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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






2. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






3. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






4. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






5. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






6. DNA fingerprinting of specimens that contain only minute amounts of DNA or even old specimens that may not be suitable for other test methods






7. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






8. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






9. Pieces of DNA produced by endonucleases - when in the laboratory - endonucleases are used to cleave DNA at desired sites - allowing them to be seperated by Gel Electrophoresis by size - then allowing the nucleotide sequences to be isolated and ident






10. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






11. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






12. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






13. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






14. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele






15. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






16. Derived from sugar cane juice - is a primary alcoholic product of the caribbean islands - can be purchased in several different concentrations






17. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






18. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






19. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






20. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






21. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






22. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






23. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






24. Many individuals recieving treatment for their Hemophilia A through blood transfusions contracted the HIV virus - through the donated plasma






25. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






26. Incorportates air into the dough






27. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






28. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






29. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






30. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






31. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






32. Fast growth rate - ability to be grown in large quantities using ordinary culture methods - Nonpathogenic -Genome that is well- delineated (mapped) - capable of accepting plasmids or bacteriophage vectors - maintains foreign genes through multiple ge






33. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






34. Nucleotide sequences of DNA






35. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






36. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






37. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






38. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






39. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






40. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






41. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






42. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






43. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






44. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






45. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.






46. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






47. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






48. Gene therapy involves insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode for ___________; used increasingly to replace missing or mutated genes to correct inherited defects






49. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






50. Plasmids and bacteriophages