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CSET Physical Science 3

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A wave's height - the distance between its resting position and its crest






2. Glass has a higher ___________ than air and the different frequencies of light have different wavelengths (dispersion) - causing them to be refracted at different angles - so that you can see them - The different frequencies correspond to different c






3. A temperature interval of one degree F is an interval of 5/9 of a degree C - The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales coincide at -40






4. The north pole of one magnet attracts the ___________ of another - but like poles repel each other - Either pole can attract unmagnetized iron objects






5. If the pressure increases - the volume decreases; the reverse is true as well

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6. In each element's square - the ________ is in the middle - the atomic weight is usually directly below the symbol - the atomic number is usually shown at the top of the square






7. The beginning of scientific wisdom - The physicist's first reaction to a new idea is to ask: Can it be measured? Can I describe it with numbers?






8. In optics - refraction occurs when light waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another index Example: A ray of light will refract as it enters and leaves glass - assuming there is a change in the refractive index.






9. A mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force - The simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage to multiply force - Uses a single applied force to do work against a single load force






10. This is the variable that changes as a result of the manipulated variable. The dependent variable is observed and measured. Examples include determining how long various saltwater solutions take to freeze - and determining the number of cycles a pend






11. The rate of change of position with time v = ?d/?t (velocity = change of distance/change of time)






12. Releases energy when a heavy nucleus splits into smaller fragments - Used in power plants and atomic bombs






13. Obtained by two different means - fission and fusion






14. Made up of molecules with the composition H20 - One _____ molecule is built from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen






15. A gas - discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor - The excited mercury atoms produce short - wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce - producing visible light






16. Other indicators of the ________ of an acid are that when acids react with metals - hydrogen gas is released causing bases to feel soapy when touched






17. A rigid object that is used with an appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied to another object - Examples: wheelbarrow (the wheel works as the fulcrum) - scissors (the fulcrum is where the blades cross)






18. Top: Output force (resistance) Middle: Input force (effort) End: Fulcrum Examples: baseball bat - fishing pole - shovel






19. Composed of only one atom and cannot be separated into different substances except in some instances by radioactive decay or by nuclear reactions






20. Opposite process of nuclear fission - Yields energy when very light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus - Stars (including the sun) derive their energy from nuclear fusion






21. A grooved wheel with a rope or other item wrapped around it - used to change the direction of an applied force - change the amount of force - transmit rotational motion - or realize a mechanical advantage in either a linear or a rotational system of






22. Elements with similar properties fall into the same vertical columns on the preriodic table to form _____ - Properties of elements change greatly across any one row (period)






23. Mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is the ______________ it spans - The inclined plane allows the same work to be done with a smaller force exerted over a greater distance Example: ramp






24. When foreign substances are dissolved in water it creates a solution - Solutions with a pH of less than 7.0 are said to be acidic - and solutions with a pH greater than 7.0 are said to be basic or alkaline






25. Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition from a solid to gas phase without becoming a liquid Example: a block of dry ice (CO2) - which will turn into a gas at room temperature






26. For a homogeneous object - density is determined by dividing the mass by the volume (D = M/V) The mass is normally measured with an appropriate scale or balance - The volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the displac






27. Displayed by permanent magnets and around electric currents






28. Transferring of heat by emission and dissemination of waves or particles - Generated when heat from the movement of charged particles within atoms is converted to electromagnetic radiation - Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an ob






29. Heat tends to move from a high - temperature region to a low- temperature region - This heat transfer may occur by the mechanisms of conduction - radiation - and convection






30. A change of one substance into a different substance - Occurs whenever compounds are formed or decomposed - During this reaction - there is a rearrangement of atoms that makes or breaks chemical bonds - This change is usually not reversible - unlike






31. The mechanical advantage of a wedge is given by the ______________________ - Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster - it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle






32. Multiply force but do not change the direction of the input force End: Fulcrum Middle: Output force Other end: Input force Examples: wheelbarrows - baby strollers - bottle openers






33. A compressed gas pushes out __________ in all directions






34. Symbol: He Protons: 2 Neutrons: 2 Mass: 4






35. The number of waves produced in a given time






36. The ability to perform work - _______ transformations result when a change of form takes place - All forms of ________ can be converted into other forms






37. This is the one factor that will be intentionally changed during the experiment. Examples include changing the amount of salt that is added to water to determine its freezing point; introducing different soil types in germinating seeds; and changing






38. Elements are assigned atomic numbers equal to the __________ in the nucleus of their atoms - Each element has a different number of protons






39. Also generates a magnetic field - demonstrating an intimate connection between electricity and magnetism






40. Symbol: O Protons: 8 Neutrons: 8 Mass: 16






41. List the specific materials to be used in the experiment - This allows for replication of the experiment






42. Lever - Pulley - Inclined plane - Screw - Wedge - Wheel and axle






43. The resulting piece of paper or solution with water becomes a ________ (one of the oldest) - used to test materials for acidity






44. Metals account for the vast majority of the elements in the periodic table - Show a wide range of chemical and physical properties - Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity - and some - like iron and cobalt - are magnetic - Many metal






45. Hard matter is ______ with soft matter






46. The terms gravitation and gravity are mostly interchangeable in everyday use - refers specifically to the gravitational force exerted by the earth on objects in its vicinity






47. Energy generated from natural sources (such as sunlight - wind - rain - tides - and geothermal heat) which are renewable (naturally replenished)






48. A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution - The ____ scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement - these measurements are important for medicine - biology -






49. Involve one substance changing states (not one substance changing into another) - Typically reversible Example: water - Can change from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid (water) to a solid (ice) - but the water molecules do not change






50. Electricity flows easily through materials that conduct electricity - Include metals such as aluminum (Al) - iron (Fe) - nickel (Ni) - silver (Ag) - and gold (Au)







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