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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of Liberalism - believed that everybody must be moved by a desire for his or her own happiness or pleasure.






2. Envisions a society of free citizens holding equal basic rights of cooperating within an egalitarian economic system






3. Live according to nature - according to rational principles which involve an emphasis on character and self-mastery - reason links all of society






4. This lays the groundwork for normative ethics - it deals with the nature of moral judgment. It looks at the origins of meaning of ethical principles. It studies the nature of morality and questions the abstract meaning of ethical terms






5. Descriptive - normative - meta-ethics






6. System of moral principles - affects how people make decisionss and lead their lives






7. Former slave who received an education in the doctrine of Stoic philosophy - believed ethical wisdom can be obtained by keeping a moral purpose in harmony with nature






8. Morality and religion are thought to come from a common source of inspiration and knowledge - a source that religion may refer to as God






9. Process by which patients are asked to consent to procedures after being sufficiently informed to make a rational decision






10. Things are morally good or bad - or morally obligatory - permissible - or prohibited - soley because of God's will or command






11. Describes the ethical standards of a person - community - culture - etc. (controversial topics)






12. Tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal






13. Set of rules that produces the greatest amount of good for the most people






14. Courage - magnanimity - ambition - friendship - generosity - fidelity - gratitude






15. Name the four authors of the Gospels






16. Believes that all acts are ultimately self-serving - even when they seem benevolent - that in a state of nature - prior to any formation of government - humans would behave completely selfishly






17. Socrates believed that whatever action a man chooses is motivated for his desire for this






18. According to Socrates this is the sufficient condition to the good life






19. Puts forth the notion of eternal law as the road map for ethics - the ultimate purpose of life was not happiness here on Earth but eternal bliss in the hereafter






20. An agreement between two parties - but only one of the parties has to do something






21. Interference of an individual with another person - against their will - and defended that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm






22. Genuin care for others (stages 3 and 4 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






23. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






24. An agreement that is binding on both parties for its fulfillment






25. Evaluates people's actions and their moral character (it is concerned with the content of moral judgments or principles - rules - or theories that guide our actions and judgments - and the criteria for what is right or wrong- it argues for particular






26. Applied to determine on what basis scarce resources will be distributed or alternatively on what basis burdens will be distributed






27. Social Contracts - think in terms of laws because of majority agreements






28. A relative mean between extremes of excess and deficiency - ini general a life of moderation in all things except virtue






29. Humans pursue only their own self-interest; all people are equal; three natural causes of quarrel; natural condition of perpetual war; motivation for peace






30. A generalized blueprint for the kind of entity you are






31. Moral character - a theory of morality that makes virtue the central concern






32. Justice - promise-keeping - allegiance to legitimate government






33. Duties that form this subject matter are precise - owed to specifiable others - and can be legally enforced






34. People think of their duties towards others in terms of abstract rules that transcend the particular cultures of historical situations that specific people find themselves in (stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






35. Name the first 5 books of the Old Testament






36. Consent is the basis of government - people have agreed to be ruled that governments are entitled to rule






37. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)






38. Intensity - duration - certainty - propinquity (nearness) - fecundity - purity - extent






39. Type of ethical theory which is concerned with moral rules which are generated by non-consequentialist methods - based in the nature of rationality or other principles of duty not consequences - theory of moral obligation






40. A contract or agreement between two parties to complete a task






41. There is moral significance in the fundamental elements of relationships and dependencies in human life (care-givers)






42. Rights and Justice - concerned mostly with justice - being an ideal ethical thinker needs you to distance yourself from a situation to assess it clearly






43. Plato believed the organization of the soul of a good person is similiar to this






44. View holds that the good for which all humans aspire is happiness - which is the activity of the soul






45. Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War






46. Student of Socrates who suggested the good life is one of intelligence






47. Bad character traits






48. Ethical responsibilites at work - avoiding conflicts of interest






49. Disclosing information to outside sources without permission of the company regarding unethical practices






50. Believe that right and good consist in obedience to objective moral duties