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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the administrative modes of Layer 2 switched interfaces?
10 km
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Cisco Express Forwarding

2. Displays CEF Punt statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

3. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Static access or trunk
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

4. Enables error-disable when a link is seen to be unidirectional
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Switch#show cef drop

5. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
25 metres
SVI
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

6. What is IEEE?
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex

7. What happens to subsequent packets destined for FIB entries in CEF glean state?
Routing table and ARP table
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}

8. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Switch#show cef drop
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}

9. What is full duplex operation?
Half duplex
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

10. What is 100BASE-T4?
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Half duplex

11. Enables error-disable for the presence of invalid GBIC or SFP modules
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
LOU registers

12. How are ternary combinations implemented?
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

13. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
IEEE 802.3z
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
The Discard adjacency

14. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched

15. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Static access or trunk
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

16. What is TCAM overflow?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

17. Enables error-disable for errors with dynamic ARP inspection
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection

18. Configures the maximum ageing time for entries in the MAC address table
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
Switch(config)#mac address-table aging-time {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap

19. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Trunk or dynamic
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

20. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
When there are more access list entries and Layer 4 operations than available Mask/Value and LOU entries

21. What are the Gigabit Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Forwarding Information Base
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic

22. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
SVI
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
The CEF entry version number
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

23. Enables error-disable for errors when assigning a port to a dynamic VLAN through a VMPS
The Discard adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

24. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a multilayer switch?
IEEE 802.3ae
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
SC or MT-RJ
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

25. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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26. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
FIB with adjacency table
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
IEEE 802.3ae

27. What packets are immediately sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?

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28. Displays administrative and operational status for a specified interface
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

29. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
LOU registers
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

30. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)

31. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache

32. Adds a description to an interface configuration
Content-Addressable Memory
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Switch(config-if)#description {string}

33. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

34. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
300 seconds

35. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard

36. What is the maximum cabling distance for Ethernet - Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet over UTP cabling?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
The Punt adjacency
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
100 metres

37. What portion of the FIB contains the Layer 3 next-hop addresses for each entry together with the corresponding Layer 2 information?
On
Switch#show mac address-table static [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
The adjacency table

38. What are the reasons for packets being punted by CEF?
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

39. What are the reasons for packets being dropped by CEF?
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Encapsulation failure; Unresolved address; Unsupported protocol; No valid route; No valid adjacency; Checksum error

40. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
The Punt adjacency
Switch#show ip cef
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter

41. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
CEF punt
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors

42. What information is recorded in CAM as frames arrive on a switch port?
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
IEEE 802.3z

43. When are mode-conditioning patch leads required with 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Dynamic
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

44. Enables error-disable for errors with offering inline power
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
IEEE 802.3z
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

45. What are the default error-disable detection causes?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Enable error-disable for all possible causes
The Punt adjacency

46. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an extended IP access list using TCP/UDP?
SVI or native routed interface
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Trunk
Logical Operation Unit

47. Displays switch port information for a specified interface
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
SVI or native routed interface
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

48. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
The Drop adjacency
The Null adjacency
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

49. What are GigaStack GBICs used for?
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Tunnel
The Drop adjacency

50. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard