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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.
Saturated
Solution
Chemical Bond
Atomic Number
2. A process that results in the creation of new chemicals involving changes in the movement of electrons in forming and breaking chemical bonds.
Electrostatic Attraction
Radioactive Isotope
Chemical Reaction
Hydrophilic
3. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Catalyst
Atom
Saturated
Electrostatic Attraction
4. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.
Exchange Reaction
Exchange Reaction
Sodium
Water
5. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.
Chemical Bond
Polysaccharides
Antibodies
Glycoprotein
6. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Product
Leukotrienes
Chemical Equation
Glycogen
7. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Solute
Salt
Neutron
Iron
8. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Chemical Reaction
Carbon
Polysaccharides
Anabolism
9. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.
Prostaglandin
Radioactive Isotope
Bases
Functional Group
10. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Matter
Phospholipid
11. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.
Iron
Monosaccarides
Protein
Protons
12. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Leukotrienes
Electron Shell
Macromolecule
Antibodies
13. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Atomic Nucleus
Pentose Sugar
Cation
Radioactive Isotope
14. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Hydrolysis...
Unsaturated
Steroids
Solution
15. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Decomposition Reactions
Leukotrienes
Atomic Weight
Acids
16. Threadlike accumulations of DNA in the nuclei of cells that are particularly visible during mitosis. The DNA contains the genetic material of the cell.
Solution
Matter
Hormone
Chromosomes
17. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.
Polysaccharides
Functional Group
Inorganic Compound
High- energy Bonds
18. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.
Macromolecule
Solvent
Cation
Neutral Fats
19. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Anabolism
Functional Group
Molecule
Reactants
20. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Substrate
Chemical Symbol
21. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Ionic Bond
Calcium
Unsaturated
Phospholipid
22. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Chemical Bond
Elements
Polysaccharides
Buffer
23. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Neutron
Inorganic Compound
Hydrophilic
Hydrolysis...
24. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Hydrophobic
Glycoprotein
Isotopes
Phospholipid
25. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.
Inorganic Compound
Hydrolysis...
Polar Molecule
Iron
26. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.
Electron Shell
Phospholipid
Solution
Synthesis Reaction
27. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Radioactive Isotope
Tripeptide
Nucleotide
Polar Molecule
28. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Protein
Solvent
Dehydration Synthesis...
Hydrophobic
29. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Hydrolysis...
Ionic Bond
Steroids
Sodium
30. Chemical messenger of the body produced and excreted by specific cells for the purpose of regulating specific organs or cells.
Catalyst
Hormone
Water
Polar Molecule
31. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Catabolism
Steroids
Pentose Sugar
Iron
32. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Compound
Water
Exchange Reaction
Hydrophobic
33. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Thromboxane
Salt
Atomic Weight
Calcium
34. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.
Eicosanoid
Ions
Catalyst
Antibodies
35. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.
Elements
Polypeptide
Functional Protein
Ions
36. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
Compound
Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition Reaction
Matter
37. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Solute
Hydrophobic
Catalyst
Saturated
38. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.
Compound
Hydrophilic
Tripeptide
Prostaglandin
39. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Glycoprotein
Catabolism
Activation Energy
Functional Protein
40. The rate at which radioactive isotopes emit energy; used to determine the age of artifacts found on archeological digs.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Rate of Decay
Macromolecule
Triglyceride
41. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Catabolism
Potassium
Inorganic Compound
Exchange Reaction
42. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Synthesis Reaction
Eicosanoid
Functional Group
Catalyst
43. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Covalent Bond
Electrostatic Attraction
Elements
Catalyst
44. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.
Elements
Compound
Substrate
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
45. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.
Pentose Sugar
Radioactive Isotope
Exchange Reaction
Iodine
46. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Salt
Synthesis Reaction
Chemical Equation
Hydrophobic
47. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Water
Polypeptide
Ions
Glycogen
48. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Bases
Synthesis Reaction
Steroids
Nucleotide
49. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.
Reactants
Electrostatic Attraction
Radioactive Isotope
Protein
50. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.
Carbon
Isotopes
Elements
Hexose Sugar
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