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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do Layer 2 switches provide isolation between hosts?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Logical Operation Unit
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long

2. Resets the configuration of a switch port to its default values
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

3. What are the 1000BASE-X transceiver module form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
CEF glean
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Cisco Express Forwarding

4. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

5. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
On
Multilayer Switching
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]

6. What is the name of a Layer 3 physical interface on a switch?
Native routed interface
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

7. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
Switch#show interfaces status
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Switch#show errdisable recovery

8. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific interface
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
On
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)

9. What is WAN PHY used for?
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Security and QoS ACLs

10. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the PHY type?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

11. How is the TCAM organised?
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
100 metres
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

12. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Interconnecting switches in a campus network

13. What is WWDM?
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

14. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Switch#show errdisable recovery
IEEE 802.3z
Logical Operation Unit
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

15. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
100 metres
Trunk

16. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Half duplex
FIB with adjacency table
Switch#show interfaces status

17. What is a SVI?
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)

18. Enables error-disable detection
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

19. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
100 metres
Static access or dynamic

20. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
The adjacency table

21. What is FIB?
Switch#show errdisable recovery
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
Forwarding Information Base
The Discard adjacency

22. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

23. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Routing table and ARP table
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

24. What is IEEE?
Switch#show errdisable detect
IEEE 802.3ab
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

25. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

26. What is an interface-range macro?
Content-Addressable Memory
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

27. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

28. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

29. What is 100BASE-T4?
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig

30. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

31. How are MAC addresses shown in the detailed output from the CEF adjacency table?
100 metres
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

32. Creates a switched virtual interface (SVI) and enters interface configuration mode
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Full duplex only
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

33. Displays switch port information for a specified interface
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Logical Operation Unit

34. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

35. What denotes the number of times the CEF table has been flushed and regenerated as a whole?
The CEF epoch number
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Full duplex

36. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
100 metres
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF

37. Selects an interface-range macro and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid

38. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated

39. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

40. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
IEEE 802.3
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

41. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}

42. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
300 seconds

43. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
The Layer 3 engine

44. What is the maximum cabling distance for Ethernet - Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet over UTP cabling?
Tunnel
SVI
100 metres
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

45. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
On
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

46. What are the common cabling specifications for Fast Ethernet?
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Security and QoS ACLs
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

47. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normally?
The Drop adjacency
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Route caching and topology based
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

48. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
On
Collision domain
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Half duplex

49. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
Off
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

50. What is unknown unicast flooding?
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter