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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






2. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






3. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






4. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






6. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






7. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






8. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






9. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






10. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






11. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






12. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






13. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






14. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






15. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






17. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






19. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






20. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






21. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






22. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






23. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






24. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






25. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






26. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






27. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






28. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






29. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






30. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






31. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






32. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






33. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






34. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






35. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






36. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






37. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






38. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






39. A substance made up of two or more elements.






40. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






41. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






42. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






43. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






44. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






45. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






46. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






47. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






48. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






49. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






50. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.







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