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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the default timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports?
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
300 seconds
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

2. What information is recorded in CAM as frames arrive on a switch port?
American National Standards Institute
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp

3. Creates an interface-range macro
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
SC or MT-RJ

4. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
American National Standards Institute

5. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Forwarding Information Base

6. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

7. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

8. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
IEEE 802.3z
The Null adjacency
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

9. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
SVI
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The CEF entry version number

10. Enables error-disable when an interface has been looped back
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
SVI or native routed interface
IEEE 802.3

11. What is WWDM?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
The Discard adjacency

12. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets

13. What is CEF?
Cisco Express Forwarding
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}

14. What is the name of the CEF engine that maintains routing information in software?
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
The Layer 3 engine

15. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
IEEE 802.3ae
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}

16. Displays CEF adjacency table information
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table

17. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
FIB with adjacency table
Switch#show interfaces status

18. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
Static access or trunk
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Static access or dynamic
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

19. Displays CEF Punt statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch#show cef not-cef-switched
Off
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition

20. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T

21. When are mode-conditioning patch leads required with 1000BASE-LX/LH transceivers?
Dynamic
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)

22. How is the TCAM organised?
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

23. How are packets marked before being sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Security and QoS ACLs
CEF punt
Switch#show errdisable detect

24. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an Ethernet access list?
Tunnel
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Switch#show interfaces status
10GbE operates only at full duplex

25. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
In TCAM Value entries
15 metres
FIB with adjacency table

26. What are the operational modes of a Layer 2 switched interface?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

27. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Creating the VLAN
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
10 km

28. What CEF optimisation technique cache FIB entries in switch line cards?
Off
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
40 km
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP

29. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets that can't be forwarded normally?
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
The Drop adjacency
25 metres
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup

30. What is LOU?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Logical Operation Unit

31. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex

32. What is 10BASE-T?
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid

33. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch#show cef drop
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex

34. What is unknown unicast flooding?
Static access or trunk
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
100 metres

35. Displays a list of all interfaces in an error-disabled state
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback

36. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Full duplex
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)

37. What is 1000BASE-X?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet

38. What is CAM?
Trunk
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Content-Addressable Memory

39. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Static access

40. What function is performed by the Feature Manager (FM)?
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap

41. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Multilayer Switching
Switch#show interfaces status
Trunk

42. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
On
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel

43. What is the standard for Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbps)?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
IEEE 802.3z
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received

44. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-SR/SW?
IEEE 802.3ab
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
300 seconds

45. What are the 100BASE-FX connectors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Static access
Forwarding Information Base
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding
SC or MT-RJ

46. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
40 km

47. What two IOS software components are involved in TCAM operation?
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Feature Manager (FM) and Switching Database Manager (SDM)
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

48. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that uses DTP to negotiate its operational mode?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
SVI or native routed interface
Dynamic

49. Displays the contents of the CAM table
American National Standards Institute
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig

50. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
10 km
Cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3
Switch(config-if)#description {string}