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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Set of rules that produces the greatest amount of good for the most people






2. Hold that choices and/or acts or intentions are to be morally assessed solely by the states of affairs they bring about






3. Selfishness and lack of concern for other (contains first two stages of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






4. Descriptive - normative - meta-ethics






5. Believes that all acts are ultimately self-serving - even when they seem benevolent - that in a state of nature - prior to any formation of government - humans would behave completely selfishly






6. Claim that only pleasure or pain motivate us - most significant form of psychological hedonism






7. A contract or agreement between two parties to complete a task






8. Believed that moral justification came from utility and good institutions produce good consequences (Hedonistic Utilitarianism)






9. Humans pursue only their own self-interest; all people are equal; three natural causes of quarrel; natural condition of perpetual war; motivation for peace






10. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






11. Morality depends on religious belief or on a set of values given by a religion






12. Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness






13. An american philosopher in the liberal tradition - had theory of justice as fairness






14. Things are morally good or bad - or morally obligatory - permissible - or prohibited - soley because of God's will or command






15. Evaluates people's actions and their moral character (it is concerned with the content of moral judgments or principles - rules - or theories that guide our actions and judgments - and the criteria for what is right or wrong- it argues for particular






16. Self-mastery according to Kant






17. Envisions a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights of cooperating within an egalitarian economic system






18. According to Socrates this is the sufficient condition to the good life






19. This lays the groundwork for normative ethics - it deals with the nature of moral judgment. It looks at the origins of meaning of ethical principles. It studies the nature of morality and questions the abstract meaning of ethical terms






20. Claim that all and only pleasure has worth or value and all and only pain has disvalue - happiness should be pursued






21. Describes the ethical standards of a person - community - culture - etc. (controversial topics)






22. Live according to nature - according to rational principles which involve an emphasis on character and self-mastery - reason links all of society






23. Social Contracts - think in terms of laws because of majority agreements






24. Guide of moral conduct based on the principles of Stoicism






25. Name the four authors of the Gospels






26. Ethical responsibilites at work - avoiding conflicts of interest






27. Founder of Liberalism - believed that everybody must be moved by a desire for his or her own happiness or pleasure.






28. Type of ethical theory which is concerned with moral rules which are generated by non-consequentialist methods - based in the nature of rationality or other principles of duty not consequences - theory of moral obligation






29. An action is morally obligatory if it produces the most good for the most people






30. Fostering good interpersonal relationships - thinkers take the needs and interests of others into account - it is important to make others happy






31. Tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal






32. Socrates believed that all wrong doing is a result of this






33. Plato believed the organization of the soul of a good person is similiar to this






34. The idea of avoiding extremes - you shouldn't do anything to excess






35. Advocates that moral values are relative to likely social consequences - we must act in a way as to help bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people (Standard of Happiness)






36. Disclosing relevant information regardng a medical diagnosis or treatment






37. Believed that morality consisted on acting on the basis of duty alone - the consequences of our actions are often out of our control






38. Interference of an individual with another person - against their will - and defended that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm






39. Evidence of a valid consent






40. Tell about the life and ministry of Jesus - in the New Testament






41. Punishment and reward - thinking is animalistic - actions are in ways that anticipate reward and avoid punishment






42. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)






43. Felt that ethics was born of human conflict






44. Justice - promise-keeping - allegiance to legitimate government






45. Socrates believed that whatever action a man chooses is motivated for his desire for this






46. There is moral significance in the fundamental elements of relationships and dependencies in human life (care-givers)






47. Maintains that moral values are relative to our natural human feelings and the urgent needs real situations - our ction should be guided by our feeling good about ourselves while promoting social well-being. Experiences of morality drawn from peoples






48. An agreement between two parties - but only one of the parties has to do something






49. An agreement that is binding on both parties for its fulfillment






50. Way of evaluating moral decisions based on the amount of pleasure that it provides