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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Samuel Clarke
Normative
Forfeiture
2. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Normative
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Stoicism
3. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Plato.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
4. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Forfeiture
5. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
John Rawls
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Kant
Relativism.
6. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Relativism and Objectivism.
Forfeiture
William of Ockham
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
7. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Augustine of Hippo
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Hypothetical
Kant
8. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Stoicism
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
9. Examples of categorical imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Epictetus
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
10. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Kant
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
11. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Reason
Samuel Clarke
Kant
Categorical and hypothetical
12. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
William of Ockham
Thomas Aquinas
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Categorical
13. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Original position
Individual relativism
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Applied
14. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Categorical and hypothetical
Sextus Empericus
Relativism and Objectivism.
Samuel Clarke
15. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
John Rawls
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
William of Ockham
16. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Categorical and hypothetical
Thomas Aquinas
Individual relativism
Metaethics.
17. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Veil of ignorance
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Kant
Categorical and hypothetical
18. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Original position
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Stoicism
19. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Individual relativism
Samuel Clarke
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Veil of ignorance
20. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Plato.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Samuel Clarke
21. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Kant
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism. And this-worldly.
22. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Metaethics.
Cultural relativism
23. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Applied
Epictetus
Thomas Aquinas
24. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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25. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Applied
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Thomas Aquinas
26. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Veil of ignorance
Epictetus
Hypothetical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
27. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Ockham
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Thomas Aquinas
28. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Original position
Plato.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism.
29. Kant created what imperatives
Categorical and hypothetical
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Original position
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
30. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Individual relativism
Kant
John Rawls
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
31. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Augustine of Hippo
Original position
Kant
Relativism and Objectivism.
32. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Applied
Categorical and hypothetical
Normative
Sextus Empericus
33. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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34. Prominent stoic philosopher
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Forfeiture
Epictetus
Normative
35. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Samuel Clarke
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Normative
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
36. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Cultural relativism
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Thomas Aquinas
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
37. Three cultural relativists:
Individual relativism
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Plato.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
38. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Ockham
Plato.
Reason
Relativism and Objectivism.
39. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Categorical and hypothetical
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Individual relativism
Samuel Clarke