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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Rate of Decay
Solvent
Exchange Reaction
Polysaccharides
2. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Buffer
Organic Compounds
Isotopes
Functional Protein
3. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Eicosanoid
Fatty Acid
Polysaccharides
Pentose Sugar
4. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Acids
Glycoprotein
Hexose Sugar
Sodium
5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Substrate
Chemical Equation
Adenosine Triphosphate
Iron
6. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Inorganic Compound
Buffer
Exchange Reaction
Exchange Reaction
7. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Chemical Symbol
Steroids
Covalent Bond
Product
8. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Reactants
Compound
Hydrolysis...
Chemical Bond
9. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Prostaglandin
Covalent Bond
ATP
Chemical Symbol
10. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Atomic Nucleus
Polar Molecule
Hydrophilic
Protons
11. Positively charged ions.
Buffer
Cation
Phospholipid
Radioactive Isotope
12. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Thromboxane
Pentose Sugar
Antibodies
Iodine
13. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition Reaction
Isotopes
14. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Hormone
High- energy Bonds
Protons
Macromolecule
15. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Activation Energy
Adenosine Triphosphate
Chemical Bond
Lipoprotein
16. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Iodine
Glycoprotein
Lipids
7.4
17. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Chemical Symbol
Dehydration Synthesis...
Product
Carbon
18. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Chromosomes
Phospholipid
Chemical Equation
Ionic Bond
19. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Rate of Decay
Synthesis Reaction
Glycogen
Lipoprotein
20. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Atom
Chemical Equation
Catabolism
Hydrolysis...
21. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Carbon
Solute
Nucleotide
Product
22. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Chromosomes
Polysaccharides
Eicosanoid
Electron Shell
23. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Hormone
Lipoprotein
Glycoprotein
24. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.
Neutron
Thromboxane
Glycerol
Iron
25. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Phospholipid
Antibodies
Leukotrienes
Steroids
26. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Substrate
Sodium
Chemical Bond
Hormone
27. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Hormone
Sodium
Functional Protein
Electron Shell
28. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Tripeptide
Potassium
Phospholipid
Steroids
29. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Glycogen
7.4
Buffer
Exchange Reaction
30. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Covalent Bond
Exchange Reaction
Atom
Protein
31. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Chromosomes
High- energy Bonds
Acids
Unsaturated
32. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Solute
Iron
Adenosine Triphosphate
Anabolism
33. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Chromosomes
Synthesis Reaction
Atom
Atomic Nucleus
34. XY >> X + Y
Decomposition Reaction
Hydrolysis...
Chromosomes
Covalent Bond
35. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Triglyceride
Bases
Decomposition Reaction
Pentose Sugar
36. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Bases
Hexose Sugar
Decomposition Reactions
Leukotrienes
37. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Sodium
Ionic Bond
Solute
Covalent Bond
38. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Bases
Triglyceride
Atomic Number
Glycerol
39. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Functional Protein
Nucleotide
Elements
Hormone
40. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Functional Protein
Anabolism
Elements
Decomposition Reactions
41. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Polysaccharides
Hydrophobic
Lipoprotein
Carbon
42. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.
Covalent Bond
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Matter
Atom
43. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Activation Energy
Fatty Acid
Molecule
Saturated
44. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipids
Fatty Acid
Electron Shell
Chemical Symbol
45. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Electron Shell
Hydrophobic
Reactants
Neutron
46. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Macromolecule
Bases
Unsaturated
Inorganic Compound
47. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Catabolism
Radioactive Isotope
Solution
Ions
48. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Polysaccharides
Solvent
Molecule
Unsaturated
49. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Unsaturated
Polar Molecule
Electron Shell
Triglyceride
50. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Potassium
Dehydration Synthesis...
Isotopes
Organic Compounds
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