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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Steroids
Rate of Decay
Polar Molecule
Atomic Nucleus
2. XY >> X + Y
Substrate
Decomposition Reaction
Ionic Bond
Carbon
3. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Potassium
Activation Energy
Salt
4. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Nucleic Acid
Glycogen
Electrostatic Attraction
5. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Atomic Number
Glycogen
High- energy Bonds
6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Substrate
Monosaccarides
Tripeptide
Compound
7. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Phospholipid
Inorganic Compound
Protons
Nucleotide
8. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Hexose Sugar
Reactants
Chemical Symbol
Iron
9. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Reactants
Iodine
Catabolism
10. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Rate of Decay
Triglyceride
Polysaccharides
Carbon
11. Positively charged ions.
Cation
Anabolism
Salt
Hydrolysis...
12. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Buffer
Potassium
Protons
Reactants
13. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Catalyst
Dehydration Synthesis...
Acids
Antibodies
14. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Chemical Equation
Antibodies
Exchange Reaction
15. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Synthesis Reaction
7.4
Chemical Bond
Atomic Weight
16. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Hydrolysis...
Electrostatic Attraction
Matter
17. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Solvent
Anabolism
Nucleotide
18. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Tripeptide
Compound
Covalent Bond
Chromosomes
19. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Compound
Solute
Electrostatic Attraction
20. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Organic Compounds
Functional Protein
Iron
Matter
21. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Glycogen
Lipoprotein
Eicosanoid
22. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
ATP
Dehydration Synthesis...
Iodine
Neutron
23. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Catabolism
Atomic Number
Calcium
Glycogen
24. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Saturated
Hormone
Buffer
Prostaglandin
25. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Catabolism
Saturated
Ions
Polar Molecule
26. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Lipoprotein
Ions
Inorganic Compound
Hydrolysis...
27. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Hydrolysis...
Substrate
Pentose Sugar
Tripeptide
28. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Lipids
ATP
Atom
Polypeptide
29. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Glycoprotein
Glycogen
Carbon
Compound
30. X + Y >> XY
Synthesis Reaction
Matter
Catabolism
Solute
31. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Exchange Reaction
Cation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Buffer
32. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Unsaturated
Salt
Saturated
Macromolecule
33. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Chromosomes
Ions
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Chemical Bond
34. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Atomic Nucleus
Product
Protein
Tripeptide
35. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Covalent Bond
Ions
Monosaccarides
Buffer
36. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Hydrolysis...
Tripeptide
Functional Protein
Calcium
37. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Anabolism
Catalyst
Potassium
Reactants
38. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Solution
Chemical Bond
Radioactive Isotope
39. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
ATP
Rate of Decay
Catabolism
Water
40. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Solute
Glycerol
Neutron
Dehydration Synthesis...
41. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
7.4
Ionic Bond
Chemical Equation
42. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Atom
Monosaccarides
Triglyceride
Catabolism
43. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Buffer
Glycerol
Organic Compounds
Lipids
44. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Radioactive Isotope
Iron
Rate of Decay
Unsaturated
45. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Neutron
Molecule
Exchange Reaction
Functional Group
46. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Eicosanoid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Leukotrienes
Fatty Acid
47. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Chromosomes
Glycerol
Isotopes
Atomic Nucleus
48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Covalent Bond
Cation
Hydrophilic
Water
49. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Chemical Equation
Pentose Sugar
Substrate
Chromosomes
50. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Atom
Hydrophilic
Functional Protein
Fatty Acid