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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Ockham
2. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Stoicism
William of Ockham
Forfeiture
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
3. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Cultural relativism
Relativism and Objectivism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
William of Ockham
4. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Categorical and hypothetical
Original position
Forfeiture
5. Prominent stoic philosopher
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Epictetus
Individual relativism
6. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Metaethics.
Augustine of Hippo
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
7. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Stoicism
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Relativism.
Sextus Empericus
8. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Cultural relativism
Relativism.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
9. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Categorical and hypothetical
Augustine of Hippo
Forfeiture
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
10. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Relativism and Objectivism.
Sextus Empericus
Forfeiture
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
11. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Applied
Forfeiture
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Stoicism
12. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Applied
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Cultural relativism
Plato.
13. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Samuel Clarke
Relativism and Objectivism.
Reason
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
14. Examples of categorical imperatives
Augustine of Hippo
Categorical and hypothetical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Individual relativism
15. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
John Rawls
Hypothetical
Relativism and Objectivism.
Ockham
16. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Ockham
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Stoicism
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
17. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Normative
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Individual relativism
18. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
19. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
20. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Original position
Kant
Relativism and Objectivism.
Veil of ignorance
21. Kant created what imperatives
Original position
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Hypothetical
Categorical and hypothetical
22. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Ockham
Thomas Aquinas
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Samuel Clarke
23. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
24. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Individual relativism
25. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Samuel Clarke
Categorical
Forfeiture
Plato.
26. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Forfeiture
Kant
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
27. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical
Samuel Clarke
Relativism.
28. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Plato.
Hypothetical
29. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Cultural relativism
Categorical and hypothetical
Plato.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
30. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Reason
Normative
William of Ockham
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
31. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Kant
Normative
Epictetus
Relativism and Objectivism.
32. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Ockham
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
33. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
John Rawls
Samuel Clarke
34. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Kant
Cultural relativism
Forfeiture
Applied
35. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Original position
Augustine of Hippo
Normative
36. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Sextus Empericus
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Samuel Clarke
Relativism.
37. Three cultural relativists:
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Samuel Clarke
Metaethics.
38. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Ockham
William of Ockham
39. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Thomas Aquinas
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Metaethics.
John Rawls