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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
Reason
2. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Kant
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Cultural relativism
Hypothetical
3. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Ockham
Applied
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
4. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Categorical and hypothetical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Sextus Empericus
Ockham
5. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Hypothetical
Relativism.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
6. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Epictetus
Reason
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
7. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Plato.
Hypothetical
Veil of ignorance
8. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Epictetus
Relativism and Objectivism.
Samuel Clarke
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
9. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
10. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Thomas Aquinas
Kant
Veil of ignorance
11. Three cultural relativists:
Veil of ignorance
Samuel Clarke
Epictetus
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
12. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
William of Ockham
Relativism and Objectivism.
Stoicism
Thomas Aquinas
13. Prominent stoic philosopher
Relativism and Objectivism.
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
Epictetus
14. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Applied
Relativism and Objectivism.
15. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Stoicism
Cultural relativism
Forfeiture
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
16. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Applied
Individual relativism
Cultural relativism
Hypothetical
17. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Reason
Original position
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
18. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Thomas Aquinas
Augustine of Hippo
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
19. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Hypothetical
Normative
Stoicism
20. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Ockham
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
21. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Individual relativism
Thomas Aquinas
Sextus Empericus
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
22. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Sextus Empericus
Original position
Relativism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
23. Kant created what imperatives
Relativism. And this-worldly.
William of Ockham
Metaethics.
Categorical and hypothetical
24. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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25. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
William of Ockham
Normative
Categorical and hypothetical
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
26. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Categorical
John Rawls
Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
27. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Stoicism
Kant
Ockham
28. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Categorical and hypothetical
Forfeiture
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Kant
29. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Thomas Aquinas
Normative
30. Examples of categorical imperatives
Ockham
Hypothetical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Normative
31. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
William of Ockham
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
32. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Original position
Forfeiture
Hypothetical
Cultural relativism
33. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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34. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Original position
Metaethics.
Kant
John Rawls
35. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Kant
Veil of ignorance
36. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Plato.
Thomas Aquinas
Normative
Categorical and hypothetical
37. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Forfeiture
John Rawls
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Relativism.
38. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Augustine of Hippo
Original position
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Kant
39. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Cultural relativism
Plato.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.