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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

2. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an extended IP access list using TCP/UDP?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

3. Displays administrative and operational status for a specified interface
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Half duplex
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

4. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

5. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Static access
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

6. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

7. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
SVI
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Store-and-forward

8. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

9. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
40 km
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

10. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IP access list?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

11. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the transceiver wavelengths?
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Logical Operation Unit
40 km
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

12. What are runts?
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
15 metres
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

13. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Static access
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)

14. What is error-disable state?
The Layer 3 engine
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

15. Adds a description to an interface configuration
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
300 seconds
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}

16. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+

17. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger port security configured on a port
Switch#show ip cef
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Dynamic
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

18. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

19. What are the supported duplex mode settings for Gigabit Ethernet on Cisco switches?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Full duplex only
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}

20. Displays interface configuration information
IEEE 802.3z
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}

21. What is a SVI?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Half duplex
SC or MT-RJ

22. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the PHY type?
The Null adjacency
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}

23. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Trunk
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Dynamic

24. What are the 1000BASE-X transceiver module form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Route caching and topology based
The adjacency table
Switch#show cef drop

25. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

26. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

27. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
15 metres
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}

28. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Creating the VLAN
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

29. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
CEF glean

30. Disables a switch port
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

31. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Static access or dynamic
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

32. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Trunk or dynamic
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
The Drop adjacency

33. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]

34. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
The Discard adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

35. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Switch#show cef drop
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Interconnecting switches in a campus network

36. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
300 seconds
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

37. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

38. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Half duplex
The Null adjacency
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}

39. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
IEEE 802.3u
SVI
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel

40. Enables error-disable when an STP BPDU is received from a root bridge on an unexpected port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
The CEF epoch number
Switch#show interfaces {interface}

41. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

42. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
LOU registers
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate

43. What is TCAM overflow?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Route caching and topology based
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

44. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
300 seconds
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
The Drop adjacency

45. Displays CEF adjacency table information
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

46. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

47. What is LOU?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Logical Operation Unit
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config)#no ip cef

48. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
300 seconds
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Half duplex

49. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
IEEE 802.3z
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets

50. What is IEEE?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Collision domain
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

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