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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a ternary combination?

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2. What is the default age-out time for stale entries in the CAM table?
300 seconds
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)
Switch#show errdisable recovery
10GbE operates only at full duplex

3. What is the name of physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent?
Collision domain
Switch#show cef drop
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Half duplex

4. Configures a switch port with a static access VLAN assignment
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Source MAC (/48); Destination MAC (/48); Ethertype (/16)
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

5. What is half duplex operation?

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6. What is the administrative mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Switch#show errdisable detect
Trunk or dynamic
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard

7. What is 10GBASE-ER/EW?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1550 nm serial laser)
40 km
SVI or native routed interface
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

8. Selects multiple switch port interfaces at the same time and enters interface configuration mode
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Creating the VLAN
ANSI X3T11 FibreChannel

9. What is 10GBASE-CX4?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Switch#show cef drop
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
Switch(config)#interface range macro {name}

10. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries traffic for multiple VLANs?
Trunk
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed

11. What function is performed by the Feature Manager (FM)?
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
FIB with adjacency table

12. Sets the duplex mode of an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet interface
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
IEEE 802.3ab
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}

13. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Cisco Express Forwarding
Half duplex
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
Trunk or dynamic

14. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions

15. What is CEF?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Cisco Express Forwarding

16. What is the role of a Switch Engine (SE) in first generation MLS?
Static access or dynamic
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Switch#show ip cef
SVI

17. What changes are made to packets by the CEF packet rewrite engine just before forwarding?
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
300 seconds
FIB with adjacency table
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated

18. Enables error-disable when trunking encapsulation is flapping from one type to another
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
Full duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

19. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as dynamic?
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
On

20. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
LOU registers
American National Standards Institute
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

21. How is the TCAM organised?
By Mask/Value - where each unique mask has eight value patterns associated with it
10 km
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)

22. What denotes the number of times the CEF table has been flushed and regenerated as a whole?
FIB with adjacency table
The CEF epoch number
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Static access or trunk

23. Disables a switch port
In TCAM Value entries
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF

24. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IP access list?
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper CX4 with Infiniband connectors
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}

25. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Tunnel
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
LOU registers

26. What is the content of TCAM Mask entries?

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27. What is the name of a Layer 3 logical interface on a switch that represents an entire VLAN?
SVI
FIB with adjacency table
IEEE 802.3z
Configure the appropriate values manually on both ends of the link

28. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Trunk
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

29. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-LX4/LW4?
IEEE 802.3u
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

30. What is the state of packets that are sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine because of missing Layer 2 next-hop addresses?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause link-flap
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
CEF glean

31. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
IEEE 802.3ab
IEEE 802.3z

32. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
SVI or native routed interface
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
IEEE 802.3ae

33. What are the Fast Ethernet autonegotiation selection priorities?
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}

34. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)
CEF glean
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

35. Displays a list of all interfaces in an error-disabled state
7 100BASE-T2 full duplex; 6 100BASE-TX full duplex; 5 100BASE-T2 half duplex; 4 100BASE-T4; 3 100BASE-TX; 2 10BASE-T full duplex; 1 10BASE-T
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood

36. What is the name of the CEF engine that forwards packets in hardware?
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}

37. What is 10GBASE-X?
IEEE 802.3ae
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

38. When do collisions occur?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause udld
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
SVI or native routed interface
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long

39. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}

40. What are the common PMD types for 10 Gigabit Ethernet?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
LC - MT-RJ or RJ-45
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

41. Where is source and destination addresses and other relevant protocol information for access lists stored in the TCAM table?
In TCAM Value entries
Static access or trunk
10 km
Switch#show errdisable detect

42. How are ports that are in error-disable state re-enabled by default?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Switch#show ip cef

43. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
Down - static access - trunk or tunnel
Switch#show errdisable recovery
Static access or dynamic
Distributed CEF (dCEF)

44. What is an interface-range macro?
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause security-violation
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

45. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific subnet
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause gbic-invalid
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
A proprietary connector with a high-data-rate copper cable with enhanced signal integrity and EMI performance

46. What is the role of a Route Processor (RP) in first generation MLS?
American National Standards Institute
Cisco Express Forwarding
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination

47. What is the name of a Layer 3 physical interface on a switch?
Native routed interface
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
The Punt adjacency
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)

48. What is the default duplex mode of a 10 Mbps Ethernet interface?
Half duplex
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)

49. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an extended IP access list using TCP/UDP?
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
Route caching and topology based
IEEE 802.3z

50. What CEF adjacency is used to switch packets destined for the null interface?
Switch#show interfaces status
The Drop adjacency
The Null adjacency
Full duplex only