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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anaerobic fermentation in skeletal muscles produces






2. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






3. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






4. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






5. Pieces of DNA produced by endonucleases - when in the laboratory - endonucleases are used to cleave DNA at desired sites - allowing them to be seperated by Gel Electrophoresis by size - then allowing the nucleotide sequences to be isolated and ident






6. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






7. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






8. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






9. Gene therapy






10. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






11. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






12. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






13. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






14. Derived from sugar cane juice - is a primary alcoholic product of the caribbean islands - can be purchased in several different concentrations






15. Which encodes for a particular protein product into the genome of appropriate host organism transforms the host organism into a production plant for the protein that is the genetic expression of a particular sequence - then - by means of routine bioc






16. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






17. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






18. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






19. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






20. Migration is due to attraction of opposite charges - smaller fragments move faster than larger ones - which allows the restriction fragments to be not just seperated but isolated and identified






21. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele






22. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






23. Incorportates air into the dough






24. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






25. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






26. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






27. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






28. Genetic Engineering is based on the ability to manipulate DNA by using a variety of ___________;allow DNA to cut precisely determined points along each strand - to be separated according to size of fragments and to be sequenced to determine exact com






29. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






30. Many individuals recieving treatment for their Hemophilia A through blood transfusions contracted the HIV virus - through the donated plasma






31. Ethyl alcohol






32. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






33. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






34. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






35. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






36. Gene therapy involves insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode for ___________; used increasingly to replace missing or mutated genes to correct inherited defects






37. Saccharomyctes cervisiae

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38. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






39. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






40. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






41. DNA fingerprinting of specimens that contain only minute amounts of DNA or even old specimens that may not be suitable for other test methods






42. Lactobacillus Sanfrancisco






43. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






44. Plasmids and bacteriophages






45. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






46. Fast growth rate - ability to be grown in large quantities using ordinary culture methods - Nonpathogenic -Genome that is well- delineated (mapped) - capable of accepting plasmids or bacteriophage vectors - maintains foreign genes through multiple ge






47. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






48. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






49. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






50. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.