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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. End systems use port numbers to select the proper application. What is the lowest port number that can be dynamically assigned by the host system? 1 - 128 - 256 or 1024?
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Unique
Acknowledgment field significant
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

2. Why does TCP use a sequence number in the header?
Packet
Synchronize sequence numbers
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Maximum transmission unit

3. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Connectionless
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

4. What is a broadcast domain?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
The source and destination port number
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

5. At the transport layer - which of the following controls is used to keep a transmitting host from overflowing the buffers of a receiving host? Choose one: Best effort - encryption - flow control - congestion avoidance?
Upper
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
TCP uses flow control

6. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Window size
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Upper
TCP uses flow control

7. How does UDP keep track of sequence numbers?

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8. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination

9. What two commands can be used to view a host's routing table?
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Netstat -r and route print
Window size
20 and 8

10. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order

11. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
An alternate HTTP port
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

12. Port 110 is?
The source and destination port number
UDP
POP3
TCP

13. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
TCP
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

14. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Static routing
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.

15. Port 520 is?
Destination network - next-hop - metric
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Does not
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

16. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
FIN
Ephermeral
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)

17. In networking terms - What is reliability?
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Transport
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Routers (the subnetting process)

18. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Telnet

19. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
FIN
53
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

20. For a network layer packet to travel between hosts - it must be handed down to the _________________ layer - for another layer of encapsulation called framing - and then encoded and put onto the ____________ layer to be sent to the next router.
Unique
Acknowledgment field significant
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Data link - physical

21. Which of the following is true about IP?

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22. What is the port range for Registered ports
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Maximum transmission unit

23. What is a common device used to divide/break up a broadcast domain into smaller broadcast domains?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Routers (the subnetting process)
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Upper

24. Pieces of information about a route that a routing table contains
Upper
TCP
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.

25. Which of the following are true about TCP and IP?

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26. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
Packet
Unique
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
User Datagram Protocol

27. Encapsulation occurs at all - some or none of the layers of the OSI model?
All
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Maximum transmission unit

28. The router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network is called a ___________ router.
Gateway
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Packet
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

29. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
128
Routing table
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer

30. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

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31. What is the proper order of FIN sequence?
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

32. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

33. What are the transport layer's responsibilities?
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Decapsulation

34. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
It Doesn't - TCP does
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

35. Why is IP 'media independent'?
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
User Datagram Protocol
SMTP
Packet

36. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
Does not
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
53
TCP

37. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
Unique
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
User Datagram Protocol
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

38. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
Decapsulation
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Dynamic / private

39. The three main features of routes in a routing table are?
All
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Destination network - next-hop - metric

40. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
Routing table
Window size
Connectionless

41. Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP - TCP - UDB or OSI?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

42. What is contained in the header of each segment or datagram?
Telnet
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
The source and destination port number

43. What is the protocol number for UDP?
Data link - physical
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

44. What does segmentation provide to communications?
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Transport
TCP
Unique

45. Which is a connectionless protocol - UDP or TCP?
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Decapsulation
UDP
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'

46. What is the port range for dynamic or private ports
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
Netstat -r and route print
49152 - 65535.
Packet

47. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
Maximum transmission unit
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

48. List three network applications that use TCP
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Web browsing - email - file transfer

49. Ephermeral port is what type of port
53
Does not
It Doesn't - TCP does
Dynamic / private

50. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128
SMTP
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously