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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A problem with gene therapy






2. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






3. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






4. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version






5. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






6. US Patent and Trademark Office - only one required by the constitution - oversees patenting






7. Composition of matter (chemical union) - Method - Article of Manufacture - Machine






8. RFLP and PCR






9. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






10. Both for reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning - treat leukemia: create white blood cell - sickle cell anemia: cord blood - form bone in skull: fat cells - repair heart cells - neuron creation






11. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






12. Genetically type biological tissue - identify matching pairs (that cause undesirable traits in offspring) - and can show these traits early in development - check for curly calf syndrome - water head - fawn calf syndrome - dwarfism - dsytocia - and c






13. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






14. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - oversees the treatment of laboratory animals -






15. Amniotic fluid- derived stem cells - Coaxed to become other cells






16. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






17. Focuses on certain absolute principles which should follow out of sense of duty and should dictate our actions






18. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






19. Turn off specific genes






20. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






21. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






22. Prevent crops from freezing (ice-) - slow the breakdown of food (tomatoes) - create pesticides to stop infestations






23. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






24. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






25. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






26. Fusion of two protoplast cells from different species: hybrid plant






27. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






28. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






29. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






30. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA






31. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






32. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






33. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






34. Chemically - Mechanically - New ways to take from levis






35. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






36. Environmental Protection Agency - protecting endangered species to establishing emission standards for cars - regulates pesticides and herbicides - gmo's with pest resistance - monitors pesticide levels to ensure safe eating levels - the control of p






37. Not obvious - Have a use - be novel






38. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






39. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






40. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






41. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






42. Responsible for growing and farming practices






43. Cells and matrixes






44. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






45. Tested on those with disease - 100-300 EFFICACY






46. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






47. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






48. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






49. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






50. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;