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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
Cisco Express Forwarding
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
15 metres
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

2. What connectors can be used with GBIC modules?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
The Discard adjacency
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

3. What is FIB?
Forwarding Information Base
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

4. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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5. What is 10GBASE-X?
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Trunk or dynamic
Creating the VLAN
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

6. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Tunnel
American National Standards Institute
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

7. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
American National Standards Institute
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
The adjacency table

8. Displays the entire Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
Trunk
Switch#show ip cef
The CEF entry version number
Logical Operation Unit

9. When should CEF be disabled?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

10. Creates an interface-range macro
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Logical Operation Unit
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
The Layer 3 engine

11. What is the default duplex mode of a Gigabit Ethernet interface?
25 metres
Full duplex
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
Cisco Express Forwarding

12. What mechanism does the TCAM provide for Layer 4 comparisons involving gt - lt - neq or range operators?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
LOU registers

13. How are ternary combinations implemented?
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch#show errdisable detect
300 seconds
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

14. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
10GbE operates only at full duplex

15. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
Full duplex
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
LOU registers
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

16. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the transceiver wavelengths?
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)

17. What combinations are TCAM entries composed of?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
The Null adjacency
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

18. What are the classes of Physical Media Dependent (PMD) interfaces defined by IEEE 802.3ae?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

19. What denotes the number of times the CEF table has been flushed and regenerated as a whole?
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
The CEF epoch number

20. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

21. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
Trunk or dynamic
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

22. What is a ternary combination?

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23. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
15 metres
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

24. What information is stored in TCAM?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Security and QoS ACLs

25. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Creating the VLAN
SC or MT-RJ

26. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Trunk
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
FIB with adjacency table

27. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

28. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Static access
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

29. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

30. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
The Discard adjacency
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

31. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

32. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Switch#show errdisable detect

33. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
Switch#show cef drop
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

34. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Half duplex
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex

35. Displays CEF adjacency table information
Tunnel
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Static access
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

36. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
SVI
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled

37. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
Forwarding Information Base
The Layer 3 engine
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
40 km

38. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
On
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)

39. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
100 metres
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
On

40. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
The Punt adjacency
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp

41. Enables error-disable when an STP BPDU is received from a root bridge on an unexpected port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated

42. What is half duplex operation?

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43. What fields are rewritten in hardware before a Layer 3 packet is switched to the to egress queue of a multilayer switch?
Native routed interface
Collision domain
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

44. What is WAN PHY used for?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
IEEE 802.3z
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache

45. What is the standard for 1000BASE-T?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
IEEE 802.3ab
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

46. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
LOU registers
Security and QoS ACLs
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

47. Enables error-disable when trunking encapsulation is flapping from one type to another
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Half duplex
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

48. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Dynamic
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

49. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IP access list?
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
On
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

50. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Tunnel
15 metres
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
CEF punt

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