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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why is IP 'media independent'?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
Connectionless
It works the same on all Layer 1 media

2. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Synchronize sequence numbers

3. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
TCP
IRC

4. What is the port range for Registered ports
SMTP
Destination network - next-hop - metric
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

5. Port 20 is?
Dynamic / private
FTP
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

6. TCP header provides for
Transport
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control

7. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Ephermeral

8. Encapsulation occurs at all - some or none of the layers of the OSI model?
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
All
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

9. The three main features of routes in a routing table are?
49152 - 65535.
Destination network - next-hop - metric
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

10. Port 23 is?
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Telnet
Dynamic / private
Netstat -r and route print

11. What is the protocol number for UDP?
IRC
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)

12. Routers add routes for the connected networks to their ________________ .
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
User Datagram Protocol
Routing table

13. An example of a communication that sends a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance is called?
Decapsulation
Static routing
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
Connectionless

14. What four tasks does the network layer perform?
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation
IRC
Routers (the subnetting process)
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

15. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Telnet
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

16. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
128
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
Decapsulation
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)

17. What is the port range for well known ports
Data link - physical
UDP
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses

18. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
FTP
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)

19. Why does TCP use a sequence number in the header?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Gateway
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)

20. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
Acknowledgment field significant
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
128
It Doesn't - TCP does

21. UDP stands for?
User Datagram Protocol
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.

22. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
It works the same on all Layer 1 media
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Transport

23. How many bytes of overhead do TCP segments carry? How many does UDP carry?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
20 and 8
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol

24. What kinds of problems are caused by excessive broadcast traffic on a network segment?
User Datagram Protocol
Unique
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination

25. At the transport layer - which of the following controls is used to keep a transmitting host from overflowing the buffers of a receiving host? Choose one: Best effort - encryption - flow control - congestion avoidance?
The source and destination port number
TCP uses flow control
SMTP
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

26. IP is designed or not designed to track and manage the flow of packets?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
49152 - 65535.

27. Pieces of information about a route that a routing table contains
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Connectionless

28. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
Transport
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port

29. Which of the following are true about IP?
An alternate HTTP port
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

30. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
Unique
Reduced network bandwidth - increased overhead - and reduced host functions. The other answers are part of solutions to excessive broadcasts
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)

31. What is the port range for dynamic or private ports
49152 - 65535.
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Decapsulation
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'

32. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
Transport
An alternate HTTP port
20 and 8
Packet

33. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
Gateway
Window size

34. UDP does or does not create a session?
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Does not

35. What is a broadcast domain?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Transport
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Upper

36. Port 25 is?
Ephermeral
SMTP
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Acknowledgment field significant

37. What is the purpose of the ToS field in the IPv4 header?
Telnet
It Doesn't - TCP does
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.

38. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
FIN
TCP uses flow control
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address

39. What are three key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network?
The source and destination port number
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
UDP
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

40. What two commands can be used to view a host's routing table?
Netstat -r and route print
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Unique
Acknowledgment field significant

41. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
Acknowledgment field significant
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Packet
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction

42. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
1
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.

43. MSN messenger uses TCP or UDP?
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
TCP
Upper
Unique

44. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
Netstat -r and route print
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order

45. SYN is?
128
Synchronize sequence numbers
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
1

46. Which of the following are true about TCP and IP?

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47. Routes to remote networks with the associated next-hops can be manually configured on the router. What is the same for this type of routing?
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Static routing
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da

48. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
Unique
Does not
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

49. What is the default DNS port number?
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets
Synchronize sequence numbers
53

50. Which of the following are true about network layer encapsulation?
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
53
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order