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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
SVI or native routed interface
Logical Operation Unit
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

2. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the transceiver wavelengths?
IEEE 802.3ae
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

3. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
The adjacency table

4. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

5. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

6. What packets are immediately sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?

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7. What is half duplex operation?

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8. What are the administrative modes of Layer 2 switched interfaces?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Half duplex
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

9. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control

10. What information is recorded in CAM as frames arrive on a switch port?
The Discard adjacency
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

11. Selects an interface-range macro and enters interface configuration mode
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}

12. Enables error-disable for when the port link state is flapping between the up and down states
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Collision domain
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

13. Adds a description to an interface configuration
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

14. What is an interface-range macro?
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
IEEE 802.3ae

15. How is link speed determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error

16. What is the state of packets that are sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine because of missing Layer 2 next-hop addresses?
CEF glean
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3u
Tunnel

17. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
Switch#show interfaces status
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Static access
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter

18. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
The Layer 3 engine
Trunk

19. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
Forwarding Information Base
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
IEEE 802.3z
Trunk

20. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
10 km

21. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex

22. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

23. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
10 km
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

24. Displays the entire Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
10 km
Half duplex
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch#show ip cef

25. What is 100BASE-FX?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Security and QoS ACLs
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)

26. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
CEF glean
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Half duplex

27. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Switch#show errdisable detect
10 km
Static access
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium

28. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX

29. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3u
Full duplex
Static access
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)

30. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
10 km
Dynamic
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

31. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an ICMP access list?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
On
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

32. Where is source and destination addresses and other relevant protocol information for access lists stored in the TCAM table?
In TCAM Value entries
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Switch#show interfaces status
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

33. Disables CEF operation globally
40 km
Switch(config)#no ip cef
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
The Punt adjacency

34. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
The adjacency table
Logical Operation Unit
On
The Drop adjacency

35. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Full duplex only
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

36. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

37. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Switch(config-if)#description {string}

38. Enables error-disable when an interface has been looped back
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

39. What are the 1000BASE-X transceiver module form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex

40. When should CEF be disabled?
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
CEF punt
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

41. Changes an interface to a layer 3 interface and erases all layer 2 interface configurations
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Full duplex

42. What are runts?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time

43. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
40 km
Full duplex
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

44. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Security and QoS ACLs

45. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
300 seconds
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
The Null adjacency

46. What is the standard for 1000BASE-T?
IEEE 802.3ab
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

47. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)

48. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
American National Standards Institute
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Native routed interface
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

49. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
The CEF epoch number

50. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
Dynamic
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap