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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Electrostatic Attraction
Sodium
Atom
7.4
2. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Ionic Bond
Activation Energy
Polysaccharides
Compound
3. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Reaction
Matter
Inorganic Compound
Iodine
4. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Buffer
Carbon
Ionic Bond
Steroids
5. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Macromolecule
Bases
Functional Group
Synthesis Reaction
6. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Potassium
Buffer
Acids
Hexose Sugar
7. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Catabolism
Compound
Hydrophilic
Monosaccarides
8. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Glycogen
Ionic Bond
Polysaccharides
Chemical Reaction
9. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Polar Molecule
Prostaglandin
Neutron
10. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Chromosomes
Catabolism
Iodine
Phospholipid
11. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Solute
Glycerol
Anabolism
Prostaglandin
12. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Molecule
Decomposition Reactions
Monosaccarides
Atomic Number
13. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Hormone
Exchange Reaction
Atomic Number
Activation Energy
14. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Antibodies
Potassium
Atomic Nucleus
Ions
15. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Protein
Product
Cation
Nucleic Acid
16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Chemical Bond
Leukotrienes
Chemical Equation
Isotopes
17. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Eicosanoid
Synthesis Reaction
Nucleotide
Elements
18. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Ions
Nucleic Acid
Neutral Fats
Organic Compounds
19. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Phospholipid
Pentose Sugar
Lipoprotein
Synthesis Reaction
20. XY >> X + Y
Chromosomes
Polysaccharides
Decomposition Reaction
Molecule
21. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Compound
Matter
Exchange Reaction
Lipids
22. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Phospholipid
Hydrophobic
Atomic Number
Polypeptide
23. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Thromboxane
Bases
Chemical Bond
Polypeptide
24. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Polar Molecule
Iodine
Hormone
25. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Isotopes
Chromosomes
Sodium
Functional Protein
26. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Atomic Weight
Catalyst
Isotopes
Prostaglandin
27. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Electrostatic Attraction
Nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Neutron
28. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Phospholipid
Atomic Weight
Exchange Reaction
Polar Molecule
29. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Lipids
Decomposition Reactions
Exchange Reaction
Solvent
30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Electrostatic Attraction
Covalent Bond
Potassium
Lipoprotein
31. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Polar Molecule
Buffer
Prostaglandin
Macromolecule
32. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Carbon
Catalyst
Glycoprotein
Hexose Sugar
33. An animal's physiologic pH.
Protein
Nucleic Acid
7.4
Hexose Sugar
34. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Rate of Decay
Anabolism
Solution
Matter
35. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Exchange Reaction
Iodine
Calcium
36. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Anabolism
Lipids
Thromboxane
37. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Hormone
Hydrolysis...
Buffer
Iodine
38. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
ATP
Elements
Nucleotide
Ions
39. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.
Calcium
Steroids
Radioactive Isotope
Monosaccarides
40. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Iron
Hydrolysis...
Compound
Atomic Number
41. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Exchange Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
Chemical Equation
Organic Compounds
42. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Synthesis Reaction
Nucleic Acid
Polypeptide
Triglyceride
43. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Ions
Nucleic Acid
Rate of Decay
Compound
44. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Anabolism
Inorganic Compound
Chemical Bond
45. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Calcium
High- energy Bonds
Molecule
Synthesis Reaction
46. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Solute
Activation Energy
Functional Protein
Polar Molecule
47. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Monosaccarides
Atomic Weight
Ionic Bond
Phospholipid
48. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Hydrophobic
Hexose Sugar
Nucleotide
Water
49. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
7.4
Matter
Bases
Functional Group
50. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Molecule
Anabolism
Water
Elements