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Genetic Engineering Technology

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Each type of the enzyme cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence - DNA cutting enzymes - Bind and cut at recognition sequences or restriction sites - Either create cohesive (sticky) ends or blunt ends






2. Responsible for drug - food items - and cosmetics






3. The nucleotide sequences are present in the initial mRNA transcript but are excised prior to translation






4. To create or modulate tissue to replace or augment diseased or damaged tissue






5. Only 1/100th of DNA differs from person to person






6. Humans are more likely to generate an unwanted immune response to the mouse version of the antibody than to the humanized version






7. Turn off specific genes






8. Environmental Protection Agency - protecting endangered species to establishing emission standards for cars - regulates pesticides and herbicides - gmo's with pest resistance - monitors pesticide levels to ensure safe eating levels - the control of p






9. The site for DNA replication that allows the plasmids to replicate separately from the host cell's chromosome - component of cloning vector that allows it to replicate itself inside a bacterial cell






10. Injection into the organism






11. Retrovirus - mediated transgenics (infect mouse embryo with retrovirus and implant) - pronuclear microinjection (introduce transgenic DNA during zygote development - inject into sperm or egg) - embryonic stem cell method (embryonic stem cells mixed w






12. DNA copy of an mRNA molecule expressed in a cell






13. Greatest good for the greatest number






14. Sequences that allows the nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA fragments that are inserted into the plasmid






15. Cell consistency - Scaffold design and prep - Bioreactor design - Producing in the right size - Time of production - Clinical use - Regulatory approval - Ethical questions






16. Short stretched of DNA with single base pair changes (wildtype) - Short length allows distinguishing which allele is present - Allows the probe to stay attached to the target DNA - Perfectly matched will cause a signal






17. Adult- dervied stem cells - Can differentiate but not as pluripotent as hESCs






18. The target antigen (protein) for the vaccine is more easily selected and the vaccines can be generated much faster in microbes than in eggs






19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - protects public health and safety - provides information about health decisions and promotes health programs - works with disease - food- borne pathogens - occupational safety.






20. Used in fingerprinting - Less DNA and can be slightly degraded - Extremely sensitive to contaminating DNA






21. Done after treatment has been marketed and used - studied in various populations






22. Food and Drug Administration - in charge of processed foods and medication - oversees the lab practices - phase testing of drugs - drug - food items - cosmetics






23. Stretch of DNA with recognition sequences for various types of restriction enzymes - In plasmid - Allows for range of DNA fragments to be cloned in the plasmid






24. Is produced by a hybridoma (the fusion of a mature b- cell and an 'immortal' myeloma cancer cell - Is a single type of antibody that cross - reacts to only one target - one portion of the antigen against which it was made - Are generally much more sp






25. Expensive - have short life spans (short telomeres) - cloned from previous animals age






26. Cut small discs of leaf - culture in genetically modified agrobacter - Leaf discs are treated with hormones






27. Small group - 20-80 SAFETY - to establish dose range and side effects;






28. HESC - ASCs - AFS - iPS






29. Composition of matter (chemical union) - Method - Article of Manufacture - Machine






30. Isolate cells - inject gene - then reimplant cell






31. A problem with gene therapy






32. First cloned and expressed in bacteria - was effective because it DOES NOT require glycosylation - and so did not need 'eukaryotic- specific' post- translational modifications






33. IPS (induced pluripotent) - ESC (embryonic stem cells - and ASC (adult stem cells






34. Human embryonic stem cells - from embryos left over or created - have the ability to undergo differentiation - pluripotent






35. Can't be used if bacteria does not have the same post- translational modifications as eukaryotes --- no glycosylation - Can use bacteria to produce eukaryotic proteins only if the protein does not require any post- translational modifications. (Or un






36. Find genes that are associated with a disease - Find unknown means of infection - Find new targets for drugs and vaccines






37. Skin and cartilage






38. Genes allow for selection and identification of bacteria that has been modified (undergone recombination)






39. Informed consent is required: must know the risks (not actually receiving the drug)






40. Induced pluripotent stem cells - nuclear reprogrammed somatic cells






41. 1-6 nucleotide repeats throughout the chromosome - 13 unique STRs used by the FBI for testing (CODIS)






42. Responsible for the control of pesticides - herbicides - etc






43. Genetically type biological tissue - identify matching pairs (that cause undesirable traits in offspring) - and can show these traits early in development - check for curly calf syndrome - water head - fawn calf syndrome - dwarfism - dsytocia - and c






44. Responsible for the standard of treatment for laboratory animals






45. Restriction fragment length polymorphism: used in fingerprinting - Requires larger amount of DNA - Can not degrade






46. Antigens are foreign substances that stimulate an immune response






47. Pieces of DNA that can accept carry and replicate other pieces of DNA






48. Advancement and regulation of agriculture - pests - plants and vet biologics - growing and farming practices






49. Must be able to define its specific utility (must know exactly what it does... specifically) - show its substantial utility (real world use) - meet the credible utility requirement (be backed by sound science) - and not be similar to something else (






50. Introduced as a sedative in 50's - caused birth defects - caused stricter regulations testing before drugs and pesticides were licensed