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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How does topology based switching work?
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled

2. What are the 1000BASE-X transceiver module form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Multilayer Switching
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

3. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

4. How are packets marked before being sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
The Punt adjacency
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
CEF punt

5. What CEF optimisation technique cache FIB entries in switch line cards?
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Multilayer Switching

6. What is CEF?
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Cisco Express Forwarding

7. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
Store-and-forward
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

8. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Collision domain
Trunk
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit

9. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
Half duplex
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Native routed interface

10. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate

11. Enables error-disable for errors with dynamic ARP inspection
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

12. What is 100BASE-TX?
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

13. What happens to subsequent packets destined for FIB entries in CEF glean state?
Switch#show interfaces status
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

14. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
The Discard adjacency
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)

15. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Tunnel
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Multilayer Switching
Static access

16. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
The adjacency table

17. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

18. What is the timer range for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Logical Operation Unit
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Cisco Express Forwarding

19. What is FIB?
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Forwarding Information Base
Switch#show ip cef
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)

20. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show interfaces status
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

21. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Full duplex only
Switch#show ip cef
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

22. What is 10BASE-T?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

23. What information is stored in TCAM?
CEF punt
Security and QoS ACLs
Collision domain
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex

24. What is TCAM overflow?
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Full duplex only
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

25. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Half duplex
100 metres

26. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Forwarding Information Base
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Static access or dynamic
Logical Operation Unit

27. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
On

28. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
15 metres

29. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap

30. Enables error-disable when trunking encapsulation is flapping from one type to another
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Full duplex
Creating the VLAN
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

31. What is a ternary combination?

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32. What is an interface-range macro?
FIB with adjacency table
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
40 km
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

33. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)

34. Displays the contents of the CAM table
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

35. What is 1000BASE-X?
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Switch#show cef drop
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Static access or dynamic

36. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Half duplex

37. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
The Null adjacency
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Off

38. What is WWDM?
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

39. What are the common cabling specifications for Fast Ethernet?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
SVI

40. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
SVI or native routed interface
SC or MT-RJ
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

41. What is 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback

42. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)

43. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
Dynamic
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
The adjacency table
The CEF entry version number

44. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)

45. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 engine?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Routing table and ARP table
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)

46. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control

47. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
The CEF epoch number
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
IEEE 802.3u

48. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
IEEE 802.3ab
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Tunnel
IEEE 802.3ae

49. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Creating the VLAN
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Dynamic

50. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Switch#show interfaces status
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex