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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the operational modes of a Layer 2 switched interface?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}

2. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
IEEE 802.3z
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

3. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
40 km

4. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
15 metres
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
The Null adjacency
Half duplex

5. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Off
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

6. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

7. What is EMI?
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

8. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Multilayer Switching
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Cisco Express Forwarding
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

9. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate

10. When do collisions occur?
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

11. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
Switch#show interfaces status
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

12. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Trunk

13. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}

14. What is ANSI?
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
American National Standards Institute
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

15. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

16. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

17. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Off

18. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
Creating the VLAN
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
IEEE 802.3ae

19. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

20. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

21. Disables a switch port
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
IEEE 802.3z
Half duplex
40 km

22. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Full duplex

23. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

24. How are MAC addresses shown in the detailed output from the CEF adjacency table?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Dynamic
100 metres

25. Changes an interface to a layer 3 interface and erases all layer 2 interface configurations
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Static access or dynamic

26. Resets the configuration of a switch port to its default values
Static access or dynamic
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}

27. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

28. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Tunnel

29. Displays the CAM table size with number of MAC addresses
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Content-Addressable Memory

30. What is TCAM overflow?
The Layer 3 engine
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

31. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Off
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
10 km

32. What is 100BASE-FX?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)

33. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
The Drop adjacency
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Trunk or dynamic
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

34. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
The CEF entry version number

35. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
SVI
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

36. What is half duplex operation?

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37. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
FIB with adjacency table
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
IEEE 802.3u

38. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch#show cef drop
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T

39. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control

40. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

41. What is CAM?
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Content-Addressable Memory
Full duplex

42. What is 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

43. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Tunnel
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

44. What is CSMA/CD?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Off
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

45. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger port security configured on a port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
SVI
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination

46. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the transceiver wavelengths?
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
IEEE 802.3u
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

47. What mechanism does the TCAM provide for Layer 4 comparisons involving gt - lt - neq or range operators?
LOU registers
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

48. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
300 seconds
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
SVI or native routed interface

49. Removes entries from the CAM table
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Half duplex
In TCAM Value entries
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it

50. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
IEEE 802.3u
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance