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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. What is unknown unicast flooding?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The CEF entry version number

2. Removes entries from the CAM table
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information

3. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
25 metres
10 km
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
On

4. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
Trunk
IEEE 802.3

5. What is error-disable state?
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

6. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Routing table and ARP table
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T

7. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
SVI or native routed interface
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding

8. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Trunk
300 seconds

9. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
CEF punt
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

10. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
Tunnel
Static access or trunk
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)

11. What are runts?
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

12. What fields are rewritten in hardware before a Layer 3 packet is switched to the to egress queue of a multilayer switch?
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Switch#show interfaces status
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

13. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
On
Switch(config)#mac address-table static {mac-address} vlan {vlan} interface {interface}
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Electromagnetic Interference

14. What is 100BASE-T2?
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
The CEF epoch number
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP

15. What is 10GBASE-LR/LW?
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter
Half duplex
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)

16. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

17. How are packets marked before being sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
CEF punt
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel

18. How do Layer 2 switches provide isolation between hosts?
Static access or trunk
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
SC fibre optic or RJ-45 UTP

19. What is half duplex operation?

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20. Displays a list with status of all interfaces
CEF glean
10 km
Switch#show interfaces status
The CEF epoch number

21. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
300 seconds
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Static access or dynamic
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used

22. What is TCAM?
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

23. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

24. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding

25. Creates an interface-range macro
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time

26. What are GigaStack GBICs used for?
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

27. What connectors can be used with SFP modules?
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Only temporarily for debugging purposes

28. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
On
300 seconds
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

29. What is CEF?
The Discard adjacency
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Cisco Express Forwarding
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

30. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

31. What function is performed by the Feature Manager (FM)?
15 metres
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)

32. What is Cisco's old recommendation regarding switch port speed and duplex mode?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link
Content-Addressable Memory
SVI or native routed interface

33. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
CEF glean

34. What is the role of a Route Processor (RP) in first generation MLS?
A three-fold combination of 0 - 1 and X (don't care)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination

35. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
The Layer 3 engine
100 metres

36. What combinations are TCAM entries composed of?
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Store-and-forward
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX

37. What is 1000BASE-LX/LH?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

38. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Static access or dynamic
300 seconds
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

39. Enables error-disable for errors with dynamic ARP inspection
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
IEEE 802.3z
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

40. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
The Punt adjacency
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

41. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Switch#show cef drop
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

42. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}

43. How is link speed determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

44. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Tunnel
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

45. What is 10GBASE-SR/SW?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

46. What is an interface-range macro?
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

47. When are mode-conditioning patch leads required with 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers?
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Security and QoS ACLs
Switch(config)#no ip cef

48. What information is stored in TCAM?
Security and QoS ACLs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

49. What is 1000BASE-CX?
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

50. Enables error-disable detection
The Layer 3 engine
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

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