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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
The Discard adjacency
15 metres

2. What are the operational modes of a Layer 2 switched interface?
Tunnel
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid

3. What is CAM?
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Content-Addressable Memory
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

4. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
10 km

5. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
The CEF epoch number
Store-and-forward
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

6. What is TCAM?
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

7. What is ANSI?
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
SVI or native routed interface
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
American National Standards Institute

8. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
CEF glean

9. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
SVI or native routed interface
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
IEEE 802.3

10. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Switch#show interfaces status
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

11. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

12. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used

13. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
Off
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

14. What is TCAM overflow?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
10 km
Switch#show interfaces {interface}

15. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Static access or trunk
40 km
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

16. What connectors can be used with SFP modules?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
The CEF epoch number
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Route caching and topology based

17. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Multilayer Switching

18. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Forwarding Information Base

19. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
The Drop adjacency
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

20. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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21. What is 1000BASE-SX?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

22. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
100 metres
Security and QoS ACLs

23. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

24. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
Electromagnetic Interference
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
100 metres

25. How does topology based switching work?
15 metres
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

26. Enables error-disable detection
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Tunnel
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

27. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Forwarding Information Base
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

28. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Cisco Express Forwarding

29. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch#show interfaces status

30. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

31. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Dynamic
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Interconnecting switches in a campus network

32. What are the classes of Physical Media Dependent (PMD) interfaces defined by IEEE 802.3ae?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Enable error-disable for all possible causes

33. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Trunk
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config-if)#description {string}

34. What is CEF?
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Cisco Express Forwarding
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap

35. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

36. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

37. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Tunnel
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

38. What is 100BASE-T2?
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
The Layer 3 engine
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

39. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Electromagnetic Interference
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

40. What are the names of the two basic generations of MLS?
Collision domain
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Route caching and topology based

41. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

42. How is the TCAM organised?
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Off
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it

43. What happens to subsequent packets destined for FIB entries in CEF glean state?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch#show ip cef
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

44. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
Creating the VLAN
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Half duplex

45. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
25 metres
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Distributed CEF (dCEF)

46. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
The Null adjacency
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium

47. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

48. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
IEEE 802.3ae

49. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

50. Displays error-disabled recovery timer information
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

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Ethernet Technologies

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