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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Written by Hobbes - morality consists of Laws of Nature






2. Maintains that moral values are relative to our natural human feelings and the urgent needs real situations - our ction should be guided by our feeling good about ourselves while promoting social well-being. Experiences of morality drawn from peoples






3. God's device to govern the whole community of the universe towards the common good






4. Student of Socrates who suggested the good life is one of intelligence






5. Socrates believed that all wrong doing is a result of this






6. When someone's work stands to serve an interest in conflict with his or her obligations as a professional






7. Divides moral philosophy into two domains - justice or law and ethics or virtue






8. To punish subjects who break the law






9. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






10. Disclosure of information - comprehension - voluntariness






11. Live according to nature - according to rational principles which involve an emphasis on character and self-mastery - reason links all of society






12. Selfishness and lack of concern for other (contains first two stages of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






13. Explores when and how to compensate someone for a loss






14. Envisions a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights of cooperating within an egalitarian economic system






15. Descriptive - normative - meta-ethics






16. Morality and religion are thought to come from a common source of inspiration and knowledge - a source that religion may refer to as God






17. An agreement that is binding on both parties for its fulfillment






18. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)






19. Duties that form this subject matter are precise - owed to specifiable others - and can be legally enforced






20. An action is morally obligatory if it produces the most good for the most people






21. Bad character traits






22. Intensity - duration - certainty - propinquity (nearness) - fecundity - purity - extent






23. Tell us what to do irrespective of our desires






24. Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness






25. Disclosing relevant information regardng a medical diagnosis or treatment






26. Tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal






27. Socrates believed that whatever action a man chooses is motivated for his desire for this






28. Should a whole society be responsible for the actions of a few? What are the justifications of any actions against an enemy?






29. Plato believed the organization of the soul of a good person is similiar to this






30. A hierarchy that tracked how people can move from lesser to a more sophisticated ethical reasoning

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31. Applied to determine on what basis scarce resources will be distributed or alternatively on what basis burdens will be distributed






32. Puts forth the notion of eternal law as the road map for ethics - the ultimate purpose of life was not happiness here on Earth but eternal bliss in the hereafter






33. An american philosopher in the liberal tradition - had theory of justice as fairness






34. Believes that all acts are ultimately self-serving - even when they seem benevolent - that in a state of nature - prior to any formation of government - humans would behave completely selfishly






35. Three Aristotelian principles followed by Aquinas






36. Founder of Liberalism - believed that everybody must be moved by a desire for his or her own happiness or pleasure.






37. The study of ends or final causes or purposes that things serve






38. Claim that all and only pleasure has worth or value and all and only pain has disvalue - happiness should be pursued






39. Things are morally good or bad - or morally obligatory - permissible - or prohibited - soley because of God's will or command






40. Fostering good interpersonal relationships - thinkers take the needs and interests of others into account - it is important to make others happy






41. A contract or agreement between two parties to complete a task






42. Making exagerated claims about products






43. Claim that only pleasure or pain motivate us - most significant form of psychological hedonism






44. Process by which patients are asked to consent to procedures after being sufficiently informed to make a rational decision






45. Includes a good habit - a mean - and a disposition to act within reason






46. People think of their duties towards others in terms of abstract rules that transcend the particular cultures of historical situations that specific people find themselves in (stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






47. System of moral principles - affects how people make decisionss and lead their lives






48. Name the first 5 books of the Old Testament






49. Justice - promise-keeping - allegiance to legitimate government






50. Moral character - a theory of morality that makes virtue the central concern