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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






2. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






3. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






4. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






5. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






6. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






7. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






8. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






9. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






10. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






11. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






12. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






13. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






14. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






15. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






17. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






18. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






19. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






20. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






21. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






22. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






23. Positively charged ions.






24. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






25. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






26. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






27. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






28. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






29. An animal's physiologic pH.






30. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






31. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






32. XY >> X + Y






33. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






34. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






35. A substance made up of two or more elements.






36. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






37. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






38. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






39. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






40. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






41. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






42. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






43. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






44. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






45. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






46. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






47. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






48. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






49. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






50. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.