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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Upper
Connectionless
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network

2. What is contained in the header of each segment or datagram?
SMTP
20 and 8
The source and destination port number
Destination network - next-hop - metric

3. ACK is?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Acknowledgment field significant
128
Transport

4. Which is a connectionless protocol - UDP or TCP?
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
UDP
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
1

5. Why does TCP use a sequence number in the header?
Dynamic / private
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
FIN
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

6. Routes to remote networks with the associated next-hops can be manually configured on the router. What is the same for this type of routing?
Static routing
POP3
TCP uses flow control
SMTP

7. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
Dynamic / private
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Upper

8. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route

9. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
It Doesn't - TCP does
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)

10. Why is IP 'media independent'?
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route

11. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
Connectionless
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

12. What is the purpose of the ToS field in the IPv4 header?
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Data link - physical
Acknowledgment field significant

13. UDP stands for?
User Datagram Protocol
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Telnet
Synchronize sequence numbers

14. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
1
FIN
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Connectionless

15. When an IP packet is decapsulated - the information in the packet is handed to the upper or lower layers for delivery and processing?
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
Upper
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

16. The value of the ACK number field is equal to the client ISN plus ___________ (number)?
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
128
1
Transport

17. What does segmentation provide to communications?
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
Routers (the subnetting process)
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

18. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

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19. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
TCP
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Ephermeral
Telnet

20. MSN messenger uses TCP or UDP?
TCP
Gateway
SMTP
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

21. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
Routers (the subnetting process)
53
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Unique

22. SYN is?
Acknowledgment field significant
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Synchronize sequence numbers

23. Port 25 is?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
IRC
SMTP

24. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
Destination network - next-hop - metric
Unique
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts

25. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
TCP
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Telnet

26. At the transport layer - which of the following controls is used to keep a transmitting host from overflowing the buffers of a receiving host? Choose one: Best effort - encryption - flow control - congestion avoidance?
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Telnet
TCP uses flow control
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

27. What is the port range for well known ports
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Dynamic / private
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

28. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
20 and 8
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

29. IP is designed or not designed to track and manage the flow of packets?
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
20 and 8
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers

30. What is the protocol number for UDP?
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Routing table

31. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
Decapsulation
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
128
FIN

32. The router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network is called a ___________ router.
Does not
49152 - 65535.
Gateway
Synchronize sequence numbers

33. How does UDP keep track of sequence numbers?

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34. Port 8080 is?
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
FTP
An alternate HTTP port

35. Port 110 is?
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
POP3
User Datagram Protocol
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)

36. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
Dynamic / private
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Routing table

37. Port 69 is?
Ephermeral
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
128

38. Port 443 is?
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)

39. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
Transport
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network

40. In networking terms - What is reliability?
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Data link - physical
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
The source and destination port number

41. Which of the following are true about IP?
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

42. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

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43. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Telnet
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

44. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Window size
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Connectionless

45. What is the port range for Registered ports
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route

46. Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP - TCP - UDB or OSI?
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Gateway
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.

47. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
All
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.

48. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
Ephermeral
49152 - 65535.
Upper
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

49. Are well known ports registered
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Routers (the subnetting process)

50. Ephermeral port is what type of port
Dynamic / private
Window size
Gateway
Upper