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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2 -00-5 -000 base pairs






2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






3. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






4. Short reproductive cycles - similar physiology to humans - sufficient database of knowledge about the organisms genetics - don't have dorsal fins and rows of large sharp teeth - they produce a relatively large number of offspring






5. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






6. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






7. Laboratory technique uses a DNA polymerase from bacteria that grow in geysers - Allows for the exponential increase in the synthesis of specific segments of DNA






8. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






9. Plasmids that are successfully engineered are white - If the gene is blue it is not effected - White colonies are inserted into the clone of DNA on Bgal site - Allows for detection of successful ligation (in vector- based gene cloning)






10. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - branch of USDA - protects agriculture from pest and diseases - permits for developing gmo's






11. It sequentially breaks down toxic compounds - eventually to water and CO2






12. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






13. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






14. Skin and cartilage






15. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






16. Protective cold- induced proteins from fish that live in very cold climates






17. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






18. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






19. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






20. Responsible for growing and farming practices






21. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






22. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






23. VNTR's (variable number tandem repeats) and Subsets (STR short tandem repeats (CODIS))






24. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






25. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






26. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






27. Prevent crops from freezing (ice-) - slow the breakdown of food (tomatoes) - create pesticides to stop infestations






28. Recognize and bind to the antigen - Each individual cell has ONE antibody - First exposure to a foreign protein: B- cells cross - react to the protein - proliferate - and produce antibodies against the protein






29. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






30. Embryo twinning (split embyos in half) - cloned from adult DNA






31. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






32. Greatest good for the greatest number






33. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






34. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






35. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






36. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






37. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






38. Scaffolds - cells - cultivation


39. Focuses on certain absolute principles which should follow out of sense of duty and should dictate our actions






40. Soil bacterium that infects plants - contains TI plasmid that can be genetically modified - DNA from the TI plasmid integrates with DNA of the host cell






41. A problem with gene therapy






42. Only 1/100th of DNA differs from person to person






43. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - oversees the treatment of laboratory animals -






44. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






45. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






46. 1 -000-3 -000 (double- blind) - COMPARITIVE BENEFIT TO OTHER CURRENT DRUGS - confirm effectiveness - monitor side effects - compare to used treatments - and collect info -






47. Composition of matter (chemical union) - Method - Article of Manufacture - Machine






48. Treat DNA with restriction enzyme - Use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate pieces - Chemically treat/heat/denature DNA (allows for single stranded probes to bind)






49. Component of the cloning vector that allows for the selection of those bacteria colonies that actually were transformed by the vector






50. Amniotic fluid- derived stem cells - Coaxed to become other cells