Test your basic knowledge |

ENT/Respiratory

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Rhinosinusitis risk factors?
Abnormal high pitched caused by blockage in upper airway; usually heard with with inspiration
Inflammation of the nasal cavity
Nasal polyps - deviated septum - hx of trauma - surgery - foreign bodies or recent altitude changes
Purulent discharge - post nasal draiange; cough; sinus pressure - tooth pain; halitosis (changes in taste); alterations of smell

2. Symptoms of acute bacterial rhino-sinusitis (ABRS)?
Purulent discharge - post nasal draiange; cough; sinus pressure - tooth pain; halitosis (changes in taste); alterations of smell
Dyspnea when supine - relived by sitting or standing
Aspirin: increases viral shedding
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall

3. Tx of sinusitis symptoms <10 days
Symptomatic (steam; nasal irrigation); APAP for pain.
24-72 hrs
High pitched voice sound due to transmission of noise across fluid. Indicative of effusion.
3 months to 3 years old

4. Which Rx should not be used for viral URI pecs?

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183

5. Abnormal pulmonary findings?
Clubbing - Use of accessory muscles - barrel chest
Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day x7 days; Augmentin 90/6.4 mg/kg/day x7 days
NSAIDs for aches - fever; Sympathomimetics: pseudophedrine or phenylephrine
Rhinovirus - influenza - parainfluenza

6. Chronic rhino-sinusitis duration of symptoms?
Increased loudness of whispering during auscultation. Indicative of consolidation.
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ
>12 weeks
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])

7. Egophany (vocal resonance)
Amoxicillin 1000 mg TID x7 days; Augmentin 2000/125mg BID x7 days
E. coli
High pitched voice sound due to transmission of noise across fluid. Indicative of effusion.
Inflammation of the nasal cavity

8. Spirometry
Aspirin: Reye's Syndrome
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall
Symptomatic (steam; nasal irrigation); APAP for pain.
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ

9. Wheezes
Deep - snoring sound; indicates fluid or narrowing of airways; common in bronchitis and COPD
Viral inoculation > viral rhinitis > infection of paranasal sinuses > inflammation & edema > mucosal edema - copious secretions - ciliary dyskinesia > sinus congestions and/or obstruction
High pitched sounds; can occur during inspiration or expiration; indicates narrow airways; can occur with asthma - COPD - pneumonia - CHF
Persistent; recurrent x4/yr; severe HA; altered mental status

10. Sinusitis
Rebound congestion 3-5 days
Symptomatic (steam; nasal irrigation); APAP for pain.
Rhinovirus - influenza - and parainfluenza
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

11. Proxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Persistent; recurrent x4/yr; severe HA; altered mental status
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ
Severe dyspnea when lying supine with associated wheezing and coughing - need to sit up abruptly due to severe dyspnea
Nasal congestion - HA - sinus pain - fever - sore throat - cough

12. Normal pulse ox
4-12 weeks
92-100%
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Labs: CBC - blood gas - d-dimer - CMP - BNP - Chest CT - MRI

13. Tx for adult AOE?
Oflaxicin 0.3% solution BID
Erythmatous auditory canal - crusting
Warm - humid environment; rest;
Apena alternating with hyperpnea;

14. Diagnostics of sinusitis?
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])
Apena alternating with hyperpnea;
PE: rhinoscopy with otoscope
Measures speed of exhalation; results measure by age and weight

15. What are physical exam findings of AOE?
Persistent; recurrent x4/yr; severe HA; altered mental status
Erythmatous auditory canal - crusting
E. coli
>12 weeks

16. Rhinosinusitis History?
Deep - rapid - labored - breathing
Nasal congestion - HA - sinus pain - fever - sore throat - cough
Bacterial infection
Aspirin: increases viral shedding

17. Bronchophony
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Pulse ox; Peak expiratory flow; spirometry
Increased breath sounds or voice remains loud at the periphery during auscultation. Indicative of consolidation.

18. Common cold pathogens
Rhinovirus - influenza - and parainfluenza
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ

19. Nonpharmacological tx for viral URI
Warm - humid environment; rest;
Aspirin: Reye's Syndrome
4-12 weeks
Pulse ox; Peak expiratory flow; spirometry

20. Stridor
Abnormal high pitched caused by blockage in upper airway; usually heard with with inspiration
Rhinovirus - influenza - parainfluenza
Augementin 2000/124 mg bid for 5-7 days - Peds: 90 mg/kg/day po in divided doses
HEENT: rhinoscopy - sinus tenderness - lymphnodes - transillumination of sinuses - CV and PULM.

