Test your basic knowledge |

Chemical Basis For Life

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A chemical reaction in which chemical substances exchange molecules or elements to form different chemcial substances; a combination of decomposition and synthesis reactions.






2. Hormonelike substances that are produced and exert many effects locally in a variety of body tissues.






3. A molecule that contains both a lipid and a protein; often function as transmembrane proteins to move substances across the cell membrane or as transport proteins in the blood.






4. Phosphate bonds in ADP and ATP containing large amounts of energy; when the bond is broken - the energy becomes available to do cellular work.






5. Two or more substances mixed homogenously.






6. The combination of phosphoric acid - pentose sugars - and pyrimidine or purine bases that make up nucleic acids.






7. Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate.






8. The class of substances that inclde RNA and DNA and are located within cells of all living things.






9. Substance that is dissolved in another substance; the component of a solution that is present in the lesser amount.






10. A compound containing hydrocarbon groups.






11. A subatomic particle with no electrical charge that joins with the protons to make up the entire mass of the nucleus.






12. An unstable isotope of an element that decomposes spontaneously by emission of subatomic particles and radiation.






13. The force between two particles of opposite electrical charge.






14. The smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance.






15. A compound composed of a carbohydrate - usually in the form of a sugar - and a protein.






16. A lipid composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol; also known as triglycerides.






17. The tendency of a tissue to be repelled by water or to be insoluble; water- fearing.






18. Referred to as DNA; the genetic material of a living organism found in strands called chromatin in the nucleus of the cell.






19. Unique specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.






20. The grouping of electrons around the nucleus of an atom; the electrons in the outer level are responsible for chemical reactions.






21. A molecule produced in the mitochondria of the cell that holds large amounts of energy in its chemical bonds - which - when released - drives chemical reactions in the cell.






22. A molecule composed of three parts: phosphorous - fatty acids and glycerol; major component of cell membranes.






23. The new substance created by the interaction of two or more chemical substances.






24. Large organic compounds that are composed of amino acids held in peptide bonds to form polypeptides; the most abundant organic molecules in the body with the widest variety of functions.






25. Storage form of polysaccharides in the body; can be broken down to glucose by the liver and sent to the cells to make more energy.






26. The abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. Used to identify the element in the Periodic Table of the Elements.






27. This major element is the primary component of organic molecules.






28. The main component of triglycerides present in all fats; triglycerides are soluble in water and alcohol.






29. A dense region at the center of an atom consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons.






30. A simple sugar that has five carbon atoms per molecule; an important component of riboflavin and ribonucleic acid (RNA)






31. This minor element is an important positive ion in extracellular fluid and is important in nerve funciton.






32. Chains of more than 10 amino acids.






33. This trace element is a critical component of hemoglobin; without adequate amounts of this element - animals develop anemia.






34. Any of a group of substances derived from 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids - such as arachidonic acid; includes prostaglandins - leukotrienes - and thromboxanes. They are the principle mediators of inflammation.






35. Reactions that break down more complex materials into simpler ones by adding water; water molecules are consumed in the reaction.






36. This trace element is a key component of thyroid hormone; without this element - the thyroid gland cannot make its hormone - resulting in a swelling called goiter.






37. Subatomic particles with a positive charge that - along with neutrons - make up the entire mass of the nucleus; number of these defines the atomic number.






38. The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.






39. A force by which atoms are bound in a molecule: covalent bonds - ionic bonds - and hydrogen bonds.






40. Substances initially involved in a chemical reaction.






41. A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Arrows are used to denote in which direction the reaction is occurring. Chemical symbols are used to denote the reactants and products of the reaction.






42. A molecule with oppositely charged ends.






43. WX + YZ >> WY + XZ






44. The organic compounds of hydrogen - oxygen - and carbon that - when mixed with glycerol - form fat; may be saturated - unsaturated - or volatile.






45. A chemical reaction in which a complex reactant is divided into simpler molecules or elements; the opposite of a synthesis reaction.






46. Fatty acids with no double bonds in their carbon chains; can accomodate the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. Typically in animal fats and solid at room temperature.






47. The breaking down of nutrients into smaller and simpler materials for use by the cell to release energy; the opposite of anabolism.






48. Chemical bonds in which electrons are shared.






49. 'Many sugars'; a carbohydrate containing many monosaccharides. Two major groups: cellulose and starch.






50. The tendency of a tissue to absorb or be attracted to water; water- loving.