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Family Medicine Tips Tricks And Treatments

Subjects : health-sciences, family-medicine

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Scoring system of AFIB
Aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas - klebsiella - serratia)
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Gemcitabine either alone or in combination with erlotinib
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB

2. How do you treat hyponatremia in the elderly
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)

3. What is azithromycin used for
Pretest probability = post test probability; With low pretest probability you will do nothing - while with high pretest probability you will do everything
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)

4. What is the mechanism of the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)

5. What is the clinical Use of clindamycin
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides

6. Where do the majority of blood clots in the heart form
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Atrial septal Appendage
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

7. How are all carbapenems administered
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
IV only

8. What requires more energy: Diastole or Systole
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Celexa (Citalopram)

9. What is the therapeutic use for aminoglycosides
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV

10. Name the macrolides
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Low testosterone may increase risk
Erythromycin (E-mycin) - Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - Azithromycin (Zithromax)
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose

11. Name the short acting benzo's (2-8 hours)
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)

12. What are the 2nd generation heterolytic antidepressants
Temazepam (Restron) Lorazepam (Ativan) Alprazolam (xanax)
NSAIDs (add others here)
1. Hydration 2. Increase salts 3. Steroids 4. Alpha agonist (midodrine)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)

13. Treatment protocol for gall bladder issues
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

14. What is the glucose to A1C conversion estimates
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides

15. What additional benefit my statins serve to the male population
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)

16. Name the extended spectrum penicillins
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
WBC>HG/HCT<pH
Symptomatic and when the colony count is greater than 100 -000

17. Name the carbapenems
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
IV only
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)

18. Blepharitis
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam

19. What is the lab short hand for electrolytes
NA/K - Cl/CO2 - BUN/Cr - Ca/Glucose
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

20. What are the key drugs excreted by the kidneys
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
IV only
NSAIDs (add others here)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)

21. What organisms can be treated by 3rd generation cephalosporins
HEN PECK + Pseudomonas - Enterobacter - citerobacter and providencia
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Piperacillin (zosyn)
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox

22. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors
Topical against gram +

23. What are the bugs associated with community acquired pneumonia
Prostate protective (finnish study)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
1. soy products 2. SSRI
1. Strep Pneumo 2. Mycoplasma

24. Cycloserine is used against what?
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)

25. What is the treatment for HAP
Clavulonic acid Sulbactam Tazobactam
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
1. Flouroquine 2. Zosyn 3. Vancomycin
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

26. What organisms can be treated by 2nd Generation cephalosporins
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV

27. What is the treatment options for reducing prostate size
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Block serotonin and nor epinephrine
GI Upset - Cholestatic hepatitis - allergic reaction - prolonged qt
1st line is Alpha blockers - 2nd line 5-a-reductase inhibitors

28. How to treat depression
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Prostate protective (finnish study)
Celexa (Citalopram)
NSAIDs (add others here)

29. When should you use Vancomycin
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Alternative for penicillin allergic patients: gram positives (less than erythromycin) - H INfluenza - M. Catarrhalis - Mycobacterium avium - mycoplasma - legionella - C. trachomatis - Corynebacterium diptheria - B. Pertusis.
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)

30. Name the 3rd generation heterolytic anti depressants
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Nefazodone (Serzone) Mirtazopine (Remeron)
Piperacillin (zosyn)
OH YEA; Seraquel (quetiapine)
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.

31. At what interval is the QT considered prolonged
Great than 500
1. soy products 2. SSRI
MRSA and Severe infections. IV Only
Protocol used for an echo stress test. Treadmill is increased 2 degrees. Max heart rate is 220-age. The target on a stress test is 85% of max

32. What is the determination of a liver transplant
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are resistant to first line drugs.

33. What organisms with Carbapenems treat agains
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)
MELD Score: MELD = 3.78[Ln serum bilirubin (mg/dL)] + 11.2[Ln INR] + 9.57[Ln serum creatinine (mg/dL)] + 6.43

34. What are treatment options for menopause
Oh yea
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)
1. soy products 2. SSRI
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens

35. What are the major causes of microhematuria
GRAM + and PECK: Gram positive (Pneumococci - streptococcus and staphylococcus) - Gram Negative bacilli (Proteus - E. Coli - Klebsiella)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea
Celexa (Citalopram)
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones

36. Name the first generation cephalosporins
CMP - CBC - Chest Xray - EKG - Sed Rate
Cefadroxil (duricef)- Oral - cephalexin (keflex) - Oral - Cephradine (Velosef) - Oral - Cefazolin (Ancef) - IV
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro

37. What is the cutoff value for determination of COPD vs CHF?
Methimazole - PropylThioUracil - Tapazole
HEN PECK (H. Influenzae - Enterobacter - Neisseria and the PECK from the first generation)
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
BNP of 100

38. Name the 4th generation cephalosporin
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Bacteriostatic against - Gram positive - Gram negative - Anaerobes - chlamydiae - Mycoplasma - Rickettsiae
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
Cefepine (maxipine) - IV Only

39. Why is BUN elevated in GI bleeds
GI Upset - Boney structures and teeth - LIver tox - Photo sensitivity - Vestibular resactions - Renal tox
Severe infections by anaerobic bacteria:bacteroides fragilis - streptococci - staphylococci - pneumococci - Clostridium perfringens
NSAIDs (add others here)
Blood is digested in the GI tract forming Urea

40. What is the Common bacteria associated with hospital acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas
All gram positive - gram negative - anaerobic organism. Exceptions include MRSA - VRE - C. Difficile
Tetracycline (Symycin) Doxycycline (Vibramycin) Demeclocycline (declomycin) Minocycline (minocin)
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones

41. What is the treatment for CAP
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90
Piperacillin (zosyn)
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin
1. Ultrasound 2. Hidascan 3. Endoscopy

42. What is the mechanism for using cranberry juice for a UTI
Streptococci Meningococci Clostridium Listeria Enterococci Diptheria Anthrax Syphilis Spirochetes Actinomycosis Bacteroides
Inflammation of the eye follicles
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of uropathogens to uroepithelial cells. The mediators of this anti-adherence effect may be fructose - which could interfere with adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to uro

43. Name the long acting benzo's (1-3 days)
Chlordiazepoxide (librium) Diazepam (Valium) Fluorazepam (Dalmane)
Diastole requires more energy. Systole (contraction) is a downhill gradient while diastole requires ATP - ST Segment changes on an EKG is due to diastolic changes - 1st symptoms of an MI is due to diastolic dysfunction
1. soy products 2. SSRI
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

44. Name the aminoglycosides
Amoxicillin Ampicillin
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
All patients with a fall hazard potential.
E. Coli - Enterobacter - klebsiella and pseudomonas; DO NOT COVER ANAEROBES

45. Name the SSRI's
Exalga (Hydromorphone)
Imipenem (Primaxin) Meropenem (merrem)
Triazolam (halcion) oxcizepam (serax) midazolam (Versed) Clonazepam (klonipin)
Fluoxetine (prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft) Paroxetine (paxil) Fluvoxamine (luvox) Citalopram (celexa) Excitalopram (lexapro)

46. What are the toxicity associated with aminoglycosides
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)
Nephrotoxicity - Ototoxicity - NMB
TIGHTS: Trauma - Infection - Glomerulonephritis - HTN - Tumor - Stones
A1C of 7 = Glucose of 150; A1C of 6 = Glucose of 120; A1C of 5 = Glucose of 90

47. prevention of migraines
Amikacin (amikin) Netilmicin (netromycin) Neomycin (mycifradin) Tobramycin (Nebcin) Gentamycin (Garamycin)
Celexa (Citalopram)
Topamax (Topiramate)
Zoloft (Sertraline) or Xanax (Alprazolam)

48. Name the second generation cephalosporin
Cefaclor (ceclor) - PO - Cefuroxime (Ceftin) - PO - Loracarbef (Lorabid) - PO - Cefprozil - Cefotetan (Cefotan) - IV - Cefoxitin (Mefoxin) - IV - Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - IV
CHAD S2 Score: Congestive Heart Failure - Hypertension - Age > 75 - Diabetes Mellitus - Stroke (Prior)
NSAIDs (add others here)
Great than 500

49. What is a good cocktail for a steroid injection?
Great than 500
Piperacillin (zosyn)
1. 0.5 cc Lidocaine 2. 0.5 cc Marcaine 3. 2.0 cc Depot-medrol; Check up to date for a better mixture
Option A. 1. Rocefin 2. zithromax Option B. Levoquin

50. Treatment of Migraines
BNP of 100
Imitrex (Naratriptin) Amerge (Sumatriptin)
Neurontin (Gabipentin) Lyrica (Pregabalin)
Trazodone (desyrel) Buproprion (wellbutrin)