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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What fields are rewritten in hardware before a Layer 3 packet is switched to the to egress queue of a multilayer switch?
Switch#show interfaces status
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

2. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
10 km
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

3. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
The Drop adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Security and QoS ACLs
25 metres

4. What is 100BASE-T2?
The CEF epoch number
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

5. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood

6. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
Half duplex
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
10GbE operates only at full duplex

7. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

8. What is error-disable state?
Cisco Express Forwarding
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Security and QoS ACLs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood

9. What are the Gigabit Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
LAN PHY and WAN PHY

10. What denotes the number of times a CEF entry has been updated since the CEF table was created?
Full duplex only
The CEF entry version number
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)

11. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
SC or MT-RJ
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet

12. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Switch#show ip cef
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45

13. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch#show cef drop

14. How are ternary combinations implemented?
CEF punt
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

15. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
In TCAM Value entries
Full duplex only
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

16. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
LOU registers
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

17. What is 10BASE-T?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
CEF punt
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling

18. What is EMI?
Electromagnetic Interference
15 metres
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

19. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Forwarding Information Base
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end

20. Creates an interface-range macro
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Tunnel
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

21. What mechanism does the TCAM provide for Layer 4 comparisons involving gt - lt - neq or range operators?
Half duplex
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
LOU registers

22. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Off

23. What is the default duplex mode of a Gigabit Ethernet interface?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Full duplex
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
FIB with adjacency table

24. What is the name of physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent?
Collision domain
Trunk
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

25. What is a ternary combination?

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26. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Dynamic

27. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter

28. What is 1000BASE-SX?
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

29. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Content-Addressable Memory
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

30. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
FIB with adjacency table

31. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Static access
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

32. What is 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
IEEE 802.3u
Switch#show ip cef
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

33. What is CSMA/CD?
Static access or dynamic
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

34. What are the 100BASE-FX connectors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
SC or MT-RJ
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Logical Operation Unit
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T

35. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Dynamic
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

36. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IP access list?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Electromagnetic Interference

37. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
On
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3

38. What is 1000BASE-X?
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Half duplex

39. What is an interface-range macro?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

40. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
SVI or native routed interface
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
25 metres

41. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
10 km

42. Displays the contents of the CAM table
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

43. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
15 metres
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

44. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 engine?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Routing table and ARP table
300 seconds

45. What are the classes of Physical Media Dependent (PMD) interfaces defined by IEEE 802.3ae?
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
American National Standards Institute

46. When do collisions occur?
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}

47. What is 1000BASE-CX?
Half duplex
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
10 km
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

48. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LR/LW?
10 km
15 metres
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

49. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Trunk
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

50. What is 100BASE-TX?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)

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