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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Descriptive - normative - meta-ethics






2. Claim that only pleasure or pain motivate us - most significant form of psychological hedonism






3. To punish subjects who break the law






4. Intensity - duration - certainty - propinquity (nearness) - fecundity - purity - extent






5. Prudence - courage - justice - temperance






6. A relative mean between extremes of excess and deficiency - ini general a life of moderation in all things except virtue






7. Selfishness and lack of concern for other (contains first two stages of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






8. Evaluates people's actions and their moral character (it is concerned with the content of moral judgments or principles - rules - or theories that guide our actions and judgments - and the criteria for what is right or wrong- it argues for particular






9. People think of their duties towards others in terms of abstract rules that transcend the particular cultures of historical situations that specific people find themselves in (stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






10. Believed that moral justification came from utility and good institutions produce good consequences (Hedonistic Utilitarianism)






11. Process by which patients are asked to consent to procedures after being sufficiently informed to make a rational decision






12. Live according to nature - according to rational principles which involve an emphasis on character and self-mastery - reason links all of society






13. Maintains that moral values are relative to our natural human feelings and the urgent needs real situations - our ction should be guided by our feeling good about ourselves while promoting social well-being. Experiences of morality drawn from peoples






14. Self-mastery according to Kant






15. A contract or agreement between two parties to complete a task






16. Believed that morality consisted on acting on the basis of duty alone - the consequences of our actions are often out of our control






17. Justice - promise-keeping - allegiance to legitimate government






18. Making exagerated claims about products






19. Set of rules that produces the greatest amount of good for the most people






20. Duties to adopt certain ends - many are imperfect in that they do not specify how - when - or for whom they should be achieved






21. Ethical responsibilites at work - avoiding conflicts of interest






22. Applied to determine on what basis scarce resources will be distributed or alternatively on what basis burdens will be distributed






23. Way of evaluating moral decisions based on the amount of pleasure that it provides






24. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






25. According to Socrates this is the sufficient condition to the good life






26. Social Contracts - think in terms of laws because of majority agreements






27. Tell about the life and ministry of Jesus - in the New Testament






28. Disclosing relevant information regardng a medical diagnosis or treatment






29. The first 5 books of the Old Testament






30. Believe that right and good consist in obedience to objective moral duties






31. Bad character traits






32. Should a whole society be responsible for the actions of a few? What are the justifications of any actions against an enemy?






33. God's device to govern the whole community of the universe towards the common good






34. Evidence of a valid consent






35. Name the four authors of the Gospels






36. Fostering good interpersonal relationships - thinkers take the needs and interests of others into account - it is important to make others happy






37. Three Aristotelian principles followed by Aquinas






38. Courage - magnanimity - ambition - friendship - generosity - fidelity - gratitude






39. The idea of avoiding extremes - you shouldn't do anything to excess






40. Puts forth the notion of eternal law as the road map for ethics - the ultimate purpose of life was not happiness here on Earth but eternal bliss in the hereafter






41. Claim that all and only pleasure has worth or value and all and only pain has disvalue - happiness should be pursued






42. The view that there exists an eternal moral law that can be discovered through reason by looking at the nature of humanity and society






43. An american philosopher in the liberal tradition - had theory of justice as fairness






44. An agreement that is binding on both parties for its fulfillment






45. Written by Hobbes - morality consists of Laws of Nature






46. Believes that all acts are ultimately self-serving - even when they seem benevolent - that in a state of nature - prior to any formation of government - humans would behave completely selfishly






47. Duties that form this subject matter are precise - owed to specifiable others - and can be legally enforced






48. Says we should always do the will of God






49. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)






50. A generalized blueprint for the kind of entity you are