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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






2. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






3. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






4. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






5. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






7. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






9. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






10. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






11. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






12. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






13. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






14. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






15. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






16. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






17. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






18. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






19. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






20. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






21. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






22. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






23. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






24. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






25. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






26. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






27. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






28. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






29. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






31. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






32. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






33. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






34. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






35. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






36. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






37. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






38. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






39. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






40. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






41. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






42. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






43. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






44. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






45. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






46. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






47. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






48. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






49. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






50. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.







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