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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






2. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






3. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






4. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






5. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






6. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell






7. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






8. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






9. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






10. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






11. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






12. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






13. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






14. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






15. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






16. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






17. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






18. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






19. Scaffolds - cells - cultivation

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20. Turn off specific genes






21. RFLP and PCR






22. US Patent and Trademark Office - only one required by the constitution - oversees patenting






23. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






24. National Institute of Health - foremost medical research center - makes important health discoveries






25. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






26. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase






27. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






28. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA






29. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel






30. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






31. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






32. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






33. Greatest good for the greatest number






34. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






35. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;






36. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






37. Prevent crops from freezing (ice-) - slow the breakdown of food (tomatoes) - create pesticides to stop infestations






38. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






39. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






40. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






41. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






42. A problem with gene therapy






43. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector






44. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






45. Skin and cartilage






46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






47. Injection into the organism






48. Plasmids that are successfully engineered are white - If the gene is blue it is not effected - White colonies are inserted into the clone of DNA on Bgal site - Allows for detection of successful ligation (in vector- based gene cloning)






49. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






50. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells