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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Which of the following are true about TCP and IP?

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2. What is the proper order of FIN sequence?
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
False. It's like a file - only one process can read/write.
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'

3. What information does a router need to successfully forward packets?
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.

4. Name the private address blocks
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously
10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 - 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 - 192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p

5. ACK is?
Acknowledgment field significant
Static routing
Routers (the subnetting process)
TCP

6. What is the netstat utility used for on a host?
Dynamic / private
Connectionless
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Acknowledgment field significant

7. Port 69 is?
TCP uses flow control
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer

8. List three network applications that use UDP
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
The source and destination port number

9. Encapsulation occurs at all - some or none of the layers of the OSI model?
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
All

10. Which of the following are not functions of the network layer?
Acknowledgment field significant
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Netstat -r and route print
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

11. Which of the following are true about static and dynamic routing?
Connectionless
Static routing
Routing table
Dynamic routing adds packet-processing overhead - and routers can use static and dynamic routing simultaneously

12. What is the purpose of sequence numbers?
Web browsing - email - file transfer
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Allows the transport layer function on the destination host to reassemble segments in the right order
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time

13. What is the default DNS port number?
53
Acknowledgment field significant
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #
SMTP

14. What is the proper order of SYN sequence?
Does not
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
SYN -> SYN.ACK->SEQ - ACK = SEQ+1 - SEQ is a random #

15. If a router needs to send a packet but doesn't know the next hop or destination network - what can it do?
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
Unique
53
Forward the packet to the default route interface (gateway) or just drop/discard the packets

16. In networking terms - What is reliability?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
It means ensuring that each segment that the source sends arrives at the destination
FIN
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation

17. What is the purpose of TCP/UDP port numbers?
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
To track the different conversations crossing the network at the same time
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.

18. Which protocol ensures more reliable delivery between applications - TCP or UDP?
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
SMTP
FTP
Telnet

19. The router a network uses to send and receive messages beyond the network is called a ___________ router.
TCP. It makes larger demands on a network
Web browsing - email - file transfer
Gateway
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th

20. End systems use port numbers to select the proper application. What is the lowest port number that can be dynamically assigned by the host system? 1 - 128 - 256 or 1024?
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
IP. TCP is connection-oriented - and UDP is connectionless but works on the transport layer.
It works the same on all Layer 1 media

21. What are three key factors to consider when grouping hosts into a common network?
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
TCP
User Datagram Protocol
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol

22. Which is a connection-oriented protocol - TCP or UDP?
TCP
Synchronize sequence numbers
Segmentation provides the means to send and receive data when running multiple applications concurrently on a computer
49152 - 65535.

23. What is the port range for dynamic or private ports
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
The source and destination port number
49152 - 65535.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol

24. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
Decapsulation
Maximum transmission unit
It Doesn't - TCP does
128

25. Port 520 is?
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Packet

26. When an OSI Layer 4 PDU has been encapsulated at the network layer it is called a ______________.
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation
Keeping track of the individual conversations taking place between applications on the source and destinations hosts - Segmenting data and adding a header - Using header info to reassemble the segments into application data - Passing the assembled da
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
Packet

27. When an IP packet is decapsulated - the information in the packet is handed to the upper or lower layers for delivery and processing?
49152 - 65535.
It Doesn't - TCP does
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Upper

28. Determines how much data a sending host running TCP/IP can transmit before it must receive an acknowledgment
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Destination network - next-hop - metric
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Window size

29. TCP is a ________________ layer protocol.
Window size
Transport
It Doesn't - TCP does
Maximum transmission unit

30. TCP header provides for
Source and destination (ports) - Sequencing - Acknowledgement - Flow control
Not - these are done by other protocols in other layers
Does not
Upper

31. During data transfer - What is the receiving host responsible for?
TCP uses flow control
Acknowledgment and reassembly (receipt of packets and putting them in right order)
User Datagram Protocol
IRC

32. What is the port range for well known ports
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
Web browsing - email - file transfer
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'

33. How many bytes of overhead do TCP segments carry? How many does UDP carry?
A broadcast domain is a logical part of a network (a network segment) in which any network equipment can transmit data directly to another equipment or device without going through a routing device (assuming the devices share the same subnet and use
All
An alternate HTTP port
20 and 8

34. Which characteristics are part of TCP? Pick two: Reliable - connectionless - no flow control - resends anything not received?
Window size
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Decapsulation
UDP

35. UDP does or does not create a session?
The type-of-service field contains an 8-bit binary value that is used to determine the priority of each packet. This enables QoS (Quality of service) to happen.
It is used by both routers and hosts. The second one is incorrect because IP uses addressing information in the header to determine the best path for the packet. 'Reliable' is incorrect because IP is only a 'best effort' protocol
Purpose - ownership - and geographic location are key ways to divide a network
Does not

36. Why does TCP use a sequence number in the header?
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
To reassemble the segments into data - To identify the application layer protocol - To indicate the number of the next expected byte - To show the maximum number of bytes allowed during a session. Allows the receiving host to reassemble segments in p
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

37. Port 110 is?
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
HTTPS (Secure HTTP)
Decapsulation
POP3

38. On a particular network how would you determine the default gateway address for a host?
UDP
Routers (the subnetting process)
The default gateway address is the address of a router interface that is connected to the same network as the host.
Connectionless - Best effort (unreliable) - media independent

39. IP requires that each sending and receiving device have a __________ IP address.
Ephermeral
It is the most common - and it encapsulates transport layer segments
Unique
Addressing packets with IP addresses - Encapsulation - Routing - Decapsulation

40. Pieces of information about a route that a routing table contains
FIN
Reliable - connection-oriented protocol (resends if not received)
Next hop - metric and destination network. Routers do not need source address - last hop - or default gateway to find a path to the network.
Gateway

41. Port 8080 is?
An alternate HTTP port
Transport
FTP
Routing table

42. Dynamic ports fall into what category of port
Upper
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer
Ephermeral

43. What is the protocol number for UDP?
UDP - it sends datagrams as 'best effort'
17 (A flag is set in the segment header. If this flag actually reads 17 - it is identified as a UDP header)
The router matches the destination address in the packet header with the destination network of a route in the routing table and forwards the packet to the next-hop router specified by that route
1024. The lower numbers are the well-known ports.1024 through 49151 are registered ports and used by the host for dynamic port allocation

44. Ports can be shared at the same time? (t/f)

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45. Are well known ports registered
1
Yes - for applications and services such as http - pop - smtp. Client requests services from a specific port.
UDP
TCP

46. When the client end of the session has no more data to transfer - it sets the ___________ flag in the header of the segment? (Hint: three-letter acronym)
FIN
Netstat lists the protocols in use - the local address and port number - the foreign address and port number - and the state of the connection. Also displays active TCP connections - ports on which the computer is listening - Ethernet statistics - th
0 - 1023 (total of 1024). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses
Netstat -r and route print

47. The three-way handshake performs what three functions?
Destination device is there - Figures out if it has an active service running and is accepting requests on the right port - Tells the destination device that it wants to communicate on said port
FIN -> FIN.ACK (terminate client to server) - FIN->FIN.ACK->Ack recvd (terminate server to client)
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP

48. What is the name of the process of removing the OSI Layer 2 information from an IP packet?
1024 - 49151. Unlike ports with lower numbers - developers of new TCP/UDP services can select a specific number to register with IANA rather than having a number assigned to them. Using registered ports also avoids the additional security restriction
DNS - video-streaming - VoIP
Decapsulation
Delivery reliability and application data analysis. The first is a transport layer concern - and the second is the presentation layer. Routing - addressing packets with an IP adress - encapsulation and decapsulation are functions of the network layer

49. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
32 - there are four octets of 8 bits each in an IPv4 address
It Doesn't - TCP does
Data link - physical
Does not

50. Ephermeral port is what type of port
Web browsing - email - file transfer
It adds a header - and adds both source and destination IP addresses. Network layer encapsulation happens only on the original host; other devices can read the data - but they do not remove or alter it until the destination network is reached.
TCP
Dynamic / private

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Cisco Network Fundamentals - 2

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