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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Scoring system of AFIB
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

2. How to treat depression
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Celexa (Citalopram)

3. Name the aminoglycosides
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Amoxicillin Ampicillin

4. What is the therapeutic use for aminoglycosides
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES

5. Cycloserine is used against what?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Topical against gram +
Topamax (Topiramate)

6. Name the second generation cephalosporin
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO

7. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Great than 500
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction

8. What are the key drugs excreted by the kidneys
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
NSAIDs (add others here)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)

9. What are the major causes of microhematuria
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
BNP of 100
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

10. Name the macrolides
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

11. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Pseudomonas

12. What are the bugs associated with community acquired pneumonia
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

13. How to treat anxiety
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Oh yea
Low testosterone may increase risk
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

14. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose

15. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole

16. What is natural penicillin used to treat
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

17. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
BNP of 100
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Prostate protective (finnish study)

18. Treatment protocol for gall bladder issues
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)

19. What is the antibiotic spectrum of tetracycline
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
Pseudomonas
IV only
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

20. Name the first generation cephalosporins
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Pseudomonas
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Topamax (Topiramate)

21. Name the intermediate acting benzo's (10-20 hours)
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

22. What are the clinical indications of aztreonam (azactam)
IV only
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Great than 500
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction

23. Can Amiodarone lead to a complete loss of thyroid function
Oh yea
NSAIDs (add others here)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors

24. How does testosterone correlate to CAD
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Low testosterone may increase risk
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max

25. What is the mechanism of the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Exalga (Hydromorphone)

26. Where do the majority of blood clots in the heart form
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Topamax (Topiramate)
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Atrial septal Appendage

27. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
1. soy products 2. SSRI
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture

28. What are the adverse affects of tetracyclines
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Exalga (Hydromorphone)

29. When should you use Vancomycin
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
BNP of 100
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.

30. Name the short acting benzo's (2-8 hours)
Topamax (Topiramate)
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
NSAIDs (add others here)

31. What large group of people is blood thinners contra-indicated
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Topamax (Topiramate)

32. What is the clinical Use of clindamycin
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

33. What are the averse effects of macrolides
1. soy products 2. SSRI
NSAIDs (add others here)
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Amoxicillin Ampicillin

34. When should you use bacitracin
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Topical against gram +

35. What organisms with Carbapenems treat agains
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

36. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Atrial septal Appendage
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors

37. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

38. What labs are needed when admitting a new patient
IV only
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
1. soy products 2. SSRI
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

39. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Topical against gram +
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Topamax (Topiramate)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)

40. What is the treatment for CAP
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Oh yea
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

41. Name the tetracyclines
BNP of 100
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

42. 1st gen cephalosporins treat what organisms
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Prostate protective (finnish study)
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max

43. Can an atypical antipsychotic be used for anxiety
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Oh yea

44. What is azithromycin used for
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Piperacillin (zosyn)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.

45. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

46. prevention of migraines
Topamax (Topiramate)
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Celexa (Citalopram)
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)

47. How are all carbapenems administered
IV only
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Topical against gram +

48. When should you begin treating a UTI
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Inflammation of the eye follicles

49. What are treatment options for menopause
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Oh yea
Great than 500

50. What organisms can be treated by 3rd generation cephalosporins
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin