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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a good chemotherapy treatment option for pancreatic cancer
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Low testosterone may increase risk
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib

2. What large group of people is blood thinners contra-indicated
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)

3. What are the averse effects of macrolides
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction

4. Name the short acting benzo's (2-8 hours)
Low testosterone may increase risk
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
BNP of 100
Great than 500

5. What is the cutoff value for determination of COPD vs CHF?
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
BNP of 100
Prostate protective (finnish study)
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)

6. Name the 4th generation cephalosporin
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Pseudomonas
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

7. Can Amiodarone lead to a complete loss of thyroid function
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
Oh yea

8. How are all carbapenems administered
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
IV only
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin

9. How does testosterone correlate to CAD
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Low testosterone may increase risk
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything

10. What are the 2nd generation heterolytic antidepressants
Low testosterone may increase risk
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
IV only
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

11. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Prostate protective (finnish study)
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

12. prevention of migraines
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
Topamax (Topiramate)

13. What is the mechanism for using cranberry juice for a UTI
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro

14. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Great than 500
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

15. Treatment for neuropathic pain
Oh yea
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)

16. What is the clinical Use of clindamycin
1. soy products 2. SSRI
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Piperacillin (zosyn)

17. Name three examples of B-lactamase inhibitors
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

18. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB

19. What is Beyes theorem
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox

20. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate

21. Name the first generation cephalosporins
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

22. What are the key drugs excreted by the kidneys
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Pseudomonas
NSAIDs (add others here)
1. soy products 2. SSRI

23. What are the adverse affects of tetracyclines
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

24. What labs are needed when admitting a new patient
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only

25. When should you use Vancomycin
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Atrial septal Appendage

26. Name the aminoglycosides
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)

27. Name the SSRI's
1. soy products 2. SSRI
NSAIDs (add others here)
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)

28. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

29. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Oh yea
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

30. Name the carbapenems
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)

31. Where do the majority of blood clots in the heart form
Atrial septal Appendage
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose

32. Name the antipseudomonal penicillins
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Piperacillin (zosyn)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)

33. How to treat depression
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Celexa (Citalopram)
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)

34. Name the tetracyclines
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)

35. 1st gen cephalosporins treat what organisms
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)

36. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Celexa (Citalopram)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt

37. Name the macrolides
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Topical against gram +

38. When should you begin treating a UTI
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only

39. What organisms with Carbapenems treat agains
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Oh yea
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

40. What are the clinical indications of aztreonam (azactam)
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy

41. What are the major causes of microhematuria
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Pseudomonas

42. Name the long acting benzo's (1-3 days)
Pseudomonas
Low testosterone may increase risk
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.

43. What is the treatment for HAP
NSAIDs (add others here)
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Piperacillin (zosyn)
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin

44. Name the intermediate acting benzo's (10-20 hours)
Atrial septal Appendage
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)

45. How to treat anxiety
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Great than 500

46. Cycloserine is used against what?
Inflammation of the eye follicles
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.

47. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Topamax (Topiramate)
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture

48. What is the lab short hand for electrolytes
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

49. How to treat chronic pain
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Exalga (Hydromorphone)

50. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
Celexa (Citalopram)
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Pseudomonas
Low testosterone may increase risk