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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Ockham
Sextus Empericus
Metaethics.
Kant
2. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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3. Prominent stoic philosopher
Categorical
Individual relativism
Epictetus
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
4. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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5. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Cultural relativism
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
6. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Reason
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism
7. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Augustine of Hippo
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
8. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Normative
Epictetus
William of Ockham
Original position
9. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
William of Ockham
Metaethics.
Individual relativism
Epictetus
10. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
Sextus Empericus
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
11. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Kant
Applied
Hypothetical
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
12. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Applied
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Samuel Clarke
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
13. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Original position
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
14. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Kant
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Sextus Empericus
15. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Kant
Stoicism
Sextus Empericus
Categorical
16. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Applied
Relativism and Objectivism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
17. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Relativism.
Veil of ignorance
18. Examples of categorical imperatives
Kant
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Relativism and Objectivism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
19. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical
Relativism.
Samuel Clarke
20. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Veil of ignorance
21. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Veil of ignorance
Augustine of Hippo
Samuel Clarke
Relativism.
22. Three cultural relativists:
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Reason
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
23. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism.
Hypothetical
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
24. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Reason
Plato.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Samuel Clarke
25. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Samuel Clarke
John Rawls
Veil of ignorance
26. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Kant
Ockham
Epictetus
Good will - respect for every person as a human
27. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Kant
Sextus Empericus
Forfeiture
William of Ockham
28. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Normative
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Veil of ignorance
Relativism.
29. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
Kant
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
30. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
31. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Hypothetical
Original position
Forfeiture
Applied
32. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Augustine of Hippo
Thomas Aquinas
Veil of ignorance
Ockham
33. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Plato.
Augustine of Hippo
Epictetus
Metaethics.
34. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Samuel Clarke
Plato.
Normative
Hypothetical
35. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Sextus Empericus
36. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Individual relativism
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical and hypothetical
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
37. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Forfeiture
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Thomas Aquinas
Ockham
38. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Normative
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Reason
Forfeiture
39. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Forfeiture
Relativism and Objectivism.
Individual relativism
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.