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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Three cultural relativists:
Thomas Aquinas
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Forfeiture
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
2. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
3. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Forfeiture
Thomas Aquinas
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
William of Ockham
4. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Categorical
Sextus Empericus
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
5. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Relativism and Objectivism.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Samuel Clarke
Hypothetical
6. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Plato.
Samuel Clarke
7. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Relativism.
Stoicism
Reason
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
8. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Samuel Clarke
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Plato.
9. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Forfeiture
Reason
John Rawls
10. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Metaethics.
Stoicism
Cultural relativism
11. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Plato.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
Kant
12. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Reason
Forfeiture
Kant
Relativism. And this-worldly.
13. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism.
Categorical
Sextus Empericus
14. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Reason
Veil of ignorance
15. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
William of Ockham
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Relativism.
16. Prominent stoic philosopher
Forfeiture
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Epictetus
17. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Kant
Relativism and Objectivism.
Augustine of Hippo
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
18. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Reason
John Rawls
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Cultural relativism
19. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Samuel Clarke
Metaethics.
Original position
Relativism. And this-worldly.
20. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Epictetus
Normative
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Individual relativism
21. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Cultural relativism
Kant
Stoicism
22. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Applied
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Augustine of Hippo
Kant
23. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Kant
John Rawls
Individual relativism
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
24. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Stoicism
Categorical
25. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Epictetus
Categorical and hypothetical
Sextus Empericus
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
26. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Ockham
27. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Plato.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
28. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
29. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Metaethics.
30. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Metaethics.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Forfeiture
31. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
32. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Stoicism
Reason
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
33. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Augustine of Hippo
Normative
Kant
Sextus Empericus
34. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Thomas Aquinas
Relativism and Objectivism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
35. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Veil of ignorance
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Reason
36. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Thomas Aquinas
Applied
Kant
37. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism and Objectivism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Plato.
38. Examples of categorical imperatives
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Metaethics.
Categorical and hypothetical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
39. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Cultural relativism
Relativism and Objectivism.
John Rawls
Relativism.