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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






2. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






3. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






4. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






5. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






6. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






7. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






8. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






9. X + Y >> XY






10. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






11. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






12. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






13. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






14. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






15. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






16. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






17. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






18. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






19. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






20. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






21. An animal's physiologic pH.






22. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






23. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






24. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






25. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






26. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






27. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






28. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






29. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






30. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






31. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






32. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






33. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






34. Positively charged ions.






35. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






36. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






37. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






38. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






39. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






40. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






41. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






42. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






43. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






44. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






45. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






46. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






47. XY >> X + Y






48. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






49. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






50. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.