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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
All
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination

2. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
UDP
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
Netstat -r and route print

3. What is the port range for Registered ports
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
20 and 8
128

4. UDP does or does not create a session?
Decapsulation
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Does not

5. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Dynamic / private
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol

6. TCP header provides for
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
The source and destination port number
Gateway

7. What are three key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network?
TCP
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Ephermeral

8. MTU stands for ?
Maximum transmission unit
Connectionless
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.

9. What is the protocol number for UDP?
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.

10. Port 520 is?
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Connectionless
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.

11. What is the port range for well known ports
Unique
20 and 8
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

12. Port 23 is?
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Destination network - next-hop - metric
Telnet
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

13. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Decapsulation
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)

14. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

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15. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
Synchronize sequence numbers
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
Decapsulation
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

16. Ephermeral port is what type of port
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Does not
53
Dynamic / private

17. What is a broadcast domain?
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use

18. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
128
FIN

19. Why is IP 'media independent'?
53
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
FTP
User Datagram Protocol

20. What four tasks does the network layer perform?
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation

21. The router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network is called a ___________ router.
All
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Gateway
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

22. Which of the following are true about IP?
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Netstat -r and route print
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments

23. IP is designed or not designed to track and manage the flow of packets?
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
UDP
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

24. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
Packet
Routers (the subnetting process)
Does not
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

25. What two commands can be used to view a host's routing table?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Netstat -r and route print
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)

26. What is the purpose of the ToS field in the IPv4 header?
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Decapsulation
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

27. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)

28. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
53
Destination network - next-hop - metric

29. Port 69 is?
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Data link - physical

30. During data transfer - What is the receiving host responsible for?
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

31. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
2nd and third choices are correct--TCP is reliable and connection-oriented. IP is the one that's unreliable and connectionless. IP operates at the network layer.

32. What are the three basic characteristics of IPv4?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Maximum transmission unit
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control

33. At the transport layer - which of the following controls is used to keep a transmitting host from overflowing the buffers of a receiving host? Choose one: Best effort - encryption - flow control - congestion avoidance?
Connectionless
Synchronize sequence numbers
TCP uses flow control
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port

34. Which protocol provides just the basic functions for efficiently delivering data pieces between appropriate applications - TCP or UDP?

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35. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
TCP
Ephermeral

36. For a network layer packet to travel between hosts - it must be handed down to the _________________ layer - for another layer of encapsulation called framing - and then encoded and put onto the ____________ layer to be sent to the next router.
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Data link - physical
Ephermeral
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers

37. List three network applications that use TCP
Web browsing - email - file transfer
20 and 8
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
128

38. Are well known ports registered
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
Routing table
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port

39. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Decapsulation
FIN
Maximum transmission unit

40. In networking terms - What is reliability?
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
Transport
The source and destination port number

41. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
It Doesn't - TCP does
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

42. Port 8080 is?
Destination network - next-hop - metric
An alternate HTTP port
Transport
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

43. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Transport
Routers (the subnetting process)
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

44. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
The source and destination port number
TCP

45. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Ephermeral
Maximum transmission unit
TCP

46. UDP stands for?
User Datagram Protocol
Ephermeral
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

47. MSN messenger uses TCP or UDP?
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
TCP
IRC

48. What is the proper order of FIN sequence?
20 and 8
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Synchronize sequence numbers
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer

49. Port 110 is?
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
SMTP
POP3
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p

50. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
20 and 8
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Unique
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route

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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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