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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






2. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






3. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






4. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






5. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






6. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






7. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






8. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






9. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






10. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






11. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






12. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






13. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






14. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






15. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






16. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






17. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






18. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






19. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






20. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






21. Positively charged ions.






22. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






23. X + Y >> XY






24. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






25. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






26. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






27. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






28. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






29. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






30. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






31. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






32. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






33. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






34. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






35. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






36. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






37. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






38. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






39. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






40. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






41. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






42. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






43. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






44. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






45. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






46. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






47. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






48. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






49. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






50. XY >> X + Y







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