SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Family Medicine Shelf
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
family-medicine
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Constipation: What are indications for lab testing?
Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding: caused by hormonal imbalances from a functionally abnormal hypothalamic-pitu-ovarian axis resulting in abnormal follicle development and anovulation (metorrhagia) -Corpus luteum does not develop=progesterone-deficient
Pap Smear (unless recent normal pap) -CBC -Pregnancy test -Ultrasound if uterus is enlarged -Cervical culture in patients high risk of infection -Thyroid test and testing for systemic diseases
Refractory constipation - a new onset of constipation in an older individual - heme-positive stools - and situations in which the etiology is unclear or the clinical evaluation suggests underlying pathology
Thiazide (useful in patients without renal impairment) -SE: sex dysfxn - dyslipidemia - hyperglycemia - and elevation in uric acids
2. What is the 1st step in treatment for patients with normal renal function and nondiabetic patients with preHTN?
Lifestyle modification: Salt restriction - weight reduction - regular aerobic exercise
Albumin; low molecular weight proteins
Streptococci
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
3. Name the diagnosis of heartburn: colicky right upper quadrant pain - with meals - radiation to scapular regions
Cholelithiasis
Rotator Cuff tendonitis
Triptans - ergotamine - DHE (emergency); prophylaxis- beta blockeres - tricyclic antidepressants - CCBs - anticonvulsants - serotonin antagonists - MAOIs; avoidance of stress - alcohol - caffeine - tyramine (red wine and cheese) - nitrates (cured mea
Tension headache
4. HIgh risk pregnant patients should be evaluated for ____ and ____
Typically brought on exercise - eating - emotional excitement; pain lasts 5 - 15mins - disappears with nitroglycerin or at rest; if the pain lasts <1 or >30mins it should not be considered anginal
HIV and syphilis
Occurs in overlying chest wall - and aggravated by breathing and coughing - sudden - sharp - unilateral - pleuritic - associated with SOB
Dyspnea - orthopnea - paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - nocturia - edema - weight gain - fatigue - chest pain - abdominal pain - anorexia - mental status changes
5. What is the goal of CHF treatment? What drugs should be used?
Presence of proteinuria on at least two separate ocassion
100mg; means patient can be trace protein positive and not be detected
Furucnle
Reduce symptoms - prevent complications - improve survival-diuretics - ACE inhibitors (slow progression of heart failure - decrease the number of hospitalizations and decrease mortality) - beta blockers (decrease mortality and sudden death) - spirono
6. What lab test is recommended as baseline for future evaluation of HTN in the event of medication induced neutropenia or agranulocytosis?
Bronchitis: Antecedent URI - Cough - No or low-grade fever - clear lungs or coarse rhonchi - Normal CXR Pneumonia: Acute onset of cough - fever - and tachypnea - chest pain - leukocytosis - pulmonary infiltrate on CXR
Diuretics -BB -CCB -ACEi
CBC
Serotypes 16 - 18 - 31 -52 -58
7. Which diuretic is best for HTN patients with renal impairment? What should be checked before administered?
Dehydration - anemia - cardiac causes
Pts with palpitations and dizziness - near syncope - or syncope
Loop diuretics (Check serum K+ levels before drug admin)
Pain
8. Glomerular disease usually results in excess __ excretion; whereas tubular disease produce a of ______protein
Hep B and rubella (if necessary) Note: pregnancy should be avoided up to 1-3 months after rubella and varicella immunizations=live attenuated viruses
Dehydration - anemia - cardiac causes
Albumin; low molecular weight proteins
Less than 3 stools per week
9. What are the common causes for laryngitis?
These patients are associated with low renin states=less likely to respond to medication
Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding: caused by hormonal imbalances from a functionally abnormal hypothalamic-pitu-ovarian axis resulting in abnormal follicle development and anovulation (metorrhagia) -Corpus luteum does not develop=progesterone-deficient
Influenza - Rhinovirus - Adenovirus - Parainfluenza
Hx: High fever - dyspnea - chills - chest pain - develop hypoxia or cardiopulmonary failure - PE: Abnormal Vital signs (fever - tachypnea - tachycardia) - Lungs (localized rales - bronchial breath sounds - wheezing - signs of consolidation-dullness t
10. What are the most common viral causes of diarrhea in kids and adults?
Enodlymphatic hydrops results in incrased pressure within the semicircular canals and damage to the sensory hair cells? -tinnitus - vertigo - hearing loss
In syncopal or near syncopal patients iwth heart disease and those iwth suspected ventricular tachycardia or heart block
Kids: Rotavirus Adults: Norwalk Virus
Chest pain during pneumonia or PE
11. What type of imaging is need for chronic sinusitis?
Persistent - sharp - severe - relieved by sitting up; aggravated by breathing - laying back - coughing
Common problem that resolves spontaneously and is most often seen in children and young adults
Columnar cells are replaced by squamous cells and creates the squamocolumnar junction (where squamous metaplasia is most active)
CT
12. What is an acoustic neuroma?
Generalized Anxiety disorder and panic disorder
S. Aureus
S. aureus- beta hemolytic streptococcus
A tumor of the 8th cranial nerve that compresses the 8th cranial nerve and the brainstem
13. Four muscles of rotator cuff
CBC - UA - electrolytes - BUN - creatinine - albumin - TSH-BNP: elevated in CHF
4 to 6 mo until 3 consecutive normal smear have been obtained *subsequent abnormal smear=colposcopy should be performed
Focal glomerular sclerosis - membranous glomerular nephripathy - IgA nephropathy
SITS: Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis
14. Uterine bleeding between regular cycles
Theophylline - Digoxin - B agonists - OTC stimulants (pseudophedrine) - antiarrhthymic med
Intermenstrual bleeding
Higher filling presure - pulmonary congestion - and decreasd cardiac return
A central clear area
15. Pneumothorax - sudden sharp chest pain - preceded by viral illness
Reflux of acid into lower esophagus -> esophagitis -> pain indistinguishable from cardiac chest pain
Hx: High fever - dyspnea - chills - chest pain - develop hypoxia or cardiopulmonary failure - PE: Abnormal Vital signs (fever - tachypnea - tachycardia) - Lungs (localized rales - bronchial breath sounds - wheezing - signs of consolidation-dullness t
Slow progression of cervical cancer changes -Availability of effective early treatment
Pleurisy
16. What should be considered in younger patients with menorrhagia
Triptans - ergotamine - DHE (emergency); prophylaxis- beta blockeres - tricyclic antidepressants - CCBs - anticonvulsants - serotonin antagonists - MAOIs; avoidance of stress - alcohol - caffeine - tyramine (red wine and cheese) - nitrates (cured mea
Coag disorders
Warts
In syncopal or near syncopal patients iwth heart disease and those iwth suspected ventricular tachycardia or heart block
17. Things that need to be included in history of shoulder pain
Focal glomerular sclerosis - membranous glomerular nephripathy - IgA nephropathy
GERD
Age - dominant hand - medications - PMHx - type of work - and activity level - Pain-acute or chronic - Associated trauma (swelling - rendness - laxity - catching - decrease ROM)
CBC - UA - electrolytes - BUN - creatinine - albumin - TSH-BNP: elevated in CHF
18. Menometrorrhagia
Alters mucosal permeability and stimulates the activity of intestinal smooth muscle -Ex: Bisacodyl (dulcolax)
Bence-Jones
Molluscum contagiosum- pox virus
Excessive bleeding in amount - duration - or both at irregular intervals
19. In addition to cardiac disease - chest pain could be attributed to 4 other causes. Name them
Colposcopy - Endocervical curettage - and directed cervical biopsy
MSK - pulmonary - GI - or psychological
Menorrhagia
Dermatophytes - i.e. tinea- funus infection such as tinea captis- fungal infection of the scalp
20. What is the mechanism of action for stimulant agents in treating constipation?
Anticoag with warfarin to prevent thromboembolism
Higher filling presure - pulmonary congestion - and decreasd cardiac return
Alters mucosal permeability and stimulates the activity of intestinal smooth muscle -Ex: Bisacodyl (dulcolax)
Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding: caused by hormonal imbalances from a functionally abnormal hypothalamic-pitu-ovarian axis resulting in abnormal follicle development and anovulation (metorrhagia) -Corpus luteum does not develop=progesterone-deficient
21. What is the leading caUse of parasitic diarrhea that presents as foul - greasy - bulky stools with associated weight loss or neuropathy?
CBC
Giardia
Cluster headache
Chest pain during pneumonia or PE
22. Name the diagnosis of heartburn: chest pressure - nausea - diaphoresis - palpitations
Coronary artery disease/ angina
Echocardiogram
Particulate matter or otoliths may form in the semicircular canal. The otoliths become dislodged and stimulate the sensory hair cells in the semicircular canals - leading to vertigo.
High blood pressure - focal neurologic defecit - or papilledema
23. Hyperinsulinemia can increase vascular tone by what 4 mechanisms?
Bulk forming: Psyllium - Methycellulose - Polycarbophil
1)Promoting Na+retention 2) Promoting hypertrophy and hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscles through its mitogenic properties 3) Modifying ion transport - leading to increase in intracellular Ca2+ 4) Sympathetic activation
300mg/dl protein excreted in the last 24hrs; 4+ indicates over 1g/dl per day
With a KOH wet mount preparation
24. What should blood work include for suspected heart failure?
CBC - UA - electrolytes - BUN - creatinine - albumin - TSH-BNP: elevated in CHF
Vital signs - orthostatic blood pressure (indicating acute bleeding) and pulse - signs of pregnancy - systemic disease - and sterile speculum and bimanual exam)
Typically brought on exercise - eating - emotional excitement; pain lasts 5 - 15mins - disappears with nitroglycerin or at rest; if the pain lasts <1 or >30mins it should not be considered anginal
Consider AB:1st line: Amoxicillin - Cefuroxime Penicillin allergy: clarithromycin - azithromycin - trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 2nd line: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid - levofloxacin - gatifloxcin
25. What are the features of glomerular nephritis
RBC casts and old to moderate HTN
Muscular chest pain (inflammation or overuse pf chest wall muscles); costochondral joint (reproduced on palpation and patient may not want to take a deep breath in); rib fractures
Increase BO (systolic >140 or diastolic >90) at least 2 consecutive visits 2 wks apart
Supraspinatus and bicipital tendons
26. Pain in shoulder when throwing - swimming - or serving a tennis ball
Cervical radiculopathy
CBC
Slow progression of cervical cancer changes -Availability of effective early treatment
Rotator cuff tendonitis
27. What microganism is causing this array of presentations: Mild - crampy - nonbloody diarrhea to life-threatening hemorrhagic colitis complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome or thrombopenic purpura
E. Coli O157:H7
24 hour halter
Hx: High fever - dyspnea - chills - chest pain - develop hypoxia or cardiopulmonary failure - PE: Abnormal Vital signs (fever - tachypnea - tachycardia) - Lungs (localized rales - bronchial breath sounds - wheezing - signs of consolidation-dullness t
Every 3 years after 2 negative smear 1 year apart. Screening may be discontinued after age 65 provided that previous testing has been normal
28. What procedures should be performed on women with low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial lesion on pap smear?
CT
Colposcopy - Endocervical curettage - and directed cervical biopsy
When an increase in intracranial pressure is suspected because it can lead to brainstem herniation
Clarithromycin - amoxicillin - metronidazole PPI: cimetidine - ranitidine - famotidine - nazatidine
29. PE for a patient getting an abnormal vaginal bleeding work up
Enodlymphatic hydrops results in incrased pressure within the semicircular canals and damage to the sensory hair cells? -tinnitus - vertigo - hearing loss
Vital signs - orthostatic blood pressure (indicating acute bleeding) and pulse - signs of pregnancy - systemic disease - and sterile speculum and bimanual exam)
Hypertension - CAD - valvular heart disease
Systolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is reduced to less than 45% - diastolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is preserved or high; use doppler techniques- abnormal flow across the mitral valve
30. How does systolic vs. diastolic heart failure present on the echocardiogram?
Increasing fluid (8 - 8oz glasses of water/day) -fiber
Polymenorrhea
Pts with palpitations and dizziness - near syncope - or syncope
Systolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is reduced to less than 45% - diastolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is preserved or high; use doppler techniques- abnormal flow across the mitral valve
31. Tx of chronic or intermittent afibs
Systolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is reduced to less than 45% - diastolic dysfunction- ejection fraction is preserved or high; use doppler techniques- abnormal flow across the mitral valve
Anticoag with warfarin to prevent thromboembolism
Associated with hypotension
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
32. Vaccines that should be updated before planned pregnancy
Activation of the RAAS - increased levels of catecholamines - secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone -This leads to vasoconstriction - fluid retention - increased afterload - which further inhibits cardiac output -late changes are mycoardial and vas
Fever with frontal or maxillary tenderness
Tension headache
Hep B and rubella (if necessary) Note: pregnancy should be avoided up to 1-3 months after rubella and varicella immunizations=live attenuated viruses
33. Name the diagnosis of heartburn: upper abdominal/ epigastric pain - bloating - belching - flatulence - nausea
Nonulcer dyspepsia
Headache of recent onset (<6 months) -headache beginning after 50 years of age -worsening headaches -headache that does not fit primary headache pattern -associated seizure -focal neurologic signs or symptoms -personality change-severe headaches unre
FSH released by the pitu stimulates a primary ovarian follicle to release estrogen - which stops menses and stimulates the endometrium
HPV
34. What places women at higher risk of getting cervical cancer?
Squamocolumnar junction=most common site of cervical cancer
Ligament involvement: Pain with Active ROM and Passive ROM -Muscular and/or tendon injury: Pain with ONLY Active ROM
Early sexuality and multiple pregnancies (immature cells are more common at menarche and ruing the postpartum period) - hx of STDs - smoking - HIV - current or prior history of condyloma - and previously abnormal Pap smears
Hx: Onset of menarche and duration and frequency of the menstrual period - Bleeding pattern - hx of liver - renal - thyroid disease - Use of anticoags - oral contraception - hormone replacement - ROS: weight change - hirsutism (indicating PCOS=LH:FSH
35. How do you define persistent protein uria?
Presence of proteinuria on at least two separate ocassion
Pulsus paradoxus (abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration)
Enodlymphatic hydrops results in incrased pressure within the semicircular canals and damage to the sensory hair cells? -tinnitus - vertigo - hearing loss
Headache of recent onset (<6 months) -headache beginning after 50 years of age -worsening headaches -headache that does not fit primary headache pattern -associated seizure -focal neurologic signs or symptoms -personality change-severe headaches unre
36. What does treatment for migrans include?
Bulk forming agents -Osmotic laxatives -Stimulant laxatives -Stool Softeners -Suppositories -Enemas
Meclizine - dimenhydrinate - antiemetics - and benzodiazepines
When an increase in intracranial pressure is suspected because it can lead to brainstem herniation
Triptans - ergotamine - DHE (emergency); prophylaxis- beta blockeres - tricyclic antidepressants - CCBs - anticonvulsants - serotonin antagonists - MAOIs; avoidance of stress - alcohol - caffeine - tyramine (red wine and cheese) - nitrates (cured mea
37. What type of drug is particularly beneficial for CHF and provide renal protection for those with diabetes?
SITS: Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis
ACEi
With a KOH wet mount preparation
Cellulitis
38. What are the three types of lice?
Slow progression of cervical cancer changes -Availability of effective early treatment
FSH released by the pitu stimulates a primary ovarian follicle to release estrogen - which stops menses and stimulates the endometrium
Activation of the RAAS - increased levels of catecholamines - secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone -This leads to vasoconstriction - fluid retention - increased afterload - which further inhibits cardiac output -late changes are mycoardial and vas
Pediculus humanus capitis- head louse - P. humanus corporis- body louse - Phthirus pubis- pubic or crab louse
39. Pneumonia tx: suitable for healthy adults less than 60
Triptans - ergotamine - DHE (emergency); prophylaxis- beta blockeres - tricyclic antidepressants - CCBs - anticonvulsants - serotonin antagonists - MAOIs; avoidance of stress - alcohol - caffeine - tyramine (red wine and cheese) - nitrates (cured mea
Influenza - Rhinovirus - Adenovirus - Parainfluenza
Viral gastroenteritis
Erythromycin - Macrolide (i.e. azithromycin) - Doxycyline
40. What drugs do you use to treat H.pylori + PUD?
Cluster headache
Clarithromycin - amoxicillin - metronidazole PPI: cimetidine - ranitidine - famotidine - nazatidine
The patient is seated with the head turned to the right and is quickly lowered to the supine position with the head over the edge of the examination table 30 degrees below horizontal. The test is then repeated with the head turned to the left. The te
Echocardiogram
41. _____ _____ _____ are high in fiber and increase stool volume by absorbing water given to patients with constipation.
Hx: High fever - dyspnea - chills - chest pain - develop hypoxia or cardiopulmonary failure - PE: Abnormal Vital signs (fever - tachypnea - tachycardia) - Lungs (localized rales - bronchial breath sounds - wheezing - signs of consolidation-dullness t
ACEi - penicillin - cephalosporin - cyclosporine - NSAIDs - heavy metals - aminoglycosides - sulfonamides
Bulk forming: Psyllium - Methycellulose - Polycarbophil
Ligament involvement: Pain with Active ROM and Passive ROM -Muscular and/or tendon injury: Pain with ONLY Active ROM
42. Difference between Pneumonia and Bronchitis
Bronchitis: Antecedent URI - Cough - No or low-grade fever - clear lungs or coarse rhonchi - Normal CXR Pneumonia: Acute onset of cough - fever - and tachypnea - chest pain - leukocytosis - pulmonary infiltrate on CXR
Loop diuretics (Check serum K+ levels before drug admin)
Stabilize on oxygen - nitroglycerin - morphine for pain - aspirin (to decrease mortality by 20%) - clopidogrel or ticolodipine. (beta blockers - heparin - nitrates - ACEi - thrombolytics (if <75 with ST segment elevation - and a history consistent wi
Hep B and rubella (if necessary) Note: pregnancy should be avoided up to 1-3 months after rubella and varicella immunizations=live attenuated viruses
43. What HPV serotypes are most commonly associated with cervical cancer?
Persistent - sharp - severe - relieved by sitting up; aggravated by breathing - laying back - coughing
Inflammation - stimulation - or destruction of the hair cells of the eighth cranial nerve
NSAIDs - combined with ice or heat - and brief periods of rest followed by PT (maintaining ROM - flexibility - strength) -Severe: Cortisone shot
Serotypes 16 - 18 - 31 -52 -58
44. What is the caUse of Meniere disease? What are the cardinal symptoms?
Apprehension test: abducting the arm to 90 degrees - rotating it externally - and then applying anterior traction to the humerus
GERD
Enodlymphatic hydrops results in incrased pressure within the semicircular canals and damage to the sensory hair cells? -tinnitus - vertigo - hearing loss
Meclizine - dimenhydrinate - antiemetics - and benzodiazepines
45. Metrorrhagia
Irregular bleeding between cycles
Influenza - Rhinovirus - Adenovirus - Parainfluenza
Presence of proteinuria on at least two separate ocassion
Excessive bleeding in amount - duration - or both at irregular intervals
46. Range of motion testing: How do you tell the difference between joint/ligament involvement vs. muscular and/or tendon involvement?
Pancreatitis
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Ligament involvement: Pain with Active ROM and Passive ROM -Muscular and/or tendon injury: Pain with ONLY Active ROM
Substernal chest tightness or pressure - that radiates to the left arm - shoulders - or jaw. Patients may also describe: diaphoresis - SOB - nausea - vomiting
47. What are the medications used to treat labyrinthitis - vestibular neuronitis - and BPV?
Rotator Cuff problem
Pain
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardia
Meclizine - dimenhydrinate - antiemetics - and benzodiazepines
48. Name the diagnosis of heartburn: dysphagia - assoc. with immunocompromised condition
Lightheadedness - dizziness - syncope
With a KOH wet mount preparation
Cholelithiasis
Infectious esophagitis
49. What are the signs of acute sinusitis?
Fever with frontal or maxillary tenderness
A 24hr urine protein collection and urine creatinine clearance determination
Scabies
CT
50. At was quantity does urine dipstick test detect elevated protein?
Bulk forming agents -Osmotic laxatives -Stimulant laxatives -Stool Softeners -Suppositories -Enemas
Massive proteinuria and edema - hypoalbuminemia - hyperlipidemia - lipiduria
100mg; means patient can be trace protein positive and not be detected
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or premature atrial contractions (PACs)