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Genetic Engineering Biotechnology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The actual sequence of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule; we have due to lab techniques in genetic engineering - the ability to creat a DNA fingerprint ( DNA type or DNA profile) that is unique identifying characteristic of an individual






2. Are bacterial enzymes that recognize foreign DNA and are capable of breaking the bonds between adjacent nucleotides; each has a specific nucleotide sequence as its target






3. Once the specific functional protein will be synthesized - the availbility of the protein will eliminate the disease condition






4. Recombinant DNA may enable __________ to determine the likelihood of a praticular genetic disease long before the appearance of symptoms associated with the disease;early detection may allow intervention before the occurrence of irreversible damage.






5. Degree of uniqueness is directly proportional to the prevalence of particular markers in comparison population; use of multiple markers allow significant increase in actual uniqueness of profile established






6. A good recombinant vector must be capable of carrying a significant fragment of DNA and readily accept it






7. Recombinant DNA may be inserted into ________ to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - may not be disease or drought tolerant - may provide more nutritional properties - may be easier to grow - or may even convey immunity






8. After the actual size of individual fragments are determined - the nucleotide sequence which has been isolated and identified - can be inserted into an acceptable cloning host through the process of transfection






9. Actions of microbial enzymes that break down flour proteins ( gluten) and give dough its elasticity






10. Inherent differences in ________ of DNA are used to identify humans - animals - and microbes;DNA analysis has revolutionized fields such as epidemiology and criminalistics; DNA technology is now common - place in forensic investigations






11. Can revert to anaerobic fermentation in the event they have exhausted their oxygen supply - creating lactic acid






12. Involves removal of a selected gene from on organism (genetic donor) followed by its propagation in a different organism (cloning host)






13. Final product of recombinant DNA may be production of a particular protein such as _______ - human growth factor and certain clotting factors; recombinant DNA is transferred into bacteria - which can utilize routine protein synthesis mechanisms to pr






14. The ability to produce recombinant proteins in bacteria and yeasts reather than isolating protein from animals or humans






15. Identification of the gene responsible for the defective or absent protein - identification - isolation - cloning of the normal gene and transfection into the cells of the individual with the disease.






16. Gel electrophoresis is a process based on migration of negatively charged DNA fragments through a gel - toward a positive electrode






17. The process of introducing foreign genes into a cloning host organism






18. Gene therapy






19. Caused by a lack of adequate insulin production - once treated using insulin derived from animals






20. Profile established by analysis of multiple markers provides unique characteristic of individual whose DNA is presented;






21. Although the availability of HGH was limited at best - demand exceeding the opportunity of supply - the potential transmission of infectious agents such as the prion associated with Creutzfedt- Jacob disease was life threatening to the individual rec






22. Derived from potatos is the most widely marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage






23. Incorportates air into the dough






24. Nucleotide sequences of DNA






25. To detect presence of genes that increase risk of hereditary diseases and establish patterns of inheritance of the diseases; it can be used to establish paternity and maternity - genetic ancestry of domestic animals an genetic diversity of animals br






26. Fast growth rate - ability to be grown in large quantities using ordinary culture methods - Nonpathogenic -Genome that is well- delineated (mapped) - capable of accepting plasmids or bacteriophage vectors - maintains foreign genes through multiple ge






27. Can be inserted into plants or animals to produce organisms that are better adapted to their environments - has been shown to cause improvements in crops by improving things such as drought resistance and has conveyed immunity to those consuming them






28. Was a 4 yr old girl - in 1990 suffering from severe immunodeficiency disease caused by lack of enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Researchers at the National Institutes of Health - transfused her own blood cells that had been engineered to contain the






29. Insertion of particular recombinant DNA sequences that encode missing or dysfunctional proteins






30. Are observable variations in DNA which help establish a profile






31. Many individuals recieving treatment for their Hemophilia A through blood transfusions contracted the HIV virus - through the donated plasma






32. Is a lab technique used to separate various sized restriction fragments






33. Use recombinant DNA technology to synthesize products that cannot be manufactured by other methods - or cannot be manufactured as efficiently or effectively by other methods






34. Enabling the large- scale production of life- saving or life- altering hormones and enzymes of human origin






35. Used in industry - agriculture - food sciences and environmental protection. Some utilize genetic engineering techniques to achieve a desired outcome or rely on natu4ral biochemical and metabolic activities of organisms






36. Anaerobic fermentation in skeletal muscles produces






37. Incompatible DNA of bacteriophages and plasmids






38. Involves manipulation of an organism's genome - Used in conjunction with biotechnology - which involves practical use of an organism's biochemical and metabolic pathways for the production of food products - chemicals - drugs andother products






39. yeasts ferment carbs in fruits & grains anaerobically resulting in producing ethyl alcohol






40. Caused by a lack of adequate Human Growth Hormone (HGH); once treated by harvesting HGH from the pituitary glands of human cadavers






41. Use of an organism's biochemical processes to produce a needed product - These processes have been greatly enhanced by use of recombinant DNA which allows organisms to be genetically modified to accomplish tasks that were previously not possible






42. Limited availablity of the essential - missing or deficient hormone - which can be aided by pharmaceutical companies use of recombinant DNA technology.






43. Enzyme required for conversion of inactive protein plasminogen to its active form plasmin; is used to dissolve clots associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions - availablity of tPA from human origin is limitied and not sufficient to meet the






44. A lack of an essential hormone causes the disease and treatment involves replacing the missing hormone






45. To deliberately remove genetic material from one organism - and combine it with the genetic material of another






46. Genetic Engineering is based on the ability to manipulate DNA by using a variety of ___________;allow DNA to cut precisely determined points along each strand - to be separated according to size of fragments and to be sequenced to determine exact com






47. Caused by a lack of adequate clotting factor VIII;






48. Is essential in the process of clot dissolution associated with myocardial and cerebral infarctions






49. Saccharomyctes cervisiae


50. Almost 6000 yrs ago in wine and bread making - involves practical application of microorganisms in manufacturing products or carrying out a particular decomposition - most involve the actions of bacteria - molds - yeasts adn algae that have been sele