
Solute
Inorganic Compound
9. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Ions
Exchange Reaction
Decomposition Reactions
Chemical Reaction
10. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Atomic Number
Buffer
Acids
Steroids
11. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Glycogen
Unsaturated
Iron
Solute
12. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Ionic Bond
Solute
Macromolecule
Atomic Nucleus
13. X + Y >> XY
Saturated
Neutral Fats
Lipids
Synthesis Reaction
14. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Fatty Acid
Decomposition Reaction
Hydrolysis...
Atomic Weight
15. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Potassium
High- energy Bonds
Glycogen
Solution
16. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Bases
Triglyceride
Hydrolysis...
Synthesis Reaction
17. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Elements
Sodium
Neutral Fats
18. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Potassium
Water
Steroids
Synthesis Reaction
19. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Chemical Reaction
Catabolism
Dehydration Synthesis...
Synthesis Reaction
20. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Catabolism
Leukotrienes
Protons
Phospholipid
21. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Hydrolysis...
Catalyst
Product
Catabolism
22. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Tripeptide
Chemical Reaction
Acids
23. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iodine
Exchange Reaction
Antibodies
Carbon
24. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Bases
Cation
Hydrophobic
Atom
25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Solute
7.4
Fatty Acid
ATP
26. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Organic Compounds
Decomposition Reaction
Glycoprotein
Radioactive Isotope
27. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Ions
Glycerol
Saturated
Reactants
28. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Chemical Bond
Triglyceride
Electron Shell
Electrostatic Attraction
29. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Cation
Unsaturated
Thromboxane
Eicosanoid
30. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Protons
Chemical Symbol
Iodine
Anabolism
31. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Solute
Iron
Molecule
Rate of Decay
32. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Thromboxane
Product
Functional Protein
Molecule
33. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Functional Protein
Matter
Synthesis Reaction
34. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Hexose Sugar
Chemical Equation
Glycoprotein
Cation
35. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
7.4
Functional Protein
Isotopes
Nucleic Acid
36. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Ions
Nucleic Acid
Chemical Symbol
37. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Hormone
Fatty Acid
Elements
38. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Neutral Fats
Salt
Chemical Bond
Chemical Symbol
39. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Acids
Polypeptide
Eicosanoid
Solvent
40. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Iodine
Molecule
Hydrolysis...
Triglyceride
41. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Potassium
Decomposition Reactions
Polypeptide
Carbon
42. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Sodium
Atomic Number
Inorganic Compound
Lipids
43. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Glycoprotein
Solute
Exchange Reaction
Neutral Fats
44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Solvent
Ionic Bond
Saturated
Pentose Sugar
45. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Chemical Equation
Atomic Nucleus
Solution
Reactants
46. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Adenosine Triphosphate
Macromolecule
Exchange Reaction
Acids
47. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Chromosomes
Leukotrienes
Hydrolysis...
Phospholipid
48. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Ions
Ionic Bond
Inorganic Compound
Chemical Reaction
49. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Nucleotide
Substrate
Atom
Glycerol
50. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Protein
Dehydration Synthesis...
Fatty Acid
Inorganic Compound
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