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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






2. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






3. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






4. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






5. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






6. A problem with gene therapy






7. Greatest good for the greatest number






8. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






9. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version






10. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






11. Injection into the organism






12. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






13. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






14. Cells and matrixes






15. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






16. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






17. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






18. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






19. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






20. Amniotic fluid- derived stem cells - Coaxed to become other cells






21. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






22. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






23. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell






24. Environmental Protection Agency - protecting endangered species to establishing emission standards for cars - regulates pesticides and herbicides - gmo's with pest resistance - monitors pesticide levels to ensure safe eating levels - the control of p






25. Focuses on certain absolute principles which should follow out of sense of duty and should dictate our actions






26. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






27. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






28. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase






29. Turn off specific genes






30. Responsible for growing and farming practices






31. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






32. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






33. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel






34. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






35. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






36. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






37. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






38. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






39. 2 -00-5 -000 base pairs






40. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






41. Skin and cartilage






42. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






43. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






44. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






45. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






46. Food and Drug Administration - in charge of processed foods and medication - oversees the lab practices - phase testing of drugs - drug - food items - cosmetics






47. Scaffolds - cells - cultivation

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48. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






49. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






50. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w