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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






2. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).






3. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






4. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






5. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.






6. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






7. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






8. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






9. Positively charged ions.






10. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






11. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






12. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






13. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






14. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






15. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






16. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






17. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.






18. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






19. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






20. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






21. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






22. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






23. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






24. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






26. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






27. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






28. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






29. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






30. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






31. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






32. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






33. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






34. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






35. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






36. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






37. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






38. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






39. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






40. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






41. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






42. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






43. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






44. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






45. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






46. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






47. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






48. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






49. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






50. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.