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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Samuel Clarke
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
2. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
Stoicism
Normative
3. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
William of Ockham
Reason
Metaethics.
Sextus Empericus
4. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Cultural relativism
Stoicism
Kant
5. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Plato.
Veil of ignorance
Applied
6. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Thomas Aquinas
Categorical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Cultural relativism
7. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Metaethics.
Augustine of Hippo
Applied
Forfeiture
8. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Reason
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Hypothetical
John Rawls
9. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Stoicism
Augustine of Hippo
Original position
10. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Veil of ignorance
Kant
Augustine of Hippo
Samuel Clarke
11. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Kant
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Forfeiture
Individual relativism
12. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
William of Ockham
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Applied
Kant
13. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Metaethics.
Kant
Samuel Clarke
Applied
14. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Augustine of Hippo
Hypothetical
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Forfeiture
15. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Epictetus
16. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Relativism.
Categorical and hypothetical
William of Ockham
Applied
17. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
William of Ockham
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
18. Examples of categorical imperatives
Relativism and Objectivism.
Cultural relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
19. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Augustine of Hippo
Relativism and Objectivism.
Normative
20. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism.
Plato.
21. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Plato.
Samuel Clarke
Relativism. And this-worldly.
22. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Veil of ignorance
Categorical
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
23. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
24. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Plato.
Cultural relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
25. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Thomas Aquinas
Plato.
26. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Relativism.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Metaethics.
27. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Veil of ignorance
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Categorical
28. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Kant
Stoicism
Metaethics.
29. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Metaethics.
Plato.
Veil of ignorance
Original position
30. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
31. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Applied
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Cultural relativism
Categorical and hypothetical
32. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Ockham
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Forfeiture
33. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Individual relativism
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
34. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Plato.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Normative
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
35. Prominent stoic philosopher
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
John Rawls
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Epictetus
36. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Metaethics.
Individual relativism
Epictetus
Sextus Empericus
37. Three cultural relativists:
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Plato.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Categorical
38. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Normative
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
John Rawls
39. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Original position
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner