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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Neutral Fats
Steroids
Chemical Symbol
Pentose Sugar
2. This minor element is the principal - positive ion within cells and is important in nerve function.
Potassium
Synthesis Reaction
Antibodies
Chemical Bond
3. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Elements
Ionic Bond
Exchange Reaction
4. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Functional Group
Atomic Weight
Electron Shell
7.4
5. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Exchange Reaction
Chromosomes
Chemical Symbol
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
6. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Thromboxane
Neutron
Salt
Unsaturated
7. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Exchange Reaction
Catalyst
Hydrophilic
Decomposition Reaction
8. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Decomposition Reactions
Neutron
Catalyst
Pentose Sugar
9. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Neutron
Compound
Catabolism
10. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Inorganic Compound
Polypeptide
Molecule
11. Fatty acids in which not all chemical binding sites of the molecules are filled with hydrogen; contain one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature. Usually plant in origin.
Potassium
High- energy Bonds
Unsaturated
Reactants
12. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Pentose Sugar
Isotopes
Carbon
Inorganic Compound
13. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Exchange Reaction
Macromolecule
Steroids
Atom
14. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Synthesis Reaction
Nucleic Acid
Glycoprotein
Solvent
15. A glycerol composed of three fatty acids - which are the main storage form of water- insoluble lipids; also known as neutral fat.
Triglyceride
Functional Group
Ions
Hexose Sugar
16. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Monosaccarides
Functional Group
Acids
Macromolecule
17. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.
Rate of Decay
Chemical Equation
Acids
Hydrophilic
18. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Exchange Reaction
Buffer
Chemical Symbol
Glycerol
19. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Compound
Solvent
Nucleic Acid
Polar Molecule
20. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.
Phospholipid
Electron Shell
Calcium
Organic Compounds
21. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Buffer
Chemical Reaction
Glycogen
Eicosanoid
22. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Covalent Bond
Catabolism
Atomic Number
Electron Shell
23. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Catalyst
Solvent
Covalent Bond
Polar Molecule
24. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Hydrophobic
Activation Energy
Protons
Exchange Reaction
25. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Water
Cation
Polypeptide
Compound
26. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.
ATP
Fatty Acid
Electron Shell
Phospholipid
27. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Rate of Decay
Ions
Nucleic Acid
High- energy Bonds
28. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Matter
Salt
Molecule
Adenosine Triphosphate
29. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Neutral Fats
Functional Protein
Hydrolysis...
Fatty Acid
30. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Inorganic Compound
Polar Molecule
Covalent Bond
Electrostatic Attraction
31. A simple sugar - such as glucose or fructose - that has six carbon atoms per molecule.
Lipoprotein
Hexose Sugar
Synthesis Reaction
Acids
32. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Hydrophobic
Catalyst
Chromosomes
Eicosanoid
33. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Iodine
Anabolism
Thromboxane
Lipoprotein
34. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Thromboxane
Carbon
Unsaturated
Bases
35. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Acids
Neutron
High- energy Bonds
Isotopes
36. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Decomposition Reactions
Prostaglandin
Macromolecule
Ions
37. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Electrostatic Attraction
Polypeptide
Functional Protein
Pentose Sugar
38. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Isotopes
Elements
Anabolism
Polar Molecule
39. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Chemical Symbol
Chemical Bond
Atomic Nucleus
Chemical Reaction
40. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Molecule
Lipoprotein
Dehydration Synthesis...
Activation Energy
41. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Pentose Sugar
Calcium
Glycoprotein
Elements
42. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Atomic Number
Phospholipid
Glycoprotein
Nucleic Acid
43. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Sodium
Catalyst
Electrostatic Attraction
Chemical Reaction
44. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Hormone
Triglyceride
Matter
Inorganic Compound
45. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Acids
Chemical Symbol
Decomposition Reaction
Antibodies
46. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Salt
Atom
Ionic Bond
Polypeptide
47. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Glycogen
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ionic Bond
Water
48. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Hormone
Saturated
Hydrolysis...
Potassium
49. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Functional Protein
Matter
Sodium
Anabolism
50. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Decomposition Reaction
Solution
Exchange Reaction
Hydrolysis...
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