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Test your basic knowledge |
Genetic Engineering Technology
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring
Desired traits for research animals
portions of mouse antibody genes that are used to make therapeutic mononclonal antibodies are routinely replaced with the equivalent portion from a human antibody gene because...
AALAS
Human insulin
2. RFLP and PCR
AALAS
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
Tumors
Two types of forensic DNA testing
3. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells
CDC
What are the major types of patents
three types of stem cells
Restriction Enzymes
4. Cells and matrixes
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
What tissue is made of
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
Multiple cloning sites
5. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc
protoplast fusion
EPA
anti- freeze proteins
Tumors
6. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell
AALAS
How patents for DNA sequences are different
Ethical dilemma using placebos - when they were on drugs before- how does FDA address this...
agrobacter characteristics
7. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation
uses of stem cells
EPA
Was to purify DNA
Tissue regeneration's 3 main areas
8. Skin and cartilage
Examples of successful commercial tissue regeneration
Phase III
AFS
Intron
9. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal
DNA sequencing primers
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Kinds of stem cells
10. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)
Vector
Was to purify DNA
Ethical dilemma using placebos - when they were on drugs before- how does FDA address this...
What tissue is made of
11. A problem with gene therapy
ASCs
Superfund site
AALAS
Tumors
12. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones
leaf fragment technique
RFLP
Superfund site
Use of antisense RNA technology
13. 2 -00-5 -000 base pairs
DNA cloning vectors size
NIH
three types of stem cells
Selectable marker genes
14. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA
Drug resistance gene (amp)
hESC
RNA polymerase promoter sequences
PCR
15. Induced pluripotent stem cells - nuclear reprogrammed somatic cells
iPS
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
FDA
What tissue is made of
16. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA
iPS
Ways to clone animals
USDA
the expected advantages of producing recombinant vaccines in microbes instead of eggs are...
17. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed
The general importance of Thalidomide
Human insulin
What are the major types of patents
Ways to introduce new genetic material into animals
18. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics
FDA
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
three types of stem cells
Use of antisense RNA technology
19. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation
Intron
Drug resistance gene (amp)
Ways to clone animals
Oxidation is important in bioremediation because...
20. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell
ASCs
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
Multiple cloning sites
cDNA
21. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
EPA
What tissue is made of
Detecting microsatellites (STR)
22. The act that started the clean up of sites that had hazardous substances
Superfund site
Intron
What tissue is made of
Phase III
23. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp
Use of antisense RNA technology
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
agrobacter characteristics
A monoclonal antibody
24. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines
cDNA
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
iPS
the expected advantages of producing recombinant vaccines in microbes instead of eggs are...
25. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase
the expected advantages of producing recombinant vaccines in microbes instead of eggs are...
RNA polymerase promoter sequences
Deontological (Kantian)
Use of antisense RNA technology
26. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications
Oxidation is important in bioremediation because...
Use of SNPS
Human insulin
What tissue is made of
27. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version
PCR
portions of mouse antibody genes that are used to make therapeutic mononclonal antibodies are routinely replaced with the equivalent portion from a human antibody gene because...
NIH
What tissue is made of
28. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)
The general importance of Thalidomide
AFS
Oxidation is important in bioremediation because...
RFLP analysis...
29. Food and Drug Administration - in charge of processed foods and medication - oversees the lab practices - phase testing of drugs - drug - food items - cosmetics
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
ASCs
protoplast fusion
FDA
30. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell
NIH
Ex vivo gene therapy
What must an invention do in order to be patentable
Was to purify DNA
31. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends
USDA
three types of stem cells
What are the major types of patents
Restriction Enzymes
32. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
Problems to overcome in tissue regeneration
Restriction Enzymes
CDC
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.
DNA sequencing primers
What tissue is made of
CDC
the expected advantages of producing recombinant vaccines in microbes instead of eggs are...
34. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
Ethical dilemma using placebos - when they were on drugs before- how does FDA address this...
Deontological (Kantian)
hESC
35. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations
portions of mouse antibody genes that are used to make therapeutic mononclonal antibodies are routinely replaced with the equivalent portion from a human antibody gene because...
three types of stem cells
Phase IV
Two types of forensic DNA testing
36. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response
What tissue is made of
EPA
Antibodies
USDA
37. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA
Vector
Tissue regeneration's 3 main areas
Selectable marker genes
Detecting microsatellites (STR)
38. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector
iPS
Tissue regeneration's 3 main areas
Drug resistance gene (amp)
Ethical dilemma using placebos - when they were on drugs before- how does FDA address this...
39. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell
How patents for DNA sequences are different
portions of mouse antibody genes that are used to make therapeutic mononclonal antibodies are routinely replaced with the equivalent portion from a human antibody gene because...
Origin of replication
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
40. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY
Human insulin
three types of stem cells
Phase II
hESC
41. Injection into the organism
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
In vivo gene therapy
USDA
Utilitarian
42. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (
Why the cloning of animals is inefficient
Antibodies
Tumors
How patents for DNA sequences are different
43. Responsible for growing and farming practices
In vivo gene therapy
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
USDA
RFLP analysis...
44. Plasmids that are successfully engineered are white - If the gene is blue it is not effected - White colonies are inserted into the clone of DNA on Bgal site - Allows for detection of successful ligation (in vector- based gene cloning)
blue- white (B- galactosidase)
RFLP
Examples of successful commercial tissue regeneration
Detecting microsatellites (STR)
45. It sequentially breaks down toxic compounds - eventually to water and CO2
Desired traits for research animals
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
Origin of replication
Oxidation is important in bioremediation because...
46. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -
Ethical dilemma using placebos - when they were on drugs before- how does FDA address this...
Use of antisense RNA technology
Phase III
DNA cloning vectors size
47. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates
Reasons for studying microbes genomes
Aim of tissue regeneration
anti- freeze proteins
ASCs
48. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;
Antibodies
Restriction Enzymes
Phase I
Reasons why you can not just compare DNA in fingerprinting
49. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un
EPA
The general importance of Thalidomide
How can bacteria be used humans
Multiple cloning sites
50. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel
leaf fragment technique
DNA cloning vectors size
What must an invention do in order to be patentable
In vivo gene therapy