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DSST Ethics In America 2

Subjects : dsst, civics
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Guide of moral conduct based on the principles of Stoicism






2. Competition over material good; general distrust; glory of powerful positions






3. Four basic possible standards: Full Disclosure Standard - Subjective Standard - Customary Practice or Professional Standard - Reasonable Person Standard






4. Socrates believed that all wrong doing is a result of this






5. Duties to adopt certain ends - many are imperfect in that they do not specify how - when - or for whom they should be achieved






6. The view that there exists an eternal moral law that can be discovered through reason by looking at the nature of humanity and society






7. Tell you what to do in order to achieve a particular goal






8. Name the four authors of the Gospels






9. There is moral significance in the fundamental elements of relationships and dependencies in human life (care-givers)






10. Genuin care for others (stages 3 and 4 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






11. Interference of an individual with another person - against their will - and defended that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm






12. According to Socrates this is the sufficient condition to the good life






13. Believed that moral justification came from utility and good institutions produce good consequences (Hedonistic Utilitarianism)






14. Duties that form this subject matter are precise - owed to specifiable others - and can be legally enforced






15. Social Contracts - think in terms of laws because of majority agreements






16. Evaluates people's actions and their moral character (it is concerned with the content of moral judgments or principles - rules - or theories that guide our actions and judgments - and the criteria for what is right or wrong- it argues for particular






17. Explores when and how to compensate someone for a loss






18. Evidence of a valid consent






19. Fostering good interpersonal relationships - thinkers take the needs and interests of others into account - it is important to make others happy






20. This lays the groundwork for normative ethics - it deals with the nature of moral judgment. It looks at the origins of meaning of ethical principles. It studies the nature of morality and questions the abstract meaning of ethical terms






21. An action is morally obligatory if it produces the most good for the most people






22. Hold that choices and/or acts or intentions are to be morally assessed solely by the states of affairs they bring about






23. Selfishness and lack of concern for other (contains first two stages of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






24. Student of Socrates who suggested the good life is one of intelligence






25. Morality and religion are thought to come from a common source of inspiration and knowledge - a source that religion may refer to as God






26. Claim that only pleasure or pain motivate us - most significant form of psychological hedonism






27. An american philosopher in the liberal tradition - had theory of justice as fairness






28. Disclosing relevant information regardng a medical diagnosis or treatment






29. Includes a good habit - a mean - and a disposition to act within reason






30. Maintains that moral values are relative to our natural human feelings and the urgent needs real situations - our ction should be guided by our feeling good about ourselves while promoting social well-being. Experiences of morality drawn from peoples






31. Talks about who should get which benefits and which burdens






32. Respect for the rules of the group - focuses on what's necessary to promote the cohesiveness of society (ex: breaking the law is unethical behavior)






33. Way of evaluating moral decisions based on the amount of pleasure that it provides






34. Wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War






35. Intensity - duration - certainty - propinquity (nearness) - fecundity - purity - extent






36. Founder of Liberalism - believed that everybody must be moved by a desire for his or her own happiness or pleasure.






37. An agreement between two parties - but only one of the parties has to do something






38. Believes that all acts are ultimately self-serving - even when they seem benevolent - that in a state of nature - prior to any formation of government - humans would behave completely selfishly






39. System of moral principles - affects how people make decisionss and lead their lives






40. Socrates believed that whatever action a man chooses is motivated for his desire for this






41. Talks about what punishments are appropriate for wrongdoing






42. Humans pursue only their own self-interest; all people are equal; three natural causes of quarrel; natural condition of perpetual war; motivation for peace






43. Descriptive - normative - meta-ethics






44. Claims that humans are naturally self-interested and they are not naturally selfish or motivated by pride






45. Reliable habits you engrave into your identity






46. Morality based on religion alone - without any reference to religious ideas






47. Process by which patients are asked to consent to procedures after being sufficiently informed to make a rational decision






48. Claim that all and only pleasure has worth or value and all and only pain has disvalue - happiness should be pursued






49. People think of their duties towards others in terms of abstract rules that transcend the particular cultures of historical situations that specific people find themselves in (stages 5 & 6 of Kohlberg's hierarchy)






50. Believed that morality consisted on acting on the basis of duty alone - the consequences of our actions are often out of our control