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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.






2. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






3. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






4. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.






5. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






6. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.






7. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






8. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






9. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






10. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






11. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.






12. The combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water; e.g. - two monosaccharides combining to form a disaccharide + water.






13. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






14. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).






15. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






16. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.






17. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






18. X + Y >> XY






19. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






20. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






21. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






22. A substance made up of two or more elements.






23. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






24. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






25. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






26. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.






27. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






28. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






29. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






30. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.






31. XY >> X + Y






32. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).






33. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






34. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.






35. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






36. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






37. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






38. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






39. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






40. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.






41. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






42. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






43. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






44. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






45. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






46. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.






47. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






48. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






49. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






50. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.