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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does segmentation provide to communications?
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Routing table

2. End systems use port numbers to select the proper application. What is the lowest port number that can be dynamically assigned by the host system? 1 - 128 - 256 or 1024?
IRC
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

3. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
Gateway
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Unique

4. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
Packet
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

5. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Decapsulation
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation

6. What is the port range for Registered ports
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Upper
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

7. What is a common device used to divide/break up a broadcast domain into smaller broadcast domains?
Routers (the subnetting process)
Static routing
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Netstat -r and route print

8. Port 443 is?
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Connectionless

9. Encapsulation occurs at all - some or none of the layers of the OSI model?
Synchronize sequence numbers
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
All
POP3

10. What is the protocol number for UDP?
Maximum transmission unit
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Unique
Ephermeral

11. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
POP3

12. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Connectionless

13. How many bytes of overhead do TCP segments carry? How many does UDP carry?
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
TCP
Upper
20 and 8

14. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

15. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
Decapsulation
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.

16. How does UDP keep track of sequence numbers?

17. Port 194 is?
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Maximum transmission unit
IRC

18. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Gateway

19. SYN is?
Synchronize sequence numbers
Destination network - next-hop - metric
Unique
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

20. What is contained in the header of each segment or datagram?
The source and destination port number
Transport
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol

21. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

22. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

23. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
IRC

24. For a network layer packet to travel between hosts - it must be handed down to the _________________ layer - for another layer of encapsulation called framing - and then encoded and put onto the ____________ layer to be sent to the next router.
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Data link - physical
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Ephermeral

25. Ephermeral port is what type of port
Dynamic / private
FIN
It Doesn't - TCP does
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer

26. Are well known ports registered
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.

27. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
It Doesn't - TCP does
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Acknowledgment field significant
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

28. What four tasks does the network layer perform?
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Does not
Data link - physical
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network

29. MTU stands for ?
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Maximum transmission unit
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

30. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
TCP
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
Ephermeral

31. What are the transport layer's responsibilities?
POP3
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Data link - physical
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

32. What is a broadcast domain?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Upper
Does not
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control

33. Which of the following are true about TCP and IP?

34. In networking terms - What is reliability?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

35. List three network applications that use UDP
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
SMTP
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

36. Name the private address blocks
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Web browsing - email - file transfer

37. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
Maximum transmission unit
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
The source and destination port number
TCP

38. Why is IP 'media independent'?
128
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Transport
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port

39. What two commands can be used to view a host's routing table?
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Netstat -r and route print

40. UDP does or does not create a session?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
Does not
Ephermeral
IRC

41. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
128
An alternate HTTP port

42. At the transport layer - which of the following controls is used to keep a transmitting host from overflowing the buffers of a receiving host? Choose one: Best effort - encryption - flow control - congestion avoidance?
53
All
TCP uses flow control
FIN

43. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Routers (the subnetting process)

44. Which of the following is true about IP?

45. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
FIN
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
An alternate HTTP port

46. What is the port range for dynamic or private ports
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
49152 - 65535.
Data link - physical

47. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
TCP uses flow control
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.

48. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
Gateway
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
POP3

49. MSN messenger uses TCP or UDP?
TCP
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts

50. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route