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Comptia Security +: Cryptography

Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A cryptographic checksum used to provide integrity in symmetric key cryptography






2. Pads messages to a length of 512 bits - then compresses to generate a 128 bit hash value






3. Password storage hash for Windows XP - separates password into two 7 character parts and converts to upper case






4. Provides integrity - authentication - and non-repudiation by encrypting a message digest with a private key






5. Sender/receiver share the same key - fast - provides confidentiality - key management issue






6. A special mathematical function that peforms one way encryption - popular algorithms are SHA and MD - used to verify message/file integrity and passwords






7. Unencrypted text - also called cleartext






8. Common tunneling protocol integrated in Windows - works well with NAT - maybe blocked at firewall






9. Most widely used tunneling protocol - over port 1723 - data carried in an IP tunnel over Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)






10. Tunneling protocol that merges PPTP with L2F - using port 1701 - is used over UDP - can be combined with IPSec for 5 layered encapsulation






11. Password storage hash for Windows systems after XP - uses MD4 and full unicode character set






12. PPTP - L2TP - IPSec - and SSH






13. Encryption standard broken in 1998 - has a relatively short key length






14. Used by WPA - uses RC4 with IV - blocks replay attacks with packet sequence counter - replaced by WPA2






15. Data encryption standard derived from IBM Lucifer algorithm - 56-bit key - 64-bit block - uses the Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA)






16. Based on two keys - public and private - one-way function: a key cannot decrypt what it encrypts - provides confidentiality - authentication - integrity - and nonrepudiation - Discovered by Diffie and Hellman - also known as public key






17. Uses symmetric key for integrity and confidentiality (bulk transaction) and asymmetric key for authentication - nonrepudiation - and key exchange






18. DES - 3DES - AES - Twofish - Blowfish - IDEA - Skipjack - RC2 -RC4 - RC5 - RC6






19. Developed to replace DES based on Rijndael variable block cipher - has a fixed block length and key lengths: 128 - 192 - or 256 bits






20. The cipher considered unbreakable in practice - uses XOR - also called the Vernam cipher






21. For encrypting web communications - uses Cryptographic Messaging Syntax (CMS) to protect individual message and response






22. A cryptographic protocol that provides security for communications over networks such as the Internet - more secure that SSL






23. Process of transforming ciphertext into plaintext (decipherment)






24. Encrypting all data on a disk using common algorithms (AES) - requires a key (passpharse - USB key) in memory to decrypt disk






25. Enciphers fixed-size blocks of bits using substitution and permutation






26. Asymmetric cryptography - hashes - and digital signatures provide __________






27. SHA-1 - MD2/ MD4 - MD5 - Fasthash - Triple DES-MAC - Tiger - and RIPEMD-160






28. Cipher block chaining (CBC) - cipher feedback (CFB) - electronic code book (ECB) and output feedback (OFB)






29. A cryptographic communications protocol at the transport layer that provides public key encryption (RSA or Diffie-Helman) - data encryption (IDEA - DES - 3DES) - server authentication - message integrity (MD5 or SHA-1) - and client authentication.






30. Provides digests in different lengths including 224 - 256 - 384 - and 512






31. Allow client/server applcation to communicate in a secure manner across a network - TLS stands for






32. Impossible to find a message - given only message digest - impossible to find 2 messages that produce the same message digest






33. RSA - Diffie and Hellman - Elliptic Curve (EC) - DSS (Digital Signature Standard) - El Gamal - Merkel-Hellman






34. A protocol suite for securing network connections using IKE - AH - and ESP






35. Cryptographic algorithm that operates on plaintext - one bit at a time - and enciphers with a random generated "key stream" using substitution






36. Most efficient algorithm - used for smart cards and cell phones - provides digital signatures - secure key exchange - and encryption






37. PGP and SSH






38. Digital signature standard that uses 2 algorithms: RSA and DSA (based on El Gamal) - both use the Secure Hash Standard (SHA-1)






39. Mechanism for message authentication that uses one of two algorithms (SHA-1 or MDF5) in combination with a shared secret key - also known as keyed hashing






40. Based on use of one private/secret key - does NOT provide authentication or nonrepudiation - uses MAC






41. HMAC stands for...






42. Sequence of bits used in encryption and decryption - also known as cryptovariable






43. Technique of encapsulating one packet of data within another type to create a secure link of transportation






44. Has a transport and tunnel mode - tunnel mode is used to create VPN connections






45. Method of encryption and decryption






46. Encrypted text - also called cryptogram






47. Symmetric cryptography - asymmetric cryptography - and hashes provide __________






48. PKI standard






49. An algorithm developed to secure wireless - improperly implemented RC4 - only had a 40 bit key






50. Security enhancement for MIME - provides signed (SHA-1) and encrypted (RSA and Diffe-Helman) email messasges







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