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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Functional Group
Covalent Bond
Matter
Molecule
2. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Leukotrienes
Unsaturated
Electron Shell
Carbon
3. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Calcium
Decomposition Reaction
Atomic Nucleus
Leukotrienes
4. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
Functional Group
Phospholipid
Inorganic Compound
Matter
5. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Protons
Potassium
7.4
Hexose Sugar
6. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Iron
Saturated
Triglyceride
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
7. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Exchange Reaction
Adenosine Triphosphate
Decomposition Reaction
Hydrophilic
8. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Glycogen
Lipoprotein
Chemical Symbol
Acids
9. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Buffer
Nucleotide
Adenosine Triphosphate
Product
10. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipids
Exchange Reaction
Saturated
Sodium
11. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Ions
Chemical Bond
Polypeptide
Elements
12. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Eicosanoid
Organic Compounds
Polypeptide
Exchange Reaction
13. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Steroids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Dehydration Synthesis...
14. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Protons
Electrostatic Attraction
Synthesis Reaction
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
15. Positively charged ions.
Cation
Compound
Covalent Bond
Water
16. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Water
Atom
Rate of Decay
Molecule
17. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Atomic Number
Iron
Catabolism
Compound
18. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Saturated
Neutron
Synthesis Reaction
Catabolism
19. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Triglyceride
Lipoprotein
Glycoprotein
Solution
20. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Cation
Inorganic Compound
Chemical Reaction
Fatty Acid
21. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Atomic Weight
Ionic Bond
Calcium
Iron
22. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Saturated
Nucleic Acid
Monosaccarides
Ions
23. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.
Salt
Hormone
Ionic Bond
Tripeptide
24. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Electron Shell
Thromboxane
Hormone
Chemical Bond
25. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Product
Fatty Acid
Functional Group
Chemical Bond
26. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.
Fatty Acid
Leukotrienes
Atom
Chemical Symbol
27. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Matter
Solute
Exchange Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
28. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Chemical Symbol
Adenosine Triphosphate
Dehydration Synthesis...
Elements
29. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Protein
Fatty Acid
Solute
Anabolism
30. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Eicosanoid
Compound
Glycoprotein
Acids
31. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Polypeptide
Adenosine Triphosphate
Eicosanoid
Pentose Sugar
32. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Polar Molecule
Chemical Reaction
Covalent Bond
Rate of Decay
33. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Nucleic Acid
Neutral Fats
Exchange Reaction
Saturated
34. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Electrostatic Attraction
7.4
Glycogen
Saturated
35. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Exchange Reaction
Pentose Sugar
Chemical Equation
Molecule
36. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Radioactive Isotope
Solvent
Eicosanoid
Ionic Bond
37. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Bases
Buffer
Fatty Acid
Protons
38. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Lipoprotein
Nucleic Acid
ATP
Catabolism
39. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
High- energy Bonds
Dehydration Synthesis...
Iodine
Saturated
40. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Cation
Hydrophobic
Dehydration Synthesis...
Atomic Nucleus
41. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
High- energy Bonds
Lipoprotein
Sodium
Saturated
42. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic Weight
Leukotrienes
Dehydration Synthesis...
Steroids
43. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Glycogen
Potassium
Chromosomes
Inorganic Compound
44. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Saturated
Polypeptide
Eicosanoid
Unsaturated
45. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.
ATP
Fatty Acid
Unsaturated
Dehydration Synthesis...
46. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Monosaccarides
Elements
Phospholipid
47. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Glycogen
Atomic Weight
Chemical Symbol
Chemical Bond
48. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Bases
Protons
Phospholipid
49. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Catalyst
Covalent Bond
Phospholipid
Neutron
50. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Glycoprotein
Macromolecule
Atomic Number
Hydrophilic