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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
SVI or native routed interface

2. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Half duplex
Cisco Express Forwarding
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

3. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
IEEE 802.3u
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

4. Resets the configuration of a switch port to its default values
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Security and QoS ACLs

5. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Tunnel

6. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Multilayer Switching

7. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium

8. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
IEEE 802.3
Security and QoS ACLs
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Half duplex

9. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic

10. What is the standard for 1000BASE-T?
IEEE 802.3ab
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
The adjacency table
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

11. What is LAN PHY used for?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
The Punt adjacency
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

12. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

13. What are the administrative modes of Layer 2 switched interfaces?
Switch#show cef drop
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

14. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch#show errdisable recovery
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
15 metres

15. What are the common cabling specifications for Fast Ethernet?
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
The Punt adjacency
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

16. Disables CEF operation globally
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
In TCAM Value entries
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Switch(config)#no ip cef

17. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
Tunnel
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
SC or MT-RJ
IEEE 802.3u

18. How are ternary combinations implemented?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

19. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

20. What connectors can be used with GBIC modules?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Forwarding Information Base
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet

21. What are the supported duplex mode settings for Gigabit Ethernet on Cisco switches?
Trunk
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Full duplex only
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}

22. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
Tunnel
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

23. How do Layer 2 switches provide isolation between hosts?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF

24. What is CEF?
IEEE 802.3u
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Cisco Express Forwarding

25. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
In TCAM Value entries

26. What are the reasons for packets being dropped by CEF?
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

27. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Static access

28. Displays dynamic CAM table entries
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic

29. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific subnet
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}

30. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
The adjacency table
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

31. What is the name of physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Collision domain

32. What is LOU?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Logical Operation Unit

33. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
Store-and-forward
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

34. What is ANSI?
American National Standards Institute
40 km
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
SVI

35. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure

36. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
25 metres
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

37. Creates an interface-range macro
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

38. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

39. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Logical Operation Unit
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long

40. Where is source and destination addresses and other relevant protocol information for access lists stored in the TCAM table?
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
In TCAM Value entries
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

41. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IP access list?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Static access or dynamic
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

42. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Static access
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

43. What is a SVI?
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX

44. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
SVI or native routed interface
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
On
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

45. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
Store-and-forward
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

46. What is EMI?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Electromagnetic Interference
The Layer 3 engine
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)

47. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Collision domain
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
SVI or native routed interface
SVI

48. What is 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

49. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific interface
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
On

50. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
Routing table and ARP table
SVI
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Multilayer Switching

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