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CSET Physical Science 3

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The terms gravitation and gravity are mostly interchangeable in everyday use - refers specifically to the gravitational force exerted by the earth on objects in its vicinity






2. The amount of matter in a chemical substance - In everyday usage - is commonly confused with weight






3. After a rainstorm - the air is full of tiny drops of water - Each drop acts as a prism - splitting the light into the colors of the spectrum






4. The sum of the protons and neutrons gives an ______________ for the element






5. Atoms are made up of several tiny parts - At the center of an atom is a core called the __________ - which is made up of particles called protons and neutrons






6. A mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force - The simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage to multiply force - Uses a single applied force to do work against a single load force






7. A compound and portable inclined plane - A triangular - shaped tool used to separate two objects or portions of an object - lift an object - or hold an object in place - It functions by converting a force applied to its blunt end into forces perpendi






8. Characterized by their ability to retain their shape - Relatively incompressible - Melt when heated and vaporize only slightly - All substances become solid if cooled sufficiently Examples: rocks - crystals - wood - feather - ice






9. Top: Output force (resistance) Middle: Input force (effort) End: Fulcrum Examples: baseball bat - fishing pole - shovel






10. Example of chemical change - Iron chemically reacts with air and water to form rust (ferrous oxide) and is unable to change back to iron






11. As temperature increases (at a fixed pressure) - so does volume Examples: air - helium - steam

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12. As of 2006 - the table contains _____ chemical elements whose discoveries have been confirmed - 94 are naturally found on the earth - and the rest are synthetic elements that have been produced artificially in particle accelerators






13. If the pressure increases - the volume decreases; the reverse is true as well

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14. A water - soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens - It is often absorbed onto filter paper






15. Can multiply force or distance depending on the location of the fulcrum End: Output force Middle: Fulcrum Other end: Input force Examples: seesaws - scissors - pliers






16. Form a question (state the problem) - A scientific question is one that can be answered on the basis of evidence and that can be measured - The question often asks - 'What effect will something have






17. Results when electrical charges buildup or increase on the surface of a material - here - there is no current flowing as would be found in electrical outlets - When certain materials are rubbed together - electrons can move from one object to the oth






18. A constant change in the location of a body - Described by stating an object's position - velocity and acceleration






19. A conclusion is a summary and an explanation of the results of an experiment - Does the data support the hypothesis? If not - a new hypothesis can be formed






20. Elements are assigned atomic numbers equal to the __________ in the nucleus of their atoms - Each element has a different number of protons






21. The beginning of scientific wisdom - The physicist's first reaction to a new idea is to ask: Can it be measured? Can I describe it with numbers?






22. The rate of change of position with time v = ?d/?t (velocity = change of distance/change of time)






23. Made up of molecules with the composition H20 - One _____ molecule is built from two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen






24. Makes it possible for some elements and compounds to transition from a solid to gas phase without becoming a liquid Example: a block of dry ice (CO2) - which will turn into a gas at room temperature






25. Energy taken from finite resources that will eventually dwindle - becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve - Fossil fuels include coal - petroleum - and natural gas - Fossil fuels are limited and nonrenewable and contribute






26. Kinetic energy: energy possessed by a moving object - An object in an unstable position has potential energy - for the position could be converted into movement Example: a baseball thrown vertically upward






27. Collect Data (results) - Analyze the data to look for patterns or trends - Record measurements and observations during the experiment - Present data in a graph - table - or another form






28. Mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is the ______________ it spans - The inclined plane allows the same work to be done with a smaller force exerted over a greater distance Example: ramp






29. A compound composed of one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine (NaCl - sodium chloride)






30. Formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Example: water






31. The resulting piece of paper or solution with water becomes a ________ (one of the oldest) - used to test materials for acidity






32. A source of electric light that works by incandescence - An electric current passes through a thin filament - heating it until it produces light - The enclosing glass bulb prevents the oxygen in the air from reaching the hot filament - which otherwis






33. Solids - liquids - and gases






34. Refers to various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied






35. Made by combining two or more different materials without a chemical reaction occurring (the objects do not bond together) - They are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances - Either homogeneous or heterogeneous






36. Relies on the the first law - The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied (the more force - the more acceleration)

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37. Transferring of heat by emission and dissemination of waves or particles - Generated when heat from the movement of charged particles within atoms is converted to electromagnetic radiation - Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the surface of an ob






38. The branches of natural sciences that study the nature and properties of energy and non - living matter






39. Electricity flows easily through materials that conduct electricity - Include metals such as aluminum (Al) - iron (Fe) - nickel (Ni) - silver (Ag) - and gold (Au)






40. Involve one substance changing states (not one substance changing into another) - Typically reversible Example: water - Can change from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid (water) to a solid (ice) - but the water molecules do not change






41. Resistance to fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to friction from a sharp object






42. The mechanical advantage of a wedge is given by the ______________________ - Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster - it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle






43. Major greenhouse gases






44. A wave's height - the distance between its resting position and its crest






45. Displayed by permanent magnets and around electric currents






46. The number of protons of that element - No two elements have the same atomic number - Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing atomic number






47. Temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) - who proposed it in 1724 - On this scale - the freezing point of water is 32






48. Resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation due to a constant load from a sharp object






49. Metals account for the vast majority of the elements in the periodic table - Show a wide range of chemical and physical properties - Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity - and some - like iron and cobalt - are magnetic - Many metal






50. Obtained by two different means - fission and fusion