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Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Kant
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
2. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Original position
Reason
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Metaethics.
3. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Relativism and Objectivism.
Forfeiture
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
4. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Kant
Relativism and Objectivism.
Reason
5. Kant created what imperatives
Hypothetical
Thomas Aquinas
Categorical and hypothetical
Sextus Empericus
6. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Ockham
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Original position
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
7. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Normative
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Forfeiture
Good will - respect for every person as a human
8. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Ockham
Individual relativism
John Rawls
Samuel Clarke
9. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
Normative
Cultural relativism
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Hypothetical
10. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Normative
Sextus Empericus
Samuel Clarke
John Rawls
11. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Plato.
Sextus Empericus
William of Ockham
John Rawls
12. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
Stoicism
Applied
Kant
Individual relativism
13. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
14. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
15. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Categorical
Samuel Clarke
16. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Original position
Applied
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Hypothetical
17. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Cultural relativism
Normative
Original position
John Rawls
18. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Relativism.
William of Ockham
Metaethics.
Categorical
19. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Applied
Metaethics.
20. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Relativism. And this-worldly.
William of Ockham
Cultural relativism
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
21. Examples of categorical imperatives
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Applied
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Normative
22. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Plato.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
23. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Reason
Cultural relativism
Veil of ignorance
24. Prominent stoic philosopher
Epictetus
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Ockham
25. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Categorical
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
26. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Thomas Aquinas
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Individual relativism
Hypothetical
27. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Veil of ignorance
28. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Augustine of Hippo
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Samuel Clarke
29. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Original position
Kant
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
30. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Veil of ignorance
31. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism and Objectivism.
John Rawls
Relativism.
32. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Kant
Plato.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Veil of ignorance
33. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Hypothetical
Stoicism
Categorical
34. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Kant
Original position
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
35. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Kant
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Augustine of Hippo
Relativism. And this-worldly.
36. Three cultural relativists:
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Samuel Clarke
Reason
Kant
37. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Individual relativism
Applied
Categorical
Hypothetical
38. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
Individual relativism
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Forfeiture
39. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Augustine of Hippo
Applied
Cultural relativism
Good will - respect for every person as a human