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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the name of the switching technology where good frames are received - stored for inspection and then forwarded?
On
Store-and-forward
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed

2. Displays interface configuration information
Routing table and ARP table
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Multilayer Switching

3. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
The adjacency table
Switch#show interfaces status
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

4. How are ternary combinations implemented?
Full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

5. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

6. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Creating the VLAN
Dynamic
Security and QoS ACLs

7. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
15 metres
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Electromagnetic Interference

8. What is an interface-range macro?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
300 seconds
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Switched virtual interface (SVI)

9. What is 100BASE-T2?
Switch#show interfaces status
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch#show errdisable detect
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

10. What is a ternary combination?

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11. What is full duplex operation?
Tunnel
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
IEEE 802.3u
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

12. Enables error-disable for when the port link state is flapping between the up and down states
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Content-Addressable Memory

13. How are MAC addresses shown in the detailed output from the CEF adjacency table?
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)

14. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific subnet
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]

15. What are runts?
Switch#show cef drop
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

16. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Forwarding Information Base
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

17. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
SC or MT-RJ

18. Displays CEF Punt statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}

19. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
The CEF entry version number

20. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
40 km
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Forwarding Information Base

21. What are the names of the two basic generations of MLS?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Route caching and topology based
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
Switch#show errdisable recovery

22. What is the default duplex mode of a Gigabit Ethernet interface?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Full duplex
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

23. Enables error-disable when an interface has been looped back
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
IEEE 802.3

24. Disables a switch port
The Layer 3 engine
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Multilayer Switching

25. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger port security configured on a port
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation

26. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
LOU registers
Multilayer Switching
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

27. What is MLS?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Multilayer Switching

28. What are the Gigabit Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Static access
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
10 km

29. What is 100BASE-FX?
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
Content-Addressable Memory

30. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
The Discard adjacency

31. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

32. Sets the administrative mode of a switch port to access
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Cisco Express Forwarding
15 metres

33. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3z
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long

34. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
Collision domain
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
FIB with adjacency table

35. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
IEEE 802.3ab
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets

36. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the PHY type?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Static access or dynamic
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

37. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
American National Standards Institute

38. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Security and QoS ACLs
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

39. Enables error-disable when trunking encapsulation is flapping from one type to another
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
10GbE operates only at full duplex

40. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
40 km
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

41. What is the role of a Route Processor (RP) in first generation MLS?
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

42. What is Fast EtherChannel (FEC)?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Native routed interface
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

43. What is ANSI?
300 seconds
Full duplex only
American National Standards Institute
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access

44. What is 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Static access
On
Native routed interface

45. What is CAM?
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Content-Addressable Memory
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet

46. What are the classes of Physical Media Dependent (PMD) interfaces defined by IEEE 802.3ae?
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
LAN PHY and WAN PHY

47. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
CEF punt
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

48. What is unknown unicast flooding?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

49. What connectors can be used with SFP modules?
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
American National Standards Institute
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45

50. What is a SVI?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Switched virtual interface (SVI)