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Test your basic knowledge |
Chemical Basis For Life
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A large molecule consisting of smaller units linked together such as a polysaccharide or polypeptide.
Macromolecule
Ionic Bond
Chemical Bond
Iron
2. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.
Atomic Number
Adenosine Triphosphate
Monosaccarides
Atomic Nucleus
3. Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that contains four fused rings; cholesterol is an example.
Exchange Reaction
Steroids
Protons
Macromolecule
4. A substance in which another substance is dissolved; water is the universal solvent.
Phospholipid
Solvent
Ionic Bond
Eicosanoid
5. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.
Iron
Protein
Elements
Functional Group
6. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.
Antibodies
Functional Group
Iodine
Glycogen
7. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.
Solution
Decomposition Reactions
Electrostatic Attraction
Atom
8. An eicosanoid produced by platelets that causes vasoconstriction and promotes the clumping of platelets.
Atomic Nucleus
Functional Group
Thromboxane
Ions
9. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.
Salt
Carbon
Macromolecule
ATP
10. Substance acted on by an enzyme.
Organic Compounds
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Compound
Substrate
11. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutrally charged atom - the atomic number is also the number of electrons.
Atomic Number
7.4
Activation Energy
Eicosanoid
12. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.
Ions
Water
Adenosine Triphosphate
Solute
13. Any ionic copmound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions so that the product is electrically neutral.
Neutral Fats
Prostaglandin
Ions
Salt
14. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydroxyl ions and give the solution a pH greater than 7.
Radioactive Isotope
Prostaglandin
Chemical Bond
Bases
15. A substance that minimizes the change of the acidity of a solution when an acid or base is added to the solution.
Chemical Equation
Acids
Buffer
Isotopes
16. A type of chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or molecules (ions).
Ionic Bond
Rate of Decay
Atomic Weight
Chemical Reaction
17. Substance that induces chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed; e.g. - heat - enzymes.
Exchange Reaction
Tripeptide
Catalyst
Prostaglandin
18. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.
Compound
Neutron
ATP
Lipoprotein
19. Substances that dissolve in water to yield hydrogen ions and produce a solution with a pH less than 7.
Exchange Reaction
Acids
Atomic Nucleus
Lipids
20. Any of 116 known substances that cannot be separated into smaller substances; the smallest unit of this is an atom.
Elements
Macromolecule
Glycogen
Adenosine Triphosphate
21. Simple sugars; single sugar molecules - including glucose - galactose - and fructose.
Reactants
Monosaccarides
Ions
Sodium
22. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Atom
Nucleic Acid
Molecule
23. The smallest unit of an element having all the characteristics of that element.
Iodine
Electron Shell
High- energy Bonds
Atom
24. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.
Nucleotide
Covalent Bond
Cation
Polysaccharides
25. Proteins produced by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in response to the presence of an antigen; type of functional protein.
Buffer
Hormone
Protons
Antibodies
26. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.
Reactants
Unsaturated
Synthesis Reaction
Hydrophobic
27. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.
Sodium
Acids
Hydrolysis...
Bases
28. A chemical reaction in which elements or simple molecular reactants are combined into a more complex product; the opposite of a decomposition reaction.
Nucleotide
Synthesis Reaction
Elements
High- energy Bonds
29. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.
Neutral Fats
Electrostatic Attraction
Polypeptide
Chromosomes
30. The form of metabolism in which cells build large molecules from smaller ones - using energy in the process; the opposite of catabolism.
Hydrophilic
Macromolecule
Synthesis Reaction
Anabolism
31. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Elements
Chemical Symbol
Electrostatic Attraction
Anabolism
32. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.
Synthesis Reaction
Catabolism
Anabolism
Atomic Nucleus
33. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.
Glycoprotein
Substrate
Iodine
Hydrolysis...
34. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.
Atomic Nucleus
Molecule
Polysaccharides
Organic Compounds
35. This minor element is a component of bones and teeth - along with phosphorous; it forms salts that ossify the bones to make them hard and strong.
Atom
Carbon
Electrostatic Attraction
Calcium
36. This inorganic molecule serves as a transport substance in blood - lymph - and urine; its other properties include universal solvent - high heat of vaporization - and lubricant.
Water
Polar Molecule
ATP
Catalyst
37. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
Functional Group
Organic Compounds
Catabolism
Matter
38. A chemical that does not contain hydrocarbon groups.
Glycoprotein
Atomic Number
Inorganic Compound
Exchange Reaction
39. A substance made up of two or more elements.
Atomic Nucleus
Compound
Decomposition Reaction
Calcium
40. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ
Hydrolysis...
High- energy Bonds
Exchange Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis...
41. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.
Lipoprotein
Ions
Molecule
Covalent Bond
42. Complex proteins bearing a spherical shape; highly biochemically active. Also called globular proteins (e.g. - immunoglobulins or antibodies).
Functional Protein
Electrostatic Attraction
Decomposition Reaction
Matter
43. The group of fatty or fatlike substances that are insoluble in water; can dissolve in alcohol - ether - chloroform - and other nonpolar substances.
Lipoprotein
Exchange Reaction
Chemical Reaction
Lipids
44. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.
Thromboxane
Hydrolysis...
Nucleotide
Hydrophobic
45. One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number (same number of protons) but different masses (different number of neutrons).
Iodine
Neutron
Isotopes
Rate of Decay
46. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.
Prostaglandin
Acids
Synthesis Reaction
Molecule
47. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.
Organic Compounds
Lipoprotein
Thromboxane
Inorganic Compound
48. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.
Steroids
Matter
Fatty Acid
Product
49. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.
Chromosomes
Organic Compounds
Lipids
Product
50. The average mass of an atom of an element; equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Triglyceride
Synthesis Reaction
Atomic Weight
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