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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Reaction
Sodium
Salt
Macromolecule
2. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Rate of Decay
Sodium
Covalent Bond
Hydrolysis...
3. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Hydrophilic
Buffer
Catabolism
Nucleic Acid
4. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Monosaccarides
Calcium
Compound
Leukotrienes
5. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Solvent
Hexose Sugar
Synthesis Reaction
6. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Exchange Reaction
Unsaturated
Glycogen
Prostaglandin
7. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Activation Energy
Polar Molecule
Acids
Buffer
8. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Compound
Nucleotide
Tripeptide
Hexose Sugar
9. Positively charged ions.
Lipoprotein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Cation
Potassium
10. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Eicosanoid
Lipoprotein
Dehydration Synthesis...
Chemical Equation
11. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Buffer
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Neutral Fats
Functional Protein
12. An animal's physiologic pH.
Iron
7.4
Sodium
Matter
13. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Iron
Decomposition Reaction
Covalent Bond
Substrate
14. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Organic Compounds
Decomposition Reactions
Iodine
Fatty Acid
15. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Atomic Weight
Neutral Fats
Functional Protein
Anabolism
16. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Rate of Decay
Functional Protein
Inorganic Compound
Anabolism
17. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hydrolysis...
Decomposition Reactions
Polar Molecule
Chemical Reaction
18. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Lipoprotein
Polysaccharides
Unsaturated
Chemical Bond
19. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Ions
Synthesis Reaction
Atomic Number
Radioactive Isotope
20. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Exchange Reaction
Glycogen
Dehydration Synthesis...
Eicosanoid
21. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Rate of Decay
Product
Pentose Sugar
ATP
22. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Exchange Reaction
Organic Compounds
Reactants
Thromboxane
23. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Decomposition Reactions
Reactants
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Phospholipid
24. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Iodine
Potassium
Polar Molecule
Hexose Sugar
25. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Carbon
Chemical Bond
Isotopes
Ionic Bond
26. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Fatty Acid
Protons
Cation
Inorganic Compound
27. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Saturated
Eicosanoid
Solvent
Protons
28. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Unsaturated
Rate of Decay
Sodium
Catalyst
29. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Glycogen
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Atomic Nucleus
Catalyst
30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Glycoprotein
Phospholipid
Nucleic Acid
Electrostatic Attraction
31. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Decomposition Reaction
Polar Molecule
Elements
Anabolism
32. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Iron
Ions
Antibodies
Water
33. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Salt
Reactants
Potassium
Atomic Weight
34. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Catabolism
Glycoprotein
Salt
Solute
35. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Macromolecule
ATP
Monosaccarides
Anabolism
36. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Water
Polar Molecule
Leukotrienes
Bases
37. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Antibodies
Lipoprotein
Molecule
Activation Energy
38. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Electron Shell
Reactants
Adenosine Triphosphate
39. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Decomposition Reaction
High- energy Bonds
Polysaccharides
Ionic Bond
40. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Solute
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Hydrophobic
Glycoprotein
41. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Hydrophilic
Isotopes
Chemical Reaction
Radioactive Isotope
42. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Hexose Sugar
Macromolecule
Monosaccarides
43. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Monosaccarides
7.4
Decomposition Reaction
Hydrophilic
44. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Organic Compounds
Glycerol
Adenosine Triphosphate
Salt
45. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Isotopes
7.4
Neutral Fats
Iron
46. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
7.4
Macromolecule
Chemical Symbol
Chemical Equation
47. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Catabolism
Anabolism
Triglyceride
Monosaccarides
48. X + Y >> XY
Elements
Functional Protein
Radioactive Isotope
Synthesis Reaction
49. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Triglyceride
Dehydration Synthesis...
Catabolism
Polysaccharides
50. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Phospholipid
Nucleic Acid
Steroids
Exchange Reaction
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