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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport

2. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
CEF punt
Switch#show interfaces {interface}

3. What CEF optimisation technique cache FIB entries in switch line cards?
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

4. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Creating the VLAN
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

5. What is CAM?
Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Routing table and ARP table

6. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

7. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

8. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
The Layer 3 engine
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

9. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
Switch#show ip cef
Tunnel
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Dynamic

10. What is 10BASE-T?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
The CEF entry version number
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Tunnel

11. What is a GigaStack GBIC?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
In TCAM Value entries

12. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Creating the VLAN
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}

13. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
40 km
Collision domain
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

14. Displays the entire Forwarding Information Base (FIB)
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Creating the VLAN
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Switch#show ip cef

15. Creates an interface-range macro
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
The Layer 3 engine

16. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
10GbE operates only at full duplex
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

17. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3z
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

18. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
The Drop adjacency
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
IEEE 802.3ab

19. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
The Discard adjacency
Dynamic
100 metres

20. Changes an interface to a layer 3 interface and erases all layer 2 interface configurations
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Switch(config-if)#description {string}

21. What is a SVI?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets

22. Displays the contents of the CAM table
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

23. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation

24. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Static access or trunk
Tunnel
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
On

25. What is EMI?
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
On
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid

26. What is CSMA/CD?
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
LOU registers
IEEE 802.3ab
Content-Addressable Memory

27. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
The adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

28. What is TCAM?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
The Null adjacency
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

29. What information is stored in TCAM?
Security and QoS ACLs
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF

30. What is full duplex operation?
Switch#show interfaces status
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
FIB with adjacency table
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

31. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

32. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
The Layer 3 engine
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information

33. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Multilayer Switching
Tunnel
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself

34. What is CEF?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Cisco Express Forwarding
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet

35. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
SVI
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

36. What is 100BASE-T2?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end

37. Displays error-disabled recovery timer information
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Switch#show errdisable recovery

38. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
15 metres
Tunnel
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

39. What is FIB?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
American National Standards Institute
Forwarding Information Base

40. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
15 metres
Off

41. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
Off
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig

42. How does topology based switching work?
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
300 seconds
Forwarding Information Base

43. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Distributed CEF (dCEF)

44. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
The Null adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

45. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
10GbE operates only at full duplex

46. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
300 seconds
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}

47. What is 1000BASE-ZX?
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)

48. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

49. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Cisco Express Forwarding
The Layer 3 forwarding engine

50. Enables error-disable detection
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
FIB with adjacency table
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch#show interfaces {interface}

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