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CLEP Social Sciences And History

Subjects : clep, humanities, history
Instructions:
  • Answer 41 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Coined the term sociology in 1838 to demarcate the field - its subject matter - and methods.






2. A sample where every member of the population has the same chance of being chose for a study - and selecting as many as are thought necessary to achieve representativeness.






3. One that influences another variable.






4. Proceeds from the concrete observations from which general conclusions are inferred through a process of reasoning.






5. A means to advance human welfare through self-realization - full development of the cultivated personality - improvement of the human social condition.






6. Generated from theory and tested through actual observation.






7. Researcher try to understand either causal or correlational relationships between variables - either independent or dependent variables.






8. Inspired by writings of Emile Durkeim and Herbert Spencer which said the components of a society are interdependent - with each one serving a function necessary for the survival of the system as a whole.






9. Believed that society follows a natural evolutionary path toward something better.






10. Observed England's social patterns during social change in Europe (1802 - 1876).






11. Primarily concerned with acquiring objective empirical knowledge and not with the uses to which such knowledge is put. Concerned with 'what it' and not with 'what should be.'






12. A sample that is relatively accurate in reflecting the population from which it is drawn.






13. Making use of statistical and other mathematical techniques of quantification or measurement in an effort to describe and interpret observations.






14. A group of subjects exposed to a particular condition in a study.






15. One of three approaches to recent sociology studies. Views society as being characterized by conflict and inequality. Questions such factors as race - gender - social class - and age and the unequal distribution of socially valued goods and rewards (






16. Developed by Max Weber as a means of characterizing and interpreting by applying reason to external and inner context of specific social situations - such as the origins of Western capitalism.






17. Sought to explain the origins of capitalism.






18. Advocated grand theory - involving the building of a theory of society based on aspects of the real world to form a society as a stable system of interrelated parts.






19. Auguste Comte's belief that the definitive stage of all knowledge in the search for general ideas or laws. With such knowledge of how society is held together and how society changes - predictions on how people will react can be made - therefore cont






20. Auguste Comte's belief that scientists look toward the supernatural realm of ideas for explanation of what is observed.






21. Studied suicide.






22. A type of sampling where the nth unit in a list is selected for inclusion in the sample. For example - every 50th resident listed in a phone book of a given area.






23. Proceeds from general ideas - knowledge - or understanding of the social world from which specific hypotheses are logically deduced and tested.






24. Initiated from actual observation and built into a general theory.






25. A relationship that exists when a change in one variable coincides with - but does not cause - a change in another variable.






26. A technique of differentiating between factors that may or may not influence the relationship between variable.






27. Concerned with psychology with its emphasis on behavior and mental processes - social life - economic with its emphasis on production - distribution - and consumption of goods - political science with emphasis on political philosophy and forms of gov






28. A group of subjects not exposed to the same condition as an experimental group.






29. Personal observation and description of social life in order to explain behavior - this methods entails the loss of precision but achieves a deeper grasp of the texture of social life.






30. A research method where subjects are interviewed about their opinions - beliefs - behavior - in a series of questions - to aid the researcher in collecting information about general population characteristics or collecting information about some even






31. The quality of mind that seeks to expand the role of freedom - choice - and conscious decision in history by means of knowledge. Personal troubles often reflect broader social issues and problems.






32. The theoretical giant of communist thought whose prophecies are still hotly debated.






33. Proposed building middle range theories from a limited number of assumptions for which hypotheses are derived. Also distinguished between manifest or intended - latent unintended - consequences of existing elements of social structure that are either






34. Auguste Comte's belief that scientists look to the real world for an explanation of what is observed.






35. Perspectives of symbolic interaction - dramaturgy - and ethnomethodology.






36. When a change in one variable causes or forces a change in another variable.






37. A variable that is being influenced by another variable.






38. One who focuses on a number of different levels of analysis in understanding social life - social interaction within groups - social structure.






39. Believed that a certain quality of mind is required in order to understand ourselves in relation to society.






40. A type of sampling that uses the differences that already exist in a population as the basis for selecting a sample i.e. - male/female. The researcher can then determine the percentage of each group - then randomly select a number of persons to be st






41. The science or discipline that studies societies - social groups - and the relationships between people.