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Test your basic knowledge |
CLEP Introductory Business Law
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
clep
,
law
,
business-law
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. He can raise any defense against the assignee that she would have been able to raise against the assignor. This is the right to offset the assignee's claim - and thus the assignee cannot be held directly liable to the assignor for the improper action
2. Exempts transactions by any person other than an issuer or underwriter and any transaction that does not involve a public offering.
Burden of proof
Section 4 of the Securities Act
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Equal Pay Act (EPA)
3. Government's 'time - place - and manner' restrictions of content are subject to intermediate scrutiny.
Implied contracts
Federal Rules of Civil Procedures
Vesting of beneficiary's rights
Content-neutral restrictions
4. Prohibits discrimination against certain employees with mental or physical disabilities. It also requires that employers make reasonable accommodations for employees who qualify as disabled under ADA.
Examples of Uniform Laws
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
Rules of construction
5. It is a general rule referring to circumstances in which agreements must be in writing - and by extension when oral agreements will be unenforceable. Basic agreements that are covered by the Statute: 1) A promise by an executor to pay the estate's d
The Statute of Frauds
'Blue sky' laws
Civil liability
Contracts that prohibit assignment
6. Applies to all employers who engage in interstate commerce. It authorizes the Secretary of Labor to create health and safety standards
The Environmental Quality Report
Contracts that prohibit assignment
Employee-at-will
Occupational Safety and Health Act
7. Enables debtors to create a repayment plan for certain debts - while still retaining their assets.
Chapter 13 of the Code
Statute of limitations
Common Law
Sham consideration
8. Once a beneficiary's rights have vested - she has enforceable claim against the promisee because the promisee's act was gratuitous. The beneficiary's rights arise from the contract between the promisor and the promisee
9. Suspect classifications meant classification based on race - religion - national origin - or alienage - or involving a fundamental right. If regulations involves a suspect classification - it will undergo strict scrutiny - which such regulations rare
Statutory Seller
Expectation damages (also known as the 'benefit of the bargain')
Suspect classification
Trust
10. Rule 12(b) of the Federal Rules also allows a defendant to make a motion to dismiss based on (a) a lack of subject matter jurisdiction - (b) lack of person jurisdiction - (c) lack of venue - (d) the lack of venue - (e) the failure to join necessary p
Chapter 13 of the Code
Rule 12b (6) motion
Inadequate warning defect`
Rational basis test
11. Inadequate warning of danger - which can be construed as a design defect
Subject matter jurisdiction
Inadequate warning defect`
Group boycotts
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)
12. When the court finds that one party lacks choice or there are gross inequities in the bargaining positions between the two parties (use of adhesion qualifies) A contract becomes voidable.
Condition precedent
Procedural unconscionability
Joint obligation
The Social Security Administration
13. When the creditor initiates the proceedings.
Chapter 11 of the Code
Involuntary proceeding
Post-trial motions
Gift
14. A government's taking of a foreign citizen's business and assets located in its country - generally without proper compensation.
Expropriation
Substantive unconscionability
Subject matter jurisdiction
Assignee's rights
15. Portions of a registration statement that are not certified by an expert such as financial statements or legal opinions
Production quotas
Nonexpertized portions
Appellee or respondent
Examples of Uniform Laws
16. An error about a fact in existence at the time the contract was make. A contract entered into based on a mistake is voidable
Gratuitous assignment
Restatement (Second) of Contracts
Mistake
Excuse of condition
17. When both parties are mistaken - the mistake concerns a basic assumption on which the contract was made that has material impact on performance - and the party seeking to avoid performance has not assumed the risk of the mistake. Contract is voidable
Supreme Court powers
Mutual mistake
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Direct damages
18. Corporations should be concerned with the impact of their policies on the broad range of stakeholders or constituents that are affected by those policies. This also includes the idea of preserving the environment and corporate charitable giving.
Scienter
Restitution
The Council on Environmental Quality
Corporate social responsibility
19. If a performance has already occurred - or a promise has already been made - then it generally cannot serve as the basis for consideration because it cannot be considered to have induced a bargain. Therefore - 'past consideration' is insufficient.
20. It is when a person transfers a duty. A person who delegates his duty under an agreement is initially called the obligor and after the delegation becomes the delegator. The person who assumes the duty is referred to as the delegate - while the other
Taking a contract 'out of the Statute of Frauds'
Sherman Act
Obligee
Delegation
21. These are approximate damages to show the necessary amount to compensate the party if the breach had not occurred and the contract has been fully performed. Expectation damages are comprise of direct and consequential damages.
22. Regulates exports - including implementing export controls - which restrict the exportation of certain goods based on national security and other concerns.
