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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






2. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






3. Responsible for growing and farming practices






4. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






5. Composition of matter (chemical union) - Method - Article of Manufacture - Machine






6. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






7. Cells and matrixes






8. Genetically type biological tissue - identify matching pairs (that cause undesirable traits in offspring) - and can show these traits early in development - check for curly calf syndrome - water head - fawn calf syndrome - dwarfism - dsytocia - and c






9. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed






10. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






11. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






12. Only 1/100th of DNA differs from person to person






13. Induced pluripotent stem cells - nuclear reprogrammed somatic cells






14. Plasmids that are successfully engineered are white - If the gene is blue it is not effected - White colonies are inserted into the clone of DNA on Bgal site - Allows for detection of successful ligation (in vector- based gene cloning)






15. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






16. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






17. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






18. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






19. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






20. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector






21. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






22. Food and Drug Administration - in charge of processed foods and medication - oversees the lab practices - phase testing of drugs - drug - food items - cosmetics






23. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






24. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






25. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






26. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






27. Turn off specific genes






28. Scaffolds - cells - cultivation


29. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






30. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






31. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






32. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






33. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






34. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






35. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent






36. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






37. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






38. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






39. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






40. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - oversees the treatment of laboratory animals -






41. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






42. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






43. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






44. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






45. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - branch of USDA - protects agriculture from pest and diseases - permits for developing gmo's






46. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






47. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






48. Amniotic fluid- derived stem cells - Coaxed to become other cells






49. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.