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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Fatty Acid
Product
Inorganic Compound
Antibodies
2. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Phospholipid
Catabolism
Covalent Bond
Adenosine Triphosphate
3. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Atomic Nucleus
Covalent Bond
Iron
Cation
4. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Protons
Atomic Number
Buffer
Reactants
5. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Molecule
Substrate
Potassium
Carbon
6. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Acids
Catalyst
Pentose Sugar
Antibodies
7. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Functional Protein
Unsaturated
Phospholipid
Synthesis Reaction
8. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
Decomposition Reaction
Nucleic Acid
Electron Shell
9. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Group
Prostaglandin
Steroids
Functional Protein
10. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Elements
Prostaglandin
Hormone
11. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Lipoprotein
Compound
Solute
Isotopes
12. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Chemical Equation
Antibodies
Chemical Bond
Protons
13. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Exchange Reaction
Phospholipid
Hormone
Atomic Weight
14. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Solvent
Radioactive Isotope
Polysaccharides
High- energy Bonds
15. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Unsaturated
Catabolism
Activation Energy
Leukotrienes
16. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Macromolecule
Hydrophilic
Bases
17. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Decomposition Reactions
Hydrophilic
Leukotrienes
18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Activation Energy
Potassium
Carbon
Neutron
19. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Phospholipid
Compound
Anabolism
Electrostatic Attraction
20. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Hormone
Activation Energy
Tripeptide
Decomposition Reactions
21. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Solute
Activation Energy
Saturated
Polypeptide
22. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Glycoprotein
Chemical Bond
Solute
23. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atomic Nucleus
Substrate
Covalent Bond
Lipoprotein
24. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Chemical Reaction
Inorganic Compound
Reactants
Leukotrienes
25. Positively charged ions.
Cation
Radioactive Isotope
Inorganic Compound
Iron
26. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Compound
Electrostatic Attraction
Nucleic Acid
Lipids
27. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
High- energy Bonds
Iodine
Glycoprotein
Catabolism
28. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
ATP
Chromosomes
Buffer
Product
29. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Cation
Functional Group
Organic Compounds
Water
30. XY >> X + Y
Decomposition Reaction
Unsaturated
Chemical Equation
Polysaccharides
31. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Activation Energy
Ions
Catabolism
Saturated
32. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Cation
Hexose Sugar
Thromboxane
Solvent
33. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Hydrolysis...
Potassium
Prostaglandin
34. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Lipids
Glycoprotein
Antibodies
Organic Compounds
35. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Solvent
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Number
Anabolism
36. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Exchange Reaction
Electron Shell
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glycerol
37. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Lipoprotein
Carbon
Organic Compounds
Glycogen
38. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Functional Group
Unsaturated
Adenosine Triphosphate
Phospholipid
39. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Water
Eicosanoid
Triglyceride
ATP
40. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Saturated
Salt
Dehydration Synthesis...
Chemical Reaction
41. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Chemical Symbol
Potassium
Atom
Isotopes
42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Polar Molecule
Steroids
Decomposition Reaction
Solution
43. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Substrate
Covalent Bond
Compound
Salt
44. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Buffer
Atom
Chemical Symbol
45. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Potassium
Tripeptide
Lipoprotein
Glycerol
46. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Reactants
Thromboxane
Synthesis Reaction
Sodium
47. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Pentose Sugar
Macromolecule
Monosaccarides
Chemical Symbol
48. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Iron
Eicosanoid
Ionic Bond
Elements
49. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Carbon
Solution
Functional Protein
Bases
50. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Polypeptide
Triglyceride
Ions
ATP