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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Normative
John Rawls
Ockham
Original position
2. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Metaethics.
Applied
Plato.
Categorical and hypothetical
3. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Ockham
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Veil of ignorance
4. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Epictetus
Kant
Forfeiture
5. Examples of categorical imperatives
Metaethics.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
6. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Categorical and hypothetical
William of Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
7. Prominent stoic philosopher
Categorical and hypothetical
Stoicism
Thomas Aquinas
Epictetus
8. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Samuel Clarke
Hypothetical
Relativism and Objectivism.
9. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Kant
Augustine of Hippo
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Relativism.
10. Kant created what imperatives
Original position
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Forfeiture
11. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Normative
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Sextus Empericus
Relativism and Objectivism.
12. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Cultural relativism
Hypothetical
Ockham
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
13. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Plato.
Thomas Aquinas
Kant
Kant
14. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Thomas Aquinas
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
15. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Metaethics.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Samuel Clarke
Good will - respect for every person as a human
16. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Normative
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Hypothetical
17. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Relativism.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
18. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Normative
Ockham
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
William of Ockham
19. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Normative
Individual relativism
20. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Kant
Relativism.
William of Ockham
Plato.
21. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical and hypothetical
Kant
22. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Cultural relativism
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
23. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Metaethics.
Normative
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Sextus Empericus
24. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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25. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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26. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Relativism and Objectivism.
Categorical
John Rawls
Cultural relativism
27. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Categorical
Hypothetical
Applied
Categorical and hypothetical
28. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Categorical
Individual relativism
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
29. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Metaethics.
Normative
Samuel Clarke
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
30. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
John Rawls
William of Ockham
Epictetus
Ockham
31. Three cultural relativists:
Augustine of Hippo
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Metaethics.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
32. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Thomas Aquinas
Categorical
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Reason
33. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Kant
Veil of ignorance
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Categorical
34. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Epictetus
Kant
John Rawls
Samuel Clarke
35. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Forfeiture
Hypothetical
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Veil of ignorance
36. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Relativism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Augustine of Hippo
37. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Individual relativism
Relativism. And this-worldly.
38. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Augustine of Hippo
Individual relativism
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
39. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Hypothetical
Stoicism
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Categorical