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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Plato.
Samuel Clarke
John Rawls
Ockham
2. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Sextus Empericus
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
3. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Plato.
Applied
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism
4. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Forfeiture
Sextus Empericus
Kant
Relativism. And this-worldly.
5. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
William of Ockham
Metaethics.
Augustine of Hippo
Plato.
6. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Stoicism
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Categorical and hypothetical
7. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Plato.
Reason
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Stoicism
8. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Thomas Aquinas
Plato.
Relativism and Objectivism.
9. Kant created what imperatives
Forfeiture
Veil of ignorance
Samuel Clarke
Categorical and hypothetical
10. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Relativism.
Ockham
Relativism and Objectivism.
Thomas Aquinas
11. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Categorical and hypothetical
Original position
Stoicism
Kant
12. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Relativism.
Stoicism
Cultural relativism
13. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Normative
Veil of ignorance
Cultural relativism
Ockham
14. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Kant
Forfeiture
Categorical
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
15. Examples of categorical imperatives
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
John Rawls
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
16. Three cultural relativists:
Categorical
John Rawls
Ockham
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
17. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Reason
Original position
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
18. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
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19. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Kant
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
John Rawls
Relativism. And this-worldly.
20. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Plato.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Augustine of Hippo
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
21. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Stoicism
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Applied
22. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Stoicism
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Relativism.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
23. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Kant
Relativism and Objectivism.
Thomas Aquinas
24. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Veil of ignorance
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
William of Ockham
Cultural relativism
25. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Samuel Clarke
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Epictetus
26. Prominent stoic philosopher
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Categorical
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Epictetus
27. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Cultural relativism
28. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Plato.
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Relativism and Objectivism.
29. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Kant
Kant
Epictetus
Normative
30. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Metaethics.
Thomas Aquinas
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Veil of ignorance
31. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Hypothetical
Normative
Individual relativism
Original position
32. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Cultural relativism
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
33. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
John Rawls
Relativism.
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
34. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Individual relativism
Metaethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
35. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
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36. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Kant
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Stoicism
Relativism and Objectivism.
37. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Samuel Clarke
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Categorical
38. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Cultural relativism
Normative
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
39. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Hypothetical
Epictetus
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.