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Civil Rights And Civil Liberties Court Cases

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  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.






2. Incorporated a portion of the Fourth Amendment by establishing that illegally obtained evidence cannot be sued at trial.






3. The Court voted to uphold the constitutionality of the university of Michigan law school's affirmative action policy - which gave preference of minority students.






4. Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause






5. All defendants must be informed of legal rights before they are arrested [5th]






6. Upheld student's rights to express themselves by wearing black armbands symbolizing protest of the Vietnam War.






7. Set the Court's rationale of selective incorporation - a judicial doctrine whereby most but not all of the protections found in the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment.






8. Halt to all death penalty punishments in nation until a less arbitrary method of sentencing was found [8th]






9. States may provide school vouchers to parents that may use the money to attend religious school. [exception to lemon v. kurtzman]






10. The Court held that in order to be obscene - material must be 'utterly without redeeming social value.'






11. This decision expanded the types of beliefs that can be used to get conscientious objector status. The depth and fervency of the beliefs - rather than their status as part of an established religious system - became fundamental to determining which v






12. Prior restraint case; the Court ruled that a trial judge could not prohibit the publication or broadcast of information about a murder trial.






13. The Court fashioned the direct incitement test for deciding whether certain kinds of speech could be regulated by the government. This test holds that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the First Amendment unless imminent action is intended a






14. (no burning draft card) [symbolic speech]


15. Case wherein the Supreme Court adopted the exclusionary rule - which bars the use of illegally obtained evidence at trial.






16. When a government operates a 'limited public forum -' it may not discriminate against speech that takes place within that forum on the basis of the viewpoint it expresses—in this case - against religious speech engaged in by an evangelical Christian






17. Paying legislative chaplains and opening a legislative body with a prayer does not violate the establishment clause. (Long standing tradition - they're adults) [exception to lemon v. kurtzman]






18. Overturning Furman v. Georgia - the case ruled that Georgia's rewritten death penalty statute is constitutional.






19. Due process in suspension or expulsion






20. Nonverbal communication - such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the first amendment.






21. Case wherein the Supreme Court began to formulate rules designed to make it easier for states to regulate obscene materials and to return to communities a greater role in determining What is obscene.






22. The objectives of the military allow it to restrict the religious rights of individuals in the interest of cohesiveness. The Court did not endeavor to assess the military's claims concerning the importance of regulating the appearance of its members.






23. Law must be clearly secular - not prohibiting or inhibiting religion - and there should be no excessive entanglement






24. Moments of silent prayer at school are unconstitutional---moments of silence are not. [est. clause and schools]






25. The Court ruled that a Nebraska 'partial birth' abortion statute was unconstitutionally vague and unenforceable - calling into question the laws of twenty-nine other states.






26. The last time the Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of the Second Amendment; ruled that the amendment was only intended to protect a citizen's right to own ordinary militia weapons.






27. This case was an unsuccessful attempt to challenge Pennsylvania's restrictive abortion regulations.






28. The Supreme Court - however - held that the ordinances were neither neutral nor generally applicable: rather - they applied exclusively to the church. Because the law was targeted at Santera






29. Identified an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution using the 1st - 3rd - 4th - 5th - and 9th amendment. Hint: This case involved birth control and married couples... relate this somehow to the Griswold family vacation movies?






30. Turned the tide in terms of constitutional litigation - ruling that the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited unreasonable classifications based on sex.






31. 'pentagon papers' executive efforts to prevent publication forbidden (Ellsburg & Vietnam)






32. Extended 1981 ruling to high schools for use of facilities by religious groups after hours [est. clause and schools]






33. Concluded that a defendant did not have a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Charles Schenck was the Secretary of the Socialist party and was responsible for printing - distributing - and mailing 15000 leaflets






34. Follow-up to Brown v. Board of Education - this case laid out the process for school desegregation and established the concept of dismantling systems 'with all deliberate speed.'






35. Free exercise of religion not violation of compulsory attendance laws; Amish children do not have to go to school until they are 16---they may stop after the 8th grade






36. Supreme Court decision that said it was unconstitutional to keep Mexican-Americans off of juries.






37. Held that the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution protected students from being forced to salute the American flag and say the Pledge of Allegiance in school. Overturned MinersvilleISD v Gobitis [Free exercise]






38. In this case - the Court ruled that the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was not unconstitutional.






39. Incorporated the First Amendment's right to freedom of assembly.






40. Court ruled that laws banning animal sacrifice were unconstitutional because they targeted the Santeria religion specifically.






41. The Court reversed its 1986 ruling in Bowers v. Hardwick by finding a Texas statute that banned sodomy to be unconstitutional.






42. Selectively incorporates freedom of the press -The Court ruled that a Minnesota law that targeted publishers of 'malicious' or 'scandalous' newspapers violated the First Amendment






43. Peremptory challenges cannot be used to exclude all people of a given race (in this case - African Americans) from a jury pool.






44. Ll nine Justices of the Court voted to strike down anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act (the CDA) - finding they violated the freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment [obscenity]






45. The Court ruled that an all-male jury did not violate a woman's rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.






46. The Court upheld the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003.






47. The Fourteenth Amendment did not impose specific limitations on criminal justice in the states - and that illegally obtained evidence did not necessarily have to be excluded from trials in all cases.






48. Established exclusionary rule [4th amendment]; Fremont Weeks was suspected of using the mail system to distribute chances in a lottery - which was considered gambling and was illegal in Missouri. State agents entered his home - searched his room - an






49. A case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment required that government demonstrate a compelling government interest before denying unemployment compensation to someone Who was fired b






50. Public schools may not have clergy lead prayers at graduation ceremonies [est. clause and schools]