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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






2. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






3. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






4. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele






5. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






6. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






7. Plasmids and bacteriophages






8. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






9. Detecting variations in DNA sequence at same location in genome of different individuals;






10. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






11. A faulty gene in humans suffering from a disease which is due to the lack of a protein or the presence of a defective protein is corrected or reparied; inherent benefit is to permanently cure physiological dysfunction by repairing a genetic defect






12. Saccharomyctes cervisiae


13. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






14. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






15. Fast growth rate - ability to be grown in large quantities using ordinary culture methods - Nonpathogenic -Genome that is well- delineated (mapped) - capable of accepting plasmids or bacteriophage vectors - maintains foreign genes through multiple ge






16. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






17. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






18. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






19. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






20. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






21. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






22. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






23. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






24. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






25. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






26. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






27. Nucleotide sequences of DNA






28. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






29. DNA fingerprinting of specimens that contain only minute amounts of DNA or even old specimens that may not be suitable for other test methods






30. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






31. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






32. Insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode missing or dysfunctional proteins






33. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






34. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






35. Genetic Engineering is based on the ability to manipulate DNA by using a variety of ___________;allow DNA to cut precisely determined points along each strand - to be separated according to size of fragments and to be sequenced to determine exact com






36. Gene therapy






37. Derived from sugar cane juice - is a primary alcoholic product of the caribbean islands - can be purchased in several different concentrations






38. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






39. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






40. Lactobacillus Sanfrancisco






41. Which encodes for a particular protein product into the genome of appropriate host organism transforms the host organism into a production plant for the protein that is the genetic expression of a particular sequence - then - by means of routine bioc






42. Incorportates air into the dough






43. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






44. Fermented and distilled corn mash - the state of Kentucky holds the patent on the word bourbon in reference to corn mash whiskey. Jack Daniels - produced in Tennessee is bourbon but NOT CALLED bourbon due to this patent






45. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






46. Forensic medicin; examples : fingerprints - hair - skin - fingernails - semen - blood or saliva






47. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






48. Corn mash whiskey - is clear after distillation - the aging process while in an oak barrel for years - is responsible for the golden color and distinct taste of bourbon (or Jack Daniels Tennessee whiskey)






49. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






50. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.