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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Low testosterone may increase risk

2. What are the adverse affects of tetracyclines
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Inflammation of the eye follicles
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction

3. Cycloserine is used against what?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB

4. Can Amiodarone lead to a complete loss of thyroid function
Topamax (Topiramate)
Oh yea
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only

5. What requires more energy: Diastole or Systole
BNP of 100
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction

6. Name the 4th generation cephalosporin
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

7. What is the mechanism for using cranberry juice for a UTI
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro

8. What is the treatment for HAP
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin

9. Can an atypical antipsychotic be used for anxiety
Topical against gram +
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)

10. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Prostate protective (finnish study)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES

11. Blepharitis
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Inflammation of the eye follicles
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose

12. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole

13. What is the clinical Use of clindamycin
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
IV only
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

14. What is the lab shorthand for blood
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones

15. When should you begin treating a UTI
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
IV only

16. What are the 2nd generation heterolytic antidepressants
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

17. What is the cutoff value for determination of COPD vs CHF?
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
BNP of 100

18. What is the antibiotic spectrum of tetracycline
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV

19. Treatment for neuropathic pain
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

20. What are the averse effects of macrolides
Oh yea
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Topical against gram +
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt

21. What is the treatment for CAP
Pseudomonas
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)

22. Treatment of Migraines
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib

23. Treatment protocol for gall bladder issues
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Oh yea
All patients with a fall hazard potential.

24. Name the long acting benzo's (1-3 days)
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma

25. How to treat chronic pain
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
1. soy products 2. SSRI
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43

26. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Pseudomonas
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES

27. Name the 3rd generation cephalosporin
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

28. Name three examples of B-lactamase inhibitors
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

29. Name the tetracyclines
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Pseudomonas
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

30. Name the first generation cephalosporins
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

31. 1st gen cephalosporins treat what organisms
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)

32. What is azithromycin used for
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Celexa (Citalopram)
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Prostate protective (finnish study)

33. What is natural penicillin used to treat
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Celexa (Citalopram)
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

34. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
NSAIDs (add others here)
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

35. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43

36. How to treat depression
Celexa (Citalopram)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

37. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors

38. Name the second generation cephalosporin
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000

39. What labs are needed when admitting a new patient
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

40. Name the macrolides
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Oh yea
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

41. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Great than 500
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

42. Scoring system of AFIB
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
BNP of 100
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

43. Name the SSRI's
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

44. When should you use bacitracin
Topical against gram +
Oh yea
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Topamax (Topiramate)

45. What are treatment options for menopause
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)

46. What is the lab short hand for electrolytes
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Piperacillin (zosyn)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)

47. What is the mechanism of the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

48. Name the aminoglycosides
Topamax (Topiramate)
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES

49. How to treat anxiety
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Atrial septal Appendage
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

50. How are all carbapenems administered
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
IV only
Piperacillin (zosyn)