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Ethernet Technologies

Subject : it-skills

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. What combinations are TCAM entries composed of?
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch#clear mac address-table [dynamic] [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Value - Mask - and Result (VMR)

2. What is EMI?
Switch(config-if)#description {string}
Electromagnetic Interference
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan {vlan}
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum

3. What is 1000BASE-T?
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY

4. Resets the configuration of a switch port to its default values
Switch(config)#default interface {interface}
The CEF entry version number
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Cisco Express Forwarding

5. What is the operational mode of a switch port that carries transparent Layer 2 VPNs?
Interconnecting with existing Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks
Tunnel
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling

6. Disables a switch port
The Layer 3 engine
Switch(config-if)#shutdown
Partition and tune the TCAM on some Catalyst switches into areas for different functions
Switch#show interfaces {interface} switchport

7. What RJ-45 pins have been swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Fast Ethernet?
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)
Cisco Express Forwarding
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

8. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an extended IP access list using TCP/UDP?
Source IP (/32) - Destination IP (/32) - Protocol (/16) - IP ToS (/8) - Source port (/16) - Source operator (/4) - Destination port (/16) - Destination operator (/4)
70 km for 9 micron SMF; 100 km for 8 micron SMF
On
Static access

9. What is 1000BASE-CX?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps

10. Changes an interface to a layer 3 interface and erases all layer 2 interface configurations
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
Switch#show cef drop
Fast Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch(config-if)#no switchport

11. What is the DTP negotiation mode of a switch port configured as trunk?
The Drop adjacency
On
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
Switched virtual interface (SVI)

12. What is ANSI?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
American National Standards Institute
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

13. Specifies the timer for automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
Switch#show mac address-table [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

14. What is Fast EtherChannel (FEC)?
Route caching and topology based
Switch#show interfaces {interface}
300 metres for 50 or 62.5 micron MMF; 10 km for 9 micron SMF
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link

15. What is the operational mode of a switch port that uses DTP negotiation?
Interconnecting switches in a campus network
Multilayer Switching
Static access or trunk
The CEF entry version number

16. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-SX?
275 metres for 62.5 micron MMF; 550 metres for 50 micron MMF
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet

17. What is the name of physical network segment where data packets can collide with one another when being sent?
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination
IEEE 802.3ab
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Collision domain

18. What Ethernet ports allow for autonegotiation?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Static access - trunk - tunnel or dynamic
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

19. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an ICMP access list?
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); ICMP code (/8); ICMP type (/4); IP type of service (ToS) (/8)
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause channel-misconfig
XENPAK - X2 - or SFP+
Switch(config-if)#no ip route-cache cef

20. What are runts?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause psecure-violation
Packets that have been truncated before they were fully received
Switch(config)#no ip cef
Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) or Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP)

21. Displays CEF Drop statistics with number of packets and reason for each line card
ARP requests and replies; IP packets requiring an ICMP response; IP broadcasts to be relayed; Routing protocol updates; CDP packets; Packets needing encryption; Packets triggering NAT; Other non-IP packets
Switch#show cef drop
Switch#show running-config interface {interface}
IEEE 802.3z

22. What CEF optimisation technique cache FIB entries in switch line cards?
Accelerated CEF (aCEF)
Switched virtual interface (SVI)
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
IEEE 802.3z

23. What is the standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GbE)?
IEEE 802.3ae
Cabling specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause {all | {cause-name}}
Process the first packet in a traffic flow to determine the destination

24. Selects a switch port interface and enters interface configuration mode
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery interval {seconds}
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

25. What is WWDM?
100BASE-TX - 100BASE-T2 - 100BASE-T4 and 100-BASE-FX
400 metres half duplex and 2000 metres full duplex
Static access or trunk
Wide-Wavelength Division Multiplexing

26. How are the TCAM Mask/Value pairs evaluated?
Routing table and ARP table
In parallel revealing the best (longest) match in a single table lookup
When one station transmits at the same time as another on a shared medium
Switch#show adjacency [{interface}] [summary | detail]

27. What are the symptoms of a duplex setting mismatch between two ends of a link?
Slow response times - low throughput - runts and other input errors on the switch ports
Gigabit Ethernet over 4 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
The table of learned MAC addresses - ports - and VLAN information

28. What fields are rewritten in hardware before a Layer 3 packet is switched to the to egress queue of a multilayer switch?
Layer 2 source and destination MAC addresses; Layer 3 Time-To-Live (TTL) value and header checksum
100 metres
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Mask bits set to 1 for Value bits of interest and 0 for Value bits that don't matter

29. What is the standard for Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3u
Switch(config-if)#no switchport
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Destination IP lookup (FIB); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Layer 3 packet rewrite; Egress queueing
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

30. What are the letters used with 10GBASE-X two-letter suffixes to specify the PHY type?
SVI
A name assigned to a ranges of interfaces
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Ingress queueing; Destination MAC lookup (CAM); Security ACL lookup (TCAM); QoS ACL lookup (TCAM); Egress queueing

31. What are the duplex modes of a GigaStack GBIC?
Switch#show mac address-table dynamic [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Logical Operation Unit
Full duplex if only one of the two stacking connectors is used; Half duplex over a shared bus if if both connectors are used
They are dropped (ARP throttling)

32. What is CSMA/CD?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
1000BASE-T full duplex followed by 1000BASE-T half duplex
R = LAN PHY; W = WAN PHY
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection

33. What is the original standard for Ethernet (10 Mbps)?
IEEE 802.3ae
With a mask value in addition to binary values to decide which keys in a table are relevant
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
IEEE 802.3

34. What is the operational mode of a switch port that is a member of one VLAN?
Flooding a frame with unknown destination MAC address out all ports assigned to the source port VLAN except the source port itself
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
Switch#show ip cef
Static access

35. What CEF adjacency is used to discard packets because of access list or other policy action?
The Discard adjacency
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause bpduguard
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause loopback

36. What information is recorded in CAM as frames arrive on a switch port?
Manually by administratively disabling and re-enabling the port
Source MAC address; Port of arrival; VLAN; Time stamp
40 km
With MMF cables shorter than 100 metres (to prevent over-driving the far-end receiver) and with MMF cables longer than 300 metres (to lessen the effect of differential mode delay)

37. What happens to subsequent packets destined for FIB entries in CEF glean state?
They are dropped (ARP throttling)
The Layer 3 forwarding engine
Bundling together two to eight full duplex Fast Ethernet links to act as a single physical link
10 Gigabit Ethernet over 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm serial laser)

38. When can a switch start to learn source MAC addresses on incoming ports?
Electromagnetic Interference
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state
Switch(config)#interface range {type}{module}/{number} [- {number}] [ - {type}{module}/{number} ...]
From 30 seconds to 86 -400 seconds (24 hours)

39. What are the 100BASE-FX connectors used in Cisco Catalyst switches?
SC or MT-RJ
Switch(config)#interface {type}{module}/{number}
UTP Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit

40. What is 100BASE-TX?
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 5 UTP
Listen to the first packet and put its resulting destination in the MLS cache; Route subsequent packets in the same flow based on the MLS cache
Per port collision domains; Full duplex mode; Dedicated bandwidth; Error detection; Broadcast thresholds; Intelligent filtering and forwarding
Trunk or dynamic

41. What RJ-45 pins must be swapped in a Category 5 UTP crossover cable for Gigabit Ethernet?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF or 9 micron SMF (1300 nm laser)
1 -2 on one end with 3 -6 on the other end - and 4 -5 on one end with 7 -8 on the other end
300 seconds
When the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) has put the switch port in learning or forwarding state

42. What is the maximum cabling distance for 1000BASE-CX?
Entry not in FIB; FIB table full; IP TTL expired; MTU exceeded; ICMP redirect; Unsupported encapsulation; Tunnelled packets requiring compression or encryption; Access list with 'log' option; NAT must be performed
25 metres
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dtp-flap
Layer 3 routing information builds and pre-populates a single database of the entire network topology; All table lookups are performed in hardware with the longest matching destination used in forwarding

43. What are the reasons for packets being punted by CEF?
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause storm-control
Incomplete adjacency; Incomplete ARP resolution; Unsupported packet features; ICMP redirect; Packets destined to the router itself; IP options present; Access list evaluation failure; Fragmentation failure
FIB with adjacency table
SC or MT-RJ

44. Enables automatic re-enabling of error-disabled ports
Store-and-forward
Cabling specifications for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Compiling Access Control Entries (ACE) into the TCAM table
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}

45. What is the TCAM Value and Mask for an IPX access list?
Gigabit Ethernet over 1 pair 50 or 62.5 micron MMF (850 nm laser)
LAN PHY and WAN PHY
Trunk
Source IPX network (/32); Destination IPX network (/32); Destination node (/48); IPX packet type (/16)

46. Enables error-disable when the Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) is flapping
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause pagp-flap
Static access or dynamic
A station must wait its turn to transmit; it can't transmit and receive at the same time
10GbE operates only at full duplex

47. Displays the CAM table size with number of MAC addresses
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause vmps
Switch#show mac address-table count [address {mac-address}] [interface {interface}] [vlan {vlan}]
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
The CEF epoch number

48. Enables error-disable for rate-limiting of DHCP snooping
IEEE 802.3ab
Switch(config)#errdisable detect cause dhcp-rate-limit
Distributed CEF (dCEF)
Numeric values that represent what action to take after the TCAM lookup occurs

49. What is 100BASE-FX?
Fast Ethernet over 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre (MMF) or 9 micron singlemode fibre (SMF)
Switch(config)#errdisable recovery cause {all | {cause-name}}
Forwarding Information Base
Source IP (/32); Destination IP (/32); Protocol (/16); IP ToS (/8)

50. Displays a list of all interfaces in an error-disabled state
Multilayer Switching
The CEF entry version number
Fast Ethernet over 2 pairs EIA/TIA Category 3 - 4 - 5 UTP
Switch#show interfaces status err-disabled

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