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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Inorganic Compound
Chemical Symbol
Polysaccharides
Electron Shell
2. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hydrolysis...
Steroids
Protein
Neutral Fats
3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
ATP
Hexose Sugar
Synthesis Reaction
Atomic Nucleus
4. An animal's physiologic pH.
7.4
Decomposition Reaction
Product
Cation
5. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Chemical Bond
Elements
Synthesis Reaction
Molecule
6. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Saturated
Calcium
Synthesis Reaction
Iodine
7. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Reactants
Atomic Number
Salt
Iodine
8. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Activation Energy
Atomic Weight
Polar Molecule
Reactants
9. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Inorganic Compound
Hormone
Polysaccharides
Electron Shell
10. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Exchange Reaction
ATP
Polysaccharides
Hydrophilic
11. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipids
Atomic Weight
Bases
Electrostatic Attraction
12. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Saturated
Rate of Decay
Unsaturated
Activation Energy
13. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
ATP
Elements
Nucleotide
Thromboxane
14. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Saturated
Antibodies
Protons
Decomposition Reaction
15. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Chromosomes
Exchange Reaction
Compound
Product
16. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Monosaccarides
Protons
Thromboxane
17. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Hydrophilic
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Sodium
Antibodies
18. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Exchange Reaction
Chromosomes
Protein
19. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Neutron
Protons
Iron
20. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Functional Group
Lipoprotein
Hexose Sugar
Solute
21. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Water
Ionic Bond
Catabolism
Buffer
22. X + Y >> XY
Cation
Unsaturated
Inorganic Compound
Synthesis Reaction
23. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Inorganic Compound
Lipids
Polypeptide
Acids
24. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Potassium
Chemical Equation
Reactants
Chemical Reaction
25. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Nucleic Acid
Atomic Nucleus
Eicosanoid
Neutron
26. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Bases
Radioactive Isotope
Covalent Bond
Leukotrienes
27. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Rate of Decay
Chemical Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Glycerol
28. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Neutron
Phospholipid
Iron
Buffer
29. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Elements
Anabolism
Macromolecule
Hydrophobic
30. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Iodine
Salt
Reactants
Eicosanoid
31. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Exchange Reaction
Ions
Solution
32. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Nucleic Acid
7.4
Macromolecule
33. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Nucleus
Steroids
Cation
34. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Antibodies
Chemical Equation
Acids
Protons
35. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Atomic Number
Triglyceride
Electrostatic Attraction
Molecule
36. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Synthesis Reaction
Substrate
Iodine
Solute
37. Positively charged ions.
Hormone
Chemical Bond
Triglyceride
Cation
38. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Glycogen
Organic Compounds
Protons
Neutron
39. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Exchange Reaction
Reactants
Iodine
Glycerol
40. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Tripeptide
Glycogen
Fatty Acid
Anabolism
41. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Ions
Molecule
Atom
42. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Activation Energy
Salt
Leukotrienes
Protein
43. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Organic Compounds
Glycogen
Catalyst
Exchange Reaction
44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Pentose Sugar
Leukotrienes
Glycoprotein
Hydrolysis...
45. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Anabolism
Chemical Bond
Solvent
Adenosine Triphosphate
46. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Ions
Phospholipid
Hydrolysis...
Radioactive Isotope
47. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Polar Molecule
Sodium
Triglyceride
48. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Hormone
Potassium
Neutral Fats
Prostaglandin
49. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Chemical Bond
7.4
Atomic Number
Synthesis Reaction
50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
ATP
Iron
Fatty Acid
Pentose Sugar