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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}

2. What is full duplex operation?
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

3. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Trunk
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it

4. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation

5. What is WAN PHY used for?
Full duplex
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks

6. What is 100BASE-FX?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

7. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
The Drop adjacency
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

8. What are the reasons for packets being dropped by CEF?
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+

9. How are packets marked before being sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?
The CEF epoch number
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
CEF punt
Content-Addressable Memory

10. What is 1000BASE-T?
100 metres
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

11. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

12. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
FIB with adjacency table
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Dynamic

13. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
300 seconds
IEEE 802.3ae
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
Static access or dynamic

14. What is TCAM?
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
10 km
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory

15. What are the classes of Physical Media Dependent (PMD) interfaces defined by IEEE 802.3ae?
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
LOU registers
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

16. What is 10GBASE-X?
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}

17. What is CSMA/CD?
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

18. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
The Discard adjacency
SC or MT-RJ
SVI

19. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Static access or trunk
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]

20. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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21. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
The Discard adjacency

22. Displays the CAM table size with number of MAC addresses
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Static access or dynamic
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Half duplex

23. What is the default duplex mode of a Fast Ethernet interface?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Half duplex
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

24. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Multilayer Switching
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}

25. Displays CEF Punt statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Full duplex
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache

26. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Forwarding Information Base
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX

27. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as trunk?
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
On

28. What tables are maintained by the CEF Layer 3 forwarding engine?
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
LOU registers
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

29. What is the maximum cabling distance for Ethernet - Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet over UTP cabling?
100 metres
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

30. What is the role of a Route Processor (RP) in first generation MLS?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
FIB with adjacency table
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport

31. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
The adjacency table
Forwarding Information Base

32. What is half duplex operation?

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33. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Trunk
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
On

34. What are the names of CEF optimisation techniques using specialised forwarding hardware?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state

35. What is FIB?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Forwarding Information Base
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling

36. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
Half duplex
25 metres
Trunk
10 km

37. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
On
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}

38. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
IEEE 802.3
300 seconds

39. What is 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
In TCAM Value entries
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

40. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig

41. What is 10BASE-T?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Only temporarily for debugging purposes
On

42. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
Switch#show ip cef
Switch#show interfaces status
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

43. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig

44. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
Tunnel
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

45. What is TCAM overflow?
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

46. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LR/LW?
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
10 km
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port

47. When are mode-conditioning patch leads required with 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers?
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Route caching and topology based
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter

48. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
10GbE operates only at full duplex
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition

49. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
SVI
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

50. What are the reasons for packets being punted by CEF?
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]