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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Great than 500
Topical against gram +
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

2. What is the determination of a liver transplant
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Atrial septal Appendage

3. What organisms can be treated by 2nd Generation cephalosporins
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib

4. What is the cutoff value for determination of COPD vs CHF?
BNP of 100
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)

5. Where do the majority of blood clots in the heart form
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Atrial septal Appendage
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)

6. Cycloserine is used against what?
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile

7. What large group of people is blood thinners contra-indicated
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
IV only
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine

8. What are the clinical indications of aztreonam (azactam)
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Low testosterone may increase risk
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)

9. How to treat anxiety
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

10. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)

11. Treatment of Migraines
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox

12. How are all carbapenems administered
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
IV only
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)

13. Treatment protocol for gall bladder issues
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

14. Can Amiodarone lead to a complete loss of thyroid function
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Oh yea

15. What is the lab short hand for electrolytes
1. soy products 2. SSRI
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

16. 1st gen cephalosporins treat what organisms
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

17. When should you use bacitracin
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Topical against gram +

18. Name the second generation cephalosporin
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

19. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

20. What is Beyes theorem
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Atrial septal Appendage
Celexa (Citalopram)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)

21. Name the tetracyclines
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

22. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture

23. Name three examples of B-lactamase inhibitors
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything

24. What is natural penicillin used to treat
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides

25. When should you use Vancomycin
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia

26. Name the carbapenems
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)

27. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

28. What is the antibiotic spectrum of tetracycline
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

29. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Pseudomonas

30. How to treat depression
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Celexa (Citalopram)

31. When should you begin treating a UTI
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000

32. Name the 4th generation cephalosporin
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

33. What are the 2nd generation heterolytic antidepressants
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

34. What is the mechanism of the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Amoxicillin Ampicillin

35. Name the first generation cephalosporins
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Topical against gram +
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Oh yea

36. Name the long acting benzo's (1-3 days)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

37. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors

38. Name the macrolides
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Celexa (Citalopram)
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)

39. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Celexa (Citalopram)
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
Piperacillin (zosyn)

40. What are the major causes of microhematuria
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Oh yea
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB

41. How to treat chronic pain
1. soy products 2. SSRI
NSAIDs (add others here)
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Topamax (Topiramate)

42. Blepharitis
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Inflammation of the eye follicles
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Amoxicillin Ampicillin

43. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Great than 500
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma

44. What is a good chemotherapy treatment option for pancreatic cancer
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

45. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox

46. What is the lab shorthand for blood
Piperacillin (zosyn)
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Exalga (Hydromorphone)

47. What are the bugs associated with community acquired pneumonia
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
IV only
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)

48. Name the 3rd generation cephalosporin
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
NSAIDs (add others here)
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones

49. What are the key drugs excreted by the kidneys
NSAIDs (add others here)
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)

50. Name the SSRI's
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Topamax (Topiramate)