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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Augustine of Hippo
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
2. Prominent stoic philosopher
Samuel Clarke
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Epictetus
3. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Forfeiture
Applied
Samuel Clarke
Good will - respect for every person as a human
4. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Veil of ignorance
5. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Metaethics.
Individual relativism
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
6. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Applied
Plato.
Samuel Clarke
7. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Plato.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Stoicism
8. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Original position
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Sextus Empericus
Stoicism
9. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Veil of ignorance
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Stoicism
10. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Reason
William of Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Normative
11. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Relativism.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Ockham
Relativism. And this-worldly.
12. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Plato.
Relativism.
Cultural relativism
Augustine of Hippo
13. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Original position
Samuel Clarke
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
14. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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15. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Augustine of Hippo
John Rawls
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
16. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Normative
Reason
Thomas Aquinas
Sextus Empericus
17. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Categorical
Relativism and Objectivism.
Cultural relativism
Thomas Aquinas
18. Three cultural relativists:
Metaethics.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Categorical and hypothetical
19. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Hypothetical
Kant
Kant
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
20. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
William of Ockham
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Kant
Normative
21. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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22. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Kant
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Applied
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
23. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Categorical
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Relativism.
Samuel Clarke
24. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Stoicism
Relativism.
Kant
25. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Relativism.
Forfeiture
Kant
26. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Sextus Empericus
Stoicism
Hypothetical
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
27. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Metaethics.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Original position
Categorical
28. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Relativism.
Individual relativism
John Rawls
29. Examples of categorical imperatives
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Sextus Empericus
Kant
30. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
William of Ockham
Sextus Empericus
Ockham
Relativism and Objectivism.
31. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Cultural relativism
32. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
John Rawls
Relativism and Objectivism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
33. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Sextus Empericus
William of Ockham
34. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Veil of ignorance
Sextus Empericus
Reason
Hypothetical
35. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Kant
Plato.
36. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Augustine of Hippo
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
37. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Applied
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Forfeiture
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
38. Kant created what imperatives
William of Ockham
Plato.
Categorical and hypothetical
Cultural relativism
39. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Individual relativism
Metaethics.
Categorical and hypothetical