Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Name the macrolides
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Exalga (Hydromorphone)


2. What are the adverse affects of tetracyclines
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Piperacillin (zosyn)


3. Name the antipseudomonal penicillins
Pseudomonas
Piperacillin (zosyn)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine


4. What is azithromycin used for
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Atrial septal Appendage
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.


5. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
IV only


6. Name the 3rd generation cephalosporin
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV


7. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Great than 500
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Piperacillin (zosyn)


8. Can an atypical antipsychotic be used for anxiety
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)


9. Cycloserine is used against what?
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Topamax (Topiramate)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.


10. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
1. soy products 2. SSRI
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture


11. Treatment of Migraines
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
IV only
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.


12. What organisms can be treated by 2nd Generation cephalosporins
Great than 500
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Pseudomonas


13. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt


14. How to treat anxiety
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.


15. What are the averse effects of macrolides
IV only
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt


16. Name the second generation cephalosporin
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
Celexa (Citalopram)


17. Where do the majority of blood clots in the heart form
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Atrial septal Appendage
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea


18. What is the bruce protocol?
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000


19. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
IV only
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)


20. What is the mechanism for using cranberry juice for a UTI
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro


21. What organisms can be treated by 3rd generation cephalosporins
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt


22. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
All patients with a fall hazard potential.


23. Name the tetracyclines
Celexa (Citalopram)
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)


24. What is Beyes theorem
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Prostate protective (finnish study)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything


25. What may dig toxicity induce
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
Exalga (Hydromorphone)


26. What is the treatment for HAP
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam


27. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Pseudomonas
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Amoxicillin Ampicillin


28. What are treatment options for menopause
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
PAT (Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia)
1. soy products 2. SSRI


29. What are the clinical indications of aztreonam (azactam)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)


30. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
Cefoperazone (cefobid) - IV - Cefotaxime (Claforan) - IV - Ceftazidime (Fortaz) - IV - Ceftizoximine (Cefizox) - IV - Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) - IV - Cefpodoxime (Vantin) - PO - Cefdinir (Omnicef) - PO - Ceftibuten (Cedax) - PO
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Topical against gram +


31. What is the antibiotic spectrum of tetracycline
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
Pseudomonas


32. What is the lab shorthand for blood
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Celexa (Citalopram)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile


33. What is the mechanism of the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Oh yea
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine


34. Blepharitis
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Exalga (Hydromorphone)


35. What large group of people is blood thinners contra-indicated
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max


36. What is the lab short hand for electrolytes
Topical against gram +
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max


37. How to treat depression
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Celexa (Citalopram)
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Exalga (Hydromorphone)


38. How does testosterone correlate to CAD
Low testosterone may increase risk
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma


39. What is the determination of a liver transplant
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Piperacillin (zosyn)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43


40. Scoring system of AFIB
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.


41. Name the intermediate acting benzo's (10-20 hours)
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
Celexa (Citalopram)
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000


42. What is a good chemotherapy treatment option for pancreatic cancer
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Low testosterone may increase risk
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib


43. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
WBC>HG/HCT<pH


44. How to treat chronic pain
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)


45. Name the short acting benzo's (2-8 hours)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything


46. Name three examples of B-lactamase inhibitors
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
1. soy products 2. SSRI
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)


47. Name the carbapenems
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate


48. prevention of migraines
Topamax (Topiramate)
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000
Celexa (Citalopram)


49. What are the key drugs excreted by the kidneys
Prostate protective (finnish study)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
NSAIDs (add others here)


50. What are the 2nd generation heterolytic antidepressants
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Low testosterone may increase risk
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)