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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Migration is due to attraction of opposite charges - smaller fragments move faster than larger ones - which allows the restriction fragments to be not just seperated but isolated and identified






2. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






3. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






4. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






5. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






6. Are recombinant organisms produced by insertion of recombinant DNA fragments






7. Pieces of DNA produced by endonucleases - when in the laboratory - endonucleases are used to cleave DNA at desired sites - allowing them to be seperated by Gel Electrophoresis by size - then allowing the nucleotide sequences to be isolated and ident






8. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






9. Incorportates air into the dough






10. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






11. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






12. Genetic Engineering is based on the ability to manipulate DNA by using a variety of ___________;allow DNA to cut precisely determined points along each strand - to be separated according to size of fragments and to be sequenced to determine exact com






13. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






14. Nucleotide sequences of DNA






15. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






16. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






17. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






18. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






19. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






20. Saccharomyctes cervisiae


21. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






22. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






23. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






24. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






25. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






26. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






27. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






28. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.






29. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






30. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






31. Ethyl alcohol






32. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






33. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






34. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






35. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






36. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






37. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






38. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






39. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






40. Lactobacillus Sanfrancisco






41. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






42. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






43. Anaerobic fermentation in skeletal muscles produces






44. Plasmids and bacteriophages






45. Gene therapy






46. Insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode missing or dysfunctional proteins






47. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






48. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






49. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






50. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode