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CISSP Operational Security

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The actors causing the threats that might exploit a vulnerability






2. DOS - malformed packet - the teardrop attack is a malformed packet attack that targets issues with systems fragmentation reassembly. The attack involves sending packets with overlapping fragment offsets - which can cause a system attempting to reasse






3. Dictionary attacks - directs the password cracking tool to use a supplied list of words as potential passwords.






4. Two parties conspire to undermine the security of the transaction






5. Used to prevent an attack from being able to simply guess the correct password by attempting a large number of possibilities






6. Process: identify a change - propose a change - assess the risk associated with the change - test - schedule the change - notify impacted parties - implement - report the results to management - all changes must be tracked and auditable - a detailed






7. Masquerading as another endpoint. presenting false information - usually within packets - to trick other systems and hide the origin of the message. done to prevent an identity from becoming uncovered






8. Distributed denial of service - many to one availability attack






9. Define a minimum reporting threshold level and help differentiate an attack from noise - but can also cause false negatives






10. Denial of service - one to one availability attack






11. Any type of software that attacks a system or application - also called malicious code






12. Malicious code that hooks onto executable code - and requires user interaction to spread. In addition to spreading - the actual payload of the virus - that is - what it is intended to do - could be anything






13. A replica of all allocated data on a disk






14. Have the ability to self-propogate - or spread without user interaction. more well known worms: Code Red - Nimda - SQL Slammer - Blaster - MyDoom - Witty






15. A hot standy - configuration in which the backup systems only begin processing when a failure state is detected






16. Administrative security control used in MAC systems where access determination is based upon a clearance level of subjects and classification levels of objects. Compartmentalization enforces need to know which necessitates that someone requires acces






17. Considered the most secure means of data sanititzation - commonly uses incineration or pulverization






18. DOS - resource exhaustion - involves ICMP flooding. The attacker sends ICMP echo request messages with spoofed source addresses of the victim to the directed broadcast address of a network known to be smurf amplifier. As with most resource exhaustive






19. Mirrored sets in a striped set (minimum four disks; even number of disks) provides fault tolerance and improved performance but increases complexity.






20. Administrative control where employees are required to take a vacation. helps determine personnel single points of failure - detection and deterence of fraud - and the risk that comes with employees being unavailable for work. can also detect suspici






21. Striped set with distributed parity - uses block level striping - writes parity information that is used for recovery purposes. distributes the parity information across multiple disks. allows for data recovery in the event that one disk fails






22. Striped set with dual distributed parity - allows for recovery if two disks fail






23. DOS - Malformed packet - denial of service involved in sending a malformed ICMP echo request (ping) that was larger than the maximum size of an IP packet. Patching TCPIP stacks of systems removed the vulnerability of this DOS attack






24. Attacks against vulnerabilities with no patch or fix






25. The medium that allows the threat agent to exploit a vulnerability






26. Redundant array of inexpensive disks - goal is to mitigate the risk of failure of a hard disk






27. Most often associated with providing an attacker with persistent backdoor access. Trojans provide desirable functionality that the user is seeking but also come with malicious functionality that the user does not anticipate






28. Places the attacker between the victim and another system. the attackers goal is to be able to serve as an undiscovered proxy for either or both of two endpoints engaging in communication. Uses sniffing and spoofing. The capabilities of session hijac






29. Administrative control that makes sure employees have the proper rights and privileges to perform their work. escalation of priviliges can occur as employees are promoted or change jobs - yet their access rights and priveleges to systems and informat






30. Backup of any files that have changed since the last backup






31. Term used for malware that is focused on hiding its own existence. Typical capabilities include file - folder - process - and network connection hiding. The techniques developed with rootkits are now commonly included in other types of malware






32. Mirrored striped set with distributed parity (some manufacturers label this as RAID 53)






33. Means load balancing - each node in a HA cluster is actively processing data prior to failure






34. Stipulate all expectations regarding the providing of a service and its quality. what is considered acceptable regarding things such as bandwidth - time to delivery - response time - etc.






35. More effective data sanitization technique where data on a drive is overwritten






36. Striped set with dedicated parity at the byte level - data at the byte level is striped across multiple disks - but an additional disk is leveraged for storage of parity information - which is used for recovery in the event of a failure. allows for d






37. Failover cluster - employs multiple systems that are already installed - configured - and plugged in - such that if a failover causes one of the systems to fail - then the other can be seamlessly leveraged to maintain the availability of the service






38. Administrative security control that prescribes that multiple people are required to complete critical or sensitive transactions. The goal is to ensure that in order for someone to be able to abuse their access to sensitive information or transaction






39. Malicious code that infects Microsoft Office documents by means of embedding malicious macros within them.






40. Administrative control - a work related contractual agreement that ensures that employees - prior to being given sensitive information - will maintain the confidentiality and sensitivity of this information (also considered a directive control)






41. Trying all possible password combinations until a correct match between the hashes is found. may make use of rainbow tables which contain precomputed password-hash combinations






42. Deleting the file allocation on a storage device. important in security because it does not delete the data - it merely deletes the points that are used to find the data






43. An offline technique in which the attacker has gained access to the password hashes or database






44. DOS - resource exhaustion - most basic type of resource exhaustive attacks - and involve an attacker - or attacker controlled machines - initiating many connections to the victim - but not responding to the victim's SYN/ACK packets. The victim's conn






45. An online technique that involves attempting to authenticate a particular user to a system






46. A means to achieve data redundancy without incurring the same degree of cost as that of mirroring in terms of disk usage and write performance






47. DOS - malformed packet - the land attack uses spoofed SYN packet that includes the victim's IP address and TCP port as both source and destination. This attack targets the TCPIP stack






48. Incident response stage in which the response team attempts to keep further damage from occurring as a result of the incident. also the phase where a binary forensic backup is made of systems involved in the incident.






49. Confidentiality attack on network traffic - involves monitoring packets as they traverse a network.






50. Administrative control where in order to mitigate risk and uncover potential fraud - employee's job or job functions are shifted and changed