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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What two commands can be used to view a host's routing table?
POP3
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
53
Netstat -r and route print

2. Which is a connectionless protocol - UDP or TCP?
Transport
UDP
Routers (the subnetting process)
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)

3. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

4. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Transport
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts

5. During data transfer - What is the receiving host responsible for?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
FIN
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network

6. Port 443 is?
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
User Datagram Protocol
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)

7. TCP header provides for
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
SMTP
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control

8. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
Routing table
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Unique
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

9. Which of the following are true about TCP and IP?

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10. List three network applications that use UDP
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Connectionless
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Web browsing - email - file transfer

11. Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP - TCP - UDB or OSI?
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Routers (the subnetting process)

12. For a network layer packet to travel between hosts - it must be handed down to the _________________ layer - for another layer of encapsulation called framing - and then encoded and put onto the ____________ layer to be sent to the next router.
Data link - physical
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Acknowledgment field significant

13. What is the default DNS port number?
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Destination network - next-hop - metric
53
128

14. ACK is?
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Packet
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Acknowledgment field significant

15. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
TCP uses flow control
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
FIN
Window size

16. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
53
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
TCP
Packet

17. Encapsulation occurs at all - some or none of the layers of the OSI model?
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
An alternate HTTP port
All
Static routing

18. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

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19. List three network applications that use TCP
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Web browsing - email - file transfer
20 and 8

20. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Unique
53
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)

21. What are the transport layer's responsibilities?
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port

22. Which of the following are true about IP?
FTP
Dynamic / private
Static routing
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

23. Port 23 is?
Synchronize sequence numbers
Telnet
Unique
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)

24. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Data link - physical

25. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
The source and destination port number
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Upper

26. UDP stands for?
User Datagram Protocol
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts

27. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
An alternate HTTP port
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Gateway
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer

28. SYN is?
53
Synchronize sequence numbers
Decapsulation
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

29. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Netstat -r and route print
Ephermeral

30. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
Connectionless
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

31. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
Decapsulation
FTP
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

32. Why is IP 'media independent'?
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
It works the same on all Layer 1 media

33. When an IP packet is decapsulated - the information in the packet is handed to the upper or lower layers for delivery and processing?
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
Upper
TCP
Synchronize sequence numbers

34. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
TCP uses flow control
Window size

35. What is the port range for dynamic or private ports
49152 - 65535.
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Web browsing - email - file transfer

36. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Connectionless
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

37. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
128
Ephermeral
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

38. What is the port range for Registered ports
UDP
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
FTP
It works the same on all Layer 1 media

39. IP is designed or not designed to track and manage the flow of packets?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Routing table
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
20 and 8

40. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

41. Port 25 is?
Maximum transmission unit
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
SMTP
TCP

42. MSN messenger uses TCP or UDP?
TCP
Transport
An alternate HTTP port
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

43. Routers add routes for the connected networks to their ________________ .
Packet
All
Routing table
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

44. Name the private address blocks
SMTP
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Routers (the subnetting process)
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

45. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Does not
Window size

46. What is the port range for well known ports
It Doesn't - TCP does
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
User Datagram Protocol
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses

47. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
POP3
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Static routing
Transport

48. Port 110 is?
53
SMTP
POP3
Acknowledgment field significant

49. Are well known ports registered
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
20 and 8
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

50. How many bytes of overhead do TCP segments carry? How many does UDP carry?
Gateway
TCP
20 and 8
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network

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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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