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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






2. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






3. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






4. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






5. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






6. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






7. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






8. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






9. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






10. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






11. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






12. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






13. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






14. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






15. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






16. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






17. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






18. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






19. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






20. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






21. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






22. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






23. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






24. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






25. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






26. A substance made up of two or more elements.






27. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






28. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






29. An animal's physiologic pH.






30. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






31. Positively charged ions.






32. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






33. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






34. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






35. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






36. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






37. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






38. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






39. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






40. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






41. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






42. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






43. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






44. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






45. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






46. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






47. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






48. XY >> X + Y






49. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






50. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)