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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell






2. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






3. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






4. Skin and cartilage






5. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel






6. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






7. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






8. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






9. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






10. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






11. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed






12. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






13. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






14. Turn off specific genes






15. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






16. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






17. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






18. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






19. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






20. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






21. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






22. Focuses on certain absolute principles which should follow out of sense of duty and should dictate our actions






23. Cells and matrixes






24. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






25. RFLP and PCR






26. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






27. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - branch of USDA - protects agriculture from pest and diseases - permits for developing gmo's






28. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






29. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell






30. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






32. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - oversees the treatment of laboratory animals -






33. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






34. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






35. A problem with gene therapy






36. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






37. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






38. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent






39. Greatest good for the greatest number






40. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






41. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






42. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






43. Composition of matter (chemical union) - Method - Article of Manufacture - Machine






44. Allows for transcription of RNA (in vivo and in vitro) by RNA polymerase






45. The act that started the clean up of sites that had hazardous substances






46. Injection into the organism






47. Responsible for growing and farming practices






48. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






49. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






50. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA