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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

2. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback

3. What is IEEE?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
LOU registers
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

4. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
300 seconds
Static access or trunk

5. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

6. What are the operational modes of a Layer 2 switched interface?
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel

7. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
10 km
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

8. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
25 metres
IEEE 802.3ab
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel

9. What is 100BASE-TX?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Full duplex
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

10. Enables error-disable detection
Native routed interface
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}

11. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Route caching and topology based
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

12. What are GigaStack GBICs used for?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

13. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Routing table and ARP table
IEEE 802.3
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

14. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
Routing table and ARP table
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
SVI

15. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Static access or dynamic

16. What connectors can be used with SFP modules?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Switch#show interfaces status

17. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)

18. What is 100BASE-T2?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}

19. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
IEEE 802.3u
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

20. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]

21. What are the 100BASE-FX connectors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
CEF glean
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
SC or MT-RJ

22. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

23. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

24. Enables error-disable when an STP BPDU is received from a root bridge on an unexpected port
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard

25. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

26. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

27. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
40 km
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
The Punt adjacency

28. What is CEF?
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Switch#show cef drop
Cisco Express Forwarding
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation

29. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
CEF glean
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

30. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
The CEF entry version number
Half duplex

31. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
The Punt adjacency
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

32. Enables error-disable for errors related to 802.1x security
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

33. What is a ternary combination?

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34. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error

35. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
15 metres
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config)#no ip cef

36. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
Logical Operation Unit
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
The Layer 3 engine
American National Standards Institute

37. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
300 seconds
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF

38. What is 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
The Punt adjacency
Full duplex

39. What are the reasons for packets being punted by CEF?
Forwarding Information Base
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure

40. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Off
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

41. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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42. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
The Null adjacency
Store-and-forward

43. What is LAN PHY used for?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Interconnecting switches in a campus network

44. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
In TCAM Value entries
The Punt adjacency
Switch#show errdisable recovery

45. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 forwarding engine?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

46. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Static access

47. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
On
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)

48. What is 10BASE-T?
25 metres
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

49. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
300 seconds
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Store-and-forward

50. What is CSMA/CD?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed

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Ethernet Technologies

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