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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why is IP 'media independent'?
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

2. What is the purpose of the ToS field in the IPv4 header?
It Doesn't - TCP does
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
The source and destination port number
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

3. List three network applications that use TCP
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
Window size
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Web browsing - email - file transfer

4. When an IP packet is decapsulated - the information in the packet is handed to the upper or lower layers for delivery and processing?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Upper
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

5. Are well known ports registered
The source and destination port number
Acknowledgment field significant
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

6. What four tasks does the network layer perform?
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Data link - physical

7. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Window size
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer

8. End systems use port numbers to select the proper application. What is the lowest port number that can be dynamically assigned by the host system? 1 - 128 - 256 or 1024?
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
IRC
1
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

9. What is the port range for well known ports
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Packet
Ephermeral

10. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

11. How many bytes of overhead do TCP segments carry? How many does UDP carry?
Dynamic / private
20 and 8
Telnet
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

12. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Does not
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Static routing

13. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Netstat -r and route print
UDP
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order

14. The router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network is called a ___________ router.
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
Gateway
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Does not

15. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Connectionless
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer

16. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Unique
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

17. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Transport
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
TCP uses flow control

18. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Window size
Packet
128

19. Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP - TCP - UDB or OSI?
Ephermeral
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.

20. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

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21. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer

22. ACK is?
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Acknowledgment field significant
It Doesn't - TCP does
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control

23. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
TCP uses flow control
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Does not
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

24. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
User Datagram Protocol

25. The three main features of routes in a routing table are?
Gateway
Destination network - next-hop - metric
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Data link - physical

26. Port 110 is?
The source and destination port number
Transport
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
POP3

27. What are three key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Telnet

28. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Ephermeral
Connectionless
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.

29. SYN is?
TCP uses flow control
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Synchronize sequence numbers
Acknowledgment field significant

30. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
Packet
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
128
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

31. What is the default DNS port number?
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
53
Netstat -r and route print
Static routing

32. MTU stands for ?
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Maximum transmission unit
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Acknowledgment field significant

33. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
FIN
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)

34. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Synchronize sequence numbers
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
49152 - 65535.

35. Port 20 is?
FTP
FIN
128
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

36. Which is a connectionless protocol - UDP or TCP?
UDP
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
53
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

37. Name the private address blocks
It Doesn't - TCP does
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
Static routing

38. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Window size
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p

39. UDP does or does not create a session?
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Does not
Acknowledgment field significant
User Datagram Protocol

40. Port 8080 is?
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
An alternate HTTP port
IRC
FIN

41. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

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42. What is the proper order of FIN sequence?
Connectionless
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
FTP
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

43. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

44. TCP header provides for
20 and 8
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol

45. What are the transport layer's responsibilities?
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
Synchronize sequence numbers
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

46. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Does not
FTP
1

47. Which of the following is true about IP?

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48. Routes to remote networks with the associated next-hops can be manually configured on the router. What is the same for this type of routing?
Gateway
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Static routing

49. During data transfer - What is the receiving host responsible for?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
1
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

50. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
TCP
49152 - 65535.
Unique
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address