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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Buffer
Acids
Chemical Bond
Electron Shell
2. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Neutron
Atom
Solvent
Iodine
3. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Buffer
Hexose Sugar
Matter
Adenosine Triphosphate
4. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.
Elements
Atomic Number
Water
Ions
5. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Compound
Anabolism
Chemical Symbol
Acids
6. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Fatty Acid
Saturated
Atomic Number
Decomposition Reactions
7. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Leukotrienes
Neutral Fats
Electrostatic Attraction
Isotopes
8. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Chemical Equation
Glycogen
Glycerol
Neutron
9. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
Functional Group
Monosaccarides
Glycerol
10. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Bases
Prostaglandin
Organic Compounds
Triglyceride
11. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Molecule
Antibodies
Atom
12. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Unsaturated
Exchange Reaction
Chemical Reaction
Water
13. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Functional Group
Glycogen
Solution
Chemical Bond
14. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Catalyst
Prostaglandin
Protein
Atomic Nucleus
15. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Polar Molecule
Iron
High- energy Bonds
Eicosanoid
16. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Triglyceride
Chemical Equation
Chemical Symbol
Elements
17. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Thromboxane
Organic Compounds
Chemical Bond
Hydrolysis...
18. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Hormone
Synthesis Reaction
Hydrophobic
Cation
19. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Protein
Solute
Leukotrienes
Covalent Bond
20. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Triglyceride
Buffer
Salt
Catabolism
21. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Polysaccharides
Decomposition Reaction
Pentose Sugar
Activation Energy
22. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Eicosanoid
Anabolism
Phospholipid
Product
23. Positively charged ions.
ATP
Potassium
Covalent Bond
Cation
24. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
Protein
Synthesis Reaction
ATP
25. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Chemical Reaction
Nucleic Acid
Saturated
Tripeptide
26. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Atomic Nucleus
Substrate
Exchange Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
27. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Leukotrienes
Atom
Hydrophilic
Radioactive Isotope
28. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
7.4
Lipids
Chemical Bond
Exchange Reaction
29. An animal's physiologic pH.
7.4
Atomic Nucleus
Ions
Catalyst
30. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Electron Shell
Antibodies
Water
Hormone
31. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Iodine
Protein
Exchange Reaction
Thromboxane
32. XY >> X + Y
Decomposition Reaction
Product
Inorganic Compound
Substrate
33. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Solute
Steroids
Glycoprotein
Polypeptide
34. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Exchange Reaction
Isotopes
Substrate
Elements
35. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Radioactive Isotope
Electrostatic Attraction
High- energy Bonds
Compound
36. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Anabolism
Inorganic Compound
Molecule
Eicosanoid
37. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Carbon
Electrostatic Attraction
Hexose Sugar
Sodium
38. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Solvent
Monosaccarides
Molecule
Matter
39. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Calcium
Triglyceride
Hexose Sugar
Protein
40. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Saturated
Reactants
Hydrolysis...
Acids
41. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Sodium
Exchange Reaction
Product
Inorganic Compound
42. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Hydrophobic
High- energy Bonds
Sodium
Atomic Weight
43. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Potassium
Ionic Bond
Solute
Carbon
44. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Fatty Acid
Salt
Polypeptide
Eicosanoid
45. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Carbon
Macromolecule
Activation Energy
Cation
46. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Rate of Decay
Lipids
Protons
Decomposition Reactions
47. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Dehydration Synthesis...
Inorganic Compound
Glycerol
48. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Monosaccarides
Tripeptide
Steroids
Potassium
49. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Decomposition Reaction
Elements
Steroids
50. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
ATP
Chemical Equation
Neutral Fats
Synthesis Reaction