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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






2. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






3. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






4. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






5. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






6. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






7. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






8. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






9. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






10. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






11. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






12. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






13. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






14. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






15. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






16. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






17. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






19. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






20. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






21. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






22. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






23. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






24. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






25. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






26. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






27. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






28. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






29. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






30. A substance made up of two or more elements.






31. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






32. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






33. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






34. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






35. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






36. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






37. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






38. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






39. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






41. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






42. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






43. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






44. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






45. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






46. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






47. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






48. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






49. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






50. XY >> X + Y