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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Epictetus
William of Ockham
Categorical
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
2. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
William of Ockham
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Original position
Veil of ignorance
3. What are the three modern ethical theories?
William of Ockham
Relativism and Objectivism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Plato.
4. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Veil of ignorance
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism. And this-worldly.
5. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Reason
Individual relativism
Kant
Relativism.
6. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Thomas Aquinas
Stoicism
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
7. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Kant
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Thomas Aquinas
8. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Epictetus
Ockham
Relativism.
Thomas Aquinas
9. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Thomas Aquinas
Individual relativism
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
10. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Veil of ignorance
Ockham
11. Prominent stoic philosopher
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Normative
Categorical
Epictetus
12. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Kant
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
13. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Sextus Empericus
Stoicism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
John Rawls
14. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Thomas Aquinas
Categorical
Plato.
15. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
John Rawls
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Metaethics.
William of Ockham
16. Examples of categorical imperatives
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Individual relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
17. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Plato.
Normative
Hypothetical
Forfeiture
18. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Individual relativism
Forfeiture
Stoicism
Reason
19. Kant created what imperatives
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Forfeiture
Categorical and hypothetical
20. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Kant
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Reason
21. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Original position
Sextus Empericus
Augustine of Hippo
Ockham
22. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Applied
John Rawls
23. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Stoicism
Relativism.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Original position
24. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
25. Three cultural relativists:
Forfeiture
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Categorical and hypothetical
26. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
John Rawls
Relativism and Objectivism.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
27. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Augustine of Hippo
Relativism and Objectivism.
Relativism.
Kant
28. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Samuel Clarke
Normative
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
29. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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30. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Applied
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
31. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Individual relativism
Veil of ignorance
32. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Thomas Aquinas
Epictetus
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Augustine of Hippo
33. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
William of Ockham
Sextus Empericus
34. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Ockham
Individual relativism
Normative
Relativism and Objectivism.
35. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Cultural relativism
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
36. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Sextus Empericus
Augustine of Hippo
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Thomas Aquinas
37. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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38. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Thomas Aquinas
Epictetus
Veil of ignorance
Kant
39. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Forfeiture
Hypothetical
Stoicism
Metaethics.
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