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CSET Physical Science 3

Subjects : cset, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made by combining two or more different materials without a chemical reaction occurring (the objects do not bond together) - They are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances - Either homogeneous or heterogeneous






2. Characterized by their ability to retain their shape - Relatively incompressible - Melt when heated and vaporize only slightly - All substances become solid if cooled sufficiently Examples: rocks - crystals - wood - feather - ice






3. A source of electric light that works by incandescence - An electric current passes through a thin filament - heating it until it produces light - The enclosing glass bulb prevents the oxygen in the air from reaching the hot filament - which otherwis






4. A hypothesis is an attempt to answer the question or predict the outcome - - A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of observations






5. A gas - discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor - The excited mercury atoms produce short - wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce - producing visible light






6. Temperature scale named after the German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) - who proposed it in 1724 - On this scale - the freezing point of water is 32






7. Refers to various properties of matter in the solid phase that give it a high resistance to its shape changing when force is applied






8. In everyday situations - the weight of an object is ____________ - which usually makes it acceptable to use the same word for both concepts






9. Are inclined planes - Can convert a rotational force (torque) to a linear force - and vice versa - The ratio of threading determines the mechanical advantage of the machine - More threading increases the mechanical advantage






10. Unlike incandescent lamps - fluorescent lamps always require a ______ to regulate the flow of power through the lamp






11. In optics - refraction occurs when light waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another index Example: A ray of light will refract as it enters and leaves glass - assuming there is a change in the refractive index.






12. The characteristics that makes up the physical composition of a substance - Include color - form - electrical conductivity - and density






13. Occurs when light travels only in straight lines - An object is visible because light is reflected from the object into our eyes






14. As temperature increases (at a fixed pressure) - so does volume Examples: air - helium - steam

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15. The law of inertia - Without outside forces (such as gravity or friction) - an object at rest will remain at rest - while an object in motion will never stop or deviate from its course

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16. Multiply force but do not change the direction of the input force End: Fulcrum Middle: Output force Other end: Input force Examples: wheelbarrows - baby strollers - bottle openers






17. Atoms are made up of several tiny parts - At the center of an atom is a core called the __________ - which is made up of particles called protons and neutrons






18. The pitch of a sound depends on how fast the particles of a medium vibrate






19. Resistance to plastic (permanent) deformation due to a constant load from a sharp object






20. Also generates a magnetic field - demonstrating an intimate connection between electricity and magnetism






21. These are the factors that are kept exactly the same in an experiment. In an experiment on plant growth - the variables could include amount of sunlight - type of soil - amount of water - and type of plant. Only one factor at a time is changed - whil






22. Symbol: He Protons: 2 Neutrons: 2 Mass: 4






23. The ratio of the output to the input force - Also called leverage - Results in less force applied over a greater distance - Helps to make work easier






24. Turns red under acidic conditions - and turns blue under basic (i.e. - alkaline) conditions






25. The mechanical advantage of a wedge is given by the ______________________ - Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster - it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle






26. Example of chemical change - Iron chemically reacts with air and water to form rust (ferrous oxide) and is unable to change back to iron






27. For smooth surfaces - the angle at which light is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected






28. The liquid state is __________ between the solid and gaseous states with regard to molecular motion and attractive forces between molecules Examples: water - oil - milk - honey






29. The branches of natural sciences that study the nature and properties of energy and non - living matter






30. Height of the bounce of an object dropped o the material - related to elasticity






31. Expand to fill any available space - a compressible fluid - with its volume determined by the pressure and temperature of the environment






32. As of 2006 - the table contains _____ chemical elements whose discoveries have been confirmed - 94 are naturally found on the earth - and the rest are synthetic elements that have been produced artificially in particle accelerators






33. In physics and engineering - it means the strength of the gravitational pull on the object (how heavy it is - measured in newtons)






34. However - a fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more __________ than an incandescent lamp; lower energy costs offset the higher initial cost of the lamp






35. A wave's height - the distance between its resting position and its crest






36. Take on the shape of their containers - yet cannot be compressed to any significant extent - The volume is constant unless evaporation is occurring






37. This is the variable that changes as a result of the manipulated variable. The dependent variable is observed and measured. Examples include determining how long various saltwater solutions take to freeze - and determining the number of cycles a pend






38. Seems to travel in perfectly straight lines as rays - The direction of a ray changes at the interface between two transparent materials - like air and water






39. A temperature interval of one degree F is an interval of 5/9 of a degree C - The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales coincide at -40






40. Solids - liquids - and gases






41. The rate of change of position with time v = ?d/?t (velocity = change of distance/change of time)






42. Metals account for the vast majority of the elements in the periodic table - Show a wide range of chemical and physical properties - Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity - and some - like iron and cobalt - are magnetic - Many metal






43. A measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution - The ____ scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement - these measurements are important for medicine - biology -






44. The resulting piece of paper or solution with water becomes a ________ (one of the oldest) - used to test materials for acidity






45. Hard matter is ______ with soft matter






46. Show the number of molecules or formula units of the reactants and products - Example: nitrous oxide is a colorless - odorless gas that causes mild hysteria when inhaled - hence the name laughing gas; it is prepared by heating ammonium nitrate crysta






47. The amount of matter in a chemical substance - In everyday usage - is commonly confused with weight






48. Relies on the the first law - The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied (the more force - the more acceleration)

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49. The beginning of scientific wisdom - The physicist's first reaction to a new idea is to ask: Can it be measured? Can I describe it with numbers?






50. Designed to separate substances in a liquid through vaporization - Usually carried out in an apparatus called a still - which requires a boiler - a condenser - and a receiver Example: Purify ocean water