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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Routing table

2. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
Routing table
Acknowledgment field significant
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

3. What is the port range for well known ports
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Data link - physical
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses

4. What are the transport layer's responsibilities?
TCP
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Web browsing - email - file transfer
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

5. IP is designed or not designed to track and manage the flow of packets?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p

6. List three network applications that use TCP
Web browsing - email - file transfer
FTP
Netstat -r and route print
Connectionless

7. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
20 and 8
Synchronize sequence numbers
Dynamic / private
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.

8. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Web browsing - email - file transfer
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

9. Port 443 is?
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Window size

10. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
Connectionless
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
1
FIN

11. Ephermeral port is what type of port
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Dynamic / private

12. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
Decapsulation
FIN
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

13. For a network layer packet to travel between hosts - it must be handed down to the _________________ layer - for another layer of encapsulation called framing - and then encoded and put onto the ____________ layer to be sent to the next router.
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Data link - physical

14. Which of the following is true about IP?

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15. When an IP packet is decapsulated - the information in the packet is handed to the upper or lower layers for delivery and processing?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Upper
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

16. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Window size
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer

17. TCP header provides for
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

18. What is the purpose of the ToS field in the IPv4 header?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)

19. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Connectionless
Packet
Routers (the subnetting process)

20. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Synchronize sequence numbers
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)

21. What is the default DNS port number?
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
53
Does not
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.

22. Routes to remote networks with the associated next-hops can be manually configured on the router. What is the same for this type of routing?
Static routing
53
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Gateway

23. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

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24. Which is a connectionless protocol - UDP or TCP?
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Unique
UDP
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

25. Routers add routes for the connected networks to their ________________ .
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Routing table
Unique

26. Why does TCP use a sequence number in the header?
20 and 8
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Netstat -r and route print
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p

27. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Transport
Decapsulation

28. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
It Doesn't - TCP does
Packet
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol

29. End systems use port numbers to select the proper application. What is the lowest port number that can be dynamically assigned by the host system? 1 - 128 - 256 or 1024?
Unique
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Static routing
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order

30. Port 8080 is?
20 and 8
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
An alternate HTTP port
Routing table

31. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
UDP
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Connectionless

32. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Transport
Data link - physical

33. What is a common device used to divide/break up a broadcast domain into smaller broadcast domains?
Routers (the subnetting process)
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Maximum transmission unit
Destination network - next-hop - metric

34. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Acknowledgment field significant
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol

35. Port 20 is?
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
FTP

36. ACK is?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
Acknowledgment field significant
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
It works the same on all Layer 1 media

37. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
It Doesn't - TCP does
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route

38. Pieces of information about a route that a routing table contains
Routing table
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Static routing
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

39. Which protocol provides connectionless network layer services? IP - TCP - UDB or OSI?
FIN
TCP
Netstat -r and route print
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.

40. What is a broadcast domain?
Does not
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
It Doesn't - TCP does
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

41. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
49152 - 65535.
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.

42. What is the proper order of FIN sequence?
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Telnet
20 and 8
All

43. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
20 and 8
Data link - physical
Ephermeral
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

44. UDP stands for?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
User Datagram Protocol
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.

45. Name the private address blocks
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Upper

46. MTU stands for ?
Synchronize sequence numbers
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
Maximum transmission unit

47. List three network applications that use UDP
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

48. What are three key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network?
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
TCP
53

49. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

50. Port 25 is?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
SMTP
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control