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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fusion of two protoplast cells from different species: hybrid plant






2. Amniotic fluid- derived stem cells - Coaxed to become other cells






3. Focuses on certain absolute principles which should follow out of sense of duty and should dictate our actions






4. Skin and cartilage






5. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






6. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






7. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






8. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






9. Greatest good for the greatest number






10. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






11. Responsible for growing and farming practices






12. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






13. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






14. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






15. Induced pluripotent stem cells - nuclear reprogrammed somatic cells






16. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






17. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell






18. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






19. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






20. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






21. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






22. Genetically type biological tissue - identify matching pairs (that cause undesirable traits in offspring) - and can show these traits early in development - check for curly calf syndrome - water head - fawn calf syndrome - dwarfism - dsytocia - and c






23. Turn off specific genes






24. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






25. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






26. Environmental Protection Agency - protecting endangered species to establishing emission standards for cars - regulates pesticides and herbicides - gmo's with pest resistance - monitors pesticide levels to ensure safe eating levels - the control of p






27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






28. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






29. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






30. 2 -00-5 -000 base pairs






31. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






32. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase






33. The act that started the clean up of sites that had hazardous substances






34. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






35. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






36. RFLP and PCR






37. Prevent crops from freezing (ice-) - slow the breakdown of food (tomatoes) - create pesticides to stop infestations






38. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






39. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed






40. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA






41. Injection into the organism






42. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;






43. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






44. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






45. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






46. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






47. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






48. A problem with gene therapy






49. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent






50. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY