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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is IEEE?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

2. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45

3. What denotes the number of times the CEF table has been flushed and regenerated as a whole?
The CEF epoch number
Collision domain
The Layer 3 engine
Switch#show errdisable recovery

4. What is 100BASE-TX?
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef

5. Displays static CAM table entries
Static access or dynamic
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
CEF glean
Switch(config)#no ip cef

6. What is the timer range for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
FIB with adjacency table
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

7. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Off
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch#show cef drop

8. Resets the configuration of a switch port to its default values
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Tunnel
Static access
40 km

9. Creates a switched virtual interface (SVI) and enters interface configuration mode
Forwarding Information Base
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
IEEE 802.3ae

10. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Full duplex only
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

11. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
15 metres
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

12. What is CSMA/CD?
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
300 seconds
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

13. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
IEEE 802.3z
FIB with adjacency table

14. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Route caching and topology based
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation

15. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
On
The Null adjacency
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef

16. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
Security and QoS ACLs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
The Layer 3 engine

17. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
CEF glean
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

18. What is unknown unicast flooding?
The CEF entry version number
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
The Discard adjacency

19. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
IEEE 802.3z
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Switch(config)#no ip cef

20. What are the 1000BASE-X transceiver module form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

21. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
300 seconds

22. Enables error-disable when an STP BPDU is received from a root bridge on an unexpected port
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
25 metres
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time

23. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Trunk
Switch#show cef drop
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

24. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
IEEE 802.3ab

25. Displays the entire Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show ip cef
Logical Operation Unit
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

26. What is error-disable state?
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Static access or dynamic

27. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
25 metres
Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap

28. What is the default timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
300 seconds
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel

29. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
On

30. Sets the administrative mode of a switch port to access
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

31. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

32. What is LOU?
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Logical Operation Unit
Security and QoS ACLs
FIB with adjacency table

33. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

34. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Multilayer Switching
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

35. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

36. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an ICMP access list?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback

37. What is 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Trunk
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition

38. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
The Discard adjacency
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+

39. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
IEEE 802.3ab
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
The Discard adjacency

40. What information is stored in CAM?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
SVI or native routed interface

41. Displays dynamic CAM table entries
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

42. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Static access or trunk
Switch#show errdisable recovery
The CEF epoch number
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate

43. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

44. What packets are immediately sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?

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45. What is CAM?
Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state

46. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

47. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

48. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
The Layer 3 engine
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
The CEF entry version number

49. Disables CEF operation globally
Collision domain
The Drop adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Switch(config)#no ip cef

50. What is 100BASE-FX?
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
On
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

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