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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






2. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






3. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






4. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






5. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






6. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






7. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






8. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






9. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






10. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






11. XY >> X + Y






12. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






13. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






14. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






15. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






16. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






17. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






18. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






19. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






20. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






21. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






22. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






23. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






24. Positively charged ions.






25. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






26. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






27. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






28. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






29. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






30. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






31. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






32. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






33. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






34. X + Y >> XY






35. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






36. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






37. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






38. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






39. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






40. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






41. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






43. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






44. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






45. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






46. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






47. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






48. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






49. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






50. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.