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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
Dynamic
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

2. What is WWDM?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

3. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
300 seconds
The Discard adjacency
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

4. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Half duplex
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Half duplex
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

5. When are mode-conditioning patch leads required with 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers?
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

6. What is CSMA/CD?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

7. What is 100BASE-TX?
Security and QoS ACLs
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
40 km
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

8. When do collisions occur?
SC or MT-RJ
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
100 metres
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium

9. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
300 seconds
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

10. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information

11. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
The CEF entry version number
Half duplex
Forwarding Information Base
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)

12. What is 1000BASE-X?
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Tunnel
Half duplex

13. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)

14. How is the TCAM organised?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

15. What is LAN PHY used for?
10 km
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

16. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
IEEE 802.3

17. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Tunnel

18. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
IEEE 802.3
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

19. What is a ternary combination?

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20. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Trunk
Switch#show errdisable detect
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Tunnel

21. What are GigaStack GBICs used for?
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T

22. Changes an interface to a layer 3 interface and erases all layer 2 interface configurations
On
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]

23. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

24. Displays static CAM table entries
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Off

25. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
On
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

26. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

27. What is the timer range for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

28. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
Cisco Express Forwarding
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
The adjacency table
CEF punt

29. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
25 metres
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Static access or trunk

30. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Trunk or dynamic
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
IEEE 802.3u

31. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Half duplex
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated

32. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
In TCAM Value entries
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
15 metres

33. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
10 km
IEEE 802.3z

34. Displays the contents of the CAM table
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

35. What is 100BASE-T4?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
In TCAM Value entries
The CEF entry version number

36. Displays a list of all interfaces in an error-disabled state
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Half duplex

37. What is TCAM?
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Security and QoS ACLs

38. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
The CEF epoch number
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

39. Creates a switched virtual interface (SVI) and enters interface configuration mode
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
In TCAM Value entries

40. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
SVI or native routed interface

41. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
CEF glean

42. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
Full duplex only
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
25 metres
The CEF entry version number

43. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)

44. What is 1000BASE-SX?
FIB with adjacency table
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled

45. What is half duplex operation?

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46. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Forwarding Information Base
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

47. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

48. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an ICMP access list?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Trunk

49. Removes entries from the CAM table
IEEE 802.3u
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

50. What CEF optimisation technique cache FIB entries in switch line cards?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Route caching and topology based
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
The adjacency table