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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Which encodes for a particular protein product into the genome of appropriate host organism transforms the host organism into a production plant for the protein that is the genetic expression of a particular sequence - then - by means of routine bioc






2. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele






3. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






4. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






5. Corn mash whiskey - is clear after distillation - the aging process while in an oak barrel for years - is responsible for the golden color and distinct taste of bourbon (or Jack Daniels Tennessee whiskey)






6. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






7. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






8. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






9. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






10. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






11. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






12. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






13. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






14. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






15. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






16. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






17. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






18. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






19. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






20. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






21. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






22. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






23. Lactobacillus Sanfrancisco






24. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






25. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






26. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






27. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






28. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






29. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






30. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






31. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






32. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






33. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






34. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






35. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






36. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






37. Gene therapy






38. Can revert to anaerobic fermentation in the event they have exhausted their oxygen supply - creating lactic acid






39. Migration is due to attraction of opposite charges - smaller fragments move faster than larger ones - which allows the restriction fragments to be not just seperated but isolated and identified






40. Genetic Engineering is based on the ability to manipulate DNA by using a variety of ___________;allow DNA to cut precisely determined points along each strand - to be separated according to size of fragments and to be sequenced to determine exact com






41. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






42. Incorportates air into the dough






43. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






44. Insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode missing or dysfunctional proteins






45. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






46. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






47. Saccharomyctes cervisiae


48. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






49. Plasmids and bacteriophages






50. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the