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Civil Rights And Civil Liberties Court Cases

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Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their race.






2. In this case - the Court ruled that the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was not unconstitutional.






3. Supreme court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection; marked the end of legal segregation in the US.






4. Case wherein the Supreme Court began to formulate rules designed to make it easier for states to regulate obscene materials and to return to communities a greater role in determining What is obscene.






5. Identified an implied right to privacy in the U.S. Constitution using the 1st - 3rd - 4th - 5th - and 9th amendment. Hint: This case involved birth control and married couples... relate this somehow to the Griswold family vacation movies?






6. Extended 1981 ruling to high schools for use of facilities by religious groups after hours [est. clause and schools]






7. States may provide school vouchers to parents that may use the money to attend religious school. [exception to lemon v. kurtzman]






8. Law must be clearly secular - not prohibiting or inhibiting religion - and there should be no excessive entanglement






9. Names attached to five cases brought under the Civil Rights Act of 1857. In 1883 - the Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private discrimi






10. The Supreme Court used this case to end capital punishment - at least in the short run.






11. You can burn the flag [symbolic speech]






12. Moments of silent prayer at school are unconstitutional---moments of silence are not. [est. clause and schools]






13. Unsuccessful attempt to challenge Georgia's sodomy law. The case was overturned by Lawrence v. Texas.






14. Evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.






15. 'Bad Tendency Doctrine -' speech restricted if it has tendency to lead to illegal actions; selectively incorporated freedom of speech to states






16. Ll nine Justices of the Court voted to strike down anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act (the CDA) - finding they violated the freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment [obscenity]






17. Established exclusionary rule [4th amendment]; Fremont Weeks was suspected of using the mail system to distribute chances in a lottery - which was considered gambling and was illegal in Missouri. State agents entered his home - searched his room - an






18. Incorporation (free exercise)






19. The Fifth Amendment requires that individuals arrested for a crime must be advised of their right to remain silent and to have counsel present.






20. The Court found that a San Francisco law banning cleaners from operating in wooden buildings violated the Fourteenth Amendment in its application






21. If a defendant cannot afford an attorney the state must provide one. Incorporated the 6th amendment.






22. Ruled that the First Amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech - unless it posed a 'clear and present danger'. (overt action required) [Free Speech]






23. Declared that a work is obscene and may be regulated by the gov if work taken as a whole appeals to prurient interests - work portrays sexual conduct in a patently offensive way and work taken as a whole lacks literary - artistic - political or scien






24. Supreme Court ruling that simply publishing a defamatory falsehood is not enough to justify a libel judgment. 'Actual malice' must be proved to support a finding of libel against a public figure.






25. The Court fashioned the direct incitement test for deciding whether certain kinds of speech could be regulated by the government. This test holds that advocacy of illegal action is protected by the First Amendment unless imminent action is intended a






26. The Court concluded that St. Paul - Minnesota's Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance violated the First Amendment because it regulated speech based on the content of the speech.






27. (no burning draft card) [symbolic speech]


28. Due process in suspension or expulsion






29. Case wherein the Court broke with tradition and issued a unanimous decision against the Little Rock School Board - ruling that the district's evasive schemes to avoid the Brown II decision were illegal.






30. Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause






31. Religious organization can obtain federal grants to help solve societal problems [exception to lemon v. kurtzman]






32. Congressional measure banning saying 'unloyal -' things during wartime; violated 1st amendment rights & convicted many [free speech]






33. The Court voted to uphold the constitutionality of the university of Michigan law school's affirmative action policy - which gave preference of minority students.






34. Incorporated the First Amendment's right to freedom of assembly.






35. The Fourteenth Amendment did not impose specific limitations on criminal justice in the states - and that illegally obtained evidence did not necessarily have to be excluded from trials in all cases.






36. Free exercise of religion not violation of compulsory attendance laws; Amish children do not have to go to school until they are 16---they may stop after the 8th grade






37. On this appeal of the 1987 McCleskey case - the Court produced new standards designed to make it much more difficult for death-row inmates to file repeated appeals.






38. Halt to all death penalty punishments in nation until a less arbitrary method of sentencing was found [8th]






39. States not allowed to prevent or punish inflammatory speech unless it will lead to imminent lawless action [free speech]






40. Concluded that the U.S. Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories; this decision narrowed the scope of national power while it enhanced that of the states. Also declared that slaves couldn't sue since they weren't






41. A case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment required that government demonstrate a compelling government interest before denying unemployment compensation to someone Who was fired b






42. Court made it illegal to send or receive images online that are indistinguishable from that of a minor in a sexual act.






43. Established the Supreme Court's rationale for distinguishing between protected and unprotected speech. Fighting words






44. Prior restraint case; the Court ruled that a trial judge could not prohibit the publication or broadcast of information about a murder trial.






45. Students may be searched by school administrators if they have reasonable belief---this is a lower standard than probable cause.






46. The arm band in schools case; First Amendment applied to public schools - and that administrators would have to demonstrate constitutionally valid reasons for any specific regulation of speech in the classroom. [symbolic speech]






47. The Court ruled that an all-male jury did not violate a woman's rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.






48. The confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment does not guarantee defendants an absolute right to come face to face with their accusers.






49. Public schools may not have clergy lead prayers at graduation ceremonies [est. clause and schools]






50. This case was an unsuccessful attempt to challenge Pennsylvania's restrictive abortion regulations.