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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Native routed interface
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX

2. Displays dynamic CAM table entries
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Full duplex
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

3. What is TCAM?
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
On
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

4. What is 100BASE-FX?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error

5. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

6. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

7. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

8. What information is stored in CAM?
The Punt adjacency
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Collision domain
FIB with adjacency table

9. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
SVI
10 km
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)

10. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
10 km
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)

11. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Native routed interface
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

12. Disables a switch port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
25 metres
Native routed interface

13. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Tunnel

14. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
In TCAM Value entries
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

15. What is a ternary combination?

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16. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Static access or trunk
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
IEEE 802.3u
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

17. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
Off
IEEE 802.3u
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
300 seconds

18. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

19. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex

20. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
10 km

21. What is the default timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
300 seconds
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]

22. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

23. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 engine?
Routing table and ARP table
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Off
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding

24. How are ternary combinations implemented?
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
American National Standards Institute
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
IEEE 802.3

25. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
Trunk or dynamic
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

26. Displays CEF adjacency table information
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Full duplex

27. What are the common cabling specifications for Fast Ethernet?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Trunk or dynamic

28. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
The Punt adjacency
The CEF epoch number

29. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Native routed interface
Switch#show cef drop
SVI
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

30. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

31. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
In TCAM Value entries
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition

32. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Off

33. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 forwarding engine?
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
FIB with adjacency table
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

34. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Store-and-forward
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Off

35. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
The Punt adjacency
Distributed CEF (dCEF)

36. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
10 km
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

37. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
SVI
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

38. What is the default duplex mode of a Gigabit Ethernet interface?
Full duplex
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap

39. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
On
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

40. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

41. What is the name of physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent?
Collision domain
100 metres
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
The Null adjacency

42. What connectors can be used with SFP modules?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

43. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
On
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

44. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
SVI or native routed interface
Security and QoS ACLs

45. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

46. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
CEF glean
Switch(config)#no ip cef
15 metres
The Drop adjacency

47. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

48. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Route caching and topology based
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Static access or dynamic

49. What are the reasons for packets being dropped by CEF?
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Routing table and ARP table
IEEE 802.3u
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error

50. What is the name of a Layer 3 physical interface on a switch?
IEEE 802.3u
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Native routed interface
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)