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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Exchange Reaction
Neutral Fats
Protons
Chromosomes
2. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Compound
Eicosanoid
Cation
3. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Thromboxane
Synthesis Reaction
Radioactive Isotope
Protein
4. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Neutron
Catalyst
Anabolism
Synthesis Reaction
5. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Macromolecule
Solute
Synthesis Reaction
Saturated
6. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Acids
7.4
Compound
7. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Matter
Atomic Weight
Bases
8. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Molecule
Activation Energy
Catalyst
Thromboxane
9. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Lipoprotein
Hydrophobic
Hydrolysis...
Fatty Acid
10. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Catalyst
Iron
Lipoprotein
Atomic Nucleus
11. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Atomic Number
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Lipoprotein
12. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Acids
Anabolism
Electron Shell
Neutral Fats
13. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Dehydration Synthesis...
Functional Group
Chemical Bond
Atom
14. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Electron Shell
Polypeptide
Synthesis Reaction
Nucleic Acid
15. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Chromosomes
Water
Hormone
Macromolecule
16. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Cation
Unsaturated
Prostaglandin
Dehydration Synthesis...
17. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Product
Hexose Sugar
Covalent Bond
Rate of Decay
18. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Antibodies
Ionic Bond
Chromosomes
Organic Compounds
19. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.
Iodine
Lipids
ATP
Product
20. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Atom
Glycogen
Functional Group
Potassium
21. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Organic Compounds
Neutral Fats
Synthesis Reaction
22. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Atomic Number
Hexose Sugar
Chemical Symbol
Antibodies
23. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Calcium
Glycoprotein
Solution
Catabolism
24. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Protons
Potassium
Sodium
High- energy Bonds
25. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
7.4
Sodium
Functional Protein
Solute
26. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Solution
Triglyceride
Eicosanoid
Lipoprotein
27. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Unsaturated
Solute
Rate of Decay
Saturated
28. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Unsaturated
Dehydration Synthesis...
Atomic Number
Fatty Acid
29. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Thromboxane
Polypeptide
Tripeptide
Water
30. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Fatty Acid
Neutral Fats
Lipids
Pentose Sugar
31. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Chemical Bond
Polysaccharides
Dehydration Synthesis...
32. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Compound
Acids
Adenosine Triphosphate
Functional Group
33. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Polar Molecule
Substrate
Solvent
Electron Shell
34. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Hexose Sugar
Phospholipid
Inorganic Compound
High- energy Bonds
35. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Atomic Nucleus
Lipoprotein
Monosaccarides
Covalent Bond
36. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Neutron
Neutral Fats
Salt
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
37. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Triglyceride
Leukotrienes
Solution
Polysaccharides
38. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Matter
Lipids
Neutron
Covalent Bond
39. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Phospholipid
Steroids
Elements
Calcium
40. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Phospholipid
Antibodies
Neutral Fats
Rate of Decay
41. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hydrophobic
Hydrolysis...
Buffer
Hydrophilic
42. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Unsaturated
Glycerol
Bases
Phospholipid
43. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Glycoprotein
Triglyceride
Potassium
44. X + Y >> XY
Reactants
Synthesis Reaction
Bases
Acids
45. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Functional Protein
Molecule
Tripeptide
Water
46. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Chemical Equation
Hydrophobic
Leukotrienes
Hydrophilic
47. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Glycogen
Atomic Number
Thromboxane
Reactants
48. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Activation Energy
Glycerol
Organic Compounds
Covalent Bond
49. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Buffer
Synthesis Reaction
Carbon
Salt
50. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Molecule
ATP
Substrate
Lipids