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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IGMP access list?
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
25 metres
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

2. What is WWDM?
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
IEEE 802.3ab
The switch port falls back to default setting of half duplex
Tunnel

3. What is CSMA/CD?
Half duplex
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
40 km
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

4. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-ER/EW?
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
Store-and-forward
40 km

5. What function is performed by the Switching Database Manager (SDM)?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8); IGMP message type (/8)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions

6. Enables error-disable when a storm control threshold has been exceeded on a port
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

7. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over singlemode fibre?
SVI or native routed interface
Cisco Express Forwarding
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
10 km

8. What CEF optimisation replicates the entire FIB table among switch line cards?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory
Distributed CEF (dCEF)

9. What type of packets can not be forwarded by CEF but are instead sent to the switch CPU for process switching in software?
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

10. How does the IEEE 802.3ae standard differ from its predecessors at the physical layer?
10GbE operates only at full duplex
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Security and QoS ACLs
Creating the VLAN

11. What mechanism does the TCAM provide for Layer 4 comparisons involving gt - lt - neq or range operators?
Route caching and topology based
LOU registers
40 km
Static access or dynamic

12. What are the types of layer 3 switched interfaces
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
SVI or native routed interface
550 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause ilpower

13. Displays entries in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for a specific subnet
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 9 micron SMF (1310 nm serial laser)
Switch#show ip cef {network} [{mask}] [longer-prefixes] [detail]
300 seconds

14. When do collisions occur?
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4

15. What are the 10GBASE-X PMD transceiver form factors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}

16. What combinations are TCAM entries composed of?
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Full duplex only
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

17. Disables CEF operation globally
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config)#no ip cef
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

18. How is link duplex mode determined on Fast Ethernet links configured to autonegotiate?
Static access or dynamic
Through exchange of information - which means that for one end to successfully negotiate duplex mode the other end must also be set to autonegotiate
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause rootguard
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end

19. What is 100BASE-T4?
300 seconds
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
The adjacency table

20. What is the maximum cabling distance for Ethernet - Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet over UTP cabling?
10 km
Native routed interface
100 metres
The Drop adjacency

21. Removes entries from the CAM table
Logical Operation Unit
S = Short; L = Long; E = Extra-long
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Accelerated CEF (aCEF) and Distributed CEF (dCEF)

22. Enables error-disable for Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) received on ports configured for STP PortFast
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
Trunk or dynamic
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing

23. What information is recorded in CAM as frames arrive on a switch port?
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
By electrical signalling so that either end of a link can determine what speed the other end is trying to use

24. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-ZX?
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
CEF glean

25. Enables error-disable for errors with dynamic ARP inspection
Static access or dynamic
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause arp-inspection
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]

26. What is a ternary combination?

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27. What are the supported duplex mode settings for Gigabit Ethernet on Cisco switches?
10GBASE-SR/SW - 10GBASE-LR/LW - 10GBASE-ER/EW - 10GBASE-LX4/LW4 - 10GBASE-CX4
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Full duplex only

28. What is error-disable state?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood
A switch port that has been shut down automatically due to a serious error condition
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
LAN PHY and WAN PHY

29. What are the common cabling specifications for Gigabit Ethernet?
25 metres
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
1000BASE-CX - 1000BASE-T - 1000-BASE-SX - 1000-BASE-LX/LH and 1000-BASE-ZX
The Punt adjacency

30. Enables error-disable for misconfiguration of EtherChannel bundles
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
15 metres
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces

31. What is the maximum cabling distance for 10GBASE-CX4?
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Cisco Express Forwarding
15 metres

32. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
FIB with adjacency table
Switch(config)#interface vlan {vlan-id}
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm WWDM laser)

33. What is the content of TCAM Result entries?
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs
Full duplex
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports

34. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3u
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

35. What CEF adjacency is used when packets must be sent to the Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Switch#show interfaces status
The Punt adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Switch#show ip cef {interface} [detail]

36. What is the maximum cabling distance for Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre?
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
FIB with adjacency table

37. What is the prerequesite for creating a working SVI?
Creating the VLAN
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 8 or 9 micron SMF (1550 nm laser)
GBIC-to-GBIC connection between stacking Catalyst switches or between any two Gigabit switch ports over a short distance
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state

38. Enables error-disable for errors with Layer 2 Protocol Tunnelling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause l2ptguard
Half duplex
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp

39. What is 1000BASE-SX?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
Logical Operation Unit

40. Disables CEF operation on an interface
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef
Layer 2 destination address changed to next-hop MAC address; Layer 2 source address changed to outbound interface MAC address; Layer 3 TTL decremented by 1; Layer 3 IP checksum recalculated; Layer 2 frame checksum recalculated

41. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Collision domain
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Tunnel
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF

42. What is ANSI?
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
American National Standards Institute
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Content-Addressable Memory

43. How are packets marked before being sent to the CEF Layer 3 engine for further processing?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
CEF punt
Static access or trunk
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant

44. Sets the speed of a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto}
The Punt adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}

45. What is Fast EtherChannel (FEC)?
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic

46. Creates an interface-range macro
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Full duplex only
Switch(config)#define interface-range {macro-name} {type} {module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type} {module}/{number} ...]
Static access

47. Displays error-disabled recovery timer information
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Trunk
Switch#show errdisable recovery
SVI or native routed interface

48. Sets the duplex mode of an Ethernet or Fast Ethernet interface
Switch(config-if)#duplex {auto | full | half}
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Off
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard

49. Enables error-disable for conditions that trigger unicast flood blocking on a port
Off
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause unicast-flood

50. What are the basic operations that a frame undergoes as it passes through a Layer 2 switch?
Stations can transmit and receive at the same time because switched Ethernet removes the possibility of collisions
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing
66-300 metres for 50 micron MMF; 33 metres for 62.5 micron MMF
CEF glean

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