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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. System of moral principles - affects how people make decisionss and lead their lives






2. The idea of avoiding extremes - you shouldn't do anything to excess






3. Egoism and exchange relationships - thinking is based on self-interest and how it can be achieved within relationships






4. Humans pursue only their own self-interest; all people are equal; three natural causes of quarrel; natural condition of perpetual war; motivation for peace






5. Hold that choices and/or acts or intentions are to be morally assessed solely by the states of affairs they bring about






6. Consent is the basis of government - people have agreed to be ruled that governments are entitled to rule






7. Name the four authors of the Gospels






8. Believed that moral justification came from utility and good institutions produce good consequences (Hedonistic Utilitarianism)






9. Applied to determine on what basis scarce resources will be distributed or alternatively on what basis burdens will be distributed






10. Talks about who should get which benefits and which burdens






11. This lays the groundwork for normative ethics - it deals with the nature of moral judgment. It looks at the origins of meaning of ethical principles. It studies the nature of morality and questions the abstract meaning of ethical terms






12. Written by Hobbes - morality consists of Laws of Nature






13. An attempt to revise - reformulate - or rethink traditional ethics to the extent it depreciates or devalues women's moral experience






14. Process by which patients are asked to consent to procedures after being sufficiently informed to make a rational decision






15. Courage - magnanimity - ambition - friendship - generosity - fidelity - gratitude






16. Felt that ethics was born of human conflict






17. Reliable habits you engrave into your identity






18. Former slave who received an education in the doctrine of Stoic philosophy - believed ethical wisdom can be obtained by keeping a moral purpose in harmony with nature






19. Ethical responsibilites at work - avoiding conflicts of interest






20. Duties that form this subject matter are precise - owed to specifiable others - and can be legally enforced






21. A generalized blueprint for the kind of entity you are






22. Says we should always do the will of God






23. Things are morally good or bad - or morally obligatory - permissible - or prohibited - soley because of God's will or command






24. Evaluates people's actions and their moral character (it is concerned with the content of moral judgments or principles - rules - or theories that guide our actions and judgments - and the criteria for what is right or wrong- it argues for particular






25. View holds that the good for which all humans aspire is happiness - which is the activity of the soul






26. Claims that humans are naturally self-interested and they are not naturally selfish or motivated by pride






27. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






28. An agreement between two parties - but only one of the parties has to do something






29. Set of rules that produces the greatest amount of good for the most people






30. The view that there exists an eternal moral law that can be discovered through reason by looking at the nature of humanity and society






31. Selfishness and lack of concern for other (contains first two stages of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






32. To punish subjects who break the law






33. Bad character traits






34. Morality based on religion alone - without any reference to religious ideas






35. A hierarchy that tracked how people can move from lesser to a more sophisticated ethical reasoning

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36. Live according to nature - according to rational principles which involve an emphasis on character and self-mastery - reason links all of society






37. Claim that only pleasure or pain motivate us - most significant form of psychological hedonism






38. People think of their duties towards others in terms of abstract rules that transcend the particular cultures of historical situations that specific people find themselves in (stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






39. Describes the ethical standards of a person - community - culture - etc. (controversial topics)






40. A relative mean between extremes of excess and deficiency - ini general a life of moderation in all things except virtue






41. Name the first 5 books of the Old Testament






42. Intensity - duration - certainty - propinquity (nearness) - fecundity - purity - extent






43. When someone's work stands to serve an interest in conflict with his or her obligations as a professional






44. Punishment and reward - thinking is animalistic - actions are in ways that anticipate reward and avoid punishment






45. God's device to govern the whole community of the universe towards the common good






46. Guide of moral conduct based on the principles of Stoicism






47. Divides moral philosophy into two domains - justice or law and ethics or virtue






48. Genuin care for others (stages 3 and 4 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






49. Rights and Justice - concerned mostly with justice - being an ideal ethical thinker needs you to distance yourself from a situation to assess it clearly






50. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)







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