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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Prevent crops from freezing (ice-) - slow the breakdown of food (tomatoes) - create pesticides to stop infestations






2. It sequentially breaks down toxic compounds - eventually to water and CO2






3. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






4. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






5. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






6. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell






7. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version






8. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






9. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






10. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed






11. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






12. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






13. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






14. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






15. Greatest good for the greatest number






16. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






17. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






18. Scaffolds - cells - cultivation


19. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA






20. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






21. Cells and matrixes






22. Injection into the organism






23. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






24. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






25. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector






26. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - oversees the treatment of laboratory animals -






27. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






28. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






29. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






30. Only 1/100th of DNA differs from person to person






31. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






32. National Institute of Health - foremost medical research center - makes important health discoveries






33. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






34. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






35. US Patent and Trademark Office - only one required by the constitution - oversees patenting






36. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






37. Environmental Protection Agency - protecting endangered species to establishing emission standards for cars - regulates pesticides and herbicides - gmo's with pest resistance - monitors pesticide levels to ensure safe eating levels - the control of p






38. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






39. Responsible for growing and farming practices






40. RFLP and PCR






41. Fusion of two protoplast cells from different species: hybrid plant






42. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






43. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






44. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






45. A problem with gene therapy






46. Genetically type biological tissue - identify matching pairs (that cause undesirable traits in offspring) - and can show these traits early in development - check for curly calf syndrome - water head - fawn calf syndrome - dwarfism - dsytocia - and c






47. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






48. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






49. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






50. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase