SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
DSST Ethics In America
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
dsst
,
civics
Instructions:
Answer 39 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The original position is a contract in which every citizen
Applied
Agrees to regarding rights and duties.
Kant
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
2. 17th Century British philosopher ________ likened morals to spiritual 'relationships' rather than spiritual objects.
Original position
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Ockham
Samuel Clarke
3. This philosopher believed in reason - universal application of morals applied by a sense of duty.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Metaethics.
Kant
John Rawls
4. An attacker gives up his right to life. Self-defense theory is covered by what philosophy:
William of Ockham
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Forfeiture
5. What philosophy holds that we are fully responsible for what becomes of us - that we are hurling ourselves toward our own future - and we are responsible for our own ethics - not God.
Reason
Categorical
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Ockham
6. What is the more 'practical' ethical theory - concentrating on our standards of behavior and duties to others?
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Normative
Kant
Kant
7. In A Theory of Justice - Rawls replaces Hobbes - Rouseau - and Locke's 'state of nature' with what?
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Categorical and hypothetical
Original position
Cultural relativism
8. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards exist as absolutes outside the physical in a sort of spiritual realm?
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
John Rawls
Individual relativism
Forfeiture
9. What imperative covers actions that are not universal or not in keeping with a sense of duty?
Hypothetical
Plato.
Cultural relativism
Normative
10. Skepticism forms a basis for moral __________
Objectivism. And other-worldly.
Ockham
Cultural relativism
Relativism.
11. Moral relativism is split into two categories:
Individual relativism and cultural relativism.
Augustine of Hippo
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Plato.
12. Skeptics such as _____________ did not deny moral values only that they were divine or willed by God.
Cultural relativism
Epictetus
Veil of ignorance
Sextus Empericus
13. What topics comprise metaphysical ethics issues?
Hypothetical
Stoicism
Relativism and Objectivism.
Samuel Clarke
14. What imperative states that for an action to be worth it must be universal to all beings and it must be done with a sense of moral duty?
Thomas Aquinas
Kant
Categorical
John Rawls
15. Who said - 'Good is to be done and promoted and evil is to be avoided?'
16. One medieval philosopher who believed in divine commands was ...
Normative
Ockham
Applied
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
17. Scripture and 'God's Will -' and divine commands such as 'murder is wrong -' are called ...
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Good will - respect for every person as a human
Individual relativism
Stoicism
18. Relativism that is determined by society - such as acceptance of homosexuals - matricide - abortion - etc. is:
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Cultural relativism
Samuel Clarke
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
19. Which philosopher - greatly influenced by Kant - wrote A Theory of Justice?
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
John Rawls
20. Medieval philosophers believed morals were 'eternal law.' Would this be a worldly/relativism view or an other-worldly/objective view?
Ockham
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Augustine of Hippo
21. What ethical theory involves specific issues such as abortion - environmentalism - war - homosexuality - capital punishment and similar topics.
John Rawls
Applied
Augustine of Hippo
Kant
22. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that an individual created his own morality. This ties in with the 'becoming' of a superman. This creation of morality distinct from society is:
Categorical and hypothetical
Individual relativism
Epictetus
Reason
23. Three cultural relativists:
Samuel Clarke
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Relativism.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
24. What philosopher likened ethics and morals to spirit-like objects that exist as abstractions? Such as math (1+1=2)
Relativism and Objectivism.
Plato.
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
25. A metaphysical philosopher of the Middle Ages who believed in libertarian ideals such as separation of church and state and who also believed that the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one:
Normative
William of Ockham
Cultural relativism
Individual relativism
26. Who determined there were four cardinal virtues (prudence - temperance - fortitude - justice) and three theological virtues (faith - hope - and charity)?
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Thomas Aquinas
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Categorical and hypothetical
27. What philosophy believes the virtuous life is the only way to attain happiness and that vice leads to unhappiness. (Also - objectivism/other-worldly)
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Stoicism
Thomas Aquinas
Samuel Clarke
28. According to Rawls - an ethical situation can be determined with a thought experiment that assumes no social class - race - or hierarchy is involved. This is called the __________.
Plato.
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Objective view/other-worldly. Medieval philosophers relied on superstition and religion to define morality.
Veil of ignorance
29. What philosopher believed that happiness is the basis of philosophy. To be happy one must grow in the knowledge of God not by satisfaction of goods.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Forfeiture
Augustine of Hippo
Original position
30. What system of ethics holds that ethical standards are constructs of society?
Relativism. And this-worldly.
Metaethics.
Augustine of Hippo
William of Ockham
31. What two topics are prominent in metaethics?
Relativism and Objectivism.
Epictetus
William of Ockham
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
32. To Kant - what is the basis for morality?
No. Plato's view was that moral and ethical ideas existed as abstract concepts such as math. Humans can't change numbers and math (1+1 will always equal 2) and he believed morals existed in the same realm.
Divine command theory or voluntarism.
Reason
Cultural relativism
33. Kant created what imperatives
Normative
Categorical and hypothetical
Relativism.
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
34. What philosopher might say - 'I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law.'
Cultural relativism
Kant
William of Ockham
Plato.
35. Examples of categorical imperatives
Original position
Good will - respect for every person as a human
(1) metaphysical issues concerning whether morality exists independently of humans - and (2) psychological issues concerning the underlying mental basis of our moral judgments and conduct.
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
36. In Plato's view can moral abstractions be altered?
37. What are the three modern ethical theories?
Thomas Aquinas. This concept has to do with the blending of virtue - theology - law - reason - and revelation. It's an idea that the very basis of ethics is God and we are to follow God's will. It's a reckoning of law with God.
Metaethics - normative ethics - and applied ethics.
Plato.
Hypothetical
38. Prominent stoic philosopher
Sextus Empiricus - Michel Montaigne - and William Graham Sumner
Epictetus
Existentialism - especially the works of Sartre
Ockham
39. What theory concentrates on the origins and constructs of ethics - including God - society - and satisfying emotion?
Categorical
Hypothetical
Metaethics.
Objectivism. And other-worldly.