21. What is most common age range for otitis?
Hardher and more turbulent
Ipratroprium bromide (e.g. Atrovent); Antihistamines (Cargeul not to overly dry out muscos)
Amoxicillin 1000 mg TID x7 days; Augmentin 2000/125mg BID x7 days
3 months to 3 years old

22. Cheyne-stokes
Palpation: chest wall for tenderness; tactile fremitus - asymmetric chest wall expansion; Percussion: resonant vs. tympany vs dullness; Auscultation: cough or adventious sounds - lung sounds - pleural friction rubs
Erythmatous auditory canal - crusting
Apena alternating with hyperpnea;
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate

23. Rhinitis
Inflammation of the nasal cavity
Measures speed of exhalation; results measure by age and weight
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall
Hardher and more turbulent

24. 1st line treatment for bacterial sinusitis?
Augementin 2000/124 mg bid for 5-7 days - Peds: 90 mg/kg/day po in divided doses
Severe dyspnea when lying supine with associated wheezing and coughing - need to sit up abruptly due to severe dyspnea
Nasal congestion - HA - sinus pain - fever - sore throat - cough
Hardher and more turbulent

25. Respiratory Examination (Observation)
Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day x7 days; Augmentin 90/6.4 mg/kg/day x7 days
Persistent or relapse of infection - chronic sinusitis - fungal infection - extension in CNS (meningitis - orbital cellulitis - osteitis)
E. coli
Rate; pattern (regular or irregular); effort (labored - accessory muscles)

26. Rhinosinusitis physical exam?
Deep - snoring sound; indicates fluid or narrowing of airways; common in bronchitis and COPD
HEENT: rhinoscopy - sinus tenderness - lymphnodes - transillumination of sinuses - CV and PULM.
Step. pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; group B-strep
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall

27. Respiratory Illness Key Points (3)
Inflammation of the nasal cavity
Is the process upper or lower respiratory system - or both? Is the diagnostic workup necessary or can you initiate empiric treatment? Are antibiotics indicated?If so which ones and for how long? Can this patient be treated in the outpatients setting
High pitched voice sound due to transmission of noise across fluid. Indicative of effusion.
Amoxicillin 1000 mg TID x7 days; Augmentin 2000/125mg BID x7 days

28. Kussmal's respiration
Rate; pattern (regular or irregular); effort (labored - accessory muscles)
Persistent or relapse of infection - chronic sinusitis - fungal infection - extension in CNS (meningitis - orbital cellulitis - osteitis)
Deep - rapid - labored - breathing
NSAIDs for aches - fever; Sympathomimetics: pseudophedrine or phenylephrine

29. Vesicular breath sounds...
Soft sounds in and out
Afebrile viral infection of the the nose - paranasal sinuses - throat - larynx - trachea - and and bronchi.
Apena alternating with hyperpnea;
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])

30. What is the most common pathogen for otitis in newborns?
E. coli
Bacterial infection
High pitched voice sound due to transmission of noise across fluid. Indicative of effusion.
Is the process upper or lower respiratory system - or both? Is the diagnostic workup necessary or can you initiate empiric treatment? Are antibiotics indicated?If so which ones and for how long? Can this patient be treated in the outpatients setting

31. Cold incubation period
92-100%
Rebound congestion 3-5 days
24-72 hrs
Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day x7 days; Augmentin 90/6.4 mg/kg/day x7 days

32. What are the symptoms of otitis?
Viral inoculation > viral rhinitis > infection of paranasal sinuses > inflammation & edema > mucosal edema - copious secretions - ciliary dyskinesia > sinus congestions and/or obstruction
Ear ache - dullness - hearing loss - fever - N/V/D
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day x7 days; Augmentin 90/6.4 mg/kg/day x7 days

33. Which Rx should not be used for viral URI?
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate
Aspirin: increases viral shedding
Deep - snoring sound; indicates fluid or narrowing of airways; common in bronchitis and COPD
Increased loudness of whispering during auscultation. Indicative of consolidation.

34. Orthopnea
Oflaxicin 0.3% solution BID
High pitched sounds; can occur during inspiration or expiration; indicates narrow airways; can occur with asthma - COPD - pneumonia - CHF
Warm - humid environment; rest;
Dyspnea when supine - relived by sitting or standing

35. Special cases of sinusitis?
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
Persistent or relapse of infection - chronic sinusitis - fungal infection - extension in CNS (meningitis - orbital cellulitis - osteitis)
Nasal congestion - HA - sinus pain - fever - sore throat - cough
Decongestants (oxymetazoline); glucocorticoids (e.g. fluticasone); mucolytics (e.g. guaifensin)

36. Tx for adult AOM?
Rebound congestion 3-5 days
Labs: CBC - blood gas - d-dimer - CMP - BNP - Chest CT - MRI
Palpation: chest wall for tenderness; tactile fremitus - asymmetric chest wall expansion; Percussion: resonant vs. tympany vs dullness; Auscultation: cough or adventious sounds - lung sounds - pleural friction rubs
Amoxicillin 1000 mg TID x7 days; Augmentin 2000/125mg BID x7 days

37. Subacute rhino-sinusitis duration of symptoms?
Is the process upper or lower respiratory system - or both? Is the diagnostic workup necessary or can you initiate empiric treatment? Are antibiotics indicated?If so which ones and for how long? Can this patient be treated in the outpatients setting
Labs: CBC - blood gas - d-dimer - CMP - BNP - Chest CT - MRI
4-12 weeks
Nasal polyps - deviated septum - hx of trauma - surgery - foreign bodies or recent altitude changes

38. Pulmonary diagnostics (1)
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ
Aspirin: increases viral shedding
Persistent; recurrent x4/yr; severe HA; altered mental status
Chest-X-Ray: (ABCDEFG) Airways and lung fields; bone and soft tissue - cardiac contour and mediastinum; diaphragms and costophrenic angles; exam technique; foreign bodies - tubes - and wires; gastric air bubble

39. Acute rhino-sinusitis duration of symptoms?
<4 weeks
E. coli
Palpation: chest wall for tenderness; tactile fremitus - asymmetric chest wall expansion; Percussion: resonant vs. tympany vs dullness; Auscultation: cough or adventious sounds - lung sounds - pleural friction rubs
Abnormal high pitched caused by blockage in upper airway; usually heard with with inspiration

40. What is the most common pahtogen for otitis media?
Clubbing - Use of accessory muscles - barrel chest
Step. pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; group B-strep
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])

41. Additional pulmonary diagnostics
Labs: CBC - blood gas - d-dimer - CMP - BNP - Chest CT - MRI
Step. pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; group B-strep
Deep - snoring sound; indicates fluid or narrowing of airways; common in bronchitis and COPD
Chest-X-Ray: (ABCDEFG) Airways and lung fields; bone and soft tissue - cardiac contour and mediastinum; diaphragms and costophrenic angles; exam technique; foreign bodies - tubes - and wires; gastric air bubble

42. Acute viral rhino-sinusitis (AVRS) pathogens?
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ
Abnormal high pitched caused by blockage in upper airway; usually heard with with inspiration
Chest-X-Ray: (ABCDEFG) Airways and lung fields; bone and soft tissue - cardiac contour and mediastinum; diaphragms and costophrenic angles; exam technique; foreign bodies - tubes - and wires; gastric air bubble
Rhinovirus - influenza - parainfluenza

43. Acute otitis media
>12 weeks
Erythmatous auditory canal - crusting
PE: rhinoscopy with otoscope
Bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear (secondary to URI [e.g. eustachian tube dysfunction])

44. Pathophysiology of rhino sinusitis?
Purulent discharge - post nasal draiange; cough; sinus pressure - tooth pain; halitosis (changes in taste); alterations of smell
E. coli
Viral inoculation > viral rhinitis > infection of paranasal sinuses > inflammation & edema > mucosal edema - copious secretions - ciliary dyskinesia > sinus congestions and/or obstruction
Deep - rapid - labored - breathing

45. Bronchial breath sounds...
Palpation: chest wall for tenderness; tactile fremitus - asymmetric chest wall expansion; Percussion: resonant vs. tympany vs dullness; Auscultation: cough or adventious sounds - lung sounds - pleural friction rubs
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate
Symptomatic (steam; nasal irrigation); APAP for pain.
Hardher and more turbulent

46. Rx for rhinorrhea and/or allergies?
Chest-X-Ray: (ABCDEFG) Airways and lung fields; bone and soft tissue - cardiac contour and mediastinum; diaphragms and costophrenic angles; exam technique; foreign bodies - tubes - and wires; gastric air bubble
Increased breath sounds or voice remains loud at the periphery during auscultation. Indicative of consolidation.
<4 weeks
Ipratroprium bromide (e.g. Atrovent); Antihistamines (Cargeul not to overly dry out muscos)

47. Alternative rx for bacterial sinusitis?
High pitched sounds; can occur during inspiration or expiration; indicates narrow airways; can occur with asthma - COPD - pneumonia - CHF
HEENT: rhinoscopy - sinus tenderness - lymphnodes - transillumination of sinuses - CV and PULM.
Macrolides (azithormycin); Doxycycline; TMZ-SMZ
Step. pneumoniae; Haemophilus influenzae; group B-strep

48. What are physical exam findings of AOM?
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall
Persistent; recurrent x4/yr; severe HA; altered mental status
Oflaxicin 0.3% solution BID
TM erythmatous - bulging - light reflex displaced - exudate

49. Symptoms of viral rhinosinusitis
Rebound congestion 3-5 days
Sore throat; nasal congestion; sections mucopurulent/clear; fullness in sinuses and ears; low grade fever; peaks 3-5 days; occasional cough; itchy nose - eyes - throat;
Purulent discharge - post nasal draiange; cough; sinus pressure - tooth pain; halitosis (changes in taste); alterations of smell
Dyspnea when supine - relived by sitting or standing

50. What does mucopurulent indications not indicate?
Assess how fast a patient can expire in a second (FEV1) - FEV is the amount of air that normal lung can hold - FEV1 is reduced in asthma and COPD - FEV is reduced when there is restriction of the chest wall
Augementin 2000/124 mg bid for 5-7 days - Peds: 90 mg/kg/day po in divided doses
Bacterial infection
NSAIDs for aches - fever; Sympathomimetics: pseudophedrine or phenylephrine