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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






2. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






3. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






4. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






5. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






6. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






7. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






8. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






9. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






10. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






11. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






12. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






13. A substance made up of two or more elements.






14. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






15. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






16. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






17. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






18. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






19. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






20. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






21. An animal's physiologic pH.






22. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






23. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






24. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






25. XY >> X + Y






26. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






27. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






28. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






29. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






30. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






31. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






32. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






33. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






34. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






35. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






36. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






37. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






38. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






39. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






40. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






41. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






42. Positively charged ions.






43. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






44. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






45. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






46. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






47. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






48. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






49. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






50. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.