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Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. XY >> X + Y






2. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.






3. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






4. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






5. An eicosanoid formed from the activation of white blood cells; act to sustain inflammation in asthmatic and allergic reactions.






6. Anything that has mass and exists as a solid - liquid or gas.






7. A peptide that consists of three amino acids.






8. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.






9. Electrically charged atoms or molecules.






10. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.






11. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






12. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






13. X + Y >> XY






14. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.






15. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






16. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






17. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






18. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.






19. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






20. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






21. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.






22. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






23. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






24. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.






25. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






26. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






27. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






28. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






29. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.






30. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






31. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.






32. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.






33. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






34. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






35. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






36. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






37. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.






38. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.






39. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






40. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.






41. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






42. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






43. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






44. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






45. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






46. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






47. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






48. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.






49. Substance acted on by an enzyme.






50. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.







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