Export Administration Act (EAA)
Revocation
Misstatement or omission
Civil Law
23. A relationship of dominance pursuant to which one party has strong influence over another because there exists a fiduciary or other relationship of trust - or a party is weakened states - and the dominant party unfairly persuades the other party to e
Undue influence
Tie-in agreement
Res ipsa loquitor
Section 5 of the Securities Act
24. A classification that includes gender and legitimacy. If the regulation involves quasi-suspect classification - then the courts may apply intermediate scrutiny. Thus - the regulation will be valid so long as it is substantially tailored to meet an im
Quasi-suspect classification
Affirmative defenses
'meeting of the minds'
Unjust enrichment
25. An exemption for offers: no limitation on dollars - but less than 35 people (sophisticated) - excluding accredited investors.
Employee-at-will
Administrative law judges
Malpractice
Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act
26. He is someone who is either the person who directly sold securities to the purchaser - or someone who solicited the purchaser for a financial gain or for the seller's interests. Only a statutory seller is strictly liable for such violation of Section
Fraud
Obligee
Section 5 of the Securities Act
Statutory Seller
27. The EPA was established to oversee pollution control efforts. It is charged with working with federal - state - and local official to protect the national environment and provide guidance towards effective policies - and sets standards for environmen
Novation
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
28. Establishes a minimum wage and policies for overtime and prohibits children under 14 from being hired
Control persons
Sherman Act
Equity of redemption
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
29. Prohibits differences in wages based on the gender of men and women who perform substantially same work.
Motion
Equal Pay Act (EPA)
Suspect classification
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
30. The concept that the corporation only owes a duty to their shareholders and their financial concerns. 'Dodge v. Ford motor Company' reflects this concept
Personal jurisdiction
Exchange Act Regulations
Shareholder primacy
Equal protection
31. A pre-trial motion when the pleadings are vague or ambiguous.
Motion for a more definitive statement
Secured transaction
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Remand
32. The agreement to create a security interest
Restitution
Verdict
Security agreement
Goods
33. A beneficiary's rights vest when she (a) manifests her assent to the contract - (b) brings suit to enforce the contract - or (c) materially changes her position justifiable reliance on the contract. Once the beneficiary's rights have vested - the con
34. Exceptions to the writing contract in the Statute of Frauds. This is when: (a) a party admits in a pleading/testimony in court - that a contract was made - the contract is enforceable against the party to the extent of the admission - (b) performance
35. When the offeree pays for the offeror's promise to keep the offer open for a period of time - the offer will become irrevocable during that period (rejection - counteroffer - or death can affect the contract during that time)
Termination of an invitation to make an offer
Mutual assent
Demurrer
Option contract
36. Establishes certain rules for the proper resale - including the requirement that such securities must be held for at least one year - and sold through a broker in a transaction that involves a limited percentage of securities.
Prospectus
Attachment
Assignment of rights
Rule 144 of the Securities Act
37. One party made a mistake - the mistake concerns a basic assumption on which the contract was made that has a material impact on performance - the party seeking to avoid performance has not assumed the risk of the mistake - and equities favor avoidanc
Obligee
Creditor beneficiary
Unilateral mistake
Securities Act Registration
38. When the jury retires to a separate room to decide the outcome of the case.
Scienter
Direct damages
Deliberation
Total breach
39. If the promisor substantially performs under teh contract
10-K
Partial or trivial breach
Strict liability
Federal Information Act
40. Liability imposed on sellers and other for compensating people who have been injured as the result of defective product. Liability actions can be brought as tort or contract claims (breach of warranty).
Product liability
Counterclaims
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Insurance Contributions Act
41. Regulates consumer credit reporting agencies and provides procedure for regulating the proper use and release of credit reports.
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Securities
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Clean Air Act
42. Twelve members of jury that hear the evidence at the trial court. The Judge rules on the evidence and guides the jury on questions of law and proper rules of procedure.
Securities Act
Assignee
Petit jury
Restatement (Second) of Contracts
43. When a party unlawfully indicate that he will not perform when the performance is due.
Anticipatory repudiation
Bilateral contract
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
44. Prohibits abusive and unfair debt collection practices - and imposes penalties on debt collector who engage in such practices
Export Administration Act (EAA)
The Family and Medical Leave Act
Content-neutral restrictions
Fair Debt Collection Act
45. A supervening stature makes a contract illegal - and thereby makes performance impossible
Supervening illegality
Clean Water Act
8-K
Automatic stay
46. Model Business Corporations Act and the Uniform Partnership Act of 1914 - which was superceded by the Uniform Partnership Act of 1984
Monopoly
Horizontal agreement
Obligor's rights
Examples of Uniform Laws
47. Impossibility - impracticability - or frustration of purpose. The event that caused the change in circumstances must be proved to have been unforeseen.
Changed circumstances that allow a party to be excused from performance under the contract
Foreclosure
Option contract
Scienter
48. Misrepresentation that was made with intent
Deontological
Mental incapacity
Chapter 7 of the Code
Fraud
49. (an exception to Title VII) Discrimination is permitted because of the occupation qualifications
Design defect
Beneficiary's rights
Section 12 (a)(1) of the Securities Act
Bona fide occupational qualification
50. The party seeking to appeal the previous court's decision
Appellant
Bureau of Consumer Protection
Manufacturing defect
Strict liability