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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






2. RFLP and PCR






3. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






4. Cells and matrixes






5. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






6. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell






7. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






8. Skin and cartilage






9. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






10. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






11. A problem with gene therapy






12. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






13. 2 -00-5 -000 base pairs






14. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






15. Induced pluripotent stem cells - nuclear reprogrammed somatic cells






16. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






17. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed






18. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






19. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






20. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






21. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






22. The act that started the clean up of sites that had hazardous substances






23. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






24. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






25. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase






26. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






27. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version






28. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






29. Food and Drug Administration - in charge of processed foods and medication - oversees the lab practices - phase testing of drugs - drug - food items - cosmetics






30. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell






31. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






32. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






34. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent






35. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






36. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






37. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






38. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector






39. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






40. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






41. Injection into the organism






42. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






43. Responsible for growing and farming practices






44. Plasmids that are successfully engineered are white - If the gene is blue it is not effected - White colonies are inserted into the clone of DNA on Bgal site - Allows for detection of successful ligation (in vector- based gene cloning)






45. It sequentially breaks down toxic compounds - eventually to water and CO2






46. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






47. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






48. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;






49. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






50. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel