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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
Cisco Express Forwarding
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
The adjacency table
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

2. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
The Punt adjacency
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
IEEE 802.3u
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

3. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

4. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Creating the VLAN
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
SC or MT-RJ

5. What is 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Switch#show interfaces status

6. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

7. What denotes the number of times a CEF entry has been updated since the CEF table was created?
The CEF entry version number
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
IEEE 802.3u

8. What are the reasons for packets being punted by CEF?
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control

9. What is WAN PHY used for?
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid

10. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3ab
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end

11. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

12. What combinations are TCAM entries composed of?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

13. What is 1000BASE-X?
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Full duplex
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
The Null adjacency

14. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
The CEF entry version number
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit

15. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

16. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
The Punt adjacency
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

17. Displays error-disabled detection status
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
10 km
The Layer 3 engine
Switch#show errdisable detect

18. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
The Discard adjacency
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

19. What are the administrative modes of Layer 2 switched interfaces?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
American National Standards Institute
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

20. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

21. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
American National Standards Institute

22. When should CEF be disabled?
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Native routed interface
On
The Null adjacency

23. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}

24. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache

25. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

26. What is 100BASE-T2?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Tunnel

27. Enables error-disable for errors when assigning a port to a dynamic VLAN through a VMPS
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
LOU registers
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

28. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Electromagnetic Interference
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Creating the VLAN

29. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Static access or trunk
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

30. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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31. What packets are immediately sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?

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32. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

33. Removes entries from the CAM table
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
300 seconds

34. Displays static CAM table entries
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
In TCAM Value entries
Switch#show errdisable detect

35. What denotes the number of times the CEF table has been flushed and regenerated as a whole?
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
The CEF epoch number
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
In TCAM Value entries

36. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger port security configured on a port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Store-and-forward
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

37. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

38. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Tunnel
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

39. How are ternary combinations implemented?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
The Null adjacency
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

40. What information is stored in CAM?
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

41. When do collisions occur?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)

42. How does topology based switching work?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch#show ip cef
Off
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

43. What is the timer range for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Switch#show interfaces {interface}

44. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
The Layer 3 engine
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
The Punt adjacency

45. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
Static access or trunk
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
The Punt adjacency
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef

46. What is the default timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
300 seconds
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Tunnel

47. What is 1000BASE-SX?
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)

48. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

49. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
Creating the VLAN
Static access or trunk

50. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance