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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Oh yea
Atrial septal Appendage

2. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Topical against gram +
Pseudomonas
Great than 500

3. How does testosterone correlate to CAD
Great than 500
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Low testosterone may increase risk

4. Name the short acting benzo's (2-8 hours)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

5. How to treat depression
Celexa (Citalopram)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae

6. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
Oh yea
Amoxicillin Ampicillin

7. What is the clinical Use of clindamycin
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Celexa (Citalopram)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43

8. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)

9. What is the lab shorthand for blood
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)

10. What organisms with Carbapenems treat agains
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
BNP of 100
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile

11. What are the bugs associated with community acquired pneumonia
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Piperacillin (zosyn)

12. Name the intermediate acting benzo's (10-20 hours)
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

13. When should you use Vancomycin
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

14. Name the tetracyclines
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

15. What is the determination of a liver transplant
Prostate protective (finnish study)
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

16. Name the 4th generation cephalosporin
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Topamax (Topiramate)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

17. Name the 3rd generation cephalosporin
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)

18. What large group of people is blood thinners contra-indicated
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
Prostate protective (finnish study)

19. 1st gen cephalosporins treat what organisms
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Oh yea
WBC>HG/HCT<pH

20. What is Beyes theorem
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin

21. What are the clinical indications of aztreonam (azactam)
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)

22. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Inflammation of the eye follicles
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Great than 500

23. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)

24. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)

25. What are the adverse affects of tetracyclines
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)

26. What are the major causes of microhematuria
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Low testosterone may increase risk
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)

27. Can Amiodarone lead to a complete loss of thyroid function
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Oh yea

28. What are the averse effects of macrolides
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Oh yea
Low testosterone may increase risk

29. Name the aminoglycosides
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
IV only
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Great than 500

30. Can an atypical antipsychotic be used for anxiety
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro

31. Name the macrolides
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

32. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia

33. prevention of migraines
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Topamax (Topiramate)

34. When should you use bacitracin
Topical against gram +
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000

35. What additional benefit my statins serve to the male population
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Prostate protective (finnish study)

36. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Celexa (Citalopram)
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture

37. What is the cutoff value for determination of COPD vs CHF?
BNP of 100
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)

38. Name three examples of B-lactamase inhibitors
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)

39. What labs are needed when admitting a new patient
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Oh yea
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only

40. What are treatment options for menopause
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine

41. What is the mechanism for using cranberry juice for a UTI
Atrial septal Appendage
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.

42. What is the therapeutic use for aminoglycosides
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)

43. Name the long acting benzo's (1-3 days)
Topamax (Topiramate)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO

44. Name the antipseudomonal penicillins
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

45. What is the treatment for HAP
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
NSAIDs (add others here)
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin

46. Name the SSRI's
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV

47. What organisms can be treated by 2nd Generation cephalosporins
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Topamax (Topiramate)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)

48. What is natural penicillin used to treat
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)

49. Treatment of Migraines
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)

50. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea