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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Adds a description to an interface configuration
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Forwarding Information Base
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

2. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Tunnel
Switch(config)#no ip cef

3. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
10 km
On
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

4. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Switch#show cef drop
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)

5. Disables CEF operation on an interface
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
10 km
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef

6. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45

7. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
The Layer 3 engine

8. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
10 km
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Tunnel

9. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
The Layer 3 engine
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it

10. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 forwarding engine?
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

11. What is 100BASE-FX?
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Security and QoS ACLs
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)

12. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Static access or trunk
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Trunk

13. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]

14. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Static access or trunk

15. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

16. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
CEF punt
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

17. What is the default duplex mode of a Gigabit Ethernet interface?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Full duplex
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

18. Displays switch port information for a specified interface
Static access or trunk
On
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Switch#show errdisable recovery

19. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 engine?
Electromagnetic Interference
Routing table and ARP table
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Full duplex only

20. What are the Gigabit Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Trunk
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Cisco Express Forwarding

21. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
The Null adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

22. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Switch#show interfaces status
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}

23. Displays administrative and operational status for a specified interface
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)

24. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific interface
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Trunk
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
IEEE 802.3u

25. What is MLS?
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Multilayer Switching

26. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
The adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Security and QoS ACLs
Static access or dynamic

27. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Off
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it

28. What are the common cabling specifications for Fast Ethernet?
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

29. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

30. What is TCAM overflow?
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
The CEF epoch number
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
The Layer 3 engine

31. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Switch(config)#no ip cef
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45

32. Disables CEF operation globally
SVI
Switch(config)#no ip cef
The adjacency table
Static access or dynamic

33. Adds a static entry to the MAC address table
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}

34. Displays dynamic CAM table entries
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

35. What is 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

36. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
300 seconds

37. Enables error-disable when an interface has been looped back
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

38. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
CEF punt
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX

39. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap

40. What happens when autonegotiating of link duplex mode fails on a Fast Ethernet link?
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
SVI
Switched virtual interface (SVI)

41. Displays CEF adjacency table information
Adjacent MAC address (6 octets); Layer 3 engine MAC address (6 octets); EtherType (2 octets)
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

42. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

43. Displays interface configuration information
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
SVI or native routed interface
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard

44. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as static access?
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Off
The CEF entry version number
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation

45. What is the standard for 1000BASE-T?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
The Drop adjacency
IEEE 802.3ab
Multilayer Switching

46. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
The Discard adjacency
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

47. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
10 km

48. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
40 km
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

49. What technology was merged into the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard to create Gigabit Ethernet?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
CEF punt
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel

50. Removes entries from the CAM table
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

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Ethernet Technologies

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