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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






2. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






3. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






4. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






5. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






6. Which encodes for a particular protein product into the genome of appropriate host organism transforms the host organism into a production plant for the protein that is the genetic expression of a particular sequence - then - by means of routine bioc






7. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






8. Plasmids and bacteriophages






9. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






10. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






11. Anaerobic fermentation in skeletal muscles produces






12. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






13. Incorportates air into the dough






14. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






15. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






16. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






17. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






18. Saccharomyctes cervisiae

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19. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






20. Insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode missing or dysfunctional proteins






21. Migration is due to attraction of opposite charges - smaller fragments move faster than larger ones - which allows the restriction fragments to be not just seperated but isolated and identified






22. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






23. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






24. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






25. Derived from sugar cane juice - is a primary alcoholic product of the caribbean islands - can be purchased in several different concentrations






26. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






27. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






28. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






29. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele






30. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






31. Gene therapy






32. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






33. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






34. Can revert to anaerobic fermentation in the event they have exhausted their oxygen supply - creating lactic acid






35. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






36. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






37. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






38. Gene therapy involves insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode for ___________; used increasingly to replace missing or mutated genes to correct inherited defects






39. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






40. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






41. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






42. Corn mash whiskey - is clear after distillation - the aging process while in an oak barrel for years - is responsible for the golden color and distinct taste of bourbon (or Jack Daniels Tennessee whiskey)






43. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






44. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






45. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






46. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






47. Ethyl alcohol






48. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






49. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






50. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.