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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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2. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Samuel Clarke
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Applied
3. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Veil of ignorance
Normative
Applied
4. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Relativism and Objectivism.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Plato.
5. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Original position
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Reason
6. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Cultural relativism
Thomas Aquinas
Kant
Hypothetical
7. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Veil of ignorance
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Sextus Empericus
Samuel Clarke
8. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
William of Ockham
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Veil of ignorance
9. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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10. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Veil of ignorance
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Ockham
Hypothetical
11. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Categorical and hypothetical
Reason
Relativism.
William of Ockham
12. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Thomas Aquinas
Categorical
Normative
Relativism.
13. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Cultural relativism
John Rawls
William of Ockham
Individual relativism
14. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Original position
15. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Thomas Aquinas
Ockham
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
16. Prominent stoic philosopher
Ockham
Epictetus
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
17. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism
Kant
18. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Categorical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
19. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Kant
Categorical
20. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Relativism and Objectivism.
William of Ockham
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Metaethics.
21. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
22. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Categorical
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Original position
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
23. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Cultural relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Epictetus
24. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Samuel Clarke
Veil of ignorance
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Forfeiture
25. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Normative
Augustine of Hippo
26. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Stoicism
Applied
Cultural relativism
Veil of ignorance
27. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Normative
Ockham
Plato.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
28. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Hypothetical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism.
29. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Categorical and hypothetical
Reason
Plato.
Relativism and Objectivism.
30. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Kant
Hypothetical
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical
31. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
William of Ockham
32. Examples of categorical imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Forfeiture
33. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Original position
34. Three cultural relativists:
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Augustine of Hippo
John Rawls
Hypothetical
35. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Cultural relativism
John Rawls
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
36. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Sextus Empericus
Veil of ignorance
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
37. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Augustine of Hippo
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Kant
Veil of ignorance
38. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Individual relativism
Metaethics.
Relativism and Objectivism.
39. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Reason
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.