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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

2. What are the 100BASE-FX connectors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
IEEE 802.3ab
SC or MT-RJ
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
The Punt adjacency

3. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control

4. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

5. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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6. What is CSMA/CD?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

7. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP

8. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
Forwarding Information Base
The Punt adjacency

9. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
IEEE 802.3u

10. What information is stored in CAM?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

11. What are the administrative modes of Layer 2 switched interfaces?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic

12. What is 100BASE-TX?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

13. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
SC or MT-RJ
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

14. What is a SVI?
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
25 metres
Creating the VLAN
The Drop adjacency

15. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
40 km
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding

16. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
CEF glean
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

17. What is 1000BASE-X?
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld

18. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
IEEE 802.3z
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap

19. When should CEF be disabled?
Tunnel
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

20. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
300 seconds
Routing table and ARP table
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

21. What are the operational modes of a Layer 2 switched interface?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Half duplex
SC or MT-RJ
The CEF entry version number

22. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Store-and-forward
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

23. What is ANSI?
American National Standards Institute
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Trunk
The Discard adjacency

24. What is 1000BASE-SX?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

25. What is WWDM?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
SC or MT-RJ
The Null adjacency
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

26. What are runts?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Dynamic

27. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 forwarding engine?
The adjacency table
FIB with adjacency table
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel

28. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Native routed interface

29. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
IEEE 802.3
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

30. Creates a switched virtual interface (SVI) and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Full duplex
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

31. How is link speed determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)

32. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

33. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
On
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

34. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
15 metres
Security and QoS ACLs

35. What happens to subsequent packets destined for FIB entries in CEF glean state?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

36. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

37. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
The CEF entry version number
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

38. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
Half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
40 km

39. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

40. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
Forwarding Information Base
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

41. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IGMP access list?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

42. What is full duplex operation?
Dynamic
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

43. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific subnet
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets

44. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 engine?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Routing table and ARP table
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

45. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
The Null adjacency
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Creating the VLAN
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+

46. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific interface
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
10 km
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
On

47. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
10 km
Half duplex
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

48. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
The Drop adjacency
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)

49. What is half duplex operation?

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50. What is Fast EtherChannel (FEC)?
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch#show cef drop
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp

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