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CSET Physical Science 3

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Characterized by their ability to retain their shape - Relatively incompressible - Melt when heated and vaporize only slightly - All substances become solid if cooled sufficiently Examples: rocks - crystals - wood - feather - ice






2. The shortest wavelength; red is the longest






3. Seems to travel in perfectly straight lines as rays - The direction of a ray changes at the interface between two transparent materials - like air and water






4. Made by combining two or more different materials without a chemical reaction occurring (the objects do not bond together) - They are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances - Either homogeneous or heterogeneous






5. Resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation due to a constant load from a sharp object






6. Temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) - who proposed it in 1724 - On this scale - the freezing point of water is 32






7. Atoms are made up of several tiny parts - At the center of an atom is a core called the __________ - which is made up of particles called protons and neutrons






8. Other indicators of the ________ of an acid are that when acids react with metals - hydrogen gas is released causing bases to feel soapy when touched






9. The particular state of water is determined by ___________ - the behavior of water at one atmosphere (sea level) - freezing at 0






10. A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution - The ____ scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement - these measurements are important for medicine - biology -






11. A form of energy that can be used to produce sound - light - heat - and power - it exists where the number of negative electrons does not precisely equal the number of positive protons - Electrons are held in the atom by an electrical force and have






12. Composed of only one atom and cannot be separated into different substances except in some instances by radioactive decay or by nuclear reactions






13. Multiply force but do not change the direction of the input force End: Fulcrum Middle: Output force Other end: Input force Examples: wheelbarrows - baby strollers - bottle openers






14. Turns red under acidic conditions - and turns blue under basic (i.e. - alkaline) conditions






15. Symbol: C Protons: 6 Neutrons: 6 Mass: 12






16. The resulting piece of paper or solution with water becomes a ________ (one of the oldest) - used to test materials for acidity






17. A gas - discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor - The excited mercury atoms produce short - wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce - producing visible light






18. Opposite process of nuclear fission - Yields energy when very light nuclei unite to a heavier nucleus - Stars (including the sun) derive their energy from nuclear fusion






19. An electric current also generates a magnetic field - demonstrating an intimate connection between electricity and magnetism - Recent work has united these phenomena - as well as light - into electromagnetic radiation






20. Protons have a __________ electrical charge - and neutrons have no charge






21. Obtained by two different means - fission and fusion






22. A water - soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens - It is often absorbed onto filter paper






23. Transition of heat through a medium - From a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature - Heat energy is transferred from one material to another by direct contact - Metals are good conductors of heat






24. Account for 17 elements in the periodic table - Lack the properties of metals but are very common - Include oxygen - nitrogen - and carbon - 7 metalloid elements - and 7 gases - Poor conductors of electricity






25. In optics - refraction occurs when light waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another index Example: A ray of light will refract as it enters and leaves glass - assuming there is a change in the refractive index.






26. Solids - liquids - and gases






27. When the electrons flow in one direction - the flowing electricity is referred to as current - An electric current is simply a flow of electrons through a wire






28. Elements with similar properties fall into the same vertical columns on the preriodic table to form _____ - Properties of elements change greatly across any one row (period)






29. A temperature interval of one degree F is an interval of 5/9 of a degree C - The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales coincide at -40






30. The top of a wave's 'hill'






31. Metals account for the vast majority of the elements in the periodic table - Show a wide range of chemical and physical properties - Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity - and some - like iron and cobalt - are magnetic - Many metal






32. Hard matter is ______ with soft matter






33. Major greenhouse gases






34. Anything that has mass and occupies space - Everything you see and touch is composed of matter






35. Mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is the ______________ it spans - The inclined plane allows the same work to be done with a smaller force exerted over a greater distance Example: ramp






36. Heat can be converted to motion - and motion can produce heat






37. Energy generated from natural sources (such as sunlight - wind - rain - tides - and geothermal heat) which are renewable (naturally replenished)






38. A compressed gas pushes out __________ in all directions






39. Involve one substance changing states (not one substance changing into another) - Typically reversible Example: water - Can change from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid (water) to a solid (ice) - but the water molecules do not change






40. A hypothesis is an attempt to answer the question or predict the outcome - - A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of observations






41. Releases energy when a heavy nucleus splits into smaller fragments - Used in power plants and atomic bombs






42. After a rainstorm - the air is full of tiny drops of water - Each drop acts as a prism - splitting the light into the colors of the spectrum






43. For every action (applied force) - there is an equal and opposite reaction

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44. Are inclined planes - Can convert a rotational force (torque) to a linear force - and vice versa - The ratio of threading determines the mechanical advantage of the machine - More threading increases the mechanical advantage






45. Kinetic energy: energy possessed by a moving object - An object in an unstable position has potential energy - for the position could be converted into movement Example: a baseball thrown vertically upward






46. Top: Output force (resistance) Middle: Input force (effort) End: Fulcrum Examples: baseball bat - fishing pole - shovel






47. A flat surface whose endpoints are at different heights - resulting in a slope - By moving an object up an ___________ rather than completely vertically - the amount of force required is reduced - at the expense of increasing the distance the object






48. Heat tends to move from a high - temperature region to a low- temperature region - This heat transfer may occur by the mechanisms of conduction - radiation - and convection






49. Symbol: H Protons: 1 Neutrons: 0 Mass: 1






50. A mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force - The simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage to multiply force - Uses a single applied force to do work against a single load force