Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






2. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






3. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






4. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






5. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






6. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






7. XY >> X + Y






8. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






9. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






10. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






11. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






12. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






13. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






14. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






15. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






16. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






17. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






18. A substance made up of two or more elements.






19. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






20. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






21. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






22. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






23. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






24. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






25. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.






26. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






27. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






28. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.






29. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






30. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






31. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






32. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






33. Positively charged ions.






34. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






35. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






36. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






37. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






38. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.






39. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






40. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






41. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






42. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






43. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






44. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






45. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






46. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






47. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






48. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






49. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.






50. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.