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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ethyl alcohol






2. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






3. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






4. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






5. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






6. Fast growth rate - ability to be grown in large quantities using ordinary culture methods - Nonpathogenic -Genome that is well- delineated (mapped) - capable of accepting plasmids or bacteriophage vectors - maintains foreign genes through multiple ge






7. DNA fingerprinting of specimens that contain only minute amounts of DNA or even old specimens that may not be suitable for other test methods






8. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






9. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






10. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






11. Nucleotide sequences of DNA






12. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






13. Migration is due to attraction of opposite charges - smaller fragments move faster than larger ones - which allows the restriction fragments to be not just seperated but isolated and identified






14. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






15. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






16. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






17. Derived from sugar cane juice - is a primary alcoholic product of the caribbean islands - can be purchased in several different concentrations






18. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






19. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






20. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






21. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






22. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






23. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






24. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






25. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






26. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.






27. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






28. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






29. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






30. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






31. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






32. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






33. Can revert to anaerobic fermentation in the event they have exhausted their oxygen supply - creating lactic acid






34. Lactobacillus Sanfrancisco






35. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






36. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






37. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






38. Pieces of DNA produced by endonucleases - when in the laboratory - endonucleases are used to cleave DNA at desired sites - allowing them to be seperated by Gel Electrophoresis by size - then allowing the nucleotide sequences to be isolated and ident






39. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






40. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






41. Incorportates air into the dough






42. Gene therapy






43. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






44. Which encodes for a particular protein product into the genome of appropriate host organism transforms the host organism into a production plant for the protein that is the genetic expression of a particular sequence - then - by means of routine bioc






45. Plasmids and bacteriophages






46. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






47. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






48. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






49. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






50. